MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Counseling Psychology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:57 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586331&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FI_AXqqHk0f8%2F176 How are specific dimensions of masculinity related to psychological distress in specific groups of men? To address this question, the authors used latent class regression to assess the optimal number of latent classes that explained differential relationships between conformity to masculine norms and psychological distress in a racially diverse sample of 223 men. The authors identified a 2-class solution. Both latent classes demonstrated very different associations between conformity to masculine norms and psychological distress. In Class 1 (labeled risk avoiders ; n = 133), conformity to the masculine norm of risk-taking was negatively related to psychological distress. In Class 2 (labeled detached risk-takers ; n = 90), conformity to the masculine norms of playboy, self-reliance, and r... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586331 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5586331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586328&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FTvWAu8u7UbI%2F150 This study examined a threshold model that proposes that social support exhibits a curvilinear association with adjustment and distress, such that support in excess of a critical threshold level has decreasing incremental benefits. Women diagnosed with a first occurrence of breast cancer (N = 154) completed survey measures of perceived support (Social Provisions Scale), quality of life (Functional Living Index—Cancer), adjustment (Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale) and psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory) approximately 3 weeks after surgical treatment and 8–16 months later. Consistent with a threshold model, multiple regression analyses suggested a significant curvilinear relationship between social support and distress at Time 1 and Time 2 and between social suppor... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586328 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5586328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586326&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F3aS6OkmV3PA%2F120 This mixed methods study examined social justice commitments of counseling psychology graduate trainees. In the quantitative portion of the study, a national sample of trainees (n = 260) completed a web-based survey assessing their commitments to social justice and related personal and training variables. Results suggested that students desired greater social justice training than what they experienced in their programs. In the qualitative portion, we used a phenomenological approach to expand and elaborate upon quantitative results. A subsample (n = 7) of trainees who identified as strong social justice activists were interviewed regarding their personal, professional, and training experiences. Eleven themes related to participants' meanings of and experiences with social justice emerged ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586326 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5586326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586325&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fyx_P_BjZKc8%2F107 The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Concerns about Counseling Racial Minority Clients (CCRMC) scale among counselor trainees. Sample 1 was used for an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors were identified, Managing Cultural Differences (α = .82), Offending or Hurting Clients (α = .87), Biased Thoughts and Behaviors (α = .81), and Client Perceptions (α = .77). The coefficient alpha for the CCRMC was .90. The results support the validity of the scale. The scores on the CCRMC and its subscales have positive associations with fear of negative evaluation from others (r = .19 to .40) and negative associations with general counseling self-efficacy (r = −.30 to −.46) and multicultural intervention self-efficacy (r = −.30 to −.6... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586325 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5586325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586320&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FcVN3GNNR1XE%2F50 The current study examined the relation between perceiving a calling, living a calling, and job satisfaction among a diverse group of employed adults who completed an online survey (N = 201). Perceiving a calling and living a calling were positively correlated with career commitment, work meaning, and job satisfaction. Living a calling moderated the relations of perceiving a calling with career commitment and work meaning, such that these relations were more robust for those with a stronger sense they were living their calling. Additionally, a moderated, multiple mediator model was run to examine the mediating role of career commitment and work meaning in the relation of perceiving a calling and job satisfaction, while accounting for the moderating role of living a calling. Results indicat... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586320 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5586320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586318&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fy-u9iv09EdM%2F27 C. E. Hill (2004) recently developed the concept of therapist immediacy to capture discussion by the therapist about the therapeutic relationship that occurs in the here-and-now of a therapy session. This concept has been expanded to include discussion about the therapeutic relationship by both the client and therapist, captured by the term therapeutic immediacy (K. Kuutmann & M. Hilsenroth, 2011). Although prior research has examined the use of therapeutic immediacy across short-term treatment, the present study is the first to examine the use of immediacy across a long-term (4 years) psychotherapy. Also, this is the first study to assess the interrater reliability of therapeutic immediacy, which was found to achieve good to excellent levels across raters. The most frequently used categor... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586318 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5586318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586315&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F2bIAj1ohtJY%2F1 The literature indicates that perceived racism tends to be associated with adverse psychological and physiological outcomes; however, findings in this area are not yet conclusive. In this meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed 66 studies (total sample size of 18,140 across studies), published between January 1996 and April 2011, on the associations between racism and mental health among Black Americans. Using a random-effects model, we found a positive association between perceived racism and psychological distress (r = .20). We found a moderation effect for psychological outcomes, with anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric symptoms having a significantly stronger association than quality of life indicators. We did not detect moderation effects for type of racism scale, measurement... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586315 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5586315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586327&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fmg9jeg5y-gs%2F134 This article reviews research on the DDI from the past decade that indicates that distress disclosure is associated with well-being, professional help-seeking attitudes and intentions, and success in brief psychotherapy. On the basis of the reviewed literature, the authors report a reliability generalization study of DDI scores that strongly supports the internal consistency and test–retest reliability of DDI scores, and they review criterion-related and construct validity evidence. Next, the authors present a new multitrait–multimethod validity study of the DDI. Participants (N = 153) and peer informants (N = 153)—one per participant—completed paper-and-pencil questionnaire packets. Convergent validity of self-reported DDI scores was supported by a strong association with self-rep... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586327 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586316&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FEzYqUxHB1mY%2F10 Prior meta-analyses have found a moderate but robust relationship between alliance and outcome across a broad spectrum of treatments, presenting concerns, contexts, and measurements. However, there continues to be a lively debate about the therapeutic role of the alliance, particularly in treatments that are tested using randomized clinical trial (RCT) designs. The purpose of this present study was to examine whether research design, type of treatment, or author's allegiance variables, alone or in combination, moderate the relationship between alliance and outcome. Multilevel longitudinal analysis was used to investigate the following moderators of the alliance–outcome correlation: (a) research design (RCT or other), (b) use of disorder-specific manuals, (c) specificity of outcomes, (d) ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586316 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586319&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FHq-PCAR7HQ8%2F41 The group's absence norm, a construct from the applied psychology literature, was used to examine session absences in personal growth groups. Rather than examining the absence norm statically, we modeled it dynamically as a time-varying covariate (Tasca et al., 2010). We also examined moderation by modeling the interaction of the absence norm and the group member's commitment to the group in predicting the group member's absence in the next group session. Session absences in 1,722 group sessions for 66 group members in 9 interpersonal growth groups were modeled using Kenny, Mannetti, Pierro, Livi, and Kashy's (2002) adaptation of the Actor–Partner Interdependence model. Specifically, a 3-level model (sessions within group members within groups) examined the relationship of the group's ab... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586319 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586324&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FZz8OTnTgG4M%2F97 Based on Berry's (1997) theoretical framework for acculturation, our goal in this study was to examine whether the use of a culturally relevant coping strategy (i.e., forbearance coping, a predictor) would be associated with a lower level of psychological distress (a psychological outcome), for whom (i.e., those with weaker vs. stronger identification with heritage culture, a moderator), and under what situations (i.e., lower vs. higher acculturative stress, a moderator). A total of 188 Chinese international students completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical regression indicated a significant 3-way interaction of forbearance coping, identification with heritage culture, and acculturative stress on psychological distress. For those with a weaker identification with their herit... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586324 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586323&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FpTJG1N-ZH9w%2F86 The present study proposed and tested a conceptual model of acculturation/enculturation and subjective well-being (SWB) by including social connectedness in mainstream society, social connectedness in the ethnic community, perceived discrimination, and expected social status as mediators. Survey data from 273 Asian American college students in the midwest were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that the effect of acculturation on SWB was mediated by social connectedness in mainstream and ethnic communities and expected social status, whereas the effect of enculturation on SWB was mediated by social connectedness in the ethnic community and expected social status. Contrary to the authors' hypothesis, perceived discrimination did not mediate the relation of acc... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586323 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317687&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FyNyNE9YS8xs%2F610 The present study tested whether the relationships among resilience, life satisfaction, and depression could be explained by positive views toward the self, the world, and the future (positive cognitive triad). Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were conducted based on 1,419 college students in Hong Kong. The model of positive cognitive triad as mediator between resilience and well-being fit the data (comparative fit index = .94, Tucker–Lewis index = .93, root-mean-square error of approximation = .08). Findings showed resilience to be significantly related to positive cognitions about the self, the world, and the future. Individuals who had higher level of resilience held significantly more positive cognitions and reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317687 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586321&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FNSa8tLMynRo%2F60 The present study explored whether 3 existing measures of workplace constructs germane to the experiences of sexual minority people could be modified to improve their applicability with transgender individuals. To this end, the Workplace Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire (WHEQ; C. R. Waldo, 1999); the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Climate Inventory (LGBTCI; B. J. Liddle, D. A. Luzzo, A. L. Hauenstein, & K. Schuck, 2004); and the Workplace Sexual Identity Management Measure (WSIMM; M. Z. Anderson, J. M. Croteau, Y. B. Chung, & T. M. DiStefano, 2001) were modified to explicitly address the experiences of transgender individuals. Data from a sample of 263 transgender individuals were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the modified measures. Analyses of the struct... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586321 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317683&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fr9GVySYx6t4%2F537 Across several decades the effects of matching clients with therapists of the same race/ethnicity have been explored using a variety of approaches. We conducted a meta-analysis of 3 variables frequently used in research on racial/ethnic matching: individuals' preferences for a therapist of their own race/ethnicity, clients' perceptions of therapists across racial/ethnic match, and therapeutic outcomes across racial/ethnic match. Across 52 studies of preferences, the average effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.63, indicating a moderately strong preference for a therapist of one's own race/ethnicity. Across 81 studies of individuals' perceptions of therapists, the average effect size was 0.32, indicating a tendency to perceive therapists of one's own race/ethnicity somewhat more positively than ot... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317683 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317682&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FDe6FvAg-X2c%2F522 In this study, 11 first-generation Latino immigrants (8 men, 3 women) living in the Midwest were interviewed about their work experiences. Interview data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research methods (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997). Five domains associated with the data included work for survival and power, work for social connections, work as self-determination, work barriers in the Midwest, and access to work in the Midwest. We identify ways in which vocational psychologists can intervene to work effectively with Latino newcomers seeking employment in the United States and to support their transition into new settlement communities. Suggestions for future research with immigrant workers are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317682 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317678&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FEL2CZukz55w%2F470 Racial microaggressions are subtle statements and behaviors that unconsciously communicate denigrating messages to people of color. In recent years, a theoretical taxonomy and subsequent qualitative studies have introduced the types of microaggressions that people of color experience. In the present study, college- and Internet-based samples of African Americans, Latina/os, Asian Americans, and multiracial participants (N = 661) were used to develop and validate the Racial and Ethnic Microaggression Scale (REMS). In Study 1, an exploratory principal-components analyses (n = 443) yielded a 6-factor model: (a) Assumptions of Inferiority, (b) Second-Class Citizen and Assumptions of Criminality, (c) Microinvalidations, (d) Exoticization/Assumptions of Similarity, (e) Environmental Microaggress... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317678 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317686&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FpJNQf9vJtZI%2F597 Many adolescents experience peer victimization, which often can be homophobic. Applying the minority stress model with attention to intersecting social identities, this study tested the effects of general and homophobic victimization on several educational outcomes through suicidality and school belonging among 15,923 adolescents in Grades 7 through 12 on account of their sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Parent support also was tested as a moderator of these effects. Homophobic victimization had different effects on suicidality across groups, indicating the importance of considering individuals' multiple social identities. However, homophobic victimization had universal negative effects on school belonging for all groups. Nearly all indirect effects of general and homophobic victimiz... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317686 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317681&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FNKNC7SsND2M%2F508 We examined how White students' affective costs of racism (i.e., White empathy, guilt, and fear) changed across the college experience and how gender, colorblind racial ideology, and diversity experiences were associated with those costs. Findings indicated that White empathy, guilt, and fear each had a distinct trajectory of change across the college experience. Moreover, patterns of change for each cost were moderated by colorblind racial attitude scores at college entrance. We also found that participation in college diversity experiences (e.g., diversity courses) was associated with the costs; moreover, different types of diversity experiences were linked to particular costs. These findings provide insight into the affective experiences of White students across college and thus may be ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317681 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317689&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FvsS8SR8uz-I%2F630 This study reformulates and tests the PMOBE, with a focus on addressing limitations observed in the perfectionism and binge-eating literature. In the reformulated PMOBE, concern over mistakes is seen as a destructive aspect of perfectionism contributing to a cycle of binge eating via 4 binge-eating maintenance variables: interpersonal discrepancies, low interpersonal esteem, depressive affect, and dietary restraint. This test of the reformulated PMOBE involved 200 undergraduate women studied using a 3-wave longitudinal design. As hypothesized, concern over mistakes appears to represent a vulnerability factor for binge eating. Bootstrapped tests of mediation suggested concern over mistakes contributes to binge eating through binge-eating maintenance variables, and results supported the incr... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317689 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317688&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FPlnXBeSJd10%2F618 There are obvious similarities between the cognitive constructs of A. T. Beck's (1976) cognitive theory and the response style theory (S. Nolen-Hoeksema & J. Morrow, 1991). Different propositions of J. A. Ciesla and J. E. Roberts (2007) and S. Lyubomirsky and S. Nolen-Hoeksema (1993, 1995) concerning associations of 2 response styles, brooding and reflection, with constructs of Beck's cognitive theory (schemata, cognitive errors, cognitive triad, automatic thoughts) were tested. Model comparisons were based on a 4-week study in which 397 participants completed self-report instruments at 2 time points. A model allowing schemata to influence brooding and reflection that influence the other cognitive variables of Beck's cognitive theory fits the data better than the other integrated models. H... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317688 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317677&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fs1j2Qx8XN0o%2F457 Discussion focuses on the potential implications of the IMABI for understanding the daily experiences and psychological adjustment of Black individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology) Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317677 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317685&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FNcGNVyPBojg%2F565 We report findings from a meta-analysis of 156 studies conducted between 1987 and 2009 (N = 32,969) that examined the relationship between self-reported parental attachment and multiple adjustment outcomes and developmental advances during the college years. Overall, a small-to-medium relationship was found between indicators of parental attachment quality and favorable adjustment outcomes (r = .23). Effect sizes were of similar magnitude for mother and father attachment relationships, for male and female students, and across ethnicity and nationality of the sample. The attachment–adjustment relationship varied somewhat according to the developmental task being investigated in the study, showing the strongest association for the task of separation–individuation. Additionally, we found ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317685 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317680&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fbzc83UsbjY8%2F494 This article describes 2 studies focused on the development and psychometric properties of the Multiracial Challenges and Resilience Scale (MCRS). The MCRS was developed using a nationwide Internet sample of urban, multiracial adults. Exploratory factor analyses revealed 4 Challenge factors (Others' Surprise and Disbelief Regarding Racial Heritage, Lack of Family Acceptance, Multiracial Discrimination, and Challenges With Racial Identity) and 2 Resilience factors (Appreciation of Human Differences and Multiracial Pride). A confirmatory factor analysis with data from a second sample provided support for the stability of this factor structure. The reliability and validity of the measure, implications of these findings, and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Rec... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317680 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586322&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F3KXKa0rbnmw%2F71 Little research has examined the perspectives of young adults with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) parents, particularly in relation to their identification with the LGBTQ community. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative study of 42 young adults (ages 18–29) who were raised by LGBQ parents. We found that participants often described their sense of belonging to the LGBTQ community as shifting over the life course. Some participants, particularly those whose parents had always been out, felt connected to the LGBTQ community as children. Of these, most maintained those connections over time. However, some increasingly deidentified with the LGBTQ community, which they sometimes attributed to their own heterosexual identification. Others, particularly those wh... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586322 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317684&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FRAQPQZmYN2s%2F555 This article outlines a program based on behavioral activation that can be integrated into college orientation programs to provide a more comprehensive orientation experience. Data are presented from an initial pilot study in which 71 first-semester freshman at the University of Maryland participated in a 15-week, 2 hr per week orientation class (n = 37 in the behavioral activation-enhanced orientation classes and n = 34 in the control orientation as usual classes). Students' depression and alcohol use were evaluated at the beginning, middle, and end of the course. Results indicated a Time × Group interaction such that problem drinking (but not consumption) was significantly reduced across assessments in the behavioral activation classes and largely unchanged in the standard classes. No d... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317684 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586330&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FcDtUBbJNFKI%2F168 Predictions of family therapy outcome consistently vary depending on which client rates the alliance. We used the actor–partner interdependence model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) to test the interdependence of parents' and adolescents' ratings of alliance, session depth/value, and improvement-so-far after Sessions 3, 6, and 9. Initial analyses found trivial between-therapists variance; therefore, a 3-level hierarchical model partitioned the variance in these variables into between families, between family members, and between session components. For alliance and session depth, results showed a significant parent actor effect and a significant adolescent partner effect. Specifically, when parents saw a stronger alliance, they also saw the session as more valuable, but when adolescents saw... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586330 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317679&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F4FwoOiPC_RY%2F481 This article describes the development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale (IROS) for Black individuals in 2 studies using a total sample of 468 Black college students. The IROS is intended to measure the degree to which racial oppression is internalized and replicated by Black individuals in the United States. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a five-factor solution: Belief in the Biased Representation of History (BRH), Devaluation of the African Worldview and Motifs (DAW), Alteration of Physical Appearance (APA), Internalization of Negative Stereotypes (INS), and Hair Change (HC). Confirmatory factory analysis supported an adequate model fit of a four-factor model: BRH, APA, INS, and HC. All factors of the IROS were positively correlated with the Pre-Encount... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317679 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013139&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FgNBQBLNLyUQ%2F424 We examined a longstanding assumption in vocational psychology that people–things and data–ideas are bipolar dimensions. Two minimal criteria for bipolarity were proposed and examined across 3 studies: (a) The correlation between opposite interest types should be negative; (b) after correcting for systematic responding, the correlation should be greater than −.40. In Study 1, a meta-analysis using 26 interest inventories with a sample size of 1,008,253 participants showed that meta-analytic correlations between opposite RIASEC (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional) types ranged from −.03 to .18 (corrected meta-analytic correlations ranged from −.23 to −.06). In Study 2, structural equation models (SEMs) were fit to the Interest Finder (IF; Wall... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013139 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013135&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FN0E6bvYBS-w%2F368 The role of conformity to dominant U.S. masculine norms as an antecedent to help-seeking attitudes in men has been established using convenience samples made up largely of college-age and European American males. However, the role of conformity to masculine norms on help-seeking attitudes for noncollege-age men or for men from diverse backgrounds is not well understood. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study examined the cross-cultural relevance of a mediational model of the relationships between conformity to dominant U.S. masculine norms and attitudes toward counseling through the mediator of self-stigma of seeking counseling for 4,773 men from both majority and nonmajority populations (race/ethnicity and sexual orientation). Structural equation modeling results showed tha... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013135 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586329&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FPnEpyLmuhiU%2F161 This study examined whether clients' ratings of the working alliance as well as their perception of cognitive-behavioral (CB) and psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) techniques (delivered by therapists who used both) were associated with clients' intersession processes (i.e., their thoughts about therapy and therapeutic activity between sessions). Seventy-five clients who were currently in therapy at a large university counseling center participated in the current study. Multilevel regression analyses demonstrated that alliance and clients' perceptions of their therapists' use of PI techniques were positively associated with clients' general thoughts about therapy between sessions. Also, stronger alliances were associated with more therapeutic activities between sessions and more positive (an... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586329 Mon, 23 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586317&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FXIjLRQoYKiw%2F18 The patterns of growth and development of the therapeutic alliance over the course of therapy have been of continued interest to psychotherapy researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a simple institutional metacommunication intervention with clients had an effect on the development of the alliance. This adjunctive instruction involved inviting therapy clients to take a proactive role in their treatment by encouraging feedback to their therapist about various aspects of the therapy process. In this randomized controlled study (N = 94), clients were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions: (a) an institutional adjunctive instruction condition in which patients were contacted by clinic personnel at the beginning of the remediation phase (Session 5) and encouraged to take a p... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586317 Mon, 23 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5586317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013136&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FIVDHCAJPQDc%2F383 This study tested tenets of objectification theory and explored the role of the hijab in body image and eating disorder symptoms with a sample of 118 Muslim women in the United States. Results from a path analysis indicated that individual differences in wearing the hijab were related negatively with reported sexual objectification experiences. Sexual objectification experiences, in turn, had significant positive indirect relations with body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms, primarily through the mediating role of internalization. Internalization of cultural standards of beauty also had a significant positive direct relation with body shame and significant positive direct and indirect relations with eating disorder symptoms. By contrast, the direct and indirect relati... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013136 Sun, 22 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013130&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FkDoBLMqJ5bk%2F310 This article discusses exploratory studies on college students' perception of the counseling office environment and whether the likely client experience was associated with the softness/personalization and order of the office. As stimuli, the studies used 30 color photographs of psychotherapists' offices viewed from the client's perspective. After obtaining ratings of the characteristics of each office, we obtained ratings from different groups of students of the quality of care and comfort expected in each office (Study 1) and how qualified, bold, and friendly the therapist in the office would be (Study 2). Additional studies examined the likelihood of choosing a therapist based on the office, and the first thought or feeling that came to mind about the office, the therapist, and the pati... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013130 Sun, 22 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013127&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FhgJhEzO3WtU%2F279 Psychotherapy is a culturally encapsulated healing practice that is created from and dedicated to specific cultural contexts (Frank & Frank, 1993; Wampold, 2007; Wrenn, 1962). Consequently, conventional psychotherapy is a practice most suitable for dominant cultural groups within North America and Western Europe but may be culturally incongruent with the values and worldviews of ethnic and racial minority groups (e.g., D. W. Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). Culturally adapted psychotherapy has been reported in a previous meta-analysis as more effective for ethnic and racial minorities than a set of heterogeneous control conditions (Griner & Smith, 2006), but the relative efficacy of culturally adapted psychotherapy versus unadapted, bona fide psychotherapy remains unestablished. Furthermo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013127 Sun, 22 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013138&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fi0P1loLDDFM%2F410 This study examined the main and interactive relations of stressors and coping related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) with Chinese college students' psychological adjustment (psychological symptoms, perceived general health, and life satisfaction) during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. All the constructs were assessed by self-report in an anonymous survey during the final period of the outbreak. Results showed that the relations of stressors and coping to psychological adjustment varied by domain of adjustment. Regression analyses suggested that the number of stressors and use of avoidant coping strategies positively predicted psychological symptoms. Active coping positively predicted life satisfaction when controlling for stressors. Moreover, all types of coping served as a b... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013138 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013137&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F2lf5lNk9mtk%2F393 In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of 10 female Taiwanese childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors (age range = 20–39 years) to broaden our understanding of the post-abuse coping process in a Chinese sociocultural context. This investigation was grounded on a feminist paradigm, and the consensual qualitative research method (Hill et al., 2005; Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997) was utilized as the strategy of inquiry. The transactional and ecological model of coping that emerged from the data describes the dynamic interplay among (a) intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors and (b) the coping process and outcomes of CSA survivors. Implications for research on CSA recovery and culturally appropriate interventions in a collectivistic sociocultural context are di... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013137 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013133&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F0XxXD7kiReA%2F346 In the present study, we tested a theoretically and empirically derived partially indirect effects acculturation and enculturation model of Asian American college students' mental health and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Latent variable path analysis with 296 self-identified Asian American college students supported the partially indirect effects model and demonstrated the ways in which behavioral acculturation, behavioral enculturation, values acculturation, values enculturation, and acculturation gap family conflict related to mental health and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help directly and indirectly through acculturative stress. We also tested a generational status moderator hypothesis to determine whether differences in model-implied ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013133 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013132&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FnzqGQN8-AvE%2F335 Some studies on mental health outcomes research have found that when clients and therapists are ethnically or racially matched, this tends to be related to greater satisfaction and better outcomes. However, the precise underlying mechanism for the match effect has not been extensively examined. In this experimental study, we tested the effect of racial match on critical counseling processes (i.e., therapist credibility and the working alliance) using a sample of 171 Asian American respondents. We also examined Asian ethnic identification as a potential moderator of the racial match effect. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that racially matched individuals perceived greater experiential similarity with the therapist than nonmatched individuals, and experiential similarity was... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013132 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013131&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FI_AZPzUak9c%2F321 The present study used a person-centered latent variable approach to classify types of perfectionism among 6th-grade African American children living in an urban setting. In particular, the authors were interested in determining whether an adaptive subtype could be found and validated against external criteria. The authors also attempted to identify any developmental precursors that could reliably differentiate the perfectionist subtypes. A social learning and competence framework was used to select potential 1st-grade risk and protective factors for future perfectionism profiles. Four classes best described the children's perfectionism scores in 6th grade. Three of these classes resembled the profiles most commonly seen in prior perfectionism research (Non-Critical/Adaptive, Critical/Mala... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013131 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013129&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FLrfmqJPN8FM%2F299 A recurring question in multicultural counseling is whether client–counselor similarity on sociodemographic characteristics benefits counseling. A related issue is how counselor orientation to diversity relates to counseling process and outcome, both as a main effect and in interaction with counselor–client sociodemographic match. This cross-sectional study investigated these questions in relation to gay and bisexual male clients' counseling experiences by examining clients' perceived similarity to their counselor in sexual orientation, as well as counselors' self-reported orientation to diversity (assessed in terms of level of universal-diverse orientation [UDO]). Data were from 83 male–male client–counselor dyads recruited from lesbian/gay/bisexual-affirming counseling practices,... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013129 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013134&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FfHx9KRv3BIg%2F358 This study examined for the first time whether a 2-factor model of machismo previously validated with heterosexual, Mexican American men generalized to a sample of 152 gay men of similar ethnic background. Relations between machismo, sexual risk, and internalized homophobia were also explored. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 2-factor model with the current sample. Results also indicated machismo as predicting internalized homophobia and as an index of risky sex. Limitations are presented and implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology) Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013134 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013128&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FVhBKYYCznA8%2F290 As a result of mental health disparities between White and racial/ethnic minority clients, researchers have argued that some therapists may be generally competent to provide effective services but lack cultural competence. This distinction assumes that client racial/ethnic background is a source of variability in therapist effectiveness. However, there have been no direct tests of the therapist as a source of health disparities. We provided an initial test of the distinction between general and cultural competence by examining client racial/ethnic background as a source of variability in therapist effectiveness. We analyzed cannabis use outcomes from a psychotherapy trial (N = 582) for adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence using Bayesian multilevel models for count outcomes. We first te... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013128 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013141&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FwFcBhmbaMJs%2F449 This study used Kenny, Kashy, and Cook's (2006) OWM method to examine the composition of the therapeutic alliance and to analyze the association between alliance and outcome in a sample of 398 adolescents treated for substance abuse by 14 therapists. Both the client and therapist alliance ratings yielded large relationship variances, with limited consensus among clients treated by the same therapist about the quality of the alliance. If a client reported an especially strong alliance with his or her therapist, the therapist was likely to also report an especially strong alliance with that client (dyadic reciprocity). The association between the components of the alliance and treatment outcome was complicated, with different levels of measurement and different components of the alliance (pe... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013141 Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013140&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FIbd-xubRJHU%2F441 In the present study, we used a top-down approach to examine perfectionism and loneliness as additive sociocognitive predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in a sample of 121 Latina college students. Consistent with expectations, we found perfectionism and loneliness to be associated with both depressive and anxious symptoms. In addition, results of conducting hierarchical regression analyses indicated that certain dimensions of perfectionism, especially doubts about actions, accounted for significant variance in both depressive and anxious symptoms. Moreover, the inclusion of loneliness as a predictor was found to predict additional unique variance in both depressive and anxious symptoms beyond what was accounted for by perfectionism. Implications of the present findings for future... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013140 Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689154&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F8DOBeD9ruxg%2F272 Research shows a strong link between adult attachment and mental and physical health, but little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships. The present study examined self-compassion and mattering, two constructs from positive psychology literature, as potential mediators. Using survey data from a sample of 208 college students, relationships among attachment, self-compassion, mattering, and functional health were explored. Correlational analyses indicated that attachment anxiety and avoidance were strongly related to the mental health component of functional health. Mediation analyses indicated that mattering and self-compassion mediated the relationships between attachment orientation (i.e., levels of avoidance and anxiety) and mental health. These findings suggest ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689154 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689153&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FUVwO7d_dSeI%2F257 Multilevel modeling (MLM) is rapidly becoming the standard method of analyzing nested data, for example, data from students within multiple schools, data on multiple clients seen by a smaller number of therapists, and even longitudinal data. Although MLM analyses are likely to increase in frequency in counseling psychology research, many readers of counseling psychology journals have had only limited exposure to MLM concepts. This paper provides an overview of MLM that blends mathematical concepts with examples drawn from counseling psychology. This tutorial is intended to be a first step in learning about MLM; readers are referred to other sources for more advanced explorations of MLM. In addition to being a tutorial for understanding and perhaps even conducting MLM analyses, this paper r... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689153 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689149&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F4656e7v888s%2F210 This study used qualitative methodology to explore the phenomenon of sexual orientation microaggressions with 16 self-identified LGBQ psychotherapy clients. Results of this study support the existence of sexual orientation microaggressions within the therapeutic environment and provide a descriptive account of 7 sexual orientation microaggression themes, channels of microaggression communication, and the impact microaggressions have on therapy and clients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology) Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689149 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689148&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FdTzFVDbKScY%2F197 The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore the phenomenon of suicide ideation among 293 Asian American college students. Guided by T. Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior, the authors examined the relationships among perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, self-construals, and suicide ideation. Compared with thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness was a more robust predictor of suicide ideation. However, thwarted belongingness moderated the positive association between perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation. Furthermore, interdependent self-construal and independent self-construal both weakened the link between perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation and between thwarted belongingness and suicide ideation. The a... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689148 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689145&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FBouLRmIb4qw%2F159 Scholars within the field of counseling psychology have for some time now articulated eloquent and compelling calls for attending to social justice in the social sciences. To date, counseling psychologists have been at the forefront of addressing social justice issues in research, practice, and professional development. The present study advances empirical perspectives on social justice by testing the external validity of M. J. Miller et al.'s (2009) social-cognitive model of social justice interest and commitment in a sample of 229 doctoral trainees in counseling psychology. Present findings support the ability of the model to explain, in part, counseling psychology trainees' social justice interest and commitment. In addition, the present study provides novel findings that demonstrate th... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689145 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4689145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689150&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FBlps5ka8JcU%2F222 Minority stress is often cited as an explanation for greater mental health problems among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals than heterosexual individuals. However, studies focusing on sex or sexual orientation differences in level of minority stress and its impact on mental health are scarce, even more so outside the United States. Performing secondary analyses on the data of a Dutch population study on sexual health, the present study examines the robustness of the minority stress model by explaining mental health problems among men and women with mostly or only same-sex sexual attraction, and men and women who are equally attracted to same-sex and opposite-sex partners in the “gay-friendly” Netherlands (N = 389; 118 gay men, 40 bisexual men, 184 lesbian women, and 54 bisex... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689150 Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4689150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689151&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fl2agVBGkXFs%2F234 Two studies were conducted to investigate a revised and extended version of the Lesbian and Gay Identity Scale (Mohr & Fassinger, 2000): the 27-item Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). This revision features more inclusive and less stigmatizing language than the previous version and includes 2 new subscales assessing identity affirmation and centrality. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (n = 297) and a confirmatory factor analysis (n = 357) supported an 8-factor solution assessing acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Predicted associations with measures of identity-related constructs and psy... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689151 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4689151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689146&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FCsERcp942_M%2F170 One of the major obstacles to seeking psychological help is the stigma associated with counseling and therapy. Self-stigma, the fear of losing self-respect or self-esteem as a result of seeking help, is an important factor in the help-seeking process. In the present study, college students meeting a clinical cutoff for psychological symptoms participated in 1 session of group counseling that either contained therapist self-disclosure or did not. In general, participants reported significantly less self-stigma following the session. Working alliance–bond and session depth significantly predicted the change in self-stigma. Furthermore, self-stigma (as well as bond, depth, psychological symptoms, and being female) predicted the intention to seek help following the session. Self-stigma and s... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689146 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4689146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374616&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FBRWlce59ggg%2F110 The acceptance model of intuitive eating (Avalos & Tylka, 2006) posits that body acceptance by others helps women appreciate their body and resist adopting an observer's perspective of their body, which contribute to their eating intuitively/adaptively. We extended this model by integrating body mass index (BMI) into its structure and investigating it with emerging (ages 18–25 years old, n = 318), early (ages 26–39 years old, n = 238), and middle (ages 40–65 years old, n = 245) adult women. Multiple-group analysis revealed that this model fit the data for all age groups. Body appreciation and resistance to adopt an observer's perspective mediated the body acceptance by others–intuitive eating link. Body acceptance by others mediated the social support–body appreciation and BMI–... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374616 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4374616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374608&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FfZneUETTawE%2F16 J. Owen, M. M. Leach, B. Wampold, and E. Rodolfa (see record 2010-24976-001) tested the hypotheses that (a) some therapists express more multicultural competencies (MCCs) more than other therapists and (b) clients' perceptions of their therapists' MCCs are a function of specific client or therapeutic factors. In the present analysis, the authors critiqued 3 major components of the study: conceptual and methodological underpinnings, interpretation of research findings, and implications for future research. Although the authors agree with the importance of this line of research, the authors also believe that some of the researchers' underlying assumptions are worthy of examination; alternate interpretations of the findings are possible, and several recommendations for future research are imp... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374608 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4374608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374618&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F4xZR3s84_jA%2F139 This is the first study to examine change in depression and anxiety across the first year of adoptive parenthood in same-sex couples (90 couples: 52 lesbian, 38 gay male). Given that sexual minorities uniquely contend with sexual orientation-related stigma, this study examined how both internalized and enacted forms of stigma affect the mental health of lesbians and gay men during the transition to parenthood. In addition, the role of contextual support was examined. Higher perceived workplace support, family support, and relationship quality were related to lower depressive and anxious symptoms at the time of the adoption, and higher perceived friend support was related to lower anxiety symptoms. Lower internalized homophobia and higher perceived neighborhood gay-friendliness were related... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374618 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374613&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FoAIxqXQjv4Y%2F72 Increasing trainees' multicultural counseling competence (MCC) has been a hot topic in counseling. Scholars have identified predictors (e.g., race/ethnicity, color-blindness) of MCC, and educators provide multicultural training for trainees. Using a sample of 370 psychology trainees, this study examined whether multicultural training (a) moderated racial/ethnic differences on MCC and (b) changed the relationship between color-blindness and MCC. Results indicated a significant interaction effect of race/ethnicity (i.e., White vs. ethnic minority) and multicultural training on multicultural awareness, but not on multicultural knowledge. Specifically, at lower levels of training, racial/ethnic minority trainees had significantly higher multicultural awareness than their White counterparts; at... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374613 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374611&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FW2y30wFzXX0%2F42 This article summarizes research examining the relationship between the constructs of ethnic identity and personal well-being among people of color in North America. Data from 184 studies analyzed with random effects models yielded an omnibus effect size of r = .17, suggesting a modest relationship between the 2 constructs. The relationship was somewhat stronger among adolescents and young adults than among adults over age 40. No differences were observed across participant race, gender, or socioeconomic status, which findings support the general relevance of ethnic identity across people of color. Studies correlating ethnic identity with self-esteem and positive well-being yielded average effect sizes twice as large as those from studies correlating ethnic identity with personal distress ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374611 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374610&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FPxh-vUzJVCo%2F27 In the present study, we examined a bidimensional model of acculturation (which includes both heritage and U.S. practices, values, and identifications) in relation to hazardous alcohol use, illicit drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and impaired driving. A sample of 3,251 first- and second-generation immigrant students from 30 U.S. colleges and universities completed measures of behavioral acculturation; cultural values (individualism, collectivism, and self-construal); ethnic and U.S. identity; and patterns of alcohol and drug use, engagement in potentially unsafe sexual activities, and driving while (or riding with a driver who was) intoxicated. Results indicate that heritage practices and collectivist values were generally protective against health risk behaviors, with collectivist value... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374610 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374609&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FQUrAv3knM0Y%2F22 In this rejoinder, the authors address several issues raised by R. L. Worthington and F. R. Dillon (see record 2010-26150-001) and C. R. Ridley and M. Shaw-Ridley (see record 2011-00622-001) regarding (a) the measurement of multicultural competencies (MCCs), (b) sampling considerations in multicultural research, and (c) the conceptual frame of multicultural psychotherapy research. The authors challenge the wisdom of exploring MCCs in psychotherapy research and provide a different framework to understand therapists' multicultural effectiveness with clients based on their cultural race/ethnicity. Additionally, the concept of therapists' multicultural orientation or approach is introduced to illuminate the process of aligning with clients about salient cultural issues in psychotherapy. (PsycI... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374609 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374607&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FvlAfMGqnuog%2F10 The present article offers a commentary and critique of the research presented by J. Owen, M. M. Leach, B. Wampold and E. Rodolfa (see record 2010-24976-001). Given the complexity of the research methodology, findings, and conclusions, the authors provide a concise summary of findings, study limitations, and conclusions followed by a detailed critique of the study. The authors respect and appreciate the ambitious efforts made by Owen et al. to address gaps in the literature regarding outcome research using client ratings of counselors' multicultural counseling competencies (MCCs). The authors provide a critical analysis of some of J. Owen et al.'s specific conclusions and offer alternative conclusions based on conceptual and methodological bases. The authors use the opportunity to comment ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374607 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689152&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F130LrC56cQM%2F246 Men's body image problems may manifest as an unhealthy drive for muscularity and propensity to use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). Aspects of objectification theory were integrated with literature on men's drive for muscularity and AAS use to identify correlates of these problems. The resultant model was tested with path analyses of data from 270 college men. First, consistent with prior research on objectification theory, results indicated that body surveillance partially mediated the link of internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness with body shame. Second, positive outcome expectation for AAS use partially mediated the link of drive for muscularity with intention to use AAS. Third, drive for muscularity partially mediated the links of internalization with outcome expec... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689152 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4689152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4689147&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Ft3IB4td1KMM%2F183 This study examined parenting efficacy beliefs as a mediator of the association between acculturation and adjustment. The sample consisted of 177 immigrant Chinese mothers and fathers with early adolescent children in Canada. Acculturation was assessed bidimensionally as Canadian and Chinese orientations. A latent psychological adjustment variable was composed of symptoms of depression, feelings of self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results showed that relations between Canadian orientation and psychological adjustment were partially mediated by parenting efficacy. As expected, the more parents were oriented toward Canadian culture, the more efficacious they felt in their parenting, which in turn was associated with better psychological adjustment. In contrast, mediation of relations betw... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4689147 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4689147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374619&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F4YIj988d9Fw%2F151 The authors investigated the effects of a brief video intervention on the racial attitudes of White university students. One hundred thirty-eight self-identified White students were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition in which they viewed a video documenting the pervasiveness of institutional racism and White privilege in the United States or a neutral control condition. Findings offer preliminary support that participants in the experimental, but not the control, condition showed significant increases in racial awareness (i.e., decrease in racial color-blindness), White empathy, and White guilt, at posttest. However, no significant differences in racial prejudice or White fear of racial minorities were observed at posttest. Implications for multicultural counseling train... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374619 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374617&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FfuTAnGNwfE8%2F126 In an effort to improve understanding of the mechanisms that link early maltreatment to later outcomes, this study investigated the mediation effects of adult attachment processes on the association between childhood emotional abuse and later romantic relationships among heterosexual couples. College students and their dating partners (N = 310; 155 couples) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006), multilevel modeling results indicated that memories of childhood emotional abuse reported by both students and their partners were significantly associated with attachment strategies, as well as romantic relationship quality. Findings supported h... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374617 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374614&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FrjjdILKlKbQ%2F83 The authors conducted a 22-year (1988–2009) content analysis of quantitative empirical research that included acculturation and/or enculturation as a study variable(s). A total of 138 studies in 134 articles were systematically evaluated from 5 major American Psychological Association and American Counseling Association journals in counseling and counseling psychology, including Journal of Counseling Psychology, The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Counseling and Development, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, and Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. To guide the analysis, the authors conceptualized acculturation/enculturation as a “bilinear” (i.e., developing cultural orientations to both majority and ethnic cultures) and “multidimensional” (i.... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374614 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374615&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FkDc_68B6NDk%2F97 This article reviews existing instruments and presents 4 studies that describe the development and psychometric properties of a new instrument, the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 (CCAPS-62). Study 1 describes the initial item development, factor analysis, and preliminary scale development steps. Study 2 describes the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using data from more than 22,000 clients pooled via a national practice-research network of counseling centers. Studies 3 and 4 provide preliminary evidence of subscales' convergent validity and retest reliability. Results from these 4 studies provide support for the instrument's factor structure, construct validity, and subscale reliabilities for both the total sample and subgroups. Clinical an... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374615 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374606&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FVwwY1tv1mmo%2F1 This study examined therapist differences in their clients' ratings of their therapists' multicultural competencies (MCCs) as well as tested whether therapists' who were rated as exhibiting more MCCs also had clients who had better therapy outcomes (N = 143 clients and 31 therapists). All clients completed at least 3 sessions. Results demonstrated that therapists accounted for less than 1% of the variance in their clients' Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory–Revised (CCCI-R; T. D. LaFromboise, H. L. K. Coleman, & A. Hernandez, 1991) scores, suggesting that therapists did not differ in terms of how clients rated their MCCs. Therapists accounted for approximately 8.5% of the variance in therapy outcomes. For each therapist, their clients' CCCI-R scores were aggregated to provide an estimat... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374606 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4374612&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FtKc8dlS97ws%2F61 In this study, we used Lent's (2004) social cognitive model of well being to examine the academic and life satisfaction of 457 Mexican American college students attending a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Using structural equation modeling, results indicated that the model provided a good fit to the data. Specifically, we found positive relations from positive affect to enculturation, acculturation, college self-efficacy, academic satisfaction, and life satisfaction; from enculturation to college self-efficacy; from acculturation to college self-efficacy and college outcome expectations; from college self-efficacy to college outcome expectations, academic goal progress, academic satisfaction, and life satisfaction; from college outcome expectations to academic satisfaction; from academic goa... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4374612 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4374612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147055&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FQ9WG131Vp6c%2F451 This research describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Anti-Bisexual Experiences Scale (ABES). Items were developed on the basis of prior literature, revised on the basis of expert feedback, and submitted to psychometric evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis of data from 350 bisexual participants yielded 3 factors of reported experiences of prejudicial treatment reflecting (a) Sexual Orientation Instability, (b) Sexual Irresponsibility, and (c) Interpersonal Hostility. This structure emerged with bisexual persons' reported experiences of prejudice from heterosexual people as well as from lesbian and gay people. Confirmatory factor analysis of data from a separate sample of 349 bisexual individuals supported the stability of this 3-factor structure. The data offered ev... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147055 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147051&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FXgMXyUMCTMQ%2F402 This study examined the utility of 2 emotion-focused interventions—relational reframes and empty-chair enactments—in terms of arousing primary sadness associated with loss and longing among individuals suffering from unresolved anger. Twenty-nine women reporting unresolved anger underwent a single, analogue emotion-focused therapy session comprised of empathy, relational reframe, and empty-chair interventions. The arousal of sadness was measured with voice signal, voice quality, and speech fluency measures. Results indicated that both relational reframe and empty-chair interventions led to increased arousal of sadness relative to baseline nonemotional speech. Empty-chair interventions also led to increases in fear/anxiety, presumably due to the potential for rejection or attack by the ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147051 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084056&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FooesgWyWFfQ%2F451 This research describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Anti-Bisexual Experiences Scale (ABES). Items were developed on the basis of prior literature, revised on the basis of expert feedback, and submitted to psychometric evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis of data from 350 bisexual participants yielded 3 factors of reported experiences of prejudicial treatment reflecting (a) Sexual Orientation Instability, (b) Sexual Irresponsibility, and (c) Interpersonal Hostility. This structure emerged with bisexual persons' reported experiences of prejudice from heterosexual people as well as from lesbian and gay people. Confirmatory factor analysis of data from a separate sample of 349 bisexual individuals supported the stability of this 3-factor structure. The data offered ev... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084056 Sun, 17 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084052&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FpV-QqgXHQLg%2F402 This study examined the utility of 2 emotion-focused interventions—relational reframes and empty-chair enactments—in terms of arousing primary sadness associated with loss and longing among individuals suffering from unresolved anger. Twenty-nine women reporting unresolved anger underwent a single, analogue emotion-focused therapy session comprised of empathy, relational reframe, and empty-chair interventions. The arousal of sadness was measured with voice signal, voice quality, and speech fluency measures. Results indicated that both relational reframe and empty-chair interventions led to increased arousal of sadness relative to baseline nonemotional speech. Empty-chair interventions also led to increases in fear/anxiety, presumably due to the potential for rejection or attack by the ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084052 Sun, 17 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147057&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FgF3AViWZK60%2F484 Previous research has established that Asian Americans use mental health services less frequently and hold poorer attitudes toward psychological counseling than Caucasians. The authors directly tested whether stigmatizing beliefs regarding mental illness might explain such differential attitudes toward counseling in a South Asian and Caucasian student sample. Using mediation analyses, the authors examined 2 aspects of stigma posited to affect help-seeking attitudes: personal stigmatizing views and perceptions of the public's stigmatizing views directed toward persons with mental illness. First, the authors found that Caucasian (n = 74) college students revealed more positive attitudes toward counseling than did South Asian (n = 54) students. Second, in terms of mediation, increased persona... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147057 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147056&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FxQH6s1d2kRE%2F469 This study was conducted to develop the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ESFA). Items were generated from a literature review, interviews with 5 Filipino American academic experts, and a survey of 24 cultural informants. Two community samples of Filipino Americans (Ns = 281 and 269) and 1 sample of non-Filipino Americans (N = 84) completed the ESFA. The Filipino American samples also completed existing enculturation/acculturation measures for Asian Americans and measures of subjective well-being. In factor analyses, 3 general enculturation dimensions—Connection With Homeland, Interpersonal Norms, and Conservatism—replicated well across samples. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the ESFA subscales were high, and construct validity was supported by the pattern of ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147056 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147054&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FPCdk1Vqq4Rw%2F439 This study investigated the association between perfectionism (categorized by adaptive perfectionistic, maladaptive perfectionistic, or nonperfectionistic groups), perceived stress, drinking alcohol to cope, and alcohol-related problems in a large sample of college students (N = 354). Maladaptive perfectionists reported significantly higher levels of stress and drinking to cope than adaptive perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists reported the fewest alcohol-related problems, suggesting that healthy levels of high standards may protect against drinking to cope with stress. Across all participants, a significant indirect effect for drinking to cope supported its role as a mediator between stress and alcohol-related problems. Structural equation modeling analyses suppor... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147054 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147053&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F51JZKjlQN-Y%2F423 This study proposes and supports the existential model of perfectionism and depressive symptoms (EMPDS), a conceptual model aimed at explaining why perfectionistic concerns confer risk for depressive symptoms. According to the EMPDS, perfectionistic concerns confer risk for depressive symptoms both through catastrophic interpretations that magnify relatively minor setbacks into seemingly major obstacles and through negative views of life experiences as unacceptable, dissatisfying, and meaningless. This investigation tests the EMPDS in a sample of 240 undergraduates studied using a 4-wave, 4-week longitudinal design. Hypotheses derived from the EMPDS were largely supported, with bootstrap tests of mediation suggesting that the indirect effect of perfectionistic concerns on depressive sympto... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147053 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147052&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Faht5ytjyNR4%2F411 Based on biculturalism theory (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993), the present study examined the direct effect of perceived bicultural competence (PBC) on depressive symptoms, and PBC as a potential coping resource to moderate the association between minority stress and depressive symptoms. Participants were 167 Asian American, African American, and Latino/a American students at a predominantly White Midwest university. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis suggested that (a) minority stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms after controlling for perceived general stress, (b) PBC was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after controlling for perceived general stress and minority stress, and (c) the interaction between minority stress and PBC was sig... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147052 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147050&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F2FLfDralT84%2F394 Asian Americans drop out of mental health treatment at a high rate. This problem could be addressed by enhancing therapists' multicultural competence and by examining clients' cultural attitudes that may affect the counseling process. In the present study, we used a video analogue design with a sample of 113 Asian American college students to examine these possibilities. The result from a t test showed that the session containing therapist multicultural competencies received higher ratings than the session without therapist multicultural competence. In addition, correlational analyses showed that participant values acculturation was positively associated with participant ratings of counseling process, while the value of emotional self-control was negatively correlated. The results of a hie... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147050 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147049&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FueI_gUvv_dg%2F377 This study explored the work experiences of individuals who have started transitioning from their biological sex to a different gender expression through 18 interviews of transgender-identified individuals. Thirteen of the participants identified as male-to-female transsexuals, 2 participants identified as female-to-male transsexuals, 2 participants identified as female-bodied gender queer individuals, and 1 participant identified as a biological male cross-dresser. Using a grounded theory (K. Charmaz, 2006) approach, 2 separate work experience models emerged: (a) the process of gender transitioning at work and (b) the career decision-making process. The 3 phases of the first model included a pretransition phase, during the transition phase, and posttransition phase. Within these 3 phases,... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147049 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084058&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FysCCBP1c1Xw%2F484 Previous research has established that Asian Americans use mental health services less frequently and hold poorer attitudes toward psychological counseling than Caucasians. The authors directly tested whether stigmatizing beliefs regarding mental illness might explain such differential attitudes toward counseling in a South Asian and Caucasian student sample. Using mediation analyses, the authors examined 2 aspects of stigma posited to affect help-seeking attitudes: personal stigmatizing views and perceptions of the public's stigmatizing views directed toward persons with mental illness. First, the authors found that Caucasian (n = 74) college students revealed more positive attitudes toward counseling than did South Asian (n = 54) students. Second, in terms of mediation, increased persona... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084058 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084057&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FUeNCzmHCHR0%2F469 This study was conducted to develop the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ESFA). Items were generated from a literature review, interviews with 5 Filipino American academic experts, and a survey of 24 cultural informants. Two community samples of Filipino Americans (Ns = 281 and 269) and 1 sample of non-Filipino Americans (N = 84) completed the ESFA. The Filipino American samples also completed existing enculturation/acculturation measures for Asian Americans and measures of subjective well-being. In factor analyses, 3 general enculturation dimensions—Connection With Homeland, Interpersonal Norms, and Conservatism—replicated well across samples. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the ESFA subscales were high, and construct validity was supported by the pattern of ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084057 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084055&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FywAXTOEo8Ns%2F439 This study investigated the association between perfectionism (categorized by adaptive perfectionistic, maladaptive perfectionistic, or nonperfectionistic groups), perceived stress, drinking alcohol to cope, and alcohol-related problems in a large sample of college students (N = 354). Maladaptive perfectionists reported significantly higher levels of stress and drinking to cope than adaptive perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists reported the fewest alcohol-related problems, suggesting that healthy levels of high standards may protect against drinking to cope with stress. Across all participants, a significant indirect effect for drinking to cope supported its role as a mediator between stress and alcohol-related problems. Structural equation modeling analyses suppor... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084055 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084054&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FqbiK2EyhX1Q%2F423 This study proposes and supports the existential model of perfectionism and depressive symptoms (EMPDS), a conceptual model aimed at explaining why perfectionistic concerns confer risk for depressive symptoms. According to the EMPDS, perfectionistic concerns confer risk for depressive symptoms both through catastrophic interpretations that magnify relatively minor setbacks into seemingly major obstacles and through negative views of life experiences as unacceptable, dissatisfying, and meaningless. This investigation tests the EMPDS in a sample of 240 undergraduates studied using a 4-wave, 4-week longitudinal design. Hypotheses derived from the EMPDS were largely supported, with bootstrap tests of mediation suggesting that the indirect effect of perfectionistic concerns on depressive sympto... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084054 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084053&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FjsqT4BTv5ao%2F411 Based on biculturalism theory (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993), the present study examined the direct effect of perceived bicultural competence (PBC) on depressive symptoms, and PBC as a potential coping resource to moderate the association between minority stress and depressive symptoms. Participants were 167 Asian American, African American, and Latino/a American students at a predominantly White Midwest university. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis suggested that (a) minority stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms after controlling for perceived general stress, (b) PBC was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after controlling for perceived general stress and minority stress, and (c) the interaction between minority stress and PBC was sig... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084053 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084051&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fi_e6HKIARFk%2F394 Asian Americans drop out of mental health treatment at a high rate. This problem could be addressed by enhancing therapists' multicultural competence and by examining clients' cultural attitudes that may affect the counseling process. In the present study, we used a video analogue design with a sample of 113 Asian American college students to examine these possibilities. The result from a t test showed that the session containing therapist multicultural competencies received higher ratings than the session without therapist multicultural competence. In addition, correlational analyses showed that participant values acculturation was positively associated with participant ratings of counseling process, while the value of emotional self-control was negatively correlated. The results of a hie... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084051 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4084050&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fao9KoaNfLiE%2F377 This study explored the work experiences of individuals who have started transitioning from their biological sex to a different gender expression through 18 interviews of transgender-identified individuals. Thirteen of the participants identified as male-to-female transsexuals, 2 participants identified as female-to-male transsexuals, 2 participants identified as female-bodied gender queer individuals, and 1 participant identified as a biological male cross-dresser. Using a grounded theory (K. Charmaz, 2006) approach, 2 separate work experience models emerged: (a) the process of gender transitioning at work and (b) the career decision-making process. The 3 phases of the first model included a pretransition phase, during the transition phase, and posttransition phase. Within these 3 phases,... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4084050 Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4084050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792831&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FVrPhZSxv2As%2F368 A content analysis of research published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) was conducted for Volumes 46 (1999) through 56 (2009). The analysis involved the placement of 514 articles in 15 substantive content categories. In addition, we identified the most frequently published authors, most frequent institutional affiliations, and several reported demographic characteristics. The principal areas of research activity in the JCP were multiculturalism and/or diversity, research on development and evaluation of tests and measures, personality and adjustment, outcome research, and interpersonal and/or social support and/or attachment, with these categories accounting for 57% of the articles published. Over 40% of the samples reported were college students, with a large number of samp... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792831 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792830&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FleS2hJyrJmA%2F361 An emic approach was used to test the structural validity and applicability of Holland's (1997) RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) model in Iceland. Archival data from the development of the Icelandic Interest Inventory (Einarsdóttir & Rounds, 2007) were used in the present investigation. The data included an indigenous pool of occupations and work-task items representing Iceland's world of work that had been administered to a sample of 597 upper secondary school students. Multidimensional scaling analysis and property vector fitting using Prediger's (1981) work-task dimensions were applied to the item responses to test if the RIASEC model could be identified. The results indicated that a 4-dimensional solution better explains the interest spac... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792830 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792829&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F58M28Qc9MBE%2F345 The authors conducted 3 studies to develop and investigate the psychometric properties of the American Jewish Identity Scales (AJIS), a brief self-report measure that assesses cultural identification and religious identification. Study 1 assessed the content validity of the item pool using an expert panel. In Study 2, 1,884 Jewish adults completed the initial AJIS and various measures of ethnic identity, collective self-esteem, and religiosity. Using confirmatory factor analyses, the authors selected and cross-validated 33 items that loaded highly and differentially on the 2 theorized latent factors. Study 3 assessed the AJIS's short-term stability and its relation to social desirability. Tests of reliability and construct validity provided initial psychometric support for the measure and ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792829 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792828&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FR1_KqJiAvEo%2F328 Four studies were conducted to develop and validate the Coping With Discrimination Scale (CDS). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (N = 328) identified 5 factors: Education/Advocacy, Internalization, Drug and Alcohol Use, Resistance, and Detachment, with internal consistency reliability estimates ranging from .72 to .90. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 328) provided cross-validation of the 5-factor model as well as evidence for validity of the scale. The validity evidence was similar across racial groups and for males and females. In Study 3, the estimated 2-week test–retest reliabilities (N = 53) were between .48 and .85 for the 5 factors. Education/Advocacy, Internalization, Drug and Alcohol Use, and Detachment were positively associated with active coping, self... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792828 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792827&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FBl81hEUIF1E%2F317 We used actor–partner interdependence modeling to explore associations among attachment-related dyadic processes, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in war veterans, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in their wives. A sample of 157 Israeli couples (85 former prisoners of war and their wives and a comparison group of 72 veterans not held captive and their wives) completed self-report scales assessing attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) and PTSD symptoms. For both groups of veterans and their wives, attachment anxiety was associated with the severity of their own and their spouses' PTSD and STS. Avoidant attachment was associated with PTSD and STS only in couples that included a former prisoner of war. A complex pattern of associations involving avoidant attachment was observ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792827 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792826&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FjoDMDTeqUVM%2F304 This set of studies was designed to examine the relational underpinnings of child abuse potential in a sample of 51 urban families. In Study 1, lower maternal differentiation of self—most notably, greater emotional reactivity and greater emotional cutoff—along with self-attacking introjects distinguished mothers at higher risk (vs. lower risk) for child maltreatment. In Study 2, patterns of interactive rupture and repair were examined in a subsample of 15 families and found to vary as a function of risk for child maltreatment. Specifically, Structural Analysis of Social Behavior coding (SASB; Benjamin, 1996, 2003) of mother–children interactions during 2 moderately stressful lab tasks revealed higher rates of interactive mismatch and mother-initiated ruptures and fewer successful rep... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792826 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792825&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FdKuua0uVJ0o%2F297 The main purpose of this study was to investigate how receiving personal counseling at a university counseling center helps students deal with their personal problems and facilitates academic functioning. To that end, this study used both clinical and academic outcome measures that are relevant to the practice of counseling provided at a counseling center and its unique function in an institution of higher education. In addition, this study used the clinical significance methodology (N. S. Jacobson & P. Truax, 1991) that takes into account clients' differences in making clinically reliable and significant change. Pre-intake and post-termination surveys, including the Outcome Questionnaire (M. J. Lambert, K. Lunnen, V. Umphress, N. Hansen, & G. Burlingame, 1994), were completed by 78 client... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792825 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792824&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fmblfn3QqJYE%2F290 To better understand the impact of psychotherapy on youth academic performance, the authors located and examined 83 studies of youth psychotherapy that contained 102 treatment comparisons. Results revealed a d = 0.46 overall effect size, with a d = 0.50 effect size for mental health outcomes, and a d = 0.38 effect size for academically related outcomes. Academically related outcomes were further categorized into teacher-rated classroom behavior (d = 0.26), academic achievement (d = 0.36), environmentally related outcomes (d = 0.26), and self-reported academically related outcomes (d = 0.59). Each of these effect sizes differed significantly from zero, and the 4 academically related categories were homogeneous. Participant racial and ethnic diversity and age were explored as moderators. The... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792824 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792823&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fm7pfgIfn8Ic%2F274 Counselors, psychologists, and evaluators of intervention programs for youth increasingly view the promotion of connectedness as an important intervention outcome. When evaluating these programs, researchers frequently test whether the treatment effects differ across gender and ethnic or racial groups. Doing so necessitates the availability of culturally and gender-invariant measures. We used the Hemingway: Measure of Adolescent Connectedness to estimate the factor structure invariance and equality of means across gender and 3 racial/ethnic groups with a large sample of middle school adolescents. From a practical perspective, the 10-scale model suggested factor structure invariance across gender and racial or ethnic (i.e., African American, Caucasian, and Latina/o) groups of adolescents. H... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792823 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792822&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FHy-Fnu0TSjg%2F264 Utilizing the concept of race-based traumatic stress, this study tested whether posttraumatic stress symptoms explain the process by which perceived discrimination is related to health risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents. One hundred ten participants were recruited from a large health maintenance organization in Northern California. Mediational analyses indicated that adolescents who perceived more discrimination reported worse posttraumatic stress symptoms, controlling for covariates. In turn, adolescents who experienced heightened posttraumatic stress symptoms reported more alcohol use, more other drug use, involvement in more fights, and more sexual partners. Perceived discrimination was also directly related to involvement in more fights. Results provide support for the n... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792822 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792821&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FwiTw91VHrO8%2F255 In this study, we examined the association among perceptions of racial and/or ethnic discrimination, racial climate, and trauma-related symptoms among 289 racially diverse college undergraduates. Study measures included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist—Civilian Version, and the Racial Climate Scale. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that Asian and Black students reported more frequent experiences of discrimination than did White students. Additionally, the MANOVA indicated that Black students perceived the campus racial climate as being more negative than did White and Asian students. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that when controlling for generic life str... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792821 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789073&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FuuF2axbUISI%2F368 A content analysis of research published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) was conducted for Volumes 46 (1999) through 56 (2009). The analysis involved the placement of 514 articles in 15 substantive content categories. In addition, we identified the most frequently published authors, most frequent institutional affiliations, and several reported demographic characteristics. The principal areas of research activity in the JCP were multiculturalism and/or diversity, research on development and evaluation of tests and measures, personality and adjustment, outcome research, and interpersonal and/or social support and/or attachment, with these categories accounting for 57% of the articles published. Over 40% of the samples reported were college students, with a large number of samp... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789073 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789072&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FklmteI-h5e8%2F361 An emic approach was used to test the structural validity and applicability of Holland's (1997) RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) model in Iceland. Archival data from the development of the Icelandic Interest Inventory (Einarsdóttir & Rounds, 2007) were used in the present investigation. The data included an indigenous pool of occupations and work-task items representing Iceland's world of work that had been administered to a sample of 597 upper secondary school students. Multidimensional scaling analysis and property vector fitting using Prediger's (1981) work-task dimensions were applied to the item responses to test if the RIASEC model could be identified. The results indicated that a 4-dimensional solution better explains the interest spac... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789072 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789071&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FS8J28NFJYSU%2F345 The authors conducted 3 studies to develop and investigate the psychometric properties of the American Jewish Identity Scales (AJIS), a brief self-report measure that assesses cultural identification and religious identification. Study 1 assessed the content validity of the item pool using an expert panel. In Study 2, 1,884 Jewish adults completed the initial AJIS and various measures of ethnic identity, collective self-esteem, and religiosity. Using confirmatory factor analyses, the authors selected and cross-validated 33 items that loaded highly and differentially on the 2 theorized latent factors. Study 3 assessed the AJIS's short-term stability and its relation to social desirability. Tests of reliability and construct validity provided initial psychometric support for the measure and ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789071 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789070&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FNW54b_rb9Cc%2F328 Four studies were conducted to develop and validate the Coping With Discrimination Scale (CDS). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis (N = 328) identified 5 factors: Education/Advocacy, Internalization, Drug and Alcohol Use, Resistance, and Detachment, with internal consistency reliability estimates ranging from .72 to .90. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 328) provided cross-validation of the 5-factor model as well as evidence for validity of the scale. The validity evidence was similar across racial groups and for males and females. In Study 3, the estimated 2-week test–retest reliabilities (N = 53) were between .48 and .85 for the 5 factors. Education/Advocacy, Internalization, Drug and Alcohol Use, and Detachment were positively associated with active coping, self... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789070 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789069&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FG_3SS-f3Bp4%2F317 We used actor–partner interdependence modeling to explore associations among attachment-related dyadic processes, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in war veterans, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in their wives. A sample of 157 Israeli couples (85 former prisoners of war and their wives and a comparison group of 72 veterans not held captive and their wives) completed self-report scales assessing attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) and PTSD symptoms. For both groups of veterans and their wives, attachment anxiety was associated with the severity of their own and their spouses' PTSD and STS. Avoidant attachment was associated with PTSD and STS only in couples that included a former prisoner of war. A complex pattern of associations involving avoidant attachment was observ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789069 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789068&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FTu8ta2zeH1w%2F304 This set of studies was designed to examine the relational underpinnings of child abuse potential in a sample of 51 urban families. In Study 1, lower maternal differentiation of self—most notably, greater emotional reactivity and greater emotional cutoff—along with self-attacking introjects distinguished mothers at higher risk (vs. lower risk) for child maltreatment. In Study 2, patterns of interactive rupture and repair were examined in a subsample of 15 families and found to vary as a function of risk for child maltreatment. Specifically, Structural Analysis of Social Behavior coding (SASB; Benjamin, 1996, 2003) of mother–children interactions during 2 moderately stressful lab tasks revealed higher rates of interactive mismatch and mother-initiated ruptures and fewer successful rep... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789068 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789067&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Ffgn0kbdJti0%2F297 The main purpose of this study was to investigate how receiving personal counseling at a university counseling center helps students deal with their personal problems and facilitates academic functioning. To that end, this study used both clinical and academic outcome measures that are relevant to the practice of counseling provided at a counseling center and its unique function in an institution of higher education. In addition, this study used the clinical significance methodology (N. S. Jacobson & P. Truax, 1991) that takes into account clients' differences in making clinically reliable and significant change. Pre-intake and post-termination surveys, including the Outcome Questionnaire (M. J. Lambert, K. Lunnen, V. Umphress, N. Hansen, & G. Burlingame, 1994), were completed by 78 client... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789067 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789066&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FoUoYpb2nqUk%2F290 To better understand the impact of psychotherapy on youth academic performance, the authors located and examined 83 studies of youth psychotherapy that contained 102 treatment comparisons. Results revealed a d = 0.46 overall effect size, with a d = 0.50 effect size for mental health outcomes, and a d = 0.38 effect size for academically related outcomes. Academically related outcomes were further categorized into teacher-rated classroom behavior (d = 0.26), academic achievement (d = 0.36), environmentally related outcomes (d = 0.26), and self-reported academically related outcomes (d = 0.59). Each of these effect sizes differed significantly from zero, and the 4 academically related categories were homogeneous. Participant racial and ethnic diversity and age were explored as moderators. The... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789066 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789065&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FTHmDqlWMN1Q%2F274 Counselors, psychologists, and evaluators of intervention programs for youth increasingly view the promotion of connectedness as an important intervention outcome. When evaluating these programs, researchers frequently test whether the treatment effects differ across gender and ethnic or racial groups. Doing so necessitates the availability of culturally and gender-invariant measures. We used the Hemingway: Measure of Adolescent Connectedness to estimate the factor structure invariance and equality of means across gender and 3 racial/ethnic groups with a large sample of middle school adolescents. From a practical perspective, the 10-scale model suggested factor structure invariance across gender and racial or ethnic (i.e., African American, Caucasian, and Latina/o) groups of adolescents. H... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789065 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789064&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FX4n3i91xPhs%2F264 Utilizing the concept of race-based traumatic stress, this study tested whether posttraumatic stress symptoms explain the process by which perceived discrimination is related to health risk behaviors among Mexican American adolescents. One hundred ten participants were recruited from a large health maintenance organization in Northern California. Mediational analyses indicated that adolescents who perceived more discrimination reported worse posttraumatic stress symptoms, controlling for covariates. In turn, adolescents who experienced heightened posttraumatic stress symptoms reported more alcohol use, more other drug use, involvement in more fights, and more sexual partners. Perceived discrimination was also directly related to involvement in more fights. Results provide support for the n... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789064 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3789063&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FMs2JiHg4K5w%2F255 In this study, we examined the association among perceptions of racial and/or ethnic discrimination, racial climate, and trauma-related symptoms among 289 racially diverse college undergraduates. Study measures included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist—Civilian Version, and the Racial Climate Scale. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that Asian and Black students reported more frequent experiences of discrimination than did White students. Additionally, the MANOVA indicated that Black students perceived the campus racial climate as being more negative than did White and Asian students. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that when controlling for generic life str... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3789063 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3789063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674555&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FZ_8YZ7XY5s4%2F248 This qualitative study is an exploration of 32 urban high school students’ narratives about the connection between school, work, and societal expectations of their future success related to their racial and ethnic background. The sample varied along 2 contextual dimensions: participation in a psychoeducational intervention (Tools for Tomorrow) and developmental status (i.e., half the sample were 9th-grade students and the other half were 12th-grade students). Using consensual qualitative research, the narratives revealed 3 major domains: future orientation; students’ perceptions of society’s expectations based on race and ethnicity; and students’ perception of the role of their race and ethnicity in future success. Results reveal that the majority of students endorse a connection b... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674555 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674554&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FP4PHiVvv0Fc%2F239 The current article replies to comments made by Lent, Sheu, and Brown (2010) and Lubinski (2010) regarding the study “Interpreting the Interest–Efficacy Association From a RIASEC Perspective” (Armstrong & Vogel, 2009). The comments made by Lent et al. and Lubinski highlight a number of important theoretical and methodological issues, including the process of defining and differentiating between constructs, the assumptions underlying Holland’s (1959, 1997) RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional types) model and interrelations among constructs specified in social cognitive career theory (SCCT), the importance of incremental validity for evaluating constructs, and methodological considerations when quantifying interest–efficacy correlation... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674554 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674553&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F_xm7_pVq1gg%2F226 Invited commentary on Armstrong and Vogel’s (2009) article on interpreting the interest–efficacy association stimulated an appraisal from a broader perspective. Like empirical research, scale development, and theorizing emanating from social cognitive career theory (SCCT), their conclusion about the importance of assessing both interests and self-efficacy in applied settings and speculations about the developmental sequencing of these attributes need to be evaluated in the context of what decades of longitudinal research reveal are critical determinants of educational and vocational choice, performance after choice, and persistence. For our interventions to be effective and our theory development to be meaningful, we must ensure that innovative measures possess incremental validity rel... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674553 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674552&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2F0aHtJZ1uG_U%2F225 Reports an error in "Effects of interest–major congruence, motivation, and academic performance on timely degree attainment" by Jeff Allen and Steve Robbins (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2010[Jan], Vol 57[1], 23-35). The link to the supplemental material was incorrect. The correct link is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2010-00483-007.) Using longitudinal student data from 15 four-year (n = 3,072) and 13 (n = 788) two-year postsecondary institutions, the authors tested the effects of interest–major congruence, motivation, and 1st-year academic performance on timely degree completion. Findings suggest that interest–major congruence has a direct effect on timely degree completion at both institutional settings and that mo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674552 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674551&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Flk5Uz2pCKh0%2F219 Armstrong and Vogel (2009) proposed that the differences between self-efficacy and interests are a matter of measurement artifact rather than substance. In tests of this hypothesis, they conceived of self-efficacy and interest as observed indicators of larger RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) types and as response method factors. We revisit the authors’ theoretical assumptions, measurement procedures, analyses, and interpretation of findings. When viewing this study in the context of the larger literature, we find ample support for the construal of self-efficacy and interests as distinct but related constructs. In addition, we examine the authors’ reanalysis of earlier longitudinal findings, reaching different conclusions than they did ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674551 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674550&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fhm4P4ZSp37s%2F205 In this study we investigated the academic interests and goals of 223 African American, Latino/a, Southeast Asian, and Native American undergraduate students in 2 groups: biological science (BIO) and engineering (ENG) majors. Using social cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), we examined the relationships of social cognitive variables (math/science academic self-efficacy, math/science outcome expectations)—as well as the influence of ethnic variables (ethnic identity, other-group orientation) and perceptions of campus climate—to students’ math/science interests and goal commitment to earn a BIO/ENG degree. Path analysis revealed that the hypothesized model provided good overall fit to the data, revealing significant relationships between outcome expectations and int... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674550 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674549&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fr9g9Y-ITmzI%2F198 In this study, the authors compared client behavior in 28 sessions that one family member and the therapist concurred, on the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (W. B. Stiles & J. S. Snow, 1984), were relatively better or worse than their other sessions. Client behavior was rated from videotapes using the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances (SOFTA-o; M. L. Friedlander et al., 2006). In contrast to the worse sessions, the better sessions were characterized by significantly greater client Engagement in the Therapeutic Process and Safety within the Therapeutic System. Notably, whereas only the worse sessions had exceptionally poor within-family collaboration, 40% of the better sessions were characterized by mild family conflict. Implications are discussed for building theory on therap... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674549 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674548&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2Fs_UwiSlmFss%2F187 Individuals with high levels of depressive symptoms tend to engage in lower levels of emotional disclosure than individuals who are lower in depressive symptoms. However, little is known about how depressive symptoms relate to the intraindividual relation between daily disclosure and the intensity of the daily events. The authors addressed these relations using a daily diary methodology. College students (N = 239) completed a measure of depression symptoms. They then completed measures of the intensity of the day’s most unpleasant event and their disclosure of that event each day for 7 days. Results indicated that depression moderated the intensity–disclosure relation such that depression symptoms were associated with diminished emotional disclosure for high-intensity events but not fo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674548 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674547&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FHyTslaCXpv8%2F179 This study attempted to replicate Miller’s (2007) finding that a bilinear domain-specific model of Asian American acculturation demonstrated superior model fit when compared to unilinear and bilinear domain-generic models. Current confirmatory factor analytic tests of competing acculturation models in a cross-validation sample of 306 participants were consistent with Miller’s findings. In addition, this study provided novel findings regarding the nature of the acculturation process by testing the bilinear domain-specific model across 1st and 2nd generation samples. Specifically, the generational status moderator hypothesis—that a unilinear model of acculturation would be most appropriate for 1st generation individuals and a bilinear model of acculturation would be most appropriate fo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674547 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674546&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FLVxST61MJ5I%2F167 Although the literature on Asian Americans and racism has been emerging, few studies have examined how coping influences one’s encounters with racism. To advance the literature, the present study focused on the psychological impact of Filipino Americans’ experiences with racism and the role of coping as a mediator using a community-based sample of adults (N = 199). Two multiple mediation models were used to examine the mediating effects of active, avoidance, support-seeking, and forbearance coping on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress and self-esteem, respectively. Separate analyses were also conducted for men and women given differences in coping utilization. For men, a bootstrap procedure indicated that active, support-seeking, and avoidance coping w... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674546 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674545&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FKQ9cJzYbd-c%2F154 On the basis of integrating objectification theory research with research on body image and eating problems among sexual minority men, the present study examined relations among sociocultural and psychological correlates of eating disorder symptoms with a sample of 231 sexual minority men. Results of a path analysis supported tenets of objectification theory with the sample. Specifically, findings were consistent with relations posited in objectification theory among sexual objectification experiences, internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Within this set of positive relations, internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness partially mediated the link of sexual objectification experiences with body sur... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674545 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674544&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeedproxy.google.com%2F%7Er%2Fapa-journals-cou%2F%7E3%2FTbdBgx2o24s%2F141 In this study, we examined a sociocultural model of eating disorders for African American women but included the influences of ethnic identity (e.g., Hall, 1995; Helms, 1990). Participants (N = 322) were drawn from 5 different universities. They completed measures representing ethnic identity, societal pressures regarding thinness, internalization of societal beauty ideals, body image concerns, and disordered eating. Structural equation modeling revealed that ethnic identity was inversely, and societal pressures regarding thinness directly, related to internalization of societal beauty ideals. Societal pressures regarding thinness was also related to greater body image concerns. Both internalization of societal beauty ideals and body image concerns were positively associated with disordere... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674544 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3674544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439602&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F248 This qualitative study is an exploration of 32 urban high school students’ narratives about the connection between school, work, and societal expectations of their future success related to their racial and ethnic background. The sample varied along 2 contextual dimensions: participation in a psychoeducational intervention (Tools for Tomorrow) and developmental status (i.e., half the sample were 9th-grade students and the other half were 12th-grade students). Using consensual qualitative research, the narratives revealed 3 major domains: future orientation; students’ perceptions of society’s expectations based on race and ethnicity; and students’ perception of the role of their race and ethnicity in future success. Results reveal that the majority of students endorse a connection b... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439602 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439601&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F239 The current article replies to comments made by Lent, Sheu, and Brown (2010) and Lubinski (2010) regarding the study “Interpreting the Interest–Efficacy Association From a RIASEC Perspective” (Armstrong & Vogel, 2009). The comments made by Lent et al. and Lubinski highlight a number of important theoretical and methodological issues, including the process of defining and differentiating between constructs, the assumptions underlying Holland’s (1959, 1997) RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional types) model and interrelations among constructs specified in social cognitive career theory (SCCT), the importance of incremental validity for evaluating constructs, and methodological considerations when quantifying interest–efficacy correlation... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439601 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439600&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F226 Invited commentary on Armstrong and Vogel’s (2009) article on interpreting the interest–efficacy association stimulated an appraisal from a broader perspective. Like empirical research, scale development, and theorizing emanating from social cognitive career theory (SCCT), their conclusion about the importance of assessing both interests and self-efficacy in applied settings and speculations about the developmental sequencing of these attributes need to be evaluated in the context of what decades of longitudinal research reveal are critical determinants of educational and vocational choice, performance after choice, and persistence. For our interventions to be effective and our theory development to be meaningful, we must ensure that innovative measures possess incremental validity rel... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439600 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439599&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F225 Reports an error in "Effects of interest–major congruence, motivation, and academic performance on timely degree attainment" by Jeff Allen and Steve Robbins (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2010[Jan], Vol 57[1], 23-35). The link to the supplemental material was incorrect. The correct link is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2010-00483-007.) Using longitudinal student data from 15 four-year (n = 3,072) and 13 (n = 788) two-year postsecondary institutions, the authors tested the effects of interest–major congruence, motivation, and 1st-year academic performance on timely degree completion. Findings suggest that interest–major congruence has a direct effect on timely degree completion at both institutional settings and that mo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439599 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439598&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F219 Armstrong and Vogel (2009) proposed that the differences between self-efficacy and interests are a matter of measurement artifact rather than substance. In tests of this hypothesis, they conceived of self-efficacy and interest as observed indicators of larger RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional) types and as response method factors. We revisit the authors’ theoretical assumptions, measurement procedures, analyses, and interpretation of findings. When viewing this study in the context of the larger literature, we find ample support for the construal of self-efficacy and interests as distinct but related constructs. In addition, we examine the authors’ reanalysis of earlier longitudinal findings, reaching different conclusions than they did ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439598 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439597&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F205 In this study we investigated the academic interests and goals of 223 African American, Latino/a, Southeast Asian, and Native American undergraduate students in 2 groups: biological science (BIO) and engineering (ENG) majors. Using social cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994), we examined the relationships of social cognitive variables (math/science academic self-efficacy, math/science outcome expectations)—as well as the influence of ethnic variables (ethnic identity, other-group orientation) and perceptions of campus climate—to students’ math/science interests and goal commitment to earn a BIO/ENG degree. Path analysis revealed that the hypothesized model provided good overall fit to the data, revealing significant relationships between outcome expectations and int... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439597 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439596&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F198 In this study, the authors compared client behavior in 28 sessions that one family member and the therapist concurred, on the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (W. B. Stiles & J. S. Snow, 1984), were relatively better or worse than their other sessions. Client behavior was rated from videotapes using the System for Observing Family Therapy Alliances (SOFTA-o; M. L. Friedlander et al., 2006). In contrast to the worse sessions, the better sessions were characterized by significantly greater client Engagement in the Therapeutic Process and Safety within the Therapeutic System. Notably, whereas only the worse sessions had exceptionally poor within-family collaboration, 40% of the better sessions were characterized by mild family conflict. Implications are discussed for building theory on therap... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439596 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439595&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F187 Individuals with high levels of depressive symptoms tend to engage in lower levels of emotional disclosure than individuals who are lower in depressive symptoms. However, little is known about how depressive symptoms relate to the intraindividual relation between daily disclosure and the intensity of the daily events. The authors addressed these relations using a daily diary methodology. College students (N = 239) completed a measure of depression symptoms. They then completed measures of the intensity of the day’s most unpleasant event and their disclosure of that event each day for 7 days. Results indicated that depression moderated the intensity–disclosure relation such that depression symptoms were associated with diminished emotional disclosure for high-intensity events but not fo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439595 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439594&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F179 This study attempted to replicate Miller’s (2007) finding that a bilinear domain-specific model of Asian American acculturation demonstrated superior model fit when compared to unilinear and bilinear domain-generic models. Current confirmatory factor analytic tests of competing acculturation models in a cross-validation sample of 306 participants were consistent with Miller’s findings. In addition, this study provided novel findings regarding the nature of the acculturation process by testing the bilinear domain-specific model across 1st and 2nd generation samples. Specifically, the generational status moderator hypothesis—that a unilinear model of acculturation would be most appropriate for 1st generation individuals and a bilinear model of acculturation would be most appropriate fo... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439594 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439593&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F167 Although the literature on Asian Americans and racism has been emerging, few studies have examined how coping influences one’s encounters with racism. To advance the literature, the present study focused on the psychological impact of Filipino Americans’ experiences with racism and the role of coping as a mediator using a community-based sample of adults (N = 199). Two multiple mediation models were used to examine the mediating effects of active, avoidance, support-seeking, and forbearance coping on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress and self-esteem, respectively. Separate analyses were also conducted for men and women given differences in coping utilization. For men, a bootstrap procedure indicated that active, support-seeking, and avoidance coping w... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439593 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439592&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F154 On the basis of integrating objectification theory research with research on body image and eating problems among sexual minority men, the present study examined relations among sociocultural and psychological correlates of eating disorder symptoms with a sample of 231 sexual minority men. Results of a path analysis supported tenets of objectification theory with the sample. Specifically, findings were consistent with relations posited in objectification theory among sexual objectification experiences, internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Within this set of positive relations, internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness partially mediated the link of sexual objectification experiences with body sur... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439592 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439591&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F2%2F141 In this study, we examined a sociocultural model of eating disorders for African American women but included the influences of ethnic identity (e.g., Hall, 1995; Helms, 1990). Participants (N = 322) were drawn from 5 different universities. They completed measures representing ethnic identity, societal pressures regarding thinness, internalization of societal beauty ideals, body image concerns, and disordered eating. Structural equation modeling revealed that ethnic identity was inversely, and societal pressures regarding thinness directly, related to internalization of societal beauty ideals. Societal pressures regarding thinness was also related to greater body image concerns. Both internalization of societal beauty ideals and body image concerns were positively associated with disordere... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439591 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100 3439591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187647&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F128 Archival data (N = 1,048 women, 1,136 men) from a mental health survey of college students were used to investigate incidence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), including cutting. Significant levels (defined as 4–5 lifetime incidents) were found in 9.3% of women and 5.3% of men. The Counseling Center Assessment for Psychological Symptoms (a global symptom inventory) and an assessment of trauma had been field tested with this sample. We randomly partitioned half of these data into a holdout sample and used the remainder to develop an NSSI screening inventory that included (a) 5 women’s screening items, including 1 item to assess trauma experienced; (b) 11 men’s screening items; and (c) 12 items common to men and women, including depression, dissociation, anger, unwanted thoughts, nigh... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187647 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187646&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F127 Reports an error in "Interpreting the interest–efficacy association from a RIASEC perspective" by Patrick Ian Armstrong and David L. Vogel (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2009[Jul], Vol 56[3], 392-407). In the article, an incorrect value was reported for the correlation between Artistic and Social occupational interests in Table 1 (p. 400), incorrect values were reported for some of the fit indices presented in Table 2 (p. 402), and incorrect values were reported for the fit indices presented in Table 5 (p. 404). The correct value for the correlation between Artistic and Social occupational interests is r = .44. Attached are the fit indices that are correct for the Structural Equation Models presented in Table 2 and Table 5. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187646 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187645&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F114 This investigation is a preliminary report on a new measure of internalization of the model minority myth. In 3 studies, there was evidence for the validation of the 15-item Internalization of the Model Minority Myth Measure (IM-4), with 2 subscales. The Model Minority Myth of Achievement Orientation referred to the myth of Asian Americans’ greater success than other racial minority groups associated with their stronger work ethics, perseverance, and drives to succeed. The Model Minority Myth of Unrestricted Mobility referred to the myth of Asian Americans’ greater success than other racial minority groups associated with their stronger belief in fairness of treatment and lack of perceived racism or barriers at school or work. The 2-subscale structure of the IM-4 was supported by a com... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187645 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187644&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F105 This study examines underlying mechanisms in the relationship between an Africentric worldview and depressive symptoms. Participants were 112 African American young adults. An Africentric worldview buffered the association between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. The relationship between an Africentric worldview and depressive symptoms was mediated by perceived stress and emotion-focused coping. These findings highlight the protective function of an Africentric worldview in the context of African Americans’ stress experiences and psychological health and offer promise for enhancing African American mental health service delivery and treatment interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology) Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187644 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187643&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F92 The purpose of this study was to investigate coming out to family and friends and their relationships to shame, internalized heterosexism, lesbian identity, and perceived social support in Chinese lesbians from 2 different cultural settings—Mainland China (N = 244) and Hong Kong (N = 234). Results of structural equation modeling showed that, in both samples, a sense of shame was related to internalized heterosexism and a devaluation of one’s lesbian identity, which in turn was related to a decreased likelihood of coming out to others. Shame was also associated with a reduced perception of support from friends, which seemed in turn to exacerbate internalized heterosexism among lesbians. Family support was generally unrelated to outness, except for outness to friends in the Hong Kong sam... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187643 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187642&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F79 The present study investigated the direct and moderating effects of racial identity, ethnic identity, Asian values, and race-related stress on positive psychological well-being among 402 Asian American and Asian international college students. Results revealed that the racial identity statuses Internalization, Immersion-Emersion, Dissonance, Asian values, and Ethnic Identity Affirmation and Belonging were significant predictors of well-being. Asian values, Dissonance, and Conformity were found to moderate the relationship between race-related stress on well-being. Specifically, individuals in low race-related stress conditions who had low Asian values, high Conformity, and low Dissonance attitudes started high on well-being but decreased as race-related stress increased. These findings und... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187642 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187641&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F68 T. J. G. Tracey et al.’s (2003) common factors model derived from therapists and psychotherapy researchers has provided a parsimonious structure to inform research and practice. Accordingly, the current authors used the 14 common factor categories identified in Tracey et al.’s model as a guide to code clients’ perceptions of helpful therapist actions (e.g., intervention, way of being) in short-term psychotherapy. Next, they conducted a cluster analysis to establish meaningful subgroups of clients based on clients’ perceptions of helpful therapist actions. Finally, they explored if clients in these subgroups differed in their report of conformity to masculine norms. Clients (N = 161) from a university counseling center were recruited for the current study. Results revealed 3 cluster... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187641 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187640&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F52 Countertransference is a concept that is widely acknowledged, but there exists little definitional consensus, making research in the area difficult. The authors adopted a prototype theory (E. H. Rosch, 1973a, 1973b; see C. B. Mervis & E. Rosch, 1981, for a review) to examine this construct because it conceptually fits well with constructs that elude explicit definition. In Study 1, 45 experienced psychologists highly agreed with the prototypicality of 104 different examples of countertransference providing support for the presence of a prototype. In Study 2, the usage of this prototype in a sample of 35 trainees was related to ability to perceive countertransference in a case example drawn from the literature and positively correlated with self-reports of their experiences of countertransf... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187640 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187639&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F36 Holland’s (1997) theory of corresponding person and work environment structures was evaluated by comparing the integration of individual and occupational ratings of interests, abilities, and skills. Occupational ratings were obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor’s O*NET database (U.S. Department of Labor, 2007). College students (494 women, 526 men) provided self-ratings of their interests, abilities, and skills. Property vector fitting was used to embed ability and skill ratings into the Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) interest structure, and bootstrapping was used to generate confidence intervals for the angles of the vectors and the magnitude of their fit to the Holland model. Across the individual and occupational ratings, 18... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187639 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:43 +0100 3187639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187638&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F23 Using longitudinal student data from 15 four-year (n = 3,072) and 13 (n = 788) two-year postsecondary institutions, the authors tested the effects of interest–major congruence, motivation, and 1st-year academic performance on timely degree completion. Findings suggest that interest–major congruence has a direct effect on timely degree completion at both institutional settings and that motivation has indirect effects (via 1st-year academic performance). The total effects of both interest–major congruence and motivation on timely degree completion underscore the importance of both constructs in understanding student adjustment and postsecondary success. Implications for theory and counseling practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: J... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187638 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:42 +0100 3187638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187637&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F11 This article celebrates the 50th anniversary of the introduction of John L. Holland’s (1959) theory of vocational personalities and work environments by describing the theory’s development and evolution, its instrumentation, and its current status. Hallmarks of Holland’s theory are its empirical testability and its user-friendliness. By constructing measures for operationalizing the theory’s constructs, Holland and his colleagues helped ensure that the theory could be implemented in practice on a widespread basis. Empirical data offer considerable support for the existence of Holland’s RIASEC types and their ordering among persons and environments. Although Holland’s congruence hypotheses have received empirical support, congruence appears to have modest predictive power. Mixed... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187637 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:42 +0100 3187637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187636&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F57%2F1%2F1 This article urges counseling psychology researchers to recognize and report how missing data are handled, because consumers of research cannot accurately interpret findings without knowing the amount and pattern of missing data or the strategies that were used to handle those data. Patterns of missing data are reviewed, and some of the common strategies for dealing with them are described. The authors provide an illustration in which data were simulated and evaluate 3 methods of handling missing data: mean substitution, multiple imputation, and full information maximum likelihood. Results suggest that mean substitution is a poor method for handling missing data, whereas both multiple imputation and full information maximum likelihood are recommended alternatives to this approach. The auth... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187636 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 15:27:41 +0100 3187636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937127&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F56%2F4%2F597 Reports an error in "The Differentiation of Self Inventory: Development and initial validation" by Elizabeth A. Skowron and Myrna L. Friedlander (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1998[Jul], Vol 45[3], 235-246). In the January 1998 edition of the Journal of Counseling Psychology (Volume 45, Number 3, p. 246), the key to the Appendix was printed incorrectly. Please see the attached errata for further information. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1998-04269-001.) Despite the importance of Bowen theory (M. Bowen, 1976,1978; M. E. Kerr & Bowen, 1988) in the field of family therapy, there have been relatively few studies to date examining its constructs or propositions. To fill this gap, a self-report instrument, the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) has ... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937127 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:03:08 +0100 2937127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937126&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F56%2F4%2F590 International university students often experience acculturative stress, and culturally appropriate techniques to manage stress are needed. This randomized trial tested the effects of group assertiveness training, private expressive writing, their combination, and a wait-list control on the acculturative stress, affect, and health of 118 international students at an urban North American university. Interventions were conducted at the start of a semester, and assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the semester. Group assertiveness training was rated positively by students and led to lower negative affect, whereas expressive writing was less well received and led to higher homesickness and fear, but also to higher positive affect. The combined intervention had no effects, p... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937126 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:03:08 +0100 2937126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937125&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F56%2F4%2F585 We examined the factor structure of the Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW; Spanierman & Heppner, 2004) on 766 White American university students from the southeastern United States. Results from confirmatory factor analyses supported the 3-factor model proposed by Spanierman and Heppner (2004). The construct validity of the PCRW was further strengthened by its convergent validity demonstrated by the associations among its subscales and White racial identity attitudes and White privilege attitude. Our findings support the continued exploration of the validity and reliability of the PCRW as well as its utility as a measure of White individuals’ affective responses to racism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychol... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937125 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:03:08 +0100 2937125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937124&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F56%2F4%2F573 Research suggests that individuals with heightened symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders engage in diminished emotional disclosure. On the basis of emotion regulation theories, the authors hypothesized that this symptom–disclosure relationship would be mediated by the avoidance of emotional experience and expression. In Study 1, college students (N = 831) completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, measures of tendencies to avoid emotional expression, and measures of tendencies to self-disclose distress. Structural equation modeling revealed that anhedonic depression and anxious arousal were associated with lessened emotional self-disclosure tendencies as mediated by avoidance of emotional expression. In Study 2, participants (N = 153) completed new measures of depression and... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937124 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:03:08 +0100 2937124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937123&cid=s_27102_36_f&fid=27102&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fjournals%2Fcou%2F56%2F4%2F564 A great deal of time and money has been spent to understand why adolescents abuse alcohol. Some of the most fruitful work considers the social context navigated by adolescents, including family, school, and peer contexts. However, most of this work focuses on differences between adolescents in these contexts. The present study adds to the literature by considering within-person changes in these contexts and examines the extent to which these changes are related to alcohol use. Significant changes in all 3 contexts were observed, and these changes were significantly related to alcohol use. The significant influence of intrapersonal variability highlights the importance of attending not only to chronic, between-individual issues facing at-risk youths but emergent and transient issues that ma... Journal of Counseling Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937123 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:03:08 +0100 2937123