MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Food Biochemistry' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 01:30:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657497&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2012.00615.x (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657497 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5605058&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00641.x In this study, the compositions and antioxidant activities of the extracts derived from γ‐irradiated cumin seeds in comparison with nonirradiated ones will be achieved. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5605058 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5605058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557181&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00581.x This study has shown that Z. piperitum essential oil can be used to control the growth of several foodborne pathogens. It is anticipated that Z. piperitum essential oils and its components may have greater potential as food preservatives. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557181 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557180&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00585.x ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the β‐glucosidase activity of radicles, hypocotyls, cotyledons and epicotyls of soybeans (Glycine max) grown in the presence and absence of light and to obtain an alternative source of β‐glucosidase. Seeds were germinated in the presence and absence of light at various time points, and the radicles, epicotyls, hypocotyls and cotyledons were separated. The enzymatic activity in the epicotyls presented the highest activity at 144 h in the presence of light. Specifically, the enzymatic activity of the epicotyls was sixfold higher than that of radicles and 12‐fold higher than that of cotyledons. Interestingly, the specific activity of hypocotyls and cotyledons was 4.02‐fold and 5.17‐fold lower than that of epicotyls after 144 h o... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557180 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557179&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00587.x ABSTRACTIn the present study, the free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of inflorescence and stem core of plantain (Musa sapientum) were evaluated in terms of total phenolic content, 1,1 diphenyl‐2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA), superoxide RSA, metal chelation and total reducing power, and the results were compared with the standard antioxidants like gallic acid, trolox and butylated hydroxy anisole. The results from the present study showed that the methanolic extracts of plantain inflorescence and stem were able to effectively scavenge the free radicals. The plantain flower and stem samples showed promising metal chelating (IC50– 204.9 and 417.4 µg/mL, respectively), DPPH radical scavenging (IC50– 186.5 and ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557179 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557178&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00593.x This study is of benefit in the manufacture of novel cheese with traditional orient food to meet with the taste of Chinese people.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThis research is focused on the influence of sesame protein and calcium ions on the properties of fresh cheese. In recent years, cheese has become increasingly popular in China and its market has increased more than 50% year upon year. To further promote cheese consumption, its nutritional benefits have been emphasized and various efforts have been made to promote cheese and to make it more acceptable to Chinese tastes. The addition of typical Chinese food ingredients into cheese could provide sensory familiarity to local consumers, and at the same time could also help to improve nutritional balance. The result of this research is of great v... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557178 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557177&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00594.x ABSTRACTThe acceptability and marketability of hard‐to‐cook (HTC) bean has reduced. Protein isolates from HTC bean were hydrolyzed with one of two sequential enzymatic systems: Alcalase‐Flavourzyme or pepsin‐pancreatin. These hydrolysates were fractionated into five peptide fractions (>10, 5–10, 3–5, 1–3; and <1 kDa) using an ultrafiltration membrane system. Fraction angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50) and antioxidant activities (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC]) were measured: the <1 kDa fractions exhibited the highest values for both activities. These fractions were further purified by gel chromatography in a Sephadex C‐50 column (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), producing 11 peptide fractions (F0‐F10) from each <1 kDa fr... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557177 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557176&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00596.x In this study, for the first time, fermentation of apple juice using lactic acid bacteria was shown to have relevance in managing hyperglycemia and hypertension using in vitro models. This approach was also shown to have potential to inhibit stomach ulcer relevant bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Further, we also established that fermented extracts will not inhibit the beneficial intestinal lactic acid bacteria. This research provides biochemical rationale for further in vivo studies based on the in vitro enzyme assay models used in this study. Further, this study can provide biochemical rationale for the development of fermented food design strategies that can have potential to reduce hyperglycemia linked to type 2 diabetes and related chronic diseases. This research also provides new appro... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557176 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557175&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00597.x In this study, the effect of this plant on the oxidative stabilities of food was investigated as compared with the synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin (EQ) under accelerated oxidative stress. Headspace oxygen consumption, formation of primary and secondary oxidation products, and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity, were used as the parameters. Oxidative stabilities of food increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with addition of WP, revealing potent antioxidant activities of WP for stabilization of food over a long storage period. Our results suggested that the synergistic action of the phytochemicals may be contributing to the improved oxidative stabilities. According to these results, WP, a commonly consumed herb, can be used as an alternative to synth... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557175 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557174&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00598.x This study can help interested readers to take further insight into the application of PEF and the improvement of antioxidant activities. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557174 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557173&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00602.x ABSTRACTThe interest for new and emerging meats is rapidly growing. Ostrich meat has many nutritional and functional properties that make it superior to other types of meats. The purpose of this research was to evaluate changes in physicochemical and functional properties of ostrich meats (m. iliofibularis) and beef (longissimus dorsi) during storage at −18C. Results showed that Warner–Bratzler shear force values, colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*), pH and water‐holding capacity significantly decreased by increasing storage time. Nitrogen solubility index increased after 3 months and decreased thereafter. Buffering capacity, emulsifying capacity, emulsifying stability, foaming stability and cooking loss increased during 6‐month storage. Slight changes in sodium dodecyl sulfate�... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557173 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557172&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00606.x The objective of this work is to explore the potential application of kelp for treating hyperlipidemia. It is showed that the kelp could regulate to the normal level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein in the models. It also could enhance the activity of the lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase to change the oxidative stress. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557172 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557171&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00607.x ABSTRACTCells of three strains of Listeria monocytogenes, one a reference strain ATCC 19115 and two strains isolated from meat, were cold shocked at refrigeration (+4C) and freezing (−20C) temperatures during one night. Then, their fatty acids were extracted and their composition identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that low thermal adaptation response of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 was different from that of the two recent food isolates L. monocytogenes. The three experimented strains showed a decrease of anteiso‐C17:0 and an increase of anteiso‐C15:0 rates. In addition, after freezing, the cellular fatty acids were detected as a signature of the membrane changes that give rise to such authenticity. The structural modification seems... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557171 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557170&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00614.x In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of different solvent extracts of S. cumini leaves were investigated. Extraction was done sequentially in Soxhlet apparatus, using various solvents (petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone and water). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and reducing capacity assessment. Total phenol and flavonoid content was also measured. The antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion method against some of the tested foodborne, pathogenic and skin disease causing microorganisms. The acetone extract had more total phenol content and more antioxidant activities, conforming to the hy... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557170 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557169&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00622.x ABSTRACTTo identify suitable conditions for converting pectin covalently (and ionically) attached in the cell wall of Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis) fruit into water extractable pectins, the cell‐wall preparation (alcohol‐insoluble solids [AIS]) was boiled for up to 4 h in the presence or absence of citric acid (1–4%, w/v). During the heat treatment, the Na2CO3‐soluble and chelator (trans‐1,2‐cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid)‐soluble pectin decreased and the water‐soluble pectin increased dramatically. The presence of citric acid accelerated this change, and at higher concentrations, the reaction progressed faster. However, smaller increases in water‐soluble pectin and a remarkable decrease in hemicellulose were observed when the AIS was boiled with 4% citric... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557169 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557168&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00623.x ABSTRACTThe effects of both the irrigation regimes (50% evapotranspiration [ETc], 75% ETc and 100% ETc) and the growing area on the quality of Chétoui virgin olive oil obtained from an intensively managed orchard in a semi‐arid and arid area with a Mediterranean climate in Tunisia were evaluated. The quality, determined using the usual parameters for virgin olive oils (acidity and peroxide value), was slightly affected by irrigation in the north, and more significatively in the south. Irrigation positively affected fruit weight (86.1% of variability) in all cases. Growing area exhibited a more important effect on the fatty acid profile (96.3% of variability) than the irrigation management (1.8% of variability). Total phenols and bitterness intensity strongly differed: the different irri... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557168 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550506&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00577.x In this study, by forming the inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, the solubility of dihydromyricetin in water increased from 0.74 to 53.64 mg/mL. The physicochemical properties of the complex were analyzed by ultraviolet‐visible spectrometry, infrared spectrometry and X‐ray diffractometry. The result showed that dihydromyricetin in the complex had been completely dispersed in the hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin matrix, not forming a new compound. The thermogravimetric analysis showed the thermal decomposition of dihydromyricetin could be delayed by forming the inclusion complex. And the stability of dihydromyricetin in water against heat was greatly enhanced. It was found that the complex was an effective scavenger of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radica... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550506 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550505&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00582.x ABSTRACTThe extracts of two native berries from the Jeju Island of Korea were used to assess polyphenolics and flavonol levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like enzyme activity, free radical scavenging activity, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cell viability, protective effects against H2O2‐induced cow pulmonary artery endothelium (CPAE) cell cytotoxicity and inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation. The total content of the flavonols and phenolic compounds in the leaves was higher than the fruit for both berries. In the free radical scavenging and SOD‐like enzyme assay, all extracts showed strong antioxidative effects. The CPAE viability was greatly reduced and the survival rate was near 37% when the cells were treated with 1.... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550505 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550504&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00583.x ABSTRACTThe activities of polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, β‐glucosidase, β‐xylosidase and protease were determined using solid media in 420 wild non‐Saccharomyces cider strains identified by internal transcribed spacer‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. The identified species corresponded to Hanseniaspora valbyensis, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora osmophila, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Candida parapsilosis and Pichia guilliermondii. The most common activity exhibited was that of β‐glucosidase (33%), with all the analyzed species having some strains able to develop this activity. Strains of M. pulcherrima showed the greatest capacity to produce β‐glucosidase and protease. β‐xylosidase was detected in 17 yeast strains belonging to the genera Hanseniaspora, Pich... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550504 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550503&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00584.x In conclusion, the SFE extracts of buds have the potential value as an antibiotic substitute based on the in vitro antimicrobial assay. In addition, this study also provides a best SFE extraction condition to obtain high purity and yield of bioactive substances from C. cassia.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCinnamon has been used as a preservative and for medicinal purposes for a long time in the East. The present study investigates the antibacterial activity of the alcohol and supercritical fluid extracts prepared from Cinnamomum cassia against the clinical antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. Following the bioassays including minimum inhibitory concentration determination, synergistic effect, time‐killing curve, scanning electron microscopy observation and spectrophotometric analysis, the results i... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550503 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550502&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00590.x ABSTRACTThis research investigates the effects of bovine colostrums and their protein hydrolysates on human mononuclear cell (MNC) growth, on the secretion of cytokines (interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α) as well as nitric oxide, and on the growth inhibition of human leukemic U937 cells. The results indicate that the colostrum hydrolysates obtained by porcine small‐intestinal enzymes (PIS) exhibit more significant inhibitory effect on U937 cell growth than do the caseins (PIC) and the whey (PIW) hydrolysates (PIS 57.45%, PIC 42.58% and PIW 48.47% at 1,000 µg/mL). The greatest growth index of MNC, up to 1.43, was achieved by a treatment of PIS at 300 µg/mL for 3 days. The cytokines (IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ) secretion of MNC by a treatment of P... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550502 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550501&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00591.x We examined the potential anti‐inflammatory role of C. abrotanoides fruits (Carpesii fructus) on the suppression of NO and PGE2, and the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide‐induced macrophage cells. Carpesii fructus‐extract fractions may be useful as a functional food material and an alternative medicine for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550501 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550500&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00599.x ABSTRACTHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) has an important nutritional value comprising a rich variety monounsaturated fats and vitamins, with a good level of dietary fiber and a high content of minerals. In the present work, phenolics in the aqueous systems were extracted from 15 different dry Turkish hazelnut kernels without skin, cultivated in Ordu province of Turkey, with 80% (v/v) MeOH/H2O. The aqueous methanolic extracts of hazelnut kernels and of oil samples were examined for their phenolic contents (Folin‐Ciocalteau), total antioxidant capacities (TAC) (CUPRAC and ABTS/persulfate) and antiradical activities (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, DPPH). The individual free phenolic constituents (mainly phenolic and hydroxycinnamic acids) found in hazelnut kernels were also identified ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550500 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550499&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00600.x ABSTRACTThe partial replacement of nitrite by Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) and its antioxidant effect were evaluated by two standard methods (peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS, values). Also, samples' color stability was evaluated by L*, a* and b* values, Hue angle and ΔE(2–30). The antimicrobial properties of the essential oil were assessed against Escherichia coli (MICs and MBCs, 0.130 and 0.259 mg/mL) and Clostridium perfringens (MICs and MBCs, 0.453 and 0.906 mg/mL) bacteria. The results showed that samples with 20 and 40 ppm of the essential oil had lower peroxide and TBARS values than the control (P < 0.05). ΔE(2–30) of samples with 40 and 60 ppm replacement were significantly lower than control sample. The sensory scores s... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550499 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550498&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00603.x In this study, we fermented sea tangle (FST) using Lactobacillus brevis BJ20, and its protective effect against the ethanol‐induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague‐Dawley rats was evaluated. Administration of ethanol to rats for 3 weeks induced liver damage with significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde level and decrease in glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, pretreatment of rats with FST inhibited the ethanol‐induced oxidative stress in liver by suppressing the lipid peroxidation, and maintained the levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as glutathione. Further, FST markedly decreased the lipid peroxidation in many vital organs such as kidney, heart, microsome, mitochondria, testis and spleen of ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550498 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550497&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00604.x ABSTRACTPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) was purified from Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers. by using Sepharose 4B‐L‐tyrosine‐p‐amino benzoic acid affinity column. Optimum pH and temperature of purified PPOs of L. piperatus were found to be 7.0 and 20C, respectively, by using catechol as a substrate. The enzyme retained 100% of its original activity at 4C and its optimum pH value for 24 and 72 h. L. piperatus PPO was also quite stable at 20C after 4 h incubation. The Km and Vmax values were calculated as 1 mM and 25 U/mg protein, respectively. Ascorbic acid was found to be the most potent inhibitor for the enzyme. The mushroom PPO was an effective biocatalyst in the selected organic solvents such as dichloromethane, heptane and toluene when using catechin as a substrate. All data ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550497 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550496&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00605.x ABSTRACTThe oxidative stability during storage of fish pâté made from cod and enriched with 5% oil was investigated. Pâtés were produced with neat fish oil, pre‐emulsified fish oil, microencapsulated fish oil, inert medium chain triacylglycerol (MCT) oil or a fish/rapeseed oil mixture. Addition of fish oil decreased the oxidative stability. Fish pâté with microencapsulated fish oil or MCT oil did not oxidize, whereas oxidation was slower in fish pâté with pre‐emulsified oil compared with fish pâté with neat oil. Packaging in vacuum did not decrease oxidation. Fish pâtés with emulsified oil stored at 2 or 10C were equally stable. Mixing fish oil with rapeseed oil before emulsification slightly increased the stability of the fish pâtés. Addition of antimicrobial agents, sod... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550496 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550495&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00609.x ABSTRACTThe present study investigated Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. – a less‐explored Balkan endemic plant. The purpose was to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of alcohol extracts derived from the leaves of H. rhodopensis Friv. by applying reliable methods. The phenolic concentration in the examined extracts, calculated as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g leaf dry weight (DW), ranged from 99.03 to 151.24 mg GAE/g DW. The results from the total phenolics assay and the antioxidant activity tests were significantly correlated. The methanol and 70% ethanol extracts, which had the highest total phenolic content values (151.24 and 150.67 mg GAE/g DW, respectively), ranked the highest radical scavenging activity according to the 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ et... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550495 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550494&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00610.x ABSTRACTIn the present study, various solvent fractions were prepared from the root of Smilax china (Liliaceae), which was collected during the autumn, and their radical‐scavenging activity and several antioxidant activities were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fractions exhibited the highest antioxidant activities in all assays. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest amount of total phenolics (401.62 mg/g). High‐performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that catechin and epicatechin were the predominant phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction. Consequently, our research presented that the ethyl acetate fraction has the strongest antioxidant activities, which are correlated with its high level of phenolics, particularly catechin and epicatechin. Therefo... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550494 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550493&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00611.x In conclusion, DAGM seems to be a good candidate for enhancing the bioavailability of DAG.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSWith the advantage of enhancing the bioavailability of active compounds, microemulsion is widely used as a delivery vehicle for actives in pharmaceutics. However, the application of microemulsion technology in common foods has not been prevalent. Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is an edible and functional oil, the beneficial effects of DAG oil have been shown on both animal and human studies. We have prepared a microemulsion containing DAG oil and investigated the bioavailability of DAGM. Compared with DAG oil, DAGM showed the advantage of high absorption of DAG. The results obtained here could provide a new application of DAG oil in food industry. Furthermore, in the case of achieving ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550493 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550492&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00612.x ABSTRACTAfter methanol extract (CUP‐2) with intestinal immune system‐modulating activity through Peyer's patch was prepared from Citrus unshiu peel, CUP‐2C‐2–2 was purified by solvent partitioning, silica gel 60 and Sephadex LH‐20 chromatographies (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden). Ultraviolet‐visible spectral, 1H/13C‐NMR, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry analyses suggested that CUP‐2C‐2–2 was identified to flavonoid glycoside (5,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxyflavone linked by glucose) with molecular weight of 725 Da. When the active chloroform layer (CUP‐2C) fractionated from CUP‐2 was orally administered in mice, the potent activity was observed on the fifth day of 2.0 g/kg body weight/day (1.59‐fold of the saline control). Granulocyte‐macropha... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550492 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550491&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00613.x ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential capability of an alcalase‐hydrolyzed corn protein and fractions with different molecular mass (Mm) to facilitate alcohol metabolism by activating hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Results showed that corn peptide (CP) fraction with Mm fewer than 1,000 Da (CP < 1,000) exhibited the highest activity to activate ADH in vitro. The fraction administration (200 mg/kg body weight) with Mm fewer than 5,000 Da (CP < 5,000) demonstrated maximum ability to decrease blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in mice. There was a 45.1% reduction in BAC compared with that of the control group. Moreover, there was a strong linear relationship between BAC elimination rate and hepatic ADH activation rate (r = 0.9961). CP's potent ca... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550491 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534620&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00555.x ABSTRACTThe antioxidant, angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and functional properties of egg white protein hydrolysate (EWPH) prepared by papain under different concentrations and pH were investigated. The antioxidant activity of EWPH increased with increasing concentration and decreased at the alkaline pH value (P < 0.05), while pH did not affect the ACE inhibitory activity of EWPH (P > 0.05). Hydrolysis significantly enhanced the functional properties of egg white proteins (P < 0.05). EWPH had an excellent solubility (>93%) over a wide pH and possessed interfacial properties (emulsifying and foaming properties), which were governed by the concentration and pH. These results suggest that EWPH may be useful ingredients in food and nutrac... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534620 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534619&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00556.x This study can help interested readers to take further insights into naringinase from A. niger and set strong base for the production and industrial applications of the β‐D‐glucosidase, which is useful to debitter citrus juice and produce medical ingredients. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534619 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534618&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00558.x In this study, fruits from nine different genotypes were investigated for their in vitro antichemotactic activity, their antioxidant activity and their total polyphenolic content. The extract showed similar antichemotactic and antioxidant activities and had substantially different total polyphenolic contents. The samples were also investigated for antiedematogenic and antioxidant activity in animal models. The total extract of uvaia exhibited significant dose‐related anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg b.w.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThe species Eugenia pyriformes Cambess is one of the most important species of the Eugenia genus. It is a small bushy tree (5–15 m tall) that is cultivated in the southern part of Brazil. In order to find a potential application for... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534618 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534617&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00560.x ABSTRACTIn the present study, Monochoria vaginalis leaf and root extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory property. Antioxidant property was estimated using 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiozoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) disodium salt +, metal ion chelating activity, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power, superoxide anion radical scavenging, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl, nitric oxide radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum and hydrogen peroxide assays. Among these assays, leaf ethanolic extract showed maximum radical scavenging activity in ABTS•+, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide assays. Meanwhile, the leaf hot water extract showed highest inhibition of free radicals in metal ion chelating assay. Commendable antioxidant activity was also found in leaf a... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534617 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534616&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00564.x In this study, antioxidant properties of the various extracts of Hyoscyamus reticulatus were investigated by seven different chemical assays. The results of the present study may be important as an indication of pharmacological and food processing utility of the plant. H. reticulatus can be considered as a source of both natural antioxidants and lauric acid in food industry and pharmacological applications. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534616 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534615&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00571.x In this study, hot pepper seeds were evaluated as a new source of antioxidant and anticancer agents and as a functional material from agricultural waste. Pepper seed extract showed relatively low antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content but exerted profound antiproliferative effects on tumor cells, even at low concentration. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534615 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534614&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00574.x In this study, phenolics content, vitamin C content, carotenoids content and hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in vitro of loquat fruits (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) were investigated. The results showed that loquat fruits are valuable resources of antioxidants such as phenolics, vitamin C and carotenoids. A major contribution of total antioxidant activity was due to hydrophilic antioxidant activity. Phenolics could be the major contributor to hydrophilic antioxidant activity, while carotenoids and other compounds may be the major contributors to lipophilic antioxidant activity. We believe that these results may provide theoretical basis for utilization of loquat fruits as the potential source of natural antioxidants. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534614 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534613&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00575.x ABSTRACTPlants contain natural antioxidant constituents such as phenolic compounds, which have attracted a great deal of public and scientific interest because of their health‐promoting effects as antioxidants. A high‐performance liquid chromatography procedure for separating 15 polyphenols was used for the determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. Sequential hydrolysis of the pericarp showed that phenolic acids can be released by hydrolyzing the mangosteen pericarp under basic or acidic conditions; however, the former was more efficient in the release of phenolic acids than the latter. The base hydrolyzed fraction also showed to be the most potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger compared with acid hydrolyzed fraction or unhydrolyzed... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534613 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534612&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00578.x This study indicates the protective effect of pineapple peel extract against alcohol‐induced oxidative stress.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPineapples are readily available in the tropics and subtropics almost all seasons. It can be grown in marginal conditions, with a minimum input cost. Fruits are used for human consumption as well as raw materials for most juice industries. However, its peels are not being utilized, thereby leading to a waste management problem. Utilization of the peels for medicinal purposes will therefore reduce the cost of waste management and also be of tremendous benefit to the medical world in the management of various ailments. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534612 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534633&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00557.x ABSTRACTThe ultraviolet (UV) protective effects of aqueous herb extracts from Latin America such as Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), Chancapiedra (Phyllanthus niruri L.) and Huacatay (Tagetes minuta) were assessed by using the UV light‐induced cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast model. UV radiation–mediated oxidative stress promoted cell death of S. cerevisiae by inducing breakdown of its energy metabolism. The addition of high‐phenolic herb extracts (61–103 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dw) prior to UV treatment protected yeast from UV‐induced oxidative stress and delayed death. This effect appeared to be related with the high free radical scavenging activities shown by all extracts (91%). Insights into the UV protective mechanisms of Yerba Mate extract in yeast model... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534633 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534632&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00559.x ABSTRACTHarvested “Yujinxiang” melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits were treated with 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 µL/L 1‐methylcycopropene (1‐MCP) for 24 h at 20 ± 1C and then stored at 10 ± 1C, 70–80% RH. Results showed that 1.0 µL/L 1‐MCP was the most effective treatment in delaying decline of the melon firmness during storage for 20 days. Decay development and ethylene production of the fruit were suppressed by 1‐MCP during storage for 24 days. Fructose and glucose contents and the sweetness index increased in the 1‐MCP‐treated melon. The 1‐MCP treatment increased activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase; stimulated a rapid accumulation of glutathione; and lowered hydrogen peroxide level in the melon. These beneficial eff... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534632 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534631&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00561.x ABSTRACTOur aim was to investigate the effect of naringenin on hyperlipidemia induced by ethanol. Groups 1 and 2 rats received isocaloric glucose and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); groups 3 and 4 received 20% (6 g/kg body weight p.o.) ethanol everyday for 60 days. Groups 2 and 4 rats received naringenin (50 mg/kg body weight/day in 0.5% CMC) everyday during the last 30 days of the experiment. There were increased levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and tissue TC, TG, FFA, HMG CoA reductase and alterations in collagen content of ethanol‐fed rats, which on naringenin supplementation showed decreased levels of plasma and tissue TC, TG and FFA, HMG CoA reductase and ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534631 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534630&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00562.x ABSTRACTPoultry viscera protein hydrolysate (PVPH) was fractionated using ultrafiltration membrane into three peptide fractions viz. Fractions I (>10 kDa), II (3–10 kDa) and III (<3 kDa) with yield of 13.4, 18.4 and 66.6%, respectively. Antioxidant activity of PVPH and its fractions was determined in terms of radical‐scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power (RP), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and antioxidant activity index (AAI). PVPH exhibited excellent RSA and TAA at peptide concentration of 0.2 and 2.0 mg/mL, respectively. It also showed RP value as 0.4, and AAI as 500 after 100 min at peptide concentration of 9 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. Scavenging of 2, 2′‐azinobis (3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6 sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radicals by Fraction III was ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534630 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534629&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00563.x ABSTRACTCure appearance development (CAD) of sliced fresh‐pack cucumber pickles causes loss of appearance of freshness, which limits market‐life. Objectives of this study were to determine differences in hydration characteristics of alcohol‐insoluble substances (AIS) and proteins between noncured and cured mesocarp tissues from sliced pasteurized pickles, and the effects of protease on CAD. CAD began close to the placenta and proceeded toward sliced tissues, which were the last to lose white appearance. The rate and total amount of water absorption by AIS from cured mesocarp were substantially greater than that from mesocarp without CAD. CAD increased protein solubility and reduced the protein size indicating involvement of proteolysis. Treatment of fresh mesocarp tissues by pepsin s... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534629 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534628&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00567.x In this study, the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities of the shoots, roots and seeds methanol extracts from N. sativa were studied. The three organs exhibited strong antioxidant activity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method and a cell‐based assay. Furthermore, the seeds hexane fraction (SHF) of the methanol extract showed significant anti‐inflammatory activity, inhibiting nitric oxide release with an IC50 value of 6.20 µg/mL in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The SHF was found to be active against A‐549 lung carcinoma cells and DLD‐1 colon carcinoma, with IC50 values of 31.0 and 63.0 µg/mL, respectively, as well as against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534628 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534627&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00568.x ABSTRACTMethanol (MeOH) extracts, infusions and decoctions of eight plants were investigated for their antioxidant activity using phosphomolybdenum and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assays: Cassia angustifolia (Senna tea), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Pimpinella anisum (anise), Laurus nobilis (laurel), Tilia vulgaris (linden tea), Urtica dioica (nettle), Petroselinum crispum (parsley) and Anethum graveolens (dill). The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity was found in MeOH extract of linden. Linden MeOH extract also contained the highest amount of phenolic compound. The antimicrobial activities of MeOH extracts, infusions, decoctions and hydrosols were tested against eight bacteria and two yeasts using the agar diffusion method. Correlations between the phenolic conte... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534627 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534626&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00569.x ABSTRACTThe release of some phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids) from peach, plums, prunes, walnuts and tomatoes using an in vitro model simulating oral‐gastro‐hepato‐pancreatic digestion has been investigated. Most of phytochemicals are extracted during the oral phase, and the amount of bioaccessible polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins increased during gastric digestion in all the analyzed fruits. The transition in the hepatopancreatic environment caused a decrease in total polyphenols, whereas flavonoids (except anthocyanins) were not degraded. In most of the tested fruits, the hepatopancreatic digestion did not affect the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids except in walnuts, for which this phase caused an important release of both of them.... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534626 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534625&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00572.x ABSTRACTA dose of 0.5 kGy of gamma radiation in combination with low temperature storage (4C) helped in extending the shelf life of two Indian litchi (Litchi chinensis) cultivars (“Shahi” and “China”) up to 28 days. However, during storage, pericarp browning in litchi was observed. Hence, in the current study to understand the mechanism of pericarp browning, total phenolics and the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were evaluated. The PPO activity and phenolics were found to be higher in “China” than in “Shahi,” whereas POD and PAL activities were higher in “Shahi.” PPO and phenolics played a major role in the pericarp browning. Radiation treatment increased the PAL activity and hence the level of total phen... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534625 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534624&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00573.x In this study, ultrasonic treatment was used to effectively delay the pericarp browning of harvested litchi fruit. This prospective technique will be helpful to solve the problem of litchi browning from another angle and substitute the chemical approaches of antibrowning to prolong the storage life and control the decay of litchi. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534624 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534623&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00576.x ABSTRACTBitter leaf is a popular vegetable commonly consumed and which has been employed in traditional medicine for the prevention/management of diabetes and hypertension for centuries in the tropical Africa. However, possible mechanism underlining its hypoglycemic and antihypertension is not clear. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of free and bound phenol extracts of bitter leaf on key enzymes linked to type‐2 diabetes (α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase) and hypertension (angiotensin‐I converting enzyme [ACE]). The free and bound phenol extracts significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activities in vitro in a dose‐dependent pattern (4–16 µg/mL). However, the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extract... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534623 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534622&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00580.x ABSTRACTThe effects of n‐propyl gallate (nPG) on postharvest ripening of tomato have been studied. Mature green (MG) stage tomatoes were harvest and treated with 0.5 mM nPG at 25 ± 1C for 12 h. Following the nPG treatment, fruit ripening was delayed by at least 7 days. Cyanide‐resistant respiration and ethylene production were suppressed significantly at the first 7 days. nPG treatment decreased levels of H2O2 and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and chemicals, particularly for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The decreases of flesh firmness and total chlorophylls were inhibited, and the production of soluble sugars and lycopene were suppressed by nPG either. Alternative oxidase (AOX) and cyanide‐res... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534622 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534621&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00592.x ABSTRACTComposition and properties of fresh bigeye snapper fish (Priacanthus hamrur) mince has been investigated. The protein content of fish mince was 16.71 g/100 g mince. Amino acid analysis revealed high proportion of glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and leucine. Fatty acid profile indicated high proportion of eicosa pentaenoic acid and decosa hexaenoic acid content. Gel filtration profile of total proteins from fresh bigeye fish mince revealed a major peak (high molecular weight component) and a few minor peaks, which was further confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern. The differential scanning calorimetry profile of fresh bigeye fish mince revealed transitions at 38.35, 47.72 and 63.02C indicating denaturation temperature of different prote... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534621 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534662&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00520.x In this study, the antioxidant activities of hot‐water extract from cultured mycelia of Armillaria mellea were assessed in different in vitro systems. The extract showed strongly inhibitory effect on microsomal liposome oxidation with an inhibition rate over 85% at 1.0–2.0 mg/mL. The extract was effective in scavenging superoxide radical in a concentration dependent fashion with IC50 value of 1.03 mg/mL whereas that in scavenging abilities of hydroxyl radical was 0.66 mg/mL. 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydracyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extract reached more than 77.2% at the concentrations of 4–8 mg/mL. Moreover, phenanthroline‐copper complex‐mediated chemiluminescent emission of DNA damage was both inhibited and delayed by the extract. The extract at 1.25�... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534662 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534661&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00521.x In conclusion, lycopene presumably prevents the formation and development of atheromatous plaque.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe hypothesis tested in the present study was that high dietary intake of lycopene is protective against peroxidation products (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and against increased levels of serum lipids, and serum lipoproteins with or without H2O2 treatment. With or without H2O2 treatment, lycopene lowered MDA, a major lipid peroxidation product, moderately in serum but markedly in the liver. Hydrogen peroxide consumption elevated liver and serum MDA levels similarly among all treatments, but induced no increase in serum MDA for the lycopene group, which indicated a stronger protection against lipid peroxidation by lycopene treatment. The present findings indicated that the inta... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534661 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534660&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00522.x ABSTRACTIn recent years, there has been intense interest in the potential health benefits of dietary derived plant polyphenols and antioxidants. A new variety of Prunus salicina, Queen Garnet plum (QGP), was developed as a high anthocyanin, high antioxidant plum, in a Queensland Government breeding program. Following consumption of 400 mL QGP juice (QGPJ; 1,117 mg anthocyanins) by two healthy male subjects, QGP anthocyanins (cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside) were excreted mainly as methylated and glucuronidated metabolites in urine (0.5% of the ingested dose within 24 h). Furthermore, QGPJ intake resulted in a threefold increase in hippuric acid excretion (potential biomarker for total polyphenols intake and metabolite), an increased urinary antioxidant capacity... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534660 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534659&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00525.x ABSTRACTIn this work, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of the marine algae Halimeda monile were assessed and the levels of some of its compounds likely to be responsible for such properties were determined. The estimated contents of total polyphenols, chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids were 179.5, 356.3, 452.8 and 42.2 µg/g dry weight seaweed, respectively. The presence of terpenoids and flavonoids was also observed. The antioxidant activity of two polar fractions from H. monile (lyophilized aqueous extract and free phenolic acid fraction) was evaluated using three antioxidant assays: ferric reducing antioxidant power, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and lipid peroxidation. Treatment of CCl4‐induced liver damage in rats with extracts resulted in lower serum thiobarbit... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534659 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534658&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00526.x ABSTRACTThe isomerization and decay of β‐carotene in thermal oils were monitored using high‐performance liquid chromatography and UV–vis spectroscopy (UV). For the first time, the effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, oil type and antioxidants on the stability of β‐carotene were systematically investigated by first‐order kinetics. Isomerization of all‐trans‐ to cis‐isomer was a dominating reaction in the initial period (about 3 h for 140–180C). Lower temperature and oil with more unsaturated fatty acids gave positive effects on the β‐carotene stability, whereas the dissolved oxygen slowed the decay rate at several conditions (150–180C of soybean oil, 140–180C of peanut oil and 140–150C of ODO). The antioxidants significantly protected β‐carotene only w... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534658 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534657&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00529.x ABSTRACTWe have evaluated the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of the water extract of Mume Fructus by applying various in vitro assays. We have determined total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical (OH•), superoxide radical (O2‐•) and nitrite scavenging activities, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and reducing power activity. The extract exhibited high scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals with the IC50 of 0.40, 0.36, 1.75 and 1.60 mg/mL, respectively. The extract also showed nitrite scavenging and reducing power activity in a dose‐dependent manner. It inhibited 69.42% of linoleic acid oxidation at t... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534657 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534656&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00531.x ABSTRACTThe protective effects of aqueous extracts of the fruit rind of Garcinia indica (GIE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in rats. GIE (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) and the reference drug silymarin (100 mg/kg) were administered orally for 10 days to rats treated with CCl4 for 7 days. GIE and silymarin elicited significant hepatoprotective activity by attenuating the CCl4‐elevated levels of serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and malondialdehyde, and restoring the CCl4‐depleted levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in liver. GIE 800 mg/kg demonstrated greater hepatoprotection than GIE 400 mg/kg. The present findings indi... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534656 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534655&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00532.x In this study, we isolated and localized FEH by ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation, analyzed the fructan enzymolysis products by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and ion chromatography, and determined FEH activity by measuring changes of reducing sugars via 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid assay. We further characterized the hydrolysis site of FEH and effects of temperature, pH level, ionic strength and substrate concentration on its activity. Results showed that FEH was present in the 0–20% ammonium sulfate fraction. Analysis of the hydrolysis product by both TLC and ion chromatography suggested that FEH was an excision enzyme. The optimum conditions for FEH activity were 45C, pH 5.5, ionic strength of 1.5 M (sodium chloride) and substrate concentration of 4 mg/mL.PRACTICAL APPLI... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534655 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534654&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00533.x This study can provide useful information for the application of AITC in food product formation. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534654 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534653&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00534.x This study aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the inhibition of lettuce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and on the loss of phenolic compounds in fresh‐cut lettuce during storage. The results indicated a competitive inhibition of lettuce PPO in the presence of GSE. Browning of fresh‐cut lettuce was also monitored during storage. Addition of GSE prevented the loss of lightness in lettuce. Loss of phenolic compounds was measured during the enzymatic browning process by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Protecatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid and phloridzin were identified in lettuce. Degradation of phenolic compounds followed first‐order kinetic pattern during storage. Synergistic effects of GSE in combination with ascorbic acid (... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534653 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534652&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00535.x ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of Fusarium solani pisi cutinase‐mediated synthesis of short‐chain alkyl esters in organic solvent (iso‐octane) media was evaluated. A five‐level, four‐variable Central Composite Rotatable Design was employed. The parameters, chain length of alcohols and acids, alcohol and acid concentration, and the response (esterification yield and initial rate) were evaluated. The cutinase displayed an esterification yield above 95% for the C4–C6 acid and alcohol chain length with an optimal substrate concentration between 100 and 180 mM. Although an increase in acid and alcohol chain length resulted in a decrease of initial rate of reaction, the yield remained high (94% for the synthesis of butyl octanoate).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSShort chain alkyl esters are very... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534652 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534651&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00536.x The objective of the present research was to investigate the effects of pile‐fermentation of pu‐erh tea on the antioxidant activity. The main results support the hypothesis that pu‐erh tea with appropriate pile‐fermentation degree could enhance the antioxidant activity. The results are very useful to further investigate the antioxidant component in pu‐erh tea, and will help control the processing techniques and improve the health‐care function of pu‐erh tea. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534651 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534650&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00537.x ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the different extracts from Arum dioscoridis seeds (methanolic, acetone and hexane extracts) and to correlate their antioxidant potential to the composition of phenolic compounds. The scavenging ability of free radicals was measured using β‐carotene–linoleic acid model system and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) analysis and the IC50 values of the extracts were also determined. The methanolic extract of A. dioscoridis seeds showed greater antioxidant activity than acetone and hexane extracts by β‐carotene–linoleic acid model system and DPPH· analysis, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of major phenolic compounds were also performed. The main antioxidant compound from the met... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534650 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534649&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00538.x The objective of this research was to demonstrate inhibition of plant(s) polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.10.3.1) using inhibitor(s) from the extract of German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Crude cockroach extract inhibited apple PPO activity 60–70% and potato PPO 15–25%. Inhibition occurred rapidly in the reaction mixture and was dependent on the pH of the system. The inhibitor(s) appear(s) to be large based on ultrafiltration studies and loss of inhibition with proteases.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAn extract from German cockroach appears effective in inhibiting browning on apples and potatoes. Successful identification of inhibitor(s) of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from German cockroach would be useful to the fruit and vegetable segments of the food industry, due to the losses they incur from... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534649 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534648&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00539.x ABSTRACTPeanut skins are a good source of polyphenols, which are a major source of dietary antioxidants. Therefore, the consumption of whole peanut seeds, including the skin, has been recommended by nutritional authorities. Here, the polyphenol contents of the skins of 22 experimental line, varying in skin color, and four Israeli cultivars were examined. The total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC) contents and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of isolated skins were measured. Whereas significantly high correlation coefficients were found among the TPC, TFC and AOC, no significant correlations were found between any of these factors and skin color. On the other hand, TAC was significantly correlated with skin color. Our results clearly indicate that the AOC of peanut s... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534648 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534647&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00540.x This study investigated the purification and characterization of POD from fresh‐cut Z. latifolia. Results showed that heat treatment and/or chemical dip (L‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine and ascorbic acid) might be suitable techniques for inhibiting browning and lignification of the fresh‐cut Z. latifolia. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534647 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534646&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00542.x ABSTRACTChemical compositions of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation and microwave extraction systems from sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), winter savory (Satureja thymbra L.) and mint (Mentha spicata L.) were determined with gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Carvacrol (38.72 and 34.03%), thymol (17.15 and 14.36%) and p‐cymene (12.26 and 18.32%) were determined in high concentrations in the savory oil extracted by both microwave and hydrodistillation extraction systems. The most important ones for rosemary were 1,8‐cineole, camphene and borneol. The main components of essential oil of sage obtained by both methods were 52.96 and 51.25% 1,8‐cine... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534646 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534645&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00543.x This study offers another aspect of scientific evidence for silymarin on development of hepatoprotective agents. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534645 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534644&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00544.x This study analyzes the lipid profile and phospholipid compositions of the body wall of A. japonicus, and compares the fatty acid compositions between phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The results could provide some useful information in the nutritional value of lipids for the exploitation of A. japonicus as a valuable functional and health food. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534644 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534643&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00545.x ABSTRACTCabbage is a rich source of a number of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, glucosinolates and their breakdown products, which may have antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. This investigation was undertaken to estimate the effect of using water and different organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone and methanol at various concentrations on the total polyphenols, antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of Irish York cabbage. Water has the highest extraction yield of 3.85%, whereas 60% methanolic extract has the highest content of total polyphenols (33.5 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram [dried weight, dw] of extract) and flavonoid (21.9 mg quercetin equivalents per gram [dw] of extract). A concentration‐dependent antioxidative capacity was confi... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534643 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534642&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00546.x ABSTRACTAnimal products enriched with n‐3 fatty acids (FA) are receiving increasing interest because of the health benefits attributed to these FA. However, responses to the intake of enriched products with different n‐3 fatty acid sources have not been properly assessed. Rabbits were fed a pelleted diet simulating a meat‐based adult human diet. The meat fatty acid profile was steered by feeding pigs a diet with linseed or fish oil. Significant changes in the fatty acid profile of different tissues and blood were found in the rabbits. During the experiment, the total cholesterol (TC)/high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio decreased and the TC/low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) ratio increased in the fish oil pork group, while for the linse... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534642 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534641&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00547.x ABSTRACTThe present study envisaged the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential role of polysaccharide fraction of Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea polysaccharide fraction [PPFt]) against streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) diabetes in experimental animals. After 3 weeks of oral treatment with PPFt (25 and 50 mg/kg), significant dose‐dependent reduction in blood glucose, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and subsequent increase in total reduced glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in the diabetic animals. Enzymatic antioxidant defense, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced after STZ administration and concomitant administration of PPFt significantly reversed the levels of these enzymes near to normal val... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534641 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534640&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00548.x ABSTRACTA genetically modified (GM) pepper containing the gene for the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) coat protein (CP) was investigated to assess the proteolytic behavior and simulated digestion in the stomach and small intestine. CMV‐CP expressed in GM pepper and in Escherichia coli exhibited the molecular mass of about 25 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The three internal peptides of CMV‐CP in E. coli BL21 (VLSQQLSR, LLLPDSVTEYDKK and DDALETDELVLHVDIEHQR) were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, and seven peptides (VLSQQLSR, PTINHPTFVGSER, LLLPDSVTEYDKK, FDSTVWVTVRK, LLYDLSAMRA, RKYAVLVYSK and VLHVDIEHQR) of CMV‐CP in GM pepper were verified by the analysis. CMV‐CP expressed in GM pepper was completely degr... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534640 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534639&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00549.x ABSTRACTLipids from different body components (head, meat and waste) of three commercial varieties of Indian marine fishes‐Pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) and Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) were analyzed for lipid class distribution and fatty acid profile. Total lipid (TL) content was in the range of 4.3–13.6% (wet weight basis [wwb] ) in head, 2.53–10.97% (wwb) in meat and 2.7–15.1% (wwb) in waste. The highest TL was in sardine waste (14.1%). Among all the body components of different fishes, neutral lipipids (NL) were higher in head (83.2–89.2%). Fatty acid composition revealed higher concentration of palmitic acid among the saturated fatty acids in TL of all the fishes, irrespective of the body components. In case of uns... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534639 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534638&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00550.x ABSTRACTThe effect of packaging treatments on the attributes of commercial fresh chorizo sausages during chilled storage was studied. Four different types of commercial packaging were tested, namely, overwrapping, vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging using 20%CO2/80%N2 (CO2/N2) or 30%CO2/70% argon (CO2/Ar). Characteristics of product were evaluated through pH levels, microbial growth, biogenic amines (BAs) formation, and sensory analysis. The sausages had high levels of lactic acid bacteria and total viable counts, which increased slightly (P < 0.05) on day 7 and then stabilized until the end of storage, without differences (P > 0.05) between lots. Except for spermidine and spermine, BA levels in the product were generally low. BA increased gradually over the st... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534638 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534637&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00551.x In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the pretreatment of CP at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw showed a significant protective effect to alleviate CCl4‐induced hepatocellular injury, and the hepatoprotective effect was due to the CP's antioxidant capability and high Fischer's ratio.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere is an ever‐increasing need of an agent that could protect liver from various damages. Therapies developed along the principles of Western medicine are often limited in efficacy, carry the risk of adverse effects and are often too costly, especially for the developing world. Corn peptides (CPs) were obtained from corn gluten meal, which was the by‐product of corn industry. It will broaden the application and increase the value of corn gluten meal. CPs, especially those with l... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534637 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534636&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00552.x In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and melanin synthesis inhibitory properties of gamma‐irradiated laminarin. Antioxidant activities as measured by ferric‐reducing antioxidant potential values and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity were found to be greater in irradiated laminarin than in nonirradiated laminarin. However, nonirradiated and irradiated laminarins did not exhibit significant differences in β‐carotene bleaching assays. Moreover, inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis in B16BL6 melanoma cells was increased by gamma‐irradiated laminarin. The content of reducing sugars in laminarin was found to increase with increased irradiation doses. These results and the molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography indicate... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534636 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534635&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00553.x ABSTRACTAlbumin from wheat bran was subjected to proteolysis. Molecular weight profile and particle size distribution were analyzed in the hydrolysates, which were later assayed in both crude extracts and surfaces of apple mesocarp in order to test their effect on polyphenol oxidase activity and enzymatic browning; the latter measured as L*, hue° and chroma*. Both the electrophoretic pattern and the size distribution showed, upon the hydrolysis, the appearance of aggregates with higher molecular weight than albumin. Polyphenol oxidase in crude extracts of apple was inhibited up to 40% by hydrolysates in a mixed way. The application of hydrolysates to mesocarp resulted in the impartment of a slight brownish color to the tissue and there were significant differences on L*, hue° and chroma*... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534635 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534634&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00554.x This study provides further in vitro evidence for inhibition by apple extracts of alpha‐glucosidase and alpha‐amylase for potential antihyperglycemia benefits and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity for associated antihypertension potential. This was investigated in peel and pulp aqueous and ethanol extracts from 10 different long‐term stored apple cultivars. “Red Delicious” and “Cortland” cultivars had significantly higher total phenolic content and inhibitory antioxidant capacity, with high correlation between both assays. Quercetin derivatives, catechin, chlorogenic acid and p‐coumaric acid were detected, and the composition and amount varied significantly between aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Red Delicious cultivar had high alpha‐amylase and alpha‐gl... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534634 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502155&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00518.x ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 0C and intermittent conditioning (IC) on the quality of two late season non‐melting peach cultivars (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Jesca and Evaisa). In this work, not only chilling injury, but also chemical composition, pigment content, oxidative enzyme activity, color and sensory quality, were evaluated periodically. The results showed that the overall quality of the peaches was better preserved under CA storage alone than with IC added. Peaches could be successfully stored under CA (5% CO2 and 10% O2) for up to 45 days. IC (24 h at 20C every 6 days) induced significant undesirable changes in these types of peach cultivars, increasing polyphenoloxidase activity, giving r... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502155 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502154&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00523.x In this study, the HPP effectively retarded the growth of M. morganii and K. pneumonia contributing to BA formation and also inhibited the development of off‐flavors such as DMA and TMA in semi‐dried squid. Therefore, the HPP can be applied for ensuring microbiological safety and extend shelf life of semi‐dried squid during refrigerated storage. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502154 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502153&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00524.x ABSTRACTLactic acid fermentation of a group B oleanane triterpene saponin extract with Lactobacillus rhamnosus enzyme preparations changed the typical soyasaponin phytochemical profile. After 60 h, 2,3‐dihydro‐2,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (DDMP)‐conjugated saponins were reduced and soyasaponins I, III and the group B soyasaponin aglycone were increased. A novel metabolite was detected high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS‐ESI) with a molecular weight of 254. Specifically, DDMP saponins (βg, βa, γg, γa) were reduced after 1 h and soyasaponin βg and γa reduced to trace levels at 1 h and βa at 24 h while γg was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with a percentage reduction of 64.1% at 6... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502153 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502152&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00527.x In this study, biological activities of enzymatic hydrolysates from Laminaria japonica were evaluated. The enzymatic hydrolysates exhibited various biological activities against antioxidant, anti‐acetylcholinesterase and anti‐inflammation. These results suggested that the enzymatic hydrolysates from L. japonica can be used as potential ingredient for functional food and/or pharmaceuticals. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502152 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502151&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00528.x ABSTRACTTo discover natural compounds with antilisterial potential, we investigated an ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Poncirus trifoliata Rafin., and isolated imperatorin and limonin. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against some Listeria monocytogenes strains and found to possess potential antilisterial activity against L. monocytogenes American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 19116, 19111, 19166, 19118 and 15313) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15.62 to 62.5 µg/mL. The scanning electron microscopic studies also demonstrated that imperatorin and limonin caused morphological changes of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19116 at the MIC value, along with the potential effec... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502151 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5605057&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00646.x ABSTRACTChemical indices, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of extracts of bran of medicinal rice – Njavara “black glumed” type (NBb) and its rice (NBr), were studied in comparison with bran and rice of staple varieties: Sujatha and Palakkadan Matta. Total oryzanol, phenolic, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phytate contents of NBb (1.84 mg/g, 27.16 mg of gallic acid/g, 4.50 mg of quercetin/g, 0.98 mg of catechin/g and 8.77 mg/g dry weight of bran, respectively) were higher compared with NBr and staple varieties. NBb showed greater reducing power and significantly higher scavenging activity with 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl radical, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide with values of concentration of NBb required to scavenge 50% of respective radicals (IC50):... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5605057 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5605057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570063&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00566.x ABSTRACTValue‐added applications are needed for peanut meal, which is the high‐protein by‐product of commercial peanut oil production. Peanut meal dispersions were hydrolyzed with alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin in an effort to improve functional and nutritional properties of the resulting water soluble extracts. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 20 to 60% for alcalase, 10 to 20% for pepsin and 10 to 70% for flavourzyme from 3 to 240 min. Low molecular weight peptides (<14 kDa) and unique banding patterns reflected the different proteolytic activities of each enzyme as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Total soluble solids and soluble nitrogen increased a minimum of 30 and 110%, respectively, for all hydrolysates after 4‐h hydrol... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570063 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557167&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00624.x This study provides good information of functional ingredients from ethanolic extract of different parts of the A. uraiensis Hayata plant for food and medicinal use.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTraditionally, Alpinia used for food and folk medicine is cultivated throughout Asia. There are ample essential oils and antioxidant ingredients in the root, stem, leaf and seed of Zingiberaceous plants. These functional ingredients have been proven to be beneficial to human health. Many diseases can be prevented or ameliorated by compounds or extracts from Alpinia. Therefore, the Alpinia extracts are good candidates for health foods, cosmetic products or even medical uses. The quantity and antioxidant activity of functional ingredients in ethanolic extracts from various parts of A. uraiensis Hayata we... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557167 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550490&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00621.x ABSTRACTAn esterase from Lycoperdon pyriforme was characterized. The enzyme had a maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 40C with p‐nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate. Km and Vmax values were calculated as 2.13 mM and 0.65 U/mg protein, respectively. The enzyme activity was conserved more than 90% over a broad range of pH (3.0–9.0) at 4C after 24 h of incubation. The activity increased 37 ± 3.6% after 120 min of incubation at 40C. Li+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ activated the enzyme 12 ± 1.8, 16 ± 2.5 and 15 ± 2.5%, respectively. The esterase was inhibited in different ratios by some detergents such as Triton X‐114, Triton X‐100, Tween 20 (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) and sodium dodecylsulfate. It retained most of its activity in the presence of methanol and dimethylsulp... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550490 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534611&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00579.x ABSTRACTTwo gelatin‐hydrolyzing proteinases with molecular masses of 85 and 72 kDa in the sarcoplasmic fraction of grass carp muscle were detected using gelatin zymography. The gelatinolytic activity in dark muscle was obviously higher than that in white muscle. Optimum pH and temperature of the two enzymes were around 8.0 and 40C. The proteinase inhibitor leupeptin entirely inhibited GP‐I, but E‐64 did not inhibit it. Only EDTA completely suppressed GP‐II, and Ca2+ is essential for the activity of GP‐II. All these facts indicated that GP‐I was matrix serine proteinase, and GP‐II was matrix metalloproteinase. When grass carp muscle was stored for 15 days at 4C, GP‐I and GP‐II were detected during the whole stored period. Therefore, the two gelatinolytic proteinases may ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534611 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5534611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502150&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00530.x This study aimed to examine the hypolipidemic properties of A. cinnamomea extracts (ACE) in high‐fat diet‐fed hamsters. Results showed that at concentrations 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg, ACE showed no significant effect on total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein concentrations, but a trend of decrease in plasma triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels was noted, and a significant reduction in LDL was observed at 1,500 mg/kg ACE. ACE caused a significant decrease in liver triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations. ACE possessed the ability to enhance superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase production, and reduced the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances level in hyperlipidemic hamsters. These results conclude that ACE is able t... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502150 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474210&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00499.x ABSTRACTA method is described for fabrication of an amperometric xanthine biosensor based on polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane bound xanthine oxidase (XOD). The membrane bound enzyme oxidizes xanthine into uric acid and H2O2, which is split into 2H++O2+2e‐ at high potential (0.4V) and measured as current (mA).Sensor showed optimum response within 30 s, at pH 7.0 and 35C. A linear relationship was observed between current and xanthine concentration ranging from 0.025 to 0.4 × 10‐6 M, Km for xanthine and Imax were 0.45 × 10‐6 M and 0.002 mA, respectively. Minimum detection limit of the biosensor was 2.5 × 10‐8 M. Biosensor was utilized for determination of xanthine in fish meat cow and buffalos milk. Biosensor was used 100 times over a period of 45 days with o... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474210 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466138&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00649.x (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466138 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397874&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00501.x ABSTRACTThis work dealt with the influence of the position of hydroxyl on the antioxidant capacity of metabolites of chlorogenic acid involving ferulic acid (FA), m‐ and p‐coumaric acid (m‐ and p‐CA). They were applied to protect DNA against the oxidations mediated by Cu2+/glutathione (GSH) and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). FA, m‐ and p‐CA were also employed to inhibit the autoxidation of linoleic acid and AAPH‐induced oxidation of methyl linoleate. Finally, they were used to scavenge 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS+•), 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl radicals. It was found that FA, m‐ and p‐CA exhibited similar activities to protect DNA against Cu2+/GSH‐induc... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397874 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397873&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00502.x ABSTRACTWe aim to map immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐binding linear epitopes on buffalo β‐lactoglobulin by prediction through bioinformatics analysis and screening from phage library. Five possible regions on buffalo β‐lactoglobulin were predicted as epitope candidates by LaserGene software and web service. Six mimic epitope regions, AA14‐20, AA26‐32, AA36‐42, AA70‐80, AA82‐86 and AA149‐156 were obtained by the panning of phage display peptide library with specific rabbit sera against buffalo β‐lactoglobulin with AA70‐80 and AA149‐156 as the major ones. Compared with the results of prediction and panning, 30% of predicted epitope regions accorded with the ones by panning, however, the 40% of panned epitopes were not predicted by bioformatics analysis. Additionally, two r... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397873 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397872&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00504.x ABSTRACTThe present study was aimed at investigating the effect of an aqueous fruit extract of a traditional antidiabetic medicinal plant, Momordica charantia (MC) on the transport of D‐glucose and inorganic phosphate under varying substrate concentrations across rat everted intestinal sacs model in vitro. Experimental findings showed that when D‐glucose was added to the incubating buffer, inorganic phosphate uptake across rat everted intestinal sac was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). On the other hand, when 3.0 mg/mL aqueous MC fruit extract was added to the mucosal bathing solution, uptake of D‐glucose was inhibited significantly (P < 0.05) whereas inorganic phosphate transport was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). The possible mechanism proposed is that... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397872 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397871&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00510.x ABSTRACTGarlic (Allium sativum) has been used for centuries as a food and condiment. Allicin, a major ingredient of garlic that is produced by the enzyme alliinase during crushing of garlic cloves (alliin lyase EC 4.4.1.4), produces a variety of beneficial biological effects. In the present report, we describe the extraction, purification and immobilization of active garlic alliinase. Alliinase was successfully immobilized in two biocompatible matrices, calcium alginate gel and Mg‐Al layered double hydroxides. Alliinase immobilized in both matrices retained a major fraction of its activity for substantial periods of time, and thus immobilized alliinase has the potential to be employed in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAlliinase immobilized in a biocom... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397871 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397870&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00511.x This study is focused on the optimization of the traditional solvent extraction technology of phenols from Pinot Noir grape skins (Vitis vinifera). To such a purpose, the combined effects of the extraction time (9, 19 and 29 h) and the solid‐liquid ratio (0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 gDW/mL), were investigated by a 32 full factorial design combined with response surface methodology; total polyphenols, flavonoids and trans‐resveratrol extraction yields were used as response variables. Results demonstrated that Pinot Noir skins had high levels of both total polyphenols (3.22 mgGAE/gDW) and flavonoids (1.01 mgCE/gDW), being the optimum extraction time 19 h approximately. t‐resveratrol was found in a considerable amount (2.24 mg/100 gDW), while the main phenolic compounds analyzed w... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397870 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397869&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00512.x ABSTRACTWater‐soluble polysaccharide from tea plant flower (TFP) was screened for its biological and biophysical effects. TFP‐1, one of the major constituents, yielded after removing the proteins and purification by Sephadex G‐100 (Sigma‐Aldrich Pty Ltd., Castle Hill, Australia). It was subjected to chemical identification and the result indicated its average molecular weight (132 kDa) and its formation which consisted of xylose, glucose, arabinose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0: 2.9: 4.6: 21.8. Presence of TFP‐1 displayed reactive oxygen radicals scavenging activity and it showed dose‐dependent antioxidant activity by comparing with three commonly used antioxidants. The research showed that administration of TFP‐1 for 28d continuously was found not only to be pr... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397869 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397868&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00515.x ABSTRACTThe potential use of trypsin inhibitors (TI) present in the viscera of Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) was examined for diabetes treatment. In a single‐glucose tolerance test, the crude TI (C‐TI) fraction significantly stimulated insulin secretion by normal Wistar rats and by diabetic GK rats. The highly purified TI (H‐TI) fraction displayed the same effect on the glucose tolerance test with the GK rats. The TI activity of C‐TI was not decreased by pepsin or chymotrypsin digestion in vitro, and the C‐TI fraction did not have α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results indicate that the substance with the stimulating effect on insulin secretion in rats is the squid TI and that the hypoglycemic effect on glucose tolerance in GK rats is related to an impr... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397868 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397867&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00513.x ABSTRACTAntiproliferative effects of fractions of furostanol glycosides (FUG) and spirostanol glycosides (SPG) from yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) and diosgenin on cancer (MCF‐7, A 549 and Hep G2) and normal (HS68 and Clone 9) cells, and their apoptotic effects for MCF‐7 cells were estimated. All samples exhibited cytotoxic effects not only for cancer cells but also for normal cells. The results were also compared to the cancer chemotherapy drugs, 5‐fluorouracil and methotrexate. SPG had the highest effect followed by diosgenin and FUG. Proliferation of MCF‐7 cells could be suppressed by these samples via G0/G1 arrest, and led them to apoptosis by activation of p53 and down‐regulation of Akt and breast cancer type 1 expressions.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDioscorea pseudojapon... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397867 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397866&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00517.x ABSTRACTThe effect of sodium chloride on the production of organic acids during ripening of buffalo milk Cheddar cheese at elevated temperature was evaluated. Buffalo milk Cheddar cheese was produced by adding sodium chloride at the rate of 0, 1 and 2% and stored for ripening at 4C and 12C for 120 days. The cheese was evaluated for organic acids i.e., lactic, acetic, citric, pyruvic, formic, butyric and maleic and mineral contents, including sodium, calcium and potassium at 60 and 120 days of ripening. The results showed that elevated ripening temperature accelerated the production of all organic acids and significantly increased their concentrations. However, during ripening, no effect on minerals profile was observed. High level of salt decreased the production of organic acids during ri... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397866 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397865&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00519.x This article reported production of glycerol monooleate (GMO) by lipase‐catalyzed glycerolysis of camellia oil, the synthesized GMO was subsequently used as emulsifier in the manufacture of low fat ice cream. Comparison between the synthesized GMO and commercial glycerol monopalmitate (GMP) was made on the sensory and physical properties of regular and low fat ice cream. The delightful experimental results provide a good way that enjoying the low fat ice cream with a tasting of regular‐fat ice cream. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397865 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5397865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356403&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00481.x In this study, various extracts and fractions of P. frutescens leaves were used to determine rosmarinic acid and the antioxidant activities. Our results suggest that P. frutescens could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant and effective functional and active properties to provide new marketable bio‐products. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356403 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356402&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00482.x ABSTRACTThe aim of the experiment was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of Spermacoce hispida seed‐flavonoid‐rich fraction by a dose‐dependent study. Lipid and lipoprotein profiles and the activities of lipid metabolizing enzymes were measured in plasma and tissues of high‐fat‐diet fed and control rats. The levels of plasma and tissue total cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma phospholipids, free fatty acids, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were reduced significantly, while high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly elevated in S. hispida flavonoid‐rich fraction (S‐Frf) fed groups when compared to high‐fat‐diet fed group. HMG CoA reductase activity significantly decreased while the lipoprotein lip... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356402 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356401&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00484.x ABSTRACTThe effect of daily coffee ingestion on the hepatic detoxifying enzymes of rats challenged with high doses of paracetamol (PCM) was investigated. Two groups of male Wistar rats fed, respectively, chow diets supplemented or not with a coffee extract, were sacrificed at 75 days of age, 48 h after injection of saline or PCM (700 mg/kg body wt). The hepatocytes were isolated. Coffee decreased the lipid peroxidation (29%), increased glutathione (GSH) content (46%) and abolished the increased peroxidation caused by PCM (25%). PCM reduced the hepatic GSH content (62%), but in the animals fed the coffee supplemented diet, the reduction was less pronounced (32%). Coffee increased liver UDP‐glucuronosyl‐transferases UGT1 (75%) and UGT2 (38%), glutathione transferase (46%) and gluta... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356401 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356400&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00485.x ABSTRACTThe effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on insulin resistance (IR) was isomer specific. In the present study, we induced IR Chang liver cells by incubating cells with 100 nmol/L insulin for 24 h. Then the effect of trans10, cis12‐conjugated linoleic acid (t10, c12‐CLA) and cis9, trans11‐conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11‐CLA) on IR cells were studied. 1 µmol/L, 2 µmol/L, 5 µmol/L and 10 µmol/L t10, c12‐CLA, but not c9, t11‐CLA were found to enhance glucose consumption of IR cells in a dose‐dependent way. 2 µmol/L t10, c12‐CLA for 12 h incubation significantly improved glucose consumption of IR cells and increased phospho‐protein kinase B (p‐PKB/p‐Akt) protein level. The enhancement of glucose consumption of IR cells by t10, c12‐CLA a... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356400 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356399&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00486.x ABSTRACTSoybean oil with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was produced by a lipase‐catalyzed transesterification with soybean oil and the ethyl ester of the acid. The product, soybean oil–CLA was purified by molecular distillation, and its oxidative stability was investigated. The maximum content of the CLA in the soybean oil was 36.2% under the optimal biocatalytic conditions of 60C, 140 U Lipozyme RM IM (from Rhizomucor miehei) per gram reaction mixture and a 3:1 molar ratio of the conjugated linoleic acid ethyl ester to soybean oil. In comparison to soybean oil, the modified soybean oil with CLA was slightly decreased (P > 0.05) in oxidative stability, but it increased fivefold with the addition of tert‐butylhydroquinone to a final concentration of 100 mg/Kg oil.PRACTICAL... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356399 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356398&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00488.x In this study, fenugreek was evaluated for hepatoprotective and antioxidant influence in mice fed high‐cholesterol diet (HCD). After feeding HCD for 10 weeks, groups of animals were maintained for further 10 weeks on HCD/basal diet/basal diet containing 6 or 12% fenugreek. Activities of serum aspartate aminotrasferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase increased with prolonged feeding of HCD. Activities of these enzymes were lower in animals fed basal control/ fenugreek containing diets after initial exposure to HCD, and were prominent in fenugreek groups. Hepatic lipid peroxides decreased and antioxidant molecules increased in fenugreek fed groups. Activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes – glutathione reductase, glutathione‐S‐transferase an... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356398 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356397&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00490.x This study helped in comprehending the postharvest storage characteristics of different litchi fruits and provided a practical reference for selection and breeding of litchi cultivars with good shelf life. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356397 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356396&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00492.x ABSTRACTA new α‐D‐glucan (HEPF5), with a molecular weight of 4.23 × 105 Da as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography, was isolated from the water extract of the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis along with infrared (IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including correlated spectroscopy, total correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments for linkage and sequence analysis. The polysaccharide is composed of a multibranch tetrasaccharide repeating unit with the following structure:PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMushroom‐derived polysaccharides have emerged as an important class of ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356396 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356395&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00493.x ABSTRACTThe solid‐state fermentation of soybean protein meal (SPM) by Lactobacillus plantarum Lp6 was studied to evaluate the influence of soluble starch, acid protease and time on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and viable cell counts (VCC). The fermented SPM (FSPM) was optimized for maximum DH and VCC using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions determined were the following: soluble starch (0.4 g/g of SPM), acid protease (0.1 g/g of SPM) and time (66 h). The optimized values were 22.58% and 9.08 (log cfu/g) for DH and VCC, respectively. Fermentation using the optimized process conditions increased the amount of low molecular weight peptides (<20 kDa) compared to SPM with high molecular weight polypeptides (>97.4 kDa). The protein content (60.15%) of FSPM ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356395 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356394&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00494.x ABSTRACTThe extent of protein cross‐linking in wheat dough influences the viscoelastic properties of dough. We have studied peroxidase‐mediated cross‐linking of proteins in in vitro system using isolated wheat glutenin protein subunits. Isolated glutenin subunits were treated with peroxidase/H2O2 system as well as with H2O2 alone. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of treated subunits under reducing and nonreducing conditions revealed that peroxidase/H2O2 was able to cross‐link glutenin protein subunits by disulfide bonds and nondisulfide covalent cross‐links. The fluorescence spectrum of cross‐linked proteins indicated the presence of dityrosine. On the other hand, treatment of glutenin protein subunits with H2O2 alone formed disulfide cross‐links on... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356394 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356393&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00495.x This study sought to characterize the interaction of phenolic extract from grapefruit peels with α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE) activities. The free phenolic of grapefruit peels was extracted with 80% acetone, while the bound phenolic was extracted from the alkaline and acid‐hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate; and their interaction with the enzymes were assessed. The phenolic extracts inhibited α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and ACE enzyme activities; however, free phenolic had significantly higher (P < 0.05) α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities than bound phenolic, while there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in their ACE inhibitory activities. Nevertheless, the extracts were strong inhibitor of α... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356393 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356392&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00496.x ABSTRACT5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In our program to search new AMPK activators from plants, we found that a total extract of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) activated the AMPK enzyme in differentiated C2C12 cells. As the major constituents of nutmeg, seven lignans, (1) macelignan; (2) meso‐dihydroguaiaretic acid; (3) (+/−)‐trans‐dehydrodiisoeugenol; (4) nectandrin B; (5) licarin A; (6) otobaphenol; and (7) myristicin, were isolated from this extract. It has been well known that myristicin is a principal aromatic constituent of M. fragrans, and its overdose intake in human causes severe psychopharmacological effects. Thus, the ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356392 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356391&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00497.x ABSTRACTThe total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of ethanol herb extract in different lipid systems was determined. For the purpose of this study, five representatives of spices were selected: garlic (Allium sativum L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Lipid analyses showed different antioxidant potential of herbs extracts depending on the system used. Rancimat and Oxidograph tests showed that extract antioxidant potential in lard was higher than in sunflower oil. Thyme and marjoram extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity but the lowest was recorded for garlic and mint one. Statistical Analysis showed a high correlation between total polyphenol content and antioxid... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356391 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356390&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00508.x ABSTRACTPolyphenoloxidase (PPO) from atemoya fruit was extracted and partially purified by phase partitioning in Triton X‐114 (TX‐114), ammonium sulfate precipitation and separation on Sephadex G‐100. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fraction eluted from Sephadex revealed only one band of enzyme activity with a molecular weight of 82 kDa. The achieved purification was 7.12‐fold with a recovery of 3.2%. The optimum pH and temperatures were determined for 4‐methylcatechol and catechol, and activation energies (Ea) determined. The Km was 5.52 and 79.3 mmol/L for 4‐methylcatechol and catechol, respectively. The enzyme showed no activity with L‐dihydroxyphenilalanine, pyrogallol, catechin and P‐cresol as substrates. Inhibitory effects of phenolic and non‐phenolic ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356390 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418942&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00608.x This study indicated that the existence of lysophospholipids and structural changes in egg yolk granules could be responsible for significant differences in the functional properties of untreated and PLA1‐modified egg yolk, plasma and granules.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study aimed to investigate the physicochemical and functional properties of egg yolk, including its fractions (plasma and granules), before and after phospholipase A1 (PLA1) treatment. Such modified egg yolk would have higher protein solubility, thermal stability and emulsifying properties, and present high resistance to extreme temperatures. As these properties of egg yolk powder were improved through PLA1 treatment, the application of PLA1 could make egg yolk have a good practical effect and extend the scope of applicat... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418942 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5397864&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00637.x In conclusion, curcumin exerted a potential chemopreventive effect in DEN‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSVarious therapeutic effects, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐angiogenic and wound‐healing effects, have been described for curcumin. The present study is an endeavor in the direction of determining its possible mechanism of protection in diethylnitrosamine‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Our study proved that curcumin exhibits a hepatoprotective potential, and hence, it can be used as value‐added agents to limit both exposure to and the adverse health effects from dietary hepatocarcinogens. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5397864 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5397864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5377453&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00491.x This study indicated that Mao Luang seeds and skin–pulp residue possess considerable amounts of phenolic compounds and significant radical‐scavenging activity on stable 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals and methanol extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against some of the microorganisms. Mao Luang seeds and skin–pulp residue could afford health benefits by preventing unwanted free radical‐induced oxidative reactions. Mao Luang seeds and skin–pulp residue should be regarded as a valuable product and has potential as a value‐added ingredient for food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5377453 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5377453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356389&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00509.x ABSTRACT4‐Hexylresorcinol (4‐HR) has become increasingly used as an anti‐browning agent. Due to its popularity, knowledge of its mechanism of action (MOA) is of great interest. 4‐HR is known to affect browning reactions acting at different levels on different polyphenoloxidase (PPO) isoenzymes. Presented in the work is additional evidence of the inactivatory effects of 4‐HR on pear PPO. 4‐HR inactivates PPO in a pH dependent manner (pH values of around 4 being optimal for the inactivation reaction). This reaction strongly dependent on the 4‐HR concentration is expected for a bimolecular reaction. Spectroscopic studies show significant differences between the interaction of 4‐HR and ascorbic acid with PPO products. Ascorbic acid, not 4‐HR, qualitatively modifies the absorp... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356389 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282484&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00476.x ABSTRACTWine samples from seven mango cultivars were prepared and major carotenoids compounds were investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to follow carotenoid content from puree to wine during wine fermentation. Carotenoids were identified and quantified in puree and wine. Results showed that the percentage decrease in xanthophylls levels in wine were in the range of 69.3–89.7%, and >80% degradation was noted in Banginapalli, Neelam, Sindhura and Totapuri and 15.3–26.5% for β‐carotene. However, significant degradation of β‐carotene was observed in only Totapuri wine, indicating that lutein was more sensitive to degradation than β‐carotene during fermentation. Antioxidant activity of mango wine was evaluated using in vitro models. The highes... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282484 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282483&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00475.x ABSTRACTChanges in chemical composition, physical property and microstructure of pidan white were monitored during pickling in the presence of different divalent (CaCl2, MgCl2) and monovalent (KCl) cations at different levels (0.2 and 0.5%) up to 3 weeks, followed by aging for another 3 weeks. Pidan prepared following the commercial process, in which 0.2% PbO2 or 0.2% ZnCl2 was incorporated, was also tested. Hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of pidan white gradually increased during pickling, but these parameters decreased during aging time (P < 0.05), regardless of cations used. Nevertheless, pidan white treated with 0.2% PbO2 retained hardness and cohesiveness but had a slight decrease in adhesiveness, when pickling/aging time increased up to week 6 (P < 0.05). Transm... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282483 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282482&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00474.x This study laid the theoretical foundation for further investigations to determine the mechanism of the formation of beer haze. An improved understanding of the impact of brewing on hordeins could potentially provide further scope for optimizing beer quality. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282482 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282481&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00473.x ABSTRACTPeanut flour (PF) was fermented with four strains of lactic acid bacteria. The effect of fermentation on the antioxidant activities (α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical‐scavenging activity, reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity) and antioxidant compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) was investigated. Depending on the starter organisms used, lactic acid fermentation could increase the DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity of PF. The content of phenolic acids had a significant decrease (P < 0.05) after fermentation. Meanwhile, a significant bioconversion (P < 0.05) of rutin into quercetin was observed after fermentation. There was a good linear correlation between the EC50 value of DPPH scavenging activity (R2�... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282481 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282480&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00472.x In this study, we presented evidences that G. lucidum spore lipid (GS) dose dependently and preferentially induced the activity of PPARα but not PPARγ and PPARδ. By a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, we found that GS was rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, GS induced the expression of PPARa target gene carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1a in human carcinoma HepG2 cells. Collectively, we identified a link between GS and PPARα which suggests that some of the therapeutic effects of GS may bemediated through activating the transcriptional activity of PPARα.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe induction of CPT‐1a by activating PPARα implies that Ganoderma lucidum may also stimulate β‐oxidation to reduce liver triglyceride content hence functioning as a hyperlipidemic ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282480 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282479&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00507.x ABSTRACTScavenging activities on superoxide anion and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals of Antrodia cinnamomea fermentation filtrate from the submerged culture were determined. We prove that controlling the medium composition can dramatically enhance the antiradical activity. The C/N ratio was available utilized preferentially for the scavenging activity on superoxide anion radical, rather than for DPPH radical. A relatively high glucose concentration (8%) was favorable for superoxide anion radical‐scavenging activity. Flushing the culture medium with yeast extract (0.8%) had a stimulating effect on superoxide anion radical‐scavenging. In addition, peptone appeared to be significantly inhibitory for superoxide anion radical. Phosphate ion, magnesium ion and thiamine w... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282479 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282478&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00470.x This study was designed to examine the chemical composition of oils and antioxidant activity of the volatile oils and methanol extracts of Nepeta laxiflora Benth. and Nepeta sessilifolia Bunge. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of the volatile oils resulted in 57 compounds. The most abundant compounds in volatile oils of N. laxiflora were α‐pinene (19.7 %) and 1,8‐cineole (11.8 %) and also for N. sessilifolia were spathulenol (25.75 %) and lavandulyl acetate (16.70 %). The polar subfractions of methanol extracts of N. laxiflora and N. sessilifolia showed the highest radical‐scavenging activity (IC50 = 105.92 ± 1.39 and 99.71 ± 0.41 µg, respectively). In the β‐carotene‐linoleic acid system, the inhibition capacity of the nonpol... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282478 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282477&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00469.x This study was undertaken to identify the profile of urinary isoflavone metabolites collected within 24 h after the consumption of unfermented or fermented soy foods. The proportions of β‐glycosides and aglycones to total isoflavone intake were much higher in soybean paste than soy flour. Twenty urinary isoflavone metabolites were identified using LC(ESI)‐MS/MS. After enzymatic hydrolysis, glucuronide forms of daidzein and genistein accounted for 76 and 86% of total isoflavones, demonstrating that the majority of urinary isoflavone metabolites are glucuronide conjugates. When comparing the areas under curves of two foods, total urinary isoflavones excretion was higher in subjects consuming soybean paste than in subjects consuming soy flour. Genistein glucuronides are cleared more sl... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282477 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282476&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00468.x ABSTRACTFreeze‐dried cells of Meiothermus ruber catalyses cleavage of o‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐galactopiranoside (oNPβ‐gal) and conversion of lactose into glucose and galactose. The permeabilization with 2% toluene, 20% ethanol and 20% acetone increased enzymatic activity from 74.87 U/g of lyophilized cells up to 129.44, 114.38 and 90.19 U/g, respectively. Ethanol was an effective permeabilizing agent and its efficiency was dependent on the concentration, the incubation time and incubation temperature. The Km values for the untreated and permeabilized cells were 2.94 mM and 2.26 mM but Vmax values were 122 µmol/min and 193 µmol/min, respectively. The optimum pH for the β‐galactosidase activity in the untreated and permeabilized cells were 6.5 and optimum of temperat... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282476 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282475&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00467.x ABSTRACTIn the present study, anthocyanins were extracted from rambutan pericarp tissue (RPT) with 80% ethanol and 1% acetic acid. The crude extracts were chromatographically purified using a silica gel column and an Amberlite XAD‐7 resin column. After purification, the total anthocyanin content in the extracts was about 181.3 mg/100 g of fresh RPT. The extracts were stable under low pH conditions (pH 1 and 3). However, the extracts of rambutan anthocyanins (RAcy) degraded at higher temperature. Further, assays of the reducing power, the activity against lipid peroxidation and the ability to scavenge 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals showed that the RAcy extracts possessed antioxidant activity, indicating that RPT is a good source of n... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282475 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282474&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00466.x ABSTRACTA β‐mannanase‐producing bacterial strain Bacillus circulans M‐21 was isolated from soil. The strain grew well when mannan (konjac gum, guar gum or locust bean gum) was used as sole carbon source. The optimum fermentation conditions were determined as follows: 4 g/L guar gum as carbon source, 20 g/L soybean powder and 5 g/L (NH4)2HPO4 as nitrogen source, initial pH 8.0, and 32C. An extracellular β‐mannanase was purified by anion‐exchange chromatography on Q‐Sepharose Fast Flow. The purified protein exhibited a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular mass of 33.4 kDa. Kinetic analysis showed that the enzyme exhibited the strongest binding affinity to konjac gum. The β‐mannanase activity reached the maximu... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282474 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282473&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00465.x This study could be continued by the investigation of the antimicrobial activity of O. majorana bioactive compounds with the purpose of an eventual use to prevent growth of many foodborne and food spoilage microorganisms in foods. Furthermore, a pharmacological study could be established through in vivo assays in order to discover new anticarcenogenic, antinflammatory, antimutagenic and other activities of O. majorana. Such results could be used in pharmaceutical formulations leading to new human drugs from this medicinal plant. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282473 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282472&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00464.x ABSTRACTLipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and antioxidative system were monitored during storage of Ber fruits cv Umran (shelf life; 8–9 days) and Kaithali (shelf life; 4–5 days). Mature green fruits stored under ambient conditions were analyzed at a 2‐day interval until complete deterioration. Throughout storage, lipoxygenase activity, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content were higher in Kaithali than in Umran and increased continuously in both the varieties. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase decreased continuously whereas that of peroxidase increased up to 4th day of storage and thereafter decreased. Umran showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282472 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282471&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00463.x This study was conducted to assess the level of phytochemicals and antioxidant properties in a selection of fruits and vegetables available in the Vaal Region, and examine the effect of cooking. A wide distribution and variation in quantities of phytochemicals among the different samples was noted. The antioxidant capacity (µmol Trolox‐equivalent.100/g fresh‐weight) ranged from 178.5 (green bean) to 1814.4 (apple), and total phenolics (mg gallic acid‐equivalent.100/g fresh‐weight) from 28.4 (apple) to 103.8 (carrot). Although significant levels of vitamin C (4.4–48.4 mg.100/g fresh‐weight) and Vitamin E (0.05–5.40 mg.100/g fresh‐weight) were recorded, polyphenols were the main provider of the antioxidant properties (r = 0.778; P < 0.001) followed by caroteno... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282471 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282470&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00462.x ABSTRACTAn experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the quality of virgin olive oils obtained by intervarietal cross‐breeding program. Twelve extra virgin olive oil cultivars were characterized by their chemical composition. The experimental data showed that new releases were characterized by an appreciable α‐tocopherol (ranging from 60.09 to 153.97 mg/kg) and by a high content of total volatile compounds especially of the trans‐2‐hexenal. Simple phenols such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, vanillic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid and vanillin were identified and quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography in most of the oils. The flavonoids compounds (apigenin and luteolin) were also found. The results indicated that a considerable oil composition var... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282470 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282469&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00634.x (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282469 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247220&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00478.x In this study, we used a modified method for the preparation and isolation of theaflavins and examined the cytotoxic activity of the individual theaflavins against human liver cancer (HepG2) cells, gastric cancer (SGC‐7901) cells, lung cancer (A549) cells and acute promyelocytic leukemia (K562) cells. Our results demonstrates that individual theaflavins have differential inhibitory activity in cancer cell lines and has the potential to be used individually for functional food applications and for therapy targeting specific cancer treatments. The most active theaflavin (TF2A) is a promising compound that can be used as a drug or a template for drug synthesis for anticancer research. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247220 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247219&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00480.x ABSTRACTPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted and purified from Goldnugget loquat and its characteristics were studied. Two protein peaks containing PPO activity were recovered, which were denoted as isoenzyme A and isoenzyme B. A 5.7‐fold purification of isoenzyme A with a recovery of 15.3% and 61.1‐fold purification of isoenzyme B with a recovery of 98.9% were achieved. Assay of activity of the isoenzymes between pH 3.04 and 7.80 using catechol as substrate showed two activity peaks, one at acidic pH and the other at neutral pH. pH optima of isoenzyme A and B were found to be at 4.5 and 6.8, respectively. Isoenzyme A exhibited a higher activity at acidic pHs than isoenzyme B. They both displayed maximal activity at 30C. Thermal resistance of isoenzyme A was found to be higher than... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247219 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5179456&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00457.x In this study, three assays were employed to achieve a comprehensive evaluation on the antioxidant, antichemotactic and antiedematogenic capacity of the nine Rubus sp. cultivars. The anti‐inflammatory/antioxidant property of the Rubus sp. cultivars made them desirable for dietary prevention of chronic diseases. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5179456 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5179456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5179455&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00458.x ABSTRACTPlants have been an exemplary source of medicines. In the present study, antidiabetic potential of some common Indian medicinal plants, Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica, Murraya koenigii, Capparis decidua, Eugenia jambolana, Aegel marmelos, Pterocarpus marsupium, Eucalyptus globulus, and Commiphora mukul were analyzed by gavaging 100 mg/kg body weight/day of each plant extracts to streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. Different biochemical parameters like fasting blood glucose level, glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and glycogen biosynthesis were all significantly improved as compared with diabetic and normal animals (P < 0.05). The activity of glucose‐6‐phosphatase enzyme which regulates glucose homeostasis was also significantly altered (P < 0.... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5179455 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5179455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5179454&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00459.x ABSTRACTThe antioxidant activity of the polyphenols extracted from the seeds of 28 Vicia species collected in southern Spain was investigated. The seeds were all taken from wild populations, although some of these species are or have been used to feed livestock and for crop rotation. The polyphenol concentration in ground seeds, ranging from 1.9 to 21.3 mg/g, was generally lower in populations belonging to species that were cultivated. The highest specific polyphenols antioxidant activity (referred to as catechin equivalents in the extracts) was observed in the extracts from Vicia parviflora and Vicia tenuifolia. On the contrary, the highest total antioxidant activity (referred as to extract volume) was observed in Vicia sativa. The antioxidant activity in these extracts was at least twi... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5179454 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5179454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5179453&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00460.x ABSTRACTSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) was partially purified from ber pulp of var. Umran and characterized for its physicochemical and kinetic parameters. Molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 35.6 kDa with subunit molecular weight of 17.8 kDa as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics for its substrates, nitroblue tetrazolium and riboflavin with respective Km values of 100 and 4.2 µM. It had pH optima of 7.8 and was stable up to 40C. Using central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology to study interactive effect of temperature and pH on SOD activity at a time, it was found that between temperature (50–67C) and pH (7.7–8.5) variables, certain combinations of temperature and ... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5179453 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5179453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247218&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2011.00588.x ABSTRACTTrypsin from the pancreas of Tibetan sheep was purified to 7.4‐fold by ammonium sulphate and acetone precipitation, followed by Sephacryl S‐200 (Whatman, Maidstone, England) and Sephadex G‐75 (Whatman) gel filtration, with an 23.2‐fold increase in specific activity and 13.6% yield. The final enzyme preparation was nearly homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 27 kDa by SDS‐PAGE. Trypsin‐like enzymes had maximal activities at around pH 9.0 and 60C for the hydrolysis of Nα‐ρ‐Tosyl–L–arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (TAME). Trypsin was unstable above 60C and below pH 4.0, and was stabilized by calcium ions. Purified trypsin had a Michaeli... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247218 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5179452&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00506.x ABSTRACTCoconut sap is consumed as a juice or used as raw material for fermentation to produce beverages with various health benefits. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the health benefits of coconut sap, we investigated the in vitro reactive oxygen species scavenging activities and DNA protecting effects of fresh and naturally fermented coconut sap using a flow‐injection chemiluminescence method. The results show that the fresh sap scavenges superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide better than the naturally fermented sap; in contrast, the fermented sap shows a more powerful ability to prevent damage to DNA than the fresh sap. The naturally fermented sap had a higher polyphenol level but a lower ascorbic acid content than fresh sap, suggesting that fermentation i... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5179452 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5179452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085603&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00456.x ABSTRACTA new microbial transglutaminase (MTGase or MTG, EC 2.3.2.13) from a Streptomyces sp. strain isolated from Brazilian soil samples was purified and characterized. Enzyme purification was fast and simple, consisting of two successive chromatographies on Sephadex G‐75 columns with yields of 48 and 17%, respectively. The protein purification was successfully achieved to electrophoretical homogeneity on sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass of the MTGase was estimated to be about 45 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity in the pH range of 6.0–6.5 and at 35–40C. It was stable over a broad pH range (4.5–8.0) and up to 45C. The purified MTG's activity was independent of Ca+2, but was activated by the presence of K+, Ba2+, Na+, and C... Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085603 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085602&cid=s_32625_143_f&fid=32625&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1745-4514.2010.00455.x In this study, the optimized inhibitor combination (including 93.56% Canna edulis stem extract) was obtained through response surface design with an inhibition effect as high as 96.73%. The inhibitor combination could be developed as a natural additive used in the process of food preservation. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry) Journal of Food Biochemistry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085602 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085602