MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Communication Disorders' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 10:37:43 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668059&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22305772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagle KF, Eadie TL Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether: (a) inexperienced listeners can reliably judge listener effort and (b) whether listener effort provides unique information beyond speech intelligibility or acceptability in tracheoesophageal speech. Twenty inexperienced listeners made judgments of speech acceptability and amount of effort required to listen to 14 male tracheoesophageal speakers using a paired comparison paradigm. Intelligibility was controlled to limit the analysis to the relationship between ratings of listener effort and speech acceptability. Results showed that as a group, inexperienced listeners reliably rated both speech acceptability and listener effort. In addition, ratings of speech acceptability and listener effort wer... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668059 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5668059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668060&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22284613%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes as toward stuttering of adult males and females, as measured by the POSHA-S, are very similar. Learning outcomes: Readers of this article should be able to: describe the framework for reporting the results of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S); describe similarities and differences between attitudes toward stuttering of adult males and females on the POSHA-S. PMID: 22284613 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668060 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5668060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5617607&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261305%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the degree of semantic impairment mediates the typicality effect in persons with aphasia depending on the structure of the category. Learning outcomes: After reading this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Describe the typicality effect and in which populations it occurs. (2) Explain how the typicality effect might change depending on category structure. (3) Understand how semantic impairment influences category representation and/or access. PMID: 22261305 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5617607 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5617607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5593434&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22225571%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the phonological representations that children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing peers (TD) have during the initial process of word learning. The goals of this study were to determine if children with SLI attended to different components of words than peers, and whether they were more vulnerable to interference than peers. Forty 7- and 8-year-old children, half with SLI, took part in a fast mapping, word learning task. In addition to producing the word, there was a mispronunciation detection task that included mispronunciations of the target word in the initial position, final position or that modified the word's syllable structure. Children with SLI showed a different learning profile than peers, demonstrating stronger representations of ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5593434 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5593434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557546&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: St Louis KO Abstract This paper summarizes research associated with the development of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S), a survey instrument designed to provide a worldwide standard measure of public attitudes toward stuttering. Pilot studies with early experimental prototypes of the POSHA-S are summarized that relate to questionnaire rating scale prototypes, test-retest reliability, construct validity, item analysis and final item selection, translation to other languages, internal consistency, sampling procedures, manner of administration, and sample size. Future research and public service uses of the POSHA-S are discussed, especially for comparisons using its growing database archive. Learning outcomes: Readers of this article should b... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557546 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557545&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lau SR, Beilby JM, Byrnes ML, Hennessey NW Abstract Parental input has been described as influential in early childhood stuttering yet the exact nature of this influence remains equivocal. The present study aimed to examine whether quantitative measures of parenting styles, parent and peer attachment patterns, and parent- and self-reported child behaviour could differentiate between school-aged children who stutter (CWS) (n=10) and their fluent peers (n=10). In addition, qualitative individual semi-structured interviews with all CWS were conducted to gain insight into their life experiences and reflections in relation to stuttering. The interviews were classified into ancillary themes of school, peers and parents. Quantitative findings revealed that CWS perceived their par... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557545 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5543624&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22192635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cosyns M, Mortier G, Janssens S, Bogaert F, D'Hondt S, Van Borsel J Abstract Several authors mentioned the occurrence of articulation problems in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) population. However, few studies have undertaken a detailed analysis of the articulation skills of NF1 patients, especially in schoolchildren and adults. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine in depth the articulation skills of NF1 schoolchildren and adults, both phonetically and phonologically. Speech samples were collected from 43 Flemish NF1 patients (14 children and 29 adults), ranging in age between 7 and 53 years, using a standardized speech test in which all Flemish single speech sounds and most clusters occur in all their permissible syllable positions. Analyses concentr... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5543624 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5543624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523391&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169275%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be cautious in assigning severity of impairment classifications to children with language impairment based, in part or in whole, on their performance on norm-referenced tests. Learning outcomes: Readers will see the importance of relying on empirical evidence to support their clinical decisions, specifically in the area of severity of impairment determinations. Readers will learn of the lack of stability in severity of language impairment classifications for children with language impairment on tests of child language. Consequently, readers will learn to be cautious in the selection of norm-referenced tests of child language for the purposes of informing severity of impairment determinations. PMID: 22169275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Jou... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523391 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5523390&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22176835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roch M, Jarrold C Abstract The current study was designed to trace changes in the relationship between non-word reading and irregular word reading on the one hand, and between phonological awareness and non-word reading on the other, through a follow-up study of a group of individuals with Down syndrome. Twelve individuals with Down syndrome, whose data were originally reported in Roch and Jarrold (2008), were seen four years later, and were given the same tasks as in the previous study evaluating phonological awareness, non-word reading and irregular word reading. After four years, an improvement was observed in all the skills of interest. Furthermore, the pattern of relationships among the three skills was observed to change considerably across the four year period. At t... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5523390 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5523390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450142&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22115273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuschmann A, Lowit A, Miller N, Mennen I Abstract Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a motor speech disorder in which changes to segmental as well as suprasegmental aspects lead to the perception of a foreign accent in speech. This paper focuses on one suprasegmental aspect, namely that of intonation. It provides an in-depth analysis of the intonation system of four speakers with FAS with the aim of establishing the intonational changes that have taken place as well as their underlying origin. Using the autosegmental-metrical framework of intonational analysis, four different levels of intonation, i.e., inventory, distribution, realisation and function, were examined in short sentences. Results revealed that the speakers with FAS had the same structural inventory at their di... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450142 Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5450142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5407905&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vinney LA, Grade JD, Connor NP Abstract The manner in which a communication disorder affects health-related quality of life (QOL) in children is not known. Unfortunately, collection of quality of life data via traditional paper measures is labor intensive and has several other limitations, which hinder the investigation of pediatric quality of life in children. Currently, there is not sufficient research regarding the use of electronic devices to collect pediatric patient reported outcomes in order to address such limitations. Thus, we used a cross-over design to compare responses to a pediatric health quality of life instrument (PedsQL 4.0) delivered using a handheld electronic device to those from a traditional paper form. Respondents were children with (n=9) and without... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5407905 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5407905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5407906&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22055614%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 25 children with Specific Language Impairment (age 5;3-8;2 years) and 50 typically developing children (3;3-8;2 years) participated in an eye-tracking experiment of spoken language comprehension to compare the dynamics of spoken word recognition for nouns and verbs in Spanish. Listeners' eye movements were recorded as they searched an array of pictures in response to hearing a noun or verb. Results showed significant an animacy effect before the word was finished as images that contain more animate entities attracted their looks which suggest an underdevelopment suppression mechanisms inhibition. Moreover, after word finished all the groups showed differences between nouns and verbs. They were faster in recognizing nouns than verbs and one-argument were recognized faster tha... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5407906 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5407906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338182&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22000045%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Lower lip and jaw peak speeds may be sensitive measures to identify bulbar motor performance decline at an early stage of the disease when speaking rate and intelligibility are only minimally affected. Learning Outcomes: The reader will be able to explain two different articulatory strategies to increase speaking rate and understand why fast speech tasks and diadochokinetic pseudo-speech tasks are not suited to assess articulatory speed capacity in healthy and impaired talkers. The reader will also be able to explain how orofacial movement speed capacity can be tested using a fixed-target task and how ALS affects lower lip and jaw speed capacities during the early stages of the disease. PMID: 22000045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Di... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338182 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338181&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22000901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lum JA, Bleses D Abstract It has been proposed that the language problems in specific language impairment (SLI) arise from basal ganglia abnormalities that lead to impairments with procedural and working memory but not declarative memory. In SLI, this profile of memory functioning has been hypothesized to underlie grammatical impairment but leave lexical knowledge relatively unaffected. The current study examined memory and language functioning in 13 Danish-speaking children with SLI and 20 typically developing (TD) children. Participants were administered tasks assessing declarative, procedural and verbal working memory as well as knowledge of past tense and vocabulary. The SLI group performed significantly poorer than the TD group on the measure of verbal working memory.... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338181 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5338181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224363&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907346%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the emergence of nonverbal JA and requesting skills in typically developing children and in children with autism with expressive language ages between 12 and 60 months, using both a both cross-sectional and a longitudinal design. Results suggest that the sequence of JA skill emergence in autism differs from a normative model, while the sequence of requesting skills emerges in accord with typical development. Furthermore, several joint attention skills appeared to emerge later than in typical children. With regards to intervention it appears that a curriculum based on a normative developmental model for the emergence of requesting skills is mostly appropriate for use with children with autism. However, since children with autism acquired nonverbal joint attention ski... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224363 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213006&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stout G, Hardin-Jones M, Chapman KL Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the consonant-vowel co-occurrence patterns predicted by the Frame-Content theory in 16 nine-month-old babies with unrepaired cleft palate (±cleft lip) and 16 age-matched non-cleft babies. Babble from these babies was phonetically transcribed and grouped according to the intrasyllabic predictions of the theory (labial-central, alveolar-front, and velar-back). Both groups demonstrated the three consonant-vowel co-occurrence patterns predicted by the Frame-Content theory. Other patterns not predicted by the Frame-Content theory emerged as strong patterns as well. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to: • Describe consonant-vowel co-occurrence patterns produced by babies with and withou... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213006 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5213006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213005&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889773%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we characterized profiles of communicative functions and forms of children with autism and intellectual disability (n=26), as compared to typically developing children (n=26) with a comparable nonverbal mental age (2-5 years). Videotapes of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales - Developmental Profile were analyzed using a standardized observation scheme in which three main functions were distinguished: behavior regulation, social interaction, and joint attention. Different forms of communication were also investigated: gestures, vocalizations/verbalizations, and eye gaze. Results indicated that in typically developing children the proportion of communication for the purpose of joint attention was much higher than for behavior regulation, whereas in children with aut... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213005 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5213005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182962&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880326%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest superiority of a voice-therapy (direct treatment) approach over a vocal-hygiene program (indirect treatment). This advantage is on the majority of the 8 continuous variables analyzed (aerodynamics, acoustic, and self-rating), including qualitative perceptual, laryngoscopic and spectrographic voice-dimensions. The stability of changes is extended during a post-treatment follow-up period. Learning outcomes: (1) The reader should distinguish the advantage using one type of treatment or another in clinical contexts. (2) The reader must know the most important direct techniques used in clinical treatment of voice disorders. PMID: 21880326 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182962 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182961&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880327%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zajenkowski M, Styła R, Szymanik J Abstract We compared the processing of natural language quantifiers in a group of patients with schizophrenia and a healthy control group. In both groups, the difficulty of the quantifiers was consistent with computational predictions, and patients with schizophrenia took more time to solve the problems. However, they were significantly less accurate only with proportional quantifiers, like more than half. This can be explained by noting that, according to the complexity perspective, only proportional quantifiers require working memory engagement. Learning outcomes: (1) Working memory deficits can be a source of language disorders in schizophrenia. (2) Processing of proportional quantifiers, like more than half or less than half involves... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182961 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182960&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885055%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Daniels DE, Panico J, Sudholt J Abstract Many research studies have focused on perceptions of stuttering by various groups of people. However, there is limited research on the perceptions of university instructors toward stuttering and people who stutter. Therefore, this study explored the perceptions of university instructors toward stuttering and students who stutter, and their beliefs about classroom participation. Participants included 328 university instructors across a variety of disciplines at two Midwestern universities. Each participant completed a 12-item questionnaire regarding perceptions related to stuttering, students who stutter, and classroom participation. Of the 328 participants, 212 completed an open-ended question about their experiences and concerns of... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182960 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182959&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885056%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A delay in time to response without interference was not an undue burden for either group. Despite the fact that children with SLI used a vocal rehearsal strategy as often as unimpaired peers, they did not benefit from the strategy in the same way as their peers. Possible explanations for these findings and clinical implications will be discussed. Learning outcomes: Readers will learn about how time to response affects word learning in children with specific language impairment and unimpaired peers. They will see how this issue fits into a framework of phonological working memory. They will also become acquainted with the effect of vocal rehearsal on word learning. PMID: 21885056 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182959 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5132050&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Theys C, van Wieringen A, Sunaert S, Thijs V, De Nil LF In this prospective study, data on incidence, stuttering characteristics, co-occurring speech disorders, and recovery of neurogenic stuttering in a large sample of stroke participants were assessed. Following stroke onset, 17 of 319 participants (5.3%; 95% CI, 3.2-8.3) met the criteria for neurogenic stuttering. Stuttering persisted in at least 2.5% (95% CI, 1.1-4.7) for more than six months following the stroke. Participants with comorbid aphasia presented with a significantly higher frequency of stuttering compared to the group without aphasia (U=13.00, p((1-tailed))=.02) but no difference was found for participants with co-occurring dysarthria and/or cognitive problems. Participants with neurogenic stuttering did not d... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5132050 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5132050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085683&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21767851%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was motivated by the idea that knowledge of how speakers with dysarthria voluntarily accomplish a reduced speech rate would contribute toward a descriptive model of speaking rate change in dysarthria. Such a model has the potential to assist in identifying rate control strategies to receive focus in clinical treatment programs and also would advance understanding of global speech timing in dysarthria. All speakers read a passage in Habitual and Slow conditions. Speech rate, articulation rate, pause duration, and pause frequency were measured. All speaker groups adjusted articulation time as well as pause time to reduce overall speech rate. Group differences in how voluntary rate reduction was accomplished were primarily one of quantity or degree. Overall, a slower-than-normal ra... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085683 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085682&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21794873%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The Spanish Computer-assisted Anomia Rehabilitation Program (CARP-2) for anomia is an active treatment for a range of people who have anomia as part of their aphasia profile. Learning outcomes: By the end of the paper you will be able to answer the CEU questions and consider whether to use computer assisted therapy on a wide range of clients with anomia difficulties. PMID: 21794873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085682 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5037140&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21724193%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results support LSVT LOUD for treating voice and speech in individuals with PD following STN-DBS surgery. However, modifications may be required to maintain functional improvements. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to (1) describe how deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may affect voice and speech in Parkinson disease; (2) describe the effects of intensive voice therapy (LSVT(®)LOUD) on people with PD both with and without STN-DBS; (3) describe how individuals with STN-DBS maintained treatment effects over time. PMID: 21724193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5037140 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5037140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4993213&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21719027%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results of the healthy control group show that the majority of the ADT items meet our criterion for sensitivity to diminished auditory discrimination. The poorer performance of dysarthric patients across all subtests supports the sensitivity of the ADT. However, further research involving larger and more homogeneous groups of neurological patients is required. Learning outcomes: Readers will be encouraged to (1) identify potential factors that may hinder web based speech training and (2) estimate the value of assessing auditory discrimination skills as a vital condition for (web based) speech training in dysarthric patients. PMID: 21719027 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4993213 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4993213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894027&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21620413%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kerr AL, Cheng SY, Jones TA Behavioral experience is at work modifying the structure and function of the brain throughout the lifespan, but it has a particularly dramatic influence after brain injury. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of experience in reorganizing the adult damaged brain, with a focus on findings from rodent stroke models of chronic upper extremity (hand and arm) impairments. A prolonged and widespread process of repair and reorganization of surviving neural circuits is instigated by injury to the adult brain. When experience impacts these same neural circuits, it interacts with degenerative and regenerative cascades to shape neural reorganization and functional outcome. This is evident in the cortical plasticity resulting from compensatory re... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894027 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894024&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21632063%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the development of narrative skills in Swedish children with language impairment between age 5 and age 10. Seventeen children with LI and two control groups of age peers with typical development participated in a picture elicited story telling task. Analyses included measures of story content, cohesion and grammar. Our subjects showed development in different areas from age 5 to 10, but they did not perform at the level of the controls at age 10 on number of different verbs used and percent grammatically correct C-units. We conclude that preschool children with LI develop in their narrative skills over time, but not to the level of their age-peers at age 10. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to describe areas of vulnerability in Swedish-speaking children wi... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894024 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894032&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21600588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nudo RJ Substantial data have accumulated over the past decade indicating that the adult brain is capable of substantial structural and functional reorganization after stroke. While some limited recovery is known to occur spontaneously, especially within the first month post-stroke, there is currently significant optimism that new interventions based on the modulation of neuroplasticity mechanisms will provide greater functional benefits in a larger population of stroke survivors. To place this information in the context of current thinking about brain plasticity, this review outlines the basic theories of why spontaneous recovery occurs, and introduces important principles to explain the effects of post-stroke behavioral experience on neural plasticity. Learning outcomes: Rea... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894032 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894031&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21600589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kleim JA Following brain injury or disease there are widespread biochemical, anatomical and physiological changes that result in what might be considered a new, very different brain. This adapted brain is forced to reacquire behaviors lost as a result of the injury or disease and relies on neural plasticity within the residual neural circuits. The same fundamental neural and behavioral signals driving plasticity during learning in the intact brain are engaged during relearning in the damaged/diseased brain. The field of neurorehabilitation is now beginning to capitalize on this body of work to develop neurobiologically informed therapies focused on key behavioral and neural signals driving neural plasticity. Further, how neural plasticity may act to drive different neural stra... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894031 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894030&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21601868%26dopt%3DAbstract We report two sets of experiments showing that the large individual variability in language learning success in adults can be attributed to neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, cognitive, and perceptual factors. In the first set of experiments, native English-speaking adults learned to incorporate lexically meaningfully pitch patterns in words. We found those who were successful to have higher activation in bilateral auditory cortex, larger volume in Heschl's Gyrus, and more accurate pitch pattern perception. All of these measures were performed before training began. In the second set of experiments, native English-speaking adults learned a phonological grammatical system governing the formation of words of an artificial language. Again, neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and cognitive ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894030 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894029&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21601869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plowman EK, Kleim JA Both limb and cranial motor functions are adversely impacted by Parkinson's disease (PD). While current pharmacological and surgical interventions are effective in alleviating general limb motor symptoms of PD, they have failed to provide significant benefit for cranial motor functions. This suggests that the neuropathologies mediating limb and cranial motor impairments in PD may differ. Animal models provide a mechanism by which the potential neural dysfunctions underlying these different motor impairments may be characterized. Central goals to our laboratory have been to (a) determine the differential responses of cranial motor and limb motor function to striatal dopamine depletion and (b) determine the differential effects of striatal dopamine depletion... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894029 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894026&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21620414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fridriksson J Brain plasticity associated with anomia recovery in aphasia is poorly understood. Here, I review four recent studies from my lab that focused on brain modulation associated with long-term anomia outcome, its behavioral treatment, and the use of transcranial brain stimulation to enhance anomia treatment success in individuals with chronic aphasia caused by left hemisphere stroke. In a study that included 15 participants with aphasia who were compared to a group of 10 normal control subjects, we found that improved naming ability was associated with increased left hemisphere activity. A separate study (N=26) revealed similar results in that improved anomia treatment outcome was associated with increased left hemisphere recruitment. Taken together, these two studies... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894026 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894025&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21621219%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this review are to (a) identify principles of brain plasticity, (b) review the application of these principles to the treatment of brain-injured laboratory animals, and (c) consider the translation of the new treatments to brain-injured humans. PMID: 21621219 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894025 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894028&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21612787%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents results of post-treatment interviews following computer-based script training for persons with chronic aphasia. Each of the 23 participants received 9 weeks of AphasiaScripts training. Post-treatment interviews were conducted with the person with aphasia and/or a significant other person. The 23 interviews yielded 584 coded comments that were categorized into ten themes. Five of the themes related to the communication behaviors of the participant, whereas the other five related to the computer program and study procedures. Examples of each theme are presented. The themes provide qualitative evidence of change and generalization, supporting the use of this computer-based script training program. Learning outcomes: The reader will describe (1) a computer program developed... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894028 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4894023&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21636094%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The behavioral profiles of children with APD and SLI were very similar. Although group mean differences were found, they were difficult to interpret in terms of current theories. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to: (1) describe similarities and differences found between children with SLI and children with APD and (2) discuss assessment problems posed by overlapping behavioral characteristics of SLI and APD. PMID: 21636094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4894023 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4894023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4848469&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21592489%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results support previous characterizations of ataxic dysarthria, and provide further information about the speech characteristics of genetic subtypes. Task demands affect perceptual ratings. Voice characteristics may be key to differentiating ataxic subtypes. As the genetic disorders that affect speech become better understood, more detailed characterizations of motor control systems should emerge. Learning outcomes The reader will: (1) be able to recognize the principle characteristics of ataxia; (2) recognize that not all speech tasks are equally sensitive to ataxic dysarthria; (3) recognize that voice quality changes may play an important role in recognizing different genetic types of ataxia. PMID: 21592489 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of C... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4848469 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4848469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793526&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21529820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hashimoto N, Frome A Several studies have reported improved naming using the semantic feature analysis (SFA) approach in individuals with aphasia. Whether the SFA can be modified and still produce naming improvements in aphasia is unknown. The present study was designed to address this question by using a modified version of the SFA approach. Three, rather than the typical six, features were used, and written along with verbal responses were allowed in an individual with both aphasia and apraxia of speech. A single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used to treat naming of single objects across three different semantic categories in a 72-year-old individual with aphasia and apraxia of speech. Stimulus generalization of training was measured by using photogra... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793526 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4793526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793527&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21513943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choo AL, Kraft SJ, Olivero W, Ambrose NG, Sharma H, Chang SE, Loucks TM Recent studies have implicated anatomical differences in speech-relevant brain regions of adults who stutter (AWS) compared to normally fluent adults (NFA). The present study focused on the region of the corpus callosum (CC) which is involved in interhemispheric processing between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Two-dimensional segmentation of area and voxel-based morphometry were used to evaluate the corpus callosum. Results revealed that the rostrum and anterior midbody of the CC were larger in AWS than NFA. In addition, the overall callosa area was larger in AWS than NFA. The group comparison of white matter volume showed a cluster of increased white matter volume predominantly encompassing the... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793527 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4793527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4793525&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21536306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koedoot C, Bouwmans C, Franken MC, Stolk E Although persistent developmental stuttering is known to affect daily living, just how great the impact is remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the underlying mechanisms which lead to a diminished quality of life (QoL). The primary objective of this study is to explore to what extent QoL is impaired in adults who stutter (AWS). In addition, this study aims to identify determinants of QoL in AWS by testing relationships between stuttering severity, coping, functioning and QoL and by testing for differences in variable scores between two AWS subgroups: receiving therapy versus not receiving therapy. A total of 91 AWS filled in several questionnaires to assess their stuttering severity, daily functioning, coping style and ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4793525 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4793525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4740703&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21477813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davison MD, Hammer C, Lawrence FR It is well established that monolingual preschoolers' oral language development (vocabulary and oral comprehension) contributes to their later reading abilities; however, less is known about this relationship in bilingual populations where children are developing knowledge of two languages. It may be that children's abilities in one language do not contribute to their reading abilities in their other language or that children's experiences with either language assist them in developing a common underlying proficiency that they draw upon when learning to read. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among bilingual children's receptive language development and reading outcomes in first grade. Eighty-one bilingual children ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4740703 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4740703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4683593&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21458824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dardier V, Bernicot J, Delanoë A, Vanberten M, Fayada C, Chevignard M, Delaye C, Laurent-Vannier A, Dubois B The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the social (pragmatic) aspects of language use by French-speaking individuals with frontal lesions following a severe traumatic brain injury. Eleven participants with traumatic brain injury performed tasks in three areas of communication: production (interview situation), comprehension (direct requests, conventional indirect requests, and hints), and metapragmatic knowledge. The results of the patients pointed out some strengths (turn-taking in production, and request comprehension, including hints and the speaker's intention) and some weaknesses (topic maintenance in production and metapragmatic knowledge). The patien... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4683593 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4683593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4565514&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21367428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Campbell WN, Skarakis-Doyle E Peer victimization, or bullying, has been identified as a significant child health priority and children with language impairment (LI) are among those who are vulnerable. Given the mandate of educators to provide support for all students who are bullied regardless of language status, research is needed that integrates the study of risk factors for peer victimization among children who are developing typically and children who have LI. Accordingly, this preliminary study explored the degree to which one potential risk factor, peer conflict resolution knowledge, was related to peer victimization in children across the language continuum, and considered whether or not individual differences in language ability influenced that relationship. Participan... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4565514 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4565514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4565554&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21342695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kelly RJ, Atcherson SR The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess perceptions of quality of life for individuals with hearing impairment who have not consulted for services and their significant others who are in same-sex relationships vs. those who are in different-sex relationships. Data were collected on a total of 20 older couples: 10 in same-sex relationships and 10 in different-sex relationships. In each of the couples, one member self-identified as having hearing impairment. The couples completed an audiologic evaluation, a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire, and a short, structured interview (which served as a general measure of quality of life). No differences between the groups were found on demographic or audiologic variables. Differences betwee... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4565554 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4565554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4509084&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329941%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Children with poor phonemic awareness not only lack sensitivity to acoustic details, but are also less able to recover linguistically relevant forms. This is contrary to one of the main current theories of the relation between spoken and written language development. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to (1) understand the role speech perception plays in phonological awareness, (2) distinguish between segmental and global structure analysis of speech perception, (3) describe differences and similarities in speech perception among children with speech sound disorder and/or reading disability, and (4) recognize the importance of broadening clinical interventions to focus on recognizing structure at all levels of speech analysis. PMID: 21329941 [PubMed - as supplied by pu... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4509084 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4509084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4509085&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21310428%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated mustard gas can impair different parameters of speech aerodynamics. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to understand: (1) Evaluation of air flow can provide considerable insight into speech system dysfunction and efficiency; (2) sulfur mustard known as mustard gas is one of the major chemical warfare agents developed and used during World War I; (3) exposure of sensitive respiratory structures to sulfur mustard can lead to persistent lung disease, and (4) Mustard gas can impair different parameters of speech aerodynamics. PMID: 21310428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4509085 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4509085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4451772&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21288539%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Results suggested that treatments designed to directly address expressive-grammar deficits were better than no treatment for preschool SLI. Further, use of a C-AT program may be another feasible treatment method for this disorder population. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the reader will learn that: (1) expressive-grammar treatment is better than no treatment for immediate and continued language growth, (2) use of a C-AT program containing specific features designed to directly address expressive-grammar deficits is another viable, but not necessarily a better treatment option for the remediation of expressive-grammar deficits in preschool children with SLI, and (3) different outcome contexts yield distinct yet equally important findings about growth in childr... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4451772 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4451772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387232&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21251668%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Weerdenburg M, Verhoeven L, Bosman A, van Balkom H This longitudinal investigation on Dutch children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) aimed at determining the predictive value of statistically uncorrelated language proficiencies on later reading and spelling skills in Dutch. Language abilities, tested with an extensive test battery at the onset of formal reading instruction, were represented by four statistically uncorrelated factors: lexical-semantic abilities, auditory perception, verbal-sequential processing, and speech production. All factors contributed significantly to the prediction of word reading and spelling development seven months later. Verbal-sequential processing was the strongest predictor for both word decoding and spelling. Furthermore, autoregress... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387232 Sat, 25 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4387232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387234&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237467%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that, in SD, non-canonical responses to action naming reflect lack of both specificity and semantic relatedness relative to the expected responses. Learning outcomes: We addressed how does semantic verb knowledge disappear in semantic dementia using video clips of object-related actions. Results showed that this semantic impairment followed a hierarchical pattern according to which the more specific verbs vanished away first; further we specified the semantic relationships between the verbs patients were still able to produce and the target verbs. PMID: 21237467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387234 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4387234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387235&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21208627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brocklehurst PH, Corley M In their Covert Repair Hypothesis, Postma and Kolk (1993) suggest that people who stutter make greater numbers of phonological encoding errors, which are detected during the monitoring of inner speech and repaired, with stuttering-like disfluencies as a consequence. Here, we report an experiment that documents the frequency with which such errors are made. Thirty-two people who stutter (PWS) and thirty-two normally fluent controls, matched for age, gender and education, recited tonguetwisters and self-reported any errors they perceived themselves to have made. In 50% of trials the tonguetwisters were recited silently and errors reported were those detected in inner speech. Compared to controls, PWS produced significantly more word-onset and word-order... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387235 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4387235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4387233&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21238973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lichtig I, Couto MI, Mecca FF, Hartley S, Wirz S, Woll B In Brazil there are no specific tests for either signed or spoken language for deaf children. A protocol evaluating communicative abilities independent of modality of communication (sign language or spoken language), and comprising assessments of (a) pragmatic profile; (b) modality of communication and linguistic level; (c) complexity of communication; and (d) style and efficacy of communication between parent and child was administered to 127 deaf and hearing children. The children, aged 3-6 years old, were distributed in three groups: 20 with severe hearing loss, 40 with profound hearing loss and 67 normally hearing. Deaf children were found to be delayed, independent of their linguistic level and preferred modality of... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4387233 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4387233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4295081&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21168145%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that the nonverbal dynamic phoneme deletion task holds promise for use with children for whom speech output is compromised. Implications for use with children who use AAC or who have significant speech impairments and recommendations for future research are discussed. Learning outcomes: Readers will learn about a nonverbal dynamic assessment of phoneme deletion that may prove useful for measuring phoneme awareness for children who are unable to communicate using natural speech or who present with moderate-severe speech impairments. Readers will learn about the importance of accurate measurement of phoneme awareness for children with complex communication needs. Readers will also learn about how to develop and utilize reliable and valid measur... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4295081 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4295081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4295082&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21163491%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bleek B, Montag C, Faber J, Reuter M A recent study by Iverach et al. (Journal of Communication Disorders, 2010) compared persons who stutter with two normative samples in the context of the five-factor model of personality measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Persons who stutter were characterized by higher Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness and lower Agreeableness scores in contrast to the normative data from an Australian and a United States sample. Moreover, the authors report that the scores on all five personality dimensions in the stuttering group were within those of the normative samples. A shortcoming of the Iverach et al. study is the lack of a matched control group. In the present study we compared persons who stutter with a control group matched ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4295082 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4295082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4242550&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21122876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Campbell WN, Skarakis-Doyle E This preliminary study explored peer conflict resolution knowledge in children with and without language impairment (LI). Specifically, it evaluated the utility of a visual analogue scale (VAS) for measuring nuances in such knowledge. Children aged 9-12 years, 26 with typically developing language (TLD) and 6 with LI, completed a training protocol and hypothetical task in which they rated goals and strategies that could be pursued following peer conflict. Whereas participants with TLD provided graded judgments using the entire VAS, most children with LI relied solely on the scale anchors. These results suggest at least two possibilities. The less differentiated manner in which participants with LI utilized the VAS may have been influenced by how t... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4242550 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4242550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106485&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20955835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bedore LM, Peña ED, Gillam RB, Ho TH Measures of productivity and sentence organization are useful metrics for quantifying language development and language impairments in monolingual and bilingual children. It is not yet known what measures within and across languages are most informative when evaluating the language skills of bilingual children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how measures of language productivity and organization in two languages converge with children's measured language abilities on the Bilingual English Spanish Assessment (BESA), a standardized measure of language ability. 170 kindergarten age children who produced narrative language samples in Spanish and in English based on a wordless picture book were included in the analysis. Samples were ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106485 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 19:20:13 +0100 4106485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4106484&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20970811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: St Clair MC, Pickles A, Durkin K, Conti-Ramsden G Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have often been reported to have associated behavioral, emotional and social difficulties. Most previous studies involve observations at a single time point, or cross sectional designs, and longitudinal evidence of the developmental trajectories of particular difficulties is limited. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to measure behavioral (hyperactivity and conduct), emotional and social (peer) problems in a sample of individuals with a history of SLI at four time points from childhood (age 7) to adolescence (age 16). A decrease in behavioral and emotional problems was observed from childhood to adolescence, although emotional problems were still evident in ad... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4106484 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4106484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074910&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20943232%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We were able to ascertain which aspects of lexical learning are most problematic for children with SLI in terms of fast-mapping. These findings may allow clinicians to focus intervention on known areas of weakness. Future directions include extending these findings to slow mapping scenarios. Learning outcomes: The reader will understand how different components of phonological working memory contribute to the word learning problems of children with specific language impairment. PMID: 20943232 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074910 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074908&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20947096%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vanryckeghem M, Brutten GJ The purpose of this investigation was to provide normative and comparative data for the BigCAT, the adult form of the Communication Attitude Test, a sub-test of the Behavior Assessment Battery. The BigCAT, a 35-item self-report test of speech-associated attitude was administered to 96 adults who stutter (PWS) and 216 adults who do not (PWNS). The difference in the extent to which the two groups of participants reported a negative attitude toward their speech and speech ability, as measured by the BigCAT, was statistically significant. Moreover, the overlap in the scores of the PWS and PWNS was minimal, and the effect size attributable to group membership was very large. The BigCAT's high Cronbach Alpha coefficients, together with the fact that each o... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074908 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4074909&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20947095%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results provide age-based reference data for the speech and articulation rates of school-aged CWS and CWNS on three TOCS tasks and offer insight into the relative contributions of age, disfluency frequency, and utterance length to children's rate performance. LEARNING OUTCOMES: After reading this paper readers should be able to: (1) summarize the main findings from past studies of children's speech rate and articulation rate; (2) describe how school-aged children who stutter compare to age-matched children who do not stutter with regard to speech rate and articulation rate; (3) explain the extent to which age, speaking task, disfluency frequency, and utterance length affect children's rate performance; (4) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to rate ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4074909 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4074909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4056934&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20934188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tumanova V, Zebrowski PM, Throneburg RN, Kulak Kayikci ME The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between articulation rate, frequency and duration of disfluencies of different types, and temperament in preschool children who stutter (CWS). In spontaneous speech samples from 19 CWS (mean age=3:9; years:months), we measured articulation rate, the frequency and duration of (a) sound prolongations; (b) sound-syllable repetitions; (c) single syllable whole word repetitions; and (d) clusters. Temperament was assessed with the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (Rothbart et al., 2001). There was a significant negative correlation between articulation rate and average duration of sound prolongations (p<0.01), and between articulation rate and frequency of stutteri... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4056934 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4056934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3960642&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20822776%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to estimate test-retest reliability of orthographic speech intelligibility testing in speakers with aphasia and AOS and to examine its relationship to the consistency of speaker and listener responses. Monosyllabic single word speech samples were recorded from 13 speakers with coexisting aphasia and AOS. These words were transcribed phonetically by two trained listeners and also presented to non-brain-damaged listeners for identification in a computerized speech intelligibility test. Overall intelligibility scores were computed for each speaker, and word-by-word responses for individual words were examined for both speaker and listener consistency. The clinical feasibility of the approach was supported by a strong correlation between scores from the phonetic transcr... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3960642 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3960642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908453&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727533%26dopt%3DAbstract We presented children with nonwords in an experiment that systematically manipulated English phonotactic frequency and the frequency of presentation within the experiment. Both of these manipulations affected the accuracy and time-to-response for nonword production both for typically developing and children with specific language impairment. Children with SLI were less accurate in their productions overall, but still exhibited an effect of the short-term frequency manipulation. Children with SLI differed significantly from their typical peers in terms of time-to-response only when both English and Experimental frequency were low. The results indicate that simple manipulations of the input can affect children's representation of word forms, and this can facilitate word production without th... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908453 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908454&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20723909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Girolametto L, Cleave PL PMID: 20723909 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908454 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3908452&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20739027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pizzioli F, Schelstraete MA The hypothesis indicating an overactivation of the lexico-semantic network in children with specific language impairment (SLI) was tested using an auditory pair-primed paradigm (PPP), where participants made a lexical-decision on the second word of a noun pair that could be semantically related, or not, to the first one. Though children with SLI were proven to be as accurate as children matched for receptive vocabulary age, they presented a larger priming effect in the PPP in terms of both reaction time and accuracy. These results preliminarily support the hypothesis of an overactivation of the lexico-semantic network. Learning outcomes: As a result of reading this paper the reader will be able to (1) understand how the pair-primed paradigm can cont... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3908452 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3908452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3817852&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20673912%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the role that mothers' scaffolding plays in the autobiographical memory (AM) and storybook narratives of children with specific language impairment (SLI). Seven 4-5-year-old children and their mothers co-constructed narratives in both contexts. We also compared children's narratives with mothers to their narratives with an experimenter. Narratives were assessed in terms of narrative style (i.e., elaborativeness) and topic control. Mothers' elaborative and repetitive questions during AM and book narratives were related to children's elaborations, whereas mothers' elaborative and repetitive statements were not. Mothers produced more topic-controlling utterances than children in both contexts; however, both mothers and children provided proportionally more information in t... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3817852 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3817852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3817851&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20674929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terband H, Maassen B, van Lieshout P, Nijland L The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency and composition of functional synergies for speech movements in children with developmental speech disorders. Kinematic data were collected on the reiterated productions of syllables spa(/spa/) and paas(/pas/) by 10 6- to 9-year-olds with developmental speech disorders (five with speech sound disorder [SSD] and five with subtype childhood apraxia of speech [CAS]) and six normally speaking children using electro-magnetic midsagittal articulography (EMMA). Results showed a higher variability of tongue tip movement trajectories and a larger contribution of the lower lip relative to the jaw in oral closures for the five children with CAS compared to normally developing controls... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3817851 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3817851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3817853&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20673911%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riches NG, Loucas T, Baird G, Charman T, Simonoff E Non-word repetition (NWR) was investigated in adolescents with typical development, Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Plus language Impairment (ALI) (n=17, 13, 16, and mean age 14;4, 15;4, 14;8 respectively). The study evaluated the hypothesis that poor NWR performance in both groups indicates an overlapping language phenotype (Kjelgaard & Tager-Flusberg, 2001). Performance was investigated both quantitatively, e.g. overall error rates, and qualitatively, e.g. effect of length on repetition, proportion of errors affecting phonological structure, and proportion of consonant substitutions involving manner changes. Findings were consistent with previous research (Whitehouse, Barry, & Bishop, 2008) demonstrati... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3817853 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3817853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3730759&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20599207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Langevin M, Packman A, Onslow M Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are advised to consider the distress of preschoolers and parents along with the social consequences of the child's stuttering when deciding whether to begin or delay treatment. Seventy-seven parents completed a survey that yielded quantitative and qualitative data that reflected their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their children and themselves. Sixty-nine (89.6%) parents reported between 1 and 13 types of negative impact (modal=2). The most frequently reported reactions of children were frustration associated with their stuttering, withdrawal, reduced or changed verbal output, making comments about their inability to talk, and avoidances. The most frequently reported peer reaction was teasing (27.... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3730759 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3730759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3679428&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20552722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barkmeier-Kraemer JM, Ryals BM PMID: 20552722 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3679428 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 06:27:09 +0100 3679428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3679430&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20538283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dempsey L, Skarakis-Doyle E The conceptual framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has the potential to advance understanding of developmental language impairment (LI) and enhance clinical practice. The framework provides a systematic way of unifying numerous lines of research, which have linked a wide array of factors to the functioning of children with LI. The result is an integrated account of LI where children's functioning emerges from the complex interaction of core linguistic processes, the ability to use them in social interactions, and a variety of environmental and personal factors. This account is well-suited to the clinical context because it focuses clinical attention on how such factors... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3679430 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3679430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3679429&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20542518%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plante E, Bahl M, Vance R, Gerken L An implicit learning paradigm was used to assess children's sensitivity to syllable stress information in an artificial language. Study 1 demonstrated that preschool children, with and without specific language impairment (SLI), can generalize patterns of stress heard during a brief period of familiarization, and can also abstract underlying ordered rules by which stress patterns were assigned to syllables. In Study 2, the salience of stressed elements was acoustically enhanced. Counter to expectations, there was no evidence of learning with this manipulation for either the typically developing children or children with SLI. The results suggest that children with SLI and their typically developing peers are sensitive to syllable stress cues ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3679429 Fri, 07 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3679429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3679427&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20553813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barkmeier-Kraemer JM, Ryals BM PMID: 20553813 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3679427 Fri, 07 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3679427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3596195&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20493496%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reilly J, Rodriguez AD, Lamy M, Neils-Strunjas J There are many distinct forms of dementia whose pharmacological and behavioral management differ. Differential diagnosis among the dementia variants currently relies upon a weighted combination of genetic and protein biomarkers, neuroanatomical integrity, and behavior. Diagnostic specificity is complicated by a high degree of overlap in the initial presenting symptoms across dementia subtypes. For this reason, reliable markers are of considerable diagnostic value. Communication disorders have proven to be among the strongest predictors for discriminating among dementia subtypes. As such, speech-language pathologists may be poised to make an increasingly visible contribution to dementia diagnosis and its ongoing management. The v... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3596195 Wed, 05 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3596195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3568372&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20466386%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The POSHA-E can be translated to another language, i.e. French, without significant change in item meaning and interpretation in two divergent cultures, advancing the development and validity of an instrument that can be used in different language and cultural settings worldwide. Learning outcomes: Readers of this article should be able to describe the purpose of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes (POSHA); describe translation and back-translation procedures for public opinion surveys to be used internationally; discuss cultural and linguistic differences between convenience samples from Ottawa, Canada and Douala, Cameroon; and compare the results of language versus country explanations of the results of this two-country investigation. PMID: 20466386 [PubMed - a... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3568372 Fri, 23 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3568372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3553161&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20451212%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gordon T Injured nerves regenerate slowly and often over long distances. Prolonged periods for regenerating nerves to make functional connections with denervated targets prolong the period of isolation of the neurons from the target (chronic axotomy) and of the denervation of Schwann cells in the distal nerve pathways (chronic denervation). In an animal model, we demonstrated that prolonged axotomy and chronic denervation severely reduce the regenerative capacity of neurons to less to 10%. Concurrent reduction in neurotrophic factors, including brain- and glial-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) in axotomized neurons and denervated Schwann cells, suggest that these factors are required to sustain nerve regeneration. Findings that exogenous BDNF and GDNF did not incre... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3553161 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3553161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3530293&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20434727%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ormel EA, Gijsel MA, Hermans D, Bosman AM, Knoors H, Verhoeven L Learning to read is a major obstacle for children who are deaf. The otherwise significant role of phonology is often limited as a result of hearing loss. However, semantic knowledge may facilitate reading comprehension. One important aspect of semantic knowledge concerns semantic categorization. In the present study, the quality of the semantic categorization of both deaf and hearing children was examined for written words and pictures at two categorization levels. The deaf children performed better at the picture condition compared to the written word condition, while the hearing children performed similarly at pictures and written words. The hearing children outperformed the deaf children, in particular for wri... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3530293 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3530293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3530292&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20434728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ciucci MR, Vinney L, Wahoske EJ, Connor NP Parkinson disease is characterized by a complex neuropathological profile that primarily affects dopaminergic neural pathways in the basal ganglia, including pathways that modulate cranial sensorimotor functions such as swallowing, voice and speech. Prior work from our lab has shown that the rat model of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine infusion to the medial forebrain bundle that is useful for studying limb sensorimotor deficits also yields vocalization deficits that may be amenable to treatment with intensive exercise. This affords us an opportunity to explore the potential mechanisms underlying behavioral and neural recovery as a result of intervention for cranial sensorimotor deficits associated with Parkinson disease. Our methods inc... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3530292 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3530292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3524592&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20430401%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shibata SB, Raphael Y Health care professionals tending to patients with inner ear disease face inquiries about therapy options, including treatments that are being developed for future use but not yet available. The devastating outcome of sensorineural hearing loss, combined with the permanent nature of the symptoms, make these inquiries demanding and frequent. The vast information accessible online and the publicity for breakthroughs in research add to patient requests for access to advanced and innovative therapies, even before these are available for clinical use. This can sometimes be taxing on the health care provider who is in contact with the patients. Here we aim to equip the provider with information about some of the progress made for protective and reparative appro... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3524592 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3524592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3524591&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20430402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Daele DJ Voice and swallowing dysfunction as a result of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis can be improved with vocal fold injections or laryngeal framework surgery. However, denervation atrophy can cause late-term clinical failure. A major determinant of skeletal muscle physiology is myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, and previous protein analyses have shown changes in laryngeal muscle fiber MyHC isoform with denervation. RNA analyses in this setting have not been performed, and understanding RNA levels will allow interventions better designed to reverse processes such as denervation in the future. Total RNA was extracted from bilateral rat thyroarytenoid (TA), posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), and cricothyroid (CT) muscles in rats. Primers were designed using publishe... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3524591 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3524591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3490974&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20400089%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Erlenkamp S, Kristoffersen KE This paper presents findings from a study on the use of sign supported Norwegian (SSN) in two individuals with Cri du chat syndrome (CCS). The study gives a first account of some selected aspects of production and intelligibility of SSN in CCS. Possible deviance in manual parameters, in particular inter- and/or intra-subject variation in the use of handshape is investigated. Second, the question is addressed to what extent the isolated signs and isolated speech are intelligible and to what extent the combination of signs and speech in SSN contributes to a better intelligibility compared to each part in isolation. Results showed inter-subject variation, as well as individual consistency of deviancy in phonetic handshape parameters. Both participant... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3490974 Sat, 27 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3490974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3446357&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20371080%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews general characteristics of children learning two languages, including three that challenge the diagnosis and treatment of PLI; uneven distribution of abilities in the child's two languages, cross-linguistic associations within bilingual learners, and individual variation in response to similar social circumstances. The diagnostic category of PLI (also referred to in the literature as specific language impairment or SLI) is described with attention to how language impairment, in the face of otherwise typical development, manifests in children learning two languages. Empirical evidence related to differential diagnosis of PLI in bilingual children is then reviewed and issues related to the generalization of treatment gains in dual-language learners with PLI are introduce... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3446357 Sun, 07 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3446357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359926&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20219209%26dopt%3DAbstract This study directly tests this hypothesis by examining the relationship between cognitive variables and coherence in narrative discourse produced by mobility-impaired stroke survivors under single (talking) and dual (talking and walking) task conditions. Although there were no effects of the dual task on coherence, global coherence was significantly disrupted regardless of the single or dual task condition. Moreover, global coherence strongly correlated with cognitive function measures, whereas local coherence did not. Findings are consistent with two interpretations: (1) that global and local coherence may be subserved by different cognitive processes or (2) that maintaining global coherence is a more difficult task and thus will show effects of cognitive impairment before local coherence... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359926 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3335799&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bohnenkamp TA, Stowell T, Hesse J, Wright S Speakers who use an electrolarynx following a total laryngectomy no longer require pulmonary support for speech. Subsequently, chest wall movements may be affected; however, chest wall movements in these speakers are not well defined. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate speech breathing in speakers who use an electrolarynx during speech and reading tasks. Six speakers who use an electrolarynx underwent an evaluation of chest wall kinematics (e.g., chest wall movements, temporal characteristics of chest wall movement), lung volumes, temporal measures of speech, and the interaction of linguistic influences on ventilation. Results of the present study were compared to previous reports in speakers who use an electrolarynx, ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3335799 Sun, 07 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3335799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3335800&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20185146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Angelillo N, Di Costanzo B, Barillari U Floating-Harbor syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by specific facial features, short stature associated with significantly delayed bone age and language impairment. Although language delay is a cardinal manifestation of this syndrome, few reports describe the specific language difficulties of these patients, particularly the development of language abilities in the long run. This paper reports on an Italian boy with Floating-Harbor syndrome and discusses his language evaluation at presentation (age 48 months) and development and progress of his language abilities after 4 years of rehabilitation treatment. At presentation he exhibited borderline mental retardation, with verbal abilities lower than performance abilities.... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3335800 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3335800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276418&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20152990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mastropavlou M The aim of this study is threefold: Firstly, to describe the acquisition patterns of Greek past tense by children with specific language impairment (SLI); secondly, to investigate the relationship between the phonological salience of past tense in Greek and its acquisition by children of typical and atypical language development; thirdly, to establish an account on the nature of specific language impairment by comparing the acquisition patterns exhibited by children with SLI to those presented by typically developing children. The performance of 10 children with SLI in elicited past tense production is compared to that of chronological age matched (CA) and language matched (LM) controls. Based on the claim that morphophonological salience aids acquisition (or le... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276418 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186054&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20080243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maryn Y, De Bodt M, Roy N Voice practitioners require an objective index of dysphonia severity as a means to reliably track treatment outcomes. To ensure ecological validity however, such a measure should survey both sustained vowels and continuous speech. In an earlier study, a multivariate acoustic model referred to as the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI), consisting of a weighted combination of 6 time-, frequency- and quefrency-domain metrics, was developed to measure dysphonia severity in both speaking tasks. In the current investigation, the generalizability and clinical utility of the AVQI are evaluated by first assessing its external cross-validity and then determining its sensitivity to change in dysphonia severity following surgical and/or behavioral voice treatmen... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186054 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3186054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180556&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074745%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ebert KD, Kohnert K Research in related fields that employ behavioral interventions indicates that factors common to treatment programs may be more important to successful outcomes than specific components of a treatment. Applying this concept to speech-language pathology, we investigated one hypothesized "common factor," namely, the clinician who implements treatment. Data were collected from limited samples of speech-language clinicians in two surveys. In Study One, 79 participants responded to open-ended questions about the nature of effective clinicians. A thematic analysis of their responses resulted in three broad categories of characteristics: behaviors, traits, and acquisitions. These themes were incorporated into an online survey for Study Two, in which 158 clinicians... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180556 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3180556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176662&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iverach L, O'Brian S, Jones M, Block S, Lincoln M, Harrison E, Hewat S, Menzies RG, Packman A, Onslow M Previous research has not explored the Five Factor Model of personality among adults who stutter. Therefore, the present study investigated the five personality domains of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, as measured by the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), in a sample of 93 adults seeking speech treatment for stuttering, and compared these scores with normative data from an Australian and a United States sample. Results revealed that NEO-FFI scores for the stuttering group were within the 'average' range for all five personality domains. However, adults who stutter were characterized by significantly higher Neuroticism, and signif... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176662 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3176662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102459&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20004908%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the ability of 20 preschool children with functional phonological delays and 34 age- and vocabulary-matched typical children to learn words differing in phonotactic probability (i.e., the likelihood of occurrence of a sound sequence) and neighborhood density (i.e., the number of words that differ from a target by one phoneme). Children were exposed to nonwords paired with novel objects in a story and learning was measured by a picture naming task. Results showed that both groups created lexical representations for rare sound sequences from sparse neighborhoods. However, only children with typical development appeared to build on this initial lexical representation to create a full representation of the word (i.e., lexical-semantic connection and semantic representation)... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102459 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102458&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20005524%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that listeners may benefit more from visual information from speakers with poor baseline speech intelligibility. Results also show similar intelligibility between typical, laryngeal and tracheoesophageal modes of speech. Results should be interpreted with caution, however, as only one speaker from each mode of speech was included. Further research is required to determine the nature of the increase. PMID: 20005524 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102458 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102460&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20004412%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Children with SSD and typical MLU may be weak in some areas of syntax. Children with SSD who have low MLU scores and poor finite verb morphology skills in pre-kindergarten may be at risk for poor expressive language outcomes. However, these results need to be replicated with larger groups. Learning outcomes: The reader should (1) have a general understanding of findings from studies on morpho-syntax and SSD conducted over the last half century (2) be aware of some potential areas of morpho-syntactic weakness in young children with SSD who nonetheless have typical MLU, and (3) be aware of some potential longitudinal predictors of continued language difficulty in young children with SSD and poor MLU. PMID: 20004412 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Comm... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102460 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933503&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19854449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oram Cardy JE, Tannock R, Johnson AM, Johnson CJ Slowed speed of processing and impaired rapid temporal processing (RTP) have been proposed to underlie specific language impairment (SLI), but it is not clear that these dysfunctions are unique to SLI. We considered the contribution of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which frequently co-occurs with language impairments, to performances on processing tasks. School-aged children who had SLI without concurrent ADHD (n=14), ADHD without concurrent SLI (n=14), and typical development (TD, n=28) performed two nonverbal speeded tasks and one auditory RTP task. RTP impairments were found in many children with SLI and ADHD, and some children with TD. Children with ADHD demonstrated slower processing speed than children w... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933503 Sat, 03 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2909435&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19836026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hughes S, Gabel R, Irani F, Schlagheck A An open-ended, written survey was administered to 146 university students who did not stutter to obtain their impressions of the effects of stuttering on the lives of people who stutter (PWS). Participants first wrote about the general effects of stuttering and then considered how their lives would be different if they stuttered. Both types of responses, while not qualitatively different, indicated that participants were more likely to focus on negative listener reactions and barriers to social, academic, and occupational success when they imagined themselves as PWS. Fewer participants indicated that PWS may positively cope with their stuttering through acceptance of stuttering, motivation and determination, and support systems. Quantit... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2909435 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2909435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2758611&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19717164%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fischer E, Goberman AM Research has found that speaking rate has an effect on voice onset time (VOT). Given that Parkinson disease (PD) affects speaking rate, the purpose of this study was to examine VOT with the effect of rate removed (VOT ratio), along with the traditional VOT measure, in individuals with PD. VOT and VOT ratio were examined in 9 individuals with PD (before and after taking medication), along with 9 matched controls. Place of articulation and vowel height had significant effects on VOT and VOT ratio for all groups, and there were no PD versus control differences. PD medication had a greater effect on VOT than VOT ratio, reflecting a rate-related VOT change rather than a pure VOT change. These data support the usefulness of examining both VOT and VOT ratio wit... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2758611 Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2758611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2712423&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19683250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yunusova Y, Green JR, Lindstrom MJ, Ball LJ, Pattee GL, Zinman L The goal of this study was to investigate the deterioration of lip and jaw movements during speech longitudinally in three individuals diagnosed with bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study was motivated by the need to understand the relationship between physiologic changes in speech movements and clinical measures of speech performance such as speaking rate and speech intelligibility. Movements of the lip and jaw were quantified with respect to their size speed, and duration. The data revealed several changes in lip and jaw movement that coincided with ALS progression. In two out of three speakers, the changes in measures of path distance and speed anticipated the drop in speech intelligibility by ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2712423 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2712423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2674646&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19651415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Munson B This brief communication is a response to the article "The prevalence of lisping in gay men" (Van Borsel, J., De Bruyn, E., Lefebvre, E., Sokoloff, A., De Ley, S., & Baudonck, N. 2009. Journal of Communication Disorders, 42, 100-106). I argue aspects of that study's design, measurement, and interpretation limit the strength of its authors' conclusions that there is a higher incidence of lisping in gay men than in heterosexual men. Suggestions for further research are presented. PMID: 19651415 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2674646 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2674646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2668066&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19647837%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farrar MJ, Johnson B, Tompkins V, Easters M, Zilisi-Medus A, Benigno JP Language plays a critical role in the development of theory of mind (ToM). There is limited research, however, examining the role of specific components of language in ToM development for typical and clinical populations. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relative contributions of general grammar, grammatical tense markers, syntactic complementation, and receptive vocabulary on understanding standard ToM tasks in preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI). Thirty-four children with language disorders, ages 42-65 months, were administered a series of language and ToM measures. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the relative contributions of language s... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2668066 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2668066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2662787&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19643430%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kong AP Discourse produced by speakers with aphasia contains rich and valuable information for researchers to understand the manifestation of aphasia as well as for clinicians to plan specific treatment components for their clients. Various approaches to investigate aphasic discourse have been proposed in the English literature. However, this is not the case in Chinese. As a result, clinical evaluations of aphasic discourse have not been a common practice. This problem is further compounded by the lack of validated stimuli that are culturally appropriate for language elicitation. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to develop and validate four sequential pictorial stimuli for elicitation of language samples in Cantonese speakers with aphasia, and (b) to investigate the ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2662787 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2662787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542997&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19380150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharma A, Nash AA, Dorman M A basic tenet of developmental neurobiology is that certain areas of the cortex will re-organize, if appropriate stimulation is withheld for long periods. Stimulation must be delivered to a sensory system within a narrow window of time (a sensitive period) if that system is to develop normally. In this article, we will describe age cut-offs for a sensitive period for central auditory development in children who receive cochlear implants. We will review de-coupling and re-organization of cortical areas, which are presumed to underlie the end of the sensitive period in congenitally deaf humans and cats. Finally, we present two clinical cases which demonstrate the use of the P1 cortical auditory evoked potential as a biomarker for central auditory syst... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542997 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:34 +0100 2542997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542994&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19406431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mathur A, Inder T Preterm birth is a major public-health issue because of its increasing incidence combined with the frequent occurrence of subsequent behavioral, neurological, and psychiatric challenges faced by surviving infants. Approximately 10-15% of very preterm children (born<30 weeks gestational age) develop cerebral palsy, and 30-60% of them experience cognitive impairments. These adverse outcomes are related to a confluence of abnormal brain development along with white (WM) and gray matter (GM) injury sustained during the neonatal period. It is becoming apparent that the extra-uterine environment during this critical period (24-40 weeks gestation) in brain development has a profound and long lasting impact on the premature infant. Magnetic resonance imaging in th... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542994 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:29 +0100 2542994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542993&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19406432%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Estep ME Although the healthy adult possesses a large repertoire of coordinative strategies for oromotor behaviors, a range of nonverbal, speech-like movements can be observed during speech. The extent of overlap among sensorimotor speech and nonspeech neural correlates and the role of neuromodulatory inputs generated during oromotor behaviors are unknown. The focus of this review is to consider the adaptive capacity of the orofacial substrate, and the neural correlates of kinematic parameter encoding at cortical and subcortical levels subserving oromotor behaviors. Special emphasis is directed toward distributed neural networks that are dynamically modulated by environment and task related demands. LEARNING OUTCOMES: Readers will (1) gain a better understanding of healthy adu... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542993 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:27 +0100 2542993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542992&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19406433%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barlow SM, Green JR PMID: 19406433 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542992 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:25 +0100 2542992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542991&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19409574%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arbib MA We first review the mirror-system hypothesis on the evolution of the language-ready brain, stressing the important role of imitation and protosign in providing the scaffolding for protospeech. We then assess the role of social interaction and non-specific knowledge of language in the emergence of new sign languages in deaf communities (focusing on Nicaraguan Sign Language). LEARNING OUTCOMES: (1) Readers will understand the difference between mirror systems in humans and monkeys, and see how the evolution of imitation and protosign required the biological evolution of mirror systems with linkages to diverse regions beyond the mirror system. (2) Readers will see how social structure complements brain mechanisms in yielding language through cultural evolution supported ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542991 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:23 +0100 2542991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542990&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19419735%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Bel RM, Pineda JA, Sharma A The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a trimodal system composed of neuronal populations that respond to motor, visual, and auditory stimulation, such as when an action is performed, observed, heard or read about. In humans, the MNS has been identified using neuroimaging techniques (such as fMRI and mu suppression in the EEG). It reflects an integration of motor-auditory-visual information processing related to aspects of language learning including action understanding and recognition. Such integration may also form the basis for language-related constructs such as theory of mind. In this article, we review the MNS system as it relates to the cognitive development of language in typically developing children and in children at-risk for communication... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542990 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:21 +0100 2542990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542989&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19423130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adams-Chapman I Premature infants have a disproportionately increased risk for brain injury based on several mechanisms including intraventricular hemorrhage, ischemia and the vulnerability of developing neuronal progenitor cells. Injury to the developing brain often results in neurologic abnormalities that can be correlated with a structural lesion; however more subtle injury may result in disruption of critical neural pathways. There also appears to be an important relationship between brain injury in the cortex and the growth and developing cerebellum. Although the survival rate for premature has improved over the past decade, researchers remain concerned about the risk for adverse neurocognitive functioning in these early childhood, including an increased risk for cerebral... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542989 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:19 +0100 2542989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542987&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19439318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nip IS, Green JR, Marx DB This longitudinal investigation examines developmental changes in orofacial movements occurring during the early stages of communication development. The goals were to identify developmental trends in early speech motor performance and to determine how these trends differ across orofacial behaviors thought to vary in cognitive and linguistic demands (i.e., silent spontaneous movements, babble, and first words). Movements of the lower lip and jaw were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Twenty-four infants were observed every 3 months, from 9 to 21 months of age. Jaw and lower lip speed, and lower lip range of movement increased with age. Silent spontaneous movements were consistently slower than words, whereas kinematic measures ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542987 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 01:14:15 +0100 2542987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542982&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19539303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gorham-Rowan M, Fowler L The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in laryngeal aerodynamic measures during connected speech associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use. Eight women taking an OC, and eight others not taking an OC, participated in the study. Three trials of syllable /p/repetitions were obtained using a circumferentially vented face mask and small translabial tube. All participants were recorded on or near days 7 and 14 of their menstrual cycle. Subglottal pressure (P(SG)) and average airflow rates were obtained to determine laryngeal airway resistance. Glottal airflow measures of peak flow, minimum flow, alternating flow, as well as relative sound level (RSL) were obtained. P(SG) was obtained from the pressure peak associated with/p/. All ai... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542982 Wed, 20 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542983&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19482291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dromey C, Sanders M Electropalatometry is a useful clinical and research tool for measuring linguapalatal contact. The goal of this study was to examine intra-speaker variability in performance. Twenty individuals spoke VCV nonsense words using a schwa in the initial position, the 15 palatal consonants, and three corner vowels, /a/, /i/, /u/. A variability index was created to examine speaker consistency. Different aspects of articulation (i.e. place, manner, voicing, coarticulation) were compared. Significant differences for variability were found for place of articulation in the /i/ vowel context and for manner of articulation in the /a/ vowel context. Also for the /a/ vowel, significant differences were found between the commonly misarticulated /l/, /r/, and /s/. The data r... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542983 Fri, 08 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542985&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sudhir PM, Chandra PS, Shivashankar N, Yamini BK Psychogenic dysphonia refers to the loss of voice, in the absence of apparent structural or neurological pathology. It is a disorder seen more often in women and is usually associated with significant life events and emotional difficulties that may lead to conflict over speaking. Therapeutic interventions in voice disorders recommend the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The following is a case illustration of a 50-year-old married lady with dysphonia and significant marital difficulties. Learning outcomes: The case demonstrates the psychological issues in the onset and maintenance of psychogenic voice disorders. It also emphasizes the use of a multidisciplinary approach consisting of cognitive behavioural s... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542985 Sat, 02 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542984&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19464698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zupan B, Sussman JE Experiment 1 examined modality preferences in children and adults with normal hearing to combined auditory-visual stimuli. Experiment 2 compared modality preferences in children using cochlear implants participating in an auditory emphasized therapy approach to the children with normal hearing from Experiment 1. A second objective in both experiments was to evaluate the role of familiarity in these preferences. Participants were exposed to randomized blocks of photographs and sounds of ten familiar and ten unfamiliar animals in auditory-only, visual-only and auditory-visual trials. Results indicated an overall auditory preference in children, regardless of hearing status, and a visual preference in adults. Familiarity only affected modality preferences in a... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542984 Sat, 02 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542988&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19428024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller CA, Poll GH The purpose of the study was to investigate speed of processing in college students with a history of problems with language. Affected individuals (n=16) were identified through a self-reported history of language and/or reading difficulties, and compared to a group of 16 unaffected individuals. Measures of language ability and a battery of response time tasks were administered. Results showed that the affected group had lower language performance and slower response time than the unaffected group. Better language performance was associated with faster response time, and this relationship was stronger in the affected group. These findings are consistent with the literature showing that language impairment often persists into adulthood. Further investigation ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542988 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542986&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19439319%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Adults with language and attention deficits are more impaired at word learning than adults with language deficits only. Despite behavioral profiles like typical peers, adults with hDSWL may use different processing strategies than their peers. Learning Outcomes: Readers will be able to: (1) recognize the influence of a dual disability (hDSWL and ADHD) on word learning outcomes; (2) identify factors that may contribute to word learning in adults in terms of (a) the nature of the words to be learned and (b) the language processing of the learner. PMID: 19439319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542986 Sat, 04 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542996&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19394635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boey RA, Van de Heyning PH, Wuyts FL, Heylen L, Stoop R, De Bodt MS Awareness has been an important factor in theories of onset and development of stuttering. So far it has been suggested that even young children might be aware of their speech difficulty. The purpose of the present study was to investigate (a) the number of stuttering children aware of their speech difficulty, (b) the description of reported behavioural expression of awareness, (c) the relationship with age-related variables and with stuttering severity. For a total group of 1122 children with mean age of 4 year 7 months (range 2-7 years old), parental-reported unambiguous verbal and non-verbal reactions as a response to stuttering were available. In the present study, awareness is observed for 56.7% of the ve... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542996 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2542995&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19394957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Torre P, Barlow JA This paper addresses effects of age and sex on certain acoustic properties of speech, given conflicting findings on such effects reported in prior research. The speech of 27 younger adults (15 women, 12 men; mean age 25.5 years) and 59 older adults (32 women, 27 men; mean age 75.2 years) was evaluated for identification of differences for sex and age group across measures of fundamental and formant frequencies (F0, F1, F2 and F3) and voice onset time (VOT). There were significant sex-by-age group interactions for F0, F1, and VOT, some of which were specific to individual speech sounds. The findings suggest that further research on aging speech should focus on sex differences and the potential influence such changes may have on communication abilities of olde... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2542995 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2542995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2320781&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19324365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bahl M, Plante E, Gerken L Two experiments investigated the ability of adults with a history of language-based learning disability (hLLD) and their normal language (NL) peers to learn prosodic patterns of a novel language. Participants were exposed to stimuli from an artificial language and tested on items that required generalization of the stress patterns and the hierarchical principles of stress assignment that could be inferred from the input. In Study 1, the NL group successfully generalized the patterns of stress heard during familiarization, but failed to show generalization of the hierarchical principles. The hLLD group performed at chance for both types of generalization items. In Study 2, the intensity of stress elements was increased. The performance of the NL group... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2320781 Sat, 28 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2320781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2294280&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19304293%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that synchronous and asynchronous self-generated visual speech feedback is associated with significant reductions in overt stuttering frequency. Study results were discussed relative to existing theoretical models of fluency-enhancement via speech feedback, such as the engagement of mirror neuron networks, the EXPLAN model, and the Dual Premotor System Hypothesis. Further research in the area of self-generated visual speech feedback, as well as theoretical constructs accounting for how exposure to a multi-sensory speech feedback enhances fluency, is warranted. LEARNING OUTCOMES: : Readers will be able to (1) discuss the multi-sensory nature of fluency-enhancing speech feedback, (2) compare and contrast synchronous and asynchronous self-generated and external... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2294280 Sat, 28 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2294280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2177845&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19203766%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe considerations for more appropriate evaluation and treatment of speech sound disorders in Korean-English-speaking children. Learning outcomes: Readers will be able to: (1) understand phonological characteristics of the Korean language and speech sound acquisition and developmental patterns for phonological process in Korean children, (2) describe characteristics of English speech sound acquisition in successive bilingual English-Korean learners and interference patterns that result from the influence of two independent phonological and phonetic systems, and (3) describe considerations and clinical implications for the more appropriate evaluation and treatment of speech sound disorders in Korean-English speaking children. PMID: 19203766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2177845 Tue, 20 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2177845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2138299&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19167719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson KN, Karrass J, Conture EG, Walden T The purpose of this study was to investigate whether variations in disfluencies of young children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) significantly change their talker group classification or diagnosis from stutterer to nonstutterer, and vice versa. Participants consisted of seventeen 3- to 5-year-old CWS and nine 3- to 5-year-old CWNS, with no statistically significant between-group difference in chronological age (CWS: M=45.53 months, S.D.=8.32; CWNS: M=47.67 months, S.D.=6.69). All participants had speech, language, and hearing development within normal limits, with the exception of stuttering for CWS. Both talker groups participated in a series of speaking samples that varied by: (a) conversational partner [parent and clinicia... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2138299 Wed, 24 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2138299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2061834&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19100994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gerrits E, de Bree E Speech perception and speech production were examined in 3-year-old Dutch children at familial risk of developing dyslexia. Their performance in speech sound categorisation and their production of words was compared to that of age-matched children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing controls. We found that speech perception and production performance of children with SLI and children at familial risk of dyslexia was poorer than that of controls. The results of the at-risk and SLI-group were highly similar. Analysis of the individual data revealed that both groups contained subgroups with good and poorly performing children. Furthermore, their impaired expressive phonology seemed to be related to a deficit in speech perception. ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2061834 Wed, 12 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2061834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2056479&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19095245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bernardini S, Vanryckeghem M, Brutten GJ, Cocco L, Zmarich C The purpose of this factorial study was to establish normative data for the Italian version of the Communication Attitude Test (CAT) in order to determine whether or not the speech-associated attitude reported by Italian children who stutter (CWS) differs significantly from that of their nonstuttering peers (CWNS). Toward this end, the Italian CAT was administered to 149 CWS and 148 CWNS between the ages of 6 and 14. The results showed that the mean CAT score of the CWS sampled is higher, to a statistically significant extent, than that of their nonstuttering peers. Moreover, age and gender did not differentially affect this result. Together, these findings and the large between-group effect size suggest that the CAT... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2056479 Wed, 12 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2056479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2018358&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19054525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roy N, Nissen SL, Dromey C, Sapir S In a preliminary study, we documented significant changes in formant transitions associated with successful manual circumlaryngeal treatment (MCT) of muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), suggesting improvement in speech articulation. The present study explores further the effects of MTD on vowel articulation by means of additional vowel acoustic measures. Pre- and post-treatment audio recordings of 111 women with MTD were analyzed acoustically using two measures: vowel space area (VSA) and vowel articulation index (VAI), constructed using the first (F1) and second (F2) formants of 4 point vowels/ a, i, ae, u/, extracted from eight words within a standard reading passage. Pairwise t-tests revealed significant increases in both VSA and VAI, confirm... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2018358 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2018358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2018359&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19054524%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stolt S, Haataja L, Lapinleimu H, Lehtonen L The aim of this longitudinal study was to obtain information on the early lexical development and its predictive value to language skills in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) children. The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory was used to collect data of the early receptive and expressive lexicon of the 32 VLBW children. This information was compared to the data of 35 full-term controls. The children's language skills were tested using Reynell Developmental Language Scales at 2 years. The growth of the receptive lexicon was slower, and the language skills poorer in VLBW children. The early receptive lexicon growth was strongly associated with the performance in Reynell's test in VLBW children. The findings indicate that the small... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2018359 Sat, 25 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2018359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1921341&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18962672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bellandese MH The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between fundamental frequency (Fo) and gender identification in standard esophageal (ES) or tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers. Twenty-three male and 20 female ES and TE speakers participated in this study. Recordings of these speakers reading the Rainbow Passage were played to 48 listeners who indicated perceived gender in a forced choice format. Fo was determined using PC-AUDED [Boston University (1991). Using PC-AUDED, Audio-editor and analyses program for the study of periodic segments. Boston: Boston University]. Seventy-nine percent of the speakers were identified correctly for gender. No significant difference was found between the number of male and female or TE and ES speakers identified... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1921341 Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1921341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915175&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954874%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the stereotype that gay men lisp. Two clinicians who were unaware of the specific purpose of the study and the populations involved judged randomized audio-recordings of 175 gay males, 100 heterosexual males and 100 heterosexual females for the presence of lisping during reading of a standardized text. In the gay males a significantly higher prevalence of lisping was found than in the heterosexual males and females. Breakdown of the results of the gay participants in two different age groups showed a higher prevalence of lisping in the younger age group than in the older age group. No relation was found between lisping and age of coming-out or lisping and the probability of being gay as assessed by a questionnaire about sexual orientation. The origin of the high preval... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915175 Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1911733&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18952224%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated noun-verb retrieval patterns of 30 adults with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia and 67 typical adults, to determine if schizophrenia affected nouns (associated with temporal lobe function) differently from verbs (associated with frontal lobe function). Stimuli were homophonic homographic homonyms, balanced according to frequency of occurrence, where N>V, N<V, or N approximately V. Systematicity effects, in which systematic noun and verb meanings are transparently related (e.g., "drain"), and unsystematic noun and verb meanings appear to be unrelated (e.g., "seal"), were also examined. Adults with schizophrenia overselected nouns, in both phrase and sentence tasks. Typical participants strongly preferred verbs in the phrase task, but nouns in the sentence... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1911733 Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1911733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895830&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18930471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Volden J, Sorenson A The ability to vary language style or register is important for successfully navigating social situations. For example, we speak differently to our boss than we do to our children. This project examined whether high-functioning speakers with ASD were able to vary the language used for requests along continua of "politeness/bossiness", whether any such adjustments were similar to those made by appropriately matched controls, and whether speakers with ASD were able to accurately interpret politeness/bossiness registers. High-functioning children and adolescents (aged 6-16) with ASD were compared to matched typically developing children and adolescents on ability to (1) produce both "nice" and "bossy" requests to puppet listeners and, (2) to judge which of tw... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895830 Thu, 04 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1859877&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18838146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soto G, Solomon-Rice P, Caputo M Children who use augmentative and alternative communication have been found to experience significant difficulties in the production of fictional and personal narratives. The important role of personal narratives in establishing personal and social identity has received substantial attention in developmental psychology but little attention in the field of communication disorders. The present study analyzes the effect of an intervention program designed to improve the personal narrative skills of three girls who experience severe communication disorders and use AAC. The study included two personal narrative activities, a description of a personally meaningful photograph and a recount of a personal experience. Our findings indicate that participa... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1859877 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1859877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1856582&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18835607%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas-Stonell N, Oddson B, Robertson B, Rosenbaum P Parents of 210 preschool children (age 2-5.7) and their clinicians were asked to describe their expectations for therapy and the changes they observed following treatment. Based on content analysis of the parents' and clinicians' responses, it was apparent that the comments aligned with the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) framework. Parents and clinicians observed positive changes across the ICF-CY domains of Body Functions, Activities and Participation and Personal Factors following therapy. Parents noted twice as many changes in the Participation and Personal Factors domains as clinicians. Parents described improvements in... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1856582 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1856582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1747232&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18723184%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe a statistical technique, previously used in geological and biomedical research, which can be used to analyse all behaviors in compositional data sets, and give examples of its use with interaction data. The technique allows, for the first time, full comparison of entire patterns of multiple communication behaviors, both over time and between clinical groups. The technique will aid both basic and applied communication research. Learning outcomes: Readers will understand the advantages and limitations of frequency counts and proportions for the analysis of multiple behaviors. Readers will be able to analyze change in proportions of multiple behaviors within a data set between groups and across time. PMID: 18723184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Commun... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1747232 Sat, 12 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1747232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1701594&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18692197%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses the importance of vocal affect cues in interpreting emotion. Expression of vocal affect in persons with TBI is also briefly discussed since difficulty in controlling and manipulating vocal cues of emotion when speaking may also contribute to poor social outcomes. A review of the literature in acoustic parameters that contribute to identification and expression of emotions is followed by a discussion on the integration of visual and auditory cues in bimodal processing and the relationship between facial and vocal affect in persons with TBI. Learning Outcomes: Readers will be able to: 1) Identify the parameters primarily used to describe the acoustic characteristics of vocal affect; 2) Describe the acoustic parameters typically associated with Anger, Fear, Happiness an... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1701594 Wed, 09 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1701594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1552114&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18582894%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: MVP-online is an efficient, reliable and valid method for the assessment of intelligibility in dysarthria. It is useful for clinical standard diagnosis, for large-scale studies of speech motor impairment, and for longitudinal studies, e.g. in treatment research. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to (1) understand the requirements to be met by clinical methods of intelligibility testing in the assessment of dysarthria, (2) evaluate the design of a new, computer-based rhyme test, (3) estimate the value of a tele-diagnostic approach in diagnosis, and (4) discuss the psychometric properties of intelligibility testing methods. PMID: 18582894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1552114 Fri, 16 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1552114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544218&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18571195%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the recovery patterns of language and cognitive functions in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits and in patients with aphasia following a stroke. The correlation of specific language functions and cognitive functions was analyzed in the acute phase and 6 months later. Significant recovery of the tested functions was observed in both groups. However, in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits the degree of recovery of most language functions and some cognitive functions was higher. A significantly greater correlation was revealed within language and cognitive functions, as well as between language functions and other aspects of cognition in patients with post-traumatic language processing deficits than in patients with ap... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544218 Sun, 04 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1544218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1449707&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18482731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Isaki E, Spaulding TJ, Plante E The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of adults with language-based learning disorders (L/LD) and normal language controls on verbal short-term and verbal working memory tasks. Eighteen adults with L/LD and 18 normal language controls were compared on verbal short-term memory and verbal working memory tasks under low, moderate, and high linguistic processing loads. Results indicate no significant group differences on all verbal short-term memory tasks and verbal working memory tasks with low and moderate language loads. Statistically significant group differences were found on the most taxing condition, the verbal working memory task involving high language processing load. The L/LD group performed significantly worse than ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1449707 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1449707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1418666&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18452941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arnos KS Advances in genetics and genomics have quickly led to clinical applications to human health which have far-reaching consequences at the individual and societal levels. These new technologies have allowed a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in a wide range of disorders. During the past decade, incredible progress has been made in the identification of genes involved in the normal process of hearing. The resulting clinical applications have presented consumers with new information and choices. Many of the same gene identification techniques are increasingly being applied to the investigation of complex disorders of speech and language. In parallel with gene identification, studies of the legal, ethical and psychosocial impacts of the clinical applicat... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1418666 Tue, 25 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1418666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1373975&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18407286%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Savage C, Howell P The specific mechanisms that underlie childhood stuttering are not fully understood. The current study investigated these mechanisms by comparing the effect on fluency of priming different components of a short sentence. The main findings were that: (1) both children who stutter (CWS) (n=12, M age=6;3) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) (n=12, M age=6;6) were more fluent after function word (FW) priming than content word (CW) priming, (2) this effect was significantly greater for CWS than for CWNS, and (3) after FW priming, CWS produced CWs with significantly longer duration than did CWNS. These findings are discussed in relation to two competing theories of stuttering: the covert repair hypothesis (CRH) [Kolk, H., & Postma, A. (1997). Stuttering as ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1373975 Mon, 10 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1373975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1373976&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18405914%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Namasivayam AK, van Lieshout P, De Nil L This exploratory study investigated sensory-motor mechanisms in five people who stutter (PWS) and five people who do not (PNS). Lip kinematic and coordination data were recorded as they produced bi-syllabic nonwords at two rates (normal and fast) in three conditions (jaw-free, immediately after insertion of a bite-block, and after a 10-min accommodation period). At normal speech rates, effects of bite-blocks on lip kinematics were similar for both PWS and PNS speakers showing larger amplitudes, peak velocities, shorter durations and more stable movement cycle patterns. However, at fast speech rates upper lip responses of PWS exhibited larger amplitudes and peak velocities. At both speech rates, the presence of a bite-block changed movem... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1373976 Sun, 02 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1373976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1361356&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18394640%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Torre P, Howell JC The purpose of this study was to measure noise levels during aerobics classes and to examine how outer hair cell (OHC) function, using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), may be affected by this exposure. Fifty individuals (48 women and 2 men, ages 19-41 years) participated in 50-min aerobics classes. Noise levels were measured using noise dosimeters placed on the collar near the test ear. The audiometric protocol consisted of a questionnaire, otoscopy, screening tympanometry, and pre- and post-aerobics DPOAEs. The minute-by-minute peak noise levels varied between 90.5 and 99.7dBA. The overall mean noise level for the aerobics classes was 87.1dBA (range=83.4-90.7dBA). Mean post-aerobic DPOAE levels were lower at most frequencies with a statist... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1361356 Fri, 29 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1361356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1361355&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18395219%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller CA, Gilbert E Definitions of specific language impairment (SLI), for both research and clinical purposes, often state that nonverbal IQ scores must be within normal limits. This use of nonverbal IQ has been criticized on several grounds, including lack of equivalence between tests. In the current study, a sample of 204 adolescents with and without language impairment took two nonverbal IQ tests. Scores on the tests were compared, as was the classification of individuals into diagnostic categories according to the two tests. Results indicated that there were significant differences between test scores for clinical subgroups, and classification of individuals as having SLI varied substantially depending on the test used. The findings are interpreted as providing further e... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1361355 Fri, 29 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1361355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1311588&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18343396%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flipsen P, Parker RG In this descriptive, longitudinal study, phonological patterns (i.e., natural phonological processes) were examined in a set of conversational speech samples obtained from six young children fitted with cochlear implants. Both developmental and non-developmental patterns were observed. This is consistent with findings from previous studies of the speech of children with hearing loss who wear hearing aids. Several of the patterns found were also the same as those reported in previous studies of children with cochlear implants. One developmental pattern and two non-developmental patterns were significantly correlated with age demonstrating a decrease over time. Trends were evident in several other patterns suggesting possible directions for future investigat... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1311588 Sat, 09 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1311588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1258914&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18295779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whitehouse AJ, Barry JG, Bishop DV Some children with autism demonstrate poor nonword repetition-a deficit considered to be a psycholinguistic marker of specific language impairment (SLI). The present study examined whether there is an SLI subtype among children with autism. We compared the language abilities of children with SLI (n=34, M age=11;10 S.D.=2;3), and children with autism with (Apoor, n=18, M age=10;11 S.D.=3;1) and without (Aapp, n=16, M age=10;8 S.D.=2;7) structural language difficulties. Participants were administered battery of standardized language and memory tests. Although there were some similarities in the language profile of the SLI and Apoor groups, the two groups differed on the tests of oromotor ability and verbal short-term memory and showed a differe... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1258914 Sun, 20 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1258914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1258915&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18295230%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roch M, Jarrold C In order to examine whether any observed relationship between phonological awareness and reading ability in Down syndrome reflects the typical use of a phonologically based approach to reading, 12 children and young adults with Down syndrome were assessed for reading and phonological awareness skills. They were compared to a control group of 14 typically developing 6- and 7-year-olds of comparable word reading abilities. Results showed that, although individuals with Down syndrome had impaired nonword reading and phonological awareness skills, the same relationship held between these two abilities as was observed in the group of typically developing children. Moreover, individuals with Down syndrome read at least as well as the typically developing children w... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1258915 Sat, 19 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1258915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1208503&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18242630%26dopt%3DAbstract This article details three examinations of communication impairment over 13 months in a man with AIDS dementia complex (ADC) and compares his performance on standardised language testing with that of two control participants. He had mild language impairments as measured on standardised tests but was severely impaired in pragmatic language skills. When compared with control participants, he was particularly impaired in the skills of topic maintenance and informational redundancy and equally impaired as matched controls with AIDS on the items of non-specific vocabulary and excessive revisions. This man's communication impairment as a result of ADC, which was characterised by poor conversation skills in the absence of frank aphasia or dysarthria, may be related to non-linguistic cognitive imp... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1208503 Sat, 08 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1208503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1170411&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18206904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Froud K, van der Lely HK By the age of three, typically developing children can draw conceptual distinctions between "kinds of individual" and "kinds of stuff" on the basis of syntactic structures. They differ from adults only in the extent to which syntactic knowledge can be over-ridden by semantic properties of the referent. However, the relative roles of syntax and semantics in determining the nature of the count-mass distinction in language acquisition are still not well-understood. This paper contributes to this debate by studying novel noun acquisition in a subgroup of children, aged 8-15 years, with specific language impairment, whose core deficits are limited to within the grammatical system (G-SLI), We conducted two experiments: a production task and a word extension ... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1170411 Tue, 04 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1170411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1112817&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18096182%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Betz IR, Blood GW, Blood IM To determine how early "the stuttering stereotype" is assigned, 160 university students rated a hypothetical vignette depicting either a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-year-old with or without the statement "He stutters". A factor analysis of the semantic differential scale showed a three-factor solution comprised of 17 of the 25 bi-polar adjective pairs. The factor labeled personality showed significantly more negative ratings for 2-, 4-, 5-, or 6-year-old children based on the inclusion of the "He stutters" sentence. There were no differences between male and female raters. A significant difference was found between raters who were knew someone who stuttered and raters who did not know someone who stuttered on the personality factor. Raters who were knew someon... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1112817 Sat, 17 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1112817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=912355&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17169368%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Increases in mothers' responsiveness and children's engagement in social interactions are consistent with the theoretical mechanisms of the social interaction model of language intervention. The results suggest that further randomized control trials of this intervention approach are warranted. PMID: 17169368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Communication Disorders) Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=912355 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 01:05:22 +0100 912355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=912354&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17223125%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Borsel J, Van Rentergem S, Verhaeghe L This paper reports the results of a pilot study that investigated the prevalence of lisping in a cohort of young adults. The motivation for the study was the observation that a substantial number of incoming students in speech language pathology at the Ghent University (Belgium), still presented with frontal lisping of the /s/, /z/ and sometimes other alveolar sounds too. Seven hundred and forty eight students (374 females, 374 males), native speakers of Dutch, were video-recorded while reading aloud the Dutch version of the text "The north wind and the sun..." from the International Phonetic Association (1974). Analysis of the samples yielded an overall prevalence of lisping of 23.3%. Significantly less participants presented with li... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=912354 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 01:05:20 +0100 912354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=912353&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17343872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Campbell WN, Skarakis-Doyle E Reports of associated disabilities among children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with other developmental disabilities are widespread. Clinicians require a broader definition of SLI that recognizes associated disabilities because it is their goal to impact children's everyday functioning. In this paper, we explore SLI from a broader perspective in which consideration is given to features known to be common across different developmental disabilities. The World Health Organization's (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is utilized as an organizational and conceptual framework for considering how knowledge of commonalities across developmental disabilities may be used to promote collab... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=912353 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 01:05:19 +0100 912353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=912352&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17391692%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effects of high front (HF) vowels and low back (LB) vowels on inter-listener and intra-listener reliability in rating hypernasality. Audio recorded samples of two sentences, one containing only high front vowels and one containing only low back vowels, were judged by two expert listeners. Speakers were 25 children; 20 hypernasal and 5 with normal resonance. The inter-listener ratings for LB samples were more similar than the inter-listener ratings for HF samples (t=3.20, (24), p=.004). The mean difference between the two listeners' ratings for the LB samples was 46.32 (S.D. 49.66) and for the HF samples 85.39 (S.D. 85.81). For intra-listener reliability, the ratings for the LB vowels were significantly more similar for one listener but not for the other. Additio... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=912352 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 01:05:17 +0100 912352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=912362&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16978640%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burton VJ, Watkins RV This preliminary study investigated the potential of using a dynamic approach to assessing expressive word mapping. Because measuring word mapping with productive language responses is much more difficult than measuring receptive word mapping, incorporating a dynamic measure allowed us to tap partial mapping and provided useful information on word learning. Participants were 24 typically developing African American children, from high-risk backgrounds and low-risk backgrounds, as determined by school and family demographics. Performance was compared on the PPVT-III and on the dynamic assessment of word mapping. The dynamic assessment of word mapping provided information about complete and partial mapping of words. Additionally, there was an interaction be... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=912362 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 912362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=912361&cid=s_36331_52_f&fid=36331&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17113096%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCrea CR, Morris RJ The purpose of this study was to examine the voice onset times of female trained and untrained singers during spoken and sung tasks. Thirty females were digitally recorded speaking and singing short phrases containing the English stop consonants /p/ and /b/ in the word-initial position. Voice onset time was measured for each phoneme and statistically analyzed. Mixed-ANOVAs revealed significantly longer voice onset time durations during speech for /p/ as compared to sung productions. No significant differences between the trained singers and untrained singers were observed. In addition, no task differences occurred for the /b/ productions. The results indicated that the type of phonatory task influences VOT for voiceless stops in females. LEARNING OUTCOMES:... Journal of Communication Disorders journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=912361 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 912361