MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:15:45 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668184&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg2701k568g427046%2F In this study we investigated 37 H. influenzae strains isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) in Shanghai city between Dec 2008 and Apr 2009. H. influenzae clinical isolates were identified, and β-lactamase production tests were conducted and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was introduced as an effective fingerprinting method. Two isolates (5.4%) were verified as serotype b strains, and 30 strains (81.1%) were nontypeable H. influenzae. Furthermore, 10 (27.0%) were β-lactamase-producing ampicillin-resistance (BLPAR) (TEM-1 type) strains, 11 (29.8%) were low-β-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (Low-BLNAR) strains, and the rest were β-lactamase-negative... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668184 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:22:05 +0100 5668184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668185&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F857k5k2r43205332%2F Abstract  Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) or Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from the pharynx of women or men is not uncommon. However, there is no recommendation how urologists should care for the pharyngeal infection of men with urethritis in Japan. The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence of NG or CT infection in the pharynx of men and to show a recommendation for urologists. The Japanese reports about the detection of NG or CT from the pharynx or the oral cavity of men in Japan are reviewed in the literature from 1990 to 2011. The prevalence of NG or CT in the pharynx was 4% or 6% in men who attended clinics, and 20% or 6% in men who were positive for NG or CT from genital specimens, respectively. Single 1-g dose ceftriaxone was recommended to treat pharynge... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668185 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:22:04 +0100 5668185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668186&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3485146650g81713%2F Abstract   Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative bacillus that can cause illness ranging from a self-limiting enterocolitis to life-threatening bacteremia. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1B, serotype O:8 (1B/O:8), is the most pathogenic of the Yersinia species because of the presence of the high-pathogenicity island and the Yersinia virulence plasmid (pYV). Here, we report a pediatric case of Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8 bacteremia and enterocolitis. A 20-month-old girl was admitted to hospital with fever, pharyngitis, and abdominal pain on day 2. Blood culture on admission was positive for Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8. Stool culture on day 5 after cefotaxime treatment was also positive for Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8, but only after cold enrichment at 4°C for 3 weeks. PC... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668186 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:14:00 +0100 5668186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5649399&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7k43148540776612%2F Abstract  Influenza related to complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis have sporadically been reported. However, influenza A (H1N1)-virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) has rarely been reported. A 39-year old woman complained of high fever and was referred to us. Chest infiltrations in both lungs and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimen was confirmed and she was diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. Pancytopenia was found, and hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration. Following intravenous administration of antiflu drug and combination therapy of steroid pulse and erythromycin IV, the patient’s respiratory dysfunction a... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5649399 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:07 +0100 5649399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5649400&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn48j3h54300l7362%2F Abstract  A multicenter, uncontrolled clinical study has been conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) in children. In this article, the safety and efficacy of L-AMB are discussed. Subjects were diagnosed with invasive fungal infection (definitely diagnosed cases), possible fungal infection (clinically diagnosed cases), and febrile neutropenia with suspected fungal infection (febrile neutropenia cases). Of the 39 subjects treated with L-AMB, 18 received a definite (11) or clinical (7) diagnosis of invasive fungal infection. In these subjects, excluding one unevaluable subject, L-AMB was effective in nine out of 17 subjects (52.9%). Of 12 febrile neutropenia cases, improvement in clinical symptoms, etc., was observe... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5649400 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:06 +0100 5649400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5649401&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd7912674jxr47775%2F We report findings for a 74-year-old woman with Candida tropicalis endophthalmitis for whom an increase in β-d-glucan level and worsening of endophthalmitis were observed after intravenous injection of micafungin, an echinocandin antifungal agent. Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by C. tropicalis developed in both eyes. On the basis of her surgical history, laboratory data, and lesions, tentative diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis was made. She was then treated with fluconazole and itraconazole, but the β-d-glucan level did not decrease, and there was no improvement of the endophthalmitis. The fluconazole was discontinued and replaced by micafungin. Unexpectedly, the level of β-d-glucan increased and endophthalmitis did not improve. The micafungin was immediately stopped and replac... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5649401 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:03 +0100 5649401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5649403&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F461465556u380382%2F Abstract   Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) has been described as an opportunistic pathogen causing infection. The case we describe is that of an elderly man who had osteomyelitis of calcaneal bone caused by A. xylosoxidans. As far as we are aware there are only 5 cases of osteomyelitis with A. xylosoxidans in the literature. Impaired defensive mechanism of the foot in direct contact with this waterborne bacterium can cause this disease. Because of the high level of antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, clinically more attention should be paid to patients who have impaired defensive mechanisms in their extremities, for example free flaps. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-012-0373-zAuthors Kadri Ozer, Ankara Rese... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5649403 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:02 +0100 5649403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5649402&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc0r169w601207866%2F We report a 2-year-old girl with thyroid abscess who presented with fever and an anterior painful neck mass. Culture of the aspirated fluid yielded Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which is one of the etiologies of pharyngitis and rash in children and, especially, young adults. As far as we are aware this is the first report of thyroid abscess in the pediatric or adult age group caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0349-4Authors Shirin Sayyahfar, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ali Asghar Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vahid Dastgerdi Street, Shariati Street, Tehran, 1919816766 IranSeyed Javad Nasiri, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ali Asghar Children Hospital,... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5649402 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:32:02 +0100 5649402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620938&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd7246228676971u6%2F Abstract  Traditionally, the diagnosis of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) has been dependent on the isolation of the causative pathogens by culturing endocervical or urethral swab specimens on selective media. While such procedures typically provide excellent diagnostic accuracy, they are often time-consuming and expensive. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, based on a semi-automated detection system, was evaluated for the detection of six STI causative organisms. The Seeplex® STD6 ACE (auto-capillary electrophoresis) Detection assay employed six pairs of dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO™) primers specifically targeted to unique genes of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620938 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:51:44 +0100 5620938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620939&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn5ng37v42r615030%2F In conclusion, our data showed that PAA with TAZ/PIPC with a shorter duration PAA (within 72 h) might be recommended for radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. A prospective study based on our data is desirable to establish or revise guidelines for prophylactic medication for preventing post-operative infection after radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0360-9Authors Katsumi Shigemura, Department of Urology, Shinko Hospital, 1-4-47 Wakihama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0072, JapanKazushi Tanaka, Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanMinor... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620939 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:05:05 +0100 5620939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5598876&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw633366146314457%2F This study suggests that the decrease in lipolysis observed after DRV treatment could explain, at least in part, the lower plasma lipids observed in patients under DRV/r treatment in comparison with other drugs. The lack of effects of RTV co-treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism emphasizes the safety of this treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0361-8Authors Patricia Pérez-Matute, HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras, no 98, 26006 Logroño, SpainLaura Pérez-Martínez, HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras, no 98, 26006 Logroñ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5598876 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 17:18:37 +0100 5598876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583563&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa5115n4860723183%2F Abstract  Voriconazole (VRCZ) reportedly possesses a broad spectrum of antifungal activity against Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp., and the blood concentration of VRCZ is correlated with both the efficacy and the adverse effects of this drug. Monitoring of the blood concentration target level of VRCZ has not yet been widely adopted in the medical field, and no evidence concerning this target level has been reported. Accordingly, we used a meta-analysis to investigate the optimal blood concentration of VRCZ. Using data from 12 reports, we found that the success rate for fungal infection treatment increased significantly at VRCZ levels greater than 1.0 μg/ml when a graded cutoff value within the range of 1.0–3.0 μg/ml was used as the VRCZ trough blood concentra... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583563 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 06:42:05 +0100 5583563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5583564&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh0062t48816525t0%2F Abstract  Among the diverse presentations of neurobrucellosis, solitary intracranial mass lesions are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, we describe here the second case of neurobrucellosis mimicking a cerebral tumor caused by Brucella melitensis. The mass lesion was clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from a brain tumor. The diagnosis was established by isolating Brucella melitensis in a blood culture and a positive Wright’s agglutination test on the cerebrospinal fluid at 1:320 titers. Paraffin sections of the cerebral mass showed nongranulomatous encephalitis. We suggest that patients with an isolated intraparenchymal mass lesion with nongranulomatous encephalitis should also be studied for brucellosis in endemic areas. Content Type Journ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5583564 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 06:42:04 +0100 5583564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5572835&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkp1454304l341854%2F Abstract  We conducted a retrospective analysis of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) to evaluate the factors of progressing to chronic infection and chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIa (CPPS IIIa) from ABP. The clinical records of 480 cases compatible with a confirmed diagnosis of ABP from five urological centers between 2001 and 2010 were reviewed. We defined chronic infection (CI) as a progression to chronic bacterial prostatitis (II), epididymo-orchitis, and showing persistent pyuria and bacteriuria after treatment of ABP in admission periods when followed up at 3 months or more. Results were analyzed according to two categories: category I, developed to CI (group A, n = 49) versus recovered without CI or CPPS IIIa (group C, n = 385); and category I... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5572835 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:57:35 +0100 5572835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5572836&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3203325q844nqjt5%2F Abstract  Biapenem (BIPM) has high bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and similar activity in vitro as meropenem (MEPM). We used a murine model to examine the efficacy of biapenem against ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by P. aeruginosa. Mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection with 100 mg/kg BIPM or MEPM every 12 h beginning 12 h after inoculation with P. aeruginosa. Survival was evaluated for 7 days, and 24 h after infection, lung histopathology was analyzed and the number of viable bacteria in the lungs and blood was counted. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of BIPM and MEPM were analyzed after the initial treatment. BIPM and MEPM significantly prolonged survival compared to control (P < 0.05). The... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5572836 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:57:33 +0100 5572836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5572837&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjt82714v2v788530%2F In this study, immunofluorescent (IF) antibodies against nucleocapsid (N), fusion (F), and hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) proteins were investigated in comparison with NT and EIA antibodies. The antibody against N protein was dominant in serum samples obtained from patients with a previous history of mumps infection. Titers of antibodies against F and HN proteins were very low. Many serum samples were positive for EIA but negative for NT, and no significant correlation was noted between NT and EIA antibodies. Among the three component proteins, correlation of EIA and IF antibodies with N protein was relatively good. After vaccination with mumps vaccine, EIA positivity was closely related to the IF antibodies against N protein, and after vaccination NT-positive sera became positiv... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5572837 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:57:32 +0100 5572837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553094&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj65048kt724x1110%2F Abstract  There are a few recent reports about the relationship between the clinical effect and drug-sensitivity test. We investigated the relationship between the clinical efficacy of treatment for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and drug-sensitivity test for isolated MAC by comparison between data from 2005 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2010. We studied 60 patients who satisfied diagnostic criteria of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection established by the American Thoracic Society in 2007 and who received combination therapy using rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), streptomycin (SM), and clarithromycin (CAM). Average CAM dosage was increased from the early (517 mg/day) to the later (800 mg/day) period. Sputum conversion rate increased from 63% in the ea... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553094 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:53:04 +0100 5553094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553095&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F95247qq408680434%2F We report a patient who improved following intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin (CDDP) and ifosfamide (IFM) to treat urinary retention caused by locally recurring HRPC. After chemotherapy, cancer volume was remarkably reduced and symptoms improved. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0352-9Authors Keiichiro Uemura, Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimach 67, Kurume, Fukuoka, JapanKiyoaki Nishihara, Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimach 67, Kurume, Fukuoka, JapanTokumasa Hayashi, Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimach 67, Kurume, Fukuoka, JapanKatsuro Tomiyasu, Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimach 67, Kurume, F... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553095 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 16:51:16 +0100 5553095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553096&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg882715h0m257427%2F Abstract  Forty-four previously characterized strains of Haemophilus influenzae were used to evaluate the specificity of previously published SNP PCR primers for the detection of the N526K substitution in PBP3 of BLNAR isolates using real-time PCR. Hasegawa et al. primers that amplify strains without a substitution at 526 and fail to amplify strains with N526K were 100% sensitive and specific for detecting N526K. However, primer sets of Hasegawa et al. and Nakamura et al. designed to amplify strains with N526K, but not strains without a substitution, were unable to do this reliably because the primers were specific for N526K encoded by AAG and failed to amplify strains with N526K encoded by AAA. A review of N526K strains deposited on GenBank revealed an even distribution of ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553096 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 16:51:15 +0100 5553096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5545249&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu34w6q2054000528%2F In conclusion, oseltamivir was effective for fever and other clinical symptoms; however, the virus persisted longer than expected after treatment in H1N1pdm influenza-infected children in the 2009–2010 season, similar to seasonal H1N1 with H275Y mutation in the 2008–2009 season. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0314-2Authors Naoki Kawai, Japan Physicians Association, Tokyo Medical Association Building 3F, 2-5 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062 JapanHideyuki Ikematsu, Japan Physicians Association, Tokyo Medical Association Building 3F, 2-5 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062 JapanNorio Iwaki, Japan Physicians Association, Tokyo Medical Association Building 3F, 2-5 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5545249 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 12:50:52 +0100 5545249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516091&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdq7734v088232lh1%2F This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of detecting adenovirus by rapid diagnostic kits among Japanese people. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio of immunochromatography methods and latex agglutination tests; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests had already been evaluated in another meta-analysis, and no other diagnostic kits have been appropriately studied. Immunochromatography methods were shown to have sufficiently high diagnostic power, regardless of whether conjunctiva or throat swabs, or stool specimens were sampled, based upon the area under the curve (0.961–0.991); this was significantly higher than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests when sampling conjunctiva... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516091 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:54:31 +0100 5516091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516092&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F45186g3386487370%2F We report a case of brucellar testicular abscess treated with medical therapy only. Although the patient recovered clinically at the end of 6 weeks, the regression of the testicular lesion could not be observed until after 5 months. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0354-7Authors Mucahit Yemisen, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Balikligol State Hospital, 34303 Sanliurfa, TurkeyEkrem Karakas, Department of Radiology, Sanliurfa State Hospital, Sanliurfa, TurkeyIsmail Ozdemir, Department of Urology, Sanliurfa State Hospital, Sanliurfa, TurkeyOmer Karakas, Department of Radiology, Sanliurfa State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516092 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:41:15 +0100 5516092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506208&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm15371g273417733%2F In this study, we describe a long-term familial infection cluster caused by novel PVL-positive CA-MRSA, which most probably originated from India. This MRSA persisted in related families for more than 2 years with colonization of, for example, the nares and cheek. At least 6 of 12 members (50%) developed deep cutaneous abscesses, including recurrent and multifocal abscesses, every 1.2 months on average. All MRSA isolates from colonization and abscesses were the same, albeit with a variant in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The MRSA exhibited the genotype ST22/spa113(t005)/SCCmecIVa/coagulase gene (coa) novel type and strong hemolysis activity. Moreover, the MRSA exhibited high biofilm formation (which was markedly enhanced by sub-MICs of oxacillin). Some patients ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506208 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 06:33:02 +0100 5506208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5488013&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe1566j53v278n05n%2F We describe a girl with ICA who developed recurrent meningitis by three different pathogens. The first, meningitis by Escherichia coli, occurred 4 days after premature birth. The other two pathogens were serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), at 18 and 25 months of age, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with prompt antimicrobial therapy in all episodes. Serum anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) and anti-6B-type pneumococcal antibodies were below the levels for protective activity after natural infections. Although anti-PRP antibody was significantly increased after Hib vaccination, two (6B and 19F) of seven serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies were not elevated to protective levels after the second 7-valent pn... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5488013 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 17:03:18 +0100 5488013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477490&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F98r21527618r6168%2F Abstract  In April 2007, seven students belonging to the same class at Teikyo University developed measles. To prevent the spread of infection, 27 of 106 students in the same class who had low anti-measles antibody titers as measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were vaccinated. After the outbreak had subsided, the HI values were investigated in 103 students, and they answered questionnaires about their health condition during the period of the outbreak and their previous clinical histories of measles, including vaccination records. There was no new case of measles after introduction of the vaccination program. However, the HI titers of 42% of the students who were not vaccinated in this program were significantly elevated. Fever and catarrhal signs occurred in... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477490 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 06:46:07 +0100 5477490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477491&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy795k4496x715697%2F We present a case report of fungemia due to R. mucilaginosa in an immunocompetent, critically ill patient, with good evolution with catheter removal and fluconazole therapy. We briefly review the spectrum of infections due to R. mucilaginosa and the management of bloodstream infections due to this yeast. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0347-6Authors Jesús Monterrubio Villar, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva, Carretera Don Benito-Villanueva Km3 s/n., 06400, Don Benito, Badajoz, SpainCarmen González Velasco, Microbiology Service, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva, Badajoz, SpainJuan Diego Jiménez Delgado, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva, Carretera Don Benito-Villanueva Km3 s/n., 06400, Don Benito, ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477491 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:42:45 +0100 5477491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477492&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp3v9g2m1v2256r25%2F This study demonstrates a new SCCmecIV encoding a novel CWASP, which could contribute to community spread as a potential colonization factor. Because ST8 CA-MRSA with SCCmecIVl causes skin and soft tissue infections and occasionally invasive infections, surveillance is needed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0348-5Authors Yasuhisa Iwao, Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, JapanTomomi Takano, Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, JapanWataru Higuchi, Division of Bacte... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477492 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:42:44 +0100 5477492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450115&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7777225750180173%2F Abstract  It is not clear whether antipseudomonal agents can kill cell-associated bacteria within a short time. Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and A549 cells were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and PAO1 and the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin against the organisms was investigated. In both MDCK and A549 cells, β-lactams could not kill epithelial cell-associated bacteria within 2 h. Gentamicin at concentrations ≤32 μg/ml killed more than 99% of epithelial cell-associated bacteria. Ciprofloxacin at 0.5 μg/ml killed more than 99.9% of MDCK cell-associated bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has the strongest and most rapid bactericidal activity against epithelial cell-associated bacteria, whic... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450115 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:52:22 +0100 5450115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450116&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn65063m72u0278t1%2F In conclusion, patients with HCAP have different epidemiological characteristics compared with those with CAP in a metropolitan area of Japan. Outcomes and risk factors for mortality of patients with HCAP included poor nutritional status and high severity scores on the pneumonia severity scoring system. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0344-9Authors Midori Sugisaki, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital, 2-34-10 Ebisu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0013 JapanTatsuji Enomoto, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital, 2-34-10 Ebisu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0013 JapanYasuhiro Shibuya, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital, Tok... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450116 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:52:21 +0100 5450116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450117&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1l39023353n12234%2F In conclusion, garenoxacin is expected to be a useful quinolone in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by C. trachomatis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0345-8Authors Naoko Futakuchi, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 JapanMasatoshi Nakatani, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 JapanMasahiro Takahata, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 JapanJunichi Mitsuyama, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemoth... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450117 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 06:50:27 +0100 5450117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5409737&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg47166607u402628%2F In conclusion, EHEC O111 can cause severe illness in children and adults, and the prognosis becomes poorer as the severity of complications increases. Close monitoring including platelet counts and LDH are useful. Once these clinical parameters change, intensive treatment should be provided to prevent the development of severe complications. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0336-9Authors Sadaya Matano, Infection Control Unit, Tonami General Hospital, Tonami, Toyama 939-1395, JapanKatsuhisa Inamura, Department of Gastroenterology, Tonami General Hospital, Tonami, Toyama 939-1395, JapanMichio Konishi, Department of Pediatrics, Tonami General Hospital, Tonami, Toyama 939-1395, JapanToshiya Okumura, Department of Nephrology, Tonami Gener... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5409737 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 06:35:14 +0100 5409737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5409738&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7782p3n2641480vx%2F We report a case of iliopsoas abscess caused by Aspergillus fumigatus with pulmonary complications. A 60-year-old man was admitted to the Showa University Hospital Department of Gastroenterology with fulminant hepatitis B on April 14, 2010, and treated with steroids. Although fulminant hepatitis B was improved by steroid and symptomatic therapy, he developed a fever on hospital day 39. The chest X-ray film showed a nodular lesion in the right middle-lower lung field, and both the (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan and Candida mannan antigen tests were positive. The β-d-glucan level increased despite treatment with fluconazole and other drugs, including low-dose micafungin. Abdominal computed tomography showed a low-density area in the right iliopsoas muscle. He was then referred to the D... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5409738 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 06:35:13 +0100 5409738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5409740&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg17w325105g86q70%2F We report an extremely rare case of urosepsis caused by Globicatella sanguinis and Corynebacterium riegelii coinfection in a 94-year-old Japanese man with nephrolithiasis. Prompt identification of this coinfection is important so that effective antimicrobial coverage can be initiated. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0335-xAuthors Masatoshi Matusnami, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-8602, JapanYoshihito Otsuka, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, JapanKiyofumi Ohkusu, Department of Microbiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, JapanMisa Sogi, Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectio... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5409740 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 12:48:32 +0100 5409740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5409739&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq6130q131g2p4r8q%2F Abstract  Translocation of endogenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the colonized intestinal tract is an important pathogenic phenomenon. Comparative genome hybridization analysis of high virulent and low virulent strains allowed us to identify bacterial genes that are associated with bacterial translocation from gut in infected hosts. Here we focused on the pvdE pyoverdine synthesis gene among the identified bacterial genes, showing that the pvdE gene is required for bacterial penetration through epithelial cell monolayers and for bacterial translocation from gut to hemolymph in infected silkworms. We next revealed that mRNA expression level of the exoS gene in a pvdE-deficient mutant (ΔpvdE) after incubation with Caco-2 cells was greatly reduced as compared with that in the w... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5409739 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 12:48:32 +0100 5409739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5409741&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp822g25l765740xn%2F Abstract  A 59-year-old Japanese diabetic woman was admitted to a small private hospital with general malaise, fever, and a 1-month history of low back pain. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed left abdominal necrotizing fasciitis with suspected left psoas muscle abscess. She was transferred to Gunma University Hospital, received antibiotic therapy, and underwent debridement of the infected subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and necrotic left psoas muscle. She was transferred to the intensive care unit to receive mechanical ventilation and inotropic support. Blood culture showed growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, from which hypermucoviscosity was detected by the string test. She was extubated on day 5 of hospitalization and transferred to a general ward on day 14. Fre... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5409741 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 06:50:25 +0100 5409741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5409742&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn453755071q5h533%2F Abstract  Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep in vancomycin has prompted guidelines that recommend a target trough concentration (C min) of 15–20 mg/L, and it is also considered necessary to set a C min of >15 mg/L for teicoplanin (TEIC), especially in patients with complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate TEIC regimen for reaching the revised target C min (15–30 mg/L) in patients with normal renal function and those with renal dysfunction. We analyzed patients with MRSA infections who were treated with TEIC between July 2006 and December 2009. Two-day loading regimen was studied in patients with non-renal-dysfunction (group 1). The 1-day loading regime... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5409742 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 06:50:24 +0100 5409742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389017&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65472185g37tl018%2F In this study, we analyzed 19 valve samples from patients with confirmed IE, as identified by Duke’s criteria. Using broad-range PCR amplification, followed by direct gene sequencing, pathological agents were identified in all samples. Although blood cultures yielded negative results in 4 cases, PCR analysis of valve samples showed positive identification of causative organisms. In 3 cases, there was a difference between blood culture and PCR in identification of pathological agents, which are likely to be misidentified by the conventional method based on the phenotypic database. Postoperative antibiotics were chosen considering the severity of lesions and the results of PCR, Gram staining, and valve cultures. All patients were cured without relapse. The broad-range PCR method was ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389017 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:51:23 +0100 5389017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389020&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5r42m2nu71gk1277%2F In conclusion, pneumococcal CAP requiring hospitalization in the ICU is associated with high mortality. All isolated stains were susceptible to penicillin. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0337-8Authors Khairallah Belkhouja, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, TunisiaKaïs Ben Romdhane, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, TunisiaAsma Ghariani, Department of Microbiology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, TunisiaAfef Hammami, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, TunisiaEmna M’hiri, Department of Microbiology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, TunisiaLeila Slim-Saidi, Department of Microbiology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospi... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389020 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:51:22 +0100 5389020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389019&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd3n177u5p1007873%2F Abstract   Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is a fungal pathogen that is a serious health threat to immunocompromised individuals. Upon environmental exposure, infectious fungal propagules are inhaled into the host’s lungs. The anticryptococcal actions of alveolar macrophages (AM), the predominant host phagocyte of the innate immune system in the lungs, are fundamental in determining whether containment and clearance of the pathogen occurs by the development of an adapted immune response or whether infection is established and progresses to disease. However, the fungus is also capable of surviving the antimicrobial actions of AM and exploits these host phagocytes to establish infection and exacerbate disease. In addition, there is evidence suggesting that cryptococcosis may o... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389019 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:51:22 +0100 5389019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389018&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmh60547712q4vvj7%2F We describe a paradoxical response involving the central nervous system in a patient with steroid-refractory tuberculous meningitis that was unresponsive to systemic corticosteroids but was improved with adalimumab. The immunomodulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors may have a role in replacing or enhancing the activity of steroids in the management of steroid-refractory tuberculous meningitis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0334-yAuthors Ho-Su Lee, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poonganp dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 Republic of KoreaYumi Lee, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389018 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:51:22 +0100 5389018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389021&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F364l528762v30640%2F Abstract  Clinical results for linezolid (LZD) treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly microbiologically evaluable or severe cases, are limited in Japan. A prospective observational study was conducted in order to assess the usefulness of LZD in Japanese patients with MRSA pneumonia. The study tracked fifteen participants treated with LZD for pneumonia who met the criteria of the HAP guidelines and were confirmed to have pneumonia caused by MRSA. Of these, six were severe and 13 had received antibiotic treatment before treatment with LZD. Of the 13 participants assessed for their clinical responses, seven were rated as cures, three were rated as failures, and three were indeterminate. The overa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389021 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 17:01:39 +0100 5389021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389022&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2wg0667123q68717%2F Abstract  The effects of sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin (CDDP), for inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis were investigated in bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. Bladder cancer cell lines T24, 253J, and UMUC3 were treated with different concentrations of CDDP or SB. Cell proliferation was studied by XTT assay. Cell-cycle analysis and induction of apoptosis were analyzed by laser scanning cytometry (LSC). Western blot analysis was used to determine expression of p21, p27, TRADD, FADD, caspase-2, and caspase-7. We observed that SB in combination with CDDP induced significant inhibition of cell growth in a dose-dependent manner through G1 arrest and apoptosis, as determined by LSC. When bladder cancer cell li... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389022 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 17:01:38 +0100 5389022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5362799&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft2k3785w527r4t50%2F This study was conducted between January 2008 and August 2011 as part of a birth cohort study in Sado Island, Japan, to elucidate the prevalence of Hib and its clones in a specific region. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 349 subjects at 4-, 7-, 10-, 18-, and 36-month health checkups and analyzed for H. influenzae. The Hib and nontypeable H. influenzae detection rates ranged from 0 to 1.5% (12 isolates) and from 7.9 to 32.9%, respectively. Twelve pediatric patients diagnosed with invasive or non-invasive Hib infections during the study period were also enrolled. The Hib isolates were analyzed for carriage of the beta-lactamase gene and ftsI mutations, and multilocus sequence type (MLST, ST type). Of the 24 Hib isolates, 18 (75%) were ST54, 5 (21%) were ST190, and 1 isolate ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5362799 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:11:16 +0100 5362799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5362798&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj511237g57753711%2F Abstract  An outbreak of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) bacteremia occurred in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in July 2005. Many strains of B. cereus were cultured from patient specimens, as well as from environmental samples such as the surfaces of instruments and air in the NICU. Some of these strains were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and several were confirmed to be identical. We speculated that the bacterial load in the environment had initially increased and then possibly spread throughout the NICU facility via the airflow of the ventilation system. For this reason, besides maintaining standard precautions, we performed a vigorous clean of the NICU, and covered the vents to prevent dust falling from them. These protective measures ended the outbre... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5362798 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:11:16 +0100 5362798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5362800&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2l8267732hn557k0%2F We present a case of a 57-year-old woman admitted with findings of meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests revealed a pleocytosis together with a low CSF glucose concentration. Empirically, antituberculosis treatment was started. Rose Bengal and Wright tests were performed to exclude brucellosis with central nervous system involvement. These tests were positive in serum but not in CSF. Antibrucellosis treatment with doxycycline and ceftriaxone was started without withdrawing the antituberculosis treatment because of the possibility of simultaneous infection with both tuberculosis and brucellosis agents. Finally, this approach was shown to be correct when tuberculosis was isolated from the culture of CSF. Clinicians in endemic regions for brucellosis should be careful while diagno... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5362800 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 06:06:55 +0100 5362800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5362801&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr3300142r8718887%2F We report here a retrospective prevalence study of VISA and hVISA on 750 MRSA clinical strains isolated from 31 Japanese national university hospitals in 1990, the year before the introduction of injectable vancomycin into clinical use in Japan in 1991. No VISA strain was identified, but population analysis identified 38 hVISA strains (5.1%) from 19 hospitals. We also determined the nucleotide sequences of vraSR, walRK, clpP, and rpoB genes whose mutations are known to be associated with vancomycin resistance. When compared with vancomycin-susceptible MRSA strain N315, six of the 38 hVISA strains possessed nonsynonymous mutations in vraSR, seven in walRK, and two in rpoB genes, Thirteen of 38 (34.2%) hVISA strains possessed at least one of these mutations. Results were consistent with... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5362801 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 06:06:54 +0100 5362801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5349162&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1j14776463w25276%2F In conclusion, AZM-SR 2 g single dose, MFLX 400 mg/day for 14 days, and STFX 200 mg/day for 14 days would each be an effective treatment for M. genitalium infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0329-8Authors Michinori Terada, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi, 480-1195 JapanKoji Izumi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Izumi Ladies Clinic, Gifu, JapanEmiko Ohki, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi, 480-1195 JapanYuka Yamagishi, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Ya... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5349162 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 16:01:27 +0100 5349162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5349161&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F97231335147226q2%2F Abstract  Right hilar lymphadenopathy was the only radiologic finding in an immunocompetent 19-year-old man with a positive whole blood interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (QuantiFERON-TB-2G). Because his initial treating physician did not notice the lung lesion on chest radiography, isoniazid (INH) monotherapy was begun with subsequent progression of the lymphadenopathy. We must take into consideration even hilar lymphadenopathy in patients with tuberculosis (TB) disease without detectable Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis organisms, because INH monotherapy may result in progression of the TB lesion. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0328-9Authors Shuichi Yano, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Hospital Or... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5349161 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 16:01:27 +0100 5349161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5349163&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7624365208252wg7%2F In this study, we investigated the potential of the mip gene sequence to differentiate isolates of different species of Legionella and different serogroups of Legionella pneumophila. We used 35 clinical L. pneumophila isolates and one clinical isolate each of Legionella micdadei, Legionella longbeachae, and Legionella dumoffii (collected from hospitals all over Japan between 1980 and 2007). We used 19 environmental Legionella anisa isolates (collected in the Okinawa, Nara, Osaka, and Hyogo prefectures between 1987 and 2007) and two Legionella type strains. We extracted bacterial genomic DNA and amplified out the mip gene by PCR. PCR products were purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and the mip gene was then sequenced. The L. pneumophila isolates could be divided into two groups: one gr... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5349163 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 15:53:45 +0100 5349163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5337396&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy208074288303867%2F Abstract  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been the most common cause of nosocomial infections in Japan, but their genetic characteristics related to bloodstream infections have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate a comprehensive molecular characterization of MRSA blood isolates during the historical 18-year study period between 1987 and 2004 in a tertiary care university hospital. A total of 137 MRSA isolates recovered from the blood of inpatients at Fukuoka University Hospital were analyzed. Clinical information and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were reviewed, and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec), accessory gene regulator (agr), and a battery of bacterial genes were tested by PCR-based ass... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5337396 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:58:46 +0100 5337396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5337397&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7x2r582j33821n74%2F Abstract  Therapeutic options for postoperative infection in gastrointestinal surgery are limited. To identify new treatment alternatives, the Japan Society for Surgical Infection conducted a multicenter prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of intravenous ciprofloxacin (CIP IV) and intravenous meropenem (MEM IV). Between July 2005 and May 2008, the trial recruited patients who developed postoperative infection or had suspected infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome after elective clean-contaminated gastrointestinal surgery. All patients had received prophylactic postoperative antibiotic treatment. Patients received either intravenous CIP IV 300 mg b.i.d. or MEM IV 500 mg b.i.d. A total of 205 patients from 31 instit... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5337397 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:58:45 +0100 5337397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5337398&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fek285763907uq672%2F In this study, we performed ROC analysis involving 136 pediatric patients with acute airway symptoms (0–14 years of age), considering a 32-fold or higher micro-immunofluorescence IgM antibody titer against C. pn as positive. Setting the cut-off value for ELISA C. pn IgM antibody ID at 2.0, the specificity was 100%, with no false positivity. The maximum (sensitivity + specificity)/2 was obtained when the cut-off value was set at 1.5. Therefore, IgM ID ≥2.0 was regarded as definitely positive and an IgM ID between 1.5 and 2.0 was regarded as indeterminate as diagnostic criteria for the primary infection. When the prevalence was investigated in 3,108 children (0–15 years of age) with airway symptoms based on these criteria, 542 cases (17.4%) were positive, and th... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5337398 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:58:44 +0100 5337398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5337399&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdw76mu401k3x8552%2F Abstract  Neutrophils play a pivotal role in immunity against infection by ingesting and killing invading microbes. Neutrophils isolated from human peripheral blood have been used for a number of studies conducted for evaluation of immunomodulating drugs, cytokines, and microbe products. Human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60, have been extensively studied because they can differentiate into neutrophil-like cells by addition of all-trans retinoic acid or dimethyl sulfoxide. For a system that would always allow experimental use of granulocytic cells in a uniformly activated state, we have established HL-60 cell lines with increased migratory activity by transducing the CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) gene. When these cell lines were primed with CXC chemokine ligand 8 (IL-... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5337399 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:58:42 +0100 5337399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324731&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk44273k267870425%2F Abstract  We encountered a case of neonatal meningitis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. The patient was an 8-day-old boy. Gram staining of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed gram-positive cocci in pairs or in short chains. In culture, γ-streptococcus-like colonies grew. The result of 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. From these results, bacterial meningitis was diagnosed and, as a result of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, single-dose ampicillin therapy was given. Because inflammatory deterioration and spread was suspected from the CSF test results, this therapy was added by panipenem/betamipron. In response to his recovery, antibiotic treatment was stopped and the boy was discharged. This bacterium w... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324731 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 10:39:18 +0100 5324731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324730&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl7844216487n7076%2F This study, even though open and noncomparative, showed that a short-interval regimen containing 0.5/2 g TAZ–PIPC provides adequate antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0317-zAuthors Kazushi Tanaka, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuoku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanSoichi Arakawa, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuoku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanTetsuya Miura, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuoku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanKatsumi Sh... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324730 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 10:39:18 +0100 5324730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324732&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg17823t6352n4852%2F In this report, we described a disseminated Nocardia farcinica infection that occurred in a patient with myasthenia gravis who suffered from multiple drug allergies and was successfully treated using linezolid. We undertook a review of the literature of previously reported cases of nocardiosis treated with linezolid. To date, only 15 cases of nocardiosis treated with linezolid have been published. All cases exhibited long-term tolerance of linezolid, and 14 of 15 cases showed either an improvement in or complete clearance of the infection. According to the literature review, linezolid is an attractive alternative to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of disseminated nocardiosis, despite limited clinical evidence to support this claim. Content Type Journal ArticleC... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324732 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 15:49:08 +0100 5324732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316467&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg664364514k67421%2F We report the case of a 63-year-old man who presented at our hospital after experiencing fever and dyspnea for more than 1 month. Because his general condition was deteriorating, he was referred to our intensive care unit. He needed critical care and was treated with vasopressors, artificial ventilation, and continuous hemodialysis. Considering his systemic condition, hematological malignancy was suspected. Bone marrow and skin biopsies were performed, and the condition was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. On the 15th day, suspecting infectious lung disease, we performed bronchoscopy, which showed Rhizopus infection. Thus, the patient was administered high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg/kg) therapy. On the 54th day, he died of a massive pulmonary hemorrhage.... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316467 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 15:49:48 +0100 5316467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316468&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F071785j353u5x576%2F This study investigated prevalence rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia among 1612 persons aged 20–59 years among the general population who visited health examination centers in Korea, and examined the sexual behavior of young and middle-aged adults using a questionnaire survey. In total, 807 males and 805 females participated in this study, and among the 1612 subjects, 6, 7, and 90 were gave positive results in syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia infection tests, respectively, indicating prevalence rates of 0.37, 0.43, and 5.58%. In the questionnaire survey, 85.8% of the respondents answered that they had not taken any test for a sexually transmitted infection, and chlamydia-positive respondents were observed to have had a significantly higher number of sexual partners... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316468 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 15:49:47 +0100 5316468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297802&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84hh571644074718%2F Abstract  A 78-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital for fever, dry cough, and right pleural effusion. She was diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) at 73 years of age and was treated with carcinostatics, but MCL was refractory. Chest computed tomography (CT) on admission revealed a localized trabecular shadow in the middle lobe of the right lung and right pleural effusion with thickened visceral pleura. Right pleural effusion was exudative, lymphocytes were dominant, and adenosine deaminase isoenzymes were elevated. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT revealed positive findings in the right thickened visceral pleura and right middle lobe. We suspected tuberculosis, but bronchoscopy revealed that the washing fluid was negative for Z... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297802 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:51:09 +0100 5297802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297803&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy21r650635g77034%2F We describe the first case of N. elegans infection associated with purulent arthritis in humans. The patient was a 66-year-old woman without underlying disease. She had swelling in her left ankle that was increasing in size, but it did not cause the patient substantial pain. Punctual discharge was collected for Gram staining and Kinyoun’s acid-fast staining. The results of microscopic findings were suggestive of the genus Nocardia. The 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate was completely identical (100%) with that of N. elegans, indicating that the isolate was N. elegans. All the previously reported 4 cases of N. elegans infection in humans were associated with respiratory infections; we present the first case of the infection involving purulent arthritis. Content Type Journal Articl... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297803 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:51:08 +0100 5297803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297804&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff93733667u3vhx00%2F Abstract   Bordetella pertussis is the etiological agent of whooping cough, a common cause of respiratory illness in both children and adults. In the present study, we investigated the bactericidal activity of four antiseptics—povidone–iodine (PVP-I), benzethonium chloride (BEC), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC)—against B. pertussis ATCC9797 and clinical isolates. Among the topical antiseptics, PVP-I, BEC, and BAC, PVP-I and BAC in particular, showed high bactericidal activity, whereas CHG had low activity. PVP-I gargle also showed high bactericidal activity, similar to topical PVP-I. However, BEC gargle had low bactericidal activity. Our results indicate that topical PVP-I and BAC, and PVP-I gargle would be useful as effective antiseptics... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297804 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:51:07 +0100 5297804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297805&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn3024p0084204lj2%2F Abstract  Impaired renal function caused by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is considered reversible by discontinuing TDF administration, but there are occasional cases of incomplete recovery. We investigated the recovery of renal function after the discontinuation of TDF. Subjects comprised patients who had been started on TDF but in whom it was later discontinued because of impaired renal function. We investigated renal function until 96 weeks after the discontinuation of TDF, and the duration of TDF administration, up to May 2010. TDF was discontinued because of impaired renal function in 21 of 766 patients (2.7%). Following discontinuation, a significant recovery was seen in eGFR (p = 0.003). The median duration of administration was 28 days (6–... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297805 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:51:06 +0100 5297805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5274982&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa04857x426441377%2F The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antimicrobial consumption in hospitalized patients over a 14-year period. The study was retrospectively conducted between January 1995 and December 2008 at Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, a 1,020-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital. The incidence of MRSA isolates was examined using clinical specimens presented to the microbiology laboratory in the hospital. Antimicrobial consumption through intravenous injection was calculated in terms of the number of defined daily doses per 100 bed-days. The correlation between the incidence of MRSA isolates and antimicrobial consumption was determined employing a multiple stepwise regression a... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5274982 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:51:44 +0100 5274982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227393&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn410280727000552%2F Abstract  Despite recent advances in chemotherapy, the treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease remains unsatisfactory. Judging from its MIC, fluoroquinolones including gatifloxacin (GFLX) are expected to demonstrate efficacy against MAC disease. However, there have been few clinical studies using fluoroquinolones. Therefore, a prospective study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a fluoroquinolone-containing regimen for the treatment of pulmonary MAC disease was conducted. In this trial, patients with pulmonary MAC disease received protocol-guided combined chemotherapy with rifampin (RFP) and ethambutol (EB) plus either GFLX or clarithromycin (CAM). Adult patients who fulfilled the criteria of the ATS definition of pulmonary MAC disease w... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227393 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 16:43:38 +0100 5227393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227394&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8511781j6j676wq%2F Abstract  A 49-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected Asian woman developed Fanconi syndrome-like tubular acidosis while taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine plus lopinavir/ritonavir for 9 months. All of her symptoms and abnormalities in laboratory tests resolved completely after switching TDF/emtricitabine to zidovudine and lamivudine. We consider that TDF caused symptomatic tubular acidosis in the present case, one of the few that has been reported in Japan to date. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0305-3Authors Yoshihiko Kiyasu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba University Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, JapanHiroshi Koganemaru, Department of Infectious Dis... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227394 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 16:08:53 +0100 5227394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227395&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F43v23470r4h36396%2F We present a rare case of 2-year-old boy with acute motor and sensory polyneuropathy and left-sided facial nerve paralysis after rotavirus infection. He received immunoglobulin i.v. with subsequent satisfactory recovery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0300-8Authors Noriki Kamihiro, Department of Pediatrics, Yamada Red Cross Hospital, 810 Takabuku, Misono-cho, Ise, Mie 516-0805, JapanMasamune Higashigawa, Department of Pediatrics, Yamada Red Cross Hospital, 810 Takabuku, Misono-cho, Ise, Mie 516-0805, JapanTomohiro Yamamoto, Department of Pediatrics, Yamada Red Cross Hospital, 810 Takabuku, Misono-cho, Ise, Mie 516-0805, JapanAyako Yoshino, Department of Pediatrics, Yamada Red Cross Hospital, 810 Takabuku, Misono-cho, Ise, Mie 516-08... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227395 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 15:45:07 +0100 5227395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227396&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk3576512040kx6u7%2F We present a rare case of Staphylococcus pericarditis caused by an infected trichilemmal cyst present on patient’s scalp. Our case emphasizes that all cases of bacterial pericarditis should be thoroughly investigated for a source of infection. Constrictive changes can be seen in the pericardium postinfection, as in our patient, and should be treated aggressively. To our knowledge, a case of an infected cyst causing bacterial pericarditis has never been reported previously in the literature. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0304-4Authors Ankur Lodha, Division of Cardiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USAEvbu Enakpene, Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USAMehandi Ha... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227396 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 15:45:06 +0100 5227396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5227397&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg5155664883l5622%2F We report a case of ceftriaxone-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis that presented with the appearance of sepsis. After discontinuation of ceftriaxone, the findings were improved. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0297-zAuthors Abdurrahman Kaya, Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeySibel Yıldız, Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkeyİlker İnanc Balkan, Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyHayyam Eyvazov, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyIsıl Bavunoglu, Department ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5227397 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 15:52:58 +0100 5227397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5210265&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flp326704158t1p37%2F Abstract  Surgical-site infection (SSI) is a major contributor to patient mortality rates and health care costs. Due to the high risk of bacterial contamination, colorectal surgery is associated with a particularly high risk of postoperative infection. The surveillance reported here was conducted at Aichi Medical University Hospital on 304 patients who underwent elective colorectal resection—total or partial—from June 2006 to May 2009. To determine risk factors for SSI, multivariate analysis was used. Forty-six (15.1%) patients were diagnosed with SSI. Patients who received cefotiam for prophylaxis showed the highest incidence of SSI (26.6%), and patients who were administered flomoxef showed the lowest incidence (8.1%). Patients who developed SSI were more likely to in... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5210265 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:45:15 +0100 5210265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5210266&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl375277x7118t50p%2F Abstract  We have previously reported that concomitant oral administration of the Kampo medicine, byakkokaninjinto (TJ-34), in extract granules, reduced the plasma concentrations of tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin in humans, which might be the result of forming a chelate with Ca2+. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), on the plasma concentration–time profiles of TC after coadministration of TJ-34 dried extract and TC in rats to clarify whether metal ions contained in the TJ-34 dried extract contribute to this interaction. TJ-34 dried extract significantly reduced the plasma concentration of TC. The values of maximum concentration (C max), area under the plasma concentration–time curve and perc... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5210266 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:56:46 +0100 5210266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5210267&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3x031pr555257727%2F Abstract  A 7-year-old girl presented with subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum (PM), pneumoretroperitoneum, and pneumothorax caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). The patient had been treated with clarithromycin for pneumonia at another hospital; however, her condition deteriorated and complications developed. Soon after admission to our hospital, we started the patient on minocycline and prednisolone, and the complications improved promptly. Laboratory data showed serum ferritin and urinary beta-2-microglobulin levels were greatly elevated. We therefore speculated that the patient might have underlying hypercytokinemia. Prednisolone is an effective treatment for hypercytokinemia. We therefore recommend prednisolone treatment for cases of severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5210267 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:56:42 +0100 5210267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5210269&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu8602pr5w3384517%2F Abstract  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly contagious. It is spread by direct contact with MRSA-infected people or objects. Healthcare workers’ hands are the most common vehicle for the transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens from patient to patient and within the healthcare environment. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the incidence of MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus recovered from clinical culture and the use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions or gloves and antimicrobial use density (AUD). All data were examined every 6 months between January 2005 and June 2008. The increasing use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions was correlated with a decreasing incidence of recovery of MRSA from clinical cultures... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5210269 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 16:14:42 +0100 5210269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5210268&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F47464744r04n7m30%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Committee ReportPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0277-3Authors Keizo Yamaguchi, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, JapanYoichi Hirakata, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Management and Analysis of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JapanIntetsu Kobayashi, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, JapanMasanari Ikedo, Biochemical Research Laboratory, Research and Department Headquaters, Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd, Tochigi, JapanAkira Ohno, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Jap... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5210268 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 16:14:42 +0100 5210268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5210270&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F32842672q6k33177%2F In this report, we describe a case of SSI caused by Neisseria subflava a month after ventriculostomy placement for acute hydrocephalus. A 53-year old man was referred to our hospital, and was diagnosed with a thalamic hemorrhage with ventricular rupture. Bilateral ventriculostomies were performed on the day of presentation. After intensive care for the acute stage, an SSI at the left ventriculostomy site was recognized on the 39th hospital day. The installed reservoir and ventricular tube was removed on the 40th hospital day. The CSF cell count was 2064/3, and N. subflava was recovered from the CSF culture. N. subflava is a common inhabitant found in the human upper respiratory tract, and is reported to be a rare cause of meningitis. There is one case report of meningitis caused by N. ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5210270 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 16:14:41 +0100 5210270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185039&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F510pm16565586u62%2F Abstract  Laninamivir octanoate (Inavir®; Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) is an anti-influenza drug that provides complete treatment by a single inhalation. It works as a long-acting neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor by means of high and continuous exposure of laninamivir, its active metabolite, in the lungs of mice after intranasal administration. Even after 6 days after intranasal administration of 236 μg/kg laninamivir octanoate, the concentration of laninamivir in the lungs was maintained more than 2–3 orders higher than 50% inhibitory concentrations of laninamivir to N1 NAs, about 2 orders higher than N2 NA of seasonal influenza A viruses, and more than about 50 times higher than influenza B virus NA. From A/H1N1 influenza virus-infected and laninamivir octanoate... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185039 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:56:06 +0100 5185039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185040&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4738458614157277%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0293-3Authors Tsukasa Ohnishi, Respiratory and Allergy Division, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-0064 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185040 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:56:03 +0100 5185040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185041&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F76l463k51863x456%2F We describe the case of a man with fever, maculopapular rash, a black spot, and hemisensory loss including the face on the left side of the body with brain lesions in the imaging studies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0295-1Authors Vitor Duque, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, EPE, Avenida Bissaya Barreto e Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, PortugalConceição Ventura, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, EPE, Avenida Bissaya Barreto e Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, PortugalDiana Seixas, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, EPE, Avenida Bissaya Barreto e Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Port... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185041 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:56:32 +0100 5185041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185042&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn30985k26254h438%2F We report two cases of primary tuberculosis of breast with different manifestations. One case presented as tuberculous mastitis and the other presented with a lump masquerading as breast carcinoma. The diagnosis in both cases was based on demonstration of acid-fast bacilli on histopathological examination. Resolution was complete with antitubercular therapy, and major surgical intervention was not necessary. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0296-0Authors Uday Yanamandra, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra, IndiaNishant Pathak, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra, IndiaNardeep Naithani, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185042 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:56:31 +0100 5185042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5170988&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F80r604673r415631%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0290-6Authors Murat Telli, Medical Microbiology Department, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09010 TurkeyMete Eyigör, Medical Microbiology Department, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09010 TurkeyBerna Gültekin, Medical Microbiology Department, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09010 TurkeyNeriman Aydın, Medical Microbiology Department, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09010 Turkey Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5170988 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 16:17:06 +0100 5170988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163621&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm6w06v4815423742%2F Abstract  Lactoferrin, a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial activity, is a component of the innate immune system. It may possibly prevent clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from developing biofilm, but this hypothesis is yet to be widely accepted. We evaluated the in vitro effects of lactoferrin on biofilm formation by various clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa using a modified method of the microtiter plate biofilm assay. Lactoferrin significantly inhibited biofilm formation in these isolates. The effect was the most marked at 2 mg/ml, which suggested that an optimal concentration of lactoferrin might exist. Lactoferrin inhibited biofilm formation in eight of nine clinical isolates after 1 day of incubation; however, the inhibitory effects were ma... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163621 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 16:04:28 +0100 5163621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163622&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft3331n6028173l5m%2F Abstract  Our objective was to identify factors associated with septic shock in patients with bacteremic acute pyelonephritis who were admitted to our emergency department (ER). We performed a retrospective cohort study of 208 adult cases compiled between January 2000 and December 2010. The mean age of the 208 predominantly female (81.3%) adult cases enrolled during the study period was 65.9 ± 15.2 years. The overall mortality rate was 6.7% (14/208), but the mortality rate of 54 patients (26%, 54/208) who initially presented with shock was 25.9% (14/54). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the independent risk factors for the occurrence of septic shock were the presence of a urinary tract obstruction (OR 4.391, 95% CI 1.782–10.821, P =... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163622 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 16:00:00 +0100 5163622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163623&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr606737428435368%2F Abstract  Almost all patients with an influenza-like illness in Japan are now tested with rapid diagnostic tests, and when positive, they are treated with a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI). Japan may have had the lowest case fatality rate for symptomatic illness (<0.001%, 198/20.7 million) in the H1N1/09 pandemic because of the universal implementation of early treatment with NAI. A study of 1,000 children hospitalized because of a H1N1/09 infection revealed that NAIs, primarily oseltamivir, had been used to treat 984 (98.4%) of the 1,000 patients. In 88.9% of the patients, treatment with NAIs was initiated within 48 h after the onset of illness. In addition to oseltamivir and zanamivir, the newly approved inhalant drug, laninamivir, and the newly approved intravenous... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163623 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 06:03:25 +0100 5163623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163624&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff0897r0543611185%2F Abstract  Moxifloxacin is a respiratory quinolone that is expected to be useful for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, but few clinical studies and not a detailed evaluation of its pharmacokinetics have been conducted in Japan in patients with pneumonia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in 18 patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis. There was significant improvement in body temperature, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and chest X-ray score on day 3 of moxifloxacin treatment, which persisted until the completion of treatment (all p < 0.05). Nine strains, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Enterobacter cloac... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163624 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 05:54:00 +0100 5163624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5120628&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9407086757q2n4q7%2F Abstract  The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella melitensis isolates to rifampicin (RIF) depending on time and regional differences. A total of 94 human Brucella isolates collected in an 8-year period from the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2009 throughout Turkey were investigated. The isolates were identified at species and biovar levels by conventional methods, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of RIF was determined by using the E test method. All isolates were identified as B. melitensis (93 isolates, biovar 3; 1, biovar 1), and MIC50 and MIC90 values of RIF were 1 and 1.5 μg/ml, respectively (MIC range, 0.25–1.5 μg/ml). All isolates were sensitive to RIF except 2 isolates, which had intermediate susc... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5120628 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 05:45:14 +0100 5120628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5110663&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh6562r72j88h3804%2F Abstract  The antibiotic treatment rate of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is low, and long-term administration can result in adverse events and bacterial resistance. For these reasons, a new preventive modality, which can replace traditional antibiotic therapy, is required. To evaluate the preventive effect of selenium on CBP, the pre-treatments were divided into four groups, administered for 4 weeks, as follows: (1) control, (2) ciprofloxacin, (3) selenium, and (4) ciprofloxacin and selenium. Then, drip infusion of a bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli Z17, O2:K1; H–) into the prostatic urethra of Wistar rats was conducted to induce CBP. In 4 weeks, the results of microbiological culture of prostate and urine samples as well as histological findings of t... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5110663 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:23:09 +0100 5110663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5110664&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq6lm702074024642%2F Abstract  The pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics (PK–PD) breakpoint of piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced bacteremia is controversial, since the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to PIPC/TAZ is known to be lower than that set by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), ≤64 mg/L. The association between MIC levels and bacterial eradication after various PIPC/TAZ treatments was investigated. In all, 61 and 17 Japanese patients from the microbiology laboratory database with HAP and P. aeruginosa-induced bacteremia, respectively, who were treated with PIPC/TAZ (4.5 g, b.i.d., t.i.d., or q.i.d.) between 2008 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Pertinent clinical data were retrieved... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5110664 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:23:07 +0100 5110664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5098787&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm515pm0t87305255%2F Abstract  In the present study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of intradermal vaccination of Japanese purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (PCEC-K) for preexposure immunization (PEI). A total of 39 healthy subjects were administered a single 0.1-ml dose of PCEC-K intradermally at the antebrachial region on days 0, 7, and 28. To assess immunogenicity, rabies neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured on days 7, 28, and 42 post vaccination. By day 42, all subjects developed NA titers ≥0.5 IU/ml (geometric mean titer, 2.7 IU/ml), a level that is considered protective. The vaccine was well tolerated; vaccinated subjects displayed minimal redness and pruritus. Although a 1.0-ml dose of PCEC-K administered subcutaneously is considered the standard method, t... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5098787 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 06:18:13 +0100 5098787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5098788&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv6320404r9226426%2F Abstract  Influenza (H1N1) 2009 occurred in Mexico in April 2009, quickly spread around the world, and was found in Japan in May. Many pediatric patients experienced encephalopathy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and severe pneumonia. The subjects of this study were 31 pediatric patients who needed mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure caused by influenza (H1N1) 2009 as reported to the Emergency Medical Information Center of the Japan Pediatric Society in Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan from August 1 to December 31, 2009. The diagnosis of influenza (H1N1) 2009 infection was based on positive results of a real-time polymerase chain reaction. No patient was diagnosed as having a bacterial infection. The average arterial PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly decrease... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5098788 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 06:18:12 +0100 5098788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064410&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvg741q184kl776t7%2F The objectives of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of meropenem, to simulate the percent time above minimum inhibitory concentration (%T > MIC) at various MICs, and to estimate effective dosage regimens by calculating the target attainment rates against various strains of bacteria. A total of 209 plasma samples (1–3 concentrations per patient) were obtained from 98 adult Japanese patients with febrile neutropenia in an open-labeled Phase 3 study. The final population PK model was fit to a two-compartment model with zero-order input. Creatinine clearance had a positive significant correlation with CL. Gender had a significant effect on Vc; however, this effect was small, and the PK profile in male patients was similar to that in female patients. ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064410 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:40:12 +0100 5064410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064411&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ful47v1607r1634u4%2F In this study, we tried to identify the risk factors for refractory febrile neutropenia in patients with lung cancer. A total of 59 neutropenic fever episodes associated with anti-tumor chemotherapy for lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed. We compared patient characteristics according to their initial response to treatment with antibiotics. For 34 of 59 (58%) episodes a response to initial antibiotics was obtained whereas 25 of 59 (42%) were refractory to treatment. Multivariate analysis demonstrated independent risk factors for refractory febrile neutropenia with lung cancer. These risk factors were the severity of febrile neutropenia (odds ratio (OR) 6.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85–20.14) and C-reactive protein more than 10 mg/dl (OR 4.39; 95% CI 1.22–15.74)... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064411 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:40:11 +0100 5064411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031411&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F43n1387qh7043g6p%2F Abstract  We studied the protein amount and activity of the major virulence factors hemolysin, cysteine protease streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB), and NAD glycohydrolase (NADase), which are produced by Streptococcus pyogenes type T-25, with a food poisoning outbreak. The three virulence factors were analyzed by activity and amount of protein using supernatants at 2–30 h of culture. All these virulence factors were confirmed by their activity. Streptolysin O (SLO), SpeB, and NADase were immunochemically confirmed at protein level by Western blot analysis. Two hemolytic forms (70 and 60 kDa) of SLO were identified. SpeB was detected as a 44-kDa precursor form and a 30-kDa mature form. NADase was 50 kDa. SLO protein peaked at 8 h of culture, which... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031411 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 06:18:37 +0100 5031411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031412&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx740576776711872%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0279-1Authors Yukihiro Hamada, Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato East University Hospital, 2-1-1, Asamizodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0380, JapanKazuyoshi Tamura, Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, JapanIkumi Koyama, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo, JapanMasakazu Kuroyama, Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato East University Hospital, 2-1-1, Asamizodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0380, JapanKazuo Yago, Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, JapanKeisuke Sunakawa, Kitasato University of Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (S... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031412 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 06:01:19 +0100 5031412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5021830&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk23853659812153x%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0278-2Authors Tomoko Hanadate, Post-Marketing Medical Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanMasahiro Wakasugi, Post-Marketing Medical Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanKeizo Sogabe, Post-Marketing Medical Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanToshimitsu Kobayashi, Post-Marketing Medical Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanHisanori Horita, Post-Marketing Medical Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612 JapanIkuo Kawamura, Post-Marketing Medical Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 3-17-1 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8612... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5021830 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 06:15:33 +0100 5021830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5021831&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F33j436108177l421%2F Abstract  We have previously demonstrated that the steroid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486) causes growth inhibition of Chlamydophila pneumoniae by binding to and subsequently destroying the bacteria during their normal developmental cycle in epithelial HEp-2 cells. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of treatment with RU486 against persistent C. pneumoniae infection in interferon (IFN)γ-treated HEp-2 cells. Assessment of bacterial growth modification, the number of infectious progenies, the formation of inclusions, and the expressions of the C. pneumoniae genes 16S rRNA and hsp60 were investigated in cells with or without IFNγ stimulation in the presence of RU486, using an inclusion-forming unit (IFU) assay, fluorescence microscopic analysis, and reverse ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5021831 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 06:15:32 +0100 5021831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5021832&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4476505m743j22kt%2F Abstract   Staphylococcus aureus causes hundreds of thousands of infections and thousands of deaths per year in the United States. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), including community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA), has added to the problem. As MRSA continue to evolve, they are becoming resistant to more classes of antibiotics. In the past 20 years, only three new antibiotics have been approved for human use (linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline), and resistance to these three drugs has already emerged. New antibiotics are needed, and we have developed a promising drug candidate that may be applicable to treating MRSA, among other gram-positive bacterial infections. We have identified a novel synthetic drug, coded SK-03-92, th... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5021832 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:28:49 +0100 5021832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5021833&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp371681418u7l528%2F Abstract  Antiretroviral therapy alters lipid metabolism in HIV-infected patients. However, interpreting the impact of HIV infection on lipid metabolism is difficult because of various associated factors, including antiretroviral drugs and demographic characteristics. A few studies have associated HIV infection with lipid metabolism in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients. Because there were no data in this regard from Japan, the present study examined the impact of HIV infection, as well as demographic and clinical features, on lipid metabolism in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients in Japan. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the impact of HIV disease, demographic and clinical characteristics on lipid metabolism among 168 HIV-infected Japanese ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5021833 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 05:42:52 +0100 5021833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5000117&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcg067435117l00pj%2F In this study, we evaluated a new rapid diagnostic kit for simultaneous detection of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxin A/B, C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE. A total of 60 stool specimens from 60 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea were examined. Using C. difficile culture as the reference method, the GDH portion of this kit indicated a sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 100, 93.3, and 100%, respectively. The toxin A/B portion showed a sensitivity and specificity of 78.6 and 96.9%, respectively, compared to the culture results of toxin B-positive C. difficile (toxigenic culture). Of the 23 specimens that showed “dual positives” for GDH and toxin A/B, 22 were toxigenic culture positive, whereas C. difficile culture was negative in all th... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5000117 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 17:42:34 +0100 5000117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4987023&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd70816812277220j%2F Abstract  To address whether hospital antimicrobial use influences surgical site infection (SSI), we investigated factors including antimicrobial homogeneity index (AHI), an indicator of prescription diversity, with a retrospective study during 120 months for patients undergoing lung, breast, and general surgery (n = 4,510). We analyzed the odds ratios of background factors for SSI and the correlation between AHI and drug susceptibility in isolates of SSI. A total of 243 cases of SSI (5.4%) occurred. Factors that significantly contributed for SSI were operative time [odds ratio (OR), 1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33–2.39; P < 0.001], American Society of Anesthesiologists’ score (OR, 1.68, 95% CI, 1.23–2.28; P < 0.001), en... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4987023 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:48:28 +0100 4987023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4987024&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvp634u2534q27194%2F Abstract  Severely ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients are frequently at risk of developing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. It is generally accepted that a trough level of >10 μg/mL teicoplanin (TEC) is appropriate for most such infections. The present study was designed to determine how TEC exposure and patient characteristics affect microbiological response in the treatment of MRSA infections. All patients studied were admitted to Aichi Medical University Hospital ICU between May 2005 and April 2010. Fifty-nine patients were prescribed TEC and 33 of those patients used to treat MRSA infection. Outcome was classified as either cure or failure, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which covariates, including s... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4987024 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:48:27 +0100 4987024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4987025&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc0620n73nx13812q%2F Abstract  Many recent studies have shown that Mycoplasma genitalium is among the pathogens responsible for Chlamydia trachomatis-negative nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). A single 1-g dose of azithromycin (AZM) has been recommended for the treatment of NGU, including M. genitalium-positive NGU, irrespective of whether it is positive or negative for Chlamydia trachomatis. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations of AZM against Mycoplasma genitalium strains, and to assess its clinical efficacy against Mycoplasma genitalium-positive NGU. Seven Mycoplasma genitalium strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, and susceptibility testing of seven antimicrobial agents was performed using a broth microdilution method. Thirty... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4987025 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:48:26 +0100 4987025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971209&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl550x2rm33045532%2F Abstract  We evaluated 103 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) encountered in 99 children (two developed the disease twice and one, three times) treated in the northern district of Hokkaido (Kamikawa and Soya subprefecture) from April 2000 until March 2010, before the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The main diseases were as follows: pneumonia, 54 cases (52.9%); occult bacteremia, 34 cases (33.3%); meningitis, five cases (4.9%). There were 42 cases during the first half of the study period (from April 2000 to March 2005) and 61 during the second half (from April 2005 to March 2010). The IPD morbidity rate for the 10-year period was 41.3 per 100,000 population in children <5 years and 79.2 per 100,000 population in children <2... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971209 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 05:45:39 +0100 4971209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947085&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flx688r2u10166007%2F Abstract  The immunological pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is known to involve several cytokines. The serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 23 pediatric patients (median age 6 years; range 4–13 years; 14 girls and 9 boys) with M. pneumoniae pneumonia admitted to our hospital. Serum levels of IL-18 ranged from 22 to 1808 pg/ml with a mean of 543 pg/ml. We started steroid therapy in two cases with IL-18 values greater than 1000 pg/ml without being aware of IL-18 levels. Examination of associations between IL-18 levels determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a routine laboratory test showed that levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and IL-18 were significantly corre... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947085 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 10:51:04 +0100 4947085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947086&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc575041375588xv4%2F Abstract  Tight glucose control (TGC) using a sliding scale based on intermittent blood glucose measurements occasionally can have a fatal outcome as a result of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the use of an artificial pancreas to achieve TGC would be possible in postoperative patients with sepsis. The retrospective study was carried out as an exploratory study, focusing on the possibility of precise evaluation of the significance of TGC as a beneficial intervention by serological monitoring of various mediators. TGC was accomplished using an artificial pancreas (STG-22; (Nikkiso, Tokyo, Japan). The patients were divided into two groups: the TGC group (6 patients with sepsis in whom the target blood glucose level set at <... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947086 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 10:51:03 +0100 4947086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947087&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6067m6115131055m%2F Abstract  Toxoplasmosis is one of the life-threatening infections that can occur after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and also solid organ transplantation. The standard treatment for toxoplasmosis is combination therapy with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, both of which inhibit folate metabolism. Therefore, therapy with these agents could result in marrow toxicity including megaloblastic anemia or pancytopenia, which is reversible or preventable with folate supplementation. Transplant-associated microangiopathy (TAM) is another situation where folate is required to compensate for increased erythropoiesis due to hemolysis after allogeneic HSCT. Here, we report a case of severe marrow toxicity manifesting as pancytopenia due to low-dose pyrimethamine, which wa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947087 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 05:48:28 +0100 4947087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947088&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd4378x45714l5hwx%2F Abstract  We encountered a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in which the viral load was undetectable with the Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 ver. 1.0 (CTM v.1.0) in a patient with acute HIV-1 infection. The CTM v.1.0 assay showed more than 1,000-fold underestimation compared with the subsequent Cobas Amplicor Monitor v.1.5 assay. Because five mismatches to the CTM v.1.0 assay probe in the HIV-1 virus in the patient were disclosed by the manufacturer, partial gag regions of the HIV genome were directly sequenced from the patient’s plasma viral RNA. The detected single nucleotide point mutations were located near the 5′-end of the Cobas Amplicor Monitor probe. Clinicians should be very careful in making interpretations when indeterminate Western blot analysis results and a low or... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947088 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 05:55:56 +0100 4947088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4938966&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F037767qwj3305x71%2F Abstract  In an analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected patients treated with arbekacin (ABK) only, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) that were inhibited by low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amikacin (AMK) or gentamycin (GM) were eradicated by the end of the ABK treatment. On the other hand, GNB that were only inhibited by high MICs of AMK or GM persisted until the end of treatment with ABK only. Thus, ABK can be expected to be effective even in cases of mixed infection with GNB and MRSA. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0262-xAuthors Yukihiro Hamada, Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato East University Hospital, 2-1-1, Asamizodai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0380, JapanKazuyoshi Tamura, Department ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4938966 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 06:29:40 +0100 4938966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4923968&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq02457g2r7326227%2F We report on a 57-year-old woman treated with intensive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma who developed severe neutropenia, hemorrhagic pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure, which led to her death within 36 h of onset of pneumonia. Postmortem examination revealed bilateral extensive intraalveolar hemorrhage associated with severe infection by the gram-negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In vitro susceptibility testing showed resistance to carbapenem, cephalosporines and aminoglycosides, but sensitivity to minocycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). Early diagnosis and adequate antibiotic treatment were difficult, as the clinical course was rapid and fulminant, and this bacterium is resistant to multiple antibi... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4923968 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 15:47:03 +0100 4923968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4914886&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb1q47169662rk564%2F Abstract  Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known to be associated with central nervous system symptoms such as convulsions. We investigated cytokines, nitrogen oxide (NO) x , and the viral genome in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from children with RSV infection-related convulsions or central nervous symptoms and compared the data with type of encephalopathy. Of nine patients enrolled (six boys and three girls; aged 10 days–3 years), one metabolic error, five excitotoxicity, one cytokine storm, and two hypoxia cases were found. The patients presented with unilateral convulsions, generalized convulsions, and convulsions following cardiopulmonary arrest, apnea, and nuchal rigidity. In all patients, a rapid check for RSV of nasal fluid was positive. T... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4914886 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 14:57:15 +0100 4914886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896412&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp26g473426487776%2F Abstract  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-dose 2.0 g azithromycin (ZSR) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD), we retrospectively reviewed all patients with AE-COPD who were treated with ZSR. In comparison with patients who received intravenous therapy for AE-COPD, the clinical cure rate, length of stay in hospital, and medical costs were evaluated. A total of 29 patients thus were eligible for this study. Clinical cure rates of ZSR and intravenous therapy for the treatment of AE-COPD were 83.3% (n = 12) and 88.2% (n = 17), respectively, between the groups (P = 1.000). No severe adverse events were found in either group. The ZSR and intravenous groups averaged 9.9 and 12.5&nbs... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896412 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:08:18 +0100 4896412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896413&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0674wn32582l86ml%2F Abstract  We investigated the influence of the type III effector, ExoS, on the host epithelial cell response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and we found that disruption of the exoS gene caused a significant increase in the amount of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the culture medium of Caco-2 cells. We show that IL-8 was degraded in the culture medium following infection of the cells with the wild-type (PAO1), but not the exoS knock-out (the ΔexoS) strain. Purified ExoS protein itself did not degrade IL-8. We next show that IL-8 degradation by PAO1 was inhibited by the addition of serine protease inhibitors. These results strongly suggest that a bacterial serine protease that degrades IL-8 is expressed and secreted into the culture medium of Caco-2 cells infected with PAO1, and... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896413 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:09:57 +0100 4896413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855029&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh7lwr5170vm5w416%2F Abstract  Health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) was defined in the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines on hospital-acquired pneumonia in 2005. However, little is known about the occurrence of HCAP in Japan. A retrospective review of background characteristics, pathological conditions, causative organisms, initial treatments, and risk factors for HCAP was conducted to determine the relationship of HCAP to community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Thirty-five patients who were admitted to our hospital for pneumonia acquired outside our hospital were included and were stratified by disease severity according to the Japanese Respiratory Society risk stratification guidelines (A-DROP [age, dehydration, respiratory fail... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855029 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:33:35 +0100 4855029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4855030&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F83g855j33k562673%2F Abstract  Morphological changes of Leptospira induced by ampicillin, streptomycin, or ciprofloxacin were studied by transmission electron microscopy after staining with uranyl acetate. Irregularities in coiling, loss of hooks, spherical swellings, membrane vesicle formation, disruption of outer membrane, exposure and detachment of flagella, penetration of dye, and lysis of cells were observed. These changes appeared in a time-dependent manner and appeared to be associated with the sites of action of antimicrobial agents. This is the first report delineating the action of aminoglycoside and new quinolone on the morphology of Leptospira cells. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0258-6Authors Antara Chakraborty, Department of Bacteriology, Graduat... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4855030 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:33:33 +0100 4855030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832771&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv67058488356401m%2F Abstract  Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common cause of hospital-acquired infection and is the leading cause of death. In 2002, the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HAP (JRS GL 2002). In these guidelines, treatment with carbapenems is recommended for all disease types of HAP, excluding cases of mild or moderate pneumonia with no risk factors, and cases with early-onset ventilation-acquired pneumonia. To evaluate the efficacy of carbapenems on HAP in accordance with JRS GL 2002, we conducted a prospective study of HAP patients treated with carbapenems based on JRS GL 2002. The results of this study were also analyzed based on the revised guidelines published in June 2008 (JRS GL 2008), and the v... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832771 Mon, 16 May 2011 15:47:21 +0100 4832771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832770&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F58662130t7877118%2F This study was a retrospective analysis of 53 adult patients with septic arthritis (SA) of the knee or hip treated during the years from 1955 to 2005 in Tottori University Hospital in Japan. Patients with postoperative infection, infection caused by trauma, and periprosthetic infection were excluded. The 50-year period between 1955 and 2005 was divided into five periods: there were 5 patients in the first decade, 9 in the second decade, 11 in the third decade, 10 in the fourth decade, and 18 in the fifth decade. All SA occurred in the knee until the fourth decade. Five cases of septic arthritis in the hip occurred in the fifth decade. In contrast to the decrease in direct infections (post intraarticular injection), hematogenous infections were observed to increase after 1986. The rat... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832770 Mon, 16 May 2011 15:47:21 +0100 4832770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832772&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frht24326lu12l47n%2F Abstract  One resistance mechanism of Haemophilus influenzae to ampicillin involves decreased affinity of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3 for β-lactam antibiotics reflecting amino acid substitutions in PBP3 encoded by the ftsI gene. Three amino acid substitutions, Ser385Thr, Arg517His, and Asn526Lys, are especially responsible for β-lactam resistance. We constructed a new real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to directly detect these substitutions in addition to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), cap, and bla TEM genes. Our real-time PCR was evaluated using 206 clinical H. influenzae strains isolated from pediatric patients with meningitis. Relative sensitivities and specificities of real-time PCR were 90.5–100% and 96.3–100% for all resistance classes compared with our ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832772 Sat, 14 May 2011 15:51:27 +0100 4832772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832773&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F683mw93114326554%2F Abstract  A chest roentgenogram of a 75-year-old immunocompetent woman showed disseminated micronodular densities in bilateral lung fields. Subsequent high-resolution computed tomography (CT) confirmed centrilobular micronodular densities associated with bronchial wall thickening and bronchiectatic changes. CT imaging also revealed volume loss with bronchiectatic changes in both the right middle lobe and the left lingular segment. Cytology specimens were then obtained through bronchial brushing and washes. Smears from right B2 and B4 revealed filamentous gram-positive, branched bacteria embedded among many neutrophils. Nocardia transvalensis was cultured from the bronchial wash, and no mycobacteria were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Nocardia tr... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832773 Thu, 12 May 2011 16:45:59 +0100 4832773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4822839&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fex9274g2200r5236%2F Abstract  CD14 is present in macrophage, monocyte, and granulocyte cells and their cell membranes, and it is said to be responsible for intracellular transduction of endotoxin signals. Its soluble fraction is present in blood and is thought to be produced in association with infections. It is called the soluble CD14-subtype (sCD14-ST), and in the following text it is referred to by its generic name, presepsin. We have previously reported that presepsin is produced in association with infection and that it is specifically expressed in sepsis. In the present study we developed a new rapid diagnostic method by using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay that allowed making automated measurements in a shorter time. The results of using this method to measure presepsin values in... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4822839 Wed, 11 May 2011 06:28:12 +0100 4822839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4806944&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3154q753h4t1216u%2F We describe a case of an 85-year-old Japanese man hospitalized consequent to suspected cholecystitis, in which Hafnia sp. was recovered from the blood culture concomitantly with Enterococcus faecalis. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence and phenotyping with ID 32 E revealed that the recovered Hafnia sp. was considered to be Hafnia alvei genomosp. 2 (ATCC 29927), recently reclassified as Hafnia paralvei. The patient recovered uneventfully with antimicrobial therapies. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0255-9Authors Hanako Osuka, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba University Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, JapanShigemi Hitomi, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba University Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Iba... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4806944 Fri, 06 May 2011 16:22:47 +0100 4806944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4783458&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe85p2r414580203m%2F Abstract  The distribution of micafungin (MCFG) in tissue fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural effusions, ascites, and wound tissue fluids, was examined in seven patients with invasive fungal infections. MCFG (100–300 mg) was administered once daily over a 1-h intravenous infusion. Blood and tissue fluid samples were collected from 1 to 24 h after infusion. Although two patients had similar MCFG concentrations in their plasma, the concentrations in the CSF differed between these two patients. The concentration in the CSF of one patient was much higher than the MIC90 for Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigatus, whereas the MCFG concentration in the CSF of the other patient was comparable to the MIC90. By contrast, MCFG concentrat... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4783458 Mon, 02 May 2011 15:00:28 +0100 4783458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4783459&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh5472326183t3644%2F We report a case of a 41-year-old man with a splenic abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). He had been treated with antimicrobials and corticosteroids for interstitial pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and hemolytic anemia. He developed catheter-related (MRSA) bacteremia during his stay in the ICU and was treated with teicoplanin for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of outpatient follow-up, he was readmitted to the hospital with fever and pain in the left upper quadrant. A thoracoabdominal CT scan showed subcapsular collection in areas of splenic infarction that had been detected on his first admission. CT-guided percutaneous aspiration resulted in the isolation of MRSA. The patient was treated successfully with teicoplanin for 6 weeks. Our aim i... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4783459 Mon, 02 May 2011 05:43:33 +0100 4783459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4783460&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb19q344qm5467q71%2F Abstract  The aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-2G) with that of the tuberculin skin test (TST) for detecting previous infection of tuberculosis (TB) in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Before receiving biologic therapy, 97 RA patients were divided into two groups based on their chest computed tomography (CT) findings: the TB past infection group (n = 48), with old inflammatory changes due to prior pulmonary TB; and the non-TB infection group (n = 49), without such findings. The QFT-2G was not affected by methotrexate or prednisolone. Indeterminate results with a positive control had a low incidence (5.2%). A positive QFT-2G for the TB past infection group at cutoffs of 0.35 and 0.1 IU/ml (inter... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4783460 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:42:22 +0100 4783460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4783461&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F70217n24085m4663%2F This study was done to evaluate the utility of the Abbott RealTime PCR assay (ART) for the monitoring of chronic hepatitis C patients. The serum samples of 183 patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b who had completed a 48-week period of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha-2b plus ribavirin treatment were prospectively analyzed. Serum HCV RNA levels were measured both by ART and by the Roche COBAS Amplicor Monitor test, version2.0 (CAM) at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 of treatment, and at 24 weeks after the end of treatment (EOT). A significant positive correlation of pretreatment HCV RNA levels was found between ART and CAM (r = 0.595, P < 0.0001). Of the 183 patients, 66 (36.0%) achieved a sustained virological response ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4783461 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 17:17:11 +0100 4783461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4768900&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk235u776k5037618%2F Abstract  The incidence of systemic fungal infections has risen, as shown by increases in the numbers of immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients. The consequences of these fungal infections are occasionally serious. However, the efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis in patients receiving corticosteroid treatment has not been well investigated, even though they are susceptible to severe fungal infections. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of an antifungal agent—oral itraconazole solution (ITCZ-OS)—for immunosuppressed patients receiving corticosteroids in a single institution. Of 39 patients, 18 received prophylaxis with ITCZ-OS at a dose of 200 mg/day, and 21 did not. As a result, no fungal infections developed in the prophylactic... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4768900 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 15:46:06 +0100 4768900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4749386&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7x504005150015xp%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0248-8Authors Seung-Ju Lee, Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, KoreaDong Sup Lee, Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, KoreaHyun Sop Choe, Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Suwon, KoreaBong Suk Shim, Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, KoreaChul Sung Kim, Department of Urology, Chosun University, Gwangju, KoreaMin Eui Kim, Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, KoreaYong-Hyun Cho, Department of Urology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4749386 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 06:10:31 +0100 4749386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745349&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl57x7302441m4381%2F Abstract  The “clinically required ventilation period” for assessing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has not been studied because this period could not be clinically predicted. We addressed this problem using both rate analysis and failure-time analysis. A total of 325 patients who had received mechanical ventilatory support in the intensive care unit of a university hospital were reviewed. The total ventilation period and the ventilation period before VAP were compared using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazard model for univariate and multivariate analyses. The Frechet distribution model was also used. Fifty patients were excluded for having pneumonia before intubation or for being admitted to a department in which no VAP occurred; 12 patients had... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745349 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 07:13:27 +0100 4745349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4726669&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx161n7pr5755h0n4%2F In conclusion, we found changes in our pattern of antibiotic use associated with changes in antibiotic susceptibilities and an increase in ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from our UTI cases. Monitoring of antibiotic use and emergence of resistant strains should be continued. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0241-2Authors Katsumi Shigemura, Department of Urology, Akashi Municipal Hospital, Akashi, JapanKazushi Tanaka, Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 JapanMasayo Adachi, Clinical Laboratories, Akashi Municipal Hospital, Akashi, JapanMasuo Yamashita, Department of Urology, Akashi Municipal Hospital, Akashi, JapanSoichi Arakawa, Divisi... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4726669 Wed, 13 Apr 2011 14:36:52 +0100 4726669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4710881&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa36j7825455923m1%2F Abstract   Staphylococcus aureus with high-level mupirocin resistance has rarely been isolated in Japan. We detected methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR-MRSA; MIC ≥1,024 μg/ml) in a surveillance program of invasive MRSA infection in the Minami Ibaraki Area of Japan. The other 177 strains surveyed in the program showed susceptibility or low-level resistance to mupirocin. The HLMR-MRSA strain, named 115, was isolated from the blood of a patient with peripheral venous catheter-associated infection. The patient had not received administration of mupirocin before the isolation of strain 115. Another HLMR-MRSA strain, named 257, was recovered from the patient’s sputum obtained 1 year after the infection. Close relatednes... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4710881 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:45:59 +0100 4710881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4710882&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkur5724121427765%2F Abstract  To identify problems in early diagnosis of tuberculosis and to design countermeasures against the disease, we examined the status of active tuberculosis among patients admitted to a university hospital that did not have an isolation ward for tuberculosis. Between 2005 and 2007, we analyzed demographic characteristics, disease type, chest radiologic findings, and the process leading to diagnosis. Active tuberculosis was diagnosed after admission in 55 patients (34 males and 21 females): pulmonary tuberculosis, 26; tuberculous pleuritis, 13; tuberculous meningitis, 6; miliary tuberculosis, 4; tuberculous pericarditis, 3; lymph-node tuberculosis, 2; and tracheal and bronchial tuberculosis, 1. Although radiographic examinations provided abundant information, chest rad... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4710882 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 05:54:37 +0100 4710882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4687343&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk0293884115h582n%2F Abstract  Macrolide resistance mechanisms in 89 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from several clinical samples between February 2007 and May 2009 were investigated. Erythromycin resistance was noted in 35 (40%) S. pneumoniae strains. In these strains, the most frequent resistance phenotype was cMLSB (74%), and the most frequent resistance genotype was ermB (82%). Both ermB and mefA genes were positive in 20% of macrolide-resistant strains. While no resistance to vancomycin, linezolid and telithromycin was noted in 89 S. pneumoniae strains, 12 (13%) strains were penicillin resistant, 26 (30%) strains were clindamycin resistant, 35 (40%) were azithromycin resistant, 32 (36%) strains were tetracycline resistant, and 1 (1%) strain was levofloxacin resistant. The serotype ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4687343 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:53:09 +0100 4687343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4659757&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft0g8253206h656m1%2F Abstract  A 24-year-old male healthcare provider, having attended a varicella patient 2 weeks before, developed varicella himself. He had shown a positive result for anti-VZV antibodies measured with an immune adherence hemagglutination assay (1:4) 1 year before. The present case shows that a positive result with this assay does not necessarily indicate protection against VZV infection. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0236-zAuthors Shigemi Hitomi, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba University Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, JapanToyoichiro Kudo, Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba University Hospital, Tsukuba, JapanHiroshi Koganemaru, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba University Hospital, 2-1-1 Ama... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4659757 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 05:33:09 +0100 4659757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645665&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm0553567tu8u1ml1%2F Abstract  The safety and efficacy of micafungin were evaluated in a Japanese post-marketing survey involving 1,142 patients with deep mycosis caused by Candida or Aspergillus. The overall clinical response was 83.0%, and the respective responses for patients with candidiasis or aspergillosis were 86.3 and 70.8%. With regard to drug reactions, 562 adverse reactions were observed in 28.5% of patients. Among the 83 serious adverse drug reactions reported by 53 patients, a causal relationship with micafungin was assessed as definite or probable for 6 reactions in 5 patients. Age and baseline hepatic and renal function status did not affect the incidence of adverse reactions, although incidence increased significantly in proportion to the severity of mycosis and daily dose (p&nbs... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645665 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:50 +0100 4645665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645666&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F53246278531261xw%2F In this report, we describe a rare case of primary anorectal syphilis with clinical, endoscopic and histologic features that was misdiagnosed as Crohn’s disease. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0234-1Authors Mesut Yilmaz, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Ataturk Bulvari No: 27, Unkapani, Fatih, 34083 Istanbul, TurkeyReşat Memisoglu, Gastroenterology Unit, Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeySelda Aydin, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyOmur Tabak, Department of Internal Medicine, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyBilgül Mete, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Departm... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645666 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:48 +0100 4645666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645667&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl00284886850238h%2F We describe a case of urethritis in a young man caused by Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum. This bacterium is a synonym of Corynebacterium seminale, a known agent of non-gonococcal urethritis, that cannot be regarded as commensal flora in the urogenital region when is isolated in a symptomatic clinical context. Accuracy in diagnosis and correct treatment is important for avoiding probable complications, for example prostatitis. Bacterial isolation is convenient, and an antimicrobial susceptibility test should be conducted to discover antimicrobial resistance. In our case the patient was successfully treated with fluoroquinolones and was symptom-free in 2 weeks. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0237-yAuthors Fátima Galan-Sanchez, Clinical Microbio... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645667 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:46 +0100 4645667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645668&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu7u7048216140553%2F The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the number of blood cultures collected and the appropriateness of care for suspected bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in the elderly. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 129 patients with UTI >65 years old admitted to a large community-based training hospital in Japan from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009. We assessed the association between the number of blood cultures collected and the appropriateness of care received, as well as other factors. Two-thirds of the patients were women, and patients >85 years old accounted for 45.0% of the cases. Most of the organisms isolated from the urine and blood were Escherichia coli (65.4–67.0%). More than two blood c... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645668 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:45 +0100 4645668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645670&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F315848685486g242%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0235-0Authors Mitsuo Narita, Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, Sakae-dori 18-4-10, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, 003-0021 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645670 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:44 +0100 4645670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645669&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb45226rn673t1k8k%2F In this study, we characterized the bla NDM-1-positive ST38 Escherichia coli strain NDM-1 Dok01 (which was isolated from the blood of a 54-year-old Japanese inpatient, who had previously visited India), focusing on bacterial surface structures related to virulence. The E. coli culture contained colony variants, which developed a transparent smooth colony and a rough colony on blood agar plates. The smooth colony-forming cells (substrain M1) possessed a surface capsule and were resistant to serum killing, whereas rough colony-forming mutants (substrain B2) lacked a capsule (and a 5.3-kb plasmid) and were highly susceptible to serum killing. Reflecting the surface structural difference, substrain M1 was more flagellated and motile, whereas substrain B2 was less flagellated and apparent... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645669 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:44 +0100 4645669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4611759&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcgv263k4h0517357%2F Abstract  For the purpose of nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens collected from patients in Japan, the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy conducted a third year of nationwide surveillance during the period from January to April 2008. A total of 1,097 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections. Susceptibility testing was evaluable with 987 strains (189 Staphylococcus aureus, 211 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 6 Streptococcus pyogenes, 187 Haemophilus influenzae, 106 Moraxella catarrhalis, 126 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 162 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A total of 44 antibacterial agents, including 26 β-lactams (four penicillins, three penicillins in ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4611759 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:52:02 +0100 4611759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4611758&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F53k5091373181007%2F Abstract  We evaluated, by Monte Carlo simulation, 500-mg once-daily, 100-mg thrice-daily, 200-mg twice-daily, and 200-mg thrice-daily dose regimens of levofloxacin (LVFX), for the ratio of area under the concentration–time curve for 24 h (AUC0–24) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (AUC0–24/MIC) and the ratio of maximum plasma concentration (C max) to MIC (C max/MIC), which predict microbiological outcomes, and the C max/MIC, which inhibits fluoroquinolone resistance selection, in complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for 10000 cases using the pharmacokinetic data of patients with complicated UTIs and the LVFX MIC distributions for E. coli or P. aeruginosa clinical ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4611758 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:52:02 +0100 4611758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4611760&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu7017156457530kp%2F We report a case of pulmonary infection caused by a rare Nocardia species, Nocardia beijingensis, in a 48-year-old man who received multiple immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation. This pathogen was isolated from a bronchoscopic protected specimen brush and was identified as N. beijingensis by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The patient was initially treated with imipenem/cilastatin followed by ceftriaxone and oral minocycline. Traditionally, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) has been one of the first-line antibiotics chosen as an initial therapy for pulmonary nocardiosis, but this case was successfully treated without SXT. Considering recent reports about failures of both prophylaxis and treatment for nocardial infections with SXT and its various side effects, treatm... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4611760 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:52:00 +0100 4611760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4611762&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F330386858765p2x6%2F Abstract  A 35-year-old HIV seropositive male patient presented with fever, weight loss, papules, nodules and fungating masses all over the body. Histopathological and mycological study of the skin biopsy tissue confirmed the diagnosis of penicilliosis. Although penicilliosis is restricted to Southeast Asia, more cases are being recognized in nonendemic countries. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0227-0Authors Uday Yanamandra, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra IndiaJairam Anantaram, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra IndiaShankar Subramanian, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra IndiaMande... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4611762 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:51:59 +0100 4611762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4611761&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F317838g6730g0045%2F We report a case of community-acquired meningitis as an initial manifestation of E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis in a 56-year-old woman, who had no history of exposure to animals. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0230-5Authors Eun-Jeong Joo, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710 Republic of KoreaCheol-In Kang, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710 Republic of KoreaWook Sung Kim, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, R... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4611761 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:51:59 +0100 4611761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578678&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ftk2x6706q4k03j57%2F In conclusion, for the first time in the world, we successfully demonstrated real-time estimation and prediction for the entire course of a pandemic, and which could be used routinely for planning counter-measures. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0200-3Authors Yasushi Ohkusa, Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JapanTamie Sugawara, Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JapanKiyosu Taniguchi, Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JapanNobuhiko Okabe, Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578678 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 17:03:53 +0100 4578678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4562240&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe7114663836h1658%2F This study aimed to reveal microbiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of HDAP and to assess whether HDAP should be included in the HCAP category. We retrospectively analyzed 69 HDAP patients [42 with moderate and 27 with severe disease based on A-DROP (age, dehydration, respiratory failure, orientation disturbance, and low blood pressure)] in whom sputum cultures were performed at our hospital between 2007 and 2009. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (37.7%), which were composed of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (27.5%) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (10.1%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (7.2%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (5.8%). This distribution mostly resembled the m... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4562240 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 07:37:40 +0100 4562240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4562239&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn70k162xj36p8622%2F Abstract  Emtricitabine (FTC) has been reported to cause skin pigmentation (SP), and the incidence of SP associated with FTC varied with ethnicity, with a higher rate in African-American patients (8%). We assessed the incidence of SP in Japanese HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with FTC for a period of 48 weeks and confirmed new findings of FTC-associated SP, including pathological characteristics. This was a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal non-randomized study. We evaluated the appearance of SP at 48 weeks as the primary endpoint in 155 Japanese patients, and secondary endpoints included the characteristics of the SP (location, color tone, size, and progression). Six cases (3.9%) of SP occurred at a median of 124&... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4562239 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 07:37:40 +0100 4562239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4541777&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fqh10x300543r6611%2F Abstract  Amantadine is not thought to be effective for the treatment of swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) based on an analysis of genetic sequences of the M2 protein. However, the actual clinical efficacy of amantadine has not been well documented. Here, we were able to compare the efficacies of amantadine and neuraminidase inhibitors. Subjects consisted of 428 patients, including 144 with seasonal influenza (flu) identified between 2008 and 2009, and 284 with S-OIV identified between July 1 and November 30, 2009. Diagnosis of flu was established using a rapid diagnostic kit obtained commercially in Japan. Body temperature sheets were obtained from 95% of the S-OIV patients. Times required to recover normal body temperature were compared among subjects using different a... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4541777 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 06:43:53 +0100 4541777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4541778&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl072141414452k05%2F Abstract  In Japan, the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers in hospital settings has shown an increasing trend. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of the fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy adults. Stool samples were collected for the phenotypic and genotypic identification of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. We found the prevalence of ESBL producers to be 6.4% by phenotypic identification, and 92.9% of them possessed the bla CTX-M gene. Among the CTX-M ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, we identified 11 Escherichia coli and 2 Klebsiella pneumonia strains. The findings suggest that the fecal carriage of CTX-M-type ESBL producers by healthy people is rapidly increasing in Japan. This may be one of the c... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4541778 Fri, 25 Feb 2011 17:06:52 +0100 4541778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4541779&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpj5716r473612761%2F Abstract  Streptomycin has been available for over 60 years, yet optimal dosing in hemodialysis (HD) patients is not well defined. We report the successful treatment of enterococcal bacteremia in an HD patient with intravenous (IV) penicillin G and IV streptomycin at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg after HD sessions. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0226-1Authors Heather Young, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock St, MC 4000, Denver, CO 80204, USAClaire J. Swartwood, Department of Pharmacy, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USATimothy C. Jenkins, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock St, MC 4000, Denver, CO 80204, USA... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4541779 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 17:28:08 +0100 4541779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503272&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7m86j5t21777j45l%2F Abstract  The proportion of MRSA strains that cause skin and soft infections has recently increased. In 3 months we have characterized 17 MRSA strains isolated from children with impetigo at a Japanese hospital. Seventeen MRSA strains belonged to 7 clones defined by clonal complex (CC) in MLST genotype and type of SCCmec, which were rarely identified among healthcare-associated MRSA: CC 91-SCCmecIIb (4 strains); CC91-SCCmecIIn (2 strains); CC91-SCCmecIVa (2 strains); CC91-SCCmecV (4 strains); CC88-SCCmecIVg (3 strains); CC1-SCCmecIVc (1 strain); and CC5-SCCmecIVn (1 strain). Although one strain belonged to CC5, which has been commonly identified in healthcare-associated MRSA, it did not carry type II SCCmec, but carried type IV SCCmec. Fourteen of the 17 strains carried e... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503272 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 07:07:01 +0100 4503272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503273&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fem5r587k17544j30%2F In this study, the effectiveness of the commercially available antifungal drugs, which are commonly used in candidemia, were assessed in an in vitro antibiotic lock model. Amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were used as lock solutions against catheters infected with slime-forming Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Infected catheters were exposed to each of the antifungal lock solution (300-, 500- and 1,000-fold MIC) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The presence of the remaining Candida in the catheter was evaluated quantitatively. Among the antifungal agents, amphotericin B and caspofungin lock solutions decreased the yeast colony count significantly from baseline starting on the first day of treatment (P < 0.001). Significant dec... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503273 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 07:07:00 +0100 4503273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4496244&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F02656516172x15m1%2F Abstract  A 63-year-old man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was admitted to our hospital with miliary tuberculosis. He received anti-tuberculosis drugs: isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), and pyrazinamide (PZA). His condition clearly and immediately improved after the therapy, but he experienced a high fever of about 38°C every day from 1 month after the initiation of the therapy. Drug-induced fever and tumor fever were suspected as causes, but the etiology could not be determined. The tuberculosis was identified as an INH-resistant strain, so INH was stopped and levofloxacin (LVFX) was introduced, with streptomycin (SM), in addition to RFP, EB, and PZA. At 2 months after the initiation of the therapy (about one week after the change in the ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4496244 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:02:01 +0100 4496244