MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Clinical Pathology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:42:13 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611915&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F190%3Frss%3D1 A 24-year-old woman noted a mass in her left breast and visited a local hospital. The mass was ~2.5 cm in size upon imaging and considered to be a benign tumour, so she was monitored. Six months later, the mass enlarged to >3 cm, showed redness in the skin and was painful. She took antibiotics for 1 week, and symptoms improved. She was referred to the Social Insurance Kurume Daiichi Hospital (Kurume, Japan). Ultrasonography revealed an intracystic tumour measuring ~3.3x3.3x3.5 cm consisting of a solid papillary structure in a cystic lesion and with an inhomogeneous interior (figure 1). Dynamic MRI revealed an irregular-shaped solid portion, with enhancement within the tumour and haemorrhagic fluid in the lumen: malignancy was suspected. Local excisional biopsy was un... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611915 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611914&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F189%3Frss%3D1 We present a case of PEL confirmed by pathology without effusion in a 38-year-old man at initial HIV diagnosis. A 38-year-old man presented with a right axillary swelling, restricted arm movement and chest pain for 3 weeks. He reported weight loss of 4 kg and night sweat without fever and/or chills. On physical examination, we found enlarged neck and axillary lymph nodes with a diameter of 3 cm, movable and hard presentation without tenderness. Elevation of the right shoulder was restricted to 20° with intact circulation and sensitivity. Lab reports showed a haemoglobin value of 7.8 g/dl, albumin 3.4 g/dl, lactate dehydrogenase 255 U/l and creatinine 1.6 mg/dl. Total serum protein was elevated to... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611914 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611913&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F188%3Frss%3D1 We read with interest the review by Clarke and McCluggage on iatrogenic lesions and artefacts in gynaecological pathology and in particular displaced ovarian granulosa cells and wish to report a further case in which displaced ovarian granulosa cells caused diagnostic difficulty.1 A 49-year-old Caucasian woman underwent a wide local excision for grade 2 lobular carcinoma of the breast with sentinel lymph node biopsy, which revealed no evidence of metastatic disease. Two years later, she underwent a therapeutic bilateral oophorectomy. The right ovary was entirely normal histologically but in the peripheral cortex of the left ovary, adjacent to an ovarian follicle, there were clusters of fairly uniform small round cells with variable nuclear chromasia, stippled nuclear chromatin and scanty e... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611913 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611912&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F187%3Frss%3D1 The Royal College of Pathologists have published guidelines on autopsy practice as a new set of standardised best practice scenarios. Scenario 1 (sudden death with likely cardiac pathology) was issued in 2005.1 The intention of the College Working Party on the Autopsy was that the scenarios would be periodically reviewed, updated and augmented.2 There is a need to place cannabis, nicotine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and psychology in the proper context when reporting on cardiac deaths. The rationale follows. In the list of drugs, both licit and illicit, which may cause sudden cardiac death is marijuana. The sentinel paper on cannabis as a trigger for sudden cardiac death is a case crossover study from Mittleman et al, which reported that the elevated risk of triggering ... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611912 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611911&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F186%3Frss%3D1 Flow cytometry is an established method for the detection of fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH). Compared with the Kleihauer-Betke test it is less labour-intensive and more accurate.1 Single-colour tests utilise antibodies against RhD antigen or fetal haemoglobin (HbF). The ‘Fetal Cell Count Kit’ (IQ products, Groningen, The Netherlands), a test for the diagnosis of FMH by dual-colour flow cytometry, is registered for ‘in vitro diagnostic use’ in the European Union (‘research use only’ in all other countries). Antibodies are directed against HbF and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA), taking advantage of the fact that considerable synthesis of red blood cell (RBC) CA commences only after birth. This allows the distinction between three cell populations pres... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611911 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611910&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F183%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, MLPA is a fast and accurate quantitative method to detect HER2 and Topo 2 amplification, and could be considered a good alternative to FISH. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611910 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611909&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F178%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The emergence of CA-MRSA clones with subsequent entry to and spread within the hospital has contributed to the increasing incidence of MRSA observed in Tawam Hospital and probably also in other hospitals in the UAE. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611909 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611908&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F171%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The protein antigens of persistent C pneumoniae infection found in the atheromatous lesions from patients in this study could potentially be used as markers to detect such infections and some may be virulence factors or immunogens specific to C pneumoniae, thus serving as target molecules for diagnostic use or therapeutic intervention. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611908 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611907&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F164%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This data represents new information on HPV-16 viral transcription events that bring into question some of the current beliefs on the mechanism of HPV-16 infection in the progression to cervical cancer. Results support high expression of the E5 and E7 oncogenes in cervical dysplasias infected by HPV-16 in contrast to the low levels identified for the E6 oncogene and a possible alternative transcript for the E2 gene. The diagnostic utility of the detection of HPV-16 RNA transcripts is becoming more apparent and a renewed look at their in situ localisation in cervical biopsies could be beneficial. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611907 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611906&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F159%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Macrophages are heterogeneous with different subsets having different functions. The present study suggests that overall macrophage numbers are not related to prognosis in breast cancer. However, further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of different subsets of macrophages. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611906 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611905&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F152%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Primary histopathological diagnosis of skin biopsies and resections can be done digitally using WSI. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611905 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611904&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F146%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Based on these findings, we propose that IL-17 may mediate the angiogenesis in a IL-6-Stat3-dependent manner and play an important role in the pathophysiology of hepatic haemangioma. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611904 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611903&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F140%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Our findings indicate, that in ampullary carcinomas, loss of expression of EpCAM may be linked to a more aggressive tumor phenotype. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611903 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611902&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F133%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, EGFR copy number increases are detectable in a substantial proportion of vulvar carcinomas with relationships to advanced tumour stages and the development of lymph node metastases. EGFR copy number aberrations are connected to other gene amplifications and probably define an human papillomaviruses-independent pathway in the development of vulvar carcinomas. These data support the potential utility of EGFR inhibitors as a therapeutic alternative in a subset of vulvar carcinomas. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611902 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611901&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F129%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion This study demonstrates that smoking is rarely cited on death certificates, even in cases where the causal link with smoking is very strong. There are many reasons why smoking is not cited on death certificates. One frequently cited reason is the reluctance of doctors to stigmatise the deceased. Interestingly, such reluctance did not extend to citing alcohol as a COD. By not recording smoking on death certificates doctors are failing to gather important epidemiological and pathological data. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611901 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611900&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F122%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion This study demonstrated for the first time that RKIP expression is lost during the carcinogenic evolution of endometrial tumours and that the loss of RKIP expression is associated with a malignant phenotype. Functional studies are needed to address the biological role of RKIP downregulation in endometrial cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611900 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611899&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F117%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Results suggest that p16 expression is an important predictive factor of LN metastasis in cervical cancer patients. Moreover, p16 overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 expression is of potential value for treatment planning in cervical carcinomas. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611899 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611898&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F114%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Processing all slices of each lymph node significantly increases laboratory workload and is of minimal clinical benefit. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611898 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611897&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F106%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions While most pathologists appear to follow published guidelines for reporting renal carcinoma, there is still a need for the development of consensus and further standardisation of practice for contentious areas of specimen handling and reporting. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611897 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611896&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F101%3Frss%3D1 This 14th best practice review is the second of a pair that examines tumour marker requesting primary care situations. This review considers carbohydrate antigen 125, α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. It is presented in question–answer format, referenced for each question. The recommendations represent a précis of guidance found using a standardised literature search of national and international guidance notes, consensus statements, health policy documents and evidence-based medicine reviews, supplemented by MEDLINE EMBASE searches to identify relevant primary research documents. They will be updated periodically to take into account new information. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611896 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611895&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F97%3Frss%3D1 This 13th best practice review examines tumour marker requesting primary care situations. The review is presented in question–answer format, referenced for each question. This review considers carcinoembryonic antigen carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (Ca15-3) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (Ca19-9). The recommendations represent a précis of guidance found using a standardised literature search of national and international guidance notes, consensus statements, health policy documents and evidence-based medicine reviews, supplemented by MEDLINE EMBASE searches to identify relevant primary research documents. They will be updated periodically to take account of new information. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611895 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507250&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F95-b%3Frss%3D1 This article has been withdrawn. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507250 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507249&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F95-a%3Frss%3D1 W S A Smellie, J Forth, D Bareford, et al. Best practice in primary care pathology: review 3. J Clin Pathol 2006;59:781–789. This paper was published with the DOI 10.1136/jcp.200X.033944. It was published Online First with the DOI of doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.033944, which is the correct DOI for this article. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507249 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507248&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F92%3Frss%3D1 Two cases are reported of rare digestive opportunistic parasites in patients being treated with alemtuzumab for lymphoid haematological malignancies. In both patients, classical biological examinations were insufficient to reach the diagnosis. Only specific parasitological techniques enabled diagnoses of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, respectively. In both cases, cellular immune reconstitution was sufficient to eradicate these opportunistic infections. In this context, parasitological diagnosis is often underestimated by medical practitioners, so immunologists and oncohaematologists need to be aware of this kind of opportunistic pathogen. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507248 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507247&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F87%3Frss%3D1 In advanced non-small-cell lung carcinomas epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS testing is often performed on cytology. Liquid-based cytology (LBC), which eliminates the need for slide preparation by clinicians, may be very useful. In 42 LBC DNA was extracted twice. One sample was obtained directly from CytoLyt solution, whereas the other DNA sample was derived after smear preparation and laser capture microdissection (LCM) of Papanicolaou-stained cells. EGFR and KRAS mutational analyses were performed by direct sequencing. On CytoLyt-derived DNA four EGFR (9%) and five KRAS (12%) gene mutations were found. When direct sequencing was performed after LCM, the rate of cases that displayed either EGFR or KRAS mutations increased from 21% to 40%. Although time-consuming, LCM makes ... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507247 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507246&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F83%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Previous exposure to antifungal therapy must be considered when interpreting either qPCR or galactomannan-based IA diagnostics as this study has shown that individual classes of antifungal agents impact upon the dynamics of antigen and DNA release into the circulation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507246 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507245&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F77%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The authors found various genomic gains and losses in MM by FISH analysis. The frequency of each genomic gain or loss examined in MM by FISH analysis almost agreed with the comparative genomic hybridisation technique in previous studies. This study suggests that genomic evaluation by FISH analysis might be helpful in distinguishing MM from benign mesothelial proliferation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507245 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507244&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F69%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion A predictive nomogram based on three histological criteria and surgical margin status can be used to calculate recurrence-free survival of an individual woman diagnosed with PT. This can be applied for patient counselling and clinical management. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507244 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507243&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F64%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These results suggest that co-expression of AR and ER can provide a protective effect based on phenotypical presentation of HER2-positive carcinomas. Furthermore, lack of both steroid hormone receptors characterises the most aggressive phenotype. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507243 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507242&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F58%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion A non-neuropathological cause of death in explained SUDI can be established from histological examination of lungs, heart, liver and kidneys. Significant histological abnormalities may be detected in selected organs with macroscopically normal appearances. Routine histological sampling of other organs in the absence of specific clinical history or macroscopic abnormalities has a low yield for establishing cause of death. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507242 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507241&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F51%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Across several geographical settings, sarcoidosis and infections are the most common causes of pulmonary granulomas diagnosed in pathological specimens. Fungi are more commonly identified than mycobacteria in the USA, whereas the reverse is true in other countries. A definite aetiology cannot be demonstrated in more than a third of all cases of pulmonary granulomas, even after histological examination. These findings highlight the need to submit material for histology as well as cultures in all cases in which granulomatous disease enters the differential diagnosis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507241 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507240&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F46%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions An early event of larynx cancer could be CRBP1 expression related to unmethylation of the promoter region. These features could also be associated with good response and survival. The authors hypothesised that increased expression and unmethylated promoter of the CRBP1 gene could be considered as markers for larynx cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507240 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507239&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F41%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion LMP1 expression is positively associated with metastasis in NPC, thus LMP1 detection in primary NPC might be an effective and feasible means to predict metastasis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507239 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507238&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F36%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions RANK expression might be an independent predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, and RANK expression does not associate with the prognosis in patients with visceral metastasis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507238 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507237&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F29%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Aurora-B protein expression frequently occurs in serous, FIGO stage III ovarian carcinomas, making it a ‘drugable’ molecular target in the majority of ovarian carcinoma patients. Moreover, Aurora-B protein expression is predictive for initial response to taxane-based 1st-CTx in optimal debulked, late stage ovarian carcinoma patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507237 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507236&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F20%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The possible significance of nanotubular aggregates, observed in particular in the glial and in the epithelial cells undergoing cytotoxic damage, is also discussed. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507236 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507235&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F14%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This is the first study on the validity of a quantitative analysis of internal MHC-I positive fibres for an IM diagnosis performed according to Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations. The interobserver agreement was almost perfect, thus making the method reproducible. Applying an MHC-I cut-off above 50% is an optimal marker for polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) diagnosis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507235 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507234&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F8%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Current sport guidelines that mandate at least 15 min of mechanical mixing are excessive. Except where specimens are presented to the instrument manually, mechanical mixing is redundant in the context of full blood counts. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507234 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507233&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 The majority of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with advanced disease, with targeted therapies providing some improvement in clinical outcomes. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which target the EGFR TK domain, have proven to be an effective treatment strategy; however, patient responses to treatment vary considerably. Therefore, the identification of patients most likely to respond to treatment is essential to optimise the benefit of TKIs. Tumour-associated activating mutations in EGFR can identify patients with NSCLC who are likely to have a good response to TKIs. Nonetheless, the majority of patients relapse within a year of starting treatment.... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507233 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424230&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1142-b%3Frss%3D1 Despite the relatively low incidence of infective endocarditis (IE), it is associated with significant morbidity and has a mortality of 20–26% during the initial hospital admission.1 Clinical diagnosis of IE is made using Duke's criteria,2 and histopathological examination (HPE) of resected valvular tissue (or embolic fragments) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of IE.3 However, it was felt that in our histopathology department, HPE is often requested to exclude IE in cases where there is no clinical suspicion of endocarditis, and in the literature, there is to be no definitive best-practice/evidence-based approach to when HPE of cardiac valves should be done. In 2009, we performed an audit examining the pattern of referral of cardiac valves to the department, and this incl... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424230 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424229&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1142-a%3Frss%3D1 We read with interest the article by Messenger et al1 describing current practice patterns for the assessment of venous invasion in colorectal cancer in Ontario, Canada. The authors highlight the low reporting rates of venous invasion across the region with 70% of pathologists identifying venous invasion in fewer than 10% of cases. Such rates are some way below the Royal College of Pathologists' minimum audit threshold of 25%. The authors report that pathologists who employed elastin stains in their practice had a higher rate of detection of venous invasion; however, there was little enthusiasm for the widespread application of such a technique. In our institution, a departmental audit of 75 colorectal cancer resections between 1997 and 2000 demonstrated a prevalence of venous invasion of ... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424229 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424228&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1139%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The new VCP2 assay is endowed with high sensitivity and specificity. VCP2-positive RA sera are mostly but not completely contained in the CCP-positive population. Studies are in progress to establish whether the VCP2 assay can detect clinically distinct subsets of patients with RA. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424228 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424227&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1136%3Frss%3D1 Morphological sub-classification of non-small cell carcinoma in small biopsy specimens presents difficulties for pathologists and recent advances in chemotherapy have resulted in increased pressure to more robustly differentiate between squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The results of audits examining classification of non-small cell lung carcinoma by pathologists working in a specialist team within a regional centre and the effect of introducing adjunct immunohistochemistry into the reporting pathway are presented. It is concluded that the use of a limited immunohistochemical panel substantially reduces the number of cases when a specific cell type cannot be identified or ‘favoured’ (34% to 6%) and that the classification obtained correlates well with that found in subseq... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424227 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424226&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1132%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion sBL is rare and mainly affects male children, with predominantly extranodal presentation. MUM1 expression was found in some sBLs. EBER expression was found in 29.4% of sBLs from southern China, an area with a well-known high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is closely associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424226 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424225&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1128%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Weighted show higher levels of agreement than previously reported as they have the advantage of applying weighting, which reflects the relative importance of different types of discordance in diagnosis or grading. Agreement on grading remained low. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424225 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424224&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1123%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The Iris iQ®200 Elite analyser has allowed us to obtain reliable results, equivalent to that of the manual method, for cell enumeration in biological fluids. Although the speed of this instrument needs to be improved for larger series of samples, it enables standardised and objective cytological results to be obtained and represents an alternative to the usual manual microscopic method. Moreover, automation of such analyses permits saving of technician time. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424224 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424223&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1117%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions EBUS-TBNA is a reliable method for the staging of lung cancer and for unexplained mediastinal mass exploration. The LBC has a lower rate of inadequate samples, a better yield of cytoblock for immunohistochemistry and a dramatically reduced time requirement for interpretation as compared to CM. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424223 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424222&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1112%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion HER2 genetic heterogeneity according to the ASCO/CAP definition is frequent in breast carcinoma, and is most often present in carcinomas with an equivocal (2+) HER2 score. Many carcinomas with HER2 genetic heterogeneity have a negative HER2 amplification status, although they contain a significant number of tumour cells with HER2 gene amplification. Single cell scoring of the HER2/17 centromeric probe (CEP17) ratio is necessary to identify carcinomas with HER2 genetic heterogeneity, because they lack specific clinicopathological characteristics. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424222 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424221&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1108%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion These findings suggest that variable phases in proliferation occur in metastases, and no conclusion of clinical insignificance can be made on the basis of small size. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424221 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424220&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1102%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The higher proportion of positive labelling of Syn, CD56, CgA, and NSE in SCCC implicated that they are valuably applied in a differential diagnosis of the malignancy. The patients with SCCC receive one to three types of therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and have a poor prognosis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424220 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424219&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1097%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The results of this study support existing reports that HER2 genomic amplification and protein overexpression are predominantly found in primary ovarian mucinous carcinomas. Given the perfect concordance between the FISH and dual-colour CISH assays and the advantages of CISH over FISH analysis, future clinical trials investigating the use of anti-HER2 therapeutics in ovarian carcinomas should incorporate dual-colour CISH as part of the HER2 status assessment algorithm. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424219 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424218&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1093%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The overall morphological appearances, especially in the context of a prior or current diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, may result in misdiagnosis as invasive squamous carcinoma. Pathologists should be aware of this pseudoneoplastic artefact so that an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy is not made. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424218 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424217&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1088%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions E- to N-cadherin switching, dissociation of β-catenin from the membrane, and increased expression of Snail and SPARC in SC indicate that SRCC is an example of EMT. High expression of N-cadherin and Snail in CC suggest early involvement in initiating EMT. Once EMT is established, loss of E-cadherin, release of β-catenin into the cytoplasm, and expression of SPARC correspond with mesenchymal phenotypic expression. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424217 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424216&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1083%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Based upon the results, it is concluded that HPV DNA may be present in HIV disease, but no association with immunosuppression, delivery, or medical records (CD4 cell count, viral load and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy) was observed, and no differences could be observed between the groups either. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424216 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424215&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1078%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion In LN-positive UCB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was not increased at the invasion front, suggesting an infiltration strategy independent of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Larger series are needed to detect a potential significant trend for favourable outcome in cancers with high MMP-2 expression. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424215 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424214&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1073%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Small LN detection increased the accuracy of N staging by 20% in this study. The incidence of metastasis was the same among the anterior, bilateral and posterior areas of the mesorectum. An increased incidence of mLN metastasis in small LNs was associated with more advanced T staging. mLN metastasis rates in both middle and low rectal cancer were higher in the distal mesorectum than that in the proximal mesorectum. LN number and density were not consistent with spread of the primary tumour. Distal mLNs were found in 35% of cases of both middle and distal rectal cancer, implying a need for TME in both. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424214 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424213&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1069%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Testing by CISH of all equivocal HER2 IHC(2+) test result provides a definitive guidance in HER2 targeted therapy in 95.1% of cases. A significant proportion (21.3%) of patients with equivocal IHC(2+) test results show amplification of the HER2 gene. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424213 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424212&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1064%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The abnormal modification of the decidual segment of the spiral arteries is identifiable at the time of the conventional histopathological placental evaluation and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. The identification of the cause of the unfavourable evolution of pregnancy is fundamental for parents, both for counselling and for prevention; the identification of ASAM in such pregnancies might provide additional valuable information. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424212 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424211&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1058%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions KS is a potentially useful marker for the supportive diagnosis of the primary site of metastatic carcinomas or unknown primary carcinomas, especially in the abdominal cavity. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424211 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424210&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1051%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Increased hPOT1 expression is associated with an advanced tumour stage. hPOT1 RNAi inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The effects of hPOT1 RNAi seem to be functionally linked to up-regulation of PinX1 and down-regulation of hTERT. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424210 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424209&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1042%3Frss%3D1 With an increasingly ageing population, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures is fast becoming an important public health problem placing a considerable economic burden on health service resources. This does not account for the substantial pain, disability and indeed mortality incurred after a fracture, particularly a hip fracture. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder which results from an imbalance in bone remodeling. This leads to a reduction in bone strength and increased susceptibility to fracture. It affects up to 1 in 2 women and 1 in 5 men. In the past 2 decades, there have been significant advances in bone biology which have helped in the understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and have led to improved therapies. In developing strategies for fracture pre... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424209 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424208&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F12%2F1039%3Frss%3D1 At present, there are only a handful of cardiac pathologists in the UK and we have recently had several retiring. There are no full time academic cardiac pathologists. Most pathologists carrying out autopsies will be familiar with the heart and ischaemic heart disease since this is the main cause of death in the developed world. However, when it comes to non-ischaemic heart disease, the general pathologist is on less firm ground. There has been a marked fall in hospital autopsy rates in both USA and UK1 and general pathologists are doing fewer cases during their training, so their knowledge is by necessity limited. It is useful to remember that pathologists found the study of the whole heart removed at autopsy gave them many of the advances in congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies and... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424208 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5424208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338822&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1037-b%3Frss%3D1 This article has been withdrawn. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338822 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338821&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1037-a%3Frss%3D1 We read with interest the report by Tsitsikas and colleagues about the attitudes of relatives to autopsy in a division of lymphoid malignancies.1 Their report shows that the attitude of the general public is positive overall and translates into high autopsy rates when the value of the examination is presented honestly and the details of the procedure are adequately explained. We would like to add to this interesting report our previous experience from a prospective opinion survey about the consent of patients for their own autopsy.2 Interestingly, Tsitsikas and colleagues had an 89% consent rate to autopsy when asking relatives; close to their findings, when we used a questionnaire, 86% of the individuals and 94.6% of health professionals were not opposed to their own autopsy.2 The reasons... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338821 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338820&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1035%3Frss%3D1 Mast cell sarcoma is an extremely rare mast cell proliferative disorder characterised by localised tumour, destructive growth and poor prognosis. Here we describe a case of mast cell sarcoma arising in the small intestine. To the best of our knowledge, so far only four cases have been reported in literature, presenting in the larynx, ascending colon, cerebrum and tibia.1–5 Case report An elderly man presented with a 1.5-month history of abdominal pain. On examination, there was no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood counts were normal except for mild anaemia. Serum lactate dehydrogenase was normal. CT abdomen showed a circumferential thickening of the wall of the ileum, with dilatation of bowel loops and a few enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The patient underwent... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338820 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338819&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1034%3Frss%3D1 This study is the first report of bilateral TH related to trauma or AIT and the first autopsy report on death associated with AIT. Case report A middle-aged man with a 15-year history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was referred to one of us (KO) 2 years ago. He presented with thrombocytopenia, without changes in the bone marrow... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338819 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338818&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1032%3Frss%3D1 We describe the first case of double-hit lymphoma that revealed morphologic and immunophenotypic features of both DLBCL and precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-ALL), further highlighting the dilemma in diagnosis and treatment of DHL because of its broad morphologic and immunophenotypic spectrum. Case report A 43-year-old male came to medical attention because of a cough, sore throat, dysphagia and a 20-pound weight... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338818 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338817&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1029%3Frss%3D1 Sufficient tissue yield is essential for renal biopsy. We have developed a simple automated renal biopsy device (Chen device) that constantly obtains more tissue. Since the Bard device is extensively used around the world, we compared our device with the Bard device. Pediatric patients were biopsied with either the Chen (n=247) or Bard (n=200) devices. No major complications were encountered and the incidence of minor complications was comparable between two devices. However, the average length of tissue obtained by the Chen device per biopsy (1.78±0.73 cm) was significantly longer than that obtained by the Bard device (1.23±0.45 cm). Accordingly, 61.94% of biopsies with the Chen device had 20 or more glomeruli, whereas only 18% of biopsies with the Bard device had this numbe... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338817 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338816&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1025%3Frss%3D1 The authors audited the value of toxicology/histology and reporting standards in sudden death autopsy cases in individuals with epilepsy/seizures. Of 83 cases with epilepsy/seizures and no macroscopically obvious cause of death, 40 had no history of drug/alcohol abuse. Toxicological analysis was performed in 11/40 (28%) and did not contribute to the cause of death in any. Conversely, in individuals with epilepsy with known drug/alcohol abuse and cases with a history of seizures related to drug/alcohol abuse, toxicological analysis was performed in 17/22 (77%) and 14/21 (67%), contributing to the causes of death in 8/17 (47%) and 10/14 (71%), respectively. Details of seizures were poorly reported, possibly due to a lack of information from the coroner's office, while autopsy findings were r... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338816 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338815&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1021%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The result classifies the M541L variant of c-kit exon 10 as a single nucleotide polymorphism. Because its prevalence does not differ between the AF and general populations, an association with AF tumourigenesis is unlikely. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338815 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338814&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1019%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Order of draw of blood samples using the Sarstedt Safety Monovette system has no effect on serum biochemistry results, when samples are taken by an experienced phlebotomist. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338814 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338813&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1014%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The new PPL and MDM determinants offer enhanced sensitivity when evaluating β-lactam hypersensitivity; however, there are limitations to the current testing regimens. The UK would benefit from local guidelines, which incorporate the new reagents and acknowledge the high amoxicillin prescription rate and the relatively lower specialist-to-patient ratio in this country. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338813 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338812&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1010%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions According to our results, an aberrant methylation pattern does not seem to play a crucial role in MPN pathogenesis; nor does it justify phenotypical differences between PV and ET. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338812 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338811&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1005%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Postmortem blood and bile acylcarnitine profiles are influenced by several variables, and PMI can influence MS/MS acylcarnitine results. Metabolic disease may present as SUDI and may be identified from postmortem samples. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338811 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338810&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F1001%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The presence of FEA on core biopsy warrants further tissue sampling to ensure concomitant malignancy is not missed. Sampling with VAB provides sufficient tissue for histopathological evaluation, reducing the need for surgical biopsy. It is important that the utilisation of VAB is incorporated into a safe patient management pathway with careful multidisciplinary team discussion to ensure radiological–pathological concordance. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338810 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338809&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F995%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion This study provides clinical evidence which further demonstrates that ILC and IDC are biologically distinct entities with different lymph-node involvement patterns and ILC having a tendency to metastasise to more nodes than IDC. However, this difference was not associated with a significant impact on patient outcome. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338809 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338808&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F990%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Reduced expression of DSC2 is independently correlated with shorter patient survival, higher tumour grading and positive lymph node status in PDAC and could serve as a prognostic marker. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338808 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338807&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F983%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Self-reported VI detection rates are low among most pathologists. Even among specialist GI pathologists practicing in university-affiliated centres, few reported a detection rate close to that recommended by the RCPath. Strategies to increase the detection of VI may be required. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338807 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338806&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F977%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions CTHRC1 and periostin play important roles in breast cancer progression. These preliminary results show that combined evaluation of CTHRC1 and periostin could serve as a potential marker for breast cancer bone metastasis; the other observations contribute to the description of the tumour microenvironment, with implications for lymph node and bone metastasis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338806 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338805&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F973%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Some MOGCTs develop on the background of gonadal mosaicism and gonadal dysgenesis. Bilateral oophorectomy may be indicated in patients with these disorders because they are at risk of developing an MOGCT on the contralateral gonad. Moreover, this chromosomal abnormality is hardly found by routine methods, and the abnormality is more easily sought in MOGCT cells by means of RQ-PCR. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338805 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338804&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F968%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Balanced interaction among TNF α inhibition by infliximab, syndecan 1 migration, bFGF repair modulation and final adhesion molecule reversal to its normal location might represent a suitable molecular pathway of endoscopic mucosal healing in UC. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338804 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338803&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F960%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The alcohol-based non-crosslinking fixatives performed better than crosslinking fixatives with regard to DNA and RNA yield, quality and applicability in molecular diagnostics. Given the higher yield, less starting material may be necessary, thereby increasing the applicability of biopsies for molecular studies. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338803 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338802&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F953%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The survivin, survivinEx3, survivin2B and survivin2α splice variants were significantly elevated in astrocytoma, and were associated with tumour grade and poorer prognosis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338802 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338801&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F947%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions While no significant difference in OS was observed between EGFR exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation, EGFR exon 19 deletion was predictive of longer PFS following EGFR TKI treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338801 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338800&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F11%2F937%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions CD44+CD24–/low and ALDH1+ phenotypes seem to identify CSC with distinct levels of differentiation. It seems that the paramount method and biomarkers that identify breast CSC within the distinct molecular subtypes need to be better explored, because it is pivotal to translate the CSC concept to clinical practice. In the future, the recognition of reliable markers to distinguish the CSC pool in each molecular subtype will be decisive for the development of specific target therapies. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338800 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240953&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F936%3Frss%3D1 Pathologists typically consider the presence of extraneous cells in the perineural space as malignant invasion, but as Salman and Green have recently highlighted in this journal, benign and non-neoplastic epithelium can extend into the perineural space on occasions.1 In addition to the organs they identified as being involved in this process, the skin should also be included. Benign cells in the perineural space can be associated with melanocytic naevi, trichofolliculomas, granular cell tumours and the rare epithelial sheath neuroma, for example.2 Furthermore, during wound repair, epithelium probably derived from eccrine glands, and on occasion hair follicles, may be implanted into the perineural space—so-called re-excision perineural invasion (figure 1). This can be challenging to d... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240953 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240952&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F935%3Frss%3D1 We report the case of a 51-year-old... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240952 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240951&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F933%3Frss%3D1 Introduction The trichomonad species Pentatrichomonas hominis colonises the gastrointestinal tract and is generally considered as a commensal organism in humans. However, some studies have recognised an association between diarrhoea and P hominis infection in dogs and cats.1 2 In the present report, we have identified this species using molecular tools in two patients with gastrointestinal troubles. Our data suggest that P hominis is a possible zoonotic species with a significant potential of transmission by water and could be the causative agent of intestinal symptoms in children. Case reports An adult (case 1) was followed up for different pathologies including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Diarrhoeic stools of the patient were examined and were negative for intestinal parasites. Filte... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240951 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240950&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F930%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions From the PT/INR Line, INR values for local PT results are easily obtained using an Excel spreadsheet from our website (http://www.anticoagulants.co.uk/) which does not require the complex linear regression analysis to derive INR. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240950 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240949&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F927%3Frss%3D1 Bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacilli, can develop abnormal morphology after the administration of subinhibitory concentrations of antibacterial agents. Filamentation is a common response in which bacteria replicate but incompletely divide, leading to long slender chains that resemble fungal hyphae. Pathologists are frequently consulted to examine direct smears of body fluids, which often contain microorganisms. Antibiotic-related filamentous morphology may resemble fungal hyphae and this potential misinterpretation can lead to inappropriate treatment for presumed fungal infections. Two cases are described in which direct smears of body fluids were examined by on-call pathology residents who misinterpreted filamentous bacteria as fungal organisms, with one case leading to the initia... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240949 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240948&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F924%3Frss%3D1 Late-stage ovarian carcinoma is almost universally fatal. BRCA mutations are associated with an improved outcome and enhanced sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy, yet recurrence and platinum resistance remain a major problem and highly effective regimens following platinum failure do not yet exist. Here we report a remarkable case of cure following platinum-resistant stage III ovarian carcinoma in a woman with a BRCA2 mutation. The patient was subsequently treated with oral melphalan therapy and has not recurred in over 25 years. Melphalan is a bifunctional alkylator that creates inter- and intra-strand DNA cross-links. In a pharmaceutical screen, melphalan was shown to be selectively toxic to BRCA2-deficient breast cancer cell lines and produced a longer relapse-free survival in mic... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240948 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240947&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F921%3Frss%3D1 The need to accurately identify tissue of an individual can arise in a variety of settings including mislabelled slides or sample carryover. Reported rates of carryover range from 0.6% to 2.9% of slides depending on the methods of evaluation. Carryover becomes particularity clinically important when malignant tissue is found in an otherwise benign sample. The suspicion of malignancy causes immense psychological stress to the patient and results in additional management costs due to the additional investigations required to rule out malignancy. Proving a negative can be difficult and many cases result in lifelong follow-up for the patient. Molecular techniques such as PCR amplification of simple tandem repeat (STR) sequences can be used to identify tissue and hence its provenance. At Univer... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240947 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240946&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F916%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion APRI is a useful marker to screen liver fibrosis in the primary care setting when TE is not available. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240946 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240945&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F911%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The growing interest in the complex cascade of events occurring in angiogenesis will provide useful insights for therapeutic strategies. The expression of PI-PLC isoforms in HUVEC is a useful tool for further studies directed to understanding their role in angiogenesis. However, although HUVEC represent a widely used experimental model for human macrovascular EC, limitations remain in that they cannot fully represent the metabolic properties and interactions of the EC distributed in the entire organism. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240945 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240944&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F905%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Adding LNA probes to existing assays is a simple way to enhance and confirm the detection of mutations, especially those at low levels. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240944 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240943&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F901%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Parasites present in small numbers that would be detected using the Midi Parasep concentrator with ethyl acetate could be missed using the SF faecal parasite system. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240943 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240942&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F898%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The detection of evidence of undiagnosed diabetes during HPLC haemoglobinopathy investigations is not rare, there being four cases per month in this study. This incidental observation should be reported to clinical staff. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240942 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240941&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F893%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions CCRCC with high PAI-1 expression is characterised by older age, high nuclear grade, advanced stage, distant metastasis and/or shortened disease-free survival. PAI-1 expression is not affected by the promoter 4G/5G polymorphism. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240941 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240940&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F884%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The result of EGFR IHC is not a suitable criterion for reliably selecting patients for anti-EGFR treatment. In contrast, molecular diagnostic methods for EGFR and KRAS mutation detection and EGFR ISH may be reliably performed with high accuracy, allowing treatment decisions for lung cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240940 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240939&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F880%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Dual-colour CISH is an excellent alternative for the evaluation of HER2 genomic status in gastric cancers. Determination of HER2 status by HER2 IHC alone in limited gastric biopsy samples results in a high false-negative rate, and diagnostic accuracy appears to be improved if HER2 genomic testing, either alone or concurrently with IHC, is performed for HER2 testing. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240939 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240938&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F875%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This suggests that p63 is of clinical utility in SNNS and that CK19 is unsuitable for early tongue carcinoma. Further studies are needed before clinical application of these markers. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240938 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240937&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F870%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The expression of hCG and hPL, but not CK7 or HLA-G, by the endothelium of proliferating IH supports a placental chorionic villous mesenchymal core cellular origin for IH rather than a trophoblast origin. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240937 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240936&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F866%3Frss%3D1 We examined a series of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and other mesenchymal tumors for BCL-6 expression. Immunohistochemistry for BCL-6 was performed on 64 mesenchymal tumors [26 SFT (19 benign/uncertain, 7 malignant), 6 synovial sarcomas (SS), 5 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), 5 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), 5 leiomyosarcomas (LMS), 9 leiomyomas (LM) 4 desmoid tumors (DT), 4 perineuriomas (PN)]. Nuclear immunoreactivity was considered positive. Six BCL-6 positive SFT were also tested for BCL-6 gene rearrangement/amplification by FISH. Nuclear expression of BCL-6 was seen in 13/26 SFT, 5/5 LMS, 1/9 LM, 5/6 SS, 1/5 GIST, 1/5 MPNST, 1/4 PN, and 0/5 DT. BCL-6 expression was significantly more frequent in malignant (6/7) as compared with benign/uncertain SFT (6/19) (... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240936 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240935&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F862%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The decision support system developed in the present study holds promise, given the high accuracy in diagnosis of glomerular diseases on the basis of clinical, histological and immunofluorescence features. Such a system may prove useful not only for diagnosis but also for postgraduate teaching and self-assessment. Results need to be confirmed in further larger studies. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240935 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240934&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F858%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Based on an overall analysis, WBN displayed the highest clinical efficacy compared with FNA and imprint, and demonstrated adequate safety for confirming the appropriate diagnosis and management of patients, ensuring the efficacy of the service. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240934 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240933&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F853%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Claudin 7 and 11 were not expressed in LS and SCC. However, there was no significant difference in expression of any of the claudins between the LS and SCC samples. Furthermore, p53 expression is the highest in SCC patients and lowest in the control group. However, expression of p53 did not vary between samples from isolated LS and LS associated SCC patients, suggesting that increased p53 expression is not the determining factor in the progression of LS lesions to SCC. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240933 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240932&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F850%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Results suggest that TET2 promoter methylation, but not TET2 mutation, may be an alternative mechanism of pathogenesis in a small fraction of low-grade diffuse gliomas lacking IDH1/2 mutations. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240932 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240931&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F845%3Frss%3D1 have been developed to meet the diagnostic goals set by the universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI). The analytical advantages of sensitive troponin assays include improved analytical imprecision at concentrations below the 99th percentile and the ability to define a reference distribution fully. Clinically, the improved sensitivity translates into the ability to diagnosis MI earlier, possibly within 3 h from admission and the ability to use the rate of change of troponin ( troponin) for diagnosis. Very sensitive assays may, in appropriately selected populations (perhaps with the addition of troponin), allow diagnosis on hospital admission or within 1–2 h of admission. An elevated troponin level occurring in patients without suspected acute coronary syndromes ha... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240931 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240930&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F10%2F835%3Frss%3D1 The discovery of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in gliomas is one example of the large impact that next-generation sequencing is having on the understanding of tumour biology and human disease in general. IDH mutations are early and common events in the development of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. IDH mutations are also found in some myeloid malignancies and soft tissue tumours, but are rare in other malignancies. IDH mutation detection can be incorporated into routine pathology practice via immunohistochemistry and/or standard sequencing techniques and has great diagnostic value. An emerging theme is that IDH mutation status in gliomas is of great prognostic relevance, and there are proposals to include IDH mutation status in the next iteration of the W... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240930 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149042&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F833-c%3Frss%3D1 As recently as 2006, to the exclusion of any mention of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was the sole parameter selected for triggering evaluation of iron status in patients with microcytic anaemia.1 This strategy was, arguably, attributable to the advice emanating from the WHO guideline Assessing the Iron Status of Populations, which recommended MCV as an indicator of iron deficiency on the basis of the fact that ‘MCV indicates whether RBCs are smaller than usual (microcytic) which is a common sign of iron deficiency anaemia...’.2 Accordingly, the observation that ‘the MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin) rather than mean corpuscular volume (MCV) has become the most important red cell marker for detecting ID (iron deficiency) in circulating... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149042 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149041&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F833-b%3Frss%3D1 Notwithstanding the statement by the authors that patients should be considered to have anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD) with true iron deficiency (ACD+ID) when, in addition to other diagnostic parameters, they have ‘a serum ferritin concentration >30 ng/ml and <100 ng/ml’,1 it is well recognised that, in the presence of a prolonged inflammatory state, such as the one generated in cancer,2 serum ferritin levels of the order of 142 ng/ml, 160 ng/ml and 356 ng/ml, respectively, may be found despite chronic blood loss attributable to the neoplasm itself, especially where the neoplasm has a long asymptomatic phase, as may be the case in right-sided colon cancer.3 Even serum ferritin levels as high as 480 ng/ml may occur in patients with colorec... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149041 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149040&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F833-a%3Frss%3D1 We acknowledge the interest and the comments by Jolobe1 2 with regard to our review papers on iron metabolism, iron deficiency and iron overload.3 4 First, in relation to the role of mean corpuscular haemoglobin the Jolobe's suggestions are welcomed. However, due to a limitation of space an exhaustive review of each variable was obviously beyond the scope of our review. Second, as rule ‘a serum ferritin concentration >30 ng/ml and <100 ng/ml’ in the context of anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD) with true iron deficiency (ACD+ID) suggests ACD+ID with a good diagnostic value (good sensitivity and specificity). Obviously there are exceptions, and cases with ACD+ID with serum ferritin higher than 1000 ng/ml have been observed. However, in the diagnosis of ACD+I... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149040 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149039&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F829%3Frss%3D1 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target in a number of settings in solid malignancies, but its role in breast cancer has remained unclear and controversial. In 810 primary breast cancers derived from patients suitable for cytotoxic chemotherapy, EGFR was prospectively measured and interactions with tumour and clinical correlates were tested to observe whether postulated cross-talk mechanisms are likely to modulate breast cancer metastasis and proliferation. A minority (79 tumours, 9.8%) were EGFR positive; in a multivariate analysis the likelihood of being EGFR positive was significantly increased for patients with grade 3 disease, compared with grade 1 (OR 15.6; 95% CI 2 to 122, p=0.0001), and for oestrogen receptor-negative status compared with positive (OR 24... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149039 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149038&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F822%3Frss%3D1 Triple-negative breast cancers account for 12–17% of all invasive breast carcinomas and comprise a heterogeneous group of tumours, with varying histological features and clinical behaviours. Focal apocrine differentiation can be associated with a subset of these lesions. To establish whether morphological diversity is associated with divergent genetic aberrations the genomic profiles of microdissected, morphologically distinct components from an invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type with triple-negative phenotype and a region of apocrine differentiation were determined by high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation and validated by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation. Morphologically distinct components were found to harbour differing genetic aberrations,... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149038 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149037&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F820%3Frss%3D1 A case of septic arthritis post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction secondary to Clostridium sporogenes is described in a 19-year-old man. C sporogenes is a rare clinical pathogen and this is believed to be the first case of septic arthritis due to the organism. The patient responded to arthroscopic washout, synovectomy and combination antibiotic therapy. A review of the literature is also presented. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149037 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149036&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F818%3Frss%3D1 This report describes a simple method of preparing cell blocks from fluids submitted for cytology, using croutons of gelatin foam surgical dressing material. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149036 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149035&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F814%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion In Singapore and countries with similar demographics, hereditary thrombophilia screening should be confined to testing for protein C, protein S and antithrombin III. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149035 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149034&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F809%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Results of this trial suggest that the use of a powered bone marrow biopsy device significantly reduces needle insertion pain and procedural time when compared to a manual technique. The superior size and overall quality of core specimens retrieved by the powered device provides more material for pathologic evaluation, thereby increasing diagnostic yield and reducing the need for repeat procedures. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149034 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149033&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F802%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions FISH analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections is a highly reproducible technique with an excellent success rate for the detection of genetic abnormalities which will play an increasingly important role in improving risk stratification of patients with HG-BNHL. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149033 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149032&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F793%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion INA expression study can be helpful for glioma typing and prognosis determination in combination with other markers. Nevertheless, INA immunohistochemistry cannot replace the genomic analysis to determine 1p19q and 10p10q status. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149032 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149031&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F788%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion SEC can present on the trunk and are not limited to the head and neck region. In addition to syringoma-like tadpole structures and glandular differentiation, these tumours can also exhibit squamoid and cribriform growth patterns. Immunostaining in SEC is variable and this variability is believed to stem from this tumour's ability to differentiate along multiple routes, including sweat secretory and/or ductal differentiation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149031 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149030&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F781%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions For women ≤35 years, TP53 mutations, Ki67 and HER2 expressions are strong prognostic factors. The limited prognostic value of hormone receptors suggests that the prognostic markers used in age-unspecified breast cancer may not be completely fit for this population. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149030 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149029&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F776%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Intranuclear inclusions of breast epithelium are likely of cytoplasmic origin. Helioid bodies may be formed by a stepwise process, the nature of which needs further study. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149029 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149028&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F771%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Elevated number of intraepithelial CD45–BMDCs at lymphoid aggregates suggests that BMDCs play a role in epithelial regeneration and that lymphoid aggregates serve as their migration route. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149028 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149027&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F765%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The study shows that metastases of squamous carcinoma from unknown primary have decreased VEGF expression at the immunohistochemical and protein level. They also display decreased expression of the VEGF121 and VEGF165 isoforms. Hence, these tumours are of a low angiogenic phenotype. They are able to develop a metastatic phenotype and grow at the metastatic site, since angiogenesis is redundant for lymph-node metastasis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149027 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149026&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F761%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions In this training programme, the model of apprenticeship training leads to less than optimal standardisation of gross examination practices, inefficiency, active errors and a high frequency of latent conditions leading to error. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149026 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149025&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F756%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These results suggest that cinacalcet may induce specific qualitative alterations of hyperplastic parathyroid glands in patients with severe SHPT. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149025 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149024&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F751%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The results suggest that centromere protein F and survivin are malignant behaviour markers for CRGISTs. The expression of centromere protein F or survivin points to a poor clinical outcome. Interfering with centromere protein F and/or survivin expression might be a potentially therapeutic strategy for treating malignant CRGISTs. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149024 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149023&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F742%3Frss%3D1 Barrett's oesophagus is important as a precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma via a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. It is often detected on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In the absence of glandular dysplasia the risk of progression to cancer is low but ascertainment of dysplasia is not always straightforward. Sparse mucosal sampling may miss dysplasia, or reactive changes may be overinterpreted due to inter and intraobserver variation. Low-grade and even high-grade dysplasia do not necessarily progress, provided prevalent cancer has been rigorously excluded. This indeterminacy motivates an ongoing search for clinically useful predictive biomarkers. Although many genetic and epigenetic abnormalities have been associated with neoplastic progression in Barrett's mucosa no molecu... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149023 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149022&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F9%2F737%3Frss%3D1 Follicular patterned lesions of the thyroid are problematic and interpretation is often subjective. While thyroid experts are comfortable with their own criteria and thresholds, those encountering these lesions sporadically have a degree of uncertainty with a proportion of cases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of proper diligent sampling of an encapsulated thyroid lesion (in totality in many cases), examination for capsular and vascular invasion, and finally the assessment of nuclear changes that are pathognomonic of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Based on these established criteria, an algorithmic approach is suggested using known, accepted terminology. The importance of unequivocal, clear-cut nuclear features of PTC as opposed to inconclusive features is st... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149022 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043038&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F734%3Frss%3D1 We present an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study on disseminated PMH extending beyond the trunk. No Propionibacterium colonisation of skin was found despite extensive examination. The evidence for a bacterial origin is discussed in consideration of the literature. A 29-year-old Romanian female patient (skin phototype III), who had relocated to Germany 8 years earlier, presented with a mottled hypopigmentation... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043038 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043037&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F733%3Frss%3D1 We report a case of fetal myocarditis in which a PCR study of cardiac tissue showed the presence of HHV-6. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of HHV-6 infection in utero associated with myocarditis and congenital heart abnormality. A 15-year-old primigravida at 22 weeks gestation was referred to our Hospital due to fetal dilated cardiomyopathy. Her past medical history was irrelevant without febrile illness... (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043037 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043036&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F729%3Frss%3D1 Within the placenta, most centrally placed intervillous thrombi are thought to form at sites of foetomaternal haemorrhage, while parabasally located intervillous thombi have been linked to maternal vascular disease. To determine whether parabasally located haemorrhagic lesions were morphologically heterogeneous, the authors performed a retrospective review of 25 placentas with thrombohaematomas occurring in the vicinity of the basal plate. Using morphological criteria, two lesions were distinguished: (1) the parabasally located intervillous thrombus, which had all the morphological features of more centrally located intervillous thrombi; and (2) the rounded intraplacental haematoma. Rounded intraplacental haematomas form as a result of disruption of vasculopathic decidual arterioles in a s... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043036 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043035&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F725%3Frss%3D1 This report presents 11 examples of a form of organising thrombotic process that develops as a plaque on the foetal aspect of the basal plate. Originally identified in the placenta of a foetus showing severe intrauterine growth restriction, further examples of this lesion, which we term a ‘basal plate plaque’, show a spectrum of placental involvement. Small lesions appear to occur at points of localised stasis at the basal plate (eg, at edges of anchoring villi or in small basal plate depressions). Large areas of involvement, as seen in the original case, may be pathological markers of more generalised disturbances in placental circulation or of hypercoagulability in the intervillous space. Large basal plate plaques may therefore prove to be diagnostically significant and shoul... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043035 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043034&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F722%3Frss%3D1 Enteroviruses commonly infect the gastrointestinal tract, and replication of enteroviruses has been well documented in the Peyer patches of the small bowel. Chronic enterovirus infection has been found in the stomach and terminal ileum of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. The authors report the unexpected finding of enterovirus VP1 protein, by immunoperoxidase staining, in carcinoid tumours found in one patient with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and another patient with chronic lower quadrant abdominal pain, and suggest a possible association between enteroviruses and tumorigenesis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043034 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043033&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F718%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions GDM is a common metabolic condition in Nigeria. Onset before the 24th week of pregnancy is not uncommon. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043033 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043032&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F711%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Here, the authors show that PMCT is good at providing accurate causes of death and that the interpretation of cases is not significantly altered by the absence of histology. The authors show that in straightforward trauma deaths such as road traffic incidents, there exists the potential for the replacement of the invasive PM by PMCT examination. However, as yet, PMCT cannot provide all of the information that is expected by the criminal justice system in complex forensic cases. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043032 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043031&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F706%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions While there is general agreement in interpretation of PM microbiology findings in some SUDI scenarios, no consensus was achieved for any clinical setting, and variation in the presumed significance between specialists was apparent. In the absence of appropriate evidence-based guidelines, this has practical implications for the management of such deaths in a multidisciplinary setting. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043031 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043030&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F701%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Our findings indicate that CD51 expression alone is not sufficient for immunocytochemical identification of osteoclasts, which do not express the macrophage-associated antigens CD14 and HLA-DR. Giant cells in most giant cell-rich lesions of bone have an osteoclast phenotype, suggesting that they are formed from mononuclear phagocyte osteoclast precursors. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043030 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043029&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F695%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This study demonstrated that expression of RelA and c-Rel proteins represents a reliable prognostic marker of retinoblastoma and that NF-B is related to retinoblastoma tumorigenesis and progression through a non-conventional pathway. This data suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting NF-B combined with other therapies may represent a novel approach to retinoblastoma therapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043029 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043028&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F689%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Ezrin independently predicts development of local recurrences and metastases in soft tissue sarcomas. The possibility of preoperative evaluation makes ezrin a potential marker for identification of high-risk sarcoma patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043028 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043027&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F683%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The inverse correlation of p-mTOR and 14-3-3 expression supports the role of 14-3-3 as an inhibitor of p-mTOR activity in the prostate. The extent of 14-3-3 and mTOR expression in an individual patient with prostate cancer would determine how effective the use of mTOR inhibitors would be as potential therapeutic agents. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043027 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043026&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F677%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion Global DNA hypomethylation is an early molecular event in Hp-related gastric carcinogenesis. Further studies with more cases and a longer follow-up are needed to establish the potential GC predictive role of DNA hypomethylation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043026 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043025&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F672%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The data hint at the cell-surface carbohydrate Lewisy antigen as a so far neglected diagnostically useful marker to aid in the histological classification of conventionally equivocal flat urothelial lesions of the bladder in contemporary surgical pathology practice. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043025 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043024&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F666%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion The most likely explanation for latency in this setting is the inability of uveal melanoma cells in metastatic sites to grow. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043024 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043023&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F660%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Bile ductules proliferate in various hepatobiliary diseases, and its significance is still unknown. This study demonstrated that BECs in bile ductules could produce MCP-1, particularly, via biliary innate immunity, suggesting that MCP-1 derived from BECs plays an important role in the recruitment of HSCs to interface areas and the activation of HSCs resulting in the progression of periportal fibrosis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043023 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043022&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F654%3Frss%3D1 Histiocytoid breast carcinoma is an uncommon entity that is mostly regarded as a variant of lobular carcinoma. Its occurrence with apocrine lobular carcinoma in situ and consistent expression of gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 suggest apocrine differentiation. Its recognition is often challenging, particularly when histiocytoid tumour cells occur in a metastatic site before the primary diagnosis of breast carcinoma, or in limited core biopsy or cytology material. In the breast, its bland histological appearances can lead to a benign diagnosis. Clues to the correct conclusion include finding tumour cells with more cytological atypia, the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles and secretions, coexistence with more traditional invasive lobular carcinoma patterns and/or lobular neoplasia, and ... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043022 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043021&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F8%2F649%3Frss%3D1 These guidelines supplement existing guidelines on HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridisation(ISH) methods in the UK. They provide a specific focus on aspects of guidance relevant to HER2 ISH testing methods, both fluorescent and chromogenic. They are formulated to give advice on methodology, interpretation and quality control for ISH-based testing of HER2 status in common tumour types, including both breast and gastric tumours. The aim is to ensure that all ISH-based testing is accurate, reliable and timely. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology) Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043021 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940423&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F7%2F647%3Frss%3D1 An extremely low birthweight neonate, born at 23 weeks' gestation weighing 600 g, developed eustachian valve endocarditis as a complication of neonatal intensive care. In addition to the presence of intraumbilical lines and percutaneous long lines, there was also evidence of maternal chorioamnionitis. Current first-line therapies for presumed infection on this neonatal unit are amoxicillin and gentamicin usually given for up to 5 days. By the third week of life, following clinical deterioration, rising infection markers (C reactive protein and white cell count), a fall in platelets and three serial blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus haemolyticus, endocarditis was suspected. A diagnosis of endocarditis was confirmed on echocardiography to involve the eustachian valve ... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940423 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940422&cid=s_28429_32_f&fid=28429&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjcp.bmj.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F64%2F7%2F645%3Frss%3D1 Fetal haemoglobin (HbF) is an established tumour marker of erythroid lineage in various malignancies, including leukaemia.1 -Globin gene reactivation has been found to occur during the differentiation of various leukaemia cell lines,2–4 suggesting that leukaemia blasts, unlike their normal analogous cells, have the potential to differentiate into HbF cells. To assess this hypothesis, as well as to observe the distribution of HbF cells in malignant conditions, we performed the present immunohistochemical study in the bone marrow and spleen of leukaemia patients. The programme of research, including studies on archival and stored materials, was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the East London and City Health Authority. Histopathological specimens included bone marrow trephi... Journal of Clinical Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940422 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940422