MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Forensic Sciences' source. Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:51:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340144&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hejna P A rare case of a big cat fatal attack is presented. A male leopard that had escaped from its unlocked cage attacked a 26-year-old male zoo worker. The man sustained penetrating injuries to the neck with consequent external bleeding. The man died while being transported to the hospital as a result of the injuries sustained. The wounds discovered on the victim's body corresponded with the known methods of leopard attacks and with findings on the carcasses of animals killed by leopards in the wild. The conclusion of the medicolegal investigation was that the underlying cause of death was a bite wound to the neck which lacerated the left internal jugular vein, the two main branches of the left external carotid artery, and the cervical spine. The cause of death was massive ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340144 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340143&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Menezes RG, Kanchan T, Rai S, Jagadish Rao PP, Naik R, Suresh Kumar Shetty B, Lobo SW, Chauhan A, Shetty M, Mathai AM Sudden unexplained deaths, especially those unwitnessed can lead to forensic issues and would necessitate the need for a meticulous and complete postmortem examination including ancillary investigations to discover the cause of death. We herein report a case of sudden unexplained death caused by malaria in an apparently healthy individual. This fatal case is presented to remind the forensic pathologist of the possibility of malaria as a cause of sudden unexplained death in malaria-endemic regions. In the present case, histopathological examination demonstrated the presence of parasitized red blood cells with malarial pigment in the blood capillaries in the brai... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340143 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340142&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lagoo L, Schaeffer LS, Szymanski DW, Smith RW Blowfly larvae and porcine tissue contaminated with gunshot residue (GSR) were collected during summer and winter months, over a 37-day and a 60-day sampling period, respectively. Wound samples were microwave-digested and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the detection of antimony, barium, and lead. During summer, the 37-day sampling period encompassed all stages of decomposition, except skeletonization. The three elements were detected in larvae only on days 3 and 4 after death but were detected at significant levels in tissue samples throughout the entire sampling period. In winter, no significant decomposition was observed throughout the 60-day sampling. Although temperatures were too low for ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340142 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340141&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hejna P, Safr M There is a longstanding empirical rule that people who commit suicide rarely shoot through their clothing, but rather put it aside to expose the nude skin. Signs of shots through clothing have always been considered suspicious, raising presumptions of the presence of an abettor. Our report, based on a retrospective study of fatal suicidal firearm injuries from the years 1980 to 2007, points out that suicide victims only rarely remove clothing from the site of the future entry wound. The report covered 43 cases with fatal gunshot wounds in the area of the thorax, with only four persons (9%) removing the clothing present in the area of the subsequent self-inflicted wound. Defects present on the clothing of a victim cannot, therefore, be understood as an absolute ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340141 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340140&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202065%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), a major component of urinary protein, and uroplakin III (UPIII), a transmembrane protein widely regarded as a urothelium-specific marker, were evaluated for forensic identification of urine by ELISA and/or immunohistochemistry. THP was detected in urine, but not in plasma, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, or sweat by the simple ELISA method developed in this study. In addition, most aged urine stains showed positive results. The urine specificity of THP was confirmed by gene expression analysis. Therefore, as reported previously, ELISA detection of THP can be used as a presumptive test for urine identification. UPIII was specific for immunohistochemical staining of cells in centrifuged precipitate of urine. However, ELISA and RT-PCR for UPIII were n... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340140 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340139&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arany S, Ohtani S Here, we report on an experimental approach of simultaneous determination of various amino acids racemization (AAR) rates in teeth. We evaluated the measurements of aspartic acid (Asp), glutamate (Glu), and alanine (Ala) isolated from dentin. Asx D/L rates from total amino acid fraction, generally used for age estimation, showed high correlation (r = 0.98) with age. As Glx and Ala showed very slow racemization kinetics in TA, we performed further analysis of the acid-soluble protein (SP) fraction. The results supported improved correlation between age and D/L rates for Glu (r = 0.84) and Ala (r = 0.85), as well as for Asp (r = 0.98). By providing further elucidation on dentin protein racemization, the technique offers a considerable opportunity to involve oth... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340139 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340138&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202067%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burks RM, Pacquette SE, Guericke MA, Wilson MV, Symonsbergen DJ, Lucas KA, Holmes AE The design and preliminary characterization of a novel sensor for drugs of abuse, DETECHIP((R)), is described in this proof-of-concept note. Combining both colorimetric and fluorimetric assays, DETECHIP((R)) is suitable for lab and field use. More than a conventional spot test which provides a single "yes or no" answer, DETECHIP((R)) provides twenty responses for a more complete characterization of suspect material. This is accomplished by visually noting colorimetric and fluorescent changes of carefully selected dyes upon the addition of test analytes, including drugs of abuse, with respect to controls. Color and fluorescence changes are recorded numerically so that a 20 digit identification ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340138 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340137&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202068%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaliszan M, Kernbach-Wighton G, Bouhaidar R This is a case report of a 30-year-old man found dead in his flat lying on the floor with multiple stab wounds over the body, surrounded by an extensive volume of blood. Examination of the scene of death showed a secure flat, locked from inside. A blood-stained knife was present close to the body and two unstained notes left on the sofa at the locus. A small plastic bag containing white powder (which following toxicological examinations appeared to be cocaine) and an almost full bottle of beer were present on a table. Autopsy revealed more than 40 stab wounds to neck, chest, and abdomen arranged in isolated groups within which the wounds showed similar directions and had a transverse orientation. Together with hesitation marks locate... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340137 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340136&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seo SB, Jang BS, Zhang A, Yi JA, Kim HY, Yoo SH, Lee YS, Lee SD There are several areas within mitochondrial DNA that show length heteroplasmy. If the heteroplasmy pattern is unique and consistent for each person, it may be used to support an interpretation of exclusion in identity testing. We investigated whether the length heteroplasmy pattern would be consistent under different amplification conditions. We also determined whether various amplification parameters would affect the homopolymeric cytosine stretches (C-stretch) in HV1. Monoclonal samples tended to be heteroplasmic after amplification. After several repetitions, C-stretch patterns of all samples were inconsistent even under the same amplification conditions. Increased PCR cycles and high template concentrations r... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340136 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340135&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202070%26dopt%3DAbstract This study retrospectively investigated 4571 death examinations and autopsies that were performed at The Konya Branch of the Forensic Medicine Council (Turkey) between 1998 and 2007; hanging was involved in 201 (6.5%) of the cases. There were a total of 13 accidental hanging cases, where 12 of these involved children. In seven of the cases, the accidental hanging involved a scarf that wraps around swing-like cradles and is intended to prevent infants from falling down. It was concluded that accidental hanging deaths can be reduced by replacing swing-like cradles with cribs that are designed for children, removing ropes in and around the house, and preventing children from reaching and/or playing with rope-like objects. PMID: 20202070 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340135 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340134&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donaldson MP, Stephens WE The global trade in counterfeit tobacco products is increasingly taking market share from legal brands in many parts of the developed world, with attendant adverse economic, health, criminal, and other societal impacts. Knowing the geographical source is central to developing new strategies for curbing this illicit trade, and here, the potential of environmental pollen extracted from manufactured cigarettes is examined. Two samples representing U.S. and Chinese brands were investigated for their pollen content. Results indicate that tobacco leaf very efficiently captures environmental pollen (about 1800 and 12,600 grains per cigarette, respectively) with no detectable self-contamination by the tobacco plant. In both cases, the flora is typical of open... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340134 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284852&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158590%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we determined 75 SNPs in 24 genes (previously implicated in human or animal pigmentation studies) for the analysis of single- and multi-locus associations with hair, skin, and eye color in 789 individuals of various ethnic backgrounds. Using multiple linear regression modeling, five SNPs in five genes were found to account for large proportions of pigmentation variation in hair, skin, and eyes in our across-population analyses. Thus, these models may be of predictive value to determine an individual's pigmentation type from a forensic sample, independent of ethnic origin. PMID: 20158590 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284852 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284851&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zadora G, Neocleous T, Aitken C Likelihood ratios (LRs) provide a natural way of computing the value of evidence under competing propositions. We propose LR models for classification and comparison that extend the ideas of Aitken, Zadora, and Lucy and Aitken and Lucy to include consideration of zeros. Instead of substituting zeros by a small value, we view the presence of zeros as informative and model it using Bernoulli distributions. The proposed models are used for evaluation of forensic glass (comparison and classification problem) and paint data (comparison problem). Two hundred and sixty-four glass samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer method and 36 acrylic topcoat paint samples by pyrolysis gas chroma... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284851 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284850&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ciaffi R, De Angelis D, Gherardini PF, Arcudi G, Nessi R, Cornalba GP, Grandi M, Cattaneo C A critical review of Kahana and Hiss' study on identification from bone trabecular pattern and a test of their method conducted on the humerus are presented. Bone trabecular pattern was studied through the generation of a numerical file representing the gray scale. Using the correlation coefficient, several pairwise comparisons between numerical files were performed. The test gave nearly 30% of incorrect exclusions (the method did not recognize couples of radiographs belonging to the same subject) and 50% of misidentifications (the method recognized couples of radiographs belonging to different subjects, as belonging to the same subject); therefore, this research shows that at the prese... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284850 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284849&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edelman G, Alberink I, Hoogeboom B In the case study, two methods of performing body height measurements in images are compared based on projective geometry and 3D modeling of the crime scene. Accuracy and stability of height estimations are tested using reconstruction images of test persons of known height. Given unchanged camera settings, predictions of both methods are accurate. However, as the camera had been moved in the case, new vanishing points and camera matches had to be created for the reconstruction images. 3D modeling still yielded accurate and stable estimations. Projective geometry produced incorrect predictions for test persons and unstable intervals for questioned persons. The latter is probably caused by the straight lines in the field of view being hard to d... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284849 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284848&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158594%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the emotional and motivational factors involved in fingerprint analysis in day-to-day routine case work and in significant and harrowing criminal investigations. Thematic analysis was performed on interviews with 13 experienced fingerprint examiners from a variety of law enforcement agencies. The data revealed factors relating to job satisfaction and the use of skill. Individual satisfaction related to catching criminals was observed; this was most notable in solving high profile, serious, or long-running cases. There were positive emotional effects associated with matching fingerprints and apparent fear of making errors. Finally, we found evidence for a need of cognitive closure in fingerprint examiner decision-making. PMID: 20158594 [PubMed - as supplie... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284848 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284847&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158595%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a case where a 10-month-old boy was administered ethylmorphine in the evening and found dead in bed the following morning. Postmortem toxicological analyses of heart blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of ethylmorphine and morphine at concentrations of 0.17 muM (0.054 mg/L) and 0.090 muM (0.026 mg/L), respectively. CYP2D6 genotyping showed that the deceased had an extensive metabolizer genotype, signifying a "normal" capacity for metabolizing ethylmorphine to morphine. The autopsy report concluded that death was caused by a combination of opiate-induced sedation and weakening of respiratory drive, a respiratory infection, and a sleeping position that could have impeded breathing. This is the first case r... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284847 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284846&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158596%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reviews all the trends that have been highlighted by NFFID between September 2003 and September 2008. A total of 8887 guns of all types have been submitted to the FSS over the last 5 years, where an average of 21% of annual submissions are converted weapons. The makes, models, and modes of conversion of these weapons are described in detail. The number of trends identified by NFFID shows that this has been a valuable tool in the analysis of firearms-related crime. PMID: 20158596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284846 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284845&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20158597%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, GSR samples taken from seven different locations around and in the firearm were collected and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Four different types of ammunition were applied. Very low correlations were found when different ammunition were used. This clearly shows that it is possible to differentiate between ammunition types. When the same ammunition was used, high correlations were found between samples taken from external positions (such as hands of shooter, bullet-entrance holes) but poor correlation was found between internal samples (such as firearm barrel, cartridge case) and external samples. A high degree of association was found between samples that simulated victim and shooter. These findings clearly demonstrate that GSR... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284845 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263259&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141552%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that Simon's bleedings in cases of hanging are more frequent in rather young individuals, in cases with free body suspension, and in individuals with minimal degenerative changes in the lumbosacral part of the spinal column. PMID: 20141552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263259 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263258&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141553%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park CS, Jeon SW, Moon JE, Lee KJ An investigation is presented of the explosion of a CNG (compressed natural gas) fuel vessel, called a liner, in an urban bus. The explosion happened at a gas station 10 min after filling was completed. There were no traces of soot and flames at the failed liner, which would be indicative of explosion by ignition of the gas. The filling process of the station was automatically monitored and recorded in a computer. There was no unusual record of the filling system that indicated excess pressure at the time of the accident. There were cracks on the liner that were initiated at the outer surface of the cylindrical shell located at a point 4 cm above the lower dome where cracks did not originate easily as a result of overload. Chemical analysis wa... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263258 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263257&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guyomarc'h P, Campagna-Vaillancourt M, Kremer C, Sauvageau A In the discrimination of falls versus blows, the hat brim line (HBL) rule is mentioned in several textbooks as the most useful single criterion. Recent studies, however, have found that the HBL rule is only moderately valid and that its use on its own is not recommended. The purpose of this 6-year retrospective study was to find additional individually useful criteria in the distinction of falls from blows. Overall, the following criteria were found to point toward blows: more than three lacerations, laceration length of 7 cm or more, comminuted or depressed calvarial fractures, lacerations or fractures located above the HBL, left-side lateralization of lacerations or fractures, more than four facial contusions or la... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263257 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263256&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141555%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alberink I, Bolck A, Stoel RD A topic in forensic statistics is the estimation of the total weight of consignments of drugs based on subsamples of which a certain fraction may not contain drugs at all. The frequentist approach to this concentrates on obtaining confidence intervals for the total weight, based on estimation of the fraction of drugs and the mean and variance of the weights of drug units. The current study shows that the resulting confidence intervals are basically unreliable, since they are based on an underestimation of the variation of the underlying statistical process. Two alternatives are given that yield asymptotically correct results. These are not reliable for small subsamples either, though, because of the inherent multimodal behaviour of the sample mean... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263256 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263255&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141556%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jauchem JR Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law-enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without causing lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures during law-enforcement operations. The purpose of this technical note is to describe, in detail, some aspects of an anesthetized swine model used in our laboratory and to answer specific questions related to the model. In particular, tiletamine/zolazepam-induced, propofol-maintained anesthesia appears to be a useful technique for studying effects of CEW applications on muscle contraction and blood factors such as muscle enzymes. Because effects of CEWs on breathing have not been fully elucidated, a spontaneously breathing model is preferable to one in wh... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263255 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263254&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141557%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a system for estimating age based on the timing and pattern of vertebral ring union. Data from 57 known individuals aged 14-27 years were used to establish age ranges for various patterns of union in females and males. Female age ranges were more well defined with less overlap in patterns of union than male age ranges. The age ranges are accompanied by descriptions of the stages of union observed that aid in applying this method. A test of interobserver error in scoring stages of union demonstrated strong consistency among three observers (r = 0.91-0.97). Estimating age by observing all stages documented resulted in 78%, 88%, and 100% accuracies using vertebral data alone. We encourage the continued use of this method, in conjunction with other age indicators. PMID: 20141557... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263254 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263253&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141558%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, hair samples treated with 55 different red hair dyes were analyzed using UV-visible microspectrophotometry between 200 and 700 nm. Using air as a background reference gave the best results, although mounting media such as glycerin could also be used. The contribution of the hair substrate is predominantly observed in the range of 300-400 nm while the dye peak is evident in the range of 425-550 nm. It was found that the presence of hair dye reduces the overall intrasample variability of the hair color. In addition, visual inspection and spectral interpretation showed that dyed hair exhibits distinct and discernable shades. The color of all samples was stable during storage and while all hair dyes fade with washing, significant fading of the color was only evident after daily ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263253 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263252&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141559%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stout PA, Simons KD, Kerrigan S A method capable of quantifying endogenous concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in human head hair was developed and validated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Hair was digested under alkaline conditions, and GHB was isolated using liquid-liquid extraction. LC/MS/MS was performed using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the negative mode, multiple reaction monitoring, and deuterated internal standard (GHB-D(6)). Linearity was observed between 0.1 and 100 ng/mg GHB (R(2) = 1.000). The limits of detection and quantitation in human hair were 0.2 and 0.4 ng/mg, respectively. Accuracy at 2 ng/mg and 10 ng/mg was determined to be 97% and 94%, and intra-assay CVs at these concentrations were ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263252 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263251&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141560%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fanton L, Gustin MP, Paultre U, Schrag B, Malicier D Studies of the method of estimating age at death by the 4th rib exclusively concerned the phase method without fundamentally challenging the method as such. The present study analyzed observation of the variables on which the Işcan method is based. Ten observers made two assessments of the stage of pit depth, pit shape, rim and wall configurations of 59 right 4th ribs harvested from males (mean age: 49 years; range: 47-94 years). Observation showed poor reproducibility and repeatability for all three variables (Wilcoxon test, kappa-coefficient). Analysis of problem ribs revealed difficulty in measuring and imprecision in describing pit depth and failure to take account of continual aging for the other two variables. De... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263251 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263250&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141561%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that penetrating trauma of the type used in this study cannot be considered a major factor in the rate of decomposition and time to skeletonization of a gunshot trauma victim. PMID: 20141561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263250 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263249&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141562%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bachrach B, Jain A, Jung S, Koons RD Tool mark identification relies on the premise that microscopic imperfections on a tool's working surface are sufficiently unique and faithfully transferred to enable a one-to-one association between a tool and the tool marks it creates. This paper presents a study undertaken to assess the validity of this premise. As part of this study sets of striated tool marks were created under different conditions and on different media. The topography of these tool marks was acquired and the degree of similarity between them was quantified using well-defined metrics. An analysis of the resulting matching and nonmatching similarity distributions shows nearly error-free identification under most conditions. These results provide substantial support for... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263249 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220965&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102464%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lathrop SL, Dick TB, Nolte KB Medical examiner files from 1990 through 2004 were reviewed to identify fatalities caused by drivers traveling the wrong direction on interstate highways and identify risk factors and prevention strategies. Other fatal nonpedestrian interstate motor vehicle crashes served as a comparison group. Data abstracted included decedent demographics, driver/passenger status, seatbelt use, blood alcohol concentration, weather and light at time of occurrence and types of vehicles involved. Of 1171, 79 (6.7%) interstate motor vehicle fatalities were because of drivers traveling against the posted direction in 49 crashes, with one to five fatalities per crash. Wrong-way collisions were significantly more likely to occur during darkness (p < 0.0001) and invo... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220965 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220964&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102465%26dopt%3DAbstract This article aims to increase accuracy in estimating the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) for bodies recovered from rivers in the United Kingdom. Data were collected from closed case files, crime scene reports, and autopsy files concerning bodies recovered over a 15-year period from the River Clyde, Scotland, and the River Mersey and canals in northwest England. One hundred and eighty-seven cases met the study criteria and were scored by quantifying the overall amount of decomposition observed in each case. Statistical analysis showed that the duration of a body's submergence in water and the temperatures to which it was exposed, as measured in accumulated degree days (ADD), had a significant effect on the decay process. Further analysis indicated that there were no significant differ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220964 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220963&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar O, Pradhan S, Sehgal P, Singh Y, Vijayaraghavan R Ricin is a glycoprotein from Ricinus communis seeds. It is known to have diverse toxic effects on cells of different visceral organs. In the present study, we purified and denatured ricin in a boiling water bath for different time intervals. We further made an attempt to identify native and denatured ricin by immunobased detection systems. All the antigen/antibody-based assays identified native and denatured ricin. On SDS-PAGE, only native ricin was observed. In western blotting, ricin boiled for 3.75 min gave a strong band on X-ray film. On native polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis, native and denatured ricin gave ricin band in 60-kDa region. The denatured ricin did cause mortality up to 25 mg/kg, while 5 and 10 mug/kg ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220963 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220962&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102467%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the literature on smooth pursuit eye movement and gaze nystagmus with a focus on normative responses, the influence of alcohol on these behaviors, and stimulus conditions similar to those used in the HGN sobriety test. Factors such as age, stimulus and background conditions, medical conditions, prescription medications, and psychiatric disorder were found to affect the smooth pursuit phase of HGN. Much less literature is available for gaze nystagmus, but onset of nystagmus may occur in some sober subjects at 45 degrees or less. We conclude that HGN is limited by large variability in the underlying normative behavior, from methods and testing environments that are often poorly controlled, and from a lack of rigorous validation in laboratory settings. PMID: 20102467 ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220962 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220961&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Byard RW, Langlois N, Gilbert JD Despite having significant internal injuries, victims of motor vehicle accidents may have surprisingly few external manifestations of trauma. The water test describes a technique whereby water placed in an upwardly facing ear results in drainage from the nose and opposite ear, thus demonstrating transcranial passage of water. This sign can be demonstrated in cases of blunt cranial trauma where there is a "hinge" fracture involving the petrous temporal bones bilaterally associated with a ring fracture extending around the foramen magnum posteriorly. Such a fracture results in separation of the posterior and middle cranial fossae providing a track for water to traverse. The water test provides a quick and noninvasive method for demonstrating the ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220961 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220960&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102469%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these new methods seem to be more robust to distribution deviations than originally proposed by Samworth and Gowland (2007). They are therefore suitable for immediate and reliable forensic usage in the United States and worthy of further research for their use in North American forensic contexts. PMID: 20102469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220960 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220959&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102470%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effects of heat on the amplification of DNA from the dental pulp of Sus scrofa molars and investigated the protection afforded to the pulp tissue by the dental enamel, alveolar process, and soft tissue of the head. Segments of defleshed maxilla and mandible encasing the first molar (n = 60) were subject to a range of temperatures for 15 min. Dental pulps were retrieved. Amplifications using three-primer and four-primer multiplexes showed no degradation of the largest fragment following exposure to 450 degrees C. Amplifications in the three-primer multiplex (283 bp) were successful following exposure to 525 degrees C in maxillary samples only. This study revealed the enamel density of maxillary molars to be greater than mandibular molars in Sus scrofa. Following inci... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220959 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220958&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102471%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates the importance of assembling local population-specific developmental tables when estimating larval age to determine PMI. PMID: 20102471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220958 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220957&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kettner M, Ramsthaler F, Schnabel A Aspiration of blood is a phenomenon observed in violent and natural death scenarios. Bloodstain patterns evolving from expectoration of aspired blood may look suspicious of a violent genesis and thus mislead crime scene investigators. In the present case, a woman was found lying in a pool of blood on the kitchen floor. Furthermore, bloodstains covered her face, clothing, and surrounding furniture and walls. Bloodstain pattern analysis and medicolegal inspection of the suspected scene of crime were carried out and revealed dispersed stains with enclosed gas bubbles in the absence of signs of physical violence leading to the assessment of a natural manner of death. The bloodstains were attributed to expiration of blood because of an internal b... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220957 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220956&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Powers CM, Blanchette MG, Brault JR, Flynn J, Siegmund GP Tribometers are mechanical devices used to measure walkway coefficient of friction (COF) for the purpose of assessing slip risk. The purpose of this study was to define a tribometer reference standard and use it to assess the performance of various tribometers. Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to walk across one of four wet walkway surfaces (polished black granite, porcelain, vinyl composition tile, and ceramic tile) to establish the relative slipperiness of each surface. Eleven tribometers were subsequently used to measure and rank the COF of all four surfaces. Our results revealed that only four of the 11 tribometers (Wessex pendulum, Sigler pendulum, Mark II, and Mark III) met our compliance criteria by both co... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220956 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220955&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stein ML, Schlesinger LB, Pinizzotto AJ A closed case-file review of 211 sexual homicides identified 16 cases of necrophilia. The results of this unique descriptive study of necrophilia associated with sexual homicide provide information on crime-scene locations, methods of killing, body disposition, premortem sexual assault, specifics of the necrophilic acts, methods of victim abduction, and motivational dynamics. The findings suggest that the most common explanation for necrophilia-the offender's desire to have an unresisting partner-may not always be applicable in cases where this rare paraphilia is connected to sexual murder. The possibility of using crime-scene behaviors in these cases to investigate serial sexual murders is offered. PMID: 20102474 [PubMed - as suppli... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220955 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220954&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102475%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Besana JL, Rogers TL The frontal sinuses are known to be unique to each individual; however, no one has tested the independence of the frontal sinus traits to see if probability analysis through trait combination is a viable method of identifying an individual using the frontal sinuses. This research examines the feasibility of probability trait combination, based on criteria recommended in the literature, and examines two other methods of identification using the frontal sinuses: discrete trait combinations and superimposition pattern matching. This research finds that most sinus traits are dependent upon one another and thus cannot be used in probability combinations. When looking at traits that are independent, this research finds that metric methods are too fraught with po... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220954 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220953&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102476%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a 23-year follow-up of the case of a transvestite, possibly transsexual, man who killed his mother by strangulation at the age of 20, and later in two separate cases strangled a female victim towards whom he felt sexual desire. He reported being sexually aroused by being strangled himself. The case raises questions concerning legislation which does not allow life-long control of criminals. PMID: 20102476 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220953 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220973&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buchard A, Linnet K, Johansen SS, Munkholm J, Fregerslev M, Morling N We investigated toxicological and pharmacogenetic factors that could influence methadone toxicity using postmortem samples. R- and S-methadone were measured in femoral blood from 90 postmortem cases, mainly drug users. The R-enantiomer concentrations significantly exceeded that of the S-enantiomers (Wilcoxon's test, p < 0.001). The samples were divided into four groups according to other drugs detected (methadone only, methadone and strong analgesics, methadone and benzodiazepines, or methadone and other drugs). There was no significant difference in any of the R-methadone/total methadone ratios among the four groups. The median R/S ratio was 1.38, which tends to be higher than that reported for the plasm... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220973 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220972&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102451%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 48 bullets fired from six different barrel manufacturers are classified into different groups based on the width class characteristic for each land engraved area of the bullets. Then the cross-correlation function is applied both for automatic selection of the effective correlation area, and for the extraction of a 2D bullet profile signature. Based on the cross-correlation maximum values, a list of top ranking candidates against a ballistics signature database of bullets fired from the same model firearm is developed. The correlation results show a 9.3% higher accuracy rate compared with a currently used commercial system based on optical reflection. This suggests that correlation results can be improved using the sequence of methods described here. PMID: 20102451 [PubM... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220972 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220971&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102452%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined 33 letters of Korean self-immolators, compared with 33 suicide notes of a matched sample of more common suicides. An analysis of intrapsychic factors (suicide as unbearable pain, psychopathology) and interpersonal factors (suicide as murderous impulses and need to escape) revealed that, although one can use the same psychological characteristics or dynamics to understand the deaths, the state of mind of martyrs is more extreme, such that the pain is reported to be even more unbearable. Yet, there are differences, such as there was no ambivalence in the altruistic notes. It is concluded that intrapsychic and interpersonal characteristics are central in understanding martyrs, probably equal to community or societal factors. More forensic study is, however, warranted. PMID: 20... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220971 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220970&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102453%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the degree of correlation between the chronological and dental ages for each gender is also very good although it is slightly higher for females. PMID: 20102453 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220970 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220969&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Linert B, Regnier J, Doyle BW, Prahlow JA A vast majority of firearms-related suicides involve the conventional use of a properly functioning, intact firearm. Occasionally, forensic investigators encounter a case wherein the firearm suicide victim employs some form of unconventional use of a weapon, or utilizes an unusual weapon type. In this case report, the authors present an unusual case in which a man committed suicide by using a shotgun shell, a shotgun barrel (separate from the rest of the gun), and a BB. Some confusion as to the cause and manner of death was present during the initial scene investigation. Examination at autopsy revealed the cause of death to be a shotgun wound of the chest and prompted further scene investigation. Therefore, this case serves as another ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220969 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220968&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verkouteren JR, Coleman JL, Cho I A method is described to perform automated mapping of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) particles in C-4 fingerprints. The method employs polarized light microscopy and image analysis to map the entire fingerprint and the distribution of RDX particles. This method can be used to evaluate a large number of fingerprints to aid in the development of threat libraries that can be used to determine performance requirements of explosive trace detectors. A series of 50 C-4 fingerprints were characterized, and results show that the number of particles varies significantly from print to print, and within a print. The particle size distributions can be used to estimate the mass of RDX in the fingerprint. These estimates were found to be withi... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220968 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220967&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102456%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the instigation of a policy on the verbal notification of the next of kin when organs are retained can be successfully implemented. PMID: 20102456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220967 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3220966&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20102457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulz MM, Buschner MG, Leidig R, Wehner HD, Fritz P, Häbig K, Bonin M, Schütz M, Shiozawa T, Wehner F There are forensic inquiries in which an identification of epithelial cell types would provide important probative evidence. In cancer diagnosis, this information is yielded by histological examination of cytokeratin (Ck). Therefore, we tested 19 antibodies against different Cks (Ck1, Ck2e, Ck4, Ck5-6, Ck7, Ck8, Ck9, CK10, Ck13, Ck14, Ck15, Ck16, Ck17, Ck18, Ck19, Ck20, Ck903, PanCkAE1_3, and CAM5-2) on histological sections of epidermis, buccal mucosa, vaginal mucosa, penis, urogenital tract, and rectum and could identify two antigens unique to buccal-cell and vaginal-cell (Ck4) and skin epithelial-cell (Ck10) cytokeratin. Subsequently, we developed an immunocytolo... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3220966 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3220966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179205&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sgarlato A, Deroux SJ Despite the implementation of numerous safety devices in automobiles, vehicular occupant fatalities following collisions remain common. We reviewed all fatalities of vehicular occupants in New York City over a 5-year period on whom autopsies were performed (437) to determine the incidence of neck injuries and correlate them with seat belt utilization; 26.5% had neck injuries (mild to severe) and only 10.3% of these occupants were confirmed to be wearing seatbelts. Of those that had documentation of seat belt utilization there were twice as many neck injuries in the unbelted group. We highlight two cases of submarining with severe neck injuries that were related to automatic 2-point shoulder harness restraints without engagement of the lap belt. PMID: ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179205 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179204&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070464%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hlastala MP The alcohol breath test (ABT) has been used for quantification of ethyl alcohol in individuals suspected of driving under the influence for more than 50 years. In this time, there has been little change in the concepts underlying this single breath test. The old model, which assumes that end-exhaled breath alcohol concentration is closely related to alveolar air alcohol concentration, is no longer acceptable. This paper reviews experimental research and mathematical modeling which has evaluated the pulmonary exchange processes for ethyl alcohol. Studies have shown that alcohol exchanges dynamically with the airway tissue both during inspiration and expiration. The airway tissue interaction makes it impossible to deliver air with alveolar alcohol concentration to th... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179204 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179203&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070465%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that adjustment disorder is a risk factor for self-immolation. As a result, it has been suggested that increasing education about problem-solving approaches, and coping skills for females and at-risk groups are appropriate prevention programs and strategies in Iranian communities. PMID: 20070465 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179203 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179202&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodriguez-Cruz SE, Carson KA The routine identification of controlled substances and adulterants during forensic chemistry analysis often involves the identification of counter ions or salt forms present in an exhibit. Here, the use of the compound meso-octamethylcalix(4)pyrrole (C4P) during salt-form identification analysis is presented. C4P is a commercially-available, anion-binding agent that can be reacted with a controlled substance or adulterant, resulting in the sequestration of anionic species, usually present as counter ions to the active ingredient. Formation of noncovalent complexes between the cyclic host C4P compound and anionic guests is investigated using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Complexes with chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, and a... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179202 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179201&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070467%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we present a case of a 57-year-old woman who was decapitated and her right arm and both hands were dismembered. It was determined that the victim was murdered and dismembered by her 33-year-old daughter, who had been receiving treatment for schizophrenia for 15 years. On the victim's head and back there were 71 incised and stab wounds in total. They were superficial, except the five stab wounds which were connected to the right chest cavity and which incapacitated the victim. Although there is not a regulation for the act of dismembering the corpse in the Turkish Penal Code, since this type of case is rare, the crime scene and the autopsy findings were evaluated together with other pertinent data available in the literature. PMID: 20070467 [PubMed - as supplied by publis... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179201 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179200&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070468%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, algorithms should be developed using OPD for different ethnic groups; although Stout and Paine's can be used for Maya and maybe Mesoamerican individuals. PMID: 20070468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179200 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179199&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070469%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the presence of gunshot primer residue at a distance of 6 feet demonstrates the potential for establishing maximum gun-to-target distance for remote shootings. PMID: 20070469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179199 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179198&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swann L, Chidlow GE, Forbes S, Lewis SW In this paper, we report the results of our preliminary studies into chemical characterization of the fluids produced during decomposition in the absence of a soil matrix. Pig (Sus domestica) carcasses were used to model the human decomposition process in two separate locations, Western Australia (Perth) and Canada (Oshawa). Analysis involved simple dilution and filtration of the decomposition fluids followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several previously unreported compounds were detected in the decomposition fluid samples during the trials, including benzeneacetic acid, benzenepropionic acid, 2-piperidone, and isocaproic acid. Possible biosynthetic pathways for some of the compounds produced are proposed. Further research ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179198 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179197&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antoine KM, Mortazavi S, Miller AD, Miller LM The identification of aged latent fingerprints is often difficult, especially for those of children. To understand this phenomenon, the chemical composition of children's versus adults' latent fingerprints was examined over time using Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that children's and adults' prints were distinguishable for up to 4 weeks after deposition, based on differences in sebum composition. Specifically, adults had a higher lipid content than children, but both decreased over time, attributable to the volatility of free fatty acids. The aliphatic CH(3), aliphatic CH(2), and carbonyl ester compositions changed differently in adults versus children over time, consistent with highe... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179197 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179196&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20070472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raxter MH, Ruff CB Most humans possess 24 presacral vertebrae composed of seven cervicals, 12 thoracics, and five lumbars. However, variation from this standard pattern exists. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of congenital vertebral numerical variation on anatomical stature estimates and to recommend appropriate procedures when such variation occurs. Our sample consists of 41 individuals with unusual vertebral count patterns and known cadaveric statures from the Smithsonian's Terry Collection. Raxter et al. published a revised Fully anatomical technique in 2006 and we used this to estimate living stature. Based on our results, we recommend using the standard anatomical technique to reconstruct stature, regardless of vertebral pattern. However, when an individu... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179196 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105621&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015167%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lopez-Leon M, Rosner R The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate if there is a difference between the intelligence quotient (IQ) of 27 adolescent defendants referred to the Bellevue Hospital Center Forensic Psychiatry Clinic after committing violent crimes, and those adolescents in the same age group in the general population of the United States, as defined by the norms of the psychometric testing instrument Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV). The IQ scores and sub-scores were compared to IQ scores of the general population (mean = 100, SD = 15) using a Z-test. The mean for the Full Scale IQ was 82.93. The means for the subtests which include Processing Speed Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Verbal Comprehension Index, and Working Mem... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105621 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105626&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015162%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Opel KL, Chung D, McCord BR In this project, real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to study the mechanism of PCR inhibition through examination of the effect of amplicon length, melting temperature, and sequence. Specifically designed primers with three different amplicon lengths and three different melting temperatures were used to target a single homozygous allele in the HUMTH01 locus. The effect on amplification efficiency for each primer pair was determined by adding different concentrations of various PCR inhibitors to the reaction mixture. The results show that a variety of inhibition mechanisms can occur during the PCR process depending on the type of co-extracted inhibitor. These include Taq inhibition, DNA template binding, and effects on reaction eff... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105626 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105625&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015163%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donnelly S, Marrero JE, Cornell T, Fowler K, Allison J Anyone with a computer, scanner, and color printer has the capability for creating documents such as identification cards, passports, and counterfeit currency. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for colorant analysis. Inkjet printers are now moving largely toward the use of pigments as colorants; their insolubility makes analysis by simpler methods such as thin-layer chromatography no longer an option. Recent developments in pigmented inkjet printer inks, such as gloss optimizers that coat pigment particles, may prohibit colorant analysis by LDMS. We demonstrate here that pigments used in inks from two Epson printers can be detected and analyzed by LDMS. Also, LDMS spectra of... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105625 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105624&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015164%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kanchan T, Menezes RG, Moudgil R, Kaur R, Kotian MS, Garg RK Stature is a significant parameter in establishing identity of an unknown. Conventionally, researchers derive regression formula separately for males and females. Sex, however, may not always be determined accurately, particularly in dismembered remains and thus the need for a universal regression formula for stature estimation irrespective of sex of an individual. The study was carried out in an endogamous group of North India to compare the accuracy of sex-specific regression models for stature estimation from foot length with the models derived when the sex was presumed as unknown. The study reveals that regression equation derived for the latter can estimate stature with reasonable accuracy. Thus, stature can be ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105624 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105623&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015165%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benson SJ, Lennard CJ, Maynard P, Hill DM, Andrew AS, Neal K, Stuart-Williams H, Hope J, Stewart Walker G, Roux C Comparability of data over time and between laboratories is a key issue for consideration in the development of global databases, and more broadly for quality assurance in general. One mechanism that can be utilized for evaluating traceability is an inter-laboratory trial. This paper addresses an inter-laboratory trial conducted across a number of Australian and New Zealand isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) laboratories. The main objective of this trial was to determine whether IRMS laboratories in these countries would record comparable values for the distributed samples. Four carbon containing and four nitrogen containing compounds were distributed to seven ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105623 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105622&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015166%26dopt%3DAbstract This study, the first in a planned series, presents validation data for the measurement of bulk nitrogen isotope ratios in ammonium nitrate (AN) using the DELTA(plus)XP (Thermo Finnigan) IRMS instrument equipped with a ConFlo III interface and FlashEA 1112 elemental analyzer (EA). Appropriate laboratory standards, analytical methods and correction calculations were developed and evaluated. A validation protocol was developed in line with the guidelines provided by the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA). Performance characteristics including: accuracy, precision/repeatability, reproducibility/ruggedness, robustness, linear range, and measurement uncertainty were evaluated for the measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios in AN. AN (99.5%) and ammonium thiocyanate (99... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105622 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015820&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925584%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that N(2)O can be detected in biological samples even 1 month after death. PMID: 19925584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015820 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015819&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goddard AJ, Hillman AR, Bond JW The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is capable of imaging fingerprint ridges on polished brass substrates at an unprecedented level of detail. While exposure to elevated humidity at ambient or slightly raised temperatures does not change the image appreciably, subsequent brief heating in a flame results in complete loss of the sweat deposit and the appearance of pits and trenches. Localized elemental analysis (using EDAX, coupled with SEM imaging) shows the presence of the constituents of salt in the initial deposits. Together with water and atmospheric oxygen-and with thermal enhancement-these are capable of driving a surface corrosion process. This process is sufficiently localized that it has the potential to generate a durable negative topogra... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015819 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015818&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925586%26dopt%3DAbstract We report on a case of extreme sexual self-mutilation in which the subject inflicted severe trauma to his genitalia and then falsely reported a sexual assault. The 30-year-old white male did not report the incident for 10 days and then checked into a hospital. The hospital called the Westminster Police Department after the subject reported that he was the victim of a sexual assault in our city. This case is unusual in that the subject's initial behavior and story did not indicate deception. It was not until the subject's computer was searched that investigators determined that the injuries were self-inflicted. Without this critical information the case might still remain open as a sexual assault. This case is reported to broaden our understanding of this behavior and inform investigators o... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015818 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015817&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925587%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates the investigative process used to pinpoint suture manufacturers by presenting a case where surgical sutures were a distinctive characteristic that aided in the positive identification of skeletal remains. The suture's manufacturer, construction material and structure, size, and medical use was determined by contacting a local surgical suture and orthopedic implant manufacturer and utilizing publicly available manufacturer websites, which provide catalogs and specific product details. This research was one of many lines of evidence used to establish the positive identification of a 47-year-old male. PMID: 19925587 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015817 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015816&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evison M, Dryden I, Fieller N, Mallett X, Morecroft L, Schofield D, Bruegge RV Improvement of methods for evidential facial comparison for the Courts relies on the collection of large databases of facial images that permit the analysis of face shape variation and the development of statistical tools. In this paper, we present a short description and key findings of an anthropometric study of face shape variation in three-dimensions. We used Statistical Shape Analysis to investigate a large database sample (n = 1968), classified by age and gender. We found that size, shape of the bilateral features and midline contributed successively to overall variation. Face size is associated with age. Sexual dimorphism is evident in size and shape, and shows patterns that affect male and f... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015816 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015815&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wendell Todd N, Graw M, Dietzel M The "lateral angle," the angle with which the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal meets the posterior fossa plate, is arguably wider in females (>45 degrees ) than males (<45 degrees ). Not previously addressed, however, are repeatability of angle determination, and whether the extent of temporal bone pneumatization is a confounder. Forty-one adult human cranial specimens (82 clinically normal temporal bones) were studied; no sex information was available for this United States sample. Two casts were created from each ear; each cast was independently categorized twice. No association of lateral angle with mastoid size was found. Repeatability was good. Although bilateral symmetry was suggested (phi = 0.60, p = 0.05), two crania... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015815 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015814&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shon PC The "physical strength hypothesis" (PSH) predicts that where there is the greatest discrepancy in size and strength between offenders and victims, the former will use superior weaponry (e.g., firearms) to overcome structural imbalances against the latter. Using archival data from the New York Times and the Chicago Tribune, 1851-1899, this paper examines the weapons used in attempted and completed parricides in nineteenth-century America. Findings indicate that parricide offenders used firearms most frequently against their fathers while intimate contact methods were used against mothers. When gun usage was combined with level of intent in male offender patricides, where the greatest discrepancy in strength was expected, results indicate that spontaneous gun usage outnu... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015814 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2978140&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895540%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is intended to be a starting point for future research to build statistical models on the formation and evolution of accidental patterns. PMID: 19895540 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2978140 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2978140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2978139&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Repo-Tiihonen E, Tiihonen J, Lindberg N, Weizmann-Henelius G, Putkonen H, Häkkänen H Preventive interventions early in life are likely to lower the risk of intergenerational transmission of criminal behavior. We investigated if psychopathy among homicidal offenders is associated with criminal offending among the offenders' offspring. The basic sample consisted of consecutive Finnish homicide offenders (during 1995-2004) who had been subjected to a forensic psychiatric examination and rated for a file-based PCL-R, and their offspring. Criminal behavior among both genders of the offspring was more common than in the general population. In general, the offspring's crimes against others (e.g., threat, intimidation, deprivation of freedom, breach of domicile) were associa... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2978139 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2978139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2978138&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Turan AA, Karayel FA, Akyildiz E, Pakis I, Uzun I, Gurpinar K, Atılmıs U, Kir Z Nonpenetrating chest trauma with injury to the heart and aorta has become increasingly common, particularly as a result of rapid deceleration in high-speed vehicular accidents, over the past 2-3 decades. The high mortality rate of cardiac injuries and possible late onset complications make blunt cardiac injuries an important challenging point for legal medicine. One hundred and ninety cases with blunt cardiac injuries in a period of 3 years were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patterns of cardiac injury, survival times, and demographic profiles of the cases in this study. PMID: 19895542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2978138 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2978138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2978137&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simmons T, Adlam RE, Moffatt C Comparison of data from a variety of environments and ambient temperatures has previously been difficult as few studies used standardized measures of time/temperature and decomposition. In this paper, data from previous studies and recent experiments are compared using simple conversions. These conversions allow comparison across multiple environments and experiments for the first time. Plotting decomposition score against logADD allows the exponential progression of decomposition to be expressed as a simple linear equation. Data comparison from many environments and temperatures shows no difference in decomposition progression when measured using Accumulated Degree Days. The major effector of change in rate was insect presence, regardless of dep... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2978137 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2978137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2978136&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895544%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the COMT gene genotype distribution and allele frequency is not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). This result suggests that the H/L polymorphism of the COMT gene does not show an association with the potential of "commits-violent offense" of Turkish subjects with mental retardation, compared with control group. PMID: 19895544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2978136 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2978136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2954985&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seidemann RM, Stojanowski CM, Rich FJ A human skull seized by the State of Louisiana from an eBay sale is analyzed. Bioarchaeological analyses of age-at-death, sex, and population affinity suggest the individual represented by the skull was a middle-aged Native American female. The presence of intentional cranial modification independently supports the population affinity assessment while confounding the metric analyses. However, no further specificity as to population affinity could be inferred using existing methods and comparative databases. Sedimentological and palynological analyses were attempted to redress this impasse. The presence of fine-grained charcoal, abundant fungal remains, and small angular quartz grains suggestive of burial in loess, as well as the lack of po... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2954985 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2954985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2954984&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoogeboom B, Alberink I, Goos M For any measurement of a person's height in an image, a difference exists between the actual height of the person and the image measurement. In order to gain knowledge about statistical behavior of differences between actual and measured heights it is necessary to make reference recordings, e.g., of test persons under the same recording conditions. To test whether the differences are dependent on camera and further circumstances, an experiment was set up which involved the measurement of 22 test persons using three cameras of varying quality. Reproducibility of measurements per image appears to be strongly dependent on the camera (quality), whereas systematic bias differs with the view point of the camera. Operator dependency of the measurement ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2954984 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2954984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2954983&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878416%26dopt%3DAbstract This report demonstrates the utility of testing for a wider menu of compounds using LC-MS/MS in order to better characterize the prevalence and toxicities of novel amines such as 2C-I. PMID: 19878416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2954983 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2954983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2954982&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ostrum B PMID: 19878427 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2954982 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2954982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2948551&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19874441%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, there are sufficient sequence polymorphisms of the MTCYB gene in individuals of different populations, which may be used in the analyses of human ethnic groups in forensic casework. PMID: 19874441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2948551 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2948551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2912776&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19840206%26dopt%3DAbstract We report three deaths in young adult males following closed blunt trauma to the head and face where the affected individuals were able to walk away from the incident, before subsequently collapsing and dying a short distance from the site of the assault. In each case, due to the rapidity of the posttrauma collapse, the pathologist was faced with a diagnostic difficulty at autopsy; the external examination revealed multiple injuries to the head and face, but internal examinations showed limited findings with no structural explanation for the death. We discuss possible mechanisms that could account for this scenario, the implications of alcohol consumption with a concussive head injury, and parallels that can be drawn with the so-called "talk and die,""talk and deteriorate," and "second imp... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2912776 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2912776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2912775&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19840207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giese H, Lam R, Selden R, Tan E The time required for short tandem repeat (STR) amplification is determined by the temperature ramp rates of the thermal cycler, the components of the reaction mix, and the properties of the reaction vessel. Multiplex amplifications in microfluidic biochip-based and conventional tube-based thermal cyclers have been demonstrated in 17.3 and 19 min, respectively. Optimized 28-cycle amplification protocols generated alleles with signal strengths above calling thresholds, heterozygous peak height ratios of greater than 0.65, and incomplete nontemplate nucleotide addition and stutter of less than 15%. Full CODIS-compatible profiles were generated using the Profiler Plus ID, COfiler and Identifiler primer sets. PCR performance over a wide range of DNA... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2912775 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2912775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2912774&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19840208%26dopt%3DAbstract This study incorporated Axis-II and Axis-IV factors in DSM-IV to test the relationship between predicted risk for violence assessed in the psychiatric emergency room and actual violence during hospitalization. Psychiatric nurses lack an objective instrument to use during the acute psychiatric assessment. The retrospective study comprised consecutive psychiatric admissions (n = 161) in one tertiary veterans' hospital. Statistical testing for the predictive power of risk factors, relationships between variables, and violent events included nonparametric tests, factor analysis, and logistic regression. Of the 32 patients who committed violence during hospitalization, 12 had committed violence in the psychiatric emergency room. Statistical significance was shown for violent incidents and demen... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2912774 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2912774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887565&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scott AL, Congram D, Sweet D, Fonseca S, Skinner M This case review illustrates the important contributions of forensic archeological methods and forensic anthropological analysis to the identification of found skeletal remains. After reassociation of skeletal remains found in two locations, anthropological analysis provided the basis for a presumptive identification and a request for antemortem medical records. Partial DNA profiles were supportive but not conclusive and antemortem dental records were not available. Comparison of antemortem traumas, skeletal morphology, and surgical artifacts with antemortem radiographs and surgical records led to positive identification of an individual missing for almost a decade. PMID: 19818106 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sourc... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887565 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887564&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818107%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents an unusual case of a suicide carried out by means of a fatal gunshot wound to the head using a home-made zip gun. A 49-year-old male, with a history of paranoid psychosis was found dead in the dwelling place of a family house. The investigation at the crime scene did not lead to suspicion of a gunshot wound because of the unusual nature of the firearm used. A medical examiner diagnosed an opened head injury as the primary cause of the victim's death. The autopsy findings provided immediate grounds for further inspection of the crime scene. Subsequently, a simple zip gun, which had been overlooked during the scene investigation, was discovered. An undeformed projectile recovered from the victim's head was consistent with the use of the home-made firearm. Following the ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887564 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887563&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stamper T, Davis P, Debry RW The behavioral patterns of nocturnal oviposition represent a window of time that potentially has a large impact on postmortem interval estimations. We investigated the behavioral patterns of carrion flies at night by exposing euthanized rats between sunset and sunrise to see if carrion flies oviposited upon the carrion over two consecutive summers. We investigated urban and rural locations, in both lit and unlit conditions with n = 125. We found that nocturnal ovipositing did not occur in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. We conclude that nocturnal oviposition is an unlikely event in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. PMID: 19818108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887563 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887562&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818109%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ward J, Gilmore SR, Robertson J, Peakall R Plant material is frequently encountered in criminal investigations but often overlooked as potential evidence. We designed a DNA-based molecular identification system for 100 Australian grasses that consisted of a series of polymerase chain reaction assays that enabled the progressive identification of grasses to different taxonomic levels. The identification system was based on DNA sequence variation at four chloroplast and two mitochondrial loci. Seventeen informative indels and 68 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were utilized as molecular markers for subfamily to species-level identification. To identify an unknown sample to subfamily level required a minimum of four markers or nine markers for species identification. The accuracy... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887562 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887561&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818110%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a recent investigation into the death of a cat that was initially thought to involve intentionally burning the animal via the use of an ignitable liquid. The exposure of the animal to flame was ruled out. Instead, forensic investigation revealed the intentional mixing together of a common outdoor swimming pool chlorinator, trichlorocyanuric acid (TCCA), and 2-propanol (aka, isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol). The reaction of these two chemicals resulted in the formation of cyanuric acid residue, hydrochloric acid, and the evolution of a significant volume of chlorine gas. Further alpha-chlorination side reactions also occurred between 2-propanol and TCCA to produce a variety of chlorinated 2-propanone species that were detected on the submitted evidence. The identification of ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887561 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887560&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818111%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garvin AM, Bottinelli M, Gola M, Conti A, Soldati G The standard method to purify sperm DNA from vaginal swabs taken from rape victims is to selectively digest the victim's epithelial cells to solubilize the victim's DNA, and then separate the soluble DNA from the intact sperm by centrifugation. A different approach to removing the soluble victim's DNA is to selectively degrade it using a nuclease, DNase I. DNase I reduces the amount of soluble DNA by over 1000-fold, while having virtually no effect on the sperm DNA remaining in the sperm head and inaccessible to the enzyme. Nuclease inactivation and sperm lysis then yield a soluble, pure male DNA fraction. An aliquot of soluble DNA is removed prior to nuclease addition to provide the victim's fraction. Vaginal swabs taken at ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887560 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887559&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818112%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was divided into two parts: in the first, we tested different decalcifying methods to determine the most appropriate for femoral bone; in the second part, we used computer-assisted histomorphometry to estimate age at death in 29 samples of femoral bone. We measured intact osteon density (N.On), fragmented osteon density (N.On.Fg) and percentage of lamellar bone surface per unit area (Lm.B.Ar) in the cortex of the femoral midshaft, on four or 20 fields per section. We found that 20% nitric acid solution at room temperature proved to be the best decalcifying method, with a mean decalcification duration of 1 week. Fragmented osteon density was found to be the morphometric feature most closely correlated with age, followed by intact osteon density; Lm.B.Ar. did not increase accuracy... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887559 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887558&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19818113%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Felthous AR, Weaver D, Evans R, Braik S, Stanford MS, Johnson R, Metzger C, Bazile A, Barratt E Measurements of impulsive and premeditated aggression, developed recently, have been applied to prison and outpatient populations without severe mental disorders. Comparable measures of impulsive and premeditated aggression have not been developed for populations with a severe mental disorder. A practical difficulty is that seriously disturbed, thought-disordered patients are incapable of providing reliable historical information. The investigators adapted the Barratt-Stanford instrument for differentiating impulsive from premeditated aggression so that instead of serving as an interview schedule, it could be used to assess aggression from previously documented written descriptions.... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887558 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2887558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872513&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christensen AM, Crowder CM As issues of professional standards and error rates continue to be addressed in the courts, forensic anthropologists should be proactive by developing and adhering to professional standards of best practice. There has been recent increased awareness and interest in critically assessing some of the techniques used by forensic anthropologists, but issues such as validation, error rates, and professional standards have seldom been addressed. Here we explore the legal impetus for this trend and identify areas where we can improve regarding these issues. We also discuss the recent formation of a Scientific Working Group for Forensic Anthropology (SWGANTH), which was created with the purposes of encouraging discourse among anthropologists and developing an... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872513 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872512&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804521%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a new national disaster victim/forensic identification imaging system-Fimag-which is applicable for both contaminated and non-contaminated mass fatality imaging and addresses the issues of judicial reporting. We suggest this system opens a new era in radiological diagnostics for mass fatalities. PMID: 19804521 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872512 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872511&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804522%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richmond R, Pretty IA Forensic organizations worldwide have recommended that dental prostheses should be marked with, at a minimum, the patient's name and preferably with further unique identifiers such as a social security number. The current study aimed to assess the denture marking practice of dental schools within the United States and the United Kingdom. A questionnaire-based survey was employed to gain both quantitative and qualitative data on the methods, practices, and ethos behind denture marking in 14 U.K. and 32 U.S. dental schools. One hundred percent of U.K. and 87.5% of U.S. schools returned surveys and the results suggest that, for dental schools where there is no legal or legislative need for denture marking, the practice is inconsistently taught and appears to... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872511 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872510&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804523%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poon H, Elliott J, Modler J, Frégeau C Following implementation of our automated process incorporating the Promega DNA IQ(TM) system as a DNA extraction method, a large number of blood-containing exhibits failed to produce DNA. These exhibits had been tested with the Hemastix((R)) reagent strip, commonly used by police investigators and forensic laboratories as a screening test for blood. Some exhibits were even tainted green following transfer of the presumptive test reagents onto the samples. A series of experiments were carried out to examine the effect of the Hemastix((R)) chemistries on the DNA IQ(TM) system. Our results indicate that one or more chemicals imbedded in the Hemastix((R)) reagent strip severely reduce the ability to recover DNA from any suspected stain ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872510 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872509&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804524%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gill JR, Rainwater CW, Adams BJ Santeria and Palo Mayombe are syncretic religions created in the New World based upon African religious beliefs combined with Christianity. The main worship of Palo Mayombe involves religious receptacles that may contain earth, sticks, varied artifacts, and animal and human remains. Due to the use of human and nonhuman remains, discovery of these items often leads to involvement by the police due to a concern of homicide. We review in detail the medical examiner records of two of these ritualistic cases including the autopsy, anthropology, police, and investigators' reports. For the human remains, careful consideration of the context in which the remains were recovered, their state of preservation, and the associated artifacts (e.g., beads and m... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872509 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872508&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: West JB, Hurley JM, Dudás FO, Ehleringer JR Effectively addressing marijuana trade is aided by understanding marijuana geographic sources. We analyzed the (87)Sr/(86)Sr of marijuana samples grown in 79 counties across the United States to determine if a primary geologic signal is retained in marijuana, which could therefore be useful for geographic sourcing. The marijuana results were compared with modeled bedrock (87)Sr/(86)Sr values based on (87)Rb decay rates and a generalized geologic map of the U.S.A. A significant correlation was observed between marijuana (87)Sr/(86)Sr and modeled bedrock (87)Sr/(86)Sr. Although values clustered near the 1:1 relationship, there was a predominance of positive anomalies, perhaps attributable to carbonate bedrock. A small number of ne... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872508 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872507&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gonzalez-Aguilera D, Gomez-Lahoz J Forensic terrestrial photogrammetry is one of the most valuable and low-cost resources of spatial data available today. Due to the ephemeral crime scene characteristics, these photographs can often capture information that is never to be seen again. This paper presents a novelty approach for the documentation, analysis, and visualization of crime scenes for which only a single perspective image is available. The photogrammetric process consists of a few well-known steps in close-range photogrammetry: features extraction, vanishing points computation, camera self-calibration, 3D metric reconstruction, dimensional analysis, and interactive visualization. Likewise, the method incorporates a quality control of the different steps accomplished seq... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872507 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872506&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guyomarc'h P, Campagna-Vaillancourt M, Chaltchi A, Sauvageau A Here presented is the case of a one-level jumping-fall with extensive skull fractures and brain expulsion. The body was found on the basement floor at the foot of the stairs. At the autopsy, the skull was extensively fractured, with about half of the brain expulsed several feet away from the body. The cause of death was established as a craniocerebral trauma with brain expulsion. The circumstances and manner of death were still unclear at that time. A low fall seemed very unlikely considering the severity of the skull and brain damage. The police investigation clearly revealed that the man, in a paranoid psychotic state, attacked his wife with a knife and then was witnessed by his children to have hit his head seve... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872506 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872505&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schwarz L Analytical standards are needed in latent fingerprint detection for research and development as well as for quality control in routine work because normal fingerprints are too varied for comparison studies and tests. One way is to create latent fingerprints. For the amino acid sensitive detection method this can be achieved by coating test items with an amino acid solution using a modified commercial office bubble jet printer. Besides low costs, fast and easy preparation, the main advantage of a bubble jet printer is that the amino acid loading per area on the test item can be calculated by weighing the cartridge on a balance. This opens the possibility to determine the deviation for every printing series. The reproducibility of prints in a printing series made by on... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872505 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872504&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Savic S, Stevanovic R, Alempijevic D, Petkovic S, Baralic I Retrospective examination of 5-year autopsy material showed the presence of posttraumatic gastroduodenal ulcers (PGDU) in 17.7% of decedents deemed to be at risk. They were more common in males (77%) and in patients aged over 50. In the majority of cases (76%) the survival period was <12 days; in 16.5% it was < 48 h. PGDU developed most commonly in victims of polytrauma and isolated craniocerebral injury, with ISS values >/=16; patients with spinal cord injuries were at greatest risk. Most frequently affected was the stomach, exhibiting numerous, usually superficial lesions, while solitary acute and exacerbated chronic peptic ulcers were more common in the duodenum. Complications of PGDU developed in 40% of c... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872504 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872503&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804530%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we present a multiplex typing method that couples ligase detection reaction with PCR that can be used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms and small-scale insertion/deletions in a sample of severely fragmented DNA. This method adopts thermostable ligation for allele discrimination and subsequent PCR for signal enhancement. In this study, four polymorphic loci were used to assess the ability of this technique to discriminate alleles in an artificially degraded sample of DNA with fragment sizes <100 bp. Our results showed clear allelic discrimination of single or multiple loci, suggesting that this method might aid in the analysis of extremely degraded samples in which allelic drop out of larger fragments is observed. PMID: 19804530 [PubMed - as supplied by publi... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872503 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872502&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804531%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the characteristics of subway train-related fatalities in New York City between Jan. 1, 2003 and May 31, 2007 in order to determine which factors are useful in differentiating accident from suicide. Subway train-related deaths with homicide and undetermined manners also are included. During this period, there were 211 subway train-related fatalities. The manners of death were: suicide (n = 111), accident (n = 76), undetermined (n = 20), and homicide (n = 4). The causes of death were blunt trauma (n = 206) and electrocution (n = 5). Torso transection and extremity amputation were more frequent in suicides. Antidepressant medications were more frequently detected in suicides, whereas cocaine and ethanol were more frequent in accidents. However, autopsy findings should be weighed ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872502 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2872501&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804532%26dopt%3DAbstract This study analyzed DNA degradation in 24 extracted teeth after storage at room temperature for 0, 2, 5, and 10 years. DNA concentration, quantified by dot-blot hybridization, declined significantly for the first 2 years, but there was no significant further degradation from the second to the tenth year of storage. COfiler analysis was used and the allelic dropout ratio for the amelogenin locus relative to CSF1PO locus was also estimated. Statistically significant differences were found between fresh teeth and teeth from the 2- and 5-year groups but not from the 10-year group. Under our storage conditions most of the DNA degradation occurred during the first 2 years. Further research is needed to control for individual and external factors that could affect DNA. PMID: 19804532 [PubMed ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2872501 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2872501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2856193&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19788702%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a patient on chronic hemodialysis with a history of depression and suicidal ideation who bit into his forearm arteriovenous graft and exsanguinated. PMID: 19788702 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2856193 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2856193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2856192&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19788703%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reviewed the literature on RBD with regard to potentially lethal behavior. A total of 39-41 clinical cases of RBD associated with potentially lethal behaviors to self and/or others were found, involving a child and adults of all age groups, that manifested as choking/headlock (n = 22-24), defenestration/near-defenestration (n = 7), and diving from bed (n = 10). A total of 80.8% (n = 21) were males; 19.2% (n = 5) were females; mean age was 65.6 +/- (SD) 13.8 years (range: 27-81 years, and a child). (Gender/age data were not listed in the remaining cases.) An etiologic association of RBD with a neurologic disorder (or with pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders, n = 4) was present in 21-23 patients. Thus, RBD carries well-documented, potential forensic consequences during RBD ep... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2856192 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2856192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2856191&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19788704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Törő K, Dunay G, Róna K, Klausz G, Fehér S Determination of the associations between alcohol influence and sudden natural death represents challenges for medicolegal investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alcohol influence in medicolegal autopsies. In our study of natural and non-natural deaths cases (5496 total: 4045 males, 1451 females) were examined. Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were detected by headspace gas chromatographic method. We investigated the alcohol-related mortality using hierarchical log-linear statistical models. Severe BACs were detected among suicidal victims in the oldest age group (>65 years) (InF = 0.442) and among the homicide victims between the age of 40-65 years (InF = 0.234). Correlat... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2856191 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2856191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2856190&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19788705%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, epidermal nuclear area, perimeter, nuclear form factor, nuclear minimum axes, nuclear maximum axes, and minimum axes/maximum axes ratio were measured. As a result, we think that computerized image analysis beside light microscopic examination can be useful in the differentiation of the electrocution, flame burn, and abrasion type lesions. PMID: 19788705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2856190 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2856190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810325&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19761471%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines underwater soft tissue decomposition of dismembered pig limbs deposited in polyethylene plastic bags. The research evaluates the level of influence that disposal method has on underwater decomposition processes and details observations specific to this scenario. To our knowledge, no other study has yet investigated decomposing, dismembered, and enclosed remains in water environments. The total sample size consisted of 120 dismembered pig limbs, divided into a subsample of 30 pig limbs per recovery period (34 and 71 days) for each treatment. The two treatments simulated non-enclosed and plastic enclosed disposal methods in a water context. The remains were completely submerged in Lake Ontario for 34 and 71 days. In both recovery periods, the non-enclosed samples lost sof... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810325 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810324&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19761472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jaggers KA, Rogers TL Burial environment, in particular soil moisture, has a significant impact on the type, rate, and extent of bone degradation, which ultimately affects estimations of the postmortem interval (PMI). The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of soil moisture on the color, weight, condition, and texture of bone as it relates to the PMI. Bone changes occurring over two different time intervals (2 and 5 months) were examined using 120 sus scrofa leg bones. During each time interval bones were buried in two soil environments, one of which was drier than the other. The bones in both environments lost weight over time but the net weight loss was greater for bones in the higher moisture environment. There was no change in color, texture, or overall co... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810324 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810323&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19761473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Casey E, Ferraro M, Nguyen L There is an urgent need to reduce the growing backlog of forensic examinations in Digital Forensics Laboratories (DFLs). Currently, DFLs routinely create forensic duplicates and perform in-depth forensic examinations of all submitted media. This approach is rapidly becoming untenable as more cases involve increasing quantities of digital evidence. A more efficient and effective three-tiered strategy for performing forensic examinations will enable DFLs to produce useful results in a timely manner at different phases of an investigation, and will reduce unnecessary expenditure of resources on less serious matters. The three levels of forensic examination are described along with practical examples and suitable tools. Realizing that this is not simpl... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810323 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782682&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu S, Shen H, Wang S, Fang C A young male was shot to death by a police officer with a Chinese Type 64 7.62 mm pistol when he was dealing with an aggravated assault arising from a traffic accident. By using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), trace deposits on the discharged bullet and the intermediate target, i.e., a concrete telegraph pole at the scene, were identified to be from each other. The result demonstrated the bullet causing the death ricocheted from the concrete telegraph pole before striking the victim, thus indicating the incident was accidental. The case report illustrates the evidential value of trace materials derived, respectively, from discharged bullets and intermediate targets in bullet-intermediate target inter... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782682 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782681&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737336%26dopt%3DAbstract We report two instances of a far less common method of suicidal asphyxiation, occlusion of the nose and mouth by duct tape. One was a 47-year-old man with a history of paranoid schizophrenia with suicidal ideation and the other was a 52-year-old man who was depressed due to gambling debts. The value of scene investigation, including review of available video surveillance to determine the manner of death is highlighted. PMID: 19737336 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782681 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782680&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737337%26dopt%3DAbstract This study, conducted indoors in still air at approximately room temperature, monitored the postmortem reduction in rectal, liver, brain, and aural temperatures in 16 dogs for 32 h after death. Graphs of temperature reduction were prepared to estimate the TOD of dogs within the first 32 h postmortem. Sex, body mass, and hair coat density did not affect the rate of body temperature reduction, but increased body weight and volume slowed it. Rectal temperature was the most convenient, reasonable site for measuring body temperature. Vitreous humor potassium ion concentration [K(+)] was measured in both eyes at c. 1.5 and 7 h after death. Both eyes had the same [K(+)] when measured simultaneously, and [K(+)] increased after death. PMID: 19737337 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782680 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782679&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737338%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have analyzed the temporal and spatial trends in actor unknown political murders in Turkey. A total of 1852 cases, defined as actor unknown political murders, occurred in Turkey between 1975 and 2006, with the peak years being 1980 and 1994. Three different time frames could be defined: 1975-1993, 1994-1999, and 2000-2006. During the first period, cases were common all over Turkey, but during the second and third periods, they were more frequent in metropolitan areas and in the southeast. Incidents occurring during the first period could be attributed to the struggle between right- and left-wing supporters, while most murders occurring during the second and third periods seem to have been related to Kurdish separatism. Although the most crucial factor in preventing actor ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782679 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782678&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hudson DT, Curran AM, Furton KG Human scent evidence collected from objects at a crime scene is used for scent discrimination with specially trained canines. Storage of the scent evidence is usually required yet no optimized storage protocol has been determined. Storage containers including glass, polyethylene, and aluminized pouches were evaluated to determine the optimal medium for storing human scent evidence of which glass was determined to be the optimal storage matrix. Hand odor samples were collected on three different sorbent materials, sealed in glass vials and subjected to different storage environments including room temperature, -80 degrees C conditions, dark storage, and UVA/UVB light exposure over a 7-week period. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspac... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782678 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782677&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edmiston KE, Johnson J In developing latent prints on cartridge casings and shotgun shells, multiple chemical processes should be used in order to obtain the best results. In Phase I, this study established an optimal chemical sequence for both Brass and Nickel cartridge casings based on six sequences involving four chemicals: Cyanoacrylate, Black Powder, Rhodamine 6G and Acidified Hydrogen Peroxide. Phase II was a validation study of Phase I involving a random sample of both Brass and Nickel cartridge casings, which were processed according to the determined optimal sequences. In addition, ribbed shotgun shells were processed under Phase I results and determined to be dependent upon the utilization of a CrimeScope at 515 nm. Consideration should be given to the type of cartri... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782677 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782676&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adams N, Perlin V, Rohde M, Gaffney R, Harmsen N, Kriigel C Camouflage garments can be associated with surveillance images of a crime scene even in the absence of unique wear marks or very high-quality images. However, the probability of an accidental association, or incidence rate, is significant. The present work describes and validates a method for estimating the incidence rate based on a statistical model of the garment manufacturing process. The model was developed primarily for use with the current U.S. Army Combat Uniform (ACU), but can be applied to any camouflage garment. Eight garment manufacturers were studied, and all sources of variation in the manufacturing process were characterized. The marking and spreading procedures were found to be dominant and consistent s... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782676 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782675&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Randall B In response to the unexpected paucity of blood/tissue spatter at the site where a body of an adult woman was dismembered by an electric chainsaw, we dismembered two large pig carcasses with a small electric chainsaw in a controlled environment. These experiments demonstrated first that a large carcass could be easily dismembered by a small electric chainsaw. When the chainsaw bar is held parallel to the ground the majority of the blood and tissue is deposited directly beneath the saw and bar and very little elsewhere. If the discharge chute of the saw however is not oriented directly at the ground, larger amounts of blood and tissue may be sprayed on lateral surfaces or deposited some distance from the chainsaw. The characteristic striations created on the surface of... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782675 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782687&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oxley JC, Smith JL, Huang J, Luo W Chemicals containing multiple peroxide functionalities, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), or hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), can be explosive. They are impractical and are not used by legitimate military groups because they are shock and heat sensitive compared to military explosives. They are attractive to terrorists because synthesis is straightforward, requiring only a few easily obtained ingredients. Physical removal of these synthesis products is highly hazardous. This paper discusses methods to degrade peroxide explosives chemically, at room temperature. A number of mixtures containing metals (e.g., zinc, copper) and metal salts (e.g., zinc sulfate, copper chloride) were found effective, some ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782687 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782686&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737244%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effects of time, cyanoacrylate fuming, and location of the biological material on DNA analysis of post-blast pipe bomb fragments. Multiple aliquots of a cell suspension (prepared by soaking buccal swabs in water) were deposited on components of the devices prior to assembly. The pipe bombs were then deflagrated and the fragments recovered. Fragments from half of the devices were cyanoacrylate fumed. The cell spots on the fragments were swabbed and polymerase chain reaction/short tandem repeat analysis was performed 1 week and 3 months after deflagration. A significant decrease in the amount of DNA recovered was observed between samples collected and analyzed within 1 week compared with the samples collected and analyzed 3 months after deflagration. Cyanoacrylate... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782686 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782685&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beason CW, Jauchem JR, Clark CD, Parker JE, Fines DA Conducted energy weapons (such as the Advanced TASER X26 model produced by TASER International), incapacitate individuals by causing muscle contractions. To provide information relevant to development of future potential devices, a "Modifiable Electronic Stimulator" was used to evaluate the effects of changing various parameters of the stimulating pulse. Muscle contraction was affected by pulse power, net/gross charge, pulse duration, and pulse repetition frequency. The contraction force increased linearly as each of these factors was increased. Elimination of a precursor pulse from X26-like pulses did not have a significant effect on the normalized force measured. Muscle-contraction force increased as the spacing increased ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782685 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782684&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lanning KA, Michaud AL, Bisbing RE, Springer FA, Tridico SR PMID: 19737254 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782684 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2782683&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19737255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zvosec DL, Smith SW PMID: 19737255 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2782683 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2782683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775366&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732271%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sugita R, Sasagawa K, Suzuki S In Japan, the most common illicit drug is methamphetamine. It is possible to trace the origin of this drug by analyzing its organic and inorganic impurities and/or byproducts using several methods, such as GC, GC/MS, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As reported here, one other method includes comparison of the striation lines of polymer sheet layers from packaging using a polarized light method. Other alternative methods include analyzing the heat sealer pattern, layer thickness surface characteristics, and/or components of polymer sheet layers using infrared spectroscopy. Several of these alternative methods were used to analyze the origins of 29 packages confiscated from three regions over a 1000 km distance in Japan. ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775366 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775365&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Love JC, Sanchez LA Complete recognition and documentation of injury pattern is crucial in the diagnosis of child abuse. Skeletal fractures regarded as highly specific to nonaccidental injury in infants include posterior rib, scapular, metaphyseal, and spinous process fractures. These injuries are often occult, especially when acute, to standard radiologic and autopsy procedures. The presented autopsy technique requires incising and reflecting skeletal muscles to expose the bones and costal osseous joints in situ, increasing the opportunity to recognize skeletal injury. Fractured or atypical appearing bones are removed and processed for complete evaluation. The bones are processed by macerating the soft tissue in a water soap bath at an elevated temperature. To aid in reconstr... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775365 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775364&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cope DJ, Dupras TL There is a gap in the literature concerning the chemical effects that household products may produce on human remains. The present study examines the effects of household chemical products on teeth. A total of eight chemicals were utilized for this experiment. The corrosive chemical categories include: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and sodium hydroxide. Two products with each chemical were used, each representing varying concentrations of the corrosive product. Two human teeth were allocated for emergence in the chemical throughout a 24-h period of exposure. Results demonstrate hydrochloric acid as the most detrimental chemical to the dental samples. Sulfuric acid enacted minimal alterations to the teeth, although some etching and discol... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775364 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775363&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sato H, Tanaka T, Kasai K, Kita T, Tanaka N A 22-year-old man was found dead after he had continued to sit on a reclining chair for 2 years. He had consumed an unbalanced diet, kept wearing the same pair of socks and never washed himself for the term. His skin of bilateral crura developed into elephantiasis with severely festered ulcers on its surface. At autopsy, subcutaneous edema was significant in his lower limbs, and chronic circulatory disturbance of lymphoducts and veins was observed histologically. There were no crucial findings to account for chronic edema in the lower limbs. It has been reported that maintaining a seated posture obstructs both lymphoducts and veins because of bending the groin, decreases their return flow by inducing muscular atrophy, and causes subc... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775363 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775362&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mann RW An inexpensive and effective method for articulating a dry human spine is described. By constructing a Styrofoam spine tray, analysts can now accurately position and align each vertebra in correct anatomical order, allow for gaps because of missing vertebrae, and lay out the spine for documentation and photography. The spine tray provides analysts with a quick, easy, and professional quality method for aligning and orienting the human spine in the field and laboratory. PMID: 19732275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775362 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775361&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lang GH, Boyle KM Black powder substitutes containing ascorbic acid are a group of low explosives that utilize ascorbic acid as the fuel. The analysis of these powders is complicated by the degradation of ascorbic acid which occurs rapidly in solution and may also occur as the powder ages. Aqueous extracts of both intact powders and postblast residues were analyzed by an existing ion chromatography/mass spectrometry (IC/MS) method used at the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Results have shown that while ascorbic acid itself is not detected in this method, its diagnostic degradation products (threonic acid, monohydrated diketogulonic acid, and oxalic acid) can be identified. In addition, anions from the inorganic oxidizers (perchlorate and nitrate) and comb... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775361 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2775360&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19732277%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clutter SW, Bailey R, Everly JC, Mercer K Throughout the United States, clearance rates for arson cases remain low due to fire's destructive nature, subsequent suppression, and a misconception by investigators that no forensic evidence remains. Recent research shows that fire scenes can yield fingerprints if soot layers are removed prior to using available fingerprinting processes. An experiment applying liquid latex to sooted surfaces was conducted to assess its potential to remove soot and yield fingerprints after the dried latex was peeled. Latent fingerprints were applied to glass and drywall surfaces, sooted in a controlled burn, and cooled. Liquid latex was sprayed on, dried, and peeled. Results yielded usable prints within the soot prior to removal techniques, but no fu... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2775360 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2775360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700011&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674235%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes a series of eight drivers arrested for driving under the influence of the combined effects of dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine, and a further four drivers under the influence of dextromethorphan alone. In the combined dextromethorphan/chlorpheniramine cases, blood dextromethorphan concentrations ranged from 150 to 1220 ng/mL (n = 8; mean 676 ng/mL, median 670 ng/mL), and chlorpheniramine concentrations ranged from 70 to 270 ng/mL (n = 8; mean 200 ng/mL, median 180 ng/mL). The four cases without chlorpheniramine present had blood dextromethorphan concentrations between 190 and 1000 ng/mL (mean 570 ng/mL, median 545 ng/mL). Some drivers had therapeutic concentrations of other drugs present. Drivers generally displayed symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) depres... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700011 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700010&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park SH, Zhang Y, Piao H, Yu DH, Jeong HJ, Yoo GY, Jo TH, Hwang JJ Calliphorinae fly species are important indicators of the postmortem interval especially during early spring and late fall in Korea. Although nucleotide sequences of various Calliphorinae fly species are available, there has been no research on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequences of Korean Calliphorinae flies. Here, we report the full-length sequences of the COI gene of four Calliphorinae fly species collected in Korea (five individuals of Calliphora vicina, five Calliphora lata, four Triceratopyga calliphoroides and three Aldrichina grahami). Each COI gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced and the resulting nucleotide sequences were aligned and analyzed... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700010 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700009&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Byard RW, Haas E, Marshall DT, Gilbert JD, Krous HF Gunshot deaths in children less than 17 years of age from Adelaide, SA, Australia (1969-2005) and from San Diego County, CA, United States (1988-2005) were compared. Forty-two pediatric gunshot fatalities occurred in South Australia (1.1 cases/year; M:F = 30:12). There were 6 accidents (14%), 14 suicides (33%), and 22 homicides (52%). In San Diego there were 185 cases (c.10 cases/year; M:F = 148:37). There were 6 accidents (3%), 42 suicides (23%), 130 homicides (70%), and 7 undetermined cases (4%). The incidence of homicide was significantly higher in San Diego County compared to Adelaide (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of murder-suicides occurring in Adelaide. There were markedly more accidents and suicides involvin... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700009 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700008&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674238%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we analyzed the relationship between heroin overdose deaths and the characteristics of seized opium derivatives. Data were gathered from the Council of Forensic Medicine of the Ministry of Justice in Istanbul from 1990 to 2000. There were 636 heroin-related deaths during this period, 595 of which were classified as heroin overdose deaths. Mean crude and weighted heroin purities remained relatively constant and were calculated to be 46% (57-34%) and 51% (39-59%), respectively. The weight of heroin and the number of heroin seizures, but not the heroin purity, were significantly associated with the number of heroin-related deaths. Prevention strategies are needed to reduce the number of deaths caused by overdoses in countries situated on drug trafficking routes. These strategie... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700008 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700007&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674239%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we report on the distribution of opioids in blood, stomach contents, urine, liver, and bile in 29 deaths caused by intravenous heroin overdose. The mean total and free blood morphine concentrations were 0.60 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, and the mean stomach contents total morphine concentration was 1.16 mg/kg. All cases had detectable morphine in the stomach contents, and 24 of 29 cases (83%) had higher concentrations of total morphine in stomach contents than in blood. The mean total morphine concentration in bile was c. 100 times that in blood, and the liver total morphine concentration averaged twice that of blood levels. We conclude that the entero-hepatic circulation of morphine and subsequent reflux of duodenal contents back into the stomach can result in the depositio... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700007 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700006&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674240%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the best practices for preventing suicides in jail and prison settings should include the following elements: training programs, screening procedures, communication between staff, documentation, internal resources, and debriefing after a suicide. PMID: 19674240 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences) Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700006 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700005&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674241%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe an instance of postmortem wound dehiscence that mimicked antemortem stab wounds. A man with a history of colon cancer and substance abuse was found dead. There were advanced putrefactive changes and multiple defects of the anterior torso that resembled stab wounds. Subsequent investigation revealed that 11 months earlier, he had a laparoscopic-assisted colon resection that involved surgical incisions corresponding in location and size to the above defects. Putrefactive gases may cause bloating of the body. This distension may cause recent and remote healed incisions to dehisce. Correlation of these "defects" at autopsy with the antemortem clinical history is crucial in determining their etiology. PMID: 19674241 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Forensi... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700005 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2700004&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19674242%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uzun I, Celbis O, Baydar CL, Alkan N, Arslan MN The study included 411 deaths selected from 14,647 medicolegal deaths autopsied in the Morgue Department of Forensic Medicine Institute Directorate, affiliated with the Ministry of Justice, between 1998 and 2002. Data were collected from court documents, coroner's investigation reports, and autopsy reports. The parameters of age, gender, nationality and origin, cause and place of death in foreigners dying in Istanbul were evaluated in the study. Out of 14,647 medicolegal deaths, 3.5% were foreigners from 34 different nationalities. The nationality with the highest rate of foreigner deaths (34%) was Romanian. Out of 411 deaths, 74.3% were male and 25.7% were female. Of all cases, 64.4% were tourists visiting Istanbul and 35.6% had... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2700004 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2700004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2682567&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19656255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luce C, Montpetit S, Gangitano D, O'Donnell P The AmpFlSTR((R)) MiniFiler(TM) PCR Amplification Kit is designed to genotype degraded and/or inhibited DNA samples when the AmpFlSTR((R)) Identifiler(TM) PCR Amplification Kit is incapable of generating a complete genetic profile. Validation experiments, following the SWGDAM guidelines, were designed to evaluate the performance of MiniFiler. Data obtained demonstrated that MiniFiler, when used in conjunction with Identifiler, provided an increased ability to obtain genetic profiles from challenged samples. The optimum template range was found to be between 0.2 and 0.6 ng, with 0.3 ng yielding the best results. Full concordance was achieved between the MiniFiler kit and Identifiler kit except in a single case of a null allele at lo... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2682567 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2682567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640367&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627419%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bond JW Visualization of latent fingerprint deposits on metals by enhancing the fingerprint-induced corrosion is now an established technique. However, the corrosion mechanism itself is less well understood. Here, we describe the apparatus constructed to measure the spatial variation (DeltaV) in applied potential (V) over the surface of brass disks corroded by latent fingerprint deposits. Measurement of DeltaV for potential of 1400 V has enabled visualization of fingerprint ridges and characteristics in terms of this potential difference with DeltaV typically of a few volts. This visualization is consistent with the formation of a Schottky barrier at the brass-corrosion product junction. Measurement of the work function of the corroded brass of up to 4.87 +/- 0.03 eV supports ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640367 Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640366&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627420%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zellner M, Quarino L Differentiation of 21 glitter lip-glosses from seven manufacturers was attempted by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Samples were pyrolyzed on a ribbon probe at 800 degrees C for 20 sec and analyzed with an Agilent((R)) 6890N Network GC System and Agilent((R)) 5973 Network Mass Selective Detector with MSD Productivity ChemStation((R)) Data Analysis software. The total ion chromatograms obtained were examined and differences in the presence or absence of certain chromatographic peaks corresponding to certain pyrolysis products (e.g., styrene, cyclohexane) noted. In cases where the total ion chromatograms between lip-glosses were similar, select ion profiling was performed. Of the 21 lip-glosses, 15 were differentiated by either the total ion ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640366 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640365&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627421%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sarıbey AY, Hannam AG, Tarımcı C In order to assess whether or not the class and individual characteristics of a firearm change over time, five different makes of Turkish self-loading pistol were tested and were each fired a large number of times. The class and individual characteristics were identified for each pistol and the first fired cartridge case was compared with the subsequent consecutive 250th fired cases for each pistol. It was found that there were slight changes in some of the individual and class characteristics; however, this was not statistically significant and did not affect the ability of the firearms examiner to match the first fired case to the last fired case for each firearm tested. PMID: 19627421 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640365 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640370&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eriksen MB, Jakobsen MA, Kringsholm B, Banner J, Thomsen JL, Georgsen J, Pedersen C, Christensen PB Blood-borne viral infections are widespread among injecting drug users; however, it is difficult to include these patients in serological surveys. Therefore, we developed a national surveillance program based on postmortem testing of persons whose deaths were drug related. Blood collected at autopsy was tested for anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-hepatits C virus (HCV), or anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using commercial kits. Subsets of seropositive samples were screened for viral genomes using sensitive in-house and commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected in 20% (3/15) of anti-HBc-positive/anti-HBs-negative samples... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640370 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640369&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hill CR, Butler JM, Vallone PM A short tandem repeat multiplex assay has been successfully developed with 25 autosomal loci plus the sex-typing locus amelogenin for a total of 26 amplified products in a single reaction. Primers for the loci were designed so that all of the amplicons present were distributed from 65 base pairs (bp) to less than 400 bp within a five-dye chemistry design with the fifth dye reserved for the sizing standard. A multiplex design strategy was developed to overcome challenges encountered in creating this assay. The limits of the multiplex were tested, resulting in the successful amplification of a wide range of genomic DNA sample concentrations from 2 ng to as low as 100 pg with 30 cycles of PCR. The 26plex has the potential to benefit the forensic com... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640369 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640368&cid=s_28437_142_f&fid=28437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627418%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budowle B, Ge J, Aranda XG, Planz JV, Eisenberg AJ, Chakraborty R Three sampled populations of unrelated males-African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic, all from Texas-were typed for 16 Y short tandem repeat (STR) markers using the AmpFlSTR((R)) Yfiler(TM) kit. These samples also were typed previously for the 13 core CODIS autosomal STR loci. Most of the 16 marker haplotypes (2478 out of 2551 distinct haplotypes) were observed only once in the data sets. Haplotype diversities were 99.88%, 99.89%, and 99.87% for the African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic sample populations, respectively. F(ST) values were very small when a haplotype comprised 10-16 markers. This suggests that inclusion of substructure correction is not required. However, haplotypes consisting of fewer loci ... Journal of Forensic Sciences journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640368 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640368