MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Fish Diseases' source. Mon, 06 Feb 2012 23:35:10 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644668&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01340.x In this study, 14 proteins were identified from cellular components of F. columnare using an immunoblotting approach in two‐dimensional electrophoresis map gels with antibacterial sera from grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), and then anti‐grass carp‐recombinant Ig (rIg) polyclonal antibodies. These proteins were characterized conclusively by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS). The 14 proteins are immunogenic molecules of F. columnare, including chaperonins DnaK, GroEL and trigger factor, and translation elongation factor G, translation elongation factor Tu, 30S ribosomal subunit protein S1, dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase, succinyl‐CoA synthetase, SpoOJ regulator protein, alcohol dehydrogen... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644668 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 00:52:11 +0100 5644668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594291&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01331.x AbstractVibrio splendidus is a pathogen that can cause major losses during the early stages of larval turbot rearing when live feed (rotifers or Artemia) is used. As haemolytic bacteria have often been associated with larval rearing losses, we studied the role of the V. splendidus haemolysin in infection of larvae. From a bank of over 10 000 transposon mutants of V. splendidus, two different types of haemolysin‐negative mutants were obtained. Both had lost virulence for larval fish, and immunohistochemistry showed that the transposon mutant studied colonized the turbot larval intestinal tract at a similar level to the wild‐type organism but did not cause damage or signs of enteritis found with the wild‐type organism. One transposon insertion site was located within a gene with hi... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594291 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 06:33:21 +0100 5594291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594290&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01330.x AbstractJuvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum), in the Broughton Archipelago region of western Canada were surveyed over 2 years for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi), gross and microscopic lesions and evidence of infections with viruses and bacteria. The 1071 fish examined had an approximate ocean residence time no longer than 3 months. A high prevalence of degenerative liver lesions, renal myxosporean parasites and a low prevalence of skin lesions and sea lice were observed. No indications of viral or bacterial diseases were detected in either year. The monthly prevalence of sea lice in 2007 (18–51%) was higher than in 2008 (1–26%), and the infestation density exceeded the lethal threshold in only two fish. Degenerative hepatic lesions and re... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594290 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 06:33:19 +0100 5594290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594289&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01326.x AbstractHeart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a disease causing considerable mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon. We have previously reported that pre‐feeding of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) reduces the mortality during a natural outbreak of HSMI. In the present paper we show that in the cardiac ventricle, during HSMI infection, pre‐feeding TTA increases the expression of the immune genes: TNFα, VCAM‐1, IgM and CD8α. We also show that TTA increases the cardiosomatic index potentially by elevating cardiomyogenesis through activation of the cardiac transcription factors MEF2C and Nkx2.5. Using the recently published genomic sequence of a HSMI associated piscine reovirus (PRV), we could show that the PRV levels have no confounding effects on the mRNA expression of the in... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594289 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 06:33:14 +0100 5594289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594288&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01333.x This study reviews knowledge of the effect of diet nutrients on health, welfare and improvement of disease resistance in fish. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594288 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 06:33:12 +0100 5594288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594287&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01334.x AbstractIt was recently reported that Poly(I:C) immunization with live nervous necrosis virus (NNV) confers protection in sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg), from NNV infection. In the present study, we conducted field tests with sevenband grouper for the evaluation of Poly(I:C) immunization efficacy. In the first experiment, sevenband grouper were immunized with NNV followed by Poly(I:C) administration 7 weeks before natural occurrence of viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Survival rate of the naïve fish was 71.0%, whereas that of the immunized fish was 99.8%. In the second experiment, sevenband grouper were immunized 10 months before VNN occurrence and survival rate of the non‐treated and vaccinated fish was 79.5% and 97.5%, respectively. In the third experiment,... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594287 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 06:33:10 +0100 5594287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521179&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01329.x AbstractThe effects on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), immune parameters by differently formulated fish feed types containing immunostimulants have been tested in a double‐blind, duplicated and controlled study performed over 50 days. A total of 800 rainbow trout (10–12 g) were kept in eight duplicate fish tanks (each containing 100 fish) and fed at a daily feeding rate of 1.5% of the biomass. The feed types were (1) control feed (C) without additives, (2) feed containing beta‐glucan, nucleotides, manno‐oligosaccharides (MOS), vitamins C and E (GNMCE), (3) feed containing probiotic bacteria and plant extracts (PP) and (4) feed with nucleotides, manno‐oligosaccharides, vitamins C and E (NMCE). Plasma lysozyme activity was increased in fish fed two feed types (GNM... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521179 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 16:23:39 +0100 5521179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521181&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01327.x AbstractYersiniosis (enteric red mouth disease) is a contagious bacterial disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri, which primarily affects salmonids. A real‐time PCR assay using a molecular beacon has been developed and validated to improve the detection of the causative biotypes of Y. ruckeri. The assay, which targets the glnA (glutamine synthetase) gene, proved to have 100% analytical specificity and analytical sensitivities of 5 fg and 3 × 103 CFU g−1 for DNA and seeded kidney tissue, respectively. The assay was highly repeatable with low % CV for intra‐ and inter‐run experiments, and the optimized parameters transferred easily between different real‐time PCR platforms. Following analytical validation, diagnostic specificity was determined using New Zealand farmed Chino... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521181 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5521180&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01328.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5521180 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5521180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513212&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01325.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513212 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:26 +0100 5513212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513211&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01323.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513211 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:24 +0100 5513211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513210&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01324.x AbstractDisposal of fish by‐products in the European Community must comply with Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 which categorizes animal by‐products according to risk, and specifies methods of disposal of by‐products according to that risk. There is provision under the regulation for composting or ensiling to be used for by‐products from aquatic animals. Biosecurity considerations require knowledge of the parameters of time and temperature, or time and pH, required to inactivate any fish pathogens that may be present. To provide those data, we undertook laboratory studies on the inactivation of a number of fish pathogenic viruses and bacteria at 60 °C, pH 4.0 and pH 12.0 as a preliminary to conducting subsequent trials with the most resistant viruses and bacteria in fish tissue... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513210 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:20 +0100 5513210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513209&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01322.x AbstractHerein, we describe the prevalence of bacterial infections in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), returning to spawn in two tributaries within the Lake Michigan watershed. Ten bacterial genera, including Renibacterium, Aeromonas, Carnobacterium, Serratia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Hafnia, Salmonella, Shewanella and Morganella, were detected in the kidneys of Chinook salmon (n = 480) using culture, serological and molecular analyses. Among these, Aeromonas salmonicida was detected at a prevalence of ∼15%. Analyses revealed significant interactions between location/time of collection and gender for these infections, whereby overall infection prevalence increased greatly later in the spawning run and was significantly higher in females. Renibacterium salmoninarum was... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513209 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:18 +0100 5513209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513208&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01321.x AbstractThe network structure of the movements of live fish in the Scottish aquaculture industry has recently been demonstrated for 2003. In this paper, we enlarge this analysis to a longer 3‐year period from 2002 to 2004, the new data allowing complete coverage of at least one production cycle. The resulting network contains slightly more sites than that for a single year and is denser with more arcs (directed site‐to‐site connections) present, but otherwise features recognizable in the 1‐year network are still recognizable in the 3‐year network. Arc‐removal algorithms (a proxy for targeted surveillance) were identified that could successfully reduce the portion of the network reachable from a node (a proxy for potential epidemic size) by approximately one‐third by removing ... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513208 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:16 +0100 5513208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438011&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01319.x AbstractThis is the first pathological description of ‘scale drop syndrome’ (SDS) in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer Bloch. Cumulative mortality was estimated at 40–50%. The vasculitis in all major organs including the skin and associated tissue necrosis was distinctive. The dermis overlying scale beds was often necrotic and associated with scale loss. Necrosis of splenic ellipsoids, renal glomeruli and choroid rete glands of eye were further hallmarks of a disease with systemic vascular involvement. The brain was not spared vascular damage, and the resulting multifocal encephalomalacia probably accounts for the spiral swimming behaviour in some affected fish. Other lesions included accentuated hepatic lobulation and gastric gland necrosis. Nuclear chromatin margination and karyolysi... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438011 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:38:27 +0100 5438011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438012&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01317.x AbstractYersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), which mainly affects salmonid fish. Isolates of Y. ruckeri from diseased salmonid fish were obtained over a 6‐year period from eight fish farms in the State of Baden‐Württemberg, Southwest Germany. The strains were characterized by biochemical methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) combined with artificial neural network analysis. These methods were complemented by 16S rDNA sequencing for several isolates. The set of strains from these fish farms included sorbitol‐positive, gelatinase‐positive and non‐motile Y. ruckeri. These variants were differentiated with an advanced FT‐IR module, which is part of a higher‐ranking method including more than 200 well‐defined Yersi... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438012 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418846&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01318.x AbstractA complement‐dependent 50% plaque neutralization test was used to assess the neutralizing antibody response in sera of muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, experimentally infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV, genotype IVb) by immersion. Groups of muskellunge were challenged with varying concentrations of VHSV: Group 1 with 102 plaque‐forming units (pfu) mL−1, Group 2 with 4 × 103 pfu mL−1, Group 3 with 105 pfu mL−1 and Group 4 with 0 pfu mL−1. The fish were held at a temperature of 11 ± 1 °C and were sampled over a 20‐week period. Neutralizing antibodies were not detected in sera of any of the negative control fish throughout the study. Low neutralizing titres were detected in Groups 1–3 by 6 days post‐infection (p.i.). N... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418846 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 07:11:10 +0100 5418846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418847&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01316.x This study investigated the use of alkaline hydrolysis at ambient temperature for inactivation of selected fish pathogens in fish tissues under conditions approximating those that are likely to be found in the aquaculture industry. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) and Lactococcus garvieae have been determined in a previous study to be the most resistant virus and bacteria to pH 12 from a wide range of viruses and bacteria tested. They were spiked at high titres into fish extracts that were then treated with 1 m sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Viable L. garvieae was not detected in the treated fish extract after 1 h, and ISAV was not detected after 24‐h exposure. Field mortalities of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus were treated by alkali... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418847 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397778&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01315.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397778 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:47 +0100 5397778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397777&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01313.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397777 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:46 +0100 5397777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397776&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01311.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397776 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:44 +0100 5397776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397775&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01310.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397775 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:43 +0100 5397775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397774&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01314.x In this study, black disease infecting fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae Sanoamuang, Murugan, Weekers & Dumont, and Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan & Murugan, in Thailand, was investigated. The typical signs of the disease are the appearance of black spots on the cuticle, located mainly on the dorsal side and thoracopods. A number of rod‐shaped bacteria aggregated in the black spots and were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The histopathological results showed that a haemocytic response to the infection resulted in a dense melanized core of bacteria. In addition, generalized septicaemia by rod‐shaped bacteria was also observed in the infected tissue. Of the 31 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were predominantly isolated and six strains were selecte... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397774 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:36 +0100 5397774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397773&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01312.x AbstractAn outbreak of a disease characterized by a peculiar spiral movement in farmed greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso), occurred in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in May 2008, immediately after importing the fish from China. Although neither bacteria nor viruses were detected in routine diagnostic tests, histopathological observations of the affected fish revealed severe inflammation in the tegmentum of the brain including the medulla oblongata and the anterior part of the spinal cord. In addition, a microsporidian parasite was observed in the nerve cell bodies or axons in the inflamed tissues. We identified a microsporidian small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA) from the lesion, and the sequence showed 96.1% identity with that of Spraguea lophii. Subsequent in situ hybridization usi... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397773 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:34 +0100 5397773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344309&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01320.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344309 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 14:26:33 +0100 5344309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331742&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01309.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331742 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 12:42:54 +0100 5331742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331745&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01307.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331745 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5331745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5331744&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01308.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5331744 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5331744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322061&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01306.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322061 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 19:21:09 +0100 5322061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311851&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01301.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311851 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:34 +0100 5311851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311850&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01299.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311850 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:33 +0100 5311850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311849&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01298.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311849 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:31 +0100 5311849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311848&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01304.x AbstractFish diseases can be caused by a variety of diverse organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa, and pose a universal threat to the ornamental fish industry and aquaculture. The lack of rapid, accurate and reliable means by which fish pathogens can be detected and identified has been one of the main limitations in fish pathogen diagnosis and fish disease management and has consequently stimulated the search for alternative diagnostic techniques. Here, we describe a method based on multiplex and broad‐range PCR amplification combined with DNA array hybridization for the simultaneous detection and identification of all cyprinid herpesviruses (CyHV‐1, CyHV‐2 and CyHV‐3) and some of the most important fish pathogenic Flavobacterium species, including F. branchio... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311848 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:30 +0100 5311848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311847&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01303.x AbstractThe effects of different stressors on the atretic degeneration of ovarian vitellogenic follicles, as well as on the ovarian mass, were examined in female Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (L.), from the Mediterranean Sea. The stressors taken into consideration were short‐term starvation (up to 14 days), long‐term cage rearing (1 year) and crowding‐induced severe panic frenzy. Wild‐caught individuals were used as a control group. Fish subjected to either severe panic frenzy or starvation exhibited a decrease in gonad mass and had significantly higher intensity of α atresia in the vitellogenic follicles (means: 78% and 58%, respectively; range: 36–100%) than either wild or long‐term caged individuals (means: 32% and 30%, respectively; range: 19–44%). The exten... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311847 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:28 +0100 5311847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311846&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01302.x AbstractAeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a disease that affects both salmonid and non‐salmonid fish. Detection of A. salmonicida can be labour intensive and time consuming because of the difficulties in distinguishing the bacterium from other species given the wide variety of existing biochemical profiles and the slow growth characteristics which allow other organisms to overgrow the A. salmonicida. Herein, we report the development of a specific immunoassay using gold‐conjugated polyclonal antibodies for the rapid detection of A. salmonicida in fish tissues. Monodispersible 13‐nm gold nanoparticles were coated with polyclonal antibodies specific to A. salmonicida. Reddish purple agglutination of gold particles indicated the presence of A. salmonicid... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311846 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:27 +0100 5311846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311845&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01300.x AbstractThe Gram‐positive bacterium Aerococcus viridans var. homari is a well‐documented causative agent of the lethal systemic disease gaffkemia in both the American lobster, Homarus americanus, and the European lobster, Homarus gammarus. Previous phenotypic characterization has been unsuccessful at differentiating avirulent from virulent strains without performing lethal animal infection trials. Recent genetic characterization of A. viridans strains through 16S rRNA sequencing and random amplification of polymorphic DNA fingerprinting has revealed the presence of two subtypes. However, subtype 1 contains both virulent and avirulent strains which are genetically identical. The purpose of this study was to determine the proteomic mediators of virulence in A. viridans. Quantitative pr... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311845 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:25 +0100 5311845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311844&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01297.x In this study, an immunoproteomic analysis of F. psychrophilum was performed using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with serum from fish immunized with high‐ and mid‐molecular mass fractions of the bacterium. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the protein identity, and 15 immunogenic proteins were positively identified following Mascot searches of the F. psychrophilum genome. Based on known function and immunogenicity of homologous proteins in other bacterial pathogens, antibodies specific for several of the identified proteins may be important for protective immunity from CWD. These include outer membrane protein OmpA (P60), trigger factor, ClpB, elongation factor G, gliding motility protein GldN and a conserved hypothetical protein. Thi... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311844 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:23 +0100 5311844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311843&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01296.x AbstractA qPCR assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the aetiological agent of bacterial cold‐water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome in salmonid fish worldwide. A set of F. psychrophilum‐specific primers based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was designed and validated for specific detection and quantification of DNA isolated from representative strains of F. psychrophilum. The qPCR assay exhibited a high specificity for the 16S rRNA gene of F. psychrophilum (from 4 × 108 down to 11 copies per reaction) but not for other Flavobacterium species or other bacteria including fish pathogens. This qPCR‐based method proved to be useful in the quantification of the F. psychrophilum titre present within organs dissected out from diseas... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311843 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:21 +0100 5311843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322062&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01305.x AbstractViral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, Genogroup IVa (VHSV), was highly infectious to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), even at exposure doses occurring below the threshold of sensitivity for a standard viral plaque assay; however, further progression of the disease to a population‐level epizootic required viral amplification and effective fish‐to‐fish transmission. Among groups of herring injected with VHSV, the prevalence of infection was dose‐dependent, ranging from 100%, 75% and 38% after exposure to 19, 0.7 and 0.07 plaque‐forming units (PFU)/fish, respectively. Among Pacific herring exposed to waterborne VHSV (140 PFU mL−1), the prevalence of infection, geometric mean viral tissue titre and cumulative mortality were greater among cohabitated herr... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322062 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219873&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01282.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219873 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:21 +0100 5219873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219872&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01295.x AbstractLepeophtheirus acutusHeegaard, 1943 (Caligidae, Siphonostomatoida, Copepoda), was collected from or observed on four of six elasmobranch species held at Burgers’ Zoo (Arnhem, The Netherlands). Circumstantial evidence suggested that a zebra shark, Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann), from the wild carried the infection into the facility, where copepods reproduced and colonized additional hosts. Copepods typically attached on and about the eyes, in the mouth and occasionally about the cloaca and on the claspers. Severe ocular lesions were associated with infections on zebra sharks, a grey reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker), whitetip reef sharks, Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell), and giant shovelnose ray, Rhinobatos typus Bennett, while blacktip reef sharks, Carcharhinus melano... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219872 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:20 +0100 5219872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219871&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01294.x In this study, a real‐time PCR probe set for Y. ruckeri was developed to detect daily changes in the bacterial load during pathogen challenges. Two species of fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to two strains of Y. ruckeri (Hag and SC) during bath challenges. A subset of fish was killed daily for 14 days, and the kidney tissue was biopsied to enumerate copies of pathogen DNA per gram of tissue. While Chinook exposed to either the Hag or SC strains exhibited similar pathogen loads, those exposed to the Hag strain displayed higher mortality (∼66%) than fish exposed to the SC strain (∼24% mortality). Steelhead exposed to the Hag strain exhibited a greater pathogen load and higher mortality (∼42%) than those expose... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219871 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:18 +0100 5219871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219870&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01293.x AbstractMultiple greyish‐white visceral nodules containing abundant rapidly growing and acid‐fast bacteria, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium salmoniphilum, were detected in moribund and newly dead market‐sized fish during a period of increased mortality in an Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, farm in western Norway. Isolates cultured from diseased fish were phenotypically consistent with Mycobacterium sp. previously isolated from Atlantic salmon [MT 1890 (= NCIMB13533), MT1892, MT1900 and MT1901] in the Shetland Isles, Scotland. Partial sequences of 16S rDNA, ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), 65‐kDa heat‐shock protein (Hsp65) and β subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) revealed 97‐99% similarity with M. salmoniphilum type strain ATCC 13758T. The source of infec... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219870 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:16 +0100 5219870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219869&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01292.x AbstractA continuous cell line [goldfish tail fin (GFTF)] derived from a goldfish tail fin, Carassius auratus, was established and characterized. GFTF cells predominantly consist of fibroblast‐like cells that were maintained and subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 15 months. Cells grew at temperatures between 15 and 37°C, with an optimum temperature of 25°C. The growth rate of GFTF cells increased proportionally with the foetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration (5–20%), with optimum growth at 20% FBS. The chromosome numbers were 88–112, with a modal peak of 104 chromosomes. Five known fish viruses were tested to determine susceptibility. Results demonstrated that GFTF is susceptible to snakehead rhabdovirus, spring viraemia of carp virus and channel catfish virus (CCV)... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219869 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:14 +0100 5219869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219868&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01291.x This study indicates that antibodies play an important part in the protection of immune fish against Ich although additional humoral and cellular factors may contribute to this reaction. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219868 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:13 +0100 5219868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219867&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01290.x In this study, we used 46 nucleotide sequences for the glycoprotein gene from 12 studies and 150 nucleotide sequences for the nucleoprotein gene from nine studies. We combined phylogenetics and a geographic information system to visualize the transmission paths of VHSV lineages. We also reconstructed the spread of VHSV lineages through optimization of geographic data for viral isolates on phylogenetic trees. We demonstrate that VHSV was transmitted from the North Atlantic Ocean and/or Baltic Sea to the Atlantic coast of North America and Japan in independent events. From the Atlantic coast, the virus was transmitted independently to the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Pacific coast of Canada and the contiguous United States. From the Pacific Northwest, the virus was transmitted to Asia and ... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219867 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:11 +0100 5219867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219866&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01289.x AbstractThe prevalence of two serotypes of Streptococcus parauberis isolated from the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, was evaluated in a total of 29 isolates between 2003 and 2010 in Korea. Streptococcus parauberis isolates were divided into two serologically distinct types (serotype 1 and serotype 2), except for one strain (S1091), using an agglutination assay with rabbit antiserum, and serotype 1 was identified as the dominant type (24 of 29 isolates) in this study. To identify the characteristics of the two serotypes of S. parauberis, we conducted a biochemical test using the API 20 Strep kit, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, sequence analysis of 16S‐23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) and a pathogenicity test. In TEM, both serotypes possessed polysaccharid... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219866 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 10:18:09 +0100 5219866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5156905&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01288.x AbstractThe heat‐shock cognate 70 (HSC70) gene of humphead snapper, Lutjanus sanguineus, designated as ByHSC70, was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) with the primers designed from the known expressed sequence tag (EST) identified from the subtracted cDNA library of the head kidney of humphead snapper. The full‐length cDNA of ByHSC70 is 2313 bp, containing a 5′ terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 96 bp, a 3′ terminal UTR of 267 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1950 bp encoding a polypeptide of 650 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 71.21 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point (pI) of 5.08. ByHSC70 contained three classical HSP70 family signatures. BLAST analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of ByHSC70 had the highest similari... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5156905 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 10:40:35 +0100 5156905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5156906&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01286.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5156906 Sun, 21 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5156906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130217&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01283.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130217 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:15 +0100 5130217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130216&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01285.x In this study, we developed a Taqman quantitative PCR assay (qPCR) that targeted the RLO 16S rDNA sequence to examine the distribution of RLO relative to lesion status. We compared 18 lesion samples from 13 fish representing high or low lesion severity as judged by gross examination. QPCR results showed that there was a higher number of RLO sequences in high severity lesions (mean of 12 068 copies) compared with fewer copies of RLO sequence in low severity lesions (mean of 3287 copies, P = 0.012). Grossly normal skin samples (n = 13) from SD‐affected fish were all negative by qPCR except two samples (121 and 139 copies). The qPCR assay described herein is a useful tool to investigate the role of RLO in SD in the absence of a culture system for RLO. Our results demonstrate a pos... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130216 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:10 +0100 5130216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130215&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01284.x AbstractSerious infectious diseases, accompanied by macrophage‐dominated chronic inflammation, are common in farmed Atlantic cod. To increase knowledge relating to morphological aspects of such inflammatory responses, cod were challenged with Francisella noatunensis, an important bacterial pathogen of this fish species. Tissue and cell dynamics in the spleen were examined sequentially over 60 days. Small clusters of mainly macrophage‐like cells (MLCs) staining for non‐specific esterase and acid phosphatase developed with time. These foci were transiently infiltrated by pleomorphic proliferating cells of unknown nature and by granulocyte‐like cells (GCLCs) staining for peroxidase and lysozyme. The latter cell type, which appeared to be resident in the red pulp of control fish, mig... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130215 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:09 +0100 5130215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130214&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01281.x AbstractA marine fish cell line derived from the kidney of red‐spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, designated as EAGK was established and characterized. The EAGK cells multiplied well in Leibovitz’s L‐15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum at 25 °C and have been subcultured for more than 90 passages. Karyotyping, chromosomal typing and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genotyping analysis revealed that EAGK had a modal diploid chromosome number of 82 and was a fibroblast cell line originated from grouper. A severe cytopathic effect was observed in EAGK cells incubated with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), but not with soft‐shelled turtle iridovirus, viral nervous necrosis virus or spring viraemia of carp virus. SGIV replication was further confirmed by immunofluorescence, electron... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130214 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:04 +0100 5130214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130213&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01280.x AbstractThe possible importance of the O‐linked glycosylation in virion stability and infectivity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was analysed. Enzymatic treatment with O‐glycosidase of radiolabelled virions under different ionic conditions, to allow for possible alternative exposure of glycosidic enzyme cleavage sites, did not alter the specific infectivity of virions re‐isolated after rate‐zonal centrifugation in glycerol gradients. As an alternative method to assess the significance of carbohydrates in IPNV integrity, periodate oxidation in the presence of an aldehyde quencher was chosen. Following re‐isolation of viruses, a 3–5 10log‐unit reduction in specific infectivity was revealed and, at higher concentrations, a total disruption or virion aggregation w... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130213 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:02 +0100 5130213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130212&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01279.x AbstractVibrio anguillarum, also known as Listonella anguillarum, is the causative agent of vibriosis, a deadly haemorrhagic septicaemic disease affecting various marine and fresh/brackish water fish, bivalves and crustaceans. In both aquaculture and larviculture, this disease is responsible for severe economic losses worldwide. Because of its high morbidity and mortality rates, substantial research has been carried out to elucidate the virulence mechanisms of this pathogen and to develop rapid detection techniques and effective disease‐prevention strategies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge pertaining to V. anguillarum, focusing on pathogenesis, known virulence factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130212 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:01 +0100 5130212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5130211&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01287.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5130211 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 01:26:00 +0100 5130211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049096&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01276.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049096 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:53 +0100 5049096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049095&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01271.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049095 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:52 +0100 5049095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049094&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01275.x AbstractThe immune responses of mucus from the skin of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, were studied in relation to changing water temperature. Groups of fish were exposed to a programmed increase of 3 °C per 48 h, until the experimental water temperatures of 16, 20, 23, 25, 27 or 28 °C were reached. After 48 h at the relevant temperature, the expressions of immune‐related factors were determined, including immunoglobulin M (IgM), IL‐1β, hepcidin, transferrin, lysozyme, acid/alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase using RT–PCR and spectrophotometric methods. Significant changes in mucus immunity were observed, which paralleled with those previously reported for serum in other fish species. Hence, it is suggested that the serum and mucus immune system of turbot have a si... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049094 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:50 +0100 5049094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049093&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01274.x AbstractMegalocytiviruses have been associated globally with severe systemic disease and economic loss in farmed food fish and ornamental fish. The viruses have been spread internationally by translocation of live fish. In New Zealand, megalocytiviruses are regarded as exotic. A potential pathway for introduction has been identified, namely imported ornamental fish. In the present study, real‐time PCR assays were developed for detection of megalocytiviruses using a conserved major capsid protein gene. A SYBR green assay was developed to target all known megalocytiviruses. A second real‐time PCR assay using a molecular beacon was developed to specifically target gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus, iridovirus, a species of iridovirus previously linked to ornamental fish imports in Austra... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049093 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:49 +0100 5049093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049092&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01273.x AbstractLive and dead Atlantic salmon eyed eggs were challenged with eight different Saprolegnia isolates, selected because of their varied origins, known morphological characteristics and growth/germination pattern. Some isolates were also tested for pathogenicity to Atlantic salmon parr. Challenge of eggs was performed by exposure to spores in suspension or by co‐incubation of live eggs with infected dead eggs. The phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were evaluated in relation to their observed pathogenicity from the challenge experiment, to identify possible virulence factors leading to egg‐infection by Saprolegnia. The results from the experiments confirm that live eggs are refractory to infection with Saprolegnia spores in suspension and that an infection of live eggs can o... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049092 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:48 +0100 5049092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049091&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01272.x AbstractThere is limited information on antibiotic resistance determinants present in bacteria of aquaculture origin in Australia. The presence of integron and other resistance determinants was investigated in 90 Aeromonas isolates derived from nine freshwater trout farms in Victoria (Australia). Polymerase chain reaction was carried out for the detection of integrase genes Int1, Int2 and Int3, gene cassette array, integron‐associated aadA, sul1 and qac1 genes, streptomycin resistance genes strA‐strB, β‐lactamase resistance genes blaTEM and blaSHV, and tetracycline resistance genes tetA‐E and tetM. Clonal analysis was performed by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Class 1 integrons were detected in 28/90 (31%) and class 2 and class 3 in none of the strains, aadA gene in 1... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049091 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:47 +0100 5049091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049090&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01270.x AbstractThe AquaPathogen X database is a template for recording information on individual isolates of aquatic pathogens and is freely available for download (http://wfrc.usgs.gov). This database can accommodate the nucleotide sequence data generated in molecular epidemiological studies along with the myriad of abiotic and biotic traits associated with isolates of various pathogens (e.g. viruses, parasites and bacteria) from multiple aquatic animal host species (e.g. fish, shellfish and shrimp). The cataloguing of isolates from different aquatic pathogens simultaneously is a unique feature to the AquaPathogen X database, which can be used in surveillance of emerging aquatic animal diseases and elucidation of key risk factors associated with pathogen incursions into new water systems. An app... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049090 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:46 +0100 5049090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049089&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01277.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049089 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:45 +0100 5049089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049088&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01278.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049088 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:44 +0100 5049088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933093&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01269.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933093 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 22:59:36 +0100 4933093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933092&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01268.x AbstractAlthough the major capsid proteins (MCPs) of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) have been characterized, little is known about the host‐derived immune response to MCPs and other LCDV antigenic proteins. To identify antigenic proteins of LCDV that could be used as vaccine candidates in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, we analysed the viral proteins responsible for its virulence by applying immuno‐proteomics. LCDV proteins were separated by one‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and probed with homogeneous P. olivaceus antisera elicited by LCDV natural infection and vaccination with formalin‐killed LCDV. Four immune‐reactive proteins were obtained at 68‐, 51‐, 41‐ and 21 kDa using antisera collected from natura... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933092 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 22:59:35 +0100 4933092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933091&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01266.x This study investigates the spread of KHV to Taiwan by collecting 49 cases of suspected common carp and koi infections from 2003 to 2005 for analysis. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, increased respiratory movements and uncoordinated swimming. Hyperaemia, haemorrhage on body surface and necrotic gill filaments were recorded. Gill epithelial hyperplasia, necrosis and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed by histological examination, while virions were detected using transmission electron microscopy. By detecting the presence of the KHV thymidine kinase (TK) gene and the KHV 9/5 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 37 cases were identified as KHV‐positive, and the cumulative mortality of infected fish was 70–100%. Positive cases showed identical seque... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933091 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 22:59:34 +0100 4933091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933090&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01267.x AbstractLarge numbers of adult Nile crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti), died from pansteatitis during autumn and winter 2008 in the lower Letaba and Olifants River gorge in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Consequently, the health status of fish from these waters was investigated. The study presents the pathological findings in fish inhabiting these rivers within the boundaries of the Park. Changes typical of steatitis were diagnosed in many of the larger specimens of sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), caught within the Olifants River gorge. These fish carried large amounts of mesenteric fat with characteristic small brown granulomata within the adipose tissue. Necrosis and inflammation of the adipose tissues, with characteristic ceroid accumulation within t... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933090 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 22:59:31 +0100 4933090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882962&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01265.x This study investigates the effects of water temperature (T) on vaccine‐induced abdominal lesions (i.p. injection with oil‐adjuvant vaccine) and vertebral deformities in Atlantic salmon. Quadruple groups of vaccinated (V) or unvaccinated (U) underyearling smolts were reared in tanks under four different temperature regimes for 6 weeks in fresh water (FW) followed by 6 weeks in sea water (SW). The four different T regimes were 10 °C FW – 10 °C SW (10‐10), 10 °C FW – 16 °C SW (10‐16), 16 °C FW – 10 °C SW (16‐10) and 16 °C FW – 16 °C SW (16‐16). After the temperature regimes were finished, the fish were group‐tagged and transferred to a common sea cage for on‐growth until harvest size. At termination, weight was significantly affected by bot... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882962 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882963&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01261.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882963 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882964&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01264.x This study was carried out to clarify the role of wild fish, especially Baltic herring, Clupea harengus membras L., in the epidemiology of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in brackish water in Finland. Baltic herring with no visible signs of disease were collected from the Archipelago Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia and the eastern Gulf of Finland. In total, 7580 herring were examined by virus isolation as 758 pooled samples and 3029 wild salmonid broodfish as pooled samples during 2004–2006. VHSV was isolated from 51 pooled herring samples in bluegill fibroblast‐2 cells, but not in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. The majority of isolations were from the coastal archipelago and from fish caught during the spawning season. Based on glycoprotein (G) gene sequences, the virus was... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882964 Sat, 28 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4882964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4840494&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01263.x AbstractPenaeus merguiensis densovirus (PmergDNV) is currently present on several Queensland prawn farms culturing Penaeus merguiensis. Densoviruses have been linked to mortality and stunting that has caused significant financial loss to prawn farms in Asia. A histopathological study for PmergDNV was initially undertaken to compare broodstock to grow out factors from 60 broodstock animals from each of 22 ponds. There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.61) between the number of animals with PmergDNV lesions and healthy animals. Furthermore, a higher number of septic hepatopancreatic tubules was correlated (r = 0.48) to high PmergDNV loads. Hence, a polymerase chain reaction analysis of 10‐day‐old post‐larvae (PL) was conducted to determine whether PmergDNV in... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4840494 Thu, 19 May 2011 21:34:28 +0100 4840494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4840495&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01262.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4840495 Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4840495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788613&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01259.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788613 Fri, 06 May 2011 05:56:12 +0100 4788613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788612&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01258.x AbstractThe striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), once represented an important resource for fisheries in the St Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada). A restoration programme, involving captive propagation, was implemented with the objective of restocking the population, which had disappeared in the late 1960s. An unusually high rate of mortality was observed during the winter of 2006 in captive‐raised fingerlings that were originally collected from the Miramichi River (New Brunswick, Canada) the previous summer. Post‐mortem examinations revealed extensive granulomatous and hyperplastic peritonitis associated with numerous nematodes of the genus Philometra. Given the severity of the lesions, high intensity of infection by Philometra sp. was presumed to be the primary factor in the unusu... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788612 Fri, 06 May 2011 05:56:12 +0100 4788612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788611&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01257.x AbstractChronic ulcerative dermatopathy (CUD) also known as chronic erosive dermatopathy, hole‐in‐the‐head, head and lateral line erosion syndrome (HLLE) and lateral line depigmentation (LLD) is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology that affects the lateral line canals of the head and the trunk of various fish species. It has been described only in freshwater species although there are reports that it also affects marine fish. Here, we describe the disease in cultured sharpsnout sea bream using histology and scanning electron microscopy and identify several marine species as CUD sensitive. The results of this study correlate the development of the disease with the use of borehole water, indicating that the aetiology is probably associated with water quality rather than nutritional i... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788611 Fri, 06 May 2011 05:56:11 +0100 4788611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788610&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01256.x AbstractThe duration of efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of Caligus curtus infestations in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., was studied following an administration of 50 μg kg−1 for seven consecutive days. No lice were found on medicated fish when challenged 1 week (challenge 1) or 5 weeks (challenge 2) following termination of medication, whereas the mean abundance of lice among the unmedicated fish was 17.9 and 19.3 lice per fish in challenge 1 and 2, respectively. Muscle concentrations of 19.5 ± 8.2 ng g−1 and 3.4 ± 0.9 ng g−1, respectively, and skin concentrations of 23.1 ± 10.8 and 4.2 ± 1.0 ng g−1, respectively, were found 27 and 55 days following the termination of medication. Tissue concentrations and the duration of effic... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788610 Fri, 06 May 2011 05:56:10 +0100 4788610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788609&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01255.x AbstractAnglerfish from the genus Lophius are a globally important commercial fishery. The microsporidian Spraguea infects the nervous system of these fish resulting in the formation of large, visible parasitic xenomas. Lophius litulon from Japan were investigated to evaluate the intensity and distribution of Spraguea xenomas throughout the nervous system and to assess pathogenicity to the host and possible transmission routes of the parasite. Spraguea infections in L. litulon had a high prevalence; all fish over 403 mm in standard length being infected, with larger fish usually more heavily infected than smaller fish. Seventy percent of all fish examined had some gross visible sign of infection. The initial site of development is the supramedullary cells on the dorsal surface of the me... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788609 Fri, 06 May 2011 05:56:10 +0100 4788609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767666&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01260.x This study shows clear evidence that the indigenous trout‐associated microbiota may provide a defensive barrier against L. garvieae. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767666 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 12:38:44 +0100 4767666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4708891&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01252.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4708891 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 06:51:45 +0100 4708891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4708890&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01253.x In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of rifampicin‐resistant mutants from genomovar II strains. A total of 13 new mutants were obtained, and eight of them (two from each parent strain) were genetically and phenotypically characterized. Highly conserved regions within the ribosomal operons were identical between parent and mutant strains. Genetic differences between mutants and their parent strains were revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Genetic changes were distinctive among different mutants. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed that while some mutants lacked a few molecular bands of the LPS, some exhibited the same LPS profiles as their parent strains. Comparison between immunogenic proteins from mutants and parents was carri... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4708890 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 06:51:42 +0100 4708890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4708889&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01238.x AbstractSea lice, Caligus rogercresseyi, are ectoparasitic copepods, which severely affect the salmon farming industry in southern Chile, reducing the health status of fish and producing both direct and indirect economic losses. Local farmers have reported increasing infestation levels since 2004, reaching a peak in 2007. In response to this situation, the Chilean Fisheries Service (Sernapesca) developed a surveillance programme; the first step of which consisted of a general survey of salmon farms. This survey included documenting counts of parasite burdens on fish and measurements of several husbandry and environmental factors providing an evaluation of risk factors for the observed infestation levels. The information collected was analysed using a linear mixed model technique, which tak... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4708889 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 06:51:37 +0100 4708889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4708888&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01254.x In this study, an RTGE outbreak in north‐western Spain was investigated, and findings observed in diseased trout were compared with control fish. PAS stain and immunohistochemical assays with anti‐CD3ε and anti‐active caspase‐3 antibodies were performed. The results showed that CD3ε+ inflammatory infiltrates were present in the intestine of diseased trout both in the lamina propria–submucosa and within the epithelium. Moreover, an increased number of caspase‐3+ cells in the intestinal mucosa and also strong anti‐caspase‐3 immunoreactivity in desquamated cells in the gut lumen were observed. Changes in the number of goblet cells were also found, resulting in an increase or depletion of mucous cells depending on the severity of the intestinal lesions. These findings suggest... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4708888 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 06:51:34 +0100 4708888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631183&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01250.x In this study, the effect of biofilm formation on antimicrobial tolerance was examined using three bacterial isolates of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum and two antimicrobial agents, oxytetracycline and flumequine, commonly used in aquaculture. Planktonic and biofilm cells were exposed to a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), to a 3 × MIC concentration and to an environmental concentration level of each antimicrobial in 96‐well microtitre plates after which growth on agar plates was measured. The type strain NCIMB1947 of F. psychrophilum was further used to study the development of antimicrobial resistance in biofilm cells. The results suggest that at high bacterial densities (>107 CFU mL−1), biofilm cells of F. psychrophilum are less susceptible to ant... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631183 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 03:43:27 +0100 4631183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591198&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01251.x AbstractInfectious gill diseases of marine salmonid fish present a significant challenge in salmon‐farming regions. Infectious syndromes or disease conditions affecting marine‐farmed salmonids include amoebic gill disease (AGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and tenacibaculosis. Pathogens involved include parasites, such as Neoparamoeba perurans, bacteria, such as Piscichlamydia salmonis and Tenacibaculum maritimum, and viruses, such as the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV). The present level of understanding of these is reviewed with regard to risk factors, potential impacting factors, methods of best practice to mitigate infectious gill disease, as well as knowledge gaps and avenues for future research. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591198 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 22:58:20 +0100 4591198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591203&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01242.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591203 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591202&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01246.x AbstractMoritella viscosa is the causative agent of winter ulcer disease of marine fish. Knowledge of its pathogenicity is limited and there are no reports comparing the virulence properties of a collection of bacterial isolates. The in vivo and in vitro virulence of the extracellular products (ECP) of 22 M. viscosa isolates was screened. Two non‐virulent Canadian isolates and a Norwegian isolate with reduced virulence produced non‐lethal ECP. Correlation was obtained between cytotoxin and haemolysin production of M. viscosa. Isolates from salmon produced ECP with lower cytotoxic and haemolytic activities than ECP of isolates originating from other hosts. Correlation was not found between lethality of ECPs in salmon and cytotoxic or haemolytic activities. All isolates secreted este... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591202 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591201&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01247.x AbstractA new cell line, Indian Catfish Fin, derived from the fin tissue of Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, was established and characterized. The cell line grew well in Leibovitz’s L‐15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and has been subcultured more than 110 times since its initiation in 2007. The cells were able to grow at a range of temperature from 28 to 37 °C with optimal growth at 28 °C. The cell line predominantly consists of fibroblast‐like cells. The growth rate of fin cells increased as the FBS concentration increased from 2% to 20% at 28 °C with optimum growth at a concentration of 15% or 20% and poor growth at a concentration of 5%. The cells were found to be susceptible to fish nodavirus and IPNV‐ab and infection was confirmed b... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591201 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591200&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01248.x AbstractThe myxozoan genus Parvicapsula contains 14 species infecting fish, some of which are known to cause severe disease in farmed and wild salmonids. Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola infections were first reported from seawater‐reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Norway in 2002 and have since then been an increasing problem. The present study describes a Taqman real‐time PCR assay for specific detection of P. pseudobranchicola. The Taqman assay targets the 18S rRNA gene of P. pseudobranchicola and is able to detect as few as ten copies of the target sequence. Using the described assay, P. pseudobranchicola was detected in both farmed and wild salmonids, indicating that wild Atlantic salmon, sea trout, Salmo trutta, and Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus, may be natural hosts of t... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591200 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591199&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01249.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591199 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559750&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01240.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559750 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 21:26:10 +0100 4559750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559749&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01245.x AbstractFlavobacterium psychrophilum isolates, obtained from ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, three species of salmonids and two species of cyprinids in Japan, were used in this study. Bacteria were inoculated to serum prepared from ayu or red spotted masu trout (RSMT), Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae, and incubated at 18 °C for 24 h. All isolates (n = 19) from ayu grew well with a 9‐ to 116‐fold increase of CFU in ayu serum, while CFU decreased markedly in RSMT serum. In contrast, isolates (n = 17) from fish species other than ayu exhibited no growth in ayu serum, but some isolates from salmonids survived or grew (1.2–23.5 fold increase of CFU) in RSMT serum. The isolates that could not survive or grow in ayu and RSMT sera grew well in both heat‐inactivated sera of ayu and R... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559749 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 21:26:07 +0100 4559749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559748&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01241.x AbstractMass mortality events are relatively uncommon in commercially fished populations, but when they occur, they reduce production and degrade ecosystems. Observing and documenting mass mortalities is simpler than quantifying the impact on stocks, monitoring or predicting recovery, and re‐establishing commercial fishing. Direct survey measures of abundance, distribution and harvestable biomass provide the most tenable approach to informing decisions about future harvests in cases where stock collapses have occurred because conventional methods have been disrupted and are less applicable. Abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG) has resulted in high levels of mortality across all length classes of blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra Leach, off western Victoria, Australia, since May 2006. Comme... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559748 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 21:26:07 +0100 4559748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4521797&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01244.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4521797 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 01:35:01 +0100 4521797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477203&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01243.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477203 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 11:39:24 +0100 4477203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477206&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01236.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477206 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4477206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477205&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01237.x AbstractThe biochemical and cell surface characteristics of 63 non‐motile isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from various sources were compared using the API 20E rapid identification system and conventional phenotypic methods. Eight individual phenotypic groups from a variety of fish species were observed from the data set. Non‐motile isolates were not exclusively observed from serogroup O1; membership of biotype 2 was recorded for representatives from serogroups O2–O7. Variations in phenotypes highlights that new clonal groups are arising and that the current typing scheme requires expansion. Previously, it was hypothesized that disease was caused by a few virulent clones; data in this paper suggests that this assumption is not the case. The lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) type in the non�... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477205 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4477205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477204&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2011.01239.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477204 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4477204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459527&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01235.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459527 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:49 +0100 4459527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459526&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01231.x AbstractReal‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were developed to detect fish mycobacterial infections at the genus level, based on the RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene and polyclonal anti‐Mycobacterium rabbit serum, respectively. The PCR assay positively identified a number of pathogenic mycobacteria including Mycobacterium abscessus, M. avium ssp. avium, M. bohemicum, M. chelonae ssp. chelonae, M. farcinogenes, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum ssp. fortuitum, M. gastri, M. gordonae, M. immunogenicum, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. montefiorense, M. phlei, M. phocaicum, M. pseudoshottsii, M. salmoniphilum, M. senegalense, M. shottsii, M. smegmatis, M. szulgi and M. wolinskyi. A detection limit equivalent to 102 cfu g−1 was registered for M. salmon... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459526 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:49 +0100 4459526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459525&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01230.x In this study, all of the 26 strains of V. alginolyticus and only three of the 99 strains representing 30 species (including 19 Vibrio species) other than V. alginolyticus were able to grow in the VAL medium. The remaining three strains could be further differentiated from V. alginolyticus according to colour or the diameter of colonies produced on VAL agar plates. Colonies isolated from shellfish rearing water and infected shrimp through the use of VAL agar plates were all positively identified as V. alginolyticus by conventional tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. The testing of specificity and differentiation capability of VAL shows the potential of the agar as a medium for the primary isolation of V. alginolyticus from pathological and environmental samples. (Source: Journal of Fish Di... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459525 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:48 +0100 4459525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459524&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01229.x AbstractFrom mid‐2004 to mid‐2005, several grass carp, Ctenophayngodon idella (Valenciennes), showing evidence of spinal deformity were presented to the Aquatic Animal Health Program, Cornell University. The carp were from three separate locations in New York State. The first case involved several fish from a natural body of water in the Catskill Mountain region of south‐eastern New York State. The second was a single affected individual from a private pond in the Fingerlakes region of Central New York State. The third was a single individual from the Cold Springs Harbor Fish Hatchery, Cold Springs Harbor, Long Island. All fish were at least 7 years of age. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the deformities to be of bony origin. The spinal deformities were char... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459524 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:47 +0100 4459524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459523&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01228.x AbstractStreptococcus phocae is an emerging pathogen for Chilean Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, but the factors determining its virulence are not yet elucidated. In this work, cell surface–related properties such as hydrophobicity and haemagglutination, adhesion to mucus and cell lines, capsule detection, survival and biofilm formation in skin mucus and serum resistance of the isolates responsible for outbreaks in Atlantic salmon and seals were examined. Adhesion to hydrocarbons and the results of salt aggregation tests indicated most of the S. phocae were strongly hydrophobic. All isolates exhibited a similar ability to attach to the Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells line, but were not able to enter CHSE cells. Haemagglutination was not detected. Our data clearly indicate that S. phoc... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459523 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:47 +0100 4459523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459522&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01227.x AbstractInfections with betanodavirus affect a wide range of wild and farmed fish species throughout the world, mostly from the marine environment. The aim of this work was to develop and validate real‐time RT‐PCR assays for sensitive and specific detection of nodavirus in diseased or carrier fish. The new detection assay was used to study the transmission and development of nodavirus infection in juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), challenged by different routes, and also to screen for nodavirus in various farmed fish species. On average, the sensitivity was 10–100 times higher than a standard RT‐PCR, and the assay was able to detect asymptomatic carrier fish that otherwise could have been classified as free of infection. Clinical signs of nodavirus infection were reprod... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459522 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:46 +0100 4459522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459521&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01226.x AbstractA series of recent reports have implicated bacteria from the family Francisellaceae as the cause of disease in farmed and wild fish and shellfish species such as Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., tilapia, Oreochromis spp., Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., three‐line grunt, Parapristipoma trilineatum (Thunberg), ornamental cichlid species, hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis and, recently, a shellfish species, the giant abalone, Haliotisgigantea Gmelin. The range of taxa affected will very probably rise as it is likely that there has been considerable under‐reporting to date of these disease agents. In common with other Francisella species, their isolation and culture require specialized solid and liquid media containing cysteine and a source of iron. This likely re... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459521 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:53:45 +0100 4459521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445484&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01232.x This study also indicates a low iron acquisition efficiency of F. psychrophilum, compared to other examined bacterial fish pathogens. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445484 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445483&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01233.x AbstractThe 16S–23S intergenic spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA from ten independent isolates of Streptococcus iniae and one reference strain ATCC29178 were sequenced, aligned and used to design a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for rapid and specific detection and identification of S. iniae. This primer set amplified a 377‐bp DNA fragment specifically from S. iniae, but not from other common bacterial pathogens of fish or from non‐fish pathogens. The PCR conditions were optimized to allow detection of the organism from agar, broth culture or infected fish tissue. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was established by the detection of DNA as low as 0.02 ng or as few as 10 CFU bacterial cells. The establishment of the specific PCR assay provides a useful tool for the ident... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445483 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445482&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01234.x AbstractA comparative challenge study of six marine isolates representing subtypes 1–6 of salmonid alphavirus (salmon pancreas disease virus, Genus Alphavirus, Family Togaviridae) was conducted in Atlantic salmon in a fresh water cohabitation trial. Histopathological lesions typical of pancreas disease were observed with all subtypes, and virus was re‐isolated from serum of cohabitant fish in each case. Using a virus neutralization (VN) test neutralizing salmonid alphavirus (SAV) subtype 1 strain F93‐125, VN antibodies were detected in all challenge groups, consistent with serological cross‐reactivity between these subtypes. Using real‐time RT‐PCR, SAV RNA was detected in heart tissue from 2 to 3 weeks post‐challenge (wpc) in all cohabitant groups excluding controls. The re... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445482 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4360560&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01218.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4360560 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:43:32 +0100 4360560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4360559&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01224.x The objective was to gain knowledge of the potential for these systemic iridoviruses to gain entry into the EU via international trade in ornamental fish. A total of 208 pooled samples, representing 753 individual fish, were tested. The samples included 13 orders and 37 families, originating from different countries and continents. Tissues from fish that died during or just after transport were collected and examined by standard virological techniques in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells, by transmission electron microscopy and by PCR for the detection of the major capsid protein and DNA polymerase gene sequences of ranaviruses. Virus was isolated from nine fish species but ranavirus was not identified in those samples. The results suggest that ranaviruses are not highly prevalent in orn... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4360559 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:43:32 +0100 4360559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4360558&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01223.x We describe lesions associated with a seemingly intense infection of trypanorhynch plerocerci (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in the gastric wall of a female cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Myliobatiformes: Rhinopteridae) captured in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Grossly, the multitude of encapsulated, encysted plerocerci imparted a bumpy and cobbled appearance to the serosa of the stomach, and none was observed in any other tissue during routine parasitological necropsy. Histologically, the plerocerci were associated with severe intramural granulomatous gastritis, vascular ectasia and mesothelial polyposis with the exclusion of the mucosa. To our knowledge, this is the first published case study documenting platyhelminth‐associated histopathological changes in the gastrointes... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4360558 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:43:31 +0100 4360558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4360557&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01222.x AbstractLernaeocera branchialis, a copepod crustacean parasite of gadoids, represents a potential threat to both wild and farmed cod, Gadus morhua. The pathological changes associated with the early stages of experimental infection have previously been reported in detail, and this article describes the lesions associated with later chronic stages of experimental infection. Chronic infection is characterised by extravascular granuloma formation and proliferation of fibrovascular tissue around intact and fragmented, degenerate parasites within both the gill arch and cardiac region. The majority of parasite granulomas are located within connective tissues of the gill arch or pericardium; however, low numbers are present within the wall of large vessels. The intraluminal parasites and thrombi ... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4360557 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:43:30 +0100 4360557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4360556&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01221.x AbstractMud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal), is the most commercially important marine crab species in China. In recent years, serious diseases have occurred in major mud crab culture regions in SE China. PCR detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in diseased mud crabs collected from Zhejiang Province during 2006–2008 showed a prevalence of 34.82%. To study the pathogenicity of WSSV to mud crab, healthy mud crabs were injected intramuscularly with serial 10‐fold dilutions of a WSSV inoculum. The cumulative mortalities in groups challenged with 10−1, 10−2, 10−3 and 10−4 dilutions were 100%, 100%, 66.7% and 38.9% at 10 days post‐injection, respectively. All moribund and dead mud crabs except the control group were positive for WSSV by PCR. Based on the viral load of the... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4360556 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:43:29 +0100 4360556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4360555&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01225.x AbstractPreviously, we demonstrated that a representative M genogroup type strain of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from rainbow trout grows well in rainbow trout‐derived RTG‐2 cells, but a U genogroup type strain from sockeye salmon has restricted growth, associated with reduced genome replication and mRNA transcription. Here, we analysed further the mechanisms for this growth restriction of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells, using strategies that assessed differences in viral genes, host immune regulation and phosphorylation. To determine whether the viral glycoprotein (G) or non‐virion (NV) protein was responsible for the growth restriction, four recombinant IHNV viruses were generated in which the G gene of an infectious IHNV clone was replaced by the G gene of U‐... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4360555 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 21:43:28 +0100 4360555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330584&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01220.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330584 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4330584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271983&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01214.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271983 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 12:22:27 +0100 4271983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271982&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01217.x AbstractCultured black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, suffered mass mortalities during winter 2008 and spring 2009 in Korea, showing clinical signs of ulcer lesions and haemorrhages over their body surface. The aetiological agent was identified as Aeromonas salmonicida (strains RFAS‐1, ‐2 and ‐3), which is a non‐pigmented, slow‐growing bacterium. Phenotypes of RFAS strains showed variation, while 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, dnaJ and recA gene sequences of all the strains were affiliated to A. salmonicida. In particular, vapA gene sequences of the strains were most closely related to one of the five subspecies of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida (=KCCM 40239T). LD50 values of RFAS‐1 for intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection were 1.5 × 105.25 and 1.5 × 106.4 cfu/rockf... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271982 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 12:22:24 +0100 4271982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271981&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01206.x AbstractOpercular anomalies are very frequent in reared gilthead sea bream and these can negatively influence the product value. Field observations have suggested that opercular malformations can recover over time. In order to verify this hypothesis, 140‐day‐old gilthead sea bream with monolateral opercular anomalies were divided into three groups, according to the type and increasing seriousness of the opercular malformations, and another group was composed of fish with bilateral opercular anomalies. All groups were monitored for 16 months. In the group with monolateral anomalies, the opercular recovery process was documented by morphological (stereomicroscope) and morphometric analysis. For the latter analysis, two relevant areas, A and T, were identified in the cephalic region. Th... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271981 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 12:22:23 +0100 4271981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271980&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01215.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271980 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 12:22:21 +0100 4271980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264983&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01216.x We report the first isolation of KHV from koi and common carp in Indonesia and initial characterization of the isolates. Clinical signs, histopathology and virion morphology are similar to those of isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analyses using the thymidine kinase gene amplified from each isolate and from carp tissue samples collected from KHVD outbreaks throughout Indonesia indicated that the Indonesian isolates are more closely related to the Asian than the European KHV lineage. Sequence analysis of two other variable regions between ORF29 and ORF31 (marker I) and near the start of ORF 133 (marker II) indicated that all Indonesian isolates displayed a marker I allele (I++) previously identified only in isolates of the Asian lineage. However, in the marker II region, all Indo... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264983 Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4264983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4264982&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01219.x This study evaluated the influence of toxic cyanobacterial water blooms on the blood indices of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Experimental fish were exposed to a natural population of cyanobacterial water blooms (mainly Microcystis aeruginosa and M. ichthyoblabe), which contained microcystins [total concentration 133–284 μg g−1 (DW), concentration in water 2.8–7.4 μg L−1]. Haematological indices showed marked changes in fish exposed to the cyanobacterial population in comparison with the control group. Statistical evaluation of the influence of cyanobacterial water blooms on biochemical indices of the juvenile carp showed a distinct decrease in albumin, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus and iron when compared to co... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4264982 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4264982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224755&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01207.x This study compares two alternative indices for quantifying the gross pathology of the swimbladder of eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), infected with the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus. Two observers recorded twice the scores obtained by the two indices on the same set of 71 wild caught eels (from elver to silver eels, French Mediterranean lagoons). The Length Ratio Index (LRI), performed better than the Swimbladder Degenerative Index (SDI), in three of four predefined criteria of decision. First, the LRI better correlated with an estimate of the swimbladder volume reduction, a functional consequence of the infection (representativeness). Also, the LRI was less prone to subjectivity (inter‐observer variability) and more precise (intra‐observer variability), although less easy to generat... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224755 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224754&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01208.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224754 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224753&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01209.x AbstractGill‐associated virus (GAV) was found to be associated with decreased prawn, Penaeus monodon, production when prawns from three farms (n = 45 ponds, 1800 prawns) were monitored for GAV over the production season using a graded RT‐nPCR. The grading system used was a visualization of either the outer or inner nested PCR products. Prevalence and loading of GAV were associated with disease severity. Ponds with a higher initial prevalence and a larger increase in GAV load over the production period suffered disease outbreaks. Ponds with low initial prevalence of GAV but a larger increase in prevalence and large increase in load over the production period suffered chronic disease with no disease outbreak identified, yet low production. However, the ponds with moderate to low in... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224753 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224752&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01210.x AbstractProcedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between naïve herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included removal of the left pectoral fin from a euthanized fish, inoculation of the fin with >105 plaque‐forming units (PFU) mL−1 VHSV for 1 h, rinsing the fin in fresh medium six times to remove unadsorbed virions, incubation of the fin in fresh medium for 4 days and enumeration of the viral titre in a sample of the incubation medium by plaque assay. The optimized VREFT assay was effective at identifying the prior exposure his... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224752 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224751&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01211.x The objective of this study was to determine the differences in disease resistance against artificial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila between genetically different common carp families. Four strains differing in their origin and breeding history were selected from the live gene bank of common carp maintained at the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI, Szarvas, Hungary) to establish families with wide genetic background: Szarvas 15 (15), an inbred mirror line; Tata (T) scaly noble carp; Duna (D), a Hungarian wild carp and Amur (A), an East Asian wild carp. A diallele mating structure was used to allow the assessment of genetic variation within and between the tested 96 families for a variety of traits. The existing technologies of fertilization and incubat... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224751 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224750&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01212.x AbstractStudies were conducted to determine the cause of high mortalities of cultured half‐smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Gross signs of disease included loss of appetite, erratic swimming, and haemorrhages on the head, opercula and base of fins, dorsal fin rot, swollen abdomen filled with ascitic fluid and herniation of the intestine. Histological examination of the liver showed focal areas of necrosis and extensive haemorrhages. Virtually pure, dense bacterial cultures were obtained from liver, kidney and spleen tissues, and high pathogenicity of the isolates to tongue sole was confirmed. The phenotypic characteristics of the isolates including morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were determined. The 16S rRNA and gyrB genes of the isolates were sequ... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224750 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4224749&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01213.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4224749 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4224749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189795&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01205.x AbstractPiscidins are potent, broad‐spectrum, host‐produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that appear to constitute the most common AMP family in teleost fish. Here, we show that piscidin 2 has potent activity against the water mould Saprolegnia, one of the most important pathogens of freshwater fish. The minimum oomyceticidal concentration (MOC100) of piscidin 2 against zoospores of three pathogenic isolates of Saprolegnia ranged from 12.5 to 25.0 μg mL−1. This piscidin concentration is well within levels that have been estimated to be present in at least some fish (1–32.5 μg mL−1). In the presence of either copper or malachite green, two drugs commonly used to treat water moulds, there was evidence for partial synergism (PSYN) with piscidin 2. There was also evidence ... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189795 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:11 +0100 4189795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189794&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01204.x AbstractEdwardsiella tarda is a causative agent of edwardsiellosis in freshwater and marine fish. Extracellular enzymic, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities, haemagglutination, autoagglutination and siderophores of high‐ and low‐ virulent E. tarda strains were examined. The results revealed different haemagglutination, autoagglutination, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities in different strains. Analysis of extracellular proteins (ECPs) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) demonstrated several major, low molecular weight, virulent‐strain‐specific proteins, which could be virulence‐related. Based on the database search with MALDI‐TOF MS data, the closest homologies of the three protein bands Ed1, Ed2 and Ed3 were phosphotransferase enzyme fa... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189794 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:11 +0100 4189794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189793&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01197.x This study demonstrated a convenient immunological tool that can be used for the direct detection of A. hydrophila and Aeromonas infections in a complex sample without the requirement for separation of the bacteria or isolation and biochemical tests. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189793 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:10 +0100 4189793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189792&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01201.x In conclusion, the study suggests that Vo is not a risk factor for the development of inflammation‐related spinal deformities. At the same time, we found evidence that localized injection‐related processes could trigger the development of vertebral body malformations. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189792 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:09 +0100 4189792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189791&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01202.x AbstractMycobacteriosis in fish is a chronic progressive ubiquitous disease caused by Mycobacterium marinum, M. gordonae and M. fortuitum in most cases. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and distribution of lesions in 322 freshwater ornamental fish across 36 species. Granulomatous inflammation was diagnosed by gross examination and histopathology testing in 188 fish (58.4%); acid‐fast rods (AFR) were determined in only 96 (51.1%) fish from 19 species after Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The most often affected organs with AFR were the kidney (81.2%), digestive tract (54.1%), liver (48.2%), spleen (45.9%) and skin (21.2%); sporadically, AFR were found in the branchiae (9.4%) and gonads (4.7%). In 14 randomly selected fish originating from four different fish tanks, the dis... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189791 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:08 +0100 4189791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189790&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01203.x AbstractMass mortality of cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, has recently been reported from fish farms in western Japan. Previous studies revealed that diseased fish were characterized by encephalomyelitis and presporogonic stages of a myxosporean‐like parasite in the spinal cord. However, the parasite has remained unidentified because of the lack of mature stages being present. Thus, in the present study, analysis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) of the parasite as well as in situ hybridization (ISH) studies using histological sections of the infected tissue was conducted. The 18S rDNA of the myxosporean had higher sequence similarities with those of bile‐duct‐infecting myxosporeans rather than those infecting nervous tissues and was identified as Myxobolus s... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189790 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:07 +0100 4189790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189789&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01200.x This study was undertaken to quantify the relative WSSV load in shrimp exposed to ammonia, using a TaqMan‐based real‐time PCR, and their subsequent susceptibility to WSSV. Shrimp were exposed to different levels of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) (8.1, 3.8 and 1.1 mg L−1) for 10 days and challenged with WSSV by feeding WSSV‐positive shrimp. WSSV was detected simultaneously in haemolymph, gills and pereopods at four hours post‐infection. The TaqMan real‐time PCR assay showed a highly dynamic detection limit that spanned over 6 log10 concentrations of DNA and high reproducibility (standard deviation 0.33–1.42) and small correlation of variability (CV) (1.89–3.85%). Shrimp exposed to ammonia had significantly higher (P < 0.01) WSSV load compared to the positive contr... Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189789 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:06 +0100 4189789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040219&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01199.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040219 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 22:08:35 +0100 4040219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040218&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01194.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040218 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 22:08:35 +0100 4040218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040217&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01192.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040217 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 22:08:34 +0100 4040217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040216&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01195.x Abstract (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040216 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 22:08:33 +0100 4040216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040215&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01190.x Abstract (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040215 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 22:08:33 +0100 4040215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040214&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01189.x Abstract (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040214 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 22:08:32 +0100 4040214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012280&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01198.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012280 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 21:31:41 +0100 4012280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998416&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01191.x Abstract (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998416 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 21:52:05 +0100 3998416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3986603&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01186.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3986603 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 10:35:27 +0100 3986603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3986602&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01187.x Abstract (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3986602 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 10:35:27 +0100 3986602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3986601&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01193.x Abstract (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3986601 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 10:35:25 +0100 3986601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3986600&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01196.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3986600 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 10:35:24 +0100 3986600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998417&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01188.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998417 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3998417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899034&cid=s_38743_98_f&fid=38743&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2761.2010.01185.x (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases) Journal of Fish Diseases journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899034 Wed, 25 Aug 2010 09:25:39 +0100 3899034