MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Community' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:53 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5631337&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.2104 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5631337 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 07:33:37 +0100 5631337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621841&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.2107 ABSTRACTInterest in religion within the field of community psychology has steadily emerged within the last three decades. This interest has focused almost exclusively on the social benefits of religion, glossing over the often‐contentious nature of religious life and the ways in which religious individuals and institutions can disrupt healthy human and community development. Considering the recent surge of interfaith conflicts and discriminatory practices targeting religious minorities in communities across the United States, it is imperative that community psychologists begin to examine relevant trends in interfaith relations and potential directions for action research and intervention. This paper serves as the beginning point of just such an examination, proposing a multilevel model f... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621841 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:20:51 +0100 5621841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621843&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1133 ABSTRACTStress has been shown to deplete the self‐regulation resources hypothesized to facilitate effective role functioning. However, recent research suggests that positive affect may help to replenish these vital self‐regulation resources. Based on the revised Stress and Coping theory and the Broaden‐and‐Build theory of positive emotion, three studies provide evidence of the potential adaptive function of positive affect in the performance of roles for participants experiencing stress. Participants were students (Study 1), caregivers of children with illness (Study 2), and individuals recently diagnosed with HIV (Study 3). In cross‐sectional analyses, using role functioning as an indicator of self‐regulation performance, we found that positive affect was significantly correla... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621843 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5621843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621842&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.2105 In conclusion, the peasants' social representation of politicians favors clientelist practices, even though these small farmers do not identify, via their culture or their expectations, with these practices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621842 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5621842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600299&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.2106 This article is a case‐based reflection on the dilemmas surrounding community‐based research and how it can impact upon the experiences of both the community and the researchers facilitating the project. This case study is based upon the author's experiences of facilitating a participatory action research (PAR) project with a small indigenous community in the Philippines. Written more than five years since the project commenced, some of the challenges encountered are presented and reflected upon. This includes the dynamic nature of PAR, inter‐organisational conflicts, and lack of personal distance in action research. Sensitive issues specific to this case study are also discussed, i.e. land grabbing and violence against indigenous communities. Reflections are contextualized within di... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600299 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 07:52:33 +0100 5600299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5528124&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1134 ABSTRACTNational surveillance data indicate marked differences between Indigenous and other Australians in the prevalence of many sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Young Indigenous people bear a particularly high burden of these infections. A collaboration of university researchers, Indigenous health workers and young Indigenous people conducted 45 field interviews to examine how young Indigenous Australians keep themselves healthy and protected against STIs. Our findings emphasise the complexity of health behaviours, where individuals are rarely always ‘risky’ or always ‘safe’, as well as subtle gender differences in health practices. Preventive strategies employed by the young people were contingent on beliefs and knowledge about sexual partners, the type of relationship, t... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5528124 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 20:22:05 +0100 5528124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507776&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.2103 ABSTRACTInformed by a community psychology perspective, which takes an integrated and systemic, or holistic view of health and health promotion, this study presents quali‐quantitative analysis of health documents, produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) over the last 30 years. Textual analysis facilitated the identification of the typical specificities of international WHO health promotion documents, highlighting the lexical contexts of health promotion, particularly in relation to responsibilities for health and the concept of community health. Further, this textual analysis demonstrated how these understandings of health and health promotion have evolved over the last 30 years. Drawing on theory from within the field of community psychology, the changes proposed throughout ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507776 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 19:43:43 +0100 5507776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5497161&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1132 This article presents a detailed case study of a local group of citizens organizing to hold governmental and nongovernmental organizations accountable for improving housing and communities in Kansas City, MO. The case study draws on a review of organizational archival documents (i.e., organizational attendance records and internal reports); public documents from local, state, and federal agencies; media coverage; and a series of qualitative interviews with participants. The case provides an example of successful local community action. Yet, it also highlights many of the challenges that organizing groups face in making lasting community change. Change is constant and ongoing. Citizens' groups must therefore not only mobilize but also achieve a sustainable and politically viable presence to... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5497161 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 20:23:37 +0100 5497161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5489314&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1131 ABSTRACTCross‐case study methodology is a more appropriate and still rigorous methodology for community and systems change research and evaluation. It supports learning about effective implementation, community capacity building, and resident engagement—all core elements of community and systems change efforts. It also communicates more effectively to non‐researchers and evaluators if, how, and why community and systems change occurred through the use of a narrative that combines qualitative and quantitative data to tell a story. The application of the cross‐case study methodology, adapted from Yin's cross‐case synthesis approach, requires five essential steps: developing a theory of change, establishing a measurement framework that reflects methodological and data source triangu... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5489314 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 20:32:06 +0100 5489314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5479227&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1085 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5479227 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 20:00:00 +0100 5479227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5470768&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1130 This study focuses on the experiences of hostel living for older, long‐term homeless men in the UK. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 10 participants. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. There were three main themes identified, which capture the men's concerns and the means by which they coped with the hostel environment: ‘contingent sense of well‐being in the hostel’, ‘importance of connectedness to others’ and ‘balancing independence with reliance on others’. Running through all the themes was a sense that three fundamental processes were in play: threat to material safety, threat to self‐identity and threat to autonomy. Psychosocial implications of this study, for those working with homeless people, might involve a... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5470768 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5470768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443894&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1129 In this study, beliefs contributing to HIV‐related stigma in African and Afro‐Caribbean diaspora communities and their cultural context were explored through semi‐structured interviews with HIV‐positive (N = 42) and HIV‐negative (N = 52) African, Antillean and Surinamese diaspora community members in the Netherlands. Beliefs that HIV is highly contagious, that HIV is a very severe disease, and that PLWH are personally responsible for acquiring their HIV infection were found to contribute to HIV‐related stigma, as did the belief that PLWH are HIV‐positive because they engaged in norm‐violating behaviour such as promiscuity, commercial sex work, and, for Afro‐Caribbean diaspora, also homosexuality. These beliefs were found to be exacerbated and perpetuated by cultur... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443894 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5443894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350890&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1120 ABSTRACTThis paper considers how our understanding of religious identifications may be enriched through social psychological theorizing on group identity. It reviews a range of work (for example, sociological and social psychological) concerning Islam and Muslim identities and develops the case for viewing religious identities as constructed in and through argument. It then seeks to draw out the implications of such an approach for understanding group relations. Although minority religious identifications are often assumed to undermine social cohesion, the social networks within and between groups can contribute to inter‐group harmony. For example, reciprocal relationships characterized by trust and reciprocity can constitute forms of social capital that facilitate civic integration. Yet... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350890 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:55:26 +0100 5350890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350889&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1122 ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the relationship between Islam and the secular aspects of society which differentiate Islamic societies from other states. Bound up with this question is the issue of the extent to which Islamists challenge proposals that religion should be ‘set aside’ when people act as citizens by arguing that Islam embraces the whole of life. Using discourse analysis we examine extracts from media interviews with leaders of the Islamist Hamas movement about Islam and its application within the Gaza strip. The interviewees construct religion as being congruent with existing social practices within Gaza. This allows interviewees to make three claims: that the introduction of Islam will make no difference to existing society, that Islam will be tolerant of existing social ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350889 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:55:25 +0100 5350889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350888&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1119 ABSTRACTThis research aims to investigate the impact of minority members' decision about whether or not to adopt the majority's religion on how the majority perceives these minority members and on beliefs about religious and cultural diversity. It is hypothesized that the adoption of the majority's religion would be more positively evaluated, the minority person adopting the religion would be perceived to identify more with the national polity and less with the minority ingroup, the minority group as a whole would be more positively viewed, more tolerant religious beliefs would prevail and the majority would accept cultural maintenance by the minority. However it is also hypothesized that the positive effect of this strategy would be moderated by the origins of the minority person. Greek�... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350888 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:55:23 +0100 5350888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350886&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1123 ABSTRACTRecent research on meta‐stereotypes, that is, ingroup members' beliefs about how the outgroup sees them, may be of importance for intergroup relations between believers and non‐believers, especially in the context of increasingly secularized societies. How do believers and non‐believers think that outgroup members, respectively non‐believers and believers, see them? Do these meta‐stereotypes accurately reflect the outgroup's actual stereotypes? We investigated these questions by focusing on a series of relevant characteristics selected on the basis of previous research on religion and personality. Participants (n = 100) provided their stereotypes and meta‐stereotypes on eight personality traits. Believers and non‐believers tended to share the meta‐stereotype tha... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350886 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:55:22 +0100 5350886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350885&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1124 ABSTRACTPsychologists' attempts to define and measure religion reveal substantial variability, a lack of consensus, cultural variation and differences between religions. A discursive psychology approach can address variability in meanings and the inferential issues that may inform claims to be religious. This paper identifies strategies used by Syrian Muslims and Christians to affirm, reformulate or deny religiousness. The analysis is based on a corpus of data generated through semi‐structured interviews with 158 men and women. It shows how some speakers affirm that they are religious and treat this as a non‐accountable matter. When asked to describe the basis of being religious, they produced descriptions of their own practices or a set of general criteria. Other speakers denied or mo... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350885 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:55:20 +0100 5350885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350884&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1121 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350884 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:55:19 +0100 5350884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350882&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1127 ABSTRACTIn the UK in recent years, there has been a considerable and sustained increase in both levels of personal debt and over‐indebtedness. This commentary argues that recent UK policy formulation on personal debt management has sidelined problematic macroscopic political and economic changes by locating personal debt as a problem of individual financial incompetence. Through specific institutions, tools, techniques and practices, certain configurations of people in debt have been rendered knowable and changeable. In doing so, public policies that have brought about a greater need for a greater number of people to rely on personal debt remain largely beyond public view and have instead been reconstituted as problems of access to financial capability training. Copyright © 2011 John Wi... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350882 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 07:54:41 +0100 5350882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350883&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1126 ABSTRACTGroup boundaries between immigrant minority and majority members are currently undergoing considerable and complex changes in European multicultural societies due to migration. In this paper, we present a descriptive, longitudinal investigation of the usage of linguistic expressions in Norwegian media discourse that describe symbolic boundary developments between immigrant minority and majority members, and their multicultural context. Seventy‐two expressions are analyzed, and three temporal usage patterns are described (increasing, decreasing, and ‘mountain’) as central to understanding current symbolic boundaries and how they may both frame and be shaped by ideologies. Expressions describing immigrant minorities have increasingly focused on their establishment in the Norweg... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350883 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288619&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1125 ABSTRACTSocial actors operate under a basic imperative to construct explanations for the events that surround them. Many issues that dominate the societal agenda today are not available to direct perception, derive from traditionally expert domains and are relatively remote from immediate local experience. This presents a challenge for lay explanation of these issues. Social representations theory offers a useful framework through which the construction of lay explanation for such issues can be examined. The current study recruited this theoretical framework to investigate lay explanations of the recent economic recession in Ireland. Data consisted of semi‐structured interviews with 14 members of the public and a web‐based survey (N = 138). The data suggested that explanations for ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288619 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5165307&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1115 ABSTRACTThe excessive and public consumption of alcohol with other men has been a traditional indication of manliness in Western cultures for many years. However, over the last two decades, this association has been eroded, in part through increased consumption by women. Within the gender‐relational context of this increase, we empirically explore ways in which particular (friendship) groups of young men and women (re)construct masculine identities. The male participants demonstrated greater discursive flexibility in enacting their gender identities through alcohol consumption compared with earlier NZ research although also greater constraints on change compared with more recent UK research. A minority of men constructed themselves as atypical in that they did not like rugby, beer or con... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5165307 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 20:51:28 +0100 5165307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5165308&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1117 The objective of this article is to compare, through the theoretical lens of social representations, the way in which French and German media, specifically newspapers, represent the Bali climate conference. We use the triangulation of data analysis to take both the pragmatic and the semantic aspects of media discourse into account. Results show that German media adopt both a local and a global vision of climate change and of the conference. Religious metaphors highlight a moral dimension of the conference, suggesting anchoring in human and political categories. In contrast, in French media, we identify that conflicts between countries render the stakes of climate change concrete by war metaphors. The French discourses examined are shown to be organised through the anchoring of political an... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5165308 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5165308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149760&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1118 ABSTRACTThe ‘social inclusion’ of young people, particularly those who are ‘not in education, employment or training’, is a contemporary concern in policy discourses. However, it has been argued that the term ‘social inclusion’ is defined by adults and imposed on young people, and there is little understanding of what ‘social inclusion’ means to young people themselves. Using a participatory methodology, this study investigated what ‘being included’ meant to young people. A qualitative approach with a thematic analysis was used to explore the accounts of 11 participants and yielded three main themes. ‘“Acceptance”—the building blocks of inclusion' reflected the power of interpersonal acceptance in determining young people's sense of inclusion. ‘“Learning why... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149760 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 21:40:30 +0100 5149760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149761&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1116 ABSTRACTSpiritual and religious capital are forms of the broader construct of social capital. The present study, using probability‐based sampling methods, surveyed a national sample of African American adults to examine the relative contributions of spiritual and religious capital to their physical and emotional functioning. Analyses were conducted to determine if these constructs made a unique contribution above and beyond general social capital. African American men and women (N = 803) were interviewed by telephone. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that, across the full sample, although social capital was a positive predictor of physical and emotional functioning (p < .05 and p < .001), neither religious nor spiritual capital made an additional contribution to... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149761 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149762&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1113 ABSTRACTThe study explored the roles of commitment, emotional stress, and interpersonal relationships in sustaining individuals' engagement in collective action. Two collective action cases, differing in duration, issue, and territorial rootedness, were analyzed. The processes underlying sustained engagement were probed in 32 semistructured interviews conducted with antiglobalization activists (N = 13) and opponents to a high‐speed railroad (N = 19). Our findings showed that collective action can be stressful, but that there are proximal and distal factors that can counterbalance the disruption and sustain engagement. The proximal factors are embedded in the circumstances of involvement, and these factors concern interpersonal relationships, organizational mechanisms, and the psy... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149762 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134498&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1114 This article draws upon a yPAR project with fifth‐grade working‐class young people, primarily young people of colour, to demonstrate how the Five Whys method for reflecting on lived experiences facilitated the development of problem definitions in line with second‐order change. The Five Whys method, when used within a participatory framework, offers both a context and a structure for young people to critically examine social problems they identify and to seek out root causes. The article highlights changes in the participant's formulation of problems in the context of using the Five Whys method, from a primarily individual level of analysis to a more structural level of analysis. It also outlines the subsequent changes in proposed actions to address the identified problems. Copyright... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134498 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 07:13:06 +0100 5134498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112786&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1105 ABSTRACTCultural threat has emerged as a consistent predictor of anti‐immigrant and anti‐minority attitudes across many different national contexts. We examine this issue in the context of Northern Ireland using representative survey data, suggesting that Protestant and unionist communities experience a higher level of cultural threat than Catholic and nationalist communities on account of the ‘parity of esteem’ principle that has informed changes in the province since the Belfast Agreement of 1998. Our analyses confirm that, although there is evidence for some level of anti‐immigrant sentiment across all groups, Protestants and unionists do indeed report relatively more negative attitudes towards a range of immigrant and ethnic target groups compared with Catholics, nationalists... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112786 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 08:32:11 +0100 5112786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104319&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1111 ABSTRACTWith the aim of addressing environmental concerns from an applied social psychological perspective, this study explores how regulations aimed at reducing industrial pollution contribute to short‐term and long‐term changes in social representations. The local river in a Valley characterised by strong interactions between industries and communities was the focus of concern. Three features of the representations were examined: images, emotional experiences and practices. The research followed a multi‐method approach, using reports completed by 11‐to 14‐year‐old school pupils and collected in three periods: 1974–1977; 1978–1980; 2007–2009. In the third time period, interviews and surveys were also collected. Textual data underwent lexicometric analyses and qualitative... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104319 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:03:14 +0100 5104319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099657&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1112 ABSTRACTTwo studies investigated the relative social acceptability of certain prejudices within a society (Study 1) and between societies (Study 2), using (less) internal motivation to control prejudice as an indicator of social acceptability. In Study 1, White British participants reported less internal motivation to control prejudice against people with schizophrenia than against Black people. In Study 2, Jamaican participants reported less internal motivation to control anti‐homosexual prejudice than did either British participants or American participants. Other differences in motivation to control prejudice were smaller, absent, or at odds with this difference, indicating that differences in motivation to control anti‐homosexual prejudice were not solely due to cultural difference... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099657 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 22:29:12 +0100 5099657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090532&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1110 ABSTRACTData from an Australian community survey (n = 189) examining the predictors of prejudice against Muslim Australians were analysed. Using thematic analysis, we investigated the specific values our participants reported regarding their perceptions of Muslim Australians and Islam. We then investigated the relationship between prejudice against Muslim Australians, the most important value priorities given by our participants, and other prejudice‐related variables. After entry into a regression analysis, the participants high in prejudice were found to be significantly more likely to have lower educational levels and more right‐wing views. They were also significantly more likely to report high levels of national attitudes (i.e. stronger identification with Australian identity),... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090532 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 04:23:58 +0100 5090532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5032595&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1104 This study examined the role of value patterns of potential migrants from Russia to Finland (N = 229) in predicting expectations of post‐migration socio‐cultural adaptation. Furthermore, the fit between migrants' personal values and the values they expect to encounter in the new home country (i.e. perceived value congruence) was hypothesized to predict anticipated socio‐cultural adaptation (ASCA). The study took into account perceived cultural distance variables as well as socio‐demographic controls traditionally related to adaptation outcomes among migrants. According to the results, familiarity with the host country (i.e., the number of Finnish friends/relatives in Finland), the openness to change value and perceived value congruence significantly predicted potential migrants... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5032595 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5032595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082465&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1109 ABSTRACTThe current study examines the inherent biases about sexual offending held by 123 laypersons and 120 professionals (i.e. probation officers and therapists). In order to determine the extent of these biases, a series of brief newspaper articles were constructed to depict cases of sexual offenders. Each article comprised several combinations of key variables, including offender type, level of admission, and the presence of alcohol. Participants read a series of three fabricated articles and then completed a questionnaire regarding attitudes about the various offenders. The results indicate important differences between the lay and professional samples. Laypersons deemed sex offenders more favourably in terms of character, accountability, and risk for sexual recidivism. However, both ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082465 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5072795&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1108 ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore the presence of resilience factors in families living in an informal settlement on the outskirts of a rural town that have lost their homes in a shack fire. A mixed methods research design was utilised. Qualitative data were obtained through responses to an open‐ended question, and quantitative data were obtained through the completion of questionnaires by an adult representative of each of the 38 African families that were identified through convenience sampling. To identify resilience factors, content analyses (on the qualitative data) were performed and Spearman correlations (for the quantitative data) were calculated. The results show that supportive communication, a sense of being in control and having internal strengths and dependability... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5072795 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5072795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5065685&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1107 In conclusion, we suggest that many current interventions to improve material and social conditions within disadvantaged communities ignore the damaging effects of social inequalities between social groups. Work towards understanding the nature of power struggles in daily life and the everyday actions of the privileged will help us understand and address the damaging effects of inequalities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5065685 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5065685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043678&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1102 ABSTRACTThe study extends recent research on the link between attachment security and the sociocultural and psychological adaptation of immigrants. It was hypothesised that attachment style would moderate the effects of sociocultural adaptation difficulties on psychological distress and the relationship between attachment style and immigrant background variables was explored. The study was correlational and questionnaire‐based, including a sample of 172 Brazilian immigrants living in the UK. According to the findings, secure and dismissing attachment styles moderated the effects of sociocultural adaptation difficulties on psychological distress. Preoccupied attachment style moderated the effects of previous immigration experience on psychological distress and the effects of duration of s... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043678 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5032594&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1106 ABSTRACTThis paper recommends that the study of the case be seen as of primary analytic concern to social and community psychologists. Criticism is made of the idea that a case is merely an instance or a methodological option. Instead, we argue that psychologists should re‐direct their attention to the ‘study of the case’ as being central to issues concerning social life. There are three reasons for doing this. First, case study is basic to any procedure that involves collecting information about the context in which psychology is practised. Second, communication between professionals involves presenting the situation of their clients as storied accounts, so that cases are made, not found. Third, the communication of experience involves presentational work, which is basic to how indi... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5032594 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5032594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4995049&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1103 ABSTRACTWe conducted a field study to investigate the secondary transfer effect of intergroup contact, consisting in the generalisation of the positive effects of intergroup contact to outgroups uninvolved in the contact situation. Italian secondary school students (N = 175) filled out a questionnaire; the effects of prior contact were statistically controlled. Results showed that contact with immigrants improved attitudes toward them. In turn, these attitudes generalised to attitudes toward two dissimilar outgroups not directly involved in contact: disabled and homosexuals. Notably, we found evidence for a secondary transfer effect of intergroup anxiety and perspective taking, which generalised from immigrants to the disabled and homosexuals. Evidence was found for the mediating role ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4995049 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4995049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4995050&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1101 ABSTRACTWater shortages in Australia have highlighted an urgent need for alternative water sources, and technologically, water recycling is argued to offer the most cost‐effective, environmentally sustainable solution to these shortages. Yet public support for its implementation is low even in the drought‐stricken areas of Australia. Drawing from the theory of social representations, this study addressed community perceptions of water recycling. Three interrelated methodologies were employed in a self‐report questionnaire. Individual difference scaling/multidimensional scaling analyses of three word association tasks revealed that the emergent social representation of water recycling was contradictory in affect. Normative responses indicated an awareness of the need to use recycled w... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4995050 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4995050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808541&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1096 In this study, we explore how women who self‐identify as ‘large’ negotiate their body weight, health and neoliberal credentials. To this end, interviews were conducted with 18 women, and the transcripts were analysed using discourse analysis. The constructions of health and well‐being articulated by the women were much broader and more complex than those reproduced in dominant neoliberalised discourses of health and body weight. Although most participants positioned themselves as healthy and health literate, prevailing constructions of ‘fat is unhealthy’ were also reproduced, and participants often struggled with the conflicting subject positions of the healthy and health‐conscious ‘good neoliberal citizen’ and the fat ‘failed’ individual risking ill‐health. Drawing... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808541 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4925939&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1099 ABSTRACTThe present paper argues for a discourse analytic approach to social psychological peace research and demonstrates the potential of such an approach through a re‐specification of the concept of attitudes to war. This is illustrated through an analysis of a series of televised debates broadcast in the UK in February–March 2003 in the build‐up to the formal outbreak of the Iraq War. Analysis draws attention to the importance of rhetorical context and function, the inseparability of attitude object and evaluation and the formulation of evaluations as specific or general. Findings are discussed in the context of recent calls for methodological pluralism in social psychological peace research with a suggestion that matters of epistemology stand prior to methodology. Copyright © 2... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4925939 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4925939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4888145&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1100 This article presents the possibilities and advantages of integrating social psychology and political science in the study of intergroup relations in diverse societies in Western Europe. Social psychology provides interesting insights in understanding the emotional and cognitive consequences of increased diversity. However, this literature tends to overlook the role of institutional discourses and correlated practices in stimulating or constraining positive intergroup relations. In order to fill these lacunae, the article suggests the integration of social psychology and a ‘political opportunity structure’ approach. This article maintains that the political opportunity structures operating in a context are not only important for understanding actors' mobilisation, as usually maintained... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4888145 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4888145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4835513&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1097 AbstractThe paper presents a psychoanalytically informed analysis of the concept of hip‐hop identity through the lens of a four‐year social action research and documentary film project, titled Moving to the Beat (M2B). The M2B project sought to document and unpack key psychological and social dynamics behind the struggle for a global identity among Black hip‐hop activists in Africa and America. Two groups were formed, one in Portland, Oregon and a second in Freetown, Sierra Leone, with the aim of enlisting hip‐hop as a mode of cross‐cultural dialogue and as a forum for activism. Three key themes are discussed as they emerged as sites of creative conflict through the M2B project: the struggle to establish a progressive identity over against politically and psychologically regressi... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4835513 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4835513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808540&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1095 This article examines the discursive construction of the 1978–1979 social movement that ultimately became the Iranian Revolution, as constructed through the discourse of the charismatic leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. This article illustrates that Khomeini was able to strategically co‐opt the Shiite symbolism of the Battle of Karbala to bring together the most unlikely of bedfellows to unite in one common opposition movement. We first provide a summary of the socio‐political events that contextualised Khomeini's discourse and then examine two commemorative declarations given by Khomeini in the key months before the overthrow of the Pahlavi regime. We will illustrate, via a discourse‐historical analysis, that the two primary narratives prominent in Khomeini's discourse are as fo... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808540 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4785033&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1094 ABSTRACTDutch adults from a nationwide Internet panel (N = 426) were asked to imagine that their next‐door neighbours would move out and that people with intellectual disability would move in. Severity of disability and group size were varied to manipulate intergroup threat. These two factors independently influenced social acceptance and a variety of emotional and behavioural measures. In particular, it was found that a large group with severe disability aroused the strongest negative response, whereas a small group with mild disability aroused the weakest negative response. Small groups with a severe disability and large groups with a mild disability aroused similar and intermediate negative responses. Results are discussed in terms of theories of intergroup threat and stigmatisati... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4785033 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4785033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4777261&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1086 AbstractDespite an increase in goat donation programmes geared at orphaned and vulnerable children in sub‐Saharan Africa, the social psychological effects of goat ownership on the lives of these children have yet to be investigated. To shed light on the ways in which goat ownership affects children's psychosocial well‐being, this paper presents a case study of a goat donation programme in Western Kenya, paying particular attention to children's interaction with the goats. Informed by social psychological understandings of resilience and coping, we involved fifteen children (aged 12–17) in this qualitative study, using photographs and written reflections to describe the impact of goat ownership on their lives. The children also created daily routine diagrams and community maps and par... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4777261 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4777261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750299&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1092 AbstractCommunity participation is widely thought to be important in the improvement of healthcare delivery and in health equity. Yet there is little agreement about what ‘participation’ means in practice, or when it might be necessary. Drawing on the case of healthcare delivery in the UK, we examine key socio‐psychological elements at the heart of community engagement with participatory processes. We explore the link between public participant identities and social representations of patient and public involvement (PPI) among healthcare professionals, and examine the role they play in supporting or undermining inclusive and bottom‐up forms of PPI. The study is ethnographic, using in‐depth interviews with public participants and healthcare professionals involved in PPI, and obser... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750299 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:20 +0100 4750299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750298&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1091 AbstractRecently, some scholars have highlighted a paradoxical phenomenon existing in democratic systems: Those people who show the greatest support for democracy are also those most willing to protest against the authority and to question it. However, if we consider the tasks of contemporary democratic citizenship in a social‐psychological perspective, this apparent paradox becomes understandable. Obedience to authority may ensure the continuity of social and group life, but disobedience may be crucial in stopping the authority relationship from degenerating into an authoritarian one. Following Kelman and Hamilton's analysis of legitimacy dynamics, we consider how actions of disobedience may serve the defence of democracy. In particular, by considering the different ways in which people... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750298 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:19 +0100 4750298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750297&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1090 AbstractRecent research (e.g. Barnes, Auburn & Lee, 2004) suggests that citizenship opportunities and resources may be afforded or denied to individuals according to their group memberships. We consider how the generic processes of intergroup differentiation by which groups are socially devalued and excluded can reflect divergent conceptualizations of citizenship among different groups. As part of a wider investigation of social exclusion, a combination of methods was used to investigate the relative intergroup perceptions of residents from more and less affluent areas in Limerick city, Ireland. Participants (n = 214) completed the implicit association test and rated a fictional character on a series of citizenship‐relevant dimensions. All participants displayed negative implicit... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750297 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:18 +0100 4750297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750296&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1087 AbstractIn this paper, we argue for a social psychological approach to citizenship which focuses on how social actors define competent and legitimate polity membership, together with the associated rights and responsibilities that this entails. A perspective based on the principles of rhetorical psychology is adopted in order to explore these issues in an analysis of a sample of young people's talk about issues of immigration to the UK. Analysis considers how matters of ‘race’, national identity and culture were oriented to and constructed during the interviews. We then explore how rights and responsibilities concerning cultural expression, interpersonal civility/courtesy and (implicitly acultural) legal frameworks were articulated as practical criteria for judgements about competent a... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750296 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:18 +0100 4750296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750295&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1088 AbstractRecent theorizing on citizenship encourages a broader consideration of the degree to which individuals are able to participate in social life without valued elements of their self‐definition being compromised. This paper seeks to illustrate how social psychology can contribute to such an approach through providing an analysis of British Muslims' accounts of how others orient to their religious and national identities. The data are qualitative and derived from interviews with 28 Muslims. The analysis focuses on participants' accounts of how, in everyday interaction, others' assumptions about their religious identity affected their abilities to act on terms that were their own and how this constrained their abilities to speak and be heard in the public sphere. The wider significanc... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750295 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:17 +0100 4750295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750294&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1093 AbstractIn this paper, I raise the question of whether psychological citizenship (i.e. the subjective sense of being a citizen) is necessarily intertwined with a sense of national identity in our contemporary world. First, I argue that psychological citizenship is always dependent upon a sense of shared identity with the community (be it national or other), and I explore some of the reasons why this is the case. Second, I argue that such sense of shared identity can nevertheless sometimes remain implicit so that in order to assess its impact one may need to look beyond people's explicit statements of identification. Third, I turn to the more specific question of national identity and argue that such identity presents particular characteristics that make it consonant with the notion of citi... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750294 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:16 +0100 4750294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750293&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1089 AbstractThe concept of citizenship is currently the subject of extensive, and often heated, debate on the part of policy makers and social scientists. Many of the key concerns encapsulated in the idea of citizenship—collective identity, solidarity, pro‐social behaviour, group boundaries, intra and intergroup conflict—also represent longstanding concerns on the part of social and community psychologists. However, at present, very little psychological theory or research directly addresses the subject of citizenship. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore how the construct of citizenship might contribute to social psychological understandings of social conflict and solidarity and, conversely, to consider how existing social psychological theories and methods might contribute to con... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750293 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 19:32:15 +0100 4750293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4534238&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1084 AbstractAn intergenerational community intervention based on contact theory and using ‘photovoice’ methods was designed to change negative age‐group stereotypes and promote sense of community. A focused ethnographic approach was adopted. Participants were 18 young people and 13 older adults. Data from focus groups, carried out with each generation separately, and observational field notes were analysed using thematic analysis; credibility checks were carried out by auditing and respondent validation. Before the intergenerational intervention, both generations presented age‐group stereotypes and both experienced only a weak sense of community. After the intervention, both generations felt that intergenerational contact had reduced age‐group stereotypes and enhanced recognition of ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4534238 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4534238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4499180&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1080 AbstractThe paper uses insights from several Social Psychological theories to study the cultural artifacts of the Merry Cemetery (MC) of Săpânţa (Romania). In the first study we have content analysed the epitaphs written on the painted crosses of the MC and the results show that the epitaphs reflect personal as well as social identity (in which individuals are described as members of both the family and the community) and play two important roles for the community members: they serve as a message to the dear ones and as an external memory of the community's social norms and shared worldview. The second study explored the social representation of the MC in the local community. The results show that the social representation of the MC clusters around three main themes: its symbolic, econo... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4499180 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 00:37:32 +0100 4499180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4486124&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1082 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine prejudiced attitudes as a factor associated with social distance from people with mental illness. A total of 289 university students from Greece completed written measures assessing social distance from, prejudiced attitudes about, and familiarity with mental illness. A structural equation model with manifest variables was tested. Participants who reported to be more familiar with mental illness held stronger social care and weaker prejudiced beliefs, and consequently expressed a less strong desire for social distance. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research are outlined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4486124 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 21:13:27 +0100 4486124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4457082&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1083 This study tested whether social dominance orientation (SDO) predicted a conceptual disassociation between explicit (declarative or propositional) attitudes about equality and implicit (automatic or associative) views of how representative New Zealand Europeans and Maori are of the New Zealand nation (N = 48 Europeans). Explicitly stated attitudes framing equality in terms of procedural justice or meritocratic treatment were positively correlated with individual differences in the implicit tendency to view New Zealand Europeans as exclusively representative of New Zealand. This tendency to explicitly frame equality as based on individual merit and to implicitly favour the dominant (European) ethnic group as representative of the nation was observed only among people high in SDO. Our an... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4457082 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4457082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4452664&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1081 This study examined 416 Internet weblog posts authored by nine Deaf bloggers to describe aspects of Deaf culture and individual and community level empowerment strategies expressed in weblogs. Results highlight aspects of American Deaf culture, such as the value placed on American Sign Language and equal treatment of D/deaf and hearing people. Findings also provide evidence of expressions of Deaf culture such as the use of humour and supporting the community that have been less emphasized in previous literature. Community level empowerment strategies evident in posts included disseminating information, rallying the involvement of members and advocating for social justice. Overlap between expressions of Deaf culture and empowerment strategies were also found. Present results inform a growin... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4452664 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4452664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4416294&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1073 AbstractThis paper explores the discursive construction of immigrants' criminality in interview accounts obtained by a sample of Greek people in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece). Analysis, which adopts a discursive approach to stereotypes and category construction, indicates that fear and insecurity on the part of Greek people are represented as a sine qua non consequence of immigration to Greece. Two different lines of argument are used to account for the arousal of fear. According to the first, fear constitutes a corollary of a widespread stereotypical representation of immigrants as criminals. The stereotype of immigrants' criminality is considered to be ill‐warranted and it is attributed to the media or to other unspecified people. According to another, more regularly used, line of arg... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4416294 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4416294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4328316&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1077 This study explores the possibilities of everyday antiracism by asking how people negotiate racist discourses in interpersonal contexts. Twelve first year psychology students (10 female, 2 male, aged 18–50) who had completed a compulsory Indigenous studies course were recruited as participants. Semi‐structured interviews were thematically analysed for the constraints and facilitators for responding to racism in everyday contexts. As constraints against speaking up, participants offered ‘social expectations to fit in’, ‘fear of provoking aggression and conflict’, assessments of ‘the type of relationship’, whether they ‘could make a difference’ and the ‘type of racism’. As a facilitator for speaking up, participants reported they were confident in challenging erroneou... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4328316 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4328316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311347&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1078 AbstractAudio recordings of meetings of two community groups in a deprived inner‐city area were analysed, using discursive psychological and conversation analytic techniques to explore situated enactments of ‘community’. Participants situated themselves as members of a geographical community, of an ‘imagined’ community and of other constitutive communities. A sense of community was enacted through five interactional strategies: Affirming moral codes, ‘defending’ other members, distinguishing insiders from outsiders, enacting empowerment and challenging institutions. Participants regularly employed emotional displays and affirmed moral positions, both to constitute ‘community’ and to take action in it. In so doing they worked up social capital and positioned community conc... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311347 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4311347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4283205&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1079 AbstractIn Australia, community art has drawn significant research attention in regard to its potential as a community development strategy. Despite the fact that researchers have presented evidence for the positive developmental outcomes of participation in community art projects, a gap remains in understanding how and why people's participation in a community art project can lead to those positive outcomes. This research explored the meaning of participation in a community art project from the vantage point of the people who experience it. Ten participants were interviewed about their participation in a community art project (The Seeming) held in Bendigo, Australia. Following thematic analyses we identified three themes of how participants viewed their participation in a community arts p... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4283205 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 21:31:19 +0100 4283205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235410&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1076 AbstractThe two‐step flow model of communication (Katz, 1957) suggests opinion leaders obtain critical information from the mass media and, in turn, communicate this information to interpersonal contacts such as friends, family and co‐workers. It is suggested that religious leaders (RLs) may serve as opinion leaders on the topic of organ donation by debunking donation myths, promoting donation during worship services, or communicating the benefit of donation to families faced with the opportunity to participate in living or cadaveric donation. The current study examined the personal knowledge, experiences, and willingness to communicate about organ donation in a sample of RLs (N = 59) in Rochester, New York. Structured interviews were conducted in summer and fall of 2009 with a ran... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235410 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235409&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1075 AbstractNew terms and frameworks are constantly being incorporated into scientific and public discourses on the management of natural resources and the environment. The idea of invasive non‐native plant and animal species, i.e. of species that enter a new range and spread prolifically, is currently becoming part of the public discourse in Scotland. This constitutes a valuable opportunity to study how people engage with new scientific concepts. We analysed focus group and personal interview data to examine how participants (including the general public, conservation volunteers and scientists) familiarized themselves with the ecological concept of invasive non‐native species. Our analysis draws on the idea of anchoring in the formation of social representations, complemented by concepts ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235409 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235408&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1074 AbstractIn the first decade of the 21st century, British policing faced two new challenges in how it responded to social diversity: As well as instituting reforms in response to a highly publicized report describing the British police as ‘institutionally racist’ (Macpherson, 1999), they faced challenges associated with rapid increases in numbers of immigrants into the UK. Studying social representations at such times of change allows access into processes, themes and value systems that may otherwise remain hidden. This paper uses social representations theory to explore interview accounts provided by regular police officers of interactions with members of minority groups. Empirically, we focus on an area of diversity policing that has received relatively little previous attention: Poli... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235408 Tue, 07 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235407&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1072 AbstractVoluntary childlessness is a relatively novel yet growing phenomenon. This idiographic study explored three women's experiential journeys toward voluntary childlessness. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes identified were: Owning the choice to be childless, social expectations, and models of mothering. Despite defining ‘voluntary childlessness’ as an unequivocal decision, the women's experiential accounts revealed an intrinsic fluidity in their journeys toward childlessness. Factors including beliefs in equality, independence and career aspirations competed with constructs of mothering/motherhood, partnership and choice to create a complex tapestry of contributory factors in these women's childlessnes... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235407 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4129591&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1071 AbstractThe paper deals with the issue of practical knowledge for enabling participation. Participation as a strategy for change is widespread in community, health and human service contexts. Research to date has focused on the mechanisms of beneficiaries' participation (e.g. identity, empowerment, activity, gender, space). However, participation as an engagement strategy is action oriented and requires high levels of interaction between those creating the conditions for participation and those participating. These conditions need to be continuously adjusted and outcomes are often unpredictable. This process of ‘working with’ is often dealt with as a technical issue and captured in metaphorical language. Less emphasis has been given to the type of knowledge modalities that might be nec... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4129591 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4129591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4129590&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1070 AbstractAlthough the study of national identity in social psychology has examined the various ways in which the national group is ‘imagined’, little attention has been paid to the many collective national commemorations, celebrations and rituals of state assumed to unite the nation. This is surprising given the number of celebrations and commemorations which fill the calendars of modern nations throughout the world and which are assumed by social scientists to play some part in the reproduction of the national community. Taking the British Royal Golden Jubilee celebrations of 2002, the present study examines how understandings of Anglo‐British national identity are manifest in conversational interviews during and after these events. In line with previous examinations of Anglo‐Briti... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4129590 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4129590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4113606&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1064 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4113606 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 21:39:23 +0100 4113606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084103&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1061 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084103 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:30:58 +0100 4084103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084102&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1067 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084102 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:30:58 +0100 4084102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084101&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1068 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084101 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:30:56 +0100 4084101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084100&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1066 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084100 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:30:56 +0100 4084100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084099&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1069 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084099 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 17:30:55 +0100 4084099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4075962&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1065 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4075962 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4075962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4034263&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1063 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4034263 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4034263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026440&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1062 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026440 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4008547&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1060 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4008547 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4008547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3937635&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1059 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3937635 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3937635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3894036&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1052 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3894036 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 07:39:02 +0100 3894036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3894035&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1047 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3894035 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 07:39:02 +0100 3894035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3797117&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1049 The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ethnicity on perceptions of voluntary childfree women. We were interested in determining whether mothers were viewed as more stereotypically positive than women without children and how the ethnicity of the participant and the target impacted participants' ratings. We utilized vignettes and manipulated motherhood status and ethnicity of the target. Participants (n = 224) were comprised of female university students in the southwestern region of the United States. Results indicated that women view childfree women negatively. Moreover, women view African American mothers more favourably than childfree African American women. Results are discussed in terms of gender roles in communities of colour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3797117 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3797117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3797118&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1057 We explored linkages among different components of emotional competence and bullying and victimization in children enrolled in community after school programs. Seventy-seven children were recruited from after school programs and their display rule knowledge for sadness and anger was evaluated. Their emotion self-regulation skills and bullying experiences were also assessed. Knowledge of display rules for sadness was a negative predictor of physical victimization whereas emotional lability/negativity was positively related to bullying. Boys bullied more than girls and family income was negatively related to bullying and emotional lability/negativity and positively associated with emotion self-regulation. Emotion self-regulation mediated the relation between family income and bullying. Analy... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3797118 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3797118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3770530&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1056 Nuclear energy has received substantial recent attention, marketed as a 'green' solution to global climate change (GCC) with calls for new reactors. However, considerable debate exists about whether it represents a viable solution to GCC. Given the complexity and urgency of the issue, a full and balanced debate is desirable. Since media play an important role in shaping public perception, we examined print media coverage of proposed reactors in Georgia - one site in the southeastern United States, which has been the focus of such proposals. We analysed the content of editorials and news articles from two local newspapers - the Augusta Chronicle and Atlanta Journal-Constitution. The former exclusively published pro-nuclear opinion pieces whereas the latter published a mix of pro- and anti-n... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3770530 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3770530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3770529&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1045 This paper explores conceptions of commitment and styles of money management in heterosexual couples at two points in time: Just before the wedding (T1) and about a year later (T2). It also examines the potential effects of using FOCCUS as a form of marriage preparation (MP). Forty-two couples were recruited at T1 and randomly allocated to either A MP group and a group that would not be offered any marriage preparation - the Non-Marriage Preparation group (NMP). Individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out at T1 and T2, recorded and fully transcribed. A thematic analysis (TA) yielded three themes or levels of commitment which were used to categorize couples at T1 and T2. Their money management styles were defined based on Pahl's () typology. The results showed that con... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3770529 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3770529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3743161&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1044 Although extreme violence to teachers is rare, the fact remains that in the UK, 29% of teachers report having been physically assaulted by a pupil (ATL, ). The ways in which responsibility for such assaults are attributed can have legal, educational and managerial implications. In the current study, teachers (N = 66), pupils (N = 68) and parents (N = 64) from a large secondary school in the UK read an incident report form outlining an incident depicting a pupil physically assaulting a teacher. The incident report was manipulated such that, prior to being assaulted, the teacher had either separated the assailant pupil from another pupil using a physical or non-physical intervention. Results revealed that participating parents' and teachers' evaluations of the assailant's parents and the tea... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3743161 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3743161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3743164&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1051 Previous research has demonstrated that talk about immigration can function to produce, reproduce and stabilize racism (Capdevila & Callaghan, ). In New Zealand (NZ), changes in immigration policy have seen a rapid increase in diverse groups of migrants with varied cultural backgrounds entering the country in the past two decades. Given its unique colonial history and 'settler nationality in a bicultural nation' (Bell, ), we explored how young NZ adults talk about and produce meanings and understandings of immigration, immigrants and cultural diversity. Appealing to notions of NZ as 'one society', as English speaking, and as English looking participants constructed NZ, NZ national identity and the NZ economy in particular ways. This constituted a nationalist rhetoric that was taken up in c... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3743164 Sat, 10 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3743164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3743163&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1048 This study set out to explore the perceptions of young people from two deprived former mining communities in South Wales about their present and future selves. An opportunity sample of 11 teenagers was asked to describe a normal and an ideal day in their lives. Interview transcripts were submitted to a theory-led analysis to gauge the components of young people's selves and their hopes and fears of the future. Findings indicated diversity in the young people's future selves. While some young people were able to construct positive future selves despite adversity, others perceived no resources for a positive future, particularly if they shouldered heavy caring responsibilities, or suffered a lack of respect and recognition. Findings demonstrate powerfully that general protective or risk fact... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3743163 Sat, 10 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3743163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3743162&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1046 This study examines the efficacy of a parenting training (Workplace Triple P (WPTP)) especially designed for the needs of employed parents. The program aims to reduce stress at the work-parenting interface by targeting family risk and protective factors and assisting parents to manage competing work and family demands. Ninety-seven part- and full-time working parents (74 mothers and 23 fathers; intervention group: n = 42 parents; waitlist-control group n = 55 parents) from multiple organizations and multiple occupations with children between 2 and 10 years were randomly assigned to an intervention and a waitlist-control condition. After the training, parents from the intervention condition, compared to those from the waitlist-control condition, reported a significant reduction in individua... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3743162 Sat, 10 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3743162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3725882&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1054 In China, the organ supply is severely insufficient to cover all people on the waiting list for donated organs, and numerous patients die awaiting transplant. To achieve a better understanding of cadaveric organ donation in Chinese culture, this study examined 300 Chinese adults, in both Fujian Province and Macao, regarding attitudes towards organ donation, subjective norms about organ donation and traditional beliefs about the body and death, examining the influences of these factors on respondents' donation intentions. Multiple hierarchical regression results suggest that more negative attitudes, unfavourable norms and traditional beliefs lead to lower donation intentions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3725882 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3725882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3720486&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1053 Within the context of the Basque Country in Spain we examined how ethnic (Basque) and national (Spanish) identification relate to the evaluation of Spaniards, Basques, Andalusians and Catalans. On a sample of adolescent participants we tested a structural equation model which considered identity content (Basque separatism) as a mediator of the relationship between group identifications and group evaluations. While Spanish and Basque identification were associated with a positive evaluation of Spanish and Basque in-groups, respectively, the evaluation of out-groups that are relatively similar to the in-group were not affected by identification. In contrast, dissimilar out-groups tended to be evaluated more negatively by higher in-group identifiers. Basque separatism mediated the negative re... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3720486 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3720486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3720485&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1050 This paper draws on elements of critical discursive psychology in order to explore some of the issues and concerns raised by parents' responses to the policy and practice of school choice. Drawing on data from a group of mothers of diverse social class and racial backgrounds, this paper examines the dilemmas some mothers engage with in their role as chooser - reconciling competing rationalities for choosing or trying to manage contradictions. A central argument of this paper is that the policy and political context shaping the emergence of school choice in Britain has provisionally secured the development of certain trends in education - consumerism, individualism and competition. Alongside and coupled with this has been the veneration of a narrow utilitarian conception of parents as consu... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3720485 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3720485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838989&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1041 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838989 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838988&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1031 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838988 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517696&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1042 In conclusion, we suggest that integration of people with ID into everyday neighbouring relationships raises complex challenges for care organizations that need to find a balance between supporting the needs of people with ID they care for, adequate support and mediation for other neighbours when necessary, and all the while avoid becoming overly involved in neighbouring as a formal partner. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517696 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3517696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517694&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1036 This paper presents a study conducted on 709 Latin American undergraduates from four countries with different development levels (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain). The intention of this paper is to value the differences in the number and characteristics of stressful life events (SLE) suffered by the participants. Another purpose is to confirm the relation between SLE and suicidal conduct in Spanish cultural contexts, through the study of a multicultural sample of Spanish-speaking university students, and finally, to isolate the SLE that allow predicting a later suicidal conduct to a greatest extent. The information was collected by means of a self-applied questionnaire. The results indicate a greater presence of SLE among those who live in countries with lower development levels an... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517694 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3517694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517699&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1040 The present study explored whether the adverse mental health consequences of domestic violence victimization vary by type of loneliness (i.e., emotional and social loneliness). Participants were drawn from the Dutch city of Rotterdam (N = 7072). Domestic violence victimization, emotional loneliness and social loneliness were associated with self-reported mental health. In addition, interaction effects were observed between domestic violence victimization and each type of loneliness. Implications for policy practice as well as strengths and limitations of the study were discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517699 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3517699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517698&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1038 The present research examines the effectiveness of intergroup contact between 167 Italian hospital workers and foreign patients in reducing prejudice towards immigrants in general. The outcomes of contact at work were analysed controlling for the influence of contact outside the workplace and through mass media, and taking into account the role of empathy, anxiety and group membership salience. Results indicate that the beneficial effects of contact at work were partially mediated by increased empathy and reduced anxiety, experienced both in the work environment and towards immigrants in general. Finally, high levels of group membership salience facilitated the influence of contact on intergroup emotions. These findings show that contact at work can be a powerful means to reduce prejudice,... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517698 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3517698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517697&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1037 Integrating evolutionary and social representations theories, the current study examines the relationship between perceived disease threat and exclusionary immigration attitudes in the context of a potential avian influenza pandemic. This large-scale disease provides a realistic context for investigating the link between disease threat and immigration attitudes. The main aim of this cross-sectional study (N = 412) was to explore mechanisms through which perceived chronic and contextual disease threats operate on immigration attitudes. Structural equation models show that the relationship between chronic disease threat (germ aversion) and exclusionary immigration attitudes (assimilationist immigration criteria, health-based immigration criteria and desire to reduce the proportion of foreign... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517697 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3517697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3517695&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1043 This paper presents a discursive analysis of a political news interview as a site for the interactional organization of the public constitution of recent past. In a context of commemoration and finding out the truth about the past, the focus is on how the collective memory of socio-political events and political accountability is managed and what discursive practices representatives of nation-states draw upon to understand and construct ideological representations of socio-political events, namely the Romanian 'revolution' of 1989. The analysis shows how the possibility versus the actuality of knowing the truth about the events, (political) accountability and stake for actions are discussed, framed and given significance by constituting the 'events' of 1989 as 'revolution'. The analysis fu... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3517695 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3517695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3427096&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1039 This study illustrates that, even in an organization that is specifically attuned to meeting the needs of disabled people, there is still considerable exclusion and institutional discrimination. Strategies to promote participation within an organizational context may include providing sufficient time for reflection and support, and opportunities for board members to learn how to take part in constructive planning activities and to develop their strengths. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3427096 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3427096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199524&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1034 This paper presents experiences and reflections on the use of a participatory research methodology under the difficult conditions of a war situation in northern Uganda. We draw from two complimentary approaches in action research to explain our methodology while doing research on the reintegration of formerly abducted children. First, the experience oriented approach, which emphasizes the need to articulate experience as a basis for learning and knowledge. Second, the exemplary participatory approach which highlights the importance of enhancing empowerment and the need to find solutions for social problems. We find these two approaches useful for doing action research in a conflict area because of their emphasis on experience and empowerment respectively. In our research, experience is imp... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199524 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3196079&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1035 A vast body of literature has reported on the association between unemployment and poor psychological health. Nonetheless, there remains limited understanding of the influence of meaningfulness of time use, suggested by some to be the key mediator between time use and health. This project set out to explore the association between meaningful time use and health in 18- to 25-year-old unemployed people. In April 2007, 150 unemployed 18- to 25-year-old Australians (56% female) completed an online survey package exploring meaningfulness of time use and health. Hierarchical stepwise regression equations were developed to analyse the relationship between psychological health and measures of meaningful time use. Results provided partial support for the hypothesis that measures of meaningful time ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3196079 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3196079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3196082&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1032 Given the polarization of the early 21st century political atmosphere in the U.S., intergroup dialogue has emerged as a unique alternative setting, with intentions of facilitating a more productive and thoughtful citizen engagement. Although cross-partisan dialogue efforts are underway in community contexts, they have been slower to reach academic settings. This paper is an exploratory study of our own liberal-conservative dialogue course at the University of Illinois-the first of its kind, to our knowledge. After describing basic features of the course, we identify themes from student journals and final evaluations suggesting both dialogue benefits and challenges. Finally, we discuss the growing literature around dialogue, questions of its long-term impact, and larger potential barriers t... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3196082 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3196082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3196081&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1028 This study took place in Makola Market, Accra, Ghana, to investigate the emerging intergroup encounters between established Ghanaian traders and nascent Chinese traders. Photo-elicited semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore how their interrelated experiences shape their interpretative framework and inform the dialectic of contact and social identity. I draw on these interpretative frameworks to propose a new model of contact, the Tri-relational Contact Model, to capture and highlight how people's experiences include contact relationships with not just each other, but also with their places of business and the goods of trade. The findings from this study empirically highlight the micro-level impact of China's presence in Ghana and help re-conceptualize the contact hypothesis t... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3196081 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3196081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3196080&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1033 The household registration system (Hukou) implemented by the Chinese government divides the Chinese society into two groups: urban residents and rural residents. Since the 1980s, millions of rural residents have migrated to cities without official permission. In this paper, we investigate urban residents' subtle prejudice towards rural-to-urban migrants. Specifically, the impacts of urban residents' socioeconomic status (SES) and their perception of migrants' adaptation styles are examined. A sample including 457 Chinese urban residents is taken from four cities in China. Educational and occupational levels are used to indicate urban residents' SES. Four adaptation styles (integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization) are manipulated by using vignettes. The results show that S... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3196080 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3196080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3937636&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1058 Abstract (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3937636 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3937636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838987&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1043 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838987 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838986&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1053 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838986 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838985&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1046 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838985 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838984&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1044 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838984 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838983&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1051 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838983 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838982&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1057 (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838982 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3065602&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1030 The study was aimed at identifying the impact of a pool of variables on the willingness of the participants in five consultative arenas (Open Space Technology) to become involved in future experiences of civic engagement. The study also intended to verify whether such willingness varied among subgroups of participants. In total, 194 participants (49.5% men, 50.5% women; mean age = 37.04) were recruited during five OSTs held in Italy between May and November 2008 and asked to fill in a questionnaire composed of the following measures: perceived costs and benefits, emotions, sense of community, trust in institutions and need for cognitive closure. Findings suggested that the setting-related variables - namely the perception of costs and benefits and the arousal of positive feelings - were mo... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3065602 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3065602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3065601&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1031 This paper discusses a qualitative study that explores the impact the development of a cultural contact zone has upon identity processes in the Dialogical Self. The analysis draws upon interviews with Irish nationals, immigrants and asylum seekers in a new cultural contact zone. The findings illustrate uncertainty experienced as a result of immigration, suggesting that the development of the contact zone caused cultural discontinuity. The individuals' uncertainty for their cultural identities' future viability demanded the development of identity strategies to maintain continuity with their perceived cultural future, where they were faced with cultural others. Identity repositionings and a strategy to maintain continuity will be explored in the current paper. The Irish and asylum seeker pa... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3065601 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3065601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3021454&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1029 Research on helping behaviour has emphasized the importance of the group and particularly the nation in establishing the norms and boundaries of emergency helping. Less attention has been paid to the role of the national group in longer-term routine helping such as charitable giving. This is particularly important given recent research on intergroup helping which points to the impact of power relations on willingness of national groups to give and receive aid. The present research examines people's accounts of charitable giving in their day-to-day lives in Ireland, a country which has recently undergone a transformation in economic development and international relations. Discursive analysis of five focus groups with 14 Irish university students illustrates how participants proactively inv... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3021454 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3021454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2965675&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1024 This study has two aims: First to provide an account of rural residents' perceptions of village life in terms of interpersonal support, mutual aid, trust, social cohesion and community competence, and second to examine the suitability of the social capital notion within the specific cultural context. A combination of data collection procedures and a range of sources were employed, such as key informants, rural residents and researchers' field observations. The findings indicate that small farming communities of high devotion with deep roots and strong sense of belonging face severe demographic imbalance and experience low civic power given the limited links with external agents. The mainstream notion of social capital as an unconditionally beneficial factor is thus questioned. The findings... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2965675 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2965675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2965676&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1027 One interesting perspective from which to investigate participation processes is that of gender (Angelique & Culley, 2007). The disparity between male and female participation is evident, in particular when dealing with politics. The research reported here examines any differences between men and women in three different groups: non-participants (N = 201), social participants (N = 167) and political participants (N = 184). Two specific aspects were considered: (a) the perception of sociopolitical control, that is leadership competence and policy control, and (b) the perception of costs and benefits derived from participation. In focusing on such perceptions, if any difference could be evidenced, we aimed to investigate if this difference was determined by gender, by the type of participati... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2965676 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2965676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2750410&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1025 This study examines the role of psycho-social variables identified by previous studies as potentially relevant moderators of identification: (a) Vested interest in natural resources, (b) evaluation of the designation process of protected areas and (c) institutional trust. It further extends previous research by analysing the support given to contextually relevant ecological practices. Results reveal a positive link between place identification and attitudes in the high vested interest condition and show that support for conservation practices is better predicted in the high vested interest and low trust conditions. The discussion focuses on the relevance of analysing contextually relevant psycho-social moderators when attempting to understand how local communities' relation with biodiversi... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2750410 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2750410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2680516&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1023 We explore the discursive construction of Italian identity among a bilingual sample of Italian-born Western Australians. Focus groups were held with two groups: Italians who had migrated to Australia as children and a group who had migrated as adults. We found intra- and inter-individual differences in identity construction, with much discourse devoted to demonstrating Italian authenticity and negotiating ethnic category boundaries. Shared markers of authenticity included language, heritage and food. The groups varied in their selection of referent groups to make authenticity claims, with the child migrants drawing upon the shared Australian stereotype of 'wogs' to construct and authenticate their Italian-ness. In contrast, adult migrants constructed Italian identity through comparisons wi... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2680516 Fri, 07 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2680516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2636743&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1015 This article discusses the mobilization of health professionals in developing a participatory project within a cross-cultural framework, focusing on research that involved more than 70 researchers and other professionals all over Italy. Research team discussions, peer validation of gathered data and reflexivity all had a significant role. The paper illustrates various issues, which are often not explicitly mentioned in research reports, related to recruitment, cooperation between researchers, interactions between researchers and participants, information about decision-making and the actual modalities of execution of the project. Moreover, the careful descriptions of qualitative research principles within the action research approach and a mixed methods design should enhance the research c... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2636743 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2636743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2594055&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1016 This paper examines how teenage girls diagnosed with and being treated for anorexia nervosa in hospital construct their anorexia, their identity as patients, medical authority and their doctors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 adolescent girls in two large, metropolitan hospitals in Australia. Using a discourse analytic approach informed by poststructural theory, we elucidate how girls perform as patients, contest the authoritative position of doctors and deploy popular, taken-for-granted discourses of femininity to resist treatment regimes and the construction of themselves by others as 'anorexic' and 'sick'. Our analysis indicates that medical discourses in the hospital do not necessarily define or delimit girls' constructions of themselves, of anorexia, treatment or their rel... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2594055 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2594055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2461652&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1013 Strategies aimed at reducing land use conflict often stress the need to make planning decisions more democratic. However, this goal is obstructed by overly-narrow conceptual perspectives that neglect the symbolic significance of place. We illustrate this by examining place names, which function as repositories of socio-political meaning. Drawing on elements of discursive and rhetorical psychology and subject positioning theory, we investigated the variety of meanings associated with place names in the context of a proposed housing development in Swindon, in the South of England. Thirty interviews with different stakeholders were conducted to gauge their opinions towards the proposal. Noting differences in the way the proposed site was named, we analysed the range of meanings associated wit... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2461652 Mon, 08 Jun 2009 02:11:28 +0100 2461652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2461654&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1012 Previous research indicated that people who strongly identify with their own group are more involved in the group's actions. The current study examines the relation between three dimensions of group identification (affect, ties, centrality) and forms of community involvement among members of the Jewish minority in Poland. The strength of ingroup ties predicted involvement in the ethnic minority community. The link between identification and involvement was mediated by the cultural dominance. The reported study was the first quantitative survey of the Jewish community in post-War Poland. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2461654 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2461654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2461653&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1014 This study tested the feasibility and utility of developing a multiple-method and multiple-reporter measure that describes the community substance use environment. Data on community-level norms and availability of substances were reported by 5261 students and 181 prevention-focused community leaders (CL) involved in the 28 promoting school-university-community partnerships to enhance resilience (PROSPER) Project communities between 2002 and 2005. Additionally, locations of alcohol and tobacco outlets were geocoded. Initially, these four subscales were aggregated to measure the community substance use environment. Analyses demonstrated this measure was associated with community rates of adolescent reported cigarette use, but it was not associated with community rates of adolescent reported ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2461653 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2461653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2420639&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1010 This study investigated social understandings of refugees from Africa in a regional town in NSW, Australia. Drawing from Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, ), the study investigated whether place of origin (Africa) mediated understandings held about refugees. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, a between-subjects manipulation using word association tasks revealed that the super-ordinate term Refugees, and Refugees from Africa shared a common core of elements (poor, war). Although sharing a core, these representations were differentiated by peripheral elements which concurred with social understanding of Africa (e.g. disease), and media portrayal of refugees/asylum seekers (e.g. boat). The salience of these meanings in the community was further explored using a self-repor... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2420639 Tue, 19 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2420639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2410177&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1011 This paper investigates how the categorization of migrant workers shapes their reception. In an experiment with Northern Irish Protestants we manipulated the representation of Poland to make the Catholicism of Polish migrants either more, or less, salient. Furthermore, judgements of Polish migrants were obtained under conditions designed to encourage participants to believe that sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland was either resolved, or still a strong feature of the present social landscape. Overall, results showed that when Poland's Catholicism was salient, participants were less welcoming of Polish migrants. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by increases in the level of symbolic threat participants believed the migrants posed to participants' (Protestant) community identity. Copy... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2410177 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2410177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316400&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1006 This study explored what it means to be British from the perspective of young British Indian and Pakistani adults. Fifteen respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule in order to explore their self-descriptions and self-categorizations, how different contexts influence their identifications as British and as Indian/Pakistani, their sense of patriotism, and their perceptions of racism, discrimination and multiculturalism. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the interviews. The respondents' identifications and the role of context, threat and racism were studied in detail, and a model of how these individuals defined the boundaries of Britishness, and how they positioned themselves in relationship to these boundaries, was derived from the data. Six boundaries of ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316400 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316406&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1009 The study reports a group-randomized trial of a theatre-based intervention to prevent sexual abuse targeting first and second grade primary school children in Germany. A sample of 148 first and second graders saw a live performance of a play designed to promote skills in dealing with abuse-prone interactions with adults, watched a recording of the play on DVD or were assigned to a no intervention control group. Both the live performance and the DVD groups showed significant increases in the target variables (distinguishing good/bad touch and secrets, getting help, rejecting unwanted touch) from baseline to post-intervention and a follow-up after 2 weeks, while the control group did not show changes. The live performance and DVD groups participated in a further follow-up 30 weeks post-inter... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316406 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316403&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1008 Despite the popularization of the environmental discourse, rural environmental belief-systems should not be viewed as homogenous. Focusing on the largest protected area in Greece, we examined heterogeneity in local environmental views. Local spokespersons elicited word associations to two stimulus terms, namely, 'environmentalists' and 'protected area'. Based on association categories for both terms, we identified two sample segments. 'Naturalists' appealed to a naturalistic image, which shaped the core compartment of their representations. On the other hand, 'skeptics' provided both environmentalist claims and critical accounts. Our findings revealed that the environmental discourse was widely diffused among local spokespersons. Issues of power and participation in decision-making process... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316403 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2176492&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1000 Obedience has been thoroughly studied in social psychology, both in its positive and negative aspects. Nevertheless, in these empirical studies disobedience has been considered to be the opposite of obedience and indeed its negation. Instead, some recent studies suggest that if obedience to authority is important in ensuring the continuity of social and group life, disobedience is crucial, under some circumstances, in stopping the authority relationship from degenerating into an authoritarian relationship. In this perspective, disobedience may be conceived of as a protest undermining the legitimacy of authority, or else it can represent an instrument of the community for controlling the legitimacy of the authority's demands, becoming a factor safeguarding against authoritarianism. The aim ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2176492 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2176492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2088848&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.999 In recent years concerns have been raised about the increase in alcohol consumption amongst young women in the UK. This paper presents a qualitative study of the experiences and relationship young, middle-class, female students have with alcohol. Interviews with five friendship groups were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal the integral part alcohol plays in the young women's social lives and its importance in the staging of the young female self. Drinking can be seen as empowering and confidence boosting. However, the 'friendship' between femininity and alcohol is a contemptuous and fragile one. Loosing public self-control is seen as an invitation to unwanted sexual attention and even exploitation. The interviews not only illustrate the gendered and classed behavioural ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2088848 Thu, 08 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2088848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2088847&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1003 The present study applies a broadly discursive approach to the representation of welfare reform and unemployment through an analysis of the deployment of an interpretative repertoire of effortfulness in posts to an internet discussion forum. It is argued that when posters construct versions of unemployed people or welfare recipients as characterized by 'laziness' or lack of 'effort' the attribution of responsibility for unemployment is frequently not the only piece of discursive business being attended to. In addition, posters attend to issues of their own accountability and, significantly, the accountability of the government or welfare system itself for the extent to which welfare recipients are formally held to account. It is argued that this approach extends previous social psychologic... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2088847 Thu, 08 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2088847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2079934&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.998 The purpose of this research was to examine the extent to which social support and wider community perceptions/engagements among adolescents are connected with well-being. We compared adolescents in two different societal contexts, Florida in the United States and County Offaly, in Ireland, and posed the questions: What are the key predictors of subjective well-being from the various sources of support, and to what extent does the impact of social support on well-being vary across these two societies? Questionnaires were completed and returned for 607 respondents (322 in the Irish study and 285 in the Florida study). A variety of scales were adopted and designed to operationalize our key concepts of: Adolescent well-being, social support, school satisfaction, neighbourhood quality of life ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2079934 Mon, 05 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2079934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2079933&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1005 We investigated a total of 4997 postings on an extreme right-wing Internet discussion board with regard to the groups and themes mentioned. The most frequently mentioned target groups were Africans, Jews, Muslims, Poles, and Turks; the most prominent themes and contexts were conspiracy, criminality, exploitation, threats to German identity, infiltration, mind control and harassment, procreation, rape, and sex. We analysed in detail postings about Africans/Blacks and Jews, that is target groups that were the most clearly connected to particular themes. The analysis reveals that extreme right-wing discourse essentializes the target groups of Jews and Africans/Blacks and ascribes them immutable group-specific attributes that effectively make them 'natural kinds'. The group of Jews appears as ... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2079933 Mon, 05 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2079933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2079932&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1004 The 'NIMBY' (Not In My Back Yard) concept is commonly used to explain public opposition to new developments near homes and communities, particularly arising from energy technologies such as wind farms or electricity pylons. Despite its common use, the concept has been extensively critiqued by social scientists as a useful concept for research and practice. Given European policy goals to increase sustainable energy supply by 2020, deepening understanding of local opposition is of both conceptual and practical importance. This paper reviews NIMBY literature and proposes an alternative framework to explain local opposition, drawing upon social and environmental psychological theory on place. Local opposition is conceived as a form of place-protective action, which arises when new developments... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2079932 Mon, 05 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2079932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2079931&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1002 Sense of coherence (SOC) is a dispositional trait that has been linked to well-being in a broad range of populations and contexts. Little is known, however, about the factors associated with SOC development and maintenance across the lifespan. Conceptualized as a condition of resiliency, SOC in adolescents was explored via measures of risk and protection as reported on by 8th and 10th grade students (N = 1619). Employing cumulative indexes of protection and risk, analyses focused on testing four models of resiliency. Further, the relative and cumulative effects of protection and risk were explored across ecological domains. Analyses revealed support for the compensatory model of resiliency for males and females, while the challenge model also was supported for females. Analyses also reveal... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2079931 Mon, 05 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2079931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070335&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.996 In this study, we investigated the self-reported emotional reactions, coping responses and long-term impacts of discriminatory experiences among 50 Mapuche adults in Chile. The limited literature suggests that a substantial proportion of the Chilean majority society is prejudiced and discriminatory towards the indigenous Mapuche population, and that the Mapuche experience discrimination. Interviews with participants indicated that discrimination was psychologically wounding, and aroused anger, undifferentiated bad feelings, shame and a sense of powerlessness. Participants responded with self-protective, self-controlled or confronting actions. Although negative long-term effects were reported, ethnic re-affirmation and strengthening of bonds within the Mapuche community were positive outcom... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070335 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2070335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070336&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.993 Mothering on welfare is often discussed as perpetuating disadvantage and discouraging individuals from meaningful social activity defined as paid employment. This is understood in the context of increasing commitment to a neo-liberalist agenda, where people are viewed as autonomous individuals in a market economy, and unequal rewards within this economy are due to individual failings. The discourse analysis presented here examines how health professionals in New Zealand construct what it means to be a mother on welfare within the context of interviews on the health care needs of adolescent mothers. Mothering on welfare is predominantly described as transgressing social norms, where a life of ease is an indicator of immoral conduct and personal value is determined through education and empl... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070336 Wed, 31 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2064164&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.989 The relations of perceived cultural distance, personality, acculturation orientations and outcomes were studied among exchange students (N = 187) in Russia who came from various countries in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the former Soviet Union. The hypothesis was supported that a larger perceived cultural distance between mainstream and immigrant culture is associated with less psychological (homesickness and stress) and sociocultural (behaviour with Russian students and behaviour with co-nationals) adjustment. The statistical relations between perceived cultural distance, personality and sociocultural adjustment were much stronger for host domain behaviour than for home domain behaviour. Adjustment was higher for participants with more cultural empathy, openmindedness and f... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2064164 Fri, 26 Dec 2008 04:37:39 +0100 2064164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050505&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.997 This paper focuses on the questions which heterosexual trainees ask about lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) experience within diversity training about LGB issues. Drawing on a data corpus of 162 questions asked by trainees in 13 tape-recorded training sessions, questions were coded into six categories: (1) general 'understanding' questions; (2) questions about the trainer's life, experience and practices; (3) professional practice questions; (4) questions about lesbian and gay related legislation, policies and procedures; (5) questions about specific people and projects and (6) questions about the meanings, derivations and correct use of terms and symbols. 'Real' questions are compared with the decontexualized questions (and answers to them) that are provided in training manuals and it is de... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050505 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050504&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.995 In this study, 180 letters to the editor in two newspapers were analyzed to identify themes and processes relevant to conceptualizing who should have access to MART. Representations of family were particularly evident and themes supported the traditional family structure of a mother, father and children, arguing that access to MART should be restricted to this family form. However, emerging representations of family, based on themes of positive parenting values, independent of gender and number of parents, were also observed, suggesting that political agendas restricting MART to heterosexual family structures are not supported by public consensus, or by the emerging acceptance of alternative family forms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050504 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050503&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.1001 Contexts in which minority size is positively related to intergroup conflict are challenging for the contact hypothesis. In such situations, if opportunities for contact increase prejudice, the contact hypothesis may seem less credible, but if they reduce prejudice, the contact hypothesis may seem less useful for improving intergroup relations. Based on path analyses run on a Romanian national probability sample (N = 733), the current research shows that the contact hypothesis can nevertheless be relevant. Because the Hungarian minority is concentrated in Transylvania, a region with a long history of conflict between Romanians and Hungarians, Transylvanians have more opportunities for out-group contact than other Romanians. However, the analyses also detected significant differences within... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050503 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050502&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.992 This paper draws upon parental accounts from a study of the process of transition for a cohort of 28 young people with relatively severe intellectual disabilities who left special schools in 2004 and 2005 in two adjacent English localities. This paper examines how parents negotiate these boundaries and position themselves in relation to risk. A primary concern identified by parents during this transition period focuses on the risk of harm facing these vulnerable young people (whether through accidents or through sexual, emotional, physical or financial abuse) as they move into the adult world. These concerns are juxtaposed with discourses that increasingly promote the possibilities for people with intellectual disabilities to express and follow their own wishes and aspirations. For example... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050502 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050501&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.991 To what extent can social psychology study individuals within social contexts without strengthening theories and methods appropriate for the analysis of individual development within changing societies? Theoretical and epistemological arguments stressing the centrality of a temporal dimension are reviewed. In order to generate an objective picture of the current research practices, a standardized content analysis was carried out on 699 empirical studies published around 2000 in the European Journal of Social Psychology (EJSP), the British Journal of Social Psychology (BJSP), the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP), the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology (JCASP) and Social Psychology Quarterly (SPQ). This corpus was completed by a four-point longitudinal anal... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050501 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050500&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.988 Participation in community groups is argued to be an important way to create health-promoting social capital. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the ways in which gender affects the health promotion potential of participation. This paper reports on a qualitative study of women's experiences of participation in a diverse range of community groups, and considers how such involvement can potentially have a negative impact upon mental well-being. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 women in Adelaide, South Australia. Women's accounts of their group involvement reflected that their identities as mothers were particularly important in shaping their participation. Some women reported difficulties in combining group involvement with their family responsibilities. Stress a... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050500 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2050499&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.987 This study focused on understanding the mother-perceived strengths of 50 elementary school-aged children experiencing homelessness. Mothers typically identified multiple child strengths, even among children experiencing emotional or behavioural difficulties. These strengths included positive personality and behavioural characteristics, intelligence and academic achievement and positive physical attributes. Implications for intervention and further research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Journal of Community) Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2050499 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2050499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2031265&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.983 Mobile phone use is a prevalent behaviour amongst youth; however, there is little research to determine psychological influences on mobile phone use. This paper reports the results of a qualitative exploration into social psychological factors relating to young people's mobile phone use. Focus groups were conducted with 32 participants, aged between 16 and 24 years. Three major themes, connectedness, belonging and social identity, were explored in relation to young people's mobile phone use. Easy contact with others when using a mobile phone facilitated connectedness between people. A need to remain connected emerged in participants' descriptions of their mobile phone use. Consequently, data were analysed for factors underpinning people's desire to be connected. It emerged that mobile phon... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2031265 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2031265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2012695&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.982 There is much political and media discussion about asylum in Britain and opinion polls indicate public hostility towards asylum seekers. The current research aims to contribute towards a greater understanding of public responses to this issue by exploring the social representations of asylum seekers. Social representations theory provides a useful framework for research on asylum as it conceptualizes public understandings of new and challenging social objects. Semi-structured interviews conducted with lay participants and experts working in support of asylum seekers were thematically analyzed and the results were compared with existing media representations. These comparisons suggest that public representations of asylum seekers differ from formal discourses and are closer to media portray... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2012695 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2012695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2009669&cid=s_33732_36_f&fid=33732&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fcasp.976 This cross-sectional survey research study examined the role moral beliefs play in predicting behavioural beliefs and attitudes and the role that subjective norms play in predicting moral beliefs. Using a self-administered questionnaire, one hundred and three feedlot veterinarians completed measures of behavioural beliefs, referent others, perceived constraints and moral beliefs regarding recommendations to use antimicrobials in four situations (i.e. acutely sick cattle, chronically sick cattle, at-risk cattle and high-risk cattle). Regression analysis and F-tests indicate moral beliefs as contributing significant increases in R2 to models predicting behavioural beliefs regarding antimicrobial use in each situation. In addition, subjective norms contribute a significant increase in R2 in m... Journal of Community journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2009669 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2009669