MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Health Psychology' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:11:06 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333602&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F15%2F2%2F310%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333602 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333601&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F299%3Frss%3D1 In this study, 13 interviews and questionnaires from parents in the UK and USA were carried out and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Five themes emerged: ‘Information’; ‘Parenting role’; ‘Confidence in professionals’; ‘Pain’; and ‘Effect on life’. Findings suggested that parents need appropriate information and support from health professionals throughout their experience to help minimize uncertainty and distress and that pain management is a major source of stress to parents. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333601 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333600&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F291%3Frss%3D1 This qualitative study examined how cancer specialists answer patient questions about what might have caused their cancer. Findings showed that while they were often candid about the role of smoking and drinking in cancer onset and that of diet in cancer recurrence, body weight and exercise were rarely mentioned. Any reluctance to discuss the role of lifestyle factors in cancer onset and recurrence arose from a desire to minimize patient distress, limitations in specialists’ knowledge of the causes of cancer and perceived inadequacy of the available causal explanations when risk factors are multiple and probabilistic. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333600 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333599&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F279%3Frss%3D1 This study employed in-depth interviews (N = 52) and quantitative surveys (N = 154) to assess the knowledge, emotional impact and behavioral consequences of an HPV-related diagnosis in women who had received abnormal Pap test results. Findings revealed confusion over test results and themes related to stigma, fear, self-blame, powerlessness and anger emerged. The promotion of the HPV vaccine should not obfuscate the psychosocial burden associated with an HPV diagnosis. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333599 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333598&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F269%3Frss%3D1 The present research examined the respondents’ preferences for approach and avoidance health aspirations (i.e. health related life goals) in relation to their age and self-rated health (SRH) in a representative Hungarian sample (N = 4841). Higher age predicted stronger preference for both orientations of health aspirations while SRH attenuated this relationship for approach and amplified it for avoidance health aspiration. Bad SRH predicted elevated preference for approach health aspirations in younger age while it predicted greater preference for avoidance aspirations in older age. Results and implications are discussed with reference to aging and health. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333598 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333597&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F258%3Frss%3D1 Seventeen male, former inmates with HIV were interviewed about their experiences with HIV in a jail or prison in the southeastern region of the United States. Participants reported that stereotypes and prejudicial attitudes about HIV/AIDS were widely held by other inmates, and that concerns about HIV/AIDS stigma affected their decisions about HIV disclosure. The results suggest the need to better educate inmates and institutional staff about HIV/AIDS stigma and to increase privacy protection for inmates with HIV, especially in the context of providing medical care and dispensing medications. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333597 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333596&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F248%3Frss%3D1 Drawing from transformational leadership theory, this research examined adolescent perceptions of transformational teaching within school-based physical education. In Study 1, focus groups with 62 adolescents examined perceptions of physical education teachers’ behaviors. In Study 2, follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 purposively sampled students. Findings revealed that behaviors within physical education settings can be understood within a conceptual framework that includes transformational teaching. In addition, students who perceived their teachers to utilize transformational behaviors described more adaptive responses. Issues concerning theory development and the application of transformational teaching to physical activity and health promotion settings a... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333596 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333595&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F239%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to examine the role of illness cognitions as a possible pathway between religiousness and subjective health in chronic illness. A sample of 135 chronic cardiac patients completed questionnaires about intrinsic religiousness, frequency of church service attendance, basic illness cognitions (i.e., helplessness, illness acceptance, perceived benefits), and physical and emotional well-being. According to the results, religiousness was significantly associated with subjective health. However, this relationship was indirect, with helplessness and illness acceptance serving as mediators between intrinsic religiousness and health. This finding is significant for understanding the complex relation of religiousness to chronic patients’ well-being. (Source: Journal of ... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333595 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333594&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F230%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the effects of exposure to food temptations on attention processing were investigated using an exogenous cueing paradigm. The results show that exposure to food temptations led participants to direct their attention away from food cues. This effect was found after exposure to pictures of food as well as real food temptations. These findings suggest that food temptations activate a tendency to avoid food stimuli, regardless of the restraint and disinhibition levels of the participants. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333594 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333593&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F215%3Frss%3D1 The construct of coping has received increasing attention over the past years in relation to psychological and physical health, yet its dimensional and conceptual understanding is not consistent across theoretical models. The present study investigates the dimensionality of coping in a sample of 1127 Greek-speaking adults using the Brief-COPE. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a structure comprised of eight factors, four of which were broader, and included active/positive, avoidant, support seeking and negative emotional approaches. Results indicated adequate psychometric characteristics for the Greek translation of the Brief-COPE for this population. Associations between coping strategies with gender, education, and psychological symptomatology are also discussed.... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333593 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333592&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F205%3Frss%3D1 This study was designed to assess if there are consistent treatment, stage, severity, effort and demographic effects which predict long-term changes across the multiple behaviors of smoking, diet and sun exposure. A secondary data analysis integrated data from four studies on smoking cessation (N = 3927), three studies on diet (N = 4824) and four studies on sun exposure (N = 6465). Across all three behaviors, behavior change at 24 months was related to treatment, stage of change, problem severity and effort effects measured at baseline. There were no consistent demographic effects. Across multiple behaviors, long-term behavior changes are consistently related to four effects that are dynamic and open to change. Behavior changes were not consistently related to static demographic variables.... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333592 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333591&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F196%3Frss%3D1 A randomized controlled trial in two general practices in Cambridgeshire compared the effect of loss and gain framed messages in an invitation to screening for type 2 diabetes on uptake and subsequent anxiety and self-rated health. High risk individuals aged 40—69 years were randomized to receive loss (n = 57) or gain (n = 59) framed screening invitations. A postal questionnaire was sent to all participants, including non-attenders, after six weeks. There were no significant differences in attendance, mean state anxiety, self-rated health or illness representation between the loss and gain frame arms. Framing of information in diabetes screening invitations does not influence uptake. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333591 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333590&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F186%3Frss%3D1 Using structural equation modeling, we estimated major pathways from preoperative distress, indicated by anxiety and other factors, to postoperative hostility in cardiac patients. Sequential interviews were conducted before and after surgery. Standardized medical and surgical indices were selected from a national database. Results showed that preoperative spiritual struggle mediated indirect effects of anxiety and anger coping on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) immediately before surgery. The link between spiritual struggle and IL-6 further mediated the indirect effects of anxiety and anger coping on postoperative hostility. Anger coping mediated the harmful influence of anxiety and counteracted the protection of positive religious coping on adjustment. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333590 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333589&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F173%3Frss%3D1 This study tests the associations of self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, perceived barriers, self-regulatory behaviors and social support with physical activity. Data from 116 married community-dwelling middle-aged and young-old couples (M = 58.86 years, SD = 7.16, range = 50 to 75) were collected via mail-in survey. The model indicated that self-efficacy was directly and indirectly related to physical activity through outcome expectancies, perceived barriers and self-regulatory behaviors. The results clarify the associations among the social cognitive constructs and physical activity, and suggest that interventions targeting multiple social cognitive constructs could increase the activity levels of middle-aged and young-old adults. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333589 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333588&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F2%2F163%3Frss%3D1 Religions instruct individuals to engage in prosocial behaviors. Previous studies are lacking on a positive relation between religiousness and blood donation. We tested this hypothesis using a national survey of 7611 women and 4282 men aged 18—44 years. In women, positive associations of childhood religious affiliation, current affiliation and attendance with blood donation were seen on bivariate analysis but were no longer significant when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. Religiousness was not associated with history of blood donation in men, with the exception of higher donation rates in Catholic men aged 35—44. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333588 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 11:48:38 +0100 3333588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158899&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F15%2F1%2F158%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158899 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158898&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F15%2F1%2F156%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158898 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158897&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F147%3Frss%3D1 This study further investigates this issue by examining different domains of sleep hygiene separately. One hundred and six insomnia patients and 89 good sleepers participated in the study. Their sleep hygiene, sleep quality and insomnia severity were assessed with subjective rating scales. Among good sleepers, almost all domains of sleep hygiene correlated significantly with their sleep ratings. However, in insomnia patients, only the arousal-related behavior correlated with sleep ratings. The findings suggest that strategies in prevention and treatment of sleep disturbance may be different accordingly. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158897 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158896&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F138%3Frss%3D1 This investigation explored facets of anxiety sensitivity (AS—social, physical and mental concerns) in regard to somatization, anxiety and depression symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS. Significant relations were found for AS-physical concerns and somatization symptoms (β = .52, p = .007) and AS-mental concerns and anxiety symptoms (β = .29, p < .05), controlling for negative affectivity, gender and shared variance with other AS subscales. Together, AS subscales were significantly related to depression symptoms (R2 = .11; p = .006), but no one subscale was independently related. Findings are discussed in terms of examining AS in better understanding the HIV/AIDS—anxiety relation. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158896 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158895&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F131%3Frss%3D1 Sickle cell disease is characterized by acute pain crises. Pain, chronic medical problems, utilization and coping were compared in younger vs older patients using questionnaires and medical record review. Groups reported similar pain intensity and medical conditions. The pattern of utilization differed such that older patients attended outpatient clinic, and younger patients went to the Emergency Department. Younger patients were more likely to cope by ignoring pain, or by using heat, cold or massage. Older patients were more likely to pray and hope. We conclude that age plays an important role in the utilization and coping of sickle cell patients. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158895 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158894&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F122%3Frss%3D1 In this cross-sectional study among 1502 female singles between the ages of 18 and 50, commitment to the goal of finding a partner was negatively related to satisfaction with life. In line with our expectations, this relationship was fully mediated by ruminating about being and remaining single. The relationship between rumination and lower satisfaction with life was stronger in the older age groups. The findings support the notion that rumination is an important mechanism through which goal commitment may negatively influence well-being, and that reducing one’s level of commitment to the pursuit of stage-specific life goals may be beneficial when reaching a new developmental stage. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158894 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158893&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F115%3Frss%3D1 The associations of sense making and benefit finding with depressive symptoms were examined among patient and caregiver pairs coping with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Benefit finding, but not sense making, was associated with fewer depressive symptoms for both patients and caregivers. Patient and caregiver pairs where neither found benefit had more depressive symptoms compared to pairs where at least one member found benefit. Patients cited benefits related to relationships and caregivers were more likely to cite finding personal strength as a benefit. Results suggest situational constraints to making sense and on the kinds of benefit that can be found. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158893 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158892&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F107%3Frss%3D1 The perceived stress scale (PSS-10) reliability and validity were evaluated in Brazilian adults. A two-stage translation procedure was employed to achieve a Portuguese version. Participants were 793 Brazilian university teachers. The exploratory factor analysis showed two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 (56.8% of variance). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.83 (Factor 1), 0.77 (Factor 2) and 0.87 (Total Score). The test—retest reliability scores were 0.83 (Factor 1), 0.68 (Factor 2) and 0.86 (Total Score). PSS-10 and perceived health correlations ranged from —0.22 to —0.35. The PSS-10 showed an adequate reliability and validity supporting its use in this population. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158892 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158891&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F96%3Frss%3D1 This study explored the relationships among mental health, self-esteem and physical health in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. Chinese students (N = 1945) between the ages of 12 and 19 from four secondary schools of different regions were invited to participate in the study. This study revealed that a significant number of adolescents in Hong Kong are experiencing depressive symptoms. The overall results indicated that self-esteem of adolescents was correlated to and a predictor of their physical and mental health. Health care professionals should take a more assertive role in promoting relevant health education to the community with emphasis on helping adolescents develop positive self-esteem. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158891 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158890&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F85%3Frss%3D1 To clarify the rationale behind Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), a model by Schaefer and Moos describes the relative contribution of environmental resources, individual resources, event related factors, cognitive processing and coping (CPC) on PTG. In the present study, this model was tested with the spouses of myocardial infarction patients with data from various hospitals in Turkey. A structural equation model revealed that neither individual nor environmental resources had indirect effects on PTG through the effect of event-related factors and CPC, while they showed direct effects on PTG. The findings were discussed in the context of the theoretical model. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158890 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158889&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F75%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-regulatory efficacy would mediate the relationship between individual attributional dimensions for typical exercise levels and intentions to maintain these levels during final exams among university students. Using a prospective design, participants completed measures of attributions for typical activity levels, self-regulatory efficacy and intention to be active during a forthcoming exam period. Results revealed that self-regulatory efficacy partially mediated the relationship between attributional dimensions and intentions for both moderate and mild exercise levels. The results provide initial support for the suggestion that when examining moderate and mild intensity exercise, it is plausible that causality flows from stability... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158889 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158888&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F64%3Frss%3D1 The development and use of validated processes of change (POC) measures have received little attention in the literature despite their importance in the Transtheoretical Model. Using survey data (N = 2909), we examined the construct validity of a 22-item mammography POC scale by testing for factorial validity and factorial invariance across stage of change. We also used MANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests to confirm stage differences in POC use (concurrent validity). Our results confirm the a priori correlated four-factor structure of this scale and provide some support for the measurement equivalence of this scale across stage, supporting comparisons of POC use across stage. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158888 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158887&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F53%3Frss%3D1 Two studies were conducted to examine associations among past activity behaviour, attributions and self-regulatory efficacy for maintaining physical activity sufficient for health benefits. The studies differed in that success for being sufficiently active for health benefits was externally referenced in the first study, but not in the second. In both studies, results revealed that attributional dimensions improved the prediction of self-regulatory efficacy beyond that of past physical behaviour. Results suggested that while past experience may influence an individual’s self-regulatory efficacy to be active enough for health benefits, how people think about their past behaviour also needs to be considered. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158887 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158886&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F44%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of interpersonal and personal factors on (un)healthy eating in adolescents. The study sample consisted of 473 adolescents. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of family climate, peer influence and self-regulation cognitions (goal commitment, efficacy and ownership) on healthy and unhealthy eating. Self-regulation cognitions are positively related to healthy eating and negatively to unhealthy eating. We conclude that different aspects of family climate and peer influence are significantly related to both healthy and unhealthy eating. Interventions should be directed at self-regulation cognitions as well as at family and peer influence. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158886 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158885&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F33%3Frss%3D1 Perceived risk and representations of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and preventive behaviour of people diagnosed with Familial Hypercholesterolemia by DNA testing (N = 81) were assessed. In general, participants perceived their own CVD risk as being relatively low. While participants reported almost optimal medication adherence (99%), only 49 per cent reported following recommendations concerning diet and physical activity. Family history of CVD was associated with both risk perception and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. In their communications with FH-screened positives, health professionals should be aware that people may underestimate CVD risk, and should stress how behaviour change can reduce the risk. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158885 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158884&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F21%3Frss%3D1 In an evaluation of the theoretical foundations of behavior change, the current study examined whether social cognitive (SCT) variables mediated treatment effects on physical activity and nutrition in the recently reported Guide-to-Health trial (GTH). Adults (N = 661) were assessed at baseline, seven months and 16 months to examine whether treatment-related changes in SCT variables at seven months mediated change in nutrition and physical activity at 16 months. GTH treatment effects were mediated by self-efficacy, self-regulation and social support; self-regulation mediated self-efficacy. Social-cognitive variables explained only part of the treatment effects suggesting future investigations evaluate the environmental-selection and affective processes of behavior change. (Source: Journal o... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158884 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158883&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F8%3Frss%3D1 The aim was to clarify how motives influence sun-related behaviour. Participants were 239 adults, mean age 22 years. They completed questionnaire measures of life goals (representing dispositional motives), participatory motives for exposure and for protection, and exposure and protection behaviours. Analysis was by partial least squares modelling. Participatory motives influenced behaviour. Exposure was positively influenced by appearance enhancement and well-being motives, and negatively by social conformity motive. Protection was positively influenced by health preservation motive. Participatory motives mediated the effects of life goals on behaviour. It is suggested that motives provide the basis upon which health promotion programmes can build. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158883 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158882&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F15%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 A recent Journal of Health Psychology Editorial argued for ‘a consolidated effort to define, identify, research and record intervention techniques across all domains offering health enhancement to humankind’. The Associate Editors, Editorial Board and approximately 100 reviewers commented on proposals to improve the clarity, depth and detail of papers reporting intervention studies. This Editorial specifies the criteria that will be applied to future submissions reporting intervention studies in the Journal of Health Psychology . The criteria extend the application of the CONSORT, TREND and PRISMA statements to intervention studies within the field of health psychology. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158882 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:46:57 +0100 3158882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929585&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1268%3Frss%3D1 This study explored how fathers of children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) perceived and understood the roles they had within their family over the course of their child’s illness and treatment. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with five fathers. Transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The major themes that emerged were: adjusting to the diagnosis; the experience of maternal gate-keeping; striving for normalization; experiences of giving and receiving support. Overall, the fathers perceived themselves as having significant responsibility in helping their child and family cope with the illness experience. Clinical implications, including the need for professionals to recognize and more openly acknowledge the... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929585 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929584&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1251%3Frss%3D1 Objectives were to explore: (1) whether sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) should be considered a chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) comorbidity, rather than a diagnostic exclusion criterion; and (2) to compare sleep/wake/ psychopathology in individuals with CFS, controls and another illness. Participants (CFS, SAHS, controls) completed questionnaires and were evaluated for SAHS; 68 percent were subsequently diagnosed with SAHS. CFS participants with and without SAHS did not differ. Both clinical groups were less well adjusted than controls. We conclude that SAHS should not be an exclusion criterion for CFS and that psychological problems in CFS seem a consequence of coping with illness. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929584 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929583&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1243%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to examine the effects of illness acceptance on the subjective health of hospitalized chronic medical patients. Participants were 128 patients with a previous diagnosis of chronic coronary artery disease, cancer, or chronic renal disease, who were admitted to a public hospital. Illness acceptance was associated with higher levels of subjective health. It was negatively related to psychological symptoms and positively to self-rated health, even after controlling for demographic variables, type of disease, years since diagnosis, health-related quality of life and hospitalization stress. Furthermore, acceptance mediated the effects of hospitalization stress on subjective health measures. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929583 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929582&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1229%3Frss%3D1 The present study explored how people change their diet over the course of their lifespan and what factors facilitate this process. Twenty participants’ narratives were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The participants’ narratives indicated that diet changes can occur either with or without the individual’s active involvement. We labelled these the active path and the passive path. Four themes emerged denoting the mechanisms of change: accumulation of evidence; trigger to action; imposed change; and seamless change. These results indicate that dietary changes may not be as infrequent and difficult as often assumed and highlight an array of new mechanisms which could be explored further to promote behaviour change. (Source: Journal of Health Psychol... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929582 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929581&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1218%3Frss%3D1 Representations of voluntary childlessness — the declaration by an individual that he or she does not wish to bear or raise children — were studied in 116 articles published in British national newspapers in the period 1990—2008. Media framing analysis was used to examine broad patterns of framing of the topic, identifying four frames: voluntary childlessness as an individual rights issue, as a form of resistance, as a social trend, and as a personal decision. These frames, it is argued, may act as potential ‘scripts’ for newspaper readers who are debating the decision to start a family. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929581 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929580&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1207%3Frss%3D1 Four-hundred-and-thirty-five Chinese married nurses with children were surveyed on their family—work role experience, sense of mastery, and psychological distress. Hierarchical regression analyses showed spillover effects of role experience on psychological health as well as asymmetrical permeability of family and work boundaries. The hypothesis that mastery acted as a moderator between role experience and psychological health was supported. In general, a higher level of mastery augmented positive but mitigated negative influence of role experience on psychological functioning. Findings provide useful information to practitioners and policy makers on issues related to family—work stress and women’s health in contemporary Chinese society. (Source: Journal of Health Psychol... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929580 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929579&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1196%3Frss%3D1 This study examined Identity Theory hypotheses about identity—behaviour consistency. Exercise-identity strength and judgments about consistency were hypothesized to relate to perceptions of percent consistency and frequency of vigorous exercise. Identity strength and percent consistency were hypothesized to interact in their relationship with affective reactions to extent of consistency. Measures of exercise-identity strength, perceived consistency, exercise frequency, self-regulatory efficacy and consistency-related affect were completed by 528 exercisers. Exercise-identity strength and consistency judgments related to percent consistency and exercise frequency. Exercise-identity strength and percent consistency interacted in their relationship with consistency-related affect and al... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929579 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929578&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1184%3Frss%3D1 This study examined associations between adult attachment dimensions, perceived health status and worrying (coping strategy with chronic pain), and explored whether worrying mediated observed relationships between attachment dimensions and health outcomes within a sample of 128 Portuguese female fibromyalgia patients. Physical health status was inversely correlated with dependence and worrying; mental health status was positively correlated with trust, and inversely related to attachment-related ambivalence, dependence and worrying. Finally, worrying mediated relationships between dependence and both physical and mental health status; moreover, worrying partially mediated the relationship between ambivalence and mental health status. Implications of the findings are discussed. (Source: Jou... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929578 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2929578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929577&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1174%3Frss%3D1 We used the Constructive Narrative Perspective (CNP), a three-level, progressively complex reasoning schema, to examine how individuals perceive barriers to physical activity. Sedentary adults (N = 23) aged 50 years and older (M = 65.23; SD = 6.03) participated in semi-structured interviews regarding their reasons for physical inactivity. The results provided initial support for using the CNP framework. Level II (self-relevant) and Level III (cognitive-affective schema-related) reasons were most commonly reported. Level I (evidence-based) reasons were less commonly reported. The CNP framework could become a useful tool in tailoring intervention strategies based upon progressively more complex reasoning schema. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929577 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929576&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1163%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was the development of a rating instrument to assess the use of humor in physician— patient interactions, and to compare humor use as a function of patients’ socioeconomic status. The 46-item Physician—Patient Humor Rating Scale (PPHRS) was used to rate 246 audiotaped primary care interactions. Four subscales were reliable and valid, demonstrating correlations with patient satisfaction and reports of physician humor, with physician satisfaction and with separate affective communication ratings. There was a significant difference in use of humor as a function of patient socioeconomic status, such that there was greater mutual trust between physicians and high versus low income patients. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929576 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929575&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1156%3Frss%3D1 The aim was to describe discrepancies between patients’ and spouses’ dyadic adjustment scores, spouse strain and patients’ temptation to drink during abstinence. Patients overestimated the dyadic adjustment scores of their partner and spouses underestimated patients’ scores. Spouses overestimated patients’ temptation to drink. Correlations between patients’ and spouses’ scores were generally high (.61 to .78) except for five measures of spouse strain which were lower (.31 to .50). Results show discrepancies concerning marital function and the temptation to drink which could be important when planning treatment and prevention of relapse. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929575 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929574&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1144%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the impact of football sports on the sleep patterns of 36 male chronic and intense football players and 34 controls. Participants completed a sleep log for seven consecutive days. Compared to controls, football players reported shorter sleep onset latency, fewer awakenings, higher scores of sleep quality and a lower variability of sleep from weekdays to weekends. The findings suggest that football sports activity is positively associated with both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of sleep. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929574 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929573&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1135%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to investigate whether age, gender and ethnicity were predictive of familism in caregivers; and whether familism was associated with coping. Forty-five British South-Asian and 43 British Caucasian caregivers completed a cross-sectional questionnaire of demographics, the brief Cope and the Heller Familism scale. Asian and younger caregivers endorsed higher levels of familsim than Caucasian and older caregivers. In the final model, demographic variables, humour, religious, active and instrumental coping explained 41 per cent of the variance in caregiver familism. The findings suggest the need to consider familism values when providing caregiver services to minimize the potential negative impact of caregiving. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929573 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929572&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1119%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to examine the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to predict physical activity (PA) behaviour in a large, population-based sample of adults. One thousand six hundred and two randomly selected individuals completed two telephone interviews over two consecutive six-month periods assessing PMT constructs. PMT explained 35 per cent and 20 per cent of the variance in intention and behaviour respectively. Coping cognitions as moderators of threat explained 1 per cent of the variance in intention and behaviour. Age and gender as moderators of threat did not provide additional variance in the models. We conclude that salient PMT predictors (e.g. self-efficacy) may guide the development of effective PA interventions in the general population. (Source: Journal of Health... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929572 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929571&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1105%3Frss%3D1 This study examined appearance-related distress in patients with acne. One hundred and thirty-two people attending a specialist acne clinic completed questionnaires including the Derriford Appearance Scale and three self-rated acne scales covering more (facial) and less visible (chest, back) acne sites. Women with acne demonstrated greater self-consciousness of appearance and negative self-concept than men. Subjective rating of severity of facial acne was significantly associated with increased social self-consciousness in women, but not in men. Back acne was significantly associated with sexual and bodily self-consciousness of appearance in both men and women. Patients 20 years and above were significantly more likely to suffer appearance-related distress than 16—19-year-olds. Altho... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929571 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929570&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1095%3Frss%3D1 The impact of gender and cortisol levels on depression following planned surgery was examined in 95 men and women. Patients were assessed prior to surgery and at one and three months following surgery. Higher cortisol levels conferred greater risk for depression at one and three months following surgery. This effect was stronger for men than women at one month following surgery, but did not differ between genders at three months post-surgery. Results support a mechanistic role of HPA alterations in depression following a surgical stressor that differs in strength between men and women. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929570 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929569&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1085%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the relationships among anxiety sensitivity (AS), catastrophizing, somatization and pain in 240 non-clinical children (121 girls; mean age = 12.7 years). Children with pain problems (n = 81; 33.8%) reported greater AS and catastrophizing (ps < .01) relative to children without pain problems. AS but not catastrophizing was significantly associated with current pain. However, both AS and catastrophizing were significantly associated with somatization. AS and catastrophizing represent related but partially distinct cognitive constructs that may be targeted by interventions aimed at alleviating pain and somatization in children. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929569 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929568&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1075%3Frss%3D1 The study tested if effects of a planning intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and body weight may be moderated by self-efficacy. Student nurses and midwives (N = 182) were randomly assigned to the planning or the control condition. The intervention included action and coping plans and was followed by two booster sessions. Follow-up took place at two months after last booster session. The intervention affected fruit and vegetable intake. Additionally, body mass index of overweight participants was reduced. Baseline self-efficacy moderated the effects of the intervention: only respondents reporting strong efficacy beliefs improved their diet and exercise. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929568 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929567&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F8%2F1067%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to examine affective responses during and following resistance exercise in a mirrored environment. Thirty-two females completed three sessions. During session one, exercise intensity was determined for the subsequent two sessions. During the next two sessions participants performed eight exercises either with or without mirrors. Affect was measured prior to, during, immediately following and 15 minutes post-exercise. Affect was more pleasant and activated during and following exercise, but did not differ by condition. The inability to find a difference in mirrored condition may be a result of participants using the mirrors for technique as opposed to self-evaluation purposes. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929567 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:37:51 +0100 2929567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837821&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F14%2F7%2F1059%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837821 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837820&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F1047%3Frss%3D1 In recent years increasing attention has been given to how different masculinities are expressed in young men’s health behaviour. To examine whether men can use competence in key health-related masculine domains to compensate for other non-masculine behaviour, group discussions were conducted with men aged 18—21 living in London, England. The analysis revealed the ways in which competence in traditionally masculine health-related domains produces masculine ‘capital’, which can be used to compensate for non-masculine behaviour in other domains. However, the capacity to trade this capital is limited because different masculine and non-masculine behaviours have different values. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837820 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837819&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F1036%3Frss%3D1 In this qualitative study focus groups were used to gain an in-depth understanding of personal and social influences on physical activity in 48 52—87-year-old participants. A model produced using a Grounded Theory analysis showed that preventing health decline was particularly important in determining physical activity participation. Other influences included enjoyment of exercise, others as motivators to exercise and perceived limited appreciation for older people’s needs. The results are discussed in relation to health and exercise interventions designed to motivate exercise behaviour in older adults. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837819 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837818&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F1027%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the prevalence of appearance and weight-related concerns in 879 Australian brides-to-be recruited from five bridal websites. Close to 75 per cent of the sample intended to exercise more and follow a ‘healthy eating plan’, while over 35 per cent planned to cut fat or carbohydrates out of their diets. On average, participants wished to lose over 8kg (18lbs) by their wedding day, and one-third had been told to lose weight by someone else for the wedding. These findings demonstrate the salience of appearance concerns among brides-to-be and highlight the need to promote a healthier bridal body ideal. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837818 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837817&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F1021%3Frss%3D1 Individual and focus group interviews with a total of 40 gay and bisexual men, as well as with 23 community and/or professional key informants, highlighted that sexual coercion is an important, yet under-recognized, barrier to the practice of safer sex among men who have sex with men. In this article we discuss how the dynamics of sexual coercion, including subtle forms, can operate to compromise men’s ability to practise safer sex, leading men to have sex that is both unsafe and unwanted. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837817 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837816&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F1009%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to investigate the dispositional optimism—posttraumatic growth (PTG) relationship in postoperative breast cancer patients and to examine if perceived social support moderates this relationship. The study was conducted with 104 women undergoing postoperative chemotherapy treatment or coming to the hospital for their routine controls. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that breast cancer survivors high on dispositional optimism and perceived social support, are more likely to develop PTG. Among the different sources of social support, only social support perceived from a private person moderated the dispositional optimism—PTG relationship. Strengths, limitations and possible implications of the findings are discussed. (Source: Journa... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837816 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837815&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F997%3Frss%3D1 Successful long-term weight-loss is exceptional, even with the best dietary and psychological interventions. Nomothetic accounts of diet failure focus on cognitive processes and emotional regulation. However, qualitative research suggests that successful dieters draw on wider understandings in explaining their success; this study extends this literature to address diet failure. Individual interviews with 10 self-selected UK dieters are analysed using IPA. Understandings of diet failure are explored and situated within wider cultural discourses. Five themes are identified: ‘Dieting mode’; ‘Multime’; ‘Not me’; ‘Modern life’; and ‘Challenges of emotional and social eating’. Implications for weight-loss interventions are explored. (So... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837815 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837814&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F992%3Frss%3D1 This brief study presents reductions in avoidance and inflexibility as a potential common clinical pathway to intervene on for both smoking cessation and weight control. A mediation analysis—using the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS)—was conducted on a group of participants (N = 84) who were shown to improve weight control outcomes after receiving an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention. Results were then compared to a previous study using the same process measure (AIS) for smoking cessation. Results suggest a common clinical pathway. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837814 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837813&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F982%3Frss%3D1 In dealing with a stressful event, 440 participants reported how frequently they used a variety of different coping strategies, rated their separate impacts on problems and the associated emotions, and reported their effects on subsequent health and well-being. Coping strategies did not generally impact problems or emotions differently. Use of planning led to increased self-efficacy, which along with positive reinterpretation, predicted growth. Emotional venting and behavioral disengagement predicted diminishment, which along with mental disengagement and self-injury, predicted illness. Social support buffered against diminishment. Use of acceptance coping and seeking advice from others had both positive and negative effects on well-being. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837813 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837812&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F967%3Frss%3D1 This qualitative research focused on the significance of subjective experience of mothers who gave birth in an emergency Caesarean section. Ten first-time mothers experiencing emergency Caesarean section were interviewed, and their narrative accounts were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method. Mothers described alienation from the infant on encountering her/him; primal difficulties in holding; a ‘mechanistic’ pattern of childcare at home; over-apprehension and fear of a cradle-death. A few of the women seemed to cope with these experiences by performing ‘a symbolic adoption’ of their infants. In the context of object-relations theory, the findings, will potentially inform psychological care in obstetrics and gynaecology. (Source: Journal of Health Ps... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837812 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837811&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F956%3Frss%3D1 The role of maladaptive cognitive content among individuals with chronic physical illness has been acknowledged in cognitive models. Rumination has been documented as a key predictor of depression, and to a lesser extent of anxiety, in non-clinical samples. This paper provides a preliminary discussion of the potential role of rumination as a causal and maintaining factor for emotional distress in the setting of chronic physical illness. Although a number of methodological limitations exist, the current research on rumination may provide a useful framework for the extension of existing cognitive models in chronic illness. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837811 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837810&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F944%3Frss%3D1 The Latina Breast Cancer Screening (LBCS) was developed to measure Latinas’ culturally-shared health beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. A 60-item LBCS scale was tested with 288 participants and reduced to 35 items using principal components analyses. The 35-item LBCS scale and other measures were administered to a second sample of 147 participants to establish the scale’s validity and reliability. A six-factor solution suggested six LBCS sub-scales. The LBCS in its entirety displayed strong internal consistency ( =.93) with adequate estimates of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. The LBCS scale appears to be a valid and reliable measure. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837810 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837809&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F933%3Frss%3D1 Good diabetic control minimizes the risk of complications. Stress affects control directly through the release of hormones and indirectly by disrupting self-management activities. This review examines the impact of stress management interventions on glycaemic control. Qualifying studies since 1980 were identified using searches of Medline and PsycInfo databases. Ten were identified in adult populations, and four in adolescent populations. The general trend suggested that stress management interventions may be useful in management of diabetes. Further research will provide greater understanding of the particular benefits of various components of stress management training in relation to specific subgroups of the diabetic population. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837809 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837808&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F924%3Frss%3D1 Perceptions of exercise among nonattenders of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) were explored using semi-structured interviews. Analysis indicated that participants did not recognize the cardiovascular benefits of exercise, and perceived keeping active through daily activities as sufficient for health. Health professionals were perceived to downplay the importance of exercise and CR, and medication was viewed as being more important than exercise for promoting health. The content of CR programmes and the benefits of exercise need to be further explained to patients post-MI, and in a manner that communicates to patients that these programmes are valued by significant others, particularly health professionals. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837808 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837807&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F919%3Frss%3D1 The current study examined associations between smoking and body mass index (BMI) utilizing a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 1547). Previous research has shown that smokers have lower BMI than non-smokers; however among smokers, tobacco use is positively associated with BMI. Previous authors have hypothesized this is due to poor behavioral habits among smokers. Building on this, we found that smoking was positively associated with physical inactivity, which mediated the association between tobacco use and BMI. Interpretation, limitations, and future directions are discussed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837807 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837806&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F909%3Frss%3D1 This qualitative study describes GPs’ experiences of and needs for management of people from a South Asian community who have chronic pain. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 GPs from practices in two PCTs in Leicester. The data was analysed using grounded theory. The results indicate that managing patients from a South Asian community with chronic pain can be challenging due to differing pain expression and presentation. Emerging themes refer to shortages of services for these patients including the need for CBT, counselling, community support and GP education and training. Potential implications of the results for service provision are discussed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837806 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837805&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F899%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the factor structure of the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) in a sample of 210 adolescent girls (11—17 years). Such an examination has not been carried out with an adolescent sample. In addition, the definitions of menstrual disorders have evolved since the creation of the MSQ. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three factor structure indicating abdominal pain, negative affect/somatic complaints, and back pain. Partial correlations indicated all three MSQ factors were correlated with depressive symptoms, but only the negative affect factor was correlated with trait anxiety. Future research should explore potential associations in multiple areas of functioning as menstrual symptoms may alter healthy developmental processes during adolescence. (Source: Jo... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837805 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837804&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F888%3Frss%3D1 Using an extended Prototype/Willingness Model, we examined the predictors of willingness to donate an organ to a partner/family member and a stranger while living. A questionnaire assessed university students’ (N = 284) attitudes, subjective norm, prototype favourability, prototype similarity, moral norm, and willingness to donate organs in each recipient scenario. All variables, except prototype favourability, predicted willingness to donate organs in both situations. Future strategies should emphasise perceived approval from important others for living donation, the consistency of living donation with one’s own morals, and encourage perceptions of similarity between oneself and living donors to increase acceptance of living donation. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837804 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837803&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F878%3Frss%3D1 A home visit intervention program for adolescents throughout their pregnancy and during the early stages of motherhood was evaluated. The participants (N = 90) were part of a larger group of adolescents treated in two health centers in a poor neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. The program was carried out by volunteer community health monitors and evaluated through an experimental, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness was examined in comparison with standard health care. Results show higher scores for the intervention group on the mothers’ mental health and nutritional state, as well as on the children’s levels of linguistic development. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837803 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837802&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F872%3Frss%3D1 Drive for muscularity (DM) is associated with anabolic steroid and supplement use, exercise dependence, eating pathology, and low self-esteem. However, only one study has examined how anthropometric measures are related to DM. To extend previous research, and to clarify the relationship between DM and anthropometric indices, 113 college-aged men completed self-report surveys and were assessed for body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and body mass index. We found that supplement use, exercise dependence, and self-esteem, but none of the anthropometric measures, correlated with DM. These results enhance our understanding of DM and can be used to develop interventions to decrease DM. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837802 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837801&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F861%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to understand the processes of interpretation of, and responses to, the task of completing a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) questionnaire. Forty-five adults verbalized their thoughts while completing a full TPB questionnaire on walking behaviour. On average, participants’ verbalizations indicated around 16 problems with the 52 questions. Further, problems as indentified from verbalizations were associated with increased endorsement of the middle option on the questionnaire. Normative and intention questions were found to be particularly problematic. The current standardized method to develop TPB measures systematically yields problematic questions, as indicated by both talk and questionnaire responses. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837801 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837800&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F855%3Frss%3D1 The present study assessed how preventive medical information about hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is spread within the family before actual genetic test results. Forty-two women (19 had a breast or ovarian tumor and 23 did not) were asked to fill out a questionnaire about: (1) the spread within the family of the medical information received during the consultation; and (2) the reasons for sharing this information. Results indicate that all of the women socially shared medical information with an immediate family member for preventive purposes, and generally not for seeking emotional or informative social support. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837800 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837799&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F7%2F843%3Frss%3D1 Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) may experience difficulties in emotional processing that can adversely affect treatment and maintenance of the illness. Focus groups or questionnaires were undertaken with patients with AN, parents and clinicians, with the aim to explore the most salient issues pertaining to emotions and social cognition in AN. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Seven primary themes were identified showing congruence across groups: ‘emotional awareness and understanding’; ‘emotional intolerance’; ‘emotional avoidance’; ‘emotional expression and negative beliefs’; ‘extreme emotional responses’; ‘social interactions and relationships’; and ‘lack of empathy’. Clinica... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837799 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2837799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707445&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F14%2F6%2F833%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707445 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707444&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F14%2F6%2F831%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707444 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707443&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F820%3Frss%3D1 In this study patients (N = 68) reported impacts of AS across a wide range of life domains; negative impacts included physical effects of AS, changes in mood or personality, effects on social life and relationships with friends and family, low self-esteem, stigma and worry about the future; positive impacts included increased exercise, feelings of achievement and empathy, stronger relationships, slower pace of life and a more positive perspective. Implications for treatment are discussed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707443 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707442&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F810%3Frss%3D1 This study examines a conceptual model linking individual cognitive-behavioral and familial influences to adolescents’ poor diet control as a health-risk behavior. A cross-sectional survey collected data from students enrolled in the secondary schools of the Middle Transylvanian Region, Romania (N = 1977). Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Logistic regression analyses revealed that future-orientation, self-regulation, life purpose, parenting style and parental support were all significant protective factors against adolescents’ poor diet control. While both individual and familial variables act as protection for girls and younger adolescents, for boys and older adolescents, only parental variables are significant. (Source: Journal of Health Psychol... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707442 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707441&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F800%3Frss%3D1 The multiplicity of forms of health-related knowledge, including biomedical knowledge, lay knowledge and critical constructionist knowledge, raises challenges for health researchers. On one hand, there is a demand for a pluralist acceptance of the variety of health-related knowledge. On the other, the need to improve health calls for action, and thus for choices between opposing forms of knowledge. The present article proposes a pragmatist approach to this epistemological problem. According to pragmatism, knowledge is a tool for action and as such it should be evaluated according to whether it serves our desired interests. We identify implications for research methodology and the choice of research goals. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707441 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707440&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F794%3Frss%3D1 Socio-economic variations in health behaviours contribute to socio-economic inequalities in health. Time perspective describes how individuals’ consideration of future outcomes influences their present day behaviours and is associated with health behaviours and socio-economic position. Although theoretically plausible, the potential mediating role of time perspective in socio-economic inequalities in health behaviours has received little research attention. Analysis of data from wave 1 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing revealed that time perspective played a small partial mediating role in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and physical activity. The data were self-report and cross-sectional, and the sample restricted to individuals aged 50+. (Source: Journal of Health P... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707440 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707439&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F780%3Frss%3D1 Our meta-analysis examined the impact of exercise interventions on body image; and participant, intervention, and design features associated with larger effects. We identified 57 interventions (with pre-and post-data for the exercise and control groups) examining the effects of exercise on body image. A small random effect indicated that exercise intervention conditions had improved body image compared to control conditions; and that participant (age), design (year of publication), and intervention (exercise frequency and specificity) features moderated the effect size. Research examining the mechanisms and the exercise dose-response required for body image change is needed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707439 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707438&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F771%3Frss%3D1 The Social Reactivity Scale is a questionnaire measure of individual differences in rebelliousness. The associations between rebelliousness, health behaviours and health outcomes were examined in two Dutch samples by means of cross-sectional survey data. We found moderate support for the reliability and construct validity of the scale. Findings were suggestive of rebelliousness, first, being associated with low control beliefs, second, being related to hostility and, third, also heightening the risk of engaging in unhealthy behaviours and that of poor health (perhaps through deliberately rejecting health education messages). Findings thus contribute to the ongoing emergence of an empirically viable theoretical construct. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707438 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707437&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F761%3Frss%3D1 This study examines mediation of the association between social norms and unsafe sexual behavior. Self-report data were collected from 675 HIVinfected men enrolled in a study exploring interventions for HIV risk behavior. Unsafe sex included any unprotected anal sex with HIVnegative or HIV status unknown partners in the last three months. Norms for condom use indirectly influenced unsafe sex through condom self-efficacy and/or safer sex intentions. Additionally, sexual behavior discontrol influenced unsafe sex regardless of other individual or social factors. Our results suggest that interventions consider the combined effects of condom self-efficacy, safer sex intentions and sexual behavior control. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707437 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707436&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F751%3Frss%3D1 Understanding was sought of the ways that female students understand and feel about physical activity and exercise participation, to inform effective and ethical intervention. Sixteen women participated in semi-structured interviews which were analysed thematically, using QSR NUD*IST 4. Physical activity and exercise proved emotive topics and meant different things to different people. Some women associated physical activity and exercise with enjoyment, or achieving their goals. Others saw exercise in particular as a duty, associated with feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Findings supported the value of promoting realistic goals, and careful choice of activities according to individual preferences. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707436 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707435&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F741%3Frss%3D1 In order to explore the personal experience of chronic urologic pain we asked patients to journal in their own words their daily symptoms and the effects of those symptoms on home/family life, working life and social life. Journal responses were independently reviewed by three researchers and major themes summarized following an inductive approach. Three major themes were identified concerning symptoms, personal and interpersonal effects of symptoms and related role limitations. Fatigue emerged as a newly recognized symptom that may benefit from treatment. Role limitations are mediated by potentially modifiable personal and interpersonal effects currently not addressed in urologic pain treatment paradigms. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707435 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707434&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F731%3Frss%3D1 Facial disfigurement affects approximately one in 500 children and young people in the UK. Four mothers and their four children aged 11—13 years who have a facial disfigurement were recruited through the charity Changing Faces, in order to examine the perspectives and concerns of adolescents and their mothers, and how they live with their disfigurement. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The implications for research and practice in health psychology are discussed, and in particular the support and intervention of friends, constant vigilance and practical assistance from mothers, and the individual characteristics of the child are highlighted for further consideration. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707434 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707433&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F721%3Frss%3D1 The Health Information Orientation Scale (HIOS) was developed from a need to briefly assess information orientation in a health context and underlying reasons for information seeking or avoidance. Using data from a larger longitudinal study of informal cancer caregivers, this study examines psychometric properties of the HIOS, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability and construct validity through associations with information competence, coping and distress. CFA supported two conceptually unique factors: Information Engagement and Information Apprehension. Each factor demonstrated adequate reliability and construct validity, providing promising findings regarding Information Engagement and Information Apprehension, specific to a health context. (Source: Journal of Health ... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707433 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707432&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F6%2F715%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the covariation of negative emotions with airflow among 48 persons with asthma and their partners as they discussed relationship problems. Measures included self-reported questionnaires, airflow and behavior coded from videotaped discussions. Significantly increased self-reported hostility and statistically but not clinically significant declines in airflow were found post- versus pre-discussion. Self-reported responses to asthma symptoms of more anger and less loneliness predicted lower post-discussion airflow after accounting for pre-discussion airflow. The use of effort-independent measures of airflow and autonomic nervous system monitoring may inform future research regarding the physiological mechanisms through which mood and behavior affect airflow. (Source: Journ... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707432 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2707432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482393&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F707%3Frss%3D1 This study examined factors affecting intention to enroll in an organ donor registry and intention to talk to family about organ donation. Participants indicated their views about maintaining body integrity as an individual right and donating organs as a social responsibility. Results showed that the influence of social responsibility on intention to enroll was stronger for white Americans than for Asian Americans. Individual right was negatively associated with intention to enroll among Asian Americans, but not among white Americans. Social responsibility was significant for intention to talk among both white Americans and Asian Americans, but individual right was not significant. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482393 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482392&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F696%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated adaptation to low back pain using PPA to examine the relationship between participants' perceptions of pain, and their functioning and well-being. Participants appraised their five most important projects on 26 dimensions, such as project value, success and difficulty. Factor analyses of the project ratings yielded five dispositions (Integrity, Personal Agency, Social Visibility, Pain Salience and Stressfulness). In regression analysis all five dispositions significantly predicted Physical and Social Function, Disruption of Roles, and Well-being. `Pain Salience' was the strongest predictor of functional outcomes, and `Stressfulness' was the best predictor of well-being. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482392 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482391&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F684%3Frss%3D1 Identity and Self-efficacy Theories were used to examine the relationship between healthy-eater identity, self-efficacy for healthy eating and healthy eating. Measures of healthy-eater identity, perception of healthy eating, nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy for both intake of fruits and vegetables and foods of low nutritional value were completed by 101 university students and staff. Two weeks later, participants recalled recent consumption of (a) fruits and vegetables and (b) foods of low nutritional value. For both eating outcomes, healthy-eater identity was a significant predictor after controlling for nutrition knowledge. The addition of self-efficacy improved prediction in the case of both eating outcomes. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482391 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482390&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F682%3Frss%3D1 A recent and interesting publication by Bruscia, Shultis, Dennery and Dileo (2008a) indicated that Sense of Coherence might be a significant predictor of Quality of Life in cardiac patients. In this short critique paper, some possible shortcomings of this study will be discussed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482390 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482389&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F675%3Frss%3D1 Recently there has been a growth of interest in mindfulness-based psychotherapeutic approaches across a range of medical problems. Cardiac rehabilitation patients often suffer from stress, worry, anxiety and depression, all of which can lead to poor prognosis and worsening of cardiac symptoms. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of participant experiences, this study reports on the first known Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy group adapted for cardiac rehabilitation. Analysis identified the development of awareness, commitment, within group experiences, relating to the material and acceptance as central experiential themes. The use of the approach was supported for this population. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482389 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482388&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F663%3Frss%3D1 The Waist Disposal Challenge consisted of a health intervention at the community level to bring about a reduction in body mass index (BMI) and is delivered at three levels: educational presentations on nutrition and exercise; monthly monitoring of BMI competition; telephone lifestyle coaching with follow-ups. Twenty-three Rotary Clubs participated in Western Australia in 2007—08 (750 Rotarians). The significant to moderate decreases in BMI are an encouraging indication that such community based-projects for men at-risk of developing chronic disease may influence the way health services reorient their community programmes to suit the health psychology of middle-aged to older men. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482388 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482387&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F660%3Frss%3D1 There is no question that health psychology needs to be more involved with matters concerning health inequalities and the social injustices associated with media racism, and racism in general. It is recognized that our discipline has the potential to develop and carry out research that can make valuable contributions to address such issues. Reflecting and discussing these matters were useful in this respect, however, the recommendations raised here need to be put into practice for real progress to be made. Engaging with society itself is also crucial. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482387 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482386&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F655%3Frss%3D1 Estacio (this issue) has provided a moving demonstration of the way in which racism impacts on health at interpersonal, societal and global levels and how the discourses that create and sustain unequal treatment may be identified in everyday mediated talk, including the use of humour. In this commentary I develop Estacio's discussion of the importance of racism in regard to health inequalities. Using her structure, I briefly suggest additional ways in which critical health psychologists may approach these issues by drawing on work from psychology and other disciplines to develop just approaches to health research and practice. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482386 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482385&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F651%3Frss%3D1 Estacio argues for critical health psychology to take action to address three issues raised (unintentionally) in the `Harry and Paul' sketch broadcast on British television. It is suggested that, although attempting humour, the sketch offensively reflected and reproduced patterns of social injustice that are far from funny. We argue here that micro-level analysis of the interactional elements of the sketch provides an understanding of how in everyday contexts Filipino workers are constructed in socially unjust terms and of how abuse can be justified. Such an understanding can allow critical health psychology to make a distinctive contribution to these topics. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482385 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482384&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F647%3Frss%3D1 Estacio presents the exploitation of migrant workers, particularly those from low income countries, as a challenge for critical health psychology. This resonates with calls for an understanding of health that reflects its social determinants, the influence of power relationships and the need for social justice to promote people's welfare and rights. Recent developments in international health policy now call for an approach to health that is inter-disciplinary, intersectoral and inter-ministerial. This presents critical health psychology with an opportunity and an obligation to address health in this complex `inter-land'. The concept of `research for health', the recommendations of the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health and the Bamako Call for Action on Research for Health, ar... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482384 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482383&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F643%3Frss%3D1 This commentary explores the relevance of media racism to health psychology. While supporting Dr Estacio's call for health psychologists to get involved in promoting social justice via the media, we propose that health psychologists should not overstate the negative influence of the media on racism in society. Media content is complex and contradictory. It contains both racist and anti-racist representations. Challenging racism requires a conceptualization of links between the representational spaces provided by the media and the everyday geographic places within which inter-personal interactions and exploitation occur. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482383 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482382&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F638%3Frss%3D1 Depending on which kind of philosophy of science we espouse, health psychology can be a relatively concrete or relatively abstract activity. Estacio, I suggest, prioritizes the concrete, by foregrounding real social phenomena. I argue that prioritizing the concrete has two particular benefits: it increases the social relevance of health psychology, and it increases the validity of our analyses, by ensuring that they are close to reality. To further the pursuit of the concrete, I suggest that critical health psychology is in particular need of exemplars of critical health psychology in action, rather than reflexive commentary on critical health psychology itself. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482382 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482381&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F627%3Frss%3D1 In a previous article, I called for an open discussion and debate on health psychology perspectives on social and political issues relevant to health, in particular the issue concerning racism and the media (Estacio, 2009). In this article, I raise three topics for discussion which the controversial BBC `Harry and Paul' sketch (un)intentionally exposed to the public domain: (1) racist humour, the media and health; (2) human rights abuses against domestic workers; and (3) third world poverty and labour migration. Its implications on health psychology theory, research and practice are also explored. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482381 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352066&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F611%3Frss%3D1 This study determined the feasibility, reliability and validity of the 23-item PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales Young Adult Version as a multidimensional measure of health-related quality of life. The study population consisted of 1273 students ages 18—25. The PedsQLTM (Physical, Emotional, Social, Work/School Functioning) Young Adult Version and SF-8TM were self-administered. The PedsQLTM evidenced minimal missing responses, achieved excellent reliability for the Total Scale Score, acceptable reliability for subscale scores, distinguished between healthy young adults and young adults with chronic health conditions and was significantly correlated with the SF-8TM. The results demonstrate the measurement properties of the PedsQLTM Young Adult Version. (Source: Journal of Health Psycho... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352066 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352065&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F601%3Frss%3D1 This article reports on findings of a qualitative study exploring the challenges expressed by participants who provide sex education for persons with learning disabilities, revealing a tension between a human rights discourse and a discourse of restriction of sexual behaviours. Sex education, in the context of HIV/AIDS, may potentially construct sex as dangerous, echoing past constructions of disabled people's sexuality as problematic. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352065 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352064&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F587%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present 15-year follow-up was to study the association between childhood psychological symptoms and sense of coherence (SOC) in adolescence. Destructive behaviour at three years, attention problems and thought problems at 12 years, attention problems, anxiety/depression, delinquency and somatic complaints at 15 years predicted a poor SOC at 18 years. Problems reported by adolescents themselves explained a poor SOC much more often than problems reported by parents. The identification of early childhood behavioural problems helps us to identify children at risk of ill-being in adolescence since problems seem to persist unchanged until that period of life. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352064 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352063&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F578%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of the current study was to examine the interrelationships between autonomous regulation (AR) and locus of control (LOC) and their prediction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence among 189 HIV+ patients. Path analyses revealed that neither AR nor LOC directly predicted adherence although AR was indirectly related when mediated by self-efficacy. AR was positively related to internal and doctors LOC, but not related to chance or others LOC. Overall, results support Self-determination Theory's conceptualization of AR and indicate that AR may be a more robust predictor of medication adherence than LOC variables. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352063 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352062&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F568%3Frss%3D1 This study set out to investigate how biological dysregulation, in terms of allostatic load (AL), relates to self-rated health (SRH) in women. Data on SRH and 12 biomarkers used to assess AL were available for 241 employees from the health care sector and 98 employees from the IT/media sector. In line with the hypothesis, results showed that a poor SRH, along with occupational sector, age and education, were significantly associated with a high AL, particularly for those working within the health care sector. This association between a poor SRH and AL, suggests a link between SRH and biological dysregulation. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352062 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352061&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F556%3Frss%3D1 Overweight individuals face significant prejudice and discrimination in daily life yet it is not well understood how factors associated with prejudice and discrimination (i.e. negative social stereotypes) impact overweight individuals' exercise/dietary health intentions. It is proposed that the Model of Stereotype Threat may serve as a useful theoretical tool for interpreting the situational impact of negative stereotypes on the health intentions of overweight individuals. Analyses with a community sample of 100 clinically overweight women showed that priming overweight women to think about weight-related stereotypes led to significantly diminished exercise and dietary health intentions. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352061 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352060&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F547%3Frss%3D1 Community college and university smokers (N = 662) estimated their probability (0% to 100%) of remaining a smoker one and six months later and reported their confidence in their estimates. Smoking status was assessed at each time point. Analyses controlled for several correlates of both smoking status and probability estimates of remaining a smoker. Estimates of smoking status interacted with confidence to predict smoking status at one month, but only estimates predicted smoking status at six months. Findings suggest that: 1) personal estimate of future smoking status is a unique correlate of continued smoking; and 2) confidence in personal estimates is a strong moderator for short-term projections of smoking status. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352060 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352059&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F536%3Frss%3D1 A structural equation model was estimated based on a Swiss national sample of 5649 12- to 18-year-olds to test whether individual drinking motives mediate the link between classmates' motives and individual alcohol use. Results showed that the social, enhancement, coping and conformity motives of individual students are associated with the corresponding motive dimension of other students in the class. No direct effect of the four classmates' motives on individual drinking, but an indirect effect via individual motives was observed. It appears that drinking motives within the adolescent social environment exert their influence on drinking by way of shaping individual motives. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352059 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352058&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F525%3Frss%3D1 Research indicates that African Americans diagnosed with cancer tend to use religion in coping. However less is known about the specific role that religion plays in the coping process. Based on previous qualitative work, five instruments were developed to assess the role of religious involvement in cancer coping: God as helper, God as healer, Faith in healing, Control over cancer and New perspective. The instruments were administered to 100 African Americans with cancer. Each exhibited high internal reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. These instruments may have applied value for the development of church-based cancer support/survivorship interventions. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352058 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352057&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F513%3Frss%3D1 The major hypothesis of the study was that perfectionism as a personality trait, along with the five-factor personality traits and dispositional optimism, is strongly associated with mortality in late life. After baseline assessment of health and personality traits as predictors of mortality, 450 participants were followed over a period of 6.5 years. Consistent with our hypotheses, findings demonstrated that risk of death was significantly greater for high scorers in perfectionism and neuroticism, compared to low scorers at the time of base line. Conversely, risk of death was significantly lower for high scorers in conscientiousness, extraversion and optimism. Implications for health and longevity are discussed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352057 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352056&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F503%3Frss%3D1 The relationship between health and happiness was explored using a cross-sectional survey of 383 community-dwelling older adults. As a function of self-reported health, median happiness was increasing at a decreasing rate; happiness variability was decreasing at a decreasing rate. In multivariable logistic regression, lowest-quartile happiness was associated with poverty, unfavorable subjective health, debilitating pain and urinary incontinence, but not with the comorbidity count or other comorbidities. The results, robust to common method bias, suggest that subjective health measures are better predictors of happiness than objective measures are, except for conditions that disrupt daily functioning or are associated with social stigma. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352056 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352055&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F14%2F4%2F502%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352055 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352054&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F490%3Frss%3D1 Determining how music-based interventions have been described in published literature is an important first step in evaluating whether guidelines for reporting music-based interventions need to be developed. Twenty-two pediatric intervention studies that met specified inclusion criteria were reviewed for content in 11 areas. This review revealed significant gaps in intervention reporting. Problems were particularly pronounced in eight areas: music qualities, intervention materials, intervention components, intervention delivery schedule, interventionist, treatment fidelity, setting and music delivery method. Development of reporting guidelines for music-based interventions is needed to improve reporting and advance evidence-based practice. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352054 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352053&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F4%2F475%3Frss%3D1 Psychology requires new heuristics for intervention research and reporting. There are problems with evidence-based practice (EBP) and with publications reporting intervention studies in Psychology. These issues are connected. EBP is associated with unsustainable levels of Waste, Inertia, Invalidity, Simplisticity and Opacity. Eleven domains of behaviour change are defined which encompass a vast array of programmes, interventions and techniques. These procedures are delivered in a multitude of combinations enabling millions of different interventions in Psychology. Reporting an intervention study in Psychology is a complex operation. A taxonomy for intervention reports is described. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352053 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271289&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F457%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to test the causal ordering among perceived autonomy support from health care practitioners, motivation, coping strategies and compliance to dietary self-care activities. Using a cross-lagged panel model, we investigate how these variables relate to one another over a one-year period. A total of 365 adults with Type 2 diabetes participated in the study. Results suggest that autonomous motivation and active planning are reciprocally related over time, and that prior autonomous motivation is related to the extent participants subsequently comply with their diet. Results are discussed in light of Self-determination Theory and the coping perspective. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271289 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271288&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F447%3Frss%3D1 That sicker people evaluate quality of life in future health status more positively, compared to healthier people, is viewed as an instance of affective forecasting error and explained by Prospect Theory, which holds that two prospects (poor health vs death) are more distinguishable when they are imminent than when distant. In a sample of 230 elderly people, we tested whether life in nine health scenarios would be more acceptable to less healthy individuals than to healthier ones. An interaction between current health status and health scenario supported the relative acceptability of poor-health prospects to sicker individuals, confirming the hypothesis. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271288 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271287&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F435%3Frss%3D1 This article is an analysis of talk in breastfeeding workshops that are part of National Childbirth Trust antenatal classes. Using audio-recordings from breastfeeding workshops antenatal classes, the data were analysed using a qualitative, discursive methodology based in part on the premises outlined by Potter and Wetherell (1987) and Edwards and Potter (1992, 2001). The analysis demonstrates how there are two main discourses of breastfeeding constructed by the breastfeeding counsellor—breastfeeding as natural, and breastfeeding as learnt. In particular, it notes how these two main discourses of breastfeeding that are seemingly in competition with one another, operate concurrently within the teaching of breastfeeding, and enable the breastfeeding counsellor to manage issues and conce... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271287 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271286&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F425%3Frss%3D1 In this study a high percentage of older adults were either overweight or obese. The aims were to assess older adults' tolerance for excess weight, and to compare self-perceptions of an acceptable weight with national guidelines. Participants were 76 males and females aged between 65 and 97 years. Results indicated that 60 per cent accurately identified their own body size. Further, participants were more tolerant of excess weight in males compared to females, regardless of age. It was concluded that this cohort remains vulnerable to weight-related illnesses. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271286 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271285&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F414%3Frss%3D1 Although theories on meta-cognition and self-monitoring imply the importance of meta-cognition in patient—physician interactions, there is no evidence to support this hypothesis. Thus, we evaluated patient and physician perceptions of the level of a physician's explanation and explored the possible influence of patient meta-cognition on patient responses to physicians. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 579 internist—patient pairs in Japan. The findings show that patient meta-cognition, and not perception, of the sufficiency of a physician's explanation plays a critical role in determining extreme patient responses to a physician, such as ignoring the physician's advice and doctor-shopping, whereas patient perception is a predictor of milder patient responses such as patien... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271285 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271284&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F403%3Frss%3D1 This investigation examined the interaction of disengagement coping with HIV/AIDS-related stigma and mindful-based attention and awareness in regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS. There was a significant interaction in regard to anxiety symptoms. Higher levels of disengagement coping paired with lower levels of mindful-based attention and awareness was related to the greatest degrees of anxiety symptoms, while lower levels of disengagement coping paired with higher levels of mindful-based attention and awareness was related to the lowest levels of anxiety symptoms. Although the interaction for depressive symptoms was not significant, a similar pattern of results was observed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271284 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271283&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F394%3Frss%3D1 The present study extended the applicability of Objectification Theory to predict disordered eating in British women and men. Participants completed measures of self-objectification, body surveillance, body shame and disordered eating. Path analyses indicated strong support for the theoretical model in women, with body shame fully mediating the relation between self-objectification and disordered eating. Patterns were similar for men with two exceptions; body shame increased with lower self-objectification and disordered eating was directly increased with higher self-objectification. Findings extend Objectification Theory as a useful framework for identifying sociocultural influences on disordered eating in British women and men. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271283 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271282&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F387%3Frss%3D1 This study examined whether social support coping might mediate the relationship between gender and posttraumatic growth. College students and community residing adults ( N = 221) recalled a stressful or traumatic event that they had recently experienced and responded to measures of posttraumatic growth and coping while keeping this event in mind. Gender was significantly associated with both social support coping and growth while social support coping was a partial mediator of the relationship between gender and posttraumatic growth. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271282 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271281&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F378%3Frss%3D1 The relation between leisure and well-being, including happiness and self-concept, was examined in 375 children aged 8—12 years. Active leisure (e.g. physical activity) was positively correlated with well-being. Passive leisure (e.g. television and video games) was negatively correlated with well-being. Aspects of active leisure (e.g. the importance of sport to the child and how sports made the child feel) as judged by both parents and children accounted for unique variance in children's wellbeing; passive leisure did not. Similar to previous research on adolescents and adults, active leisure activities were related to children's well-being. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271281 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271280&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F372%3Frss%3D1 The effects of measurement method on levels of unrealistic optimism for developing diabetes were examined in 323 UK adults. A mixed factorial design comprised direct and indirect measures of unrealistic optimism as the within-subjects variable, and between-subjects manipulations of the order of direct versus indirect assessment, the order of self—other comparison, the number of response options used and the polarity of the ratings. More unrealistic optimism was obtained using the direct method and using unipolar scales, and/or with the self—other order in the indirect method. The results indicate that levels of unrealistic optimism depend on its assessment method. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271280 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271279&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F361%3Frss%3D1 We applied a general theoretical framework to understand intentions to attend recommended follow-up for abnormal Pap results. Participants were 338 women attending university-affiliated clinics. Intention was associated with favorable attitudes toward follow-up (OR = 5.3); perceiving attending follow-up as consistent with one's self-concept (OR = 3.0); self-efficacy (OR = 1.8); and believing one would be told exactly what is wrong (OR = 1.3). Intention was negatively associated with believing the problem could be avoided by not returning for follow-up (OR = 0.75). Beliefs, affect and attitudes differed by race and ethnicity (all p < .05). Attendance at follow-up was related to attitude and self-concept (both p < .05). Results have implications for theory development and patient educa... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271279 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271278&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F3%2F355%3Frss%3D1 The UK has an increasing ageing population and, like other western societies, has undergone several significant shifts over the last 50 years, including attitudes towards sexual activity, relationships and growing older. Drawing on evidence from a range of sources and a number of disciplines, this editorial examines the potential sexual and reproductive health implications for current and future cohorts of `older' people, and considers the role of health psychology in responding to the challenges of growing older in a rapidly changing (sexualized, digitalized and medicalized) world. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271278 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208384&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F336%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the concept, development and application of a new assessment tool (the Barts Explanatory Model Inventory) that aims to help health professionals determine illness perceptions and treatment preferences of distress. The article describes the tool's background in theories of illness perception, gives a brief review of currently available instruments and describes the systematic development of this new instrument. Results from the first application are discussed to determine benefits and weaknesses of the new tool. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208384 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208383&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F326%3Frss%3D1 Qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 women who were heavy drinkers, as part of a larger, longitudinal study of heavy drinking in the West Midlands of England. Critical discourse analysis was used to analyse the interviews, and resulted in the identification of two main discursive constructions: drink as self-medication, and drink as pleasure and leisure. However, women need to resist and negotiate stigmatizing subject positions of the `woman drinker' in order both to justify their drinking and to protect their moral status as `good women'. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208383 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208382&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F313%3Frss%3D1 Data from a randomized clinical trial were used to examine the extent to which a health promotion intervention affected changes in psychosocial constructs and if so whether these in turn explained changes in physical activity (PA). PA and psychosocial data on 878 adolescents (ages 11—15) recruited through primary care providers (age M = 12.7 years, SD = 1.3; 58% white non-Hispanic) were measured at baseline, six and 12 months. Parallel process latent growth curve analyses found positive relationships between the growth trajectories of behavior change strategies, self-efficacy, family support, peer support and the growth trajectory of PA. However, mediation analyses did not reveal statistically significant intervention-mediated effects. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208382 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208381&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F306%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to examine the relation between the degree of dissimilarity in patients' and relatives' perception of eating disorders (ED) and patient adjustment. Sixty ED patients and their relatives were interviewed. They completed the Spanish version for ED of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Patients who agreed with their relatives that their illness was highly distressful, a chronic condition and with high identity, showed higher psychological distress than patients who did not agree with their relatives. When patients and relatives had fairly positive perceptions of illness controllability and curability, these patients showed lower levels of depression and anxiety. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208381 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208380&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F297%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the usefulness of the stage of change model and protection motivation theory (PMT) in creating brief persuasive appeals to promote healthy sun-behavior. College women (N = 254) read one of four essays that manipulated the level of threat and coping appraisal. The transition from the precontemplation to contemplation stage was promoted by threat appraisal information, but transition from contemplation to the preparation stage occurred only when individuals were provided with both high threat and high coping information. Thus, brief communications based on PMT may create attitudes leading to behavior change when later, more intensive, interventions are introduced. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208380 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208379&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F288%3Frss%3D1 We used Self-Regulation Theory (SRT) to elaborate and describe cognitive and affective representations presumed to underlie CAM decisions in a sample of 55 men who were using CAM after having received conventional treatment for early-stage, localized prostate cancer. Positive representations of CAM were the strongest predictors of beliefs that CAM was necessary for one's health (a `pulling' effect toward CAM). Nonetheless, negative representations of conventional medicine made an important, though somewhat lesser contribution (a `pushing' effect away from conventional medicine and towards CAM). Our results also indicate preliminarily that affect may be more important than cognition in shaping CAM decisions. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208379 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208378&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F278%3Frss%3D1 The current qualitative research studied representations of illness posttreatment from a heart transplant group, a panic disorder group, and a tic disorder group. All three groups were preoccupied with perceptions about the impact of the illness, perception of self and the perception of how others view the ill person. The heart transplant group seem to adopt an active style of coping compared to the panic disorder group who presented a more passive, anticipatory mode of coping, and the tic group who were preoccupied with control over the perceptions of others. This qualitative information could help optimize adaptation strategies. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208378 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208377&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F267%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions were limited by an ambiguous definition of compassion fatigue that fails to adequately differentiate it from related constructs (e.g. burnout, secondary traumatic stress) and the modest number of cancer-related studies found. However, evidence suggests that compassion fatigue takes a toll not only on cancer-care providers but also on the workplace. These findings highlight the need to understand more clearly the link between the empathic sensitivity of healthcare professionals and their vulnerability to compassion fatigue. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208377 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208376&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F258%3Frss%3D1 We examined whether receptivity to health messages depends on interactions between illness characteristics and dispositional concern for justice. Participants considered the preventability of six illnesses after exposure to a message that manipulated personal responsibility for illness. Paradoxically, participants with strong just world beliefs reported greater preventability for less preventable illnesses, such as brain cancer, when exposed to an unpreventable health message. In parallel, participants with low justice beliefs reported less preventability for lung cancer when exposed to a preventable message. This just world boomerang effect suggests that individual dispositions and illness characteristics can interact in ways that can produce either acquiescence or opposition to persuasiv... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208376 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208375&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F251%3Frss%3D1 This study indicates not only that PLWH/A are optimistically biased in their risk pereceptions, but also that they do not use others' HIV status to assess similarity. Perceived similarity with others, however, affects risk judgements: greater the perceived similarity with others, greater the tendency to judge others' vulnerability relative to one's own. Findings point to the importance of considering similarity as a key variable in understanding how risk assessments are made by persons with chronic health conditions. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208375 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208374&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F242%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this research was to explore young women's experience of living with type 1 diabetes. Nine young women aged between 18 and 24 took part in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Four main super-ordinate themes emerged; `the relationship with the body', `personal challenges', `the impact of relationships' and `changing and adapting'. These themes provide a deeper understanding of the issues faced by young women with type 1 diabetes. The implications for clinical practice are discussed. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208374 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208373&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F232%3Frss%3D1 Six measures of physiological dysregulation were derived from 11 clinically assessed biomarkers, and related to health outcomes and health behaviors for the Hawaii Personality and Health cohort (N = 470). Measures summing extreme scores at one tail of the biomarker distributions performed better than ones summing both tails, and continuous measures performed better than count scores. Health behaviors predicted men's dysregulation but not women's. Dysregulation and health behaviors predicted self-rated health for both men and women, and depressive symptoms predicted self-rated health only for women. These findings provide preliminary guidelines for constructing valid summary measures of global health status for use in health psychology. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208373 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208372&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F222%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to understand the patterns, methods of administration and contexts for methamphetamine use (MA) in a sample of racially diverse men who have sex with men (MSM). Inclusion into the study required participants to be classified as clinically dependent on MA, but indicate no other illicit substance use. Use was assessed using Timeline Followback for a period of 30 days. Of the 900 assessed days, MA use was reported on 217. Participants reported an average of seven days of use, with the majority of use occurring on the weekend. The weekend usage pattern suggests an incorporation of drugs into the lives of gay men as a means of socialization and recreation. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208372 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208371&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F215%3Frss%3D1 This study assessed the relationship between illness intrusiveness, symptoms, disability and depression in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Participants were 16 patients with ME and eight patients with ME plus co-morbid disorders. The patients with co-morbid disorders reported greater illness intrusiveness than the patients with ME alone, but there were no differences between the groups on the other variables. Significant correlations were found between illness intrusiveness on the one hand, and fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, disability and depression, on the other. We conclude that ME is a disabling illness, which has a major impact on various life domains. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208371 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208370&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F200%3Frss%3D1 We hypothesized that loss of interpersonal, financial and work resources would mediate the relationship between physical and sexual abuse, cancer-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, noncancer-related PTSD symptoms and depressive mood among women with cancer. Participants were 64 women with heterogeneous cancers (64.1% breast cancer) seeking outpatient treatment. Structured interviews were conducted to assess for pre-cancer interpersonal trauma, recent loss of interpersonal, financial and work resources, cancer-related PTSD symptoms, noncancer-related PTSD symptoms and depressive mood. Only interpersonal loss mediated the relationship between earlier interpersonal trauma and current PTSD symptoms and depressive mood. Implications of the findings are discussed. (Source: Jo... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208370 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208369&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F190%3Frss%3D1 Experiences of obesity stigmatization and fear of fat, body image and self-esteem, were examined in relation to weight loss and weight maintenance. Participants in obesity treatment (N = 185) with more stigmatizing experiences had poorer body image and greater fear of fat. Higher initial BMI, more stigmatizing experiences, lower body dissatisfaction and greater fear of fat predicted greater weight loss. Higher initial BMI and more stigmatizing experiences predicted greater weight maintenance after six months in treatment. These findings suggest that despite the negative psychological correlates of stigmatization, experience and fear of obesity's negative consequences may also be associated with improved treatment outcome. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208369 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208368&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F181%3Frss%3D1 In this article I present some reflections on my experience of the process of wresting meaning from meaninglessness. My reflections are both personal and scholarly in that I trace my own experience of struggling with meaning-making and attempt to illuminate them with reference to published work, drawing on concepts from existentialist philosophy in particular. Much of what is contained in this article is based upon reflections recorded in my personal diary written during the process of being diagnosed with cancer. As such, the article itself constitutes an example of the kind of writing that this special section is concerned with. I quote verbatim from my diary throughout this article in order to demonstrate the process of meaning-making through writing. (Source: Journal of Health Psycholo... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208368 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208367&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F171%3Frss%3D1 This article contrasts expressive writing theories and methodologies with those evolving in the relatively new field of developmental creative writing. It investigates a number of theoretical and methodological problems with the expressive writing model and argues for a more critical approach to future research. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208367 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208366&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F161%3Frss%3D1 The use of literature in medical education has increased greatly in recent years, as attested to by growth in the medical humanities field. In this article we argue that literary texts may be beneficial for use in health psychology, illustrated by an analysis of patient—physician interaction in the novel Breath by Thomas Bernhard. Reading novels can impact on people's health-related behaviours. Using novels in our teaching and training can illustrate that there are alternative, useful ways of gaining health-related knowledge beyond objective, scientific rationality. Novels are able to show health, illness, disability and suffering in their full human, social and spiritual contexts, and therefore should be considered seriously in our health psychology endeavours. (Source: Journal of H... Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208366 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208365&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F158%3Frss%3D1 This article introduces this special section. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208365 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2208364&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F2%2F155%3Frss%3D1 The BBC comedy show `Harry and Paul' sparked media controversy in the UK and around the world for inciting stereotyped racial discrimination, vulgarity and violation of human rights when it portrayed a Filipino domestic worker as a sex toy in Episode 4 of the series. This incident raises the issue concerning the media's role in framing social issues and how it affects the wider determinants of health. There is a need for health psychology as an academic discipline to engage more in these issues. The Journal of Health Psychology provides a unique platform for discussion and debate of perspectives on racism, the media and health. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2208364 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2208364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2085761&cid=s_27141_36_f&fid=27141&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhpq.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F1%2F142%3Frss%3D1 This study reviewed previous studies to explore the psychosocial impact of having alopecia areata (AA). Nineteen primary studies, representing a total of 1271 participants from nine different countries are described and the psychosocial impact of AA is considered. Upon review of the evidence, it is apparent that AA causes dramatic and devastating emotions in patients, which can negatively impact their self-esteem, body image, and/or self-confidence. The negative impact of AA may be heightened for female patients due to the societal pressure to be attractive. Treatment for alopecia patients should offer psychological support to foster increased self-esteem and adaptation to their disorder. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology) Journal of Health Psychology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2085761 Wed, 07 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2085761