MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Community Health' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 07:35:57 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663110&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F608l5470636p6763%2F Abstract  In 2010, the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (CBCHS) received a donation of HPV vaccine (Gardasil®) to immunize girls of ages 9–13 years in the North West Region of Cameroon. We evaluated the effectiveness of the CBCHS campaign program in sensitizing parents/guardians to encourage HPV vaccine uptake, identified factors that influence parents’ decisions to vaccinate girls, and examined the uptake of cervical cancer screening among mothers. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in four healthcare facilities run by CBCHS, churches and other social settings. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed and 317 were used for the analysis. There were high levels of awareness about cervical cancer, HPV and HPV vaccine. 75.5% understood HPV is sexua... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663110 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:03 +0100 5663110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663111&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd61131v11057175t%2F Abstract  Our study identifies the prevalence of HBV virus (HBV) screening and vaccination among Asian Americans, and ethnic differences for factors associated with screening and vaccination behaviors. In 2009–2010 we recruited 877 Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese Americans 18 years of age and above through several community organizations, churches and local ethnic businesses in Maryland for a health education intervention and a self-administered survey. Prevalence of HBV screening, screening result and vaccinations were compared by each ethnic group. We used logistic regression analysis to understand how sociodemographics, familial factors, patient-, provider-, and resource-related barriers are associated with screening and vaccination behaviors, using the total samp... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663111 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:02 +0100 5663111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663112&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcr2568um76253934%2F Abstract  We explored attitudes about prevention, screening and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese communities. We use qualitative methods in 12 focus groups (n = 113) of adults who self-reported their ethnicity to be Chinese, Korean, or Vietnamese. We use grounded theory (i.e., consensus-building between co-coders about recurring, emerging themes) for analysis. Diet, nutrition, fatigue and stress were misidentified as HBV causes. Improving hygiene, diet, exercise, and holistic methods were misidentified as viable HBV prevention methods. Common screening problems included not affording test and not understanding test results. Participants shared reasons for using complementary and alternative medicine—when Western me... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663112 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:01 +0100 5663112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623444&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F288110624k2l5580%2F Abstract  The level of health care spending in the United States and other developed nations is rising at a disturbingly rapid rate. However, in the United States, these increases are not justified by superior performance. Rather, most other wealthy countries’ inhabitants live longer and suffer from fewer medical problems than the average American. This paper demonstrates the continued abundance of opportunities for substantially reducing health care costs without decreasing the quality of care. In particular, it emphasizes the need to reduce the practice of defensive medicine and to enlarge the cadre of non-specialist physicians who educate future doctors. Such cost-saving opportunities are not rare phenomena but are widely available and offer the United States opportuni... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623444 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:54:50 +0100 5623444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623445&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh030520214268178%2F Abstract  All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) continue to be an increasing cause of injuries and deaths in children, especially in rural communities. More children die in the United States each year from ATV-related events than from bicycle crashes. The purpose of this study was to determine the ATV anticipatory guidance practices of primary care providers, as well as their attitudes, knowledge, and the barriers faced in educating families about the risk of ATV use. An electronic survey was administered to primary care providers belonging to state medical societies. More than 60% of respondents (Total N = 218) believed that ATV anticipatory guidance was important to provide to pediatric patients and their families. However, 78% stated they provide ATV safety counseling less th... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623445 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:54:48 +0100 5623445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5590238&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F34m5r57q657402g8%2F Abstract  Youth violence (YV) is a complex public health issue that spans geographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines. The Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center conducts qualitative and quantitative research on YV in Hawai‘i. A critical element in YV prevention involves measuring YV and its risk-protective factors to determine the scope of the problem and to monitor changes across time. Under the Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center’s (APIYVPC’s) surveillance umbrella, a variety of methodologies are utilized. The major forms of active surveillance are a School-Wide Survey for youth, and a Safe Community Household Survey for adults. A variety of secondary data sources are accessed, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevent... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5590238 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:40:12 +0100 5590238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5590237&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb34g0536k11q363x%2F Abstract  This observational study describes the development of the college resources and sexual health inventory, the profile of sexual health promotion resources at participating colleges, and comparisons of resources across several college characteristics. 28 diverse college campuses in one Midwestern state participated. 10 domains were assessed, including characteristics of campus health services (e.g. convenience), condom programs, sexual health information, communication about resources, sexual violence resources and gay/lesbian/bisexual student resources. Scores for each measure reflected the presence or extent of each resource. Summary scores were created for the overall level of sexual health resources and for each domain. T tests and ANOVAs were used to compare res... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5590237 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:40:12 +0100 5590237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5590241&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F33l570551346j36n%2F In this study, a database was built with the use of GIS to examine the distribution of cancer cases and maps relating to cancer events in allocation units were created. Cancer cases data registered from 1999 to 2008, by the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Biology and Treatment of Tumors—University of Gezira in El Gezira State, was used as case in this study. Using ArcGIS, the distribution of cancer cases were presented on cancer maps including allocation units and incidence values, which were calculated for each villages and locality region. According to the world standards, cancer rates were determined and examined by the spatial analysis power of GIS. The research concluded that cancer cases were increased, in some localities over the past 10 years (1999–2008).... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5590241 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 16:52:14 +0100 5590241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5590240&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb2803j8183w40733%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention to help women meet weight gain goals during pregnancy. From 2007 to 2008, pregnant women were recruited at a clinic in Chicago. Intervention participants received an educational pamphlet at their first prenatal visit. At follow up visits, provider counseling was encouraged via a weight gain trend graph and targeted feedback checklist. The primary outcome was the total weight gained over the course of prenatal care. We analyzed 57 intervention group participants and 109 controls. Demographic composition was similar between the groups except for parity. Patients in the intervention group and routine care group gained similar weight (24.5 + 13.5 lb vs. 25.3 + 14.0 lb, P = 0... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5590240 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 16:52:14 +0100 5590240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5590239&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu564507q1836511m%2F This study examined the perceived barriers to adopting an Asian-language quitline service among agencies that fund current state quitline services across the U.S. A self-administered survey on organizational readiness was sent to the funding agencies of 47 states plus Washington D.C. that currently fund state quitlines in English and Spanish, but not in Asian languages (response rate = 58%). The 2010 Census and the 2009 North American Quitline Consortium Survey were used to obtain the proportion of Asians among the state population and state quitline funding level, respectively. The most frequently cited reasons for not adopting an Asian quitline are: the Asian population in the state would be too small (71.4%), costs of service would be too high (57.1%), and the belief tha... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5590239 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 16:52:14 +0100 5590239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555896&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3j0384176mq04703%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CommentaryPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9537-5Authors Peter J. Levin, Washington, DC, USARick Bateman, Cheetah Consulting, Tampa, FL, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555896 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:52:42 +0100 5555896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5555897&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe468t353v78l0q13%2F This study provided a model of the inter-relationships among physiological factors such as the Good walker’s Index, Toe-gap force and falls, as well as vision and falls. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9531-yAuthors Mizue Hiura, Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1, Kuhonji, Kumamoto city, 862-0976 JapanHiroyo Nemoto, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, JapanKazuko Nishisaka, Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1, Kuhonji, Kumamoto city, 862-0976 JapanKiyomi Higashi, Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 4-24-1, Kuhonji,... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5555897 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 16:45:23 +0100 5555897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548363&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx4175x7t40x35043%2F Abstract  There is strong evidence that razors, barber’s scissors, nail files and body piercing instruments are risk factors for transmission of hepatitis B and C. to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding hepatitis B and C virus among barbers in Sana’a city. KAP study was conducted from July–September 2011. Two hundred and thirty four barbershops were surveyed. Out of 234 barber shops, 73.1% heard about viral hepatitis B and C. The awareness of modes of transmission of hepatitis and the different sources/risk factors were moderate, ranging from 51.6% who knew that hepatitis can be transmitted through sexual transmitted to 82.1% who knew that hepatitis can be transmitted through blood transfusion. 54.9% of barbers did not agree that it was essent... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548363 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 16:42:49 +0100 5548363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5541385&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F56224773qh515401%2F Abstract  To assess retailer compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations on tobacco sales and advertising practices, including point-of-sale advertisements, in two distinct Columbus, Ohio neighborhood groups by income. Data were gathered from a random sample of 129 licensed tobacco retailers, which included data on both exterior and interior advertisements as well as sales practices. Descriptive analyses compared retail outlets by high and low income neighborhood locations. Compliance with FDA regulations was high in the random sample of urban tobacco retail outlets. None of the retail outlets sold loose cigarettes or offered free items with purchase. Less than 10% of the outlets surveyed offered self-service access to cigarettes or smokeless tobacco prod... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5541385 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 16:54:28 +0100 5541385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5541386&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl543046gv0768264%2F Abstract  To better understand and promote physical activity on a newly constructed trail, the present study examined the demographic characteristics and physical activity behaviors of trail users; the demographic characteristics of trail users compared to the demographic profile Greenville County, South Carolina residents; trail users’ purpose for using the trail; the distance trail users traveled to access the trail from their homes; channels through which trail users learned about the trail; and trail characteristics liked by trail users. Using a valid and reliable intercept survey, 1,148 trail users were interviewed. Trail users were mostly white (93.1%), male (59.1%) adults (84.2%) who reported using the trail for exercise (91%). Significant associations were identif... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5541386 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 16:54:27 +0100 5541386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5541387&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2p5104605837w773%2F Abstract  This community-based participatory research project used popular education techniques to support and educate Hispanic farmworker families in planting and maintaining organic gardens. Measures included a pre- post gardening survey, key informant interviews and observations made at community-based gardening meetings to assess food security, safety and family relationships. Thirty-eight families enrolled in the study during the pre-garden time period, and four more families enrolled in the study during the post-garden period, for a total of 42 families enrolled in the 2009 gardening season. Of the families enrolled during the pre-gardening time period there were 163 household members. The mean age of the interviewee was 44.0, ranging from 21 to 78 years of age. ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5541387 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 16:37:32 +0100 5541387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5541388&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F16ru035543q153mj%2F Abstract  Among a sample of sheltered homeless women, we examined health, access to health care, and health care use overall and among the subgroup of participants with and without intimate partner violence (IPV). We recruited homeless women from a random sampling of shelters in New York City, and queried them on health, access to health care and health care use. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined whether IPV was associated with past-year use of emergency, primary care and outpatient mental health services. Of the 329 participants, 31.6% reported one or more cardiovascular risk factors, 32.2% one or more sexually transmitted infections, and 32.2% any psychiatric condition. Three-fourths (73.5%) had health insurance. Health care use varied: 55.4% used eme... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5541388 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 16:43:09 +0100 5541388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5530675&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F691t5p2l2m460212%2F Abstract  Most people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) disclose their serostatus to their sexual partners and take steps to protect their partners from HIV. Prior research indicates that some PLWHA portray themselves to their sexual partners as HIV-negative or otherwise misrepresent their HIV status. The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of misleading sexual partners about HIV status and to identify factors associated with misleading. A sample of 310 PLWHA completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demographic information, disclosure, HIV knowledge, HIV altruism, psychopathy, and sexual risk behavior. Participants were also asked “Since you were diagnosed as having HIV, have you ever misled a sexual partner about your HIV status?” Overall, 18.6% of... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5530675 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 16:54:01 +0100 5530675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5530676&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw385623505011w0u%2F Abstract  Available data indicate that Asian Americans as a group have lower levels of physical activity than non-Latino whites. However, few studies have focused on physical activity among Asian American sub-groups. Our objectives were to describe levels of physical activity, as well as individual and environmental correlates of physical activity among Cambodian Americans. We conducted a telephone survey of Cambodians living in three geographic areas (Central California, Northern California, and the Pacific Northwest) during 2010. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. Survey items addressed demographic characteristics, knowledge about the health benefits of physical activity, social norms and su... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5530676 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 16:54:00 +0100 5530676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5499584&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpnl012w5h1t5q475%2F This study aims to explore the sociodemographic determinants of leisure participation among the Malaysian elderly. A cross-sectional study was conducted among persons aged 60 years and above, purposively selected from eight health clinics in the state of Selangor. Leisure participation was measured using a validated Leisure Participation Questionnaire specific for Malaysian elderly, consisting of 25 activities, categorized into 4 categories, namely recreational (physical), cognitive, social and productive. Frequency of such participation was measured on a 6-point scale. Its association with sociodemographic variables was examined using inferential and regression analysis. 268 participants were involved in this study (response rate = 100%). The most common daily leisure... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5499584 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 17:04:22 +0100 5499584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5499585&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx440714010565273%2F Abstract  Description of the consumer food environment has proliferated in publication. However, there has been a lack of systematic reviews focusing on how the consumer food environment is associated with the following: (1) neighborhood characteristics; (2) food prices; (3) dietary patterns; and (4) weight status. We conducted a systematic review of primary, quantitative, observational studies, published in English that conducted an audit of the consumer food environment. The literature search included electronic, hand searches, and peer-reviewed from 2000 to 2011. Fifty six papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies reported stores in low income neighborhoods or high minority neighborhoods had less availability of healthy food. While, four studies found there was no d... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5499585 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 17:04:21 +0100 5499585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5499586&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn275530841343051%2F Abstract  Mutual help is essential to the human race to progress to a full humanity. Participating in voluntary associations has multiple benefits and makes a bigger contribution to resiliency in socio-economically deprived neighborhoods. Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess the role of women’s iddirs (burial societies) in promoting their lives, particularly in terms of their social and economic well-being. We employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey. The study population from which the survey data were collected was members of five women’s iddirs’. Majority of them (52.5%) reported that their iddirs helped them to a great extent to become more connected with the people in their local community and 36.4% reported that their confidence has increased ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5499586 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 17:04:20 +0100 5499586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5499587&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv0007164524t7414%2F Abstract  Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HBV and HCV) infections are among the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. Chronic viral hepatitis is the cause of most primary liver cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer deaths globally and the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The extent to which comprehensive cancer control (CCC) programs in states, tribal governments and organizations, territories, and Pacific Island jurisdictions address chronic hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C infections as risk factors for liver cancer or recommend interventions for liver cancer prevention in their CCC plans remains unknown. We searched CCC plans for this information using the search tool at http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/ncccp/ to access th... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5499587 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 18:11:52 +0100 5499587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491068&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv3w278183730743t%2F This study suggests that effective trainings can improve promotoras knowledge and behaviors for the promotion of healthy homes in the community. Further evaluation is needed to investigate whether these trainings allow promotoras to serve as role models within their communities “by educating through example” and thereby enhance their credibility as health educators. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9526-8Authors Rose L. Lucio, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2101 South McColl Road, McAllen, TX 78503, USAGenny Carrillo Zuniga, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2101 South McColl Road, McAllen, TX 78503, USAYoon-Ho S... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491068 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 16:42:50 +0100 5491068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481358&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxr16135248084088%2F In conclusion, the community pharmacy is a viable location for implementation of community-based public health initiatives related to smoking cessation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9519-7Authors Matthew A. Hoch, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USAKaren Suchanek Hudmon, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USALinh Lee, Ralphs Grocery Company, Compton, CA, USARebecca Cupp, Ralphs Grocery Company, Compton, CA, USALinda Aragon, Tobacco Control and Prevention Program, County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USARachel A. Tyree, Tobacco Cessation and Media Initiatives, County of Los Angeles Depar... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481358 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:35:54 +0100 5481358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481359&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn58m064182732r00%2F Abstract  In 1994, Tennessee, the third largest tobacco-producing state in the U.S., preempted tobacco regulation. However, in 2005, higher educational institutions were exempted from this preemption and the 2007 Non-Smoker Protection Act required educational facilities to create smoke-free environment. To this date, while all higher educational institutions have some sort of smoke-free policy, East Tennessee State University is the only public institution with a tobacco-free policy. We investigated attitudes and behaviors of the university personnel, the most stable segment of the population, toward the policy and compliance with it using an internet-based survey. All employees (2,318) were invited to participate in a survey; 58% responded. Bivariate analyses found 79% of ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481359 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:35:53 +0100 5481359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472488&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc067r0q425390446%2F Abstract  We examine how distance to a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility, patient hometown classification (e.g., small rural town), and service-connected disability are associated with veterans’ utilization of radiation therapy services across the VHA and Medicare. In 2008, 45,914 dually-enrolled veteran patients received radiation therapy. Over 3-quarters (35,513) of the patients received radiation therapy from the Medicare program. Younger age, male gender, shorter distance to a VHA facility, and VHA priority or disability status increased the odds of utilizing the VHA. However, veterans residing in urban areas were less likely to utilize the VHA. Urban dwelling patients’ utilization of Medicare instead of the VHA suggests a complex decision that incorpora... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472488 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:14:01 +0100 5472488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472489&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb37n351071468458%2F This study is aimed at investigating the factors determining the timing of first prenatal care (PNC) visit and the number of PNC visits among a national representative sample of Nepali women. Data was drawn from the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey on women age 15–49 years old who had delivery within three years prior to the survey (N = 4,136). Multinomial logistic regression was used to study the association between socio-demographic variables and two outcome variables—the timing of first PNC and number of PNC visits. Most of the women (45%) started prenatal care after 3 months of pregnancy while 28% had no care. About 43% of women had 1–3 PNC visits, 29% had more than 3 visits. Age, education, parity and wealth were associated with both the timing o... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472489 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 19:31:05 +0100 5472489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452804&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F316h5816403mt427%2F Abstract  Use of mammograms to detect presence of breast cancer is influenced by many factors, including ability to access mammography services. Access to services is often affected by the capacity of mammography facilities to serve women. We sought to describe the capacity of mammography facilities to conduct mammograms in a largely urban area of Texas. We used a 24-item survey to all mammography facilities in Texas Public Health Region 6/5 South. The survey contained questions across six domains: facility type, scheduling, staffing, mechanical capacity, cost/payment methods, and patient reminders. We received or completed 60 surveys (43%). Most of the facilities were open only Monday through Friday (61.7%) and were open only during typical business hours (51.7%). About 83... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452804 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 16:48:16 +0100 5452804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452803&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F30420576406gk20k%2F Abstract  To examine what sources of health information are preferred by first-time mothers-to-be and how these preferences change by the time their child reaches school age. Women expecting their first child (n = 649), recruited in a randomized trial of early childhood caries prevention at all five public maternity hospitals in Adelaide, were questioned about their preferences for health information. Their preferences were assessed again 4 and 7 years later. Answers at 7 years were compared with those of a population-based cohort of mothers with a first child of the same age. Parents were listed most frequently as a preferred source of health information during pregnancy (67.8%) followed by health care practitioners (48.8%). By the time the child reache... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452803 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 16:48:16 +0100 5452803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452805&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5766521305801725%2F In this study, we explored medical mistrust among Hmong women and men, their experiences with discrimination in health care, and how these factors may influence Hmong women’s breast and cervical cancer screening behavior. We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with women and men who were members of the Hmong community in Oregon. Transcripts of 83 interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Despite personally trusting Western medicine and the health care system, participants shared reasons that some Hmong people feel mistrust including lack of understanding or familiarity, culture, and tradition. Although mistrust was thought to result in delaying or avoiding breast or cervical cancer screening, more frequently trust was described as positively influencing screening.... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452805 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:45:31 +0100 5452805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452806&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7xh3070258151325%2F Abstract  Employment status is related to treatment recovery and quality of life in breast cancer survivors, yet little is known about return to work in immigrant and minority survivors. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using ethnically cohesive focus groups of urban breast cancer survivors who were African-American, African-Caribbean, Chinese, Filipina, Latina, or non-Latina white. We audio- and video-recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded the focus group discussions and we analyzed the coded transcripts within and across ethnic groups. Seven major themes emerged related to the participants’ work experiences after diagnosis: normalcy, acceptance, identity, appearance, privacy, lack of flexibility at work, and employer support. Maintaining a sense of n... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452806 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:59:46 +0100 5452806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452808&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm575x64451013042%2F Abstract  Our study aimed to determine, for patients who had undergone recent colonoscopy, associations between specific colonoscopy patient characteristics, exam characteristics and patients’ perception of colonoscopy reducing their risk of dying from colorectal cancer. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data (2004–2008) from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry, consisting of a Self-report Questionnaire, Colonoscopy Report form, and a Follow-up Questionnaire, which measured agreement responses to the statement, “Having a colonoscopy decreased my chances of dying from colon cancer”. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess differences in patient responses by patient and colonoscopy characteristics. A majority of patients (N =&n... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452808 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:59:45 +0100 5452808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452807&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6h4m453jj272w2t0%2F Abstract  In the UK the most disadvantaged in society are more likely than those more affluent to be injured or killed in a road traffic collision and therefore it is a major cause of health inequality. There is a strong link between ethnicity, deprivation and injury. Whilst national road traffic injury data does not collect ethnic origin the London accident and analysis group does in terms of broad categories such as ‘white’, ‘black’ and ‘Asian’. Analysis of this data revealed the over-representation of child pedestrian casualties from a ‘black’ ethnic origin. This information led road safety practitioners in one London borough to map child pedestrian casualties against census data which identified the Somali community as being particularly at risk of being... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452807 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:59:45 +0100 5452807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5446052&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq2243x11ht422367%2F This article provides an explanation of the key components that have contributed to the success of the Men’s Health Forum, including challenges and lessons learned. It is intended that this information be replicated in other communities in an effort to eliminate health disparities. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9510-3Authors Cathy G. Grant, Moffitt Diversity, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CAN CONT, Tampa, FL 33612, USAJenna L. Davis, Health Outcomes & Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MRC-CAN CONT, Tampa, FL 33612, USABrian M. Rivers, Health Outcomes & Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Driv... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5446052 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:09:45 +0100 5446052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5446053&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F326k57381uw93683%2F Abstract  Using a sample of 13,500 adolescents (53% female and 47% male) who participated in all four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study used multilevel regression to examine the influence of early structural community adversity (as measured by rates of community poverty, single-parent headed families, and two indicators of employment) and racial/ethnic status on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of young adults (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure). The moderating role of youth’s socioeconomic attainment was also examined. Results indicate that early community adversity and African American racial status place young adults at risk for CVD. Youth’s socioeconomic attainment does not ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5446053 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 16:53:51 +0100 5446053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5435726&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx232421513p85207%2F The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with high body fat in adolescents. A cross-sectional study conducted with 601 students from both sexes aged 14–17 years who live in Midwestern state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body adiposity was assessed by the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds. Sociodemographic variables such as lifestyle, aerobic fitness and nutritional status were assessed. For data analysis, Poisson regression multivariable was used. The prevalence of high body fat was 51.2% for girls and 31.2% for boys. Higher prevalences of high body fat were observed for girls aged 16–17 years (PR: 1.15, CI 95%: 1.07–1.24) and overweight (PR: 1.36, CI 95%: 1.27–1.44) and for boys with high socioeconomic level (PR: 1.21, C... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5435726 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:34:37 +0100 5435726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5435729&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5t372710421x2361%2F Abstract  Cancer is a leading cause of death in the Appalachian region of the United States. Existing studies compare regional mortality rates to those of the entire nation. We compare cancer mortality rates in Appalachia to those of the nation, with additional comparisons of Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties within the 13 states that contain the Appalachian region. Lung/bronchus, colorectal, female breast and cervical cancers, as well as all cancers combined, are included in analysis. Linear regression is used to identify independent associations between ecological socioeconomic and demographic variables and county-level cancer mortality outcomes. There is a pattern of high cancer mortality rates in the 13 states containing Appalachia compared to the rest of the Uni... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5435729 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:34:36 +0100 5435729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5435728&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm671143043133x33%2F Abstract  We sought to explore concepts of healthy diet and to elicit recommendations to support healthier eating among urban, low-income, African Americans. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 self-identified African American adults (18–81 years of age, 15 male participants) from a low-income neighborhood in west Philadelphia, PA, during summer and fall 2008. Our qualitative approach was continuous, iterative and thematic considering gender, age category, and participants’ “mentions” of fast-food and fruit-and-vegetable intake from the preceding day. We found that participants shared concepts about broad nutritional principles consistent with national dietary recommendations, but disagreed about the healthfulness of specific foods—e.g. meat. On a... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5435728 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:34:36 +0100 5435728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5435727&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw6766317062445vg%2F This study utilized a case study method to tell the story of a campus and community coalition (CCC) implemented on a large university campus in the Northeast. The study employed multiple methods including archival document review, review of campus and community level data (i.e. alcohol-related arrests and sanctions) and analysis of student level data. The case study discusses the strategies employed, the environmental changes that occurred and the impact these changes have had on student drinking and consequences. Since implementing the campus and community coalition, the campus has seen an increase in enforcement by campus and local police, changes in community by-laws, and significant reductions in student drinking and consequences. The data provide evidence that a comprehensive ap... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5435727 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:34:36 +0100 5435727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5414877&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6264152t38kx208x%2F Abstract  There is increasing interest in raising chickens in urban settings across North America. Current regulations on backyard chickens vary by jurisdiction due to concerns about perceived health threats. Proposed negative impacts on public health and community well-being include infectious diseases acquired through rearing practices or consumption of eggs, inappropriate waste management, interaction with pests and predators and nuisance factors such as noise and odour. Proposed benefits are derived largely from the human-animal bond and from feelings of autonomy over food selection. The importance or validity of claims of positive and negative effects cannot be supported by literature specific to the urban agriculture context. Public health practitioners might approach... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5414877 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 16:55:15 +0100 5414877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5414878&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk5wj0470k0h24025%2F This report includes data collected from 163 Latino males recruited throughout rural Arkansas and four New York City boroughs for the Esperanza y Vida program, designed to evaluate cancer screening outcomes among Latinas and address their health care needs and cancer control challenges. Basic demographics and identical pre- and post-program knowledge surveys were collected and analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and SAS 9.2. Results from this study suggest Latino men have little knowledge about breast or cervical cancer screening and are unfamiliar with their partners’ screening histories. Male participants were also less likely to complete program assessment forms (pre, post, demographic questionnaires) and more likely to commit response errors (i.e. multiple answers, illegible responses). T... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5414878 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:54:51 +0100 5414878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5414879&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb68076143r255221%2F This study demonstrates disparities in achievement of diabetes management quality goals among Somali patients compared with non-Somali patients, highlighting the need for additional system and practice changes to target this particularly vulnerable population. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9499-7Authors Mark L. Wieland, Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55904, USAT. Ben Morrison, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USAStephen S. Cha, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USAAhmed S. Rahman, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Mayo Clinic College of M... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5414879 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:54:50 +0100 5414879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394079&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3542700674814370%2F This article provides a model intervention program developed by a quality improvement committee at a Northwest Ohio community health center that is credited with significantly reducing rates of patient failure to keep scheduled medical and dental clinic appointments. The approach of this intervention program is different from others in that it was primarily designed to help patients learn how to become part of the solution to the problem. Community health center staff accomplishes this through engaging patients in a respectful and courteous manner and helping them understand the importance of their involvement in maintaining an efficient scheduling process to benefit all patients. Data collected from outpatient appointment records before and after implementation of the program indic... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394079 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:08:54 +0100 5394079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394078&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb12w26n082767460%2F In conclusion, researchers should find ways to work with and for AI/ANs, assuring participant input in the research process. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9502-3Authors Melissa K. Filippi, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USAKristin L. Young, Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4125 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USANiaman Nazir, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS 1030, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USAChandler Williams, Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, M... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394078 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:08:54 +0100 5394078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394080&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg4mr562r5879740p%2F Abstract  A cross-sectional survey of 507 in- and out-patients, with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was undertaken to study the relationships between personal, disease and treatment-related factors and diabetes control in a tertiary care hospital. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, self-efficacy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.92–4.54); P < 0.001) was the single most important determinant of current diabetes control (HbA1c ≤ 7%), along with absence of hyperglycemic symptoms in the past year (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.15–2.93, P < 0.01), current treatment with oral medication (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.17–2.66; P < 0.007),... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394080 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:45:26 +0100 5394080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394081&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp90630wu77662835%2F This study examined demographic and lifestyle factors that influenced decisions and obstacles to being screened for colorectal cancer in low-income African Americans in three urban Tennessee cities. As part of the Meharry Community Networks Program (CNP) needs assessment, a 123-item community survey was administered to assess demographic characteristics, health care access and utilization, and screening practices for various cancers in low-income African Americans. For this study, only African Americans 50 years and older (n = 460) were selected from the Meharry CNP community survey database. There were several predictors of colorectal cancer screening such as being married and having health insurance (P < .05). Additionally, there were associations between... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394081 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:45:25 +0100 5394081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394082&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm453236q64527770%2F Abstract  Few studies have examined potential factors that contribute to low influenza vaccination rates among minority children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of early childhood influenza vaccination among young black and Latino children, living in inner-city neighborhoods, and examine the effects of child, caregiver and health system factors. Secondary data analysis was performed using a survey about medical home experiences conducted from May 2007–June 2008. The study sample was limited to children ≥6 months in any influenza season prior to the 2006–2007 influenza season. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression tested associations between influenza vaccination receipt and socio-demographic and health system characteristics. One-thi... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394082 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:51:55 +0100 5394082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5371288&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F31g6244rh2v71g3x%2F The objectives of this study were to evaluate the characteristics (demographic, access to care, health-related behavioral, self and family medical history, psychosocial) of women age 40 years and above who participated in a mobile mammography screening program conducted throughout West Virginia (WV) to determine the factors influencing their self-reported adherence to mammography screening guidelines. Data were analyzed using the Andersen Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization framework to determine the factors associated with adherence to mammography screening guidelines in these women. Of the 686 women included in the analysis, 46.2% reported having had a mammogram in the past 2 years. Bivariate analyses showed predisposing factors such as older age and unemployed sta... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5371288 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 15:46:37 +0100 5371288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341719&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe15323p7455x6123%2F Abstract  We investigated whether a public health-oriented Problem-Based Learning case presented to first-year medical students conveyed 12 “Population Health Competencies for Medical Students,” as recommended by the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Regional Medicine-Public Health Education Centers. A public health-oriented Problem-Based Learning case guided by the ecological model paradigm was developed and implemented among two groups of 8 students at the University of California, Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, in the Fall of 2010. Using directed content analysis, student-generated written reports were coded for the presence of the 12 population health content areas. Students generated a total of 29 reports, of which 20 (69%) contained informatio... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341719 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 15:46:41 +0100 5341719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341720&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F32652105383wx464%2F Abstract  Blue collar workers are at risk for obesity. Little is known about obesity in Operating Engineers, a group of blue collar workers, who operate heavy earth-moving equipment in road building and construction. Therefore, 498 Operating Engineers in Michigan were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey to determine variables related to obesity in this group. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine personal, psychological, and behavioral factors predicting obesity. Approximately 45% of the Operating Engineers screened positive for obesity, and another 40% were overweight. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age, male sex, higher numbers of self-reported co-morbidities, not smoking, and low physical activity levels were signif... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341720 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 05:59:10 +0100 5341720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5328417&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr50252t771567915%2F This study adds to the literature by describing characteristics of a free clinic population and their medical conditions. This research can contribute to the improvement of a health care delivery system that is challenged in providing access to medical care by low-income and uninsured populations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9470-7Authors Stephen J. Notaro, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois, 124A Huff Hall, MC 588, 1206 S. Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, USAMarium Khan, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois, 124A Huff Hall, MC 588, 1206 S. Fourth St., Champaign, IL 61820, USANina Bryan, Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois, 124A ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5328417 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 05:48:05 +0100 5328417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300620&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg592j73600w2985u%2F Abstract  Global policies on disaster risk reduction have highlighted individual and community responsibilities and roles in reducing risk and promoting coping capacity. Strengthening local preparedness is viewed as an essential element in effective response and recovery. This paper presents a synthesis of available literature on household preparedness published over the past 15 years. It emphasizes the complexity of preparedness, involving personal and contextual factors such as health status, self-efficacy, community support, and the nature of the emergency. In addition, people require sufficient knowledge, motivation and resources to engage in preparedness activities. Social networks have been identified as one such resource which contributes to resilience. A predom... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300620 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 16:00:19 +0100 5300620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300621&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe4r58063816324pw%2F The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with simultaneous health risk behaviors in freshmen college students enrolled in a Brazilian university. We interviewed 738 students (59.2% men) with average age of 20.1 years (CI 95%: 19.8–20.5). The risk behaviors assessed were smoking habit, alcohol use, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Independent variables were sex, age, employment, marital status, maternal education, study shift and socioeconomic level. It was found that 8.7% were smokers, 45.9% showed alcohol abuse, 59.4% had inadequate diet and 18.5% were physically inactive. Of the students, 20.2% showed no risk behavior, 39.1% one behavior, 29.0% two risk behaviors and 11.7% three and/or four risk behaviors. Males (OR: 2.04, CI 95%... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300621 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 15:41:44 +0100 5300621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300623&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkr47876534677262%2F Abstract  The Arkansas People Participating in Lead Education (APPLE) Program is a collaborative effort between six Arkansas state, national and community organizations to provide lead awareness, training, and municipal legislation to needy communities in Arkansas. Under this program, APPLE organized and hosted well-designed, hands-on, and effective “call to action” lead awareness workshops for parents and community members in 10 needy communities over a 2 year period. Pre- and post-surveys were given to community members to access knowledge, attitudes and effectiveness of lead workshop activities, with demographic and another 13 and 11 questions on pre- and post-surveys, respectively. There were 709 adult attendees across the 10 workshop (Many children also attend... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300623 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:47:48 +0100 5300623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300622&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcq7x2182gp646760%2F Abstract  To evaluate the effects of a 4-month training program on the knowledge of CHCWs. CHCWs from 69 communities in Chiang Mai province in Thailand were assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 35) or control group (CG, n = 34). All CHCWs were assessed for knowledge at baseline and at 4-months. The intervention group received a training program of 16 sessions of 2.5 h each within a 4-month period. A mix of classroom and E-learning approaches was used. All CHCWs were assessed for knowledge at baseline, 4-month, and follow-up at 8-month. Assessment was based on a pretested examination addressing understanding of nutritional terms and recommendations, knowledge of food sources related to diabetes prevention and diet-disease associations. Overall,... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300622 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:47:48 +0100 5300622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5291151&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3150650152128366%2F Abstract  Community Health Workers (CHWs) have gained national recognition for their role in addressing health disparities and are increasingly integrated into the health care delivery system. There is a lack of consensus, however, regarding empirical evidence on the impact of CHW interventions on health outcomes. In this paper, we present results from the 2010 National Community Health Worker Advocacy Survey (NCHWAS) in an effort to strengthen a generalized understanding of the CHW profession that can be integrated into ongoing efforts to improve the health care delivery system. Results indicate that regardless of geographical location, work setting, and demographic characteristics, CHWs generally share similar professional characteristics, training preparation, and job ac... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5291151 Sun, 02 Oct 2011 05:47:51 +0100 5291151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279704&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe567h45331t6684p%2F Abstract  To analyze the profile, perceptions and motivations of Community Health Workers (CHWs) from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the border city of US-Mexico and to describe the type of community interventions they perform. we surveyed 121 CHWs from 9 NGOs participating in a monthly meeting between May and July of 2009. Each participating CHW answered a structured questionnaire. Furthermore, two focus groups were held, in which 10 and 8 CHWs participated, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out on the data obtained. 70% of the CHWs had 9 years or less of formal education. With respect to community work, 61% volunteered between 1 and 5 h weekly; only 40% received some form of economic support. The most commonly reported ac... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279704 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 06:06:37 +0100 5279704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279703&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn2438843524m405j%2F Abstract  Stillbirth is a globally significant public health problem with many medical causes. There are also indirect causal pathways including social and cultural factors which are particularly salient in India’s traditional society. The purpose of this study was to explore women’s perceptions of stillbirth and to determine how issues of gender and power, social support, coping efforts, and religious beliefs influence perinatal grief outcomes among poor women in rural Chhattisgarh, India. Structured interviews were done face-to-face in 21 randomly selected villages among women of reproductive age (N = 355) who had experienced stillbirth (n = 178) and compared to those who had not (n = 177), in the Christian Hospital, Mungeli catchment area.... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279703 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 06:06:37 +0100 5279703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279705&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh262234w55538372%2F We describe the impact of community health workers (CHWs) providing community-based support services to enrollees who are high consumers of health resources in a Medicaid managed care system. We conducted a retrospective study on a sample of 448 enrollees who were assigned to field-based CHWs in 11 of New Mexico’s 33 counties. The CHWs provided patients education, advocacy and social support for a period up to 6 months. Data was collected on services provided, and community resources accessed. Utilization and payments in the emergency department, inpatient service, non-narcotic and narcotic prescriptions as well as outpatient primary care and specialty care were collected on each patient for a 6 month period before, for 6 months during and for 6 months after the... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279705 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 05:52:33 +0100 5279705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5255686&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg209020954831n9h%2F Abstract  Influenza can spread quickly among children and caregivers in child day care settings. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent influenza. We determined 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) and seasonal influenza vaccination rates during the 2009–2010 influenza season among child care center employees, assessed knowledge and attitudes regarding the vaccines, and determined factors associated with vaccine receipt. Using a cross-sectional study design, from January 30–March 1, 2010, we surveyed 384 (95%) of 403 employees at 32 licensed child centers in the United States about personal and work characteristics, vaccine receipt, and knowledge and attitudes regarding each vaccine. Forty-five (11%) and eighty five (22%) respondents reported receiving ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5255686 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 06:38:38 +0100 5255686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244342&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65780n23w588p182%2F The objectives were (1) to determine knowledge about, and perception of human papilloma virus infection in relation to cervical cancer, (2) to explore the intention of the community to be vaccinated with human papilloma virus vaccine, and (3) to identify variables that could predict the likelihood of uptake of the vaccine. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a semi-urban Town of Malaysia, using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Summary statistics, Pearson chi-square test and a binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. A total of 232 respondents were interviewed. Overall, only a few had good knowledge related to human papilloma virus (14%) or vaccination (8%). Many had misconceptions that it could be transmitted through blood transfusion (57%). Sixty percent... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244342 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 17:06:53 +0100 5244342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244341&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe55h42u7ku084j03%2F The objective of this study was to evaluate the type of alcohol policy in place in 4-year public universities against the odds of heavy drinking. Data was collected during the months of April-June 2010 using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey. The participants included a random sample of undergraduate students from 4 public universities in the Midwest. Two of the universities had policies in place allowing the sale and use of alcohol on campus, and 2 universities had policies in place prohibiting the sale and use of alcohol. There were a total of 186 participants which included 63 males and 123 females. There was statistical significance in gender, age, and participation in sports against the odds of heavy drinking (P < .05). The type of policy in place was not significantl... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244341 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 17:06:53 +0100 5244341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230739&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb70180lnv1p866u9%2F Abstract  Community health worker (CHW) programs have become popular tools in reducing the burden of childhood illnesses. However, the efficacy of CHWs in facilitating behavior change, as a means of preventing waterborne diseases, remains unclear. Using a household survey (n = 225),in rural Tamil Nadu, South India, we assessed the effects of a CHW program on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to diarrheal illness through comparison with a control population that was not enrolled in the program. The CHW program in the experimental village entailed behavior change aimed at preventing diarrheal illness through home visits, community events and health education. Correlates of four key variables on knowledge of drinking water contamination and behavior change w... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230739 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:29 +0100 5230739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230741&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frq7w610wt1522036%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9482-3Authors Pascal James Imperato, School of Public Health, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 43, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230741 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:27 +0100 5230741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230740&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Far8mj274p6781m35%2F Abstract  To collect consumer demographics, utilization, satisfaction, and eating and physical activity behavior information from customers using two newly established farmers’ markets in low income urban communities in East and South Los Angeles. From April 1, 2007 through June 3, 2009, farmers’ market customers completed a short, anonymous survey. The data analysis included a descriptive analysis of key variables and examined the number of new and repeat customers over time to track the rate of farmers’ market use over time. Setting: The East Los Angeles Farmers’ Market and the Watts Healthy Farmers’ Market. Subjects: 415 farmers’ market customers from East Los Angeles and 1,374 from South Los Angeles. The demographic profile of farmers’ market consumers wer... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230740 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:27 +0100 5230740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230742&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhk34312263722602%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9481-4Authors Pascal James Imperato, School of Public Health, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 43, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230742 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:26 +0100 5230742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230743&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq22j6674306m6314%2F The objective of this study is to examine the association between acculturation and BMI among Asian Americans using multiple measures of acculturation. Data of 847 Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese recruited for a health education program in Maryland during 2009 to 2010 were used. Acculturation was measured by the short version of Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA) and its individual components. Height and weight were measured by trained staff. Multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the association between acculturation and BMI. After adjusting for age, gender, education, income, marital status, and ethnicity, SL-ASIA (β = 0.71, SE = 0.28), having education in the US (β = 0.56, SE = 0.28), younger age of arriva... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230743 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:25 +0100 5230743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230744&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg3617100gt621xg4%2F The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in a cohort of immigrants living in Palermo, Sicily. The study was carried out in the period May 2006–June 2010 and recruited a total of 393 patients (59.8% males—median age of 32.6 years). All patients were tested for serological markers of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection. One-hundred thirty-eight (35.1%) individuals did not show any HBV/HCV/HIV serological marker, while 186 (47.3%) were indicative of past or current HBV infection. A total of 42 (10.7%) subjects were HBsAg positive, 59 (15.0%) showed the serological profile “anti-HBc alone”, and only 40 (10.1%) were anti-HBs alone. Overall, 22/393 (5.6%) immigrants... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230744 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:24 +0100 5230744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230745&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0969k28p08457r02%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9483-2Authors Pascal James Imperato, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 43, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230745 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:23 +0100 5230745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230746&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ffj8t4858m6785185%2F Abstract  The Building Healthy Communities (BHC) initiative addresses inadequate physical activity in Michigan using a population-based approach to prevent chronic disease. Eighteen local health departments through 2010 received $1,505,179 to plan and implement community-based interventions to increase physical activity among low-income and minority populations. This paper examines park user demographics, compares park user demographics to the demographic characteristics and examines physical activity behaviors of park users in these parks. BHC Park usage was examined from 2008 to 2010 using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC). One sample binomial tests were used to examine if the proportion of male and female park users was different than t... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230746 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:22 +0100 5230746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230747&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe9r4442ju41nv335%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9480-5Authors Pascal James Imperato, School of Public Health, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 43, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230747 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:51:21 +0100 5230747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194412&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxj6624375777454g%2F This study examined statewide HRI ED visits in North Carolina (NC) from 2008–2010 by age group, month, ED disposition, chief complaint, and triage notes. The mean number of HRI ED visits per day was compared to the maximum daily temperature. The percentage of HRI ED visits to all ED visits was highest in June (0.25%). 15–18 year-olds had the highest percentage of HRI visits and were often seen for sports-related heat exposures. Work-related HRI ED visits were more common than other causes in 19–45 year-olds. Individuals ≥65 years were more likely admitted to the hospital than younger individuals. The mean daily number of HRI ED visits increased by 1.4 for each 1°F (degree Fahrenheit) increase from 90°F to 98°F and by 15.8 for each 1°F increase from 98°F to... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194412 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 06:14:04 +0100 5194412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189362&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7g72q06452u1j203%2F This study examines the relationship between rurality as well as the proportion of non-physician clinicians and county rates of ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations (ACSHs) for pediatric, adult and elderly populations in Nebraska. The study design was a cross-sectional observational study of county level factors that affect the county level rates of ACSHs using Poisson regression models. Rural (non-metro) counties have significantly higher ACSHs for both pediatric and adult population, but not for the elderly. Frontier counties have significantly higher adult ACSHs. The proportion of primary care providers who are non-physician clinicians does not have a significant association with ACSHs for any of the age groups. The results indicate that rurality may have a greater impact on... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189362 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:14 +0100 5189362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189361&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fprr81661082w4447%2F Abstract  Rapid declines in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following smoke-free ordinances have been reported in smaller communities. The AMI mortality rate among persons age 45 + years (deaths per 100,000 persons, age-standardized to the 2000 US population) in the 3 years before adoption of the smoke-free ordinance (the expected rate) was compared with the rate observed in the first full year after the ban (the target year) in six US states. Target-year declines were also compared to those in states without smoking bans. Target-year declines in AMI mortality in California (2.0%), Utah (7.7%) and Delaware (8.1%) were not significantly different from the expected declines (P = 0.16, 0.43 and 0.89, respectively). In South Dak... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189361 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:14 +0100 5189361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189364&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe24322v5328j11ng%2F This study presents an analysis of the current optometry workforce, both as a unique profession and more broadly within the context of all eye care providers (optometry and ophthalmology) in New York State. The supply and distribution of eye care practitioners provides useful information for policy makers while providing insights as to the impact of the one optometry school within the state. Several databases were employed and a web based survey was developed for completion by all optometrists. The questionnaire included demographic data, whether they were actively practicing in New York State or any other state, were they full time or part time, their primary mode of practice, or if they provided care within institutional settings. Access to care was gauged by the respondents’ ava... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189364 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:13 +0100 5189364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189363&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn40p466578v67183%2F We examined the Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) incidence and mortality rates in New York State for a recent 13-year period. Hospital discharge data and death certificate information are combined to create patient episodes for AMI. Trends in the risk-adjusted AMI incidence and mortality are examined for the years 1996 through 2008. Between 1996 and 2008, the AMI incidence rate declined by 35.8% and AMI mortality fell from 161.0 to 71.6 per 100,000 population. This 55.5% decline in mortality is accompanied by a 23.9% decline in the number of AMI admissions to acute care hospitals and by a 37.8% improvement in mortality among those hospitalized. New York State follows the national trend in decline in AMI. That decline is accompanied by reductions in AMI mortality, reduced demand on h... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189363 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:13 +0100 5189363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189366&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd6768x773450uw21%2F Abstract  Asian Indians are the largest Asian subgroup in the state of Michigan; however, data on the prevalence and correlates of cardiovascular disease for this group is limited. The sample consisted of 273 Asian Indians (AI) recruited through health fairs for surveys and blood tests throughout the state of Michigan. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes (20.1%) and elevated/abnormal glycated hemoglobin A1C levels (22.6%) exceeds the percentages of other ethnic groups reported in 2006–2008 Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. More than half of respondents had elevated body max index. The gender disparity in hypertension prevalence (50% for males vs. 19.3% for females) has not been observed in other similar studies and prevalence of male participants with hypertens... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189366 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:11 +0100 5189366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189365&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm500h72470724465%2F The objective of this study was to contrast the liver disease risk factors, knowledge, and prevention practices reported among separate samples of Mexicans living in Los Angeles, CA and in Cuernavaca, Mexico. We assessed the prevalence of specific risk factors (body mass index, waist circumference, and alcohol consumption), the level of knowledge about liver disease in general, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV), as well as prevention activities such as screening and vaccination. Data were collected from in-person interviews and anthropometric measures obtained from Mexican adults aged 18–70 years. Chi-square and t tests were used to compare the results between groups. Numerous similarities were observed in the bi-national samples, including high prevalence of obesity, a... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189365 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:11 +0100 5189365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189367&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk3nw6788232ql278%2F This study seeks to better understand how individuals of different cultural/ethnic backgrounds in an urban setting assess the signs and symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and the ensuing decision to take urgent action. Few studies exist which examine these differences and enhance understanding of how to address these differences and, ultimately, reduce morbidity and mortality from ACS. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of urban patients of different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds regarding their actions upon recognition of ACS signs and symptoms. Patients (423) with presumed or diagnosed ACS were interviewed within 12 h of arrival at the urban emergency rooms. Among the different cultural groups, Haitians delayed the longest (median)... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189367 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:57:08 +0100 5189367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5173242&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F43027650u9128331%2F In conclusion, healthy lifestyle promotion including exercise and physical activity intervention for Japanese living in a westernized environment is warranted. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9467-2Authors Nobutaka Hirooka, Faculty Development Fellowship, UPMC Shadyside, University of Pittsburgh Family Medicine, 5215 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USATeiichi Takedai, Shadyside Family Medicine Residency, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5215 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USAFrank D’Amico, Faculty Development Fellowship, University of Pittsburgh Family Medicine, 815 Freeport Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15215, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of C... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5173242 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:54 +0100 5173242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5173243&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk71v11v780755624%2F Abstract  Academic literature has recorded increased microbial resistance in the United States and recent news media has adversely portrayed men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased risk for community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) transmission. CA-MRSA is a specific type of bacteria resistant to certain antibiotics, which limits treatment options for those needing clinical care. Infection can manifest as painful abscesses and can cause severe illness. With increased CA-MRSA infections overall, and attention given to MSM populations regarding CA-MRSA, as well as the fact that limited data on sociocultural factors that may facilitate transmission, we undertook a qualitative study to explore contextual influences that may fuel infection a... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5173243 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:53 +0100 5173243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5173244&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff2582u4n432224h2%2F Abstract  Asians are disproportionately affected by chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection and its fatal consequences. The Hep B Free campaign was launched to eliminate HBV in San Francisco by increasing awareness, testing, vaccination and linkage to care. The campaign conducted 306 street intercept and telephone interviews of San Francisco Asians to assess current levels of HBV knowledge, testing behaviors and effectiveness of existing campaign media materials. One-third of respondents ranked HBV as a key health issue in the Asian community, second to diabetes. General HBV awareness is high (85%); however, a majority could not name an effective prevention method. Sixty percent reported having been tested for HBV; provider recommendation was the most often cited reason for tes... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5173244 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 05:56:17 +0100 5173244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5173245&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F675q478177230913%2F Abstract  Despite the effectiveness of cancer screening procedures, its utilization among Latinas remains low. Guided, in part, by the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, this study examined the associations between predisposing, enabling, and need factors with self-reported breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening adherence. Participants were 319 Mexican–American women, from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds, living near the United States-Mexico border. Women were adherent with breast cancer (BC) screening (≥42 years) if they had received at least one mammogram within the last 2 years, with cervical cancer (CC) screening (≥40 years) if they had received at least one Pap exam in the last 3 years, and with colorectal cancer (CRC)... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5173245 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 05:56:15 +0100 5173245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152829&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fuv1530657350154k%2F Abstract  To understand the behavioral lifestyle factors that may contribute to lower cancer incidence rates among the Amish population, this study evaluated differences in physical activity (PA) levels between Amish and non-Amish adults living in Ohio Appalachia. Amish (n = 134) and non-Amish (n = 154) adults completed face-to-face interviews as part of a cancer-related lifestyle study. Self-report of PA level was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and by a diary of steps/day (pedometer: Digi-Walker SW-200). Total metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) minutes was calculated from the IPAQ and average number of steps/day from a pedometer diary. Amish males walked more steps/day (mean ± standard error (SE): 11,447&nbs... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152829 Sun, 21 Aug 2011 05:36:59 +0100 5152829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152830&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F79x6j3818q641222%2F Abstract  The aim of the study was to determine the cut-offs of anthropometric markers for detecting hypertension in an endogamous North Indian population. A cross-sectional study was carried out to collect data from 578 adult Aggarwal Baniya subjects (271 men and 307 women, mean age: 43.4 ± 5.3 and 38.7 ± 4.9 respectively) using multistage, stratified sampling method. Individual body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, blood pressure were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of various anthropometric markers to predict hypertension. The likelihood ratios for having hypertension in subjects with various cut-off values were calculated. Logistic regression anal... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152830 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 15:51:58 +0100 5152830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152831&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F60l212137857ww1t%2F This study examined disparities in lung cancer mortality rates among US men and women in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas from 1950 through 2007. Annual age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated for men and women in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, and differences in mortality rates were tested for statistical significance. Log-linear regression was used to model annual rates of change in mortality over time, while Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risk after adjusting for age, sex, deprivation, and urbanization levels. Urbanization patterns in lung cancer mortality changed dramatically between 1950 and 2007. Compared to men in metropolitan areas, men aged 25–64 years in non-metropolitan areas had significantly lower lung cancer mortality rates... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152831 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 15:51:57 +0100 5152831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152832&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl3274u7u56294r50%2F This study explored the economic costs and response rate of mail and web-based surveys with practicing dentists. A random sample of 6,000 practicing dentists was randomly assigned into three groups of 2,000: choice (mail or web-based), postal mail, or web-based. The Florida Tobacco Control Survey 2009, which is composed of 28 questions (including subject demographic questions), served as the survey instrument. A total of 1,232 surveys were returned by the three different groups (21% overall response rate). Response rates were best for the mail (26%) with the worst response rate coming from the Web group (11%). However, a cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that web surveys were 2.68 times more cost effective. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-12DOI ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152832 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 05:41:51 +0100 5152832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152833&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe2r0212873646r5m%2F Abstract  Social sector planning requires rational approaches where community needs are identified by referring to relative deprivation among localities and resources are allocated to address inequalities. Geographical information system (GIS) has been widely argued and used as a base for rational planning for equal resource allocation in social sectors around the globe. Devolution of primary health care is global strategy that needs pains taking efforts to implement it. GIS is one of the most important tools used around the world in decentralization process of primary health care. This paper examines the scope of GIS in social sector planning by concentration on primary health care delivery system in Pakistan. The work is based on example of the UK’s decentralization pro... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152833 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 06:41:14 +0100 5152833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5123525&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84j2jt5nj08m1024%2F Abstract  Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are rising dramatically in adolescents in parallel with excess weight. The Banishing Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (BODY) Project, is a school-based intervention that medically screens overweight and obese high school students, provides personalized feedback, and connects to appropriate healthcare. Body mass index (BMI) was determined for 1,526 students in one New York City public high school with a school-based health center (SBHC). Overweight and obese students (n = 640) were invited to complete a medical evaluation that included a survey, blood pressure and blood tests. 328/640 (51%) eligible students returned signed parental consent and participated. All participants received a personalized repor... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5123525 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 19:55:28 +0100 5123525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5101523&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm7432w42130313x8%2F In conclusion, positive self-reported health perception and compliance with routine health examinations of the surveyed foreign born Asian Indians was reported along with an increased rate of chronic morbidity and underutilization of specific preventive services. Observed discrepancy between self-health perception and health status highlights the need to enhance utilization of preventive services among the non-US born Asian Indian community. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9449-4Authors Naveen Mehrotra, Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ/RWJMS, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB-322, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USASunanda Gaur, Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ/RWJMS, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB-322, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USAAnna Petrova, D... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5101523 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 05:42:27 +0100 5101523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5092434&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8606562vp2w86181%2F This study seeks to describe correlates of awareness of and willingness to participate in clinical trials among largely Central, North, and South American Latinos using safety-net clinics. Between June 2007 and November 2008, we conducted an interviewer-administered, Spanish-language cross-sectional survey (n = 944). Logistic regression was used to assess effects of health information sources and psychosocial variables on awareness of and intention to participate in clinical trials. Analyses were completed in spring 2010. While only 48% knew what a clinical trial was, when explained, 65% indicated a willingness to participate. Providers were the most common source of health information. Use of Internet for health information, trust in health information, and higher education... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5092434 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 05:41:57 +0100 5092434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084288&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp07x522728766318%2F Abstract  National data indicate nearly a quarter of college students smoked from a hookah at some point in their lifetime regardless of gender. To address this issue, researchers assessed the perceptions, knowledge, beliefs of hookah users at a large Midwestern University and also determined what other drug related high-risk behaviors were associated with this behavior. An anonymous, online survey was sent to 2,000 randomly selected undergraduate students from a large Midwestern University. Researchers used a cross sectional research design to determine the prevalence and motivating factors associated with hookah use. Respondents included 438 individuals (60% female) with an average age of 23.1 (SD = 12.32), yielding a response rate of 22%. Approximately 15.4% of... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084288 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:54:04 +0100 5084288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084289&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk753k2737343l517%2F In this study population, 23% were never married, 60% were married, and 17% were previously married. Forty-three percent reported having children aged <18 years in the household. Married men (24.3%) were less likely to report frequent insufficient sleep than never married men (28.0%) or previously married men (28.8%). Never married women (33.4%) were more likely to report frequent insufficient sleep than currently married (29.0%) or previously married women (29.0%). The likelihood of frequent insufficient sleep increased in a linear fashion with the number of children in the household for all subgroups (P < 0.05) except among never married men. These findings suggest that the presence of children in the household often increases the frequency of insufficient rest... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084289 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 05:53:21 +0100 5084289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084290&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc778g5u4081v11p0%2F This study will determine if a relationship exists between weight and adherence to cancer screening guidelines among African Americans. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the relationship between being up-to-date with cancer screening (colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate) and weight group (normal, overweight, obese I, obese II+) using data from older (age 50+) members (N = 955) of 20 African American churches in Michigan and North Carolina. CRC testing rates were examined using multiple definitions to account for differences in screening rates vs. polyp surveillance rates. After adjusting for confounders, we found relationships between weight group and up-to-date CRC (P = 0.04) and PSA (P = 0.004) testing for men and mammography (... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084290 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 15:57:25 +0100 5084290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5067241&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F36m0j57350pl2h82%2F Abstract  Breast cancer incidence is rising and mortality is disproportionately high among American Indians and Alaska Natives, yet screening rates remain low. Using community-based participatory research, we conducted interviews with community leaders (n = 13) and providers from the Indian Health Service, tribal clinics, and urban safety-net clinics (n = 17). Participants in both groups identified similar needs, including culturally-appropriate mammography education, use of Native elders as patient navigators, and an emphasis on preventive care. Pertinent barriers included culturally-specific issues (e.g., historic mistrust and gender roles), cost, transportation, and fear of mammography and potential results. The results reflect the struggles of promoti... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5067241 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 15:49:54 +0100 5067241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5067240&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3h175p782691j628%2F Abstract  Mountaintop coal mining in the Appalachian region in the United States causes significant environmental damage to air and water. Serious health disparities exist for people who live in coal mining portions of Appalachia, but little previous research has examined disparities specifically in mountaintop mining communities. A community-based participatory research study was designed and implemented to collect information on cancer rates in a rural mountaintop mining area compared to a rural non-mining area of West Virginia. A door–door health interview collected data from 773 adults. Self-reported cancer rates were significantly higher in the mining versus the non-mining area after control for respondent age, sex, smoking, occupational history, and family cancer hi... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5067240 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 15:49:54 +0100 5067240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5067242&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F215v341571un7m38%2F Abstract  Oral cancer is one of the most fatal health problems faced by the mankind today. In India, because of cultural, ethnic, geographic factors and the popularity of addictive habits, the frequency of oral cancer is high. It ranks number one in terms of incidence among men and third among women. Several factors like tobacco and tobacco related products, alcohol, genetic predisposition and hormonal factors are suspected as possible causative factors. Hence the study was designed to determine the prevalence of Oral Cancer in patients who attended the outpatient department, at Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College Sangli India during a period of 24 months in 2009–2010. Further various modes of tobacco and alcohol consuming habit were assessed along wi... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5067242 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 15:49:51 +0100 5067242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5060622&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw4u3p826m1467114%2F This study reemphasizes the unequivocal need to develop robust preventive and treatment strategies for HBV in Hmong community. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9434-yAuthors Muhammad Y. Sheikh, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Community Regional Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, 1st Floor Endoscopy Suite, Fresno, CA 93721, USAPradeep R. Atla, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Community Regional Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, UCSF Fresno Medical Education Program, 1st Floor Endoscopy Suite, Fresno, CA 93721, USARahim Raoufi, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Community Regional Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, UCSF F... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5060622 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:01:35 +0100 5060622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5060623&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd674x47710n40684%2F Abstract  Influenza vaccination coverage remains low and disparities persist. In New York City, a community-based participatory research project (Project VIVA) worked to address this issue in Harlem and the South Bronx by supplementing existing vaccination programs with non-traditional venues (i.e., community-based organizations). We conducted a 10 min survey to assess access to influenza vaccine as well as attitudes and beliefs towards influenza vaccination that could inform intervention development for subsequent seasons. Among 991 participants recruited using street intercept techniques, 63% received seasonal vaccine only, 11% seasonal and H1N1, and 26% neither; 89% reported seeing a health care provider (HCP) during the influenza season. Correlates of immunization ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5060623 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:01:34 +0100 5060623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5060624&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg73692744424j7u2%2F This study was designed to verify the link between the frequencies of malaria and typhoid fever with selected rural practices in Njoro District, Kenya. A cross-sectional study involving observations, questionnaires and interviews was conducted to determine the socio-economic variables and practices/lifestyles in 336 randomly selected homesteads. Frequencies of malaria and typhoid fever in two randomly selected health centers were determined through a retrospective study for the period from 2004 to 2009. The respondents had large families (68%), low education level (67%) and high responsibility burden (67%). Individuals who did not boil drinking water constituted 61%. Boiling drinking water was less common among the poor, Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.36, χ2 = 9.88, 95% Confidence ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5060624 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:10:32 +0100 5060624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5060625&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7545hh3610023h27%2F This study examined disparities in cervical cancer mortality rates among US women in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas from 1950 through 2007. Inequalities in incidence, stage of disease at diagnosis, and patient survival were analyzed during 2000–2008. Age-adjusted mortality, incidence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated for women in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, and differences in relative risks were tested for statistical significance. Log-linear regression was used to analyze annual rates of change in mortality over time. During the last five decades, women in non-metropolitan areas had significantly higher cervical cancer mortality than those in metropolitan areas. Disparities persisted against a backdrop of consistently declining mortality rat... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5060625 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 12:27:39 +0100 5060625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5060626&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkt68475837107002%2F Abstract  Evidence is conflicting as to whether youth obesity prevalence has reached a plateau in the United States overall. Trends vary by state, and experts recommend exploring whether trends in weight-related behaviors are associated with changes in weight status trends. Thus, our objective was to estimate between-state variation in time trends of adolescent body mass index (BMI) percentile and weight-related behaviors from 2001 to 2007. A time series design combined cross-sectional Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 272,044 adolescents in 29 states from 2001 to 2007. Self-reported height, weight, sports participation, physical education, television viewing, and daily consumption of 100% fruit juice, milk, and fruits and vegetables were collected. Linear mixed models e... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5060626 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:45:59 +0100 5060626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5060627&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp3814371024565m3%2F Abstract  A general introduction of this article is as follows: Reliable and timely health information is an essential foundation of public health action and health systems strengthening, both nationally and internationally (Aqil et al. in Health Policy Plan 24(3): 217–228, 2009; Bradshaw et al. in initial burden of disease estimates for South Africa, 2000. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 2003). The need for sound information is especially urgent in the case of emergent diseases and other acute health threats, where rapid awareness, investigation and response can save lives and prevent broader national outbreaks and even global pandemics (Aqil et al. in Health Policy Plan 24(3): 217–228, 2009). The government of Kenya, through the ministry of public hea... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5060627 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 06:07:49 +0100 5060627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046057&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu63541h216571152%2F Abstract  Appalachia Kentucky is recognized for increased cervical cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality and lower rates of Pap testing. Understanding the predictors of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake is warranted among this population. The purpose of this exploratory research is to determine associations between HPV-related risk perceptions and uptake of free Gardasil offered to rural Appalachian women ages 18–26 attending regional health clinics. Young women (N = 247) were recruited from health clinics in Southeastern, Kentucky from March 2008 through September 2009. After completing a brief interview assessing seven HPV-related risk perceptions, women received a HPV vaccine voucher which provided the entire three-dose vaccine series free of char... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046057 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 15:59:19 +0100 5046057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046058&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F14h7v2702k153jp1%2F This study examined the geographic variation in overweight and obesity trends among Icelandic adolescents in urban and rural areas. Data from two cross-sectional population-based samples of 14- and 15-year-old students attending the compulsory 9th and 10th grades of the Icelandic secondary school system in 2000 and 2009 were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity rates were represented for 17 zones on maps created with the ArcGis geographic information and imaging software. Results were that males had higher rates of overweight and obesity than females in both 2000 and 2009, with a significant difference for both genders between years. Mean BMI was higher for rural areas than urban areas in both study years. Out of 17 geographic zones, the prevalence of obesi... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046058 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 05:55:32 +0100 5046058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034393&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F15142622q7603252%2F Abstract  In the United Sates, populations with limited English proficiency (LEP) report barriers to seeking emergency care and experience significant health disparities, including being less likely to survive cardiac arrest than whites. Rapid utilization of 9-1-1 to access emergency services and early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for successful resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Little is understood about Asian LEP communities’ preparedness for emergencies. In this exploratory survey, we sought to assess intentions to call 9-1-1 in an emergency and knowledge of CPR in the Cambodian LEP community. We conducted an in-person interview with 667 Cambodian adults to assess their intentions to call 9-1-1 and their awareness of ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034393 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 05:56:58 +0100 5034393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025425&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F358r585j5214w505%2F Abstract  The highest rates of fetal alcohol syndrome worldwide can be found in South Africa. Particularly in impoverished townships in the Western Cape, pregnant women live in environments where alcohol intake during pregnancy has become normalized and interpersonal violence (IPV) is reported at high rates. For the current study we sought to examine how pregnancy, for both men and women, is related to alcohol use behaviors and IPV. We surveyed 2,120 men and women attending drinking establishments in a township located in the Western Cape of South Africa. Among women 13.3% reported being pregnant, and among men 12.0% reported their partner pregnant. For pregnant women, 61% reported attending the bar that evening to drink alcohol and 26% reported both alcohol use and current... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025425 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 05:41:23 +0100 5025425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5015370&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1815h17r1026lx22%2F This study was part of a 5-clinic, cervical cancer prevention trial. Patients not immediately post-partum completed a Spanish/English survey; height and weight were also obtained. Of the 3,149 respondents (response rate 83%), 2,138 (68%) were overweight or obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25); 94% reported a household income of <$35,000/year; 69% were Hispanic; 10% non-Hispanic black; and 40% completed the survey in Spanish. Only one-third reported ever having been told to lose weight. Based on BMI, these rates were 15% in the 25–29.9 range (overweight); 34% within 30–34.9; 57% within 35–39.9; and 73% ≥ 40. In univariate analyses, among overweight women, diabetes or English-speaking was associated with weight loss advice. In multivariate analyses, being... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5015370 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 06:22:20 +0100 5015370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5015371&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7522x8367j010687%2F We examined home safety hazards, comparing renter- to owner-occupied housing among urban, immigrant Mexican families. Methods: Interviews and home inspections were conducted among urban, Spanish-speaking immigrant families with children. We estimated weighted hazard prevalence and used logistic regression to compare owner- and renter-occupied homes. Of 313 eligible households, 250 (80%) enrolled. Respondents were predominantly Mexican-born (99%), low income (72.6%) and lower education (92.3%). Most homes had fire, burn, fall, poisoning, electrocution and fire escape hazards, including high tap water temperatures (76.4%; 95% CI: 69.0, 83.7%), no working smoke alarms (60.0%; 51.3, 68.8%), slippery bathtub/shower surfaces (58.7%; 49.9, 67.5%), blocked fire escape routes (55.9%; 47.2, 64... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5015371 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:33:22 +0100 5015371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4990094&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F33398543w2750845%2F This study aimed to describe the perceptions of parents with regard to water quality and safety and to compare bottled water and tap water use, as well as to examine motivation for water choices. We conducted an online questionnaire to survey parents living in Pennsylvania about water quality and safety, and preference for bottled versus tap water. Parents were recruited through child care centers, and 143 surveys were returned. The survey results showed high overall scores for perception of tap water quality and safety, and a preference for tap water over bottled water. We found that parents were concerned for the environmental impact that buying bottled water may have but were also concerned about potential contamination of tap water by natural gas drilling processes and nuclear po... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4990094 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 15:51:31 +0100 4990094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4990093&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb72k216571h1m1w5%2F This study is the first to examine teenagers working in family-owned businesses and to compare the experiences of teens working in family-businesses to the experiences of other working teens. A questionnaire was distributed to 8,085 teens in high schools throughout the five public health regions of Wisconsin. A total of 6, 810 teens responded (84%). Overall 2,858 high school teens aged 14–17 reported working (42%); of which 963 (34%) worked in a family-business. Teens working in family-businesses were more likely to report that their injury was severe, affecting their activities for more than three days, compared with other working teens (33% vs. 21%, P = 0.05). The percentage of teens working in family-businesses that reported broken bones or crushed body parts was 17% c... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4990093 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 15:51:31 +0100 4990093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4990095&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F258868635v8518q7%2F Abstract  Asian/Pacific Islanders (A/PIs) in the United States are disproportionately affected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can cause a lifelong liver infection that may result in cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer, or death. Although previous studies have measured knowledge of hepatitis B transmission and prevention practices in A/PI communities, we present results from the first population-based study of this type, which specifically focuses on A/PIs who are chronically infected with HBV. Through telephone interviews, we assessed the HBV risk factor knowledge and prevention practices of a population-based, random sample of persons with chronic HBV who were reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health between October 2007 and July 2009. Among 829 ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4990095 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 15:51:30 +0100 4990095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4973460&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ftl853n7737r00767%2F Abstract  Recent studies suggest that patients’ elevated blood pressure (BP) readings in the Emergency Department (ED) may be due to hypertension (HTN) rather than pain and anxiety. Identifying BP patterns suggestive of HTN in the ED presents an opportunity for referral. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to assess the feasibility of referral of ED patients with elevated BP readings suggestive of HTN. Adults with elevated BP suggestive of HTN and no history of HTN were tracked as to referral status using an actively monitored ED referral system. Patients referred to a community clinic network were tracked regarding clinic visits, subsequent BP, and diagnosis of HTN. Of 662 patients with elevated BP in the ED at triage, 197 (29.8%) had a pattern of blood pres... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4973460 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 15:53:31 +0100 4973460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4973461&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F244478n631486504%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9429-8Authors Hamisu M. Salihu, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC56, Tampa, FL 33612, USAEuna M. August, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USAAlfred K. Mbah, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC56, Tampa, FL 33612, USARaymond J. de Cuba, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC56, Tampa, FL 33612, USAAmina P. Alio, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4973461 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 15:53:30 +0100 4973461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4950243&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk016715875jl56xg%2F Abstract  Despite global progress in tobacco control, data are needed for subgroups with increased risk of tobacco use for more effective smoking prevention. Survey data from a random sample of 6,486 youth in grades 7, 8 and 9 were derived from the project Chinese Student Health Survey. Prevalence and hazards of smoking onset were compared by gender and immigrant status. Mediation analysis was used to assess factors that may mediate the impact of immigrant status on smoking. Immigrant students had a much higher risk of hazards of smoking initiation than non-immigrant students. Parental monitoring and parental smoking significantly mediated the effect of immigrant status on early smoking onset. In addition, gender differences in the prevalence of smoking and hazards of smoki... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4950243 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 05:52:39 +0100 4950243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929837&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj040333222672707%2F Abstract  Perception of safety is an important component to the well-being of community members in their own neighborhood. The present study was the first of its kind to model community perception of safety utilizing a primarily Native Hawaiian and Asian American community sample (N = 101) and with perceived youth violence and delinquency as prominent potential influences. The study found that the majority of participants felt that several types of youth violence and delinquency were problems in the community. The overall social-ecological model evidenced a strong fit and indicated that community perception of safety was adversely impacted by perceived youth violence and delinquency and increased through positive relations with neighbors. The implications included ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929837 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 06:04:26 +0100 4929837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918423&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk5204v77655v085v%2F Abstract  Numerous studies have shown an association between shorter birth intervals, and several adverse fetal outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of interconception care on fetal outcomes associated with sub-optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI). The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the Federal Healthy Start’s interconception care services on IPI and fetal growth outcomes. This is a retrospective cohort study used records from the Central Hillsborough Healthy Start program in Tampa, Florida linked to Florida vital statistics data covering the period 2002–2009. Only first and second pregnancies were considered, and interpregnancy ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918423 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 15:48:33 +0100 4918423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918424&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff418158wj286ng10%2F This study provides further insight for health care provision initiatives to reduce the many barriers faced by farmworkers and their families. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9425-zAuthors Daniel F. Lopez-Cevallos, Community Health, Western Oregon University, 345 N Monmouth Ave, Monmouth, OR 97361, USALeda I. Garside, ¡Salud! Services, Tuality Healthcare, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USALeticia Vazquez, Community Health, Western Oregon University, 345 N Monmouth Ave, Monmouth, OR 97361, USAKristty Polanco, Community Health, Western Oregon University, 345 N Monmouth Ave, Monmouth, OR 97361, USA Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918424 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 15:52:24 +0100 4918424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918425&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65l243w083546j7k%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to compare the self-reported quality of life of racial/ethnic minorities and Caucasians living in a rural, northern New York county, where 94% of the population is Caucasian. Participants completed a 79-item survey online and in-person assessing health status, health-related quality of life, perceptions of health information, and health care access/use. Frequencies, Chi-Square, and ANOVA were used to analyze the results. A total of 1,039 surveys were completed. Racial/ethnic minorities earned significantly less income, F (1, 1031) = 29.306, P = .000, relied more on public health insurance, X 2 (7, 1033) = 47.827, P = .000, were significantly less likely to see a doctor because of the cost, F(1... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918425 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 15:52:22 +0100 4918425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918426&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4306006873vu6005%2F Abstract  One in seven American households experience food insecurity at times during the year, lack of money and other resources hinder their ability to maintain consistent access to nutritious foods. Low-income, ethnic minority, and female-headed households exhibit the greatest risk for food insecurity, which often results in higher prevalence of diet-related disease. The food insecurity-obesity paradox is one that researchers have explored to understand the factors that influence food insecurity and its impact on weight change. The aim of this inquiry was to explore new evidence in associations of food insecurity and obesity in youth, adult, and elderly populations. A literature search of publication databases was conducted, using various criteria to identify relevant ar... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918426 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:28 +0100 4918426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918427&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft516790kp1640053%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to identify Nevada legislators’ views on comprehensive smoke-free (SF) policy development. The Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA) is a weak law that prohibits smoking in most indoor public places, excluding stand-alone bars and casino gaming areas. Nevada’s state senators and assembly members were contacted to participate in the study. A literature review guided modifications of an instrument previously used to measure county-level officials’ policy views in Kentucky. Descriptive statistics were conducted for selected variables, while independent t tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to examine differences between various groups. 23 of 63 legislators participated. Even though the majority of officials recognized smo... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918427 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:27 +0100 4918427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918428&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa74842361r0l1356%2F Abstract  Project Access provides free primary and specialty care for low-income uninsured residents of Buncombe County, NC through a physician volunteer network. In 2010, we replicated a 1998 study investigating health issues among Project Access (PA) patients. Over 300 patients enrolled in PA in 2009 were surveyed by telephone. Currently, as compared to 1998, fewer patients were employed (31% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.05), more patients were unable to return to work (15.6% vs. 8%, p < 0.05), and patients were enrolled in PA for longer (24.5 months vs. 14 months). The SF-12 Physical Health score was worse in 2010 (p < 0.05). With the implementation of Health Reform, certain groups of people will still require PA services, but a signifi... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918428 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:26 +0100 4918428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918430&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F92m63724682rk232%2F Abstract  The availability of tobacco and alcohol products in community pharmacies contradicts the pharmacists’ Code of Ethics and presents challenges for a profession that is overwhelmingly not in favor of the sale of these products in its practice settings. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of pharmacies that sell tobacco products and/or alcoholic beverages and to characterize promotion of these products. The proportion of pharmacies that sell non-prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products as aids to smoking cessation also was estimated. Among 250 randomly-selected community pharmacies in Los Angeles, 32.8% sold cigarettes, and 26.0% sold alcohol products. Cigarettes were more likely to be available in traditional chain pharmacie... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918430 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:24 +0100 4918430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918429&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9114x3882401w775%2F Abstract  Racial and ethnic minorities are significantly underrepresented in clinical research trials. Several socio-cultural and systemic barriers, ranging from discrimination by the health care system, medical mistrust, to low physician referral rates and lack of knowledge of research studies have been identified as impacting participation. One hundred and fifteen participants were culturally matched and were interviewed followed by up to an additional four interviews over a 12 month period. Responses were analyzed to understand the perceived benefits to participating in a prospective, randomized, longitudinal clinical research trial about screening colonoscopy. Over two-thirds (64.4%) of participants reported “knowledge, awareness, and/or information about colonos... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918429 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:44:24 +0100 4918429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918432&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyw2v26130066461x%2F Abstract  Using data from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on 281,303 adults aged 18–64 years in the United States, we examined the relationship between HIV risk behaviors and binge drinking of alcoholic beverages and the frequency of binge drinking among a subgroup of 41,073 respondents who were acknowledged binge drinkers (bingers), based on reported drinking behavior in the year preceding survey. Our findings show that the weighted prevalence of HIV risk behaviors (including injection drug use, exchange of sex for money/drugs, and anal sex without a condom) among binge bingers [7.0%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 6.4–7.6%] is twice that among nonbingers (2.9%, 95% CI: 2.7–3.0%). The highest prevalence of HIV risk behaviors is among the binger... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918432 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 06:03:23 +0100 4918432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918431&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8104454714776888%2F Abstract  The last decade has seen an increasing trend in consumer preference of bottled water over tap water. Little is known what type of water children and adolescents prefer for drinking and what their parents think of their community tap water. The study objective was to assess drinking water preferences, perceptions of the qualities of tap water and bottled water, and fluoride knowledge in an urban pediatric population. We conducted an anonymous survey of a convenience sample of caretakers of children and adolescents at an urban clinic regarding their preferences for tap or bottled water, their perceptions of the quality of tap and bottled water and their knowledge of fluoride. Of the 208 participants (79% African American, 9% Latino), 59% drank tap water, 80% bottled... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918431 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 06:03:23 +0100 4918431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918433&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff7438m5123r13m1h%2F Abstract  Farmers’ markets are community health promotion interventions that increase access to fresh fruits and vegetables. As farmers’ markets continue to develop, it is important to strategically locate them in settings that are accessible to populations disparately affected by health disparities. One potential setting is a community health center. The goal of this analysis is to extend existing research on community readiness to identify indicators of preparedness among community health centers for establishing onsite farmers’ markets. The sampling frame for the readiness assessment included all community health centers in South Carolina (N = 20) representing 163 practice sites. Data collection included two brief online surveys, in-depth key informant int... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918433 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 06:03:22 +0100 4918433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4899847&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpu417066hl037171%2F Abstract  The American Indian population has among the highest rates of obesity in the United States. Thus, it is critical to understand factors related to this epidemic (e.g., physical activity, nutrition) among this ethnic minority population. The current study examined factors related to engaging in at least 4 days of physical activity (PA) per week and factors related to consuming at least 5 fruits and vegetables (FV) per day among a sample of American Indians in the Midwest. We used multiple methods to recruit participants for this study, including recruitment at pow wows, focus groups, health fairs, new student orientation for American Indian students, and other venues. A total of 998 American Indians (76% participation rate) completed a survey assessing sociodem... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4899847 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 06:01:44 +0100 4899847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4899848&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0v565p2723417901%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study is to further understanding of the association between distrust in the healthcare system and written and verbal expressions of donation intentions among African Americans. We hypothesize that distrust in the healthcare system will be significantly, positively associated with both verbal and written donation intentions. Five hundred and eighty five participants completed a 98-item survey that included scales on distrust in the healthcare system and donation intentions. Bivariate analyses (t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square tests and odds ratios) were used to explore the extent to which donation intentions and distrust in the healthcare system varied by demographic characteristics and the association between the distrust in the healthcare system sc... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4899848 Tue, 31 May 2011 05:48:21 +0100 4899848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859685&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F51726l464563t732%2F The objective of this study was to explore access to dental care for low-income communities from the perspectives of low-income people, dentists and related health and social service-providers. The case study included 60 interviews involving, low-income adults (N = 41), dentists (N = 6) and health and social service-providers (N = 13). The analysis explores perceptions of need, evidence of unmet needs, and three dimensions of access—affordability, availability and acceptability. The study describes the sometimes poor fit between private dental practice and the public oral health needs of low-income individuals. Dentists and low-income patients alike explained how the current model of private dental practice and fee-for-service payments do not work well ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859685 Wed, 18 May 2011 06:16:42 +0100 4859685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859686&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl5pu107257p05185%2F In this study, a total of One hundred and fifty military personnel aged between 20 and 55 years attending the Nigerian army Hospital, Air Force Clinic and Police Clinic in the Niger Delta of Nigeria were randomly recruited for the study. Samples were tested for HIV using an immunochromatographic assay. The CD4 cell count was estimated using the Partec Cyflow Counter (Partec, Germany). Results of the study showed an overall HIV prevalence rate of 14.67%. The prevalence of HIV was significantly higher among subjects in the ≥40 years age group (P = 0.03). The HIV prevalence was higher among female subjects compared to male military personnel (P = 0.05). Also, there was a significant negative correlation between the CD4 count and HIV positivity (r&nbsp... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859686 Tue, 17 May 2011 05:57:39 +0100 4859686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4837787&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb6378161706u2857%2F Abstract  The purpose of this pilot study was to illustrate international university students’ knowledge of HIV and AIDS, attitudes towards HIV and AIDS and risk behaviours in relation to HIV and AIDS. Questionnaires were posted to 140 students, and 32 responded. Data were analysed statistically. The results indicated a fairly good knowledge level of HIV and AIDS. The majority of students were well aware of the general facts about HIV and AIDS, modes of transmission and main risk groups, and they were also aware of the universal precautions. The majority of students had positive attitudes towards persons with HIV and AIDS and were willing to care for them. The students identified well with risk behaviours. Most agreed that their knowledge level of HIV and AIDS did affect ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4837787 Sat, 14 May 2011 05:48:03 +0100 4837787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4810529&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj237767053028465%2F In this study, we examine the association between self-efficacy to manage hypertension and six clinically prescribed hypertension self-care behaviors. We interviewed 190 African Americans with hypertension who resided in the greater metropolitan Charlotte area about their self-efficacy and their hypertension self-care activities. Logistic regression for correlated observations was used to model the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence to hypertension self-care behaviors. Since the hypertension self-care behavior outcomes were not rare occurrences, an odds ratio correction method was used to provide a more reliable measure of the prevalence ratio (PR). Over half (59%) of participants reported having good self-efficacy to manage their hypertension. Good self-efficacy was s... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4810529 Fri, 06 May 2011 05:54:00 +0100 4810529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4778825&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj630r8365583483q%2F This study assessed seasonal influenza vaccination coverage within an urban HBPC program and identified factors associated with vaccine refusal. A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2008–2009 influenza season was completed and influenza vaccination coverage was assessed. The association between social, demographic and health-related characteristics and vaccine refusal was evaluated using bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Of 689 people aged >65 eligible for influenza vaccination, 578 (84%) accepted and 111 (16%) refused vaccination. In multivariable analysis, vaccine refusal was positively associated with female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 3.35), black race (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.28... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4778825 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:41:44 +0100 4778825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4778827&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1731522646qw4060%2F Abstract  In the United States, low-income immigrant groups experience greater health disparities and worse health-related outcomes than Whites, including but not limited to higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The prevention and adequate management of T2DM are, to a great extent, contingent on access to healthy food environments. This exploratory study examines “upstream” antecedent factors contributing to “downstream” health disparities, with a focus on disparities in the structural sources of T2DM risk, especially food environments. Our target group is Latino immigrants receiving services from a non-profit organization (NGO) in Northern California. Methods are mixed and data include focus groups and surveys of our target group, interviews to NGO staff members,... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4778827 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:41:42 +0100 4778827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4778826&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F15621315q1j0g596%2F Abstract  Community needle-stick injuries are important public health problem due to concern of blood-borne pathogen transmission. Purpose of this study was to describe circumstances related to non-occupational needle-stick injuries in Georgia. Data were collected from one outpatient clinic in Tbilisi. Medical records from 2002 to 2007 were reviewed. Blood tests were performed on HBV, HCV and HIV at first visit and 6 months after exposure. 25 (54.4%) study subjects were children playing in street/yard and being accidentally stuck by used needle. Most frequent circumstances related to needle stick among adult individuals were recapping or discarding used needle while taking care of family member needed home injections (12 cases). Eight participants (17.4%) reported acci... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4778826 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:41:42 +0100 4778826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4778828&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fal41171t10117348%2F The objectives were (i) to determine the level of knowledge and practice of dengue control amongst the study community, and (ii) to explore the factors affecting practice of dengue control in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-urban Town of Malaysia, using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemography, knowledge related to dengue, knowledge related to Aedes mosquito and preventive measures against the disease. For comparison of survey responses, chi-square test was applied for categorical data. To explore the factors affecting the practice of dengue control, a linear regression model was introduced. Almost all of the respondents (95%) had heard about dengue. Overall, misconceptions of dengue transmission were identified and the practice of dengue con... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4778828 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:42:46 +0100 4778828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4770477&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk33724x179835047%2F Abstract  Compared measures of physical activity and dietary habits used in the Health Is Power (HIP) study, and described the associations of physical activity and dietary habits among African American and Hispanic or Latino women, adjusted for weight status. Cross-sectional baseline data were compared for community dwelling, healthy African American (N = 262) and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 148) who participated in HIP. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long form, the Check And Line Questionnaire (CALQ) log and accelerometry. Dietary habits were measured using NCI 24-h recall screeners, vegetable and fruit (VF) logs and the NCI Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Differences in physical activity... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4770477 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 16:38:45 +0100 4770477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4746854&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd423p3u59k20n716%2F Abstract  The use of multiple medications, in persons 65 years and older, has been linked to increased risk for cognitive impairment, falls, hip fractures, hospitalizations, adverse drug reactions, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if trained undergraduate students, in conjunction with pharmacists, could provide in-home medication reviews and demonstrate benefit to the health and welfare of a senior population affiliated with a primary care facility. Students received training in the completion of an in-home medication inventory, assessing a home for fall risk, and performing blood pressures. Once trained and proven proficient students performed the assessments in homes of Decatur Family Medicine Residency patients 65 years and older. Colle... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4746854 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 05:49:17 +0100 4746854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4746853&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm11521157673k3lj%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among rural patients with localized prostate cancer. The study also examined the participants’ disclosure of CAM use to their physicians. Baseline and 6-month follow-up data were taken from a study examining the factors that influence treatment choice and quality of life among men diagnosed with and being treated for localized prostate cancer residing in rural southwest Georgia (N = 321). A total of 291 participants were interviewed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Findings: At baseline, 26.4% reported ever using CAM. Among them, dietary supplements were the most commonly used (75%), and 56% of patients did not disclose their CAM... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4746853 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 05:49:17 +0100 4746853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4746855&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F00256t7j35l1084p%2F Abstract  To identify the sensitivity and resistance profiles of ophthalmic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a large, diverse demographic. The electronic database of a large health maintenance organization was searched for patients who had an ophthalmic bacterial culture performed from 2002 to 2008 which grew MRSA. Data collected included culture source, sensitivity and resistance profiles, and whether the infection was community or nosocomially-acquired. In this retrospective study, not all isolates were tested for all the antibiotics. All isolates tested for vancomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin were sensitive to these antibiotics and none were resistant. Gentamycin and chloramphenicol had the next highest sensitivity to resistance r... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4746855 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 15:57:59 +0100 4746855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4680404&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy315432751lm623g%2F Abstract  Recent studies have produced inconsistent results in their examination of the potential association between proximity to healthcare or mammography facilities and breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Using a multistate dataset, we re-examine this issue by investigating whether travel time to a patient’s diagnosing facility or nearest mammography facility impacts breast cancer stage at diagnosis. We studied 161,619 women 40 years and older diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from ten state population based cancer registries in the United States. For each woman, we calculated travel time to their diagnosing facility and nearest mammography facility. Logistic multilevel models of late versus early stage were fitted, and odds ratios were calculated for travel time... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4680404 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 05:43:03 +0100 4680404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4680405&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff420m80236742277%2F This study investigates the prevalence of five known and clinically important common polymorphisms in Angami and Lotha Naga populations. A total of 112 unrelated healthy volunteers (52 Lotha Nagas and 60 Angami Nagas) participated in the study. All the five genes were found to be polymorphic in the studied populations. The Lotha Nagas displayed higher mutant allele frequencies than the Angami Nagas except for the T allele frequency of the AvaII polymorphism of the LDLR gene, though chi square did not reveal any significant population differences by genotypes. In view of the relatively high mutant allele frequencies in both the populations, they are likely to be at a high risk of developing various complex diseases as they shift from an active and rigorous lifestyle to a more sedentar... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4680405 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 05:43:02 +0100 4680405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4680406&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj350631k7550474p%2F Abstract  Few studies have focused on perceptions of healthcare among Vietnamese who came to the United States (US) as refugees. A 48-item survey that included information on demographics, health status, and satisfaction with healthcare [including the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 (PSQ-18)] was sent to 49 former Vietnamese military officers, who are now living in the US, based on their current geographic residence. A total of 22 of 49 delivered questionnaires were completed and returned, yielding a response rate of 45%. The survey was sent in Vietnamese and English, and all except one was completed in Vietnamese. In response to “Language barriers have prevented me from accessing health care when I need it,” 77% of respondents acknowledged that this was “someti... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4680406 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:56:37 +0100 4680406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4680407&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2p4446113002854%2F This study investigated the relationships between lifetime community violence exposure (including total, hearing about, witnessing, and victimization), family functioning, and positive youth development (PYD) among 110 urban youth ages 10–16 years (54% female) using a paper and pen self-report survey. This cross-sectional study was part of an interdisciplinary community-based participatory research effort in West/Southwest Philadelphia. Almost 97% of the sample reported some type of community violence exposure. Controlling for presence of mother in the home and presence of father in the home, separate linear regression models for PYD by each type of community violence exposure indicated that gender and family functioning were significantly associated with PYD. None of the type... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4680407 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:56:35 +0100 4680407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4680408&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg727635434h701nu%2F This study demonstrated that alcohol taxation policy may pose favorite influences on the time trend of ADM rate in Taiwan, and such influence was most noteworthy in young and middle aged men. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10900-011-9398-yAuthors Chih-Ming Lin, Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, TaiwanChen-Mao Liao, Department of Applied Statistics and Information Science, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, TaiwanChung-Yi Li, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, #1, University Road, Tainan, 701 Taiwan Journal Journal of Community HealthOnline ISSN 1573-3610Print ISSN 0094-5145 (Source: Journal of Community Health) Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4680408 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 05:47:40 +0100 4680408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4674969&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F581j41986435q833%2F Abstract  American hospitals were started by religious, ethnic and community groups to serve local health care needs. Immigration into the eastern cities and the constant movement west of the frontier required the creation of educational and service facilities to serve these populations and localities. In the nineteenth century, Catholic sisters went all across the country establishing schools and hospitals. They were motivated to care for the sick, establish charitable institutions and spread their religious beliefs. Their impact on the development of the American health system was enormous. They also supported the importance of nursing for the provision of scientifically based medical care and created schools of nursing. Their historical record as founders, builders, fina... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4674969 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 07:20:30 +0100 4674969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4674971&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk2310245h546t25w%2F This study aimed to compare the tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and smoking behavior among Chinese medical and non-medical students across three grades from freshmen to juniors. Survey data were collected among 8,138 students using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Study findings indicate that compared to non-medical students, medical students in the sophomore and junior years reported significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding tobacco toxicants and tobacco-related diseases, and had stronger attitudes against smoking as personal rights and stronger attitudes in favor of smoking ban. The differences between medical and non-medical students remained after controlling for a number of covariates. However the prevalence rates of cigarette smoking were similar between medical ... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4674971 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 07:20:27 +0100 4674971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4674970&cid=s_35985_46_f&fid=35985&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fuk44380777833770%2F Abstract  This paper examines changes in the interval between first heroin smoking and onset of injection in a large, out-treatment sample of male heroin users in Hanoi, Vietnam (n = 1,115). Mean age at initiation of heroin use (smoking) was 18.4 and mean age of onset of heroin injection was 20.9 years. Full multivariate analysis indicates that the interval between first heroin use (smoking) and first heroin injection has been significantly attenuated among more recent heroin initiates (P = 0.0043), suggesting that heroin users in Vietnam may be at increased risk for exposure to HIV relatively soon after onset of heroin use, highlighting the need for behavioral interventions that target heroin smokers. Critical intervention goals include delaying the... Journal of Community Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4674970 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 07:20:27 +0100 4674970