MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy' source. Wed, 17 Mar 2010 14:37:09 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371754&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr17r337170n2v178%2F We report on a 80-year-old woman presenting with CVJ TB without pulmonary involvement. The diagnosis was made by biopsy of the cervical lymph node showing granulomatous caseation necrosis. Despite extensive erosion of the clivus, C1, and C2, and spinal cord compression, the patient was effectively managed with antituberculous drug therapy and conservative neck stabilization. Neck pain resulting from cervical spondylosis is common in elderly people. However, even if there is no obvious pulmonary involvement, CVJ TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in patients with painful neck stiffness. The most useful method available for evaluating this region is a combination of CT scan and MRI study. CVJ TB can be managed conservatively, except for a selected few cas... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371754 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:56:18 +0100 3371754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367812&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy025620008v67787%2F Abstract   Vibrio vulnificus infection can result in necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis and is associated with high mortality. Most patients infected with this microbe have liver dysfunction as an underlying disease. However, because of the sporadic nature of outbreaks and unidentified cases, extensive evaluation of clinical features and identification of factors affecting prognosis have not been performed. We retrospectively analyzed 37 cases in Japan from 1984 to 2008 to review clinical features and to identify risk factors associated with prognosis. Statistical differences between clinical features (patient’s characteristics, initial clinical laboratory data, symptoms upon admission, and other risk indicators) and prognosis were analyzed by use of the χ 2 test or the M... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367812 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:27:17 +0100 3367812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3367811&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8274m08j87l542u3%2F Abstract   Escherichia coli pneumonia was clinically reviewed. Twenty-two patients with E. coli pneumonia were admitted for treatment to Kawasaki Medical School Kawasaki Hospital, between January 2006 and December 2008. Clinical features were retrospectively reviewed. Results showed that: (1) hospital-acquired pneumonia occurred in elderly patients with underlying diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; (2) more patients had complications of urinary-tract infection or alimentary infection due to E. coli; (3) previous administration of antibacterial agents did not become a risk factor; (4) resistance to ampicillin (ABPC) and levofloxacin (LVFX) was observed; and (5) mortality was 22.7%. Content Type Journal ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3367811 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:27:17 +0100 3367811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3360877&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4l6946t71034htp0%2F In this study, we examined in vitro susceptibility to 36 antimicrobial agents of 109 strains of C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chickens and patients with enteritis or Guillain–Barré syndrome from 1996 to 2009. Among these agents, carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, panipenem, and biapenem) showed the greatest activity [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)90, 0.03–0.125 μg/ml]. This was followed by sitafloxacin (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml), furazolidone and azithromycin (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), gentamicin and clindamycin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml), and clavulanic acid (β-lactamase inhibitor; MIC90, 2 μg/ml). All or most strains were resistant to aztreonam, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Marked resistance was also observed for levofloxacin and tetracyclines. Resistan... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3360877 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 18:14:36 +0100 3360877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3360878&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fft6162558tq778q7%2F In conclusion, weekly DTX-based chemotherapy was no less effective and less toxic than triweekly DTX-based chemotherapy for HRPC patients and therefore can be useful as the first-line chemotherapy regimen for HRPC patients, especially the elderly or those with a poor performance status. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0047-7Authors Tomihiko Yasufuku, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Urology, Department of Surgery 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 JapanKatsumi Shigemura, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Urology, Department of Surgery 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 JapanOsamu Matsumoto, Miki City Hospital Department of Urology Miki JapanSoichi Arakawa, Kobe University Gradua... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3360878 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:42:08 +0100 3360878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3356186&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhv4907p77244n623%2F This study investigates the incidence of VO in patients with IE and the outcome of IE-associated VO. Among 58 patients with IE at Musashino Red Cross Hospital from January 2002 to July 2009, 11 patients (19.0%) had VO. Back pain was reported in all cases with VO. Because the antibiotics treatment for VO should continue for 6–8 weeks, hospital stay was significantly longer for patients with VO (75.8 ± 41.0 days) compared to patients without VO (42.6 ± 30.4 days; P = 0.0035). Although 6 hospital deaths (15.8%) occurred among the patients without VO, there were no hospital deaths among patients with VO. The 30- and 80-month survival was not significantly different between the patients with VO and without VO (30-month: 88.9% vs 81.7%, 80-m... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356186 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:13:45 +0100 3356186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3356185&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr4x717448kw13231%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0036-xAuthors Yuko Sumitani, Keio University Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356185 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:13:45 +0100 3356185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336724&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft01057lu220r4t24%2F This study included 31 patients who had definite or possible infectious endocarditis as defined by the modified Duke’s criteria Of these patients, 27 were treated with ceftriaxone plus gentamycin combination therapy and four with ceftriaxone monotherapy. Of these 31 cases, 29 had infections with Streptococcus species, and showed good responses to penicillin G and cefotaxime. Excluding one patient who died because of the underlying disease, all patients achieved clinical cure after treatment with either of the two regimens, showing no recurrence during a follow-up period of 6 months after completion of drug treatment. Although valve replacement was performed in 10 patients during the follow-up period, there were no recurrences in any of these patients 6 months postoperative... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336724 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 08:51:55 +0100 3336724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336723&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbtq6650654g08t87%2F We report the first case of CDAD secondary to vinorelbine chemotherapy and review the literature. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0041-0Authors Jawaher Ansari, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre 1053 Great Western Road Glasgow G12 0YN UKBok Choo, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Vincent Drive Birmingham B15 2TT UKIndrajit Fernando, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Vincent Drive Birmingham B15 2TT UK Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336723 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 08:51:55 +0100 3336723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324574&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F51581821j88334w0%2F This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of teicoplanin to determine the therapeutic target for the teicoplanin trough concentration and an appropriate dosing method during the first 3 days. The mean trough concentrations were 13.2 mg/L for patients with eradication of MRSA. Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that the teicoplanin trough concentration was 13 mg/L to achieve MRSA eradication with a probability of 89.0%. The rates of achieving ≥13 mg/L in ≤24, 24–36 and ≥36 mg/kg (total dose during the first 3 days) groups were 9.1, 48.4 and 87.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the administration of ≥36 mg/kg during the first 3 days is appropriate to promptly obtain a tr... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324574 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 18:08:45 +0100 3324574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315577&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd2217wh3rl476q78%2F Abstract  The lack of sensitivity of rapid immunoassays in detecting the novel 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection has led to recommendations on influenza diagnostic testing for clinicians treating patients as well as advising clinicians on testing decisions. Studies have also shown that rapid immunoassays for seasonal influenza virus show considerable variability in performance characteristics, based on age of patient, prevalence of disease, course of infection, and the quality of the kit used. While public health authorities are currently focused on influenza virus diagnostics, a lack of sensitivity of rapid immunoassays for other viral respiratory pathogens has been widely reported, such as the very limited value of rapid immunoassays for the detection of respiratory syn... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315577 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:43:43 +0100 3315577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315579&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F42n635748365n572%2F Abstract  Although pneumonia has been a hallmark of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, it has been revealed that this infection can cause a number of extrapulmonary manifestations in the absence of pneumonia. While the host immune response has been implicated in the pathomechanism of pneumonia, the pathomechanisms of extrapulmonary manifestations remain largely unknown. It is proposed in this review that extrapulmonary manifestations due to M. pneumoniae infection can be classified into three categories; the first is a direct type in which inflammatory cytokines locally induced by lipoproteins contained in the bacterial cell membrane must play a role, the second is an indirect type in which immune modulation such as autoimmunity through cross-reaction between the bacterial... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315579 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 06:45:37 +0100 3315579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315578&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc1l565102461683g%2F Abstract  The detection of biofilm-producing (ica AB) and methicillin resistance genes (mec A) was investigated in 70 blood culture isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and in 66 and 51 isolates from human hands and the vestibules of the nose, respectively, of 77 healthy subjects who gave consent. Of the 70 strains isolated from blood culture testing, both ica AB and mec A were detected in 36 (51.4%), and neither was detected in 4 (5.7%). The mec A gene only was detected in 30 (42.9%), but no isolate from blood culture testing possessed the ica AB gene alone. In contrast, of the 66 isolates from healthy hands, only one isolate (1.5%) possessed both genes, whereas neither was detected in 56 (84.8%), but the mec A gene was detected in 9 (13.6%). Of the 51 isolates from the nasa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315578 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 06:45:37 +0100 3315578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304271&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg3w8613256ku0155%2F Abstract  After returning from Thailand, a 23-year-old Japanese man was admitted because of fever, sore throat, neck pain, and chest pain. Contrasted-enhanced CT scanning of his neck revealed an absence of flow through the right internal jugular vein representing thrombosis, and moreover, an increase in wall thickness of the right internal jugular vein and enhancement of the surrounding tissue representing thrombophlebitis. Lung abscesses were also identified by a chest CT scan. Fusobacterium nucleatum was cultured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. He was diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome, and a good result was obtained by the administration of antibiotics. Physicians are encouraged to be aware of this syndrome when they manage patients complaining of neck pain and fever. ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304271 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 07:44:04 +0100 3304271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3299817&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl0662t7117710106%2F We examined the usefulness of this test for outpatient practices as well as for the association with bronchial asthma. Among 196 patients whose ImmunoCard showed positive, we targeted 57 cases in which we were able to perform this test multiple times. We evaluated the degree of inflammatory response in the laboratory findings at the time of the test, the period until negative seroconversion for antibodies, and the course of their pulmonary function findings. The number of days from the onset of pyrexia until the test was a median of 10 (range 2–70) days, wherein the inflammatory response did not have a significant effect on that number of days. In 35 cases in which we observed the seroconversion to negative for antibodies, the period of the positive phase was 180 (21–421) days, w... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3299817 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 06:34:00 +0100 3299817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3289455&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn6j741632034p051%2F We report herein on a case of CN-associated BOOP in an immunocompetent individual and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this entity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0039-7Authors Alexander T. Kessler, Northside-Cherokee Hospital Department of Medicine Canton GA USATamim Al Kharrat, Northside-Cherokee Hospital Department of Medicine Canton GA USAAthena P. Kourtis, Emory University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Atlanta GA USA Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3289455 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 17:55:19 +0100 3289455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277602&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6n4743523828v653%2F Abstract  An 80-year-old woman was admitted with dyspnea. She had been treated with oral prednisolone for bronchial asthma. She was intravenously treated with dexamethasone. On the 9th day, she presented oliguria and thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed as dehydration and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and was treated with hydration and heparin infusion. On the 12th day, she presented macroscopic hematuria and melena. Cystoscopy revealed hemorrhagic cystitis. Bone marrow aspiration showed hemophagocytosis. Serum antigen of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was positive. CD4+ T cell count was very low (40/μL). She was diagnosed as disseminated CMV infection, and was treated with gancyclovir and immunoglobulin infusion. On the 14th day, she died of pneumonia. This is the first r... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277602 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 18:00:35 +0100 3277602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277603&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm054245622218676%2F In conclusion, MRSA is still the main isolated pathogen of SSI after radical cystectomy and this clinical problem remains a challenge to urologists. Effective countermeasures are needed for MRSA bacteriuria involved in the development of SSI. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0032-1Authors Yuuki Kyoda, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanSatoshi Takahashi, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanKoh Takeyama, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W. 16, Chuo-ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanNaoya Masumori, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urolo... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277603 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 18:00:34 +0100 3277603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264465&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F612316p2407l7406%2F This study demonstrates the first isolation of the Taiwanese PVL-positive ST59 MRSA clone in Japan. The data also demonstrate novel subtypes in agr1 and seb and suggest that a combination of agr1a, seb1, and PVL could contribute to cellulitis (and its recurrence). Recently, a variety of PVL-positive MRSA clones are accumulating in Japan. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0029-9Authors Wataru Higuchi, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine Niigata JapanWei-Chun Hung, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine Niigata Jap... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264465 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 17:30:56 +0100 3264465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247962&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F06k568r1003vl365%2F Abstract   Serratia marcescens is an ubiquitous, saprophytic gram-negative bacillus that is associated with infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia and osteomyelitis. However, it has not been known to form granulomas. A 72-year-old man with a history of tricuspidal insufficiency, mitral insufficiency and ureterolithiasis presented with lumbago on the left side. He was admitted to our hospital, where abscess formation in the subcapsular space and perirenal fat space of the left kidney, and left renal calculi were identified by computed tomography of the abdomen. As infection and/or a tumor were suspected, nephrectomy was performed. The histopathological findings in the resected kidney indicated severe infiltration by inflammatory cells with lymphoid follicles in the interst... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247962 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 17:55:08 +0100 3247962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3247963&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl7127g5674254h68%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0027-yAuthors Ippei Miyata, Katayama Kids Clinic BB Plaza 2F, 4-2-7 Iwayanakamachi, Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-0845 JapanHajime Katayama, Katayama Kids Clinic BB Plaza 2F, 4-2-7 Iwayanakamachi, Nada-ku Kobe Hyogo 657-0845 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3247963 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 06:45:37 +0100 3247963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3241411&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq393575t25040181%2F In this study, cefepime demonstrated a high degree of clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of FN. Empiric monotherapy using cefepime is a recommended regimen for FN in patients with lung cancer in Japan. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0030-3Authors Masaki Fujita, Kyushu University Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka JapanHiroshi Ouchi, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital Department of Respiratory Medicine Kitakyushu JapanYuichi Inoue, Isahaya Health Insurance General Hospital Department of Respiratory Medicine Isahaya JapanIchiro Inoshima, Kyushu University Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka JapanTsukasa Ohshima, Kyushu Kosei-Nen... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3241411 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 17:54:05 +0100 3241411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3229143&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3158w7481g444041%2F In conclusion, meropenem is useful to treat bacterial meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes. This agent is indicated when ampicillin shows inadequate effect or if the patient has an allergy to ampicillin. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0014-3Authors Sadaya Matano, Tonami General Hospital Department of Hematology Tonami Toyama 939-1395 JapanShigehiko Satoh, Tonami General Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Tonami Toyama 939-1395 JapanYukari Harada, Tonami General Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Tonami Toyama 939-1395 JapanHajime Nagata, Tonami General Hospital Department of Clinical Laboratory Tonami Toyama 939-1395 JapanTatsuho Sugimoto, Tonami General Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Tonami Toyama 939-1395 Japan J... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3229143 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 12:16:46 +0100 3229143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224069&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl69657351l211137%2F Abstract  A 30-year-old Brazilian man hospitalized with AIDS developed a high-grade fever. Neither culture studies nor radiological examinations revealed the cause; small yet highly intense signals in the basal ganglia were detected upon gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head. This finding was equivocal at that time but obviously abnormal for his age. A week later, he developed a movement disorder in his right arm, speech apraxia, and a worsening disturbance of consciousness. Repeated Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MRI demonstrated incredible changes in the brain; enhanced lesions in the basal ganglia deteriorated over time, multiple nodular and ring-enhanced lesions were observed in almost the entire brain. A diagnosis of toxoplasma ence... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224069 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 18:00:35 +0100 3224069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224071&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx4751417050761j4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0028-xAuthors Parameswaran Anoop, Royal Marsden Hospital Department of Haematology Fulham Road London SW3 6JJ UKMiles Stanford, St Thomas’ Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Westminster Bridge Road London UKRadovan Saso, Royal Marsden Hospital Department of Haematology Fulham Road London SW3 6JJ UKClaire E. Dearden, Royal Marsden Hospital Department of Haematology Fulham Road London SW3 6JJ UK Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224071 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:29:24 +0100 3224071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224070&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff647412543q35r21%2F This study targeted news reports in major newspapers regarding an incident of mass nosocomial Serratia infection that occurred at one clinic. The trends in the total number of articles and total number of characters contained in the articles were congruent, with a peak on the day after the incident was disclosed and a rapid decrease thereafter. The numbers of articles and characters that appeared during the first 3 days corresponded to 45 and 51% of those that appeared during the entire study period. On day 9, it was published that Serratia liquefaciens propagated on medical instruments, and both the number of articles and the number of characters increased by approximately 40% in comparison to those published on the day after the initial report of the incident. The individual art... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224070 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:29:24 +0100 3224070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3206343&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk5741331xk0xm922%2F Abstract   Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Macrolide (ML) antibiotics are recognized generally as first-choice agents for M. pneumoniae infections, and these antibiotics were thought to have excellent effectiveness against M. pneumoniae for many years. In 2000, however, M. pneumoniae showing resistance to macrolides was isolated from clinical samples obtained from Japanese pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Since then, prevalence of ML-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates in pediatric patients has increased rapidly. In 2007, ML-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from Japanese adults with CAP; numbers of such isolates also have gradually increased ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3206343 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 10:10:03 +0100 3206343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3206342&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbr587u12102r8u0v%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to assess lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine production in the presence of linezolid (LZD) in comparison with the drug effect on the plasma endotoxin level. Peripheral venous whole-blood samples collected from five healthy subjects were stimulated with 10 μg/ml of LPS. LZD was then added to the LPS-stimulated blood samples at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 15 μg/ml, followed by incubation for 24 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2–95% air atmosphere. Supernatants of the resultant cultures were assayed to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and endotoxin. Significant decreases in the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were ob... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3206342 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 10:10:03 +0100 3206342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3206344&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F341182q560670232%2F Abstract  Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric secretion and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. Recently, LPZ has been used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastritis, which can be caused by Helicobacter pylori, due to its potent acid-suppressive effects. We focused the aim to the anti-inflammatory effects on the over-activation of neutrophils, and investigated the effects of LPZ on the signal transduction of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. LPZ slightly phosphorylated p38 MAPK of neutrophils at a concentration of 10 μg/ml, but did not phosphorylate extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Pretreatment of neutrophils with (1–5 μg/ml) LPZ strongly attenuated the phorbol-12-myristate-1... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3206344 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 10:10:02 +0100 3206344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3206345&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa38462pu26235u33%2F Abstract  The aims of this study were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for meropenem in Japanese pediatric patients, and to use this model to assess the pharmacodynamics of meropenem regimens against common bacterial populations. Pharmacokinetic data were pooled from nine separate studies (229 plasma samples and 61 urine samples from 40 infected children), modeled using the NONMEM program, and used for a pharmacodynamic simulation to estimate the probabilities of attaining the bactericidal target (40% of the time above the MIC for the bacterium). In the final population pharmacokinetic model, body weight (BW, kg) was the most significant covariate: Clr (l/h) = 0.254 × BW, Clnr (l/h) = 3.45, V c (l) = 0.272 × B... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3206345 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 10:10:01 +0100 3206345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3195450&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy675417k8v041760%2F Abstract  To clarify molecular changes in β-lactamase-nonproducing, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) Haemophilus influenzae, which is increasing in pediatric patients with acute otitis media (AOM) in Japan, we identified amino acid (aa) substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 3 for the BLNAR strains. Of 191 H. influenzae strains isolated from middle ear fluid of pediatric AOM patients between October 2005 and March 2008, BLNAR strains determined by PCR accounted for 49.2%. Of the BLNAR strains, 91.5% possessed 4 aa substitutions: Met377Ile, Ser385Thr, Leu389Phe, and either Asn526Lys or Arg517His. Additionally, the emergence of BLNAR strains possessing a new aa substitution of Val329Ala in the conserved aa motif of Ser327-Thr-Val-Lys, or Val511Ala adjacent to the conserved aa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3195450 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 06:44:54 +0100 3195450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191011&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc26m465777415577%2F Abstract  In Japan, the increasing incidence of β-lactum-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infections is of growing concern. We retrospectively studied whether the prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae was influenced by chronic lung diseases. H. influenzae isolates, obtained from patients who were diagnosed with acute or chronic bronchitis, or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in 2005, were studied. In addition to susceptibility testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of TEM-1 β-lactamase, and Asn526-Lys and Ser385-Thr amino acid substitutions in the ftsI gene encoding penicillin-binding protein-3 (PBP-3). The minimum inhibitory concentration values of β-lactams were found to be increased in... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191011 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 18:00:42 +0100 3191011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191010&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv820353026748v67%2F This study was a pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment analysis of meropenem in Japanese adult patients. Plasma drug concentration data (265 samples from 42 patients) were used for population PK modeling and Monte Carlo simulation to assess the probability of attaining the PK–PD target (40% of the time above the MIC for the bacterium). The final population PK model identified creatinine clearance (Clcr, ml/min) and body weight (BW, kg) as the most significant covariates: Cl (l/h) = 0.0905 × Clcr + 2.03, V c (l) = 0.199 × BW, Q (l/h) = 4.02, and V p (l) = 4.55, where Cl is the clearance, V c and V p are the volumes of distribution of the central and peripheral compartments, respectively,... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191010 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 18:00:42 +0100 3191010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191012&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5103385871w42732%2F Abstract  We aimed to evaluate the risk factors, including the hospital epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), for central venous line-associated and laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI and LC-BSI, respectively). The risk factors examined included the age and sex of patients, whether or not they were in the surgery service, the number of days of central line (CL) placement, the monthly number of inpatients and those positive for MRSA, and whether the standard or maximal barrier precautions were observed at CL insertion. As the outcome factors, we selected CLA-BSI and LC-BSI, while precluding repeated isolation within 28 days. Of a total of 22 723 device days in 927 patients with CL placement, we observed 81 CLA-BSIs and 40 L... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191012 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:43:01 +0100 3191012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3177382&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F27k7ph62p71404wl%2F Abstract  In Japan, infection with Yersinia enterocolitica of the pathogenic serobiogroup serotype O9 biotype 2 (O9/2) has rarely occurred, and familial outbreaks of Y. enterocolitica are also infrequently reported. We found a familial outbreak of Y. enterocolitica O9/2. Y. enterocolitica O9/2 was detected from stools collected from three persons in the same family. Two patients (an 11-month-old girl and her 68-year-old grandmother) contemporaneously suffered from enterocolitis, and the third person, a carrier (a 5-year-old girl), manifested no symptoms. This bacteria was not detected from other family members or from their pet hamster. All the bacteria obtained from the three people were genetically identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The infection route w... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3177382 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 17:53:59 +0100 3177382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3177383&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F966630x6g065115m%2F Abstract  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States recommend the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for treating the novel influenza A (H1N1) in patients requiring desirable antiviral agents. However, the efficacy and side effects of neuraminidase inhibitors in Japanese patients infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1) are not well known. It is worth reporting on the results of the administration of neuraminidase inhibitors in Japanese patients infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1), as it is believed the number of Japanese patients will increase in the future. We treated seven Japanese patients (five adults and two juveniles) infected with the novel influenza A (H1N1) with oseltamivir and zanamivir, and good clinical courses were obtained. Our... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3177383 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 17:53:58 +0100 3177383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3177386&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy43307j84g324u26%2F In this study we compared the efficacy of a theoretically optimized two-step infusion therapy (OTIT; rapid first-step infusion and slow second-step infusion) to the efficacies of prolonged infusion therapy (PIT) and traditional 0.5 h infusion therapy (TIT) with meropenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model and a Monte Carlo simulation. In the in vitro pharmacodynamic model, the bactericidal effect against P. aeruginosa was evaluated for 8 h, which is the usual dosing interval of meropenem. It was confirmed that the durability of the bactericidal effect of OTIT (0.25–1 g/0.5 h + 0.25–1 g/4 h t.i.d.) was almost equal to that of PIT and superior to that of TIT (0.5–2 g/0.5–4 h t.i.d.). In additio... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3177386 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 17:53:57 +0100 3177386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3177385&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F885648352528483k%2F Abstract  Recently, hospital-associated as well as community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a low level of resistance to oxacillin have emerged worldwide, and as a result, a highly sensitive method to detect MRSA has become more important. To prevent MRSA being overlooked, some selection agar media have recently been developed. We evaluated six commercially available selection agar media in regard to the detection of 35 borderline MRSA (BOMRSA) strains which were mecA-positive but showed low resistance to oxacillin. The MIC values of oxacillin differed between the broth dilution method and the agar dilution method, and 11 of the 35 BOMRSA strains were judged as sensitive by the broth dilution method and 14 of the 35 strains were j... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3177385 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 17:53:57 +0100 3177385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3177384&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq352k52p607k77j8%2F Abstract  A 79-year-old man consulted us because of left chest pain and fever ranging from 38.0 to 38.9°C. A chest computed tomography scan showed a mass lesion (φ40 mm) in the left lingular segment, and inflammatory markers were elevated. He was admitted with a diagnosis of lung abscess, and panipenem/betamipron was administered at a dose of 2 g/day, after which the symptoms showed slight transient resolution. However, his body temperature increased again, to more than 39.0°C, on the eighth day of hospitalization, and a chest radiograph suggested pleuritis as a complication. The antibiotics were changed to teicoplanin (TEIC; 400 mg/day) and meropenem (2.0 g/day). Thoracic drainage and pleural lavage were initiated at the same time. Lactobacillus spp. ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3177384 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 17:53:57 +0100 3177384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169182&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg5t247385xj59662%2F We report a patient, a 52-year-old man from Laos, who had come to Japan at 30 years of age, but had maintained a habit of eating raw freshwater crabs. The patient visited a physician for left chest pain in January 2007. Infiltration and mass-like shadows were noted in the left superior and inferior lobes on chest X-ray. Diagnosis could not be made by bronchial brushing, but eggs were present in sputum cytology 3 days after bronchoscopy. Therefore, paragonimiasis was diagnosed. The peripheral eosinophil count had increased to 2550/μl and the serum IgE level was elevated, at 71000 IU/ml. Multiple-dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific IgG antibodies in serum was positive for Paragonimus westermani and P. miyazakii. Paragonimiasis may have been caused ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169182 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 06:44:55 +0100 3169182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161213&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa4378703205k23nq%2F We examined the efficacy and safety of the Japanese purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (PCEC-K) when administered on days 0, 7, and 28, as recommended by the WHO. Post-vaccination serum samples were obtained from 53 human subjects, and rabies antibody titers were determined by a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody (NA) assay. By day 42 of the experiment, which was 2 weeks after the third dose, all subjects had developed NA titers of 0.5 IU/ml or higher. The geometric mean titers of ELISA antibody and NA were 3.8 EU/ml and 5.7 IU/ml, respectively. Overall, the vaccine was well tolerated by all subjects. These results suggest that PCEC-K used for pre-exposure immunization according to the WHO schedule is as immun... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161213 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:39:13 +0100 3161213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161214&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0x8v0126784t08p7%2F The objective of this study was to screen a large number of drug combinations in order to evaluate the activity of classical and new potentially useful antibiotics against M. fortuitum. Twenty M. fortuitum clinical isolates were studied with 51 combinations of two drugs and 47 combinations of three drugs belonging to different families: fluoroquinolones, linezolid, macrolides, rifamycins, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems. Activity was determined in Mueller Hinton broth by seeing whether the cultures were negative after 4 days of incubation with the combination of antibiotics. The most active drugs were moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, which were active against 15 of the 20 strains studied, followed by amikacin (14 of the 20). The combinations of gatifloxacin with rifampicin or rifa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161214 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:39:02 +0100 3161214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154704&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F033604357n63004p%2F Abstract  Ecthyma gangrenosum, presenting as embolic lesions caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, has distinct pathognomonic features and a high mortality rate in patients with bacteremia, but when recognized early is easily treated. In this case report we describe this disseminated infection in an adult patient treated with chemotherapy for an astrocytoma. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0017-0Authors Filip Yves Francine Léon De Vos, Erasmus University Department of Medical Oncology, Daniel den Hoed Center Groene Hilledijk 301 3075 EA Rotterdam The NetherlandsTom Alexander Middelburg, Erasmus University Department of Dermatology, Daniel den Hoed Center Rotterdam The NetherlandsCaroline Seynaeve, Erasmus University Department ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154704 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 18:05:30 +0100 3154704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154705&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy7106k2nl0548410%2F We report a 46-year-old male patient who was admitted to hospital with a history of weight loss, combined with hemoptysis, fever, cough, sputum, general malaise, and night sweats. Physical examination revealed a body temperature of 38.8°C, and petechiae distributed over the lower extremities. Laboratory findings were as follows: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 84 mm/h; white blood cells, 7070/mm3; hemoglobin, 11.7 g/dl; and platelet count, 4000/mm3. On Ziehl-Neelsen stain of sputum, acid-fast bacilli were observed. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was started, together with prednisolone, 0.5 mg/kg per day, from the day of admission. He was treated successfully with the steroid and antituberculous drugs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154705 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 18:05:29 +0100 3154705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154706&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F75r26833g04k8455%2F Abstract  The effects of nine probiotic strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus on the growth, adhesion activity, and biofilm formation of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) were examined. The culture supernatant of the E. faecium strain, with or without pH adjustment to a neutral pH, had a strong bactericidal effect on EAggEC, including induction of membrane damage and cell lysis. Supernatants of the L. casei ss. casei and L. casei ss. rhamnosus strains also had a bactericidal effect on EAggEC, but this activity was abolished by pH adjustment to a neutral pH. No inhibitory effect of the culture supernatants of Bifidobacterium or E. faecalis strains was detected. Adhesion of EAggEC to intestinal epithelial cells was not inhibited by the bacterial st... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154706 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 18:05:26 +0100 3154706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154708&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv01r3110w0222304%2F We present a case of tuberculous pleuritis with knee-joint involvement. Cytological and biochemical analysis of the pleural fluid and a biopsy specimen of the cervical lymph node indicated tuberculosis, but a definitive diagnosis was not given. A confirmed diagnosis was finally obtained through PCR analysis of the synovial fluid. Tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with persistent pain and swelling of the knee. PCR analysis of the synovial fluid is a quick and useful method for the diagnosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0010-7Authors Nobukazu Fujimoto, Okayama Rosai Hospital Department of Occupational Respiratory Diseases 1-10-25 Chikkomidorimachi Okayama 7028055 JapanKenichi Gemba, Okayama Rosai Hos... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154708 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:00:00 +0100 3154708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154707&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm422513507329021%2F Abstract  The number of patients with severe invasive infections (mainly exhibiting bacteremia) with Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) has been increasing worldwide. We herein report the clinical aspects of invasive infections (cellulitis, pneumonia, and urosepsis) occurring with SDSE in 13 elderly patients (mean age 84 years, range 69–99 years) diagnosed at a hospital for elderly individuals during the period January 2005–June 2009. Ten subjects had underlying diseases, including neurologic disorders, diabetes mellitus, and others. Eleven patients presented to the hospital emergency department, and the most common symptom was high fever or respiratory distress. Primary care and emergency department doctors treating elderly patients with high ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154707 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:00:00 +0100 3154707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086716&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu670221294p6k2r2%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between procalcitonin and the severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia. The subjects were 162 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (disease severity, mild, 39 patients; moderate, 81 patients; severe, 37 patients; and super severe, 5 patients) in whom we examined the serum procalcitonin concentration at the start of treatment; we determined the relationship of procalcitonin status with disease severity and prognosis. The results showed that procalcitonin was positive in 12.8% of the patients with mild disease, 27.1% of the patients with moderate disease, 59.5% of the patients with severe disease, and 80.0% of the patients with super severe disease. The mortality of procalcitonin-positive ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086716 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:54 +0100 3086716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086718&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft12x217059t2u631%2F We report a 54-year-old male patient with an infection caused by linezolid-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated after long-term, repeated use of linezolid. Five MRSA strains isolated from our patient were preserved and submitted to bacteriological analysis. All five of these strains were found to have identical genotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Two strains isolated in the early hospital period were sensitive to linezolid, while three isolated in the late hospital period were resistant. These three strains that had acquired resistance to linezolid were found to have a G2576T point mutation in the 23SrRNA domain V. Linezolid-resistant MRSA is rare, but may occur with the long-term, repeated administration of linezolid. Content Type Journ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086718 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:53 +0100 3086718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086717&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb46kr6727t643h28%2F Abstract  We evaluated the β-lactamase-producing ability and resistance to 20 antibacterial agents of 448 clinically isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae accumulated from October 2000 to July 2001 (phase 1) and of 376 different strains accumulated from January to June 2004 (phase 2), from institutions that participated in a nationwide Drug-Resistant Pathogen Surveillance Group in Pediatric Infectious Disease. Between phase 1 and phase 2 the proportion of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin (ABPC)-susceptible (BLNAS) strains declined from 62.9% to 34.3%; the proportions of β-lactamase-positive ABPC-resistant (BLPAR) strains were 8.3% and 6.4% in phases 1 and 2, but the proportion of β-lactamase-negative ABPC-resistant (BLNAR) strains increased from 28.8% in phase 1 to ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086717 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:53 +0100 3086717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086719&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj0q34758p4141204%2F Abstract  Nosocomial infection control is crucial for improving the quality of medical care. It is also indispensable for implementing effective control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the possible occurrence of a human influenza pandemic. The present authors, in collaboration with Vietnamese hospital staff, performed a fact-finding survey of nosocomial infection control in hospitals in northern Vietnam and compared the results with those of a survey conducted 4 years previously. Remarkable improvement was recognized in this period, although there were considerable differences between the central hospitals in Hanoi and local hospitals. In the local hospitals, basic techniques and the systems for infection control were regarded as insufficient, and ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086719 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:52 +0100 3086719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086720&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2233282251107282%2F Abstract  The outer membrane porin protein, OmpF, is widely found in gram-negative bacteria. It is known that the decreased expression of OmpF causes resistance to multiple antibiotics, including quinolones. In order to characterize the influence of decreased OmpF expression on bacterial growth, the fitness of the ompF and gyrA mutant strain of Escherichia coli selected experimentally with quinolone was compared with that of the parent strain. The expression levels of ompF in clinical isolates and the mutant selected with quinolone were determined by real-time PCR. The bacterial growth of the experimentally selected mutants was also measured both in vitro and in a urinary tract infection model in mice. Decreased ompF phenotypes were frequently found in clinical isolates that ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086720 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:51 +0100 3086720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086722&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq11t859353339130%2F Abstract  Lansoprazole (LPZ) has anti-inflammatory activity and repairs cells damaged by phagocytic cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of LPZ on gene expression, especially that of immunomodulator genes, in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Several concentrations of LPZ (final concentrations, 0–10 µg/ml) were added to the PMNs (1 × 106 cells/ml), which were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) and incubated at 37°C for 1 or 3 h. When LPS-stimulated PMNs were treated with LPZ at ≥5.0 µg/ml for 1 h, mRNA expression levels of CXCR1/2 and TNFα were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. The gene expression level of CD14 was also downregulated by LPZ at ≥0.1 µg/ml, with expression suppressed to 50% by 10 µg/... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086722 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:50 +0100 3086722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086721&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq57616j240811501%2F Abstract  To determine the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in the pharynges of Japanese female sex workers practicing fellatio on their clients, vaginal swabs and throat washings were collected from 403 female sex workers attending a clinic in Kyoto, Japan, for regular screening of gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in vaginal and throat specimens were tested by nucleic acid amplification tests. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum in the genitals was 1.7%, 7.2%, 1.7%, 19.6%, 40.4%, and 10.2%, respectively, whereas their prevalence in the pharynges was 4.... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086721 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:50 +0100 3086721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086723&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8486032k65n2121v%2F Abstract  The Study Group on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pathogens Isolated from Respiratory Infections was established in 1981 in Japan to elucidate trends in such susceptibilities in patients with infectious respiratory diseases; the Group has conducted nationwide research in collaboration with 21 medical institutions. Examination of more than 10 000 patients by 2005 allowed a summary of study findings. Streptococcus pneumoniae started to become resistant to penicillin G in the 1990s, and the isolation rate of penicillin-intermediate and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP + PRSP) reached almost 60% in 2001. The proportion of PRSP also increased, reaching 19.4%. Thereafter, the rate of PISP + PRSP decreased somewhat to the mid-30% range. Macrolide resistance was a... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086723 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:49 +0100 3086723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086725&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp686857174040087%2F Abstract  In recent years, the increased prevalence of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MR-M. pneumoniae) has become a significant issue in Japan. We isolated 94 strains of M. pneumoniae, and determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of macrolides and other antimicrobial agents for these strains. We also performed a comparative clinical evaluation of macrolide efficacy for cases of MR-M. pneumoniae infections and cases of macrolide-sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections (MS-M. pneumoniae). Of the 94 isolates of M. pneumoniae, 64 (68.1%) were classified as MS-M. pneumoniae and 30 (31.9%) as MR-M. pneumoniae strains. The clinical study included an assessment of 47 pediatric cases of MS-M. pneumoniae and 22 pediatric cases of MR-M. pneumoniae. The patien... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086725 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:48 +0100 3086725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086724&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy51486gx0xtq2052%2F Abstract  Two hundred and seventy-two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients with invasive and noninvasive infections in Japan were evaluated for the prevalence of fibronectin-binding protein genes (prtF1 and prtF2). The possible associations of the genes with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes, macrolide resistance genes, and emm types were also evaluated. Overall, about 50% of S. pyogenes isolates carried fibronectin-binding protein genes. The prevalence of the prtF1 gene was significantly higher among isolates from noninvasive infections (71.4%) than among isolates from invasive infections (30.8%; P = 0.0037). Strains possessing both the prtF1 and prtF2 genes were more likely to be isolates from noninvasive infections than isolates from invasive infecti... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086724 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:48 +0100 3086724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086726&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7712gx11n5r48417%2F This study examined the pharmacokinetics of arbekacin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and assessed the pharmacodynamics to consider arbekacin dosage adaptation in CVVHDF. Arbekacin was administered by 0.5-h infusion once daily, using a polymethyl methacrylate membrane hemofilter, to three critically ill patients undergoing CVVHDF; the flow rates were 0.8 l/h for the filtrate and 0.6 l/h for the dialysate. The drug concentrations in plasma and in the filtrate-dialysate were determined using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay and analyzed pharmacokinetically. The average sieving coefficient of arbekacin was 0.739 and the average drug clearance by CVVHDF was 1.03 l/h. A pharmacokinetic model with three compartments (1, central; 2, peripheral; 3, filtrate-dia... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086726 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:47 +0100 3086726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086728&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F607862323508t874%2F Abstract  We evaluated the resistance to 20 different antibacterial agents of 362 clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae accumulated from October 2000 to July 2001 (phase 1) and of 332 different strains accumulated from January to June 2004 (phase 2), from institutions throughout Japan that participated in the surveys carried out by the Drug-Resistant Pathogen Surveillance Group in Pediatric Infectious Disease. In phase 1, the proportions of penicillin-sensitive S. pneumoniae (PSSP), penicillin-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PISP), and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) were 35.4%, 34.8%, and 29.8%, respectively, and the proportions were almost the same in phase 2: 33.1%, 37.0%, and 29.8%, respectively. Comparison of the MIC90 values of the antibacterial ag... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086728 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:46 +0100 3086728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086727&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe21n312010000r27%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical relevance of carbapenem and third-generation cephalosporin treatment for febrile complicated pyelonephritis, which often leads to urosepsis. Parenteral antimicrobial treatment with a carbapenem or third-generation cephalosporin was administered to febrile patients and the treatment was switched to oral antimicrobial agents after they became afebrile. In principle, the duration of the course of antimicrobial chemotherapy was limited to a total of 14 days. Clinically, the success rates were 97.3% in the carbapenem group and 96.0% in the third-generation cephalosporin group. For microbiological efficacy, the success rates were 89.2% in the carbapenem group and 92.0% in the third-generation cephalosporin group. The... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086727 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:46 +0100 3086727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086729&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmh5pp161rtjt3uur%2F We describe here a young adult male patient who presented with marked pyrexia and a retroperitoneal abscess without relevant medical histories, illustrating that CSD can be a diagnostic challenge on selected occasions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0725-5Authors Takeharu Koga, Asakura Medical Association Hospital 422-1 Raiha Asakura, Fukuoka 838-0069 JapanJun Taguchi, Asakura Medical Association Hospital 422-1 Raiha Asakura, Fukuoka 838-0069 JapanMinoru Suzuki, Asakura Medical Association Hospital 422-1 Raiha Asakura, Fukuoka 838-0069 JapanYoshiteru Higa, Asakura Medical Association Hospital 422-1 Raiha Asakura, Fukuoka 838-0069 JapanTomoko Kamimura, Asakura Medical Association Hospital 422-1 Raiha Asakura, Fukuoka 838-0069 JapanMunetsugu Nish... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086729 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:44 +0100 3086729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086731&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl680r4102j155v21%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0742-4 Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 6 / December, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086731 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:43 +0100 3086731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3086730&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv51152q474330308%2F Abstract  During the period 2002–2008, at the National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 28 Micrococcus luteus isolates and one Kocuria spp. isolate were obtained from blood cultures of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients who were receiving continuous infusion therapy with epoprostenol. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of the isolates were unrelated, suggesting that the infections had multiple origins. The preparation of epoprostenol solution by patients themselves was thought to be a risk factor. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0720-xAuthors Yoshinori Hirata, National Cardiovascular Center Department of Clinical Laboratory 5-7-1 Fujishirodai Suita, Osaka 565-8565 JapanMakoto Sata, National Cardiovascular Center Office of Infection C... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3086730 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:51:43 +0100 3086730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932598&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7121887472v17243%2F Abstract  Two ampicillin-susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae were found to carry blaTEM genes. In one strain ampicillin susceptibility was explained by poor expression of a functional TEM-1 enzyme from a putative weak promoter created by a mutation in the promoter region of the gene, and in the other by production of an inactive mutant TEM enzyme. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0700-1Authors Stephen G. Tristram, University of Tasmania School of Human Life Sciences Newnham Drive Launceston Tasmania 7250 Australia Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 5 / October, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherap... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932598 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:05 +0100 2932598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932601&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw224753365213q32%2F We report a previously healthy 14-month-old boy who developed community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. He had no history of immunodeficiency, and was brought to Konan Kosei Hospital with a high fever and vomiting. His consciousness was clear, but neck stiffness was noted. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed a cell count of 10 112/µl; protein, 216 mg/dl; and glucose, 9 mg/dl. A CSF test kit for bacterial capsular antigens (Pastorex Meningitis; Bio-Rad Laboratories) was positive for Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen. On day 3 of admission, the microorganism isolated by CSF culture was identified as A. baumannii. Therefore, his treatment was changed to meropenem hydrate from the initial therapy with panipenem/betamipron and ceftriaxone sodium hydrate. ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932601 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:04 +0100 2932601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932600&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe0l6628u8387071q%2F Abstract  There are limited data on the efficacy of alternative regimens for treating patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We compared the efficacy of clindamycin-primaquine (C-P) with that of pentamidine as a secondline treatment for PCP. Among 91 patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as a first-line treatment for PCP, 31 (34%) did not respond and 7 (8%) had adverse reactions. Fourteen patients received C-P and 9 received pentamidine as a second-line regimen because of treatment failure or an adverse reaction to TMP-SMX. The response rate of patients to C-P was higher than the response rate to pentamidine (9/14; 64% vs 1/9; 11%; P = 0.03). Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0710-zAuthors Tark Kim, Asan Medical Ce... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932600 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:04 +0100 2932600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932599&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn6214207g513m884%2F Abstract  After the recovery of pneumocystis pneumonia, amebiasis, and cytomegalovirus duodenal ulcer in a patient with AIDS, antiretroviral therapy was initiated. Fever was first noted on the 11th day of administration of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and chest radiography showed infiltration into the right lower lobe of the lung on the 19th day. Bronchoscopy was performed, with a tentative diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, but Mycobacterium kansasii was eventually identified. M. kansasii may also be a pathogenic organism causing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0711-yAuthors Michiko Ito, Shinshu University Hospital Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Mat... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932599 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:04 +0100 2932599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932602&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmum4j4m81254544v%2F Abstract  Group A streptococcus-associated severe invasive infection (streptococcal toxic shock syndrome) has been described. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome occurs when the infecting strain of group A streptococcus produces superantigens. Confusion and combativeness are well known as the common symptoms of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. We encountered a child who suffered from pyogenic sacroiliitis, with confusion and combativeness. Group A streptococcus was isolated from the patient’s blood culture. However, his disease did not fulfill the criteria of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Pyogenic sacroiliitis in children is rare, but patients with pyogenic sacroiliitis due to group A streptococcus infection could show confusion and combativeness as clinical signs... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932602 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:03 +0100 2932602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932603&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvn7705q7u611122q%2F Abstract  A 6-year old girl was admitted to our hospital with high fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. At 5 years of age she had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation because of intractable congenital pure red cell aplasia, after which she had asymptomatic cholelithiasis. Imaging studies and laboratory findings on admission suggested acute cholecystitis with a gallstone. The patient recovered completely after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and was discharged on day 7 after the operation. Haemophilus influenzae grew on the aspirated purulent bile. It should be noted that H. influenzae can cause cholecystitis in children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0705-9Authors Tadashi Matsubayashi, Seirei Hamam... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932603 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:01 +0100 2932603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932605&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu040u2nj585l7x80%2F Abstract  We evaluated the response to the QuantiFERON TB-2G (QFT-2G) test in patients with healed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) compared to the response in those with active pulmonary TB. The subjects were 208 patients with healed pulmonary TB and 155 patients with active pulmonary TB. The QFT-2G test results were analyzed by stratifying them into 5- or 10-year periods after the completion of antituberculosis treatment. Of the 208 patients with healed pulmonary TB, 63% had a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and 34% had a positive QFT-2G test result. There was no significant difference in the positive response rate for the QFT-2G test, or in the positive test result rate for only the early secretory antigenin target 6-kD protein (ESAT-6) antigen, only the culture filtrate ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932605 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:00 +0100 2932605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932604&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fchq3523465847558%2F Abstract  Nontyphoid Salmonella strains are important pathogens commonly found worldwide, typically causing gastrointestinal illness. Here, we report a case of a 66-yearold man with an abdominal aortic infected (or so-called mycotic) aneurysm caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). He had multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis: age over 60, a long history of smoking, an 8-year history of diabetes mellitus, and a 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dose corticosteroids. Although he had presented with no episode of diarrhea or abdominal pain, the abdominal aortic infected aneurysm was diagnosed by blood cultures and was carefully followed up by computed tomography. An abdominal aneurysmectomy and autogenous in ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932604 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:58:00 +0100 2932604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932608&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fan68167607176l86%2F Abstract  It is well established that diffuse interstitial shadows are observed in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers. However, the pathological pattern of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) has rarely been reported. Here, we describe the clinical features of four patients with histologically proven NSIP and HTLV-1 infection. The patients, one woman and three men, had a median age of 59.5 years. High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs was performed in all patients, and no apparent honeycomb formations were detected. The present study demonstrates that the NSIP pattern is a significant pathological classification of interstitial pneumonia associated with HTLV-1 carriers. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932608 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:59 +0100 2932608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932607&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj525m58666073876%2F In conclusion, the present study substantiates the view that vancomycin ointment has a potent inhibitory effect upon the manifestations of MRSA keratitis, and indicates that a 0.3% concentration is necessary for effective treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0708-6Authors Hiroshi Eguchi, University of Tokushima Graduate School Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima Tokushima 770-8503 JapanHiroshi Shiota, University of Tokushima Graduate School Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima Tokushima 770-8503 JapanSusumu Oguro, Toa Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. Toyama JapanToshio Kasama, Toa Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. Toyama Japan Journa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932607 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:59 +0100 2932607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932606&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F38548666770g9422%2F This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic features of levofloxacin (LVFX) in Chinese patients with infections and to confirm oral LVFX 500 mg once daily as an optimal treatment regimen based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analysis. A total of 1052 plasma samples from 164 Chinese adult patients with communityacquired lower respiratory tract infections (CALRTIs) and 18 healthy volunteers were used for population PK analysis. LVFX 500-mg tablets were given once daily. A nonlinear mixed effects model (NONMEM) program was used for population PK model-building and a two-compartment model with first-order absorption process was established. Creatinine clearance (CLcr) and body weight were identified as intrinsic factors which significantly affected oral clearance (CLt/F) an... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932606 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:59 +0100 2932606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932609&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr4l3067221572561%2F Abstract  It was reported that some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) show resistance to vancomycin (VCM) and β-lactam antibiotics; thus, they are termed β-lactam antibiotic-induced VCM-resistant MRSA (BIVR). The VCM resistance of MRSA is induced by the administration of β-lactam antibiotics, but this phenomenon can be difficult to detect in the clinical laboratory. We detected the BIVR strain in a 64-year-old man who had had a ventilator tube inserted directly into the windpipe during long-term VCM therapy. The patient was diagnosed with MRSA pneumonia and septicemia on July 5, 2007, and sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was administered for 5 days. However, the fever recurred, and administration of VCM was resumed for 7 days from July 19. Fever developed ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932609 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:58 +0100 2932609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932610&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9044273kxr606766%2F This study concluded that the dosage regimen of LVFX 500 mg once daily was effective and tolerable for the treatment of LRTIs and UTIs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0713-9Authors Ying-yuan Zhang, Fudan University Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Lu Shanghai 200040 ChinaHai-hui Huang, Fudan University Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Lu Shanghai 200040 ChinaZhen-yi Ren, First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Department of Respiratory Medicine Hangzhou ChinaHong-guang Zheng, The Military General Hospital of Shenyang Department of Nephrology Shenyang ChinaYun-song Yu, Zhejiang University Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital Hangzhou ChinaXiao-ju Lü, Sichuan University Depa... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932610 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:57 +0100 2932610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932611&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1720580p81357h60%2F We report a 48-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy followed by proton beam therapy. The HCC lesion in this patient was 88 mm in diameter, with portal vein tumor thrombosis in the right lobe of the liver. He was first treated with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and isovorin, administered by HAI, combined with interferon-α, and he was subsequently treated with epirubicin and mitomycin-C administered by HAI. However, no definite efficacy of either of these treatments was observed. Then, after 3 weeks’ continuous administration of irinotecan by HAI, the tumor size decreased to 68 mm in diameter. However, 3 months after reduction of the tumor, the tumor had become enlarged to 100 mm in diameter and intrahepatic metastas... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932611 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:56 +0100 2932611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932612&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpl012073x3461203%2F Abstract  S-1 is an oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer agent and has shown promising effects in the treatment of a wide range of carcinomas, including head and neck cancer. In addition to being used as adjuvant chemotherapy, S-1 is a promising agent for palliative treatment. Its ease of administration makes it an ideal drug to treat patients in the outpatient setting while maintaining adequate quality of life. However, the clinical role of S-1 in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer is still uncertain. We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer who received S-1 monotherapy. Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 3 patients with non-SCC who had recurrent/metastatic disease received S-1 monoth... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932612 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:54 +0100 2932612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932613&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx2k7450q33711733%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AnnouncementDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0736-2 Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 5 / October, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932613 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:53 +0100 2932613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714109&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fah4r111985211562%2F Abstract  In June 2007, a questionnaire survey related to the surveillance, recognition, and reporting of Tsutsugamushi disease (TD) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF) — diseases considered endemic in Miyazaki Prefecture — was distributed to general practice clinics in the prefecture. The response rate was 40.9% (232/567). While 75.5% of the responding clinics knew TD to be a notifiable disease, only 41.8% knew JSF was notifiable. The recognition level of JSF surveillance was lower in the low-incidence areas of JSF within Miyazaki Prefecture. In 2006, 25 cases were clinically suspected as TD by the responding clinics; of the 25 cases, 9 were confirmed and 8 of these were reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID). Only 1 of 6 clin... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714109 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:18 +0100 2714109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714111&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr830j571356205rj%2F Abstract  We investigated the genetic properties of two carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from a regional hospital in the north of Thailand. Both isolates demonstrated high-level resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. Detection of the MBL genes was positive for bla IMP in both isolates. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the two P. aeruginosa isolates were nonclonal. Molecular analysis of the bla IMP in isolate 837 showed the presence of a bla IMP-1 gene inserted in a class 1 integron. The bla IMP-1 was plasmid-mediated according to the transformation assay. This is the first case of the bla IMP-1 gene in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in Thailand, suggesting the further dissemination of thi... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714111 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:17 +0100 2714111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714110&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F28w474xw0756877t%2F Abstract  Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been recommending the performance of active surveillance culture (ASC) for the prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and their control since the guideline was issued in 2006, many variant types of MRSA with various characteristics have been found recently. As this change in MRSA characteristics makes it harder to screen MRSA only by cultures, it is expected that ASC will not be sufficient for the prevention of MRSA infections or MRSA infection control. We evaluated the comparative utility of the BD GeneOhm MRSA assay (a rapid MRSA detection test based on a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay; Becton Dickinson, Fukushima, Japan) and MRSA scre... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714110 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:17 +0100 2714110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714112&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F914v4g31p01g67r4%2F We report a Japanese case of septic pyogenic liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae genetic serotype K1. A 60-year old man presented at our hospital in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest. From the patient’s chief complaint of chest pain, we suspected acute coronary syndrome, i.e., acute myocardial infarction. We used extracorporeal circulation and checked coronary angiography, but the 75% stenosis by itself could not adequately account for the patient’s critical condition. The patient’s laboratory data indicated multiple organ failure. The patient’s condition did not improve while in intensive care and he died 20 h after the onset of the cardiopulmonary arrest. Pathological autopsy later showed colliquative necrosis in the deltoid and left greater pectoral muscles, as well as l... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714112 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:16 +0100 2714112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714113&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg674307j481778n1%2F Abstract  The incidence rates of fungemia caused by Candida guilliermondii have been increasing over the past several years. Although still relatively rare (1.3% of all cases of fungemia in Japan), most cases of C. guilliermondii fungemia occur in patients with cancer or hematological malignancy and their mortality rate is high. As C. guilliermondii tends to be resistant to various antifungal agents, early identification of this pathogen and treatment with an appropriate antifungal agent are required to improve survival rates in these patients. However, it is extremely difficult to differentiate C. guilliermondii (Pichia guilliermondii) from members of the C. famata complex. To date, identification based on DNA sequencing has been the only reliable method for the identificatio... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714113 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:15 +0100 2714113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714115&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyh956360u2v77n34%2F Abstract  An 81-year-old woman with no underlying systemic illness was hospitalized with fever, muscle weakness, and sputum without cough for 2 days. Chest imaging showed consolidation in the left lower lobe. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for six respiratory bacteria and 12 respiratory viruses performed on sputum obtained on admission showed Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA, with no evidence of other pathogens. M. pneumoniae was confirmed to be the causative agent by serologic data. Variation of mycoplasma quantity in subsequent sputa was analyzed because of persistent sputum production despite treatment with minocycline. Mycoplasma DNA gradually decreased, becoming undetectable 1 week after the completion of 2 weeks of minocycline therapy. Two weeks after the completion... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714115 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:14 +0100 2714115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714114&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F02g72142pq866551%2F In conclusion, MCFG had high clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of deep-seated fungal infections in surgery, emergency, and intensive-care medicine, indicating good potential as a firstline drug for both targeted and empirical therapies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0689-5Authors Naoki Aikawa, Keio University School of Medicine Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 JapanShinya Kusachi, Toho University School of Medicine Third Department of Surgery Tokyo JapanShigeto Oda, Chiba University Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba JapanYoshio Takesue, Hyogo College of Medicine Department of Infection Control and Prevention Hyogo JapanHideharu... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714114 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:14 +0100 2714114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714116&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F75782461747103m2%2F Abstract  We investigated the aqueous humor concentration of topically applied gatifloxacin (GFLX) 0.3% and moxifloxacin (MFLX) 0.5% in a rabbit model of surgical and nonsurgical eyes. Topical administration in eyes was performed eight times, at 15-min intervals. Surgical eyes had undergone cataract surgery with the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). Aqueous humor was sampled at 5, 30, and 120 min after drug administration. Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The GFLX concentrations in surgical eyes at 5, 30, and 120 min post-administration were 12.1, 14.0, and 6.1 g/ml, and those in nonsurgical eyes were 11.3, 11.5, and 7.1 g/ml; there were no differences between surgical and nonsurgical eyes. The concentrations of ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714116 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:13 +0100 2714116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714117&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx76876683235h488%2F Abstract  The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inhibitory titer (CSF-IT) of an antibiotic, which can be used to estimate the duration of time above the agent’s MIC in the CSF, was introduced as one of the indices to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic selection in treating bacterial meningitis. The CSF-IT was determined via a microdilution method. A suspension of the causative organism was added to a tube containing twofold diluted CSF and double-concentrated Mueller-Hinton broth with supplement. The CSF-IT was determined by the maximum point without turbidity of medium after overnight incubation at 37°C. Concerning the strain of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (BLNAR), the killing rates of both meropenem and piperacillin were compared in a... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714117 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:12 +0100 2714117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714118&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F673l61442167471g%2F Abstract  Group A streptococcal pharyngitis of is a common infectious disease with a well-recognized clinical pattern, as opposed to that attributed to group C assault. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features of group C streptococcal pharyngitis in children. In total, 144 children participated in the study, consisting of three distinct categories. Group I patients consisted of children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis, group II patients included children with group C streptococcal pharyngitis,, while children with pharyngitis with no isolated causative agent constituted group III patients. With the exception of sore throat, which was three times more common in group I patients compared to group II patients, there were no other differences in sympto... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714118 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:11 +0100 2714118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714121&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv40704j5107hw700%2F Abstract  We studied the convulsant activity of sitafloxacin, a newly developed quinolone, and its interaction with anti-inflammatory drugs in mice. Intraventricular injections of sitafloxacin and levofloxacin induced convulsions dose-dependently in the mice. The value of the effective dose for producing convulsions in 50% of the mice (ED50) of sitafloxacin was 50.6 nmol/head, whereas that of levofloxacin was 76.7 nmol/head. The convulsant activity of these quinolones was not affected by concurrent administration with anti-inflammatory drugs. From these results obtained in a mouse model, it is suggested that sitafloxacin has weak convulsant activity and that the convulsant activity of sitafloxacin is not enhanced when it is administered with anti-inflammatory drugs. Conte... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714121 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:10 +0100 2714121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714120&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5281533017w00642%2F Abstract  A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue. Serum sodium was 116 mEq/l and serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was elevated. Radiologic examination revealed nodules in the brain as well as in both adrenal glands. Based on the findings of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), we had considered that the cause of the hyponatremia was syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) due to active extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Against our expectations, the patient’s condition got worse just after he began antituberculous therapy; we finally diagnosed Addison’s disease by additional hormonal tests. His condition recovered immediately with the administration of high-dose hydrocortisone,... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714120 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:10 +0100 2714120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2714119&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5lr297p6q7781165%2F We report a 28-year-old Japanese woman with PLE. She had been diagnosed with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection at age 26. Although highly active antiretroviral and antimycobacterial treatments helped her overcome this critical situation, 2 years after initiation of the treatments, she was readmitted to our hospital because of hypoalbuminemia and edema of the lower extremities, and she was diagnosed, by the use of double-balloon enteroscopy, with PLE due to intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL). The etiology was thought to be obstruction of the mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphatic drainage systems by MAC lymphadenitis. Even with intensive antimycobacterial treatment, octreotide treatment as a long-acting somatostatin analogue, and a low-fat diet enriched... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2714119 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 19:00:10 +0100 2714119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549658&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv4t2l50187nkr810%2F Abstract  The specificity of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection is seriously compromised because of extensive use of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. The interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), a new diagnostic using Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens has been introduced in response to these needs. In this review, published findings on the performance of the QuantiFERON-TB (QFT), one of the IGRA formats, are summarized and discussed. In addition to its high specificity, the QFT has considerably high sensitivity, comparable with or superior to that of the TST, if applied to patients with active tuberculosis as a surrogate of latent tuberculosis infection. When applied to patients with immunosuppression, such as ag... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549658 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:55 +0100 2549658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549659&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc770632w54163335%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0663-7Authors Stefano Zeminian, Marzana Hospital Rehabilitative Pneumology ULSS20, Piazzale Lambranzi 1 37134 Verona Italy Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549659 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:53 +0100 2549659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549660&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu3w0gx4080572958%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0688-6Authors Toshimori Yamaoka, Ageo Central General Hospital Deparment of Internal Medicine 1-10-10 Kashiwaza Ageo, Saitama 362-8588 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549660 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:50 +0100 2549660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549661&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb22kh6728085k1m2%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0676-xAuthors Antonio Manzelli, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome ItalyPasquale Sordillo, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome ItalyPiero Rossi, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome ItalyGiuseppe Petrella, Via Vestricio Spurinna 147 C 34 00175 Rome Italy Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549661 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:46 +0100 2549661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549662&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft73l62317714512g%2F Abstract  Febrile neutropenia (FN) can frequently become a very serious problem. In 2002, Klastersky and colleagues established the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score, which consisted of risk factors for conditions that included solid tumors. However, hematopoietic tumors, in comparison to solid tumors, are plagued by such problems as the quantity and quality of abnormalities associated with leukocytes and neutrophils and the requirement for higher dosages of both radio- and chemotherapy. FN is a complication associated with hematological malignancies that can lead to a fatal outcome, but it is avoidable if the appropriate preventive treatment is performed at an early stage. The subjects of the present study consisted of 354 patients with ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549662 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:45 +0100 2549662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549663&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa57x17h921303t23%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0641-0Authors Devdatta Suhas Neogi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics New Delhi India 110029Chandra Shekhar Yadav, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Orthopaedics New Delhi India 110029Phani Madhuri Vonnum, Bangalore Medical College Department of OBG Bangalore India Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549663 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:41 +0100 2549663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549664&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr5kj3401077v1114%2F Abstract  A 49-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to hospital complaining of fever, vomiting, and lower abdominal pain. Laboratory investigation revealed leukocytopenia, high blood sugar, and pyuria. Pyelonephritis was then diagnosed. Escherichia coli was isolated from blood and urinary cultures. In spite of antimicrobial therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen on the second day of hospitalization revealed the presence of air in the collecting system of the left kidney. Emphysematous pyelonephritis was diagnosed, and a renoureteral catheter was promptly inserted via the left ureter into the affected pelvis of the left kidney. Imipenem, cefotiam, and levofloxacin were administered duri... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549664 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:37 +0100 2549664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549665&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9hx25u8j0tqv6q16%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0691-3Authors Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Kyorin University, School of Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8611 JapanOsamu Kobayashi, Kyorin University, School of Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8611 JapanShin Kawai, Kyorin University, School of Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka Tokyo 181-8611 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 3 / June, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549665 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:34 +0100 2549665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549666&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq640523788354404%2F Abstract  For the purpose of a nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens in patients in Japan, the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy conducted their second year survey, during the period from January to August, 2007. A total of 1178 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from adult patients with well-diagnosed respiratory tract infections. Susceptibility testing was evaluable for 1108 strains (226 Staphylococcus aureus, 257 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 6 Streptococcus pyogenes, 206 Haemophilus influenzae, 120 Moraxella catarrhalis, 122 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 171 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A total of 44 antibacterial agents, including 26 β-lactams (four penicillins, three penicillins in combination with β-lac... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549666 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:32 +0100 2549666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549667&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8mg9164566107278%2F Abstract  Fluoroquinolones have been reported to affect cytokine production in vitro. We investigated the effects of fluoroquinolones on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production in vivo and in vitro. LPS was administered to mice treated with ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. In addition, peritoneal macrophages collected from mice were treated with the four fluoroquinolones for 1 h, followed by the addition of LPS, and the TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in culture fluid were measured. In LPS-treated mice, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and norfloxacin (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the serum TNF-α l... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549667 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:29 +0100 2549667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549668&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy350m7w7k7366354%2F Abstract  Subpopulations of regular and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a 24-year-old man with an infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like syndrome associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were analyzed. The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was in the normal range (1.19 and 1.23 in the regular and atypical lymphocytes, respectively), with no increase in CD8+ cells. The percentage of CD8+/CD11b- cells was not increased in the atypical lymphocytes. However, CD45RO+ was expressed on 86.3% of CD4+ atypical lymphocytes. The present data suggest that atypical lymphocytes expressing CD4+/CD45RO+ may play the role of helper T cells in the immune system in the development of IM-like syndrome associated with HAV infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case Rep... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549668 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:26 +0100 2549668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549669&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff306210047688191%2F We describe a fatal case of urosepsis caused by E. tarda. The patient’s underlying condition of advanced uterine cancer may have contributed to the development of the infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0678-8Authors Takayuki Tamada, University of Tsukuba School of Medicine Tsukuba, Ibaraki JapanHiroshi Koganemaru, Tsukuba University Hospital Department of Infectious Diseases 2-1-1 Amakubo Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576 JapanKoji Matsumoto, Tsukuba University Hospital Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Tsukuba, Ibaraki JapanShigemi Hitomi, Tsukuba University Hospital Department of Infectious Diseases 2-1-1 Amakubo Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549669 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:23 +0100 2549669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549670&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx5115578313044g0%2F Abstract  Guidelines recommend obtaining blood cultures for all patients admitted with pneumonia. However, recent American studies have reported the low impact of these cultures on antibiotic therapy. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of bacteremia and change of therapy in admitted pneumonia patients from whom blood cultures were obtained in the emergency department (ED). A retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients (age ≥12 years) with pneumonia hospitalized through the ED between January 1 and December 31, 2006, in an urban teaching hospital in Japan. Data were collected on antibiotic sensitivities, empirical antibiotics, and changes of antibiotic management. Blood cultures were classified as positive, negative, or contaminan... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549670 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:20 +0100 2549670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549671&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe3v37822745q1116%2F In conclusion, slpA sequence typing was useful in the setting of a local hospital and may be a powerful tool for the epidemiological study of C. difficile infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0681-0Authors Hideaki Kato, Toyokawa City Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Kohmeicho 1-19 Toyokawa 442-8561 JapanHaru Kato, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection Control Tokyo JapanMakoto Nakamura, Toyokawa City Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Kohmeicho 1-19 Toyokawa 442-8561 JapanYasuhito Iwashima, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology Nagoya JapanAtsushi Nakamura, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549671 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:16 +0100 2549671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371247&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu787774392u1u471%2F Abstract  To assess the clinical efficacy of oral antibiotic administration for the treatment of lower urinary tract infection (UTI), 102 female patients were given gatifloxacin (200 mg once daily for 3 days). Five to nine days after treatment, drug safety and clinical efficacy were assessed by evaluation of urinalysis and symptoms. Further, the patients were asked to report by mail whether they had persistent or recurrent symptoms at 4–6 weeks after treatment. The overall clinical cure rate was 93.1% (95/102). Of 94 patients with susceptible pathogens and 8 with resistant pathogens, 89 (94.7%) and 6 (75.0%), respectively, were judged as clinically cured. Four to 6 weeks after treatment, 57 (55.9%) of the 102 patients reported their micturition status by mail, and 6 (10.5... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371247 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:24 +0100 2371247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371250&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3l221t4w65u57m61%2F We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection involving multiple bone lesions despite a normal healthy status until 6 months previously. Because she was suspected to have acquired immunodeficiency, we tested interferon (IFN)-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3 stimulation, and found that these cells produced no, or undetectable, levels of IFN-γ in the presence of the patient’s plasma, but produced nearly normal levels of IFN-γ in the presence of healthy donor plasma. Since the IgG fraction of the patient’s plasma was capable of blocking in vitro responses to IFN-γ, the cause of disseminated MAC infection in this case appeared to be anti-IFN-γ autoantibodi... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371250 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:23 +0100 2371250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371249&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3560577t0720383u%2F Abstract  We analyzed the efficacy of both the Streptococcus pneumoniae urine antigen test as a quick diagnostic tool and the administration of high-dose penicillin in response to a positive S. pneumoniae urine antigen test. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 48 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, in which the patients were treated with high-dose penicillin. All the cases were diagnosed by a positive urine antigen test. Treatment with high-dose penicillin was effective in 43 of the 48 patients. This treatment was also effective in 12 of 16 culture-confirmed cases with low susceptibility to penicillin. Eleven patients who were positive for the S. pneumoniae urine antigen test but culturenegative showed clinical improvement with high-dose penicillin. Pneumonia caused by S. pn... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371249 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:23 +0100 2371249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371248&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk0330807n3537tl6%2F Abstract  We studied the effect of fluoroquinolones (FQs) on carrageenan-induced edema in the rat footpad. Ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, and enoxacin (s.c., 100 mg/kg), which have piperazinyl and/or cyclopropyl groups, inhibited carrageenan-induced edema, whereas levofloxacin, tosufloxacin, and pazufloxacin did not. The reduction of edema by ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and enoxacin was abolished by pretreatment with mifepristone, an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. These results suggest that FQs with piperazinyl and/or cyclopropyl groups can modify biological responses through enhancing the glucocorticoid-glucocorticoid receptor system. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0675-yAuthors Hiromi O... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371248 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:23 +0100 2371248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371251&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa71m4871402744p1%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to clarify whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) increased the infectious load of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and/or Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the respiratory tracts of asthmatic children. We studied a total of 310 outpatients with chronic stable asthma. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive results for C. pneumoniae were obtained in 21 of 310 (6.8%) throat samples and 21 of 293 (7.2%) nasopharyngeal samples. There was no significant difference in the rate of detection or in the quantity of detection for C. pneumoniae between the ICS group and the non-ICS group, nor were there differences among groups classified by Japanese pediatric guidelines (JPGL) severity criteria. Real-time PCR-positive results for M. pneumoniae were obta... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371251 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:21 +0100 2371251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371252&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh1k5kv6232786kq5%2F Abstract  Pediatric outpatients and healthy children in the community were examined for nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Japan. MRSA isolation frequencies were 0.7% (3/426) and 3.7% (5/136), respectively, in pediatric outpatients and healthy children in the community (overall frequency, 1.4%). The frequency of MRSA isolation was higher in children 5–9 years of age compared with the other age groups. All eight MRSA strains isolated were Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative. Of these, three with the genotype multilocus sequence type (ST) 8/spa606/SCCmecIV (2 cases) and ST88/spa999/SCCmecIV/exfoliative toxin A gene (eta) were identical or similar to MRSA from bullous impetigo, determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. One strain with ST764 (ST5... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371252 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:20 +0100 2371252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371255&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8570060p64820136%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0002-7Authors Isao Nishi, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clinical Investigation 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanAtsuko Sunada, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clinical Investigation 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanMasahiro Toyokawa, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clinical Investigation 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 JapanSeishi Asari, Osaka University Hospital Department of Infection Control and Prevention Osaka JapanYoshinori Iwatani, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences Osaka Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volum... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371255 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:19 +0100 2371255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371254&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg398655076tlknk1%2F In this study, we investigated a new rapid screening method for PVL-positive ST30 CA-MRSA and its related clone by a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). For M-PCR, the targets of the assay were the five genes for PVL, collagen adhesin, bone sialoprotein adhesin, methicillin resistance, and S. aureus-specifi c thermostable nuclease. Only PVL-positive ST30 CA-MRSA strains produced all five bands in M-PCR. With PFGE, Japanese strains and most foreign strains of PVLpositive ST30 CA-MRSA shared the same pattern. Moreover, PFGE distinguished current PVL-positive CA-MRSA ST30/spa19 strains from previous PVL-positive MRSA ST30/spa43 strains (which were isolated at the time of nosocomial MRSA outbreaks in the late 1980s and ea... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371254 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:19 +0100 2371254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371253&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F11g5831vr344t686%2F Abstract  Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. This technology has been developed into commercially available detection kits for a variety of pathogens including bacteria and viruses. The current focus on LAMP methodology is as a diagnostic system to be employed in resource-limited laboratories in developing countries, where many fatal tropical diseases are endemic. The combination of LAMP and novel microfluidic technologies such as Lab-on-a-chip may facilitate the realization of genetic point-of-care testing systems to be used by both developed and developing countries in the near future. This review will describe the historical, curre... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371253 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:19 +0100 2371253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371257&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp4w25l42g9371nr1%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism(s) by which oral cephalosporins penetrate into human oropharyngeal mucosa, and thus, the availability of sufficient concentrations at the site of infection. Two oral cephalosporin prototypes, cephalexin (first generation) and cefixime (third generation), were administered to five healthy subjects at two different visits with a 1-week washout period. Plasma and saliva samples were collected and drug concentrations were measured using an appropriate HPLC method. The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of cefixime and cephalexin were 2.97 ± 0.24 μg ml−1 and 77.65 ± 18.91 μg ml−1, respectively. These concentrations were associated with a maximum salivary concentration (CSmax) of 0.56 μg ml−1 for cefixime and... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371257 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:18 +0100 2371257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2371256&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy768205822752474%2F In conclusion, detection with real-time PCR is useful for rapidly identifying the causative pathogens of meningitis and for examining the clinical course of chemotherapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-009-0670-3Authors Naoko Chiba, Kitasato University Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 JapanSomay Y. Murayama, Kitasato University Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 JapanMiyuki Morozumi, Kitasato University Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Infectious Agents, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences 5-9-1 Shirok... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2371256 Sat, 25 Apr 2009 07:14:18 +0100 2371256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264396&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F354335681863l575%2F This study examined the effects on patients with bacteremia of delaying the insertion of a blood culture bottle into an automated, continuously monitoring blood culture system. We investigated the time taken from the collection of blood samples (collection) to the insertion of blood culture bottles inoculated with blood samples into the instrument (insertion), and compared the mean detection time from collection to a positive signal from the instrument with the time between collection and insertion. The study was conducted from January 2003 to December 2004 at Kyoto University Hospital. Insertion into the system on the day of blood sample collection was defined as same-day insertion, and insertion on a different day to collection was defined as delayed insertion. The 7394 aerobic and... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264396 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:40 +0100 2264396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264397&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft1683g4317lw5056%2F Abstract   Mycobacterium abscessus is the most resistant of rapidly growing pathogenic mycobacteria. We performed a screening of the in vitro sterilizing capacity of various antibiotic combinations against two strains isolated from respiratory samples (in vitro activity of each antibiotic: 51 combinations of two drugs and 47 of three drugs). Our findings confirm that clarithromycin is the most useful drug. The combination of this drug with linezolid exhibits good activity. In addition, the fluoroquinolones and rifabutin in association with clarithromycin may have clinical utility because they are administered orally. Therapeutic alternatives in this type of infections should be evaluated in greater depth. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory NoteDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-06... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264397 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:39 +0100 2264397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264398&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh0v47375552544g8%2F Abstract  A 69-year-old man, who had been receiving prednisolone for 11 months for treatment of interstitial pneumonia, was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. During induction therapy, he developed severe pneumonia. Although meropenem and micafungin were started, he died of circulatory failure owing to massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Autopsy specimens obtained from the stomach revealed fungal hyphae, which had invaded diffusely into submucosal vessels and caused the massive gastric bleeding. The same hyphae were also observed in both lungs. A diagnosis of disseminated zygomycosis was confirmed by its characteristic histopathological findings. Because zygomycetes are spontaneously resistant to the newer antifungal agents, such as voriconazole or micafungin, it seems l... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264398 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:35 +0100 2264398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264399&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8px7002457g44740%2F We report a case of fatal pneumonia caused by B. cereus in a patient with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during remission induction therapy. Cefepime was started for febrile neutropenia (FN) initially and was switched to panipem/betamipron, when fulminant pneumonia supervened. The isolated strain was resistant not only to cefepime but also to panipenem/betamipron. This is the first report of fulminant infection caused by carbapenem-resistant B. cereus in a neutropenic patient. B. cereus should be kept in mind as a target of empirical treatment when neutropenic patients develop pneumonia Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0654-8Authors Hiroo Katsuya, Fukuoka University The Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Infect... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264399 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:30 +0100 2264399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264400&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F03271788280t2268%2F In this study, we conducted genotyping of the circumsporozoite protein gene, the apical membrane antigen-1 gene, and the merozoite surface protein-1 gene of Plasmodium vivax in one patient, and estimated the geographical origin of the parasites. This estimate was based on the findings of previous studies, which showed the coexistence of at least two distinct genotypes of antigenic molecules of endemic P. vivax in South Korea. One genotype is similar to that of a Chinese strain CH-5, and the other is similar to that of a North Korean isolate. The results of this study showed that the DNA sequences of the patient’s P. vivax parasites were similar to those of the North Korean isolate. It may even be possible in the near future for seasonally synchronized North Korean P. vivax parasites ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264400 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:27 +0100 2264400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264401&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyv337k43t02r4116%2F In conclusion, our investigation suggested the total number of isolated bacteria in urine culture did not determine the MICs and that inoculum of the bacteria might be important for this determination. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0652-xAuthors Katsumi Shigemura, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 JapanSoichi Arakawa, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0017 JapanKazushi Tanaka, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Kusunokicho... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264401 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:23 +0100 2264401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264402&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpvtv364r7190m76p%2F In this study, we applied ISH to blood smears 60 patients with suspected sepsis. BC was also carried out using the same blood samples to investigate the diagnostic value of ISH. The number of positive results obtained by ISH was approximately four times higher than that obtained by BC (ISH, 25 [41.7%]; BC, 7 [11.7%]). The positive rate in the 21 patients given antibiotics was 61.9% by ISH (13 patients) and 4.7% by BC (1 patient). The antibiotic treatments targeting the organisms detected by either procedure showed a beneficial clinical outcome. Positive results by ISH were obtained earlier than those with BC (ISH, within 1 day; BC, several days). We conclude that ISH is a useful method for the rapid diagnosis of sepsis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264402 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:19 +0100 2264402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264403&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff400u3215p131253%2F Abstract  We assessed the clinical impact of the systemic use of antibiotics on postoperative infection in colorectal surgery. Perioperative administration prevents postoperative infection: a statement which is based on the results of five randomized controlled trials performed in the 1970s and 1980s. Our study design was a randomized controlled trial. We created two groups, one using the systemic antibiotic cefotiam (CTM), and the other using no antibiotic as the control. The primary end point was the overall postoperative infection rate. There were 100 patients assigned to this study. The patients were divided into two groups; the control group consisted of 51 cases and the CTM group had 49 cases. The backgrounds of the patients in the two groups were not significantly di... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264403 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:15 +0100 2264403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264404&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7k2544lg47w26u03%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0659-3Authors Shigeatsu Endo, Iwate Medical University Critical Care and Emergency Center 19-1 Uchimaru Morioka, Iwate 020-8505 JapanNaoki Aikawa, Keio University School of Medicine, Keio University Hospital Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Tokyo JapanShinji Satomura, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. New Diagnostics Business and Technology Development Operations Osaka Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 1 / February, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264404 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 14:22:14 +0100 2264404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264405&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd4115w48q11301wn%2F Abstract  Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are known to be resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams because of their substrate specificity, and these bacteria are sensitive only to a narrow range of antimicrobial agents. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of carbapenems and the new quinolones against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) theory. The time above MIC (TAM, %) served as the PK/PD parameter for carbapenems, with the target level set at 40%. The AUC/MIC served as the PK/PD parameter for the new quinolones, with the target level set at more than 125. In the analysis of drug sensitivity, the MIC50 of all carbapenems other tha... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264405 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 13:42:29 +0100 2264405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264406&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv84242401240n845%2F Abstract  To analyze the genetic mechanisms of carbapenem and ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas putida, 27 clinical isolates (comprising 11 carbapenem- and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, 13 carbapenem-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains, and 3 carbapenem- and ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains) were collected from different patients. Carbapenem resistance was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and integrase genes (IntI-1 and IntI-3), and by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) for expression of the porin gene (oprD). Ciprofloxacin resistance was characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing for mutations in the quinoloneresistance determining regions of the gyrA and parC genes. The blaIM... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264406 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 13:42:24 +0100 2264406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264407&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl57280621j645546%2F Abstract  Micafungin (MCFG) is an echinocandin antifungal agent that exhibits potent activity against most species of Candida and Aspergillus. We investigated the in vitro antifungal combination effects of MCFG with four other antifungal agents — fluconazole (FLCZ), voriconazole (VRCZ), amphotericin B, and flucytosine — against clinical isolates of 54 Candida spp. by checkerboard analysis. The synergistic antifungal effects of MCFG-FLCZ and MCFG-VRCZ were 11% and 15%, respectively, and the latter displayed a synergistic activity of 63% against Candida glabrata. Antagonism was not observed in any of the combinations tested. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0653-9Authors Isao Nishi, Osaka University Hospital Laboratory for Clini... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264407 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 13:42:20 +0100 2264407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264408&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc8gwrq3r645215q4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0650-zAuthors Shailendra Kapoor, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60612 USA Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 15 Journal Issue Volume 15, Number 1 / February, 2009 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264408 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 13:42:15 +0100 2264408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2264409&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4757385r0512108l%2F Abstract  Eighty-eight strains of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive and -negative community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and 152 strains of hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) were examined for susceptibility to carbapenems, oxacillin, and other antimicrobial agents. CA-MRSA strains were more susceptible to carbapenems (MIC90, 1–4 μg/ml) than HA-MRSA strains (MIC90, 32–64 μg/ml). Among the carbapenems examined, CA-MRSA strains were most susceptible to imipenem (MIC50, 0.12 μg/ml; MIC90, 1 μg/ml). A similar tendency was observed with oxacillin, but less markedly (MIC90: 32 μg/ml for CA-MRSA and ≥256 μg/ml for HA-MRSA). This difference was also observed between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA in susceptibility levels to cephems, erythromyc... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2264409 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 13:42:10 +0100 2264409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051820&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu29w269456nm83g6%2F Abstract  Fifty clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, collected from 11 hospitals in Thailand, were studied. All isolates were found to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as judged by double-disk synergy and combination disk methods. Most ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (94%) and aztreonam (90%). In contrast, most ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (95%) and cefotaxime (74%). Plasmid DNA was isolated and β-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. We found that SHV-12 and CTX-M-14 were the main ESBLs responsible for resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively. SHV-27, SHV-28, and CTX-M-14 we... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051820 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:46 +0100 2051820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051821&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb03883k2u38wp33w%2F Abstract   Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading causative pathogen responsible for various types of bacterial infectious diseases in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protection conferred against fatal pneumococcal infections during infancy by maternal intranasal immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Four-week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with PspA mixed with, or without, cholera toxin B (CTB) intranasally twice a week for 3 weeks. After the final immunization, they were mated with male mice to obtain offspring. Offspring at 10 days old were intraperitoneally inoculated with a pneumococcus strain, TIGR4, serotype 4. After the infections their survival periods were monitored. Anti-PspA-specific IgG antibody was induced in sera ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051821 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:42 +0100 2051821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051822&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft3824556234u72g3%2F Abstract  Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in the pharynx has been highlighted in the prevention of the unexpected spread of sexually transmitted diseases. We tried to clarify the detection rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx and the clinical relevance of oral-throat wash specimens to detect the organism in heterosexual men with gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis. In our cohort of 79 male patients with urethritis, oral throat wash specimens were collected after they had gargled with normal saline for approximately 30 to 60 s. Positive pharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae was defined as a positive result on the strand displacement amplification test for the specimen from the oral-throat wash. N. gonorrhoeae was detected in the oral-throat wash sp... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051822 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:41 +0100 2051822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051823&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa41675l14t5686n3%2F Abstract  We isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from a 3-month-old Indian girl who was born in the United States, moved to Japan, and suffered from subcutaneous abscesses in 2007. The MRSA (strain NN36) belonged to multilocus sequence type (ST) 8, exhibited agr1, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVa, and coagulase type III, and was positive for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), just like the USA300 clone, which is the predominant community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) in the United States. Strain NN36 shared an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern with the USA300 clone. Although the USA300 clone is of spa1, strain NN36 possessed spa985. Strain NN36 was resistant to e... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051823 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:40 +0100 2051823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051825&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F17838251355qx817%2F Abstract  We have developed a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method to detect 13 respiratory viruses: influenza virus A and B; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A and B; parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1, 2, and 3; adenovirus; rhinovirus (RV); enterovirus; coronavirus (OC43); human metapneumovirus (hMPV); and human bocavirus (HBoV). The new method for detection of these viruses was applied simultaneously with real-time PCR for the detection of six bacterial pathogens in clinical samples from 1700 pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Of all the patients, 32.5% were suspected to have single bacterial infections; 1.9%, multiple bacterial infections; 15.2%, coinfections of bacteria and viruses; 25.8%, single viral infections; and 2.1%, mu... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051825 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:39 +0100 2051825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051824&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh158385154033703%2F Abstract  After treatment with antimicrobial chemotherapy for the elimination of urinary multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), a 48-year-old man with recurrence of bladder cancer complained of acute onset of dyspnea, and computed tomography revealed multiple nodular lesions in the lung. Candida albicans was isolated from both urinary and blood samples. He was diagnosed as having a septic pulmonary embolism caused by C. albicans. Fungal septic pulmonary embolism is a rare condition; however, we must be cautious about superinfection as a consequence of strong antimicrobial chemotherapy, and understand that the treatment for urinary MDRP is likely to be difficult. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0646-8Authors Satoshi Takahas... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051824 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:39 +0100 2051824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051827&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8611064214671347%2F Abstract  We intended to evaluate the risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) with central venous (CV) catheters. For the hub of the CV line, we used three-way stopcocks in the first year of the study and closed needleless connectors (NCs) in the second year. Background factors included the age and sex of patients; the ward; the specialty service; the CV catheter and its days of placement; and the staff compounding the intravenous infusion, i.e., either nurses, who disinfect hands-free, or pharmacists using clean benches. Outcome factors included positive culture from the blood-related samples and the body temperature estimate. Of a total of 29 221 device-days in 1073 patients, positive cultures showed an overall incidence of 2.26 per 1000 device-da... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051827 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:37 +0100 2051827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051826&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fgj53h07r70361818%2F Abstract  We retrospectively examined the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by intrinsically vancomycin-resistant (VanC-type) enterococci in a university hospital in Japan. Five cases of Enterococcus gallinarum and four of Enterococcus casseliflavus bacteremia were identified during the 6 years of the survey. Of the nine cases, five were related to neutropenic states with hematologic diseases and four were related to biliary tract infection with hepatobiliary or pancreatic diseases. VanC-type enterococci were associated with 12% of all the enterococcal bacteremias, indicating that these species cause bacteremia more frequently in Japan than in previously reported areas. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051826 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:37 +0100 2051826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051828&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyj2p07814g32284j%2F In conclusion, the single-dose AZM regimen was well tolerated and eradicated the estimated and potential pathogens of nongonococcal urethritis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0643-yAuthors Satoshi Takahashi, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W, 16, Chuo-Ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanMasanori Matsukawa, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W, 16, Chuo-Ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanYuichiro Kurimura, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W, 16, Chuo-Ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanKoh Takeyama, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Department of Urology S. 1, W, 16, Chuo-Ku Sapporo 060-8543 JapanYasuharu Kunishima, Sapporo Medical Universi... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051828 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:34 +0100 2051828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051829&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff3974010p5523720%2F Abstract  An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections occurred after thoracic surgeries performed between May and June 2003. Clinical data of seven patients were reviewed and the fact was revealed that bronchoscopes were used during endotracheal intubation for one-lung ventilation in most patients. P. aeruginosa was recovered from the sputum of these patients at a very early stage post-operation. Environmental samples from bronchoscopes and an automated endoscope reprocessor (AER) were cultured and P. aeruginosa strains were recovered from all of them. All of these strains were confirmed to be identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Inspection of the sterilization cycles of bronchoscopes revealed inappropriate management of bronchoscopes and a flaw in the ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051829 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:33 +0100 2051829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051830&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx45018h122306875%2F Abstract  A 12-year-old boy was brought to the hospital with a 3-week history of watery diarrhea mixed with mucus and colicky abdominal pain. Stool culture identified Edwardsiella tarda O4: H4, and no other pathogenic bacteria were detected. Acute gastroenteritis caused by Edwardsiella tarda O4: H4 was diagnosed. This bacterium was shown to be sensitive to ampicillin hydrate. When this antibiotic was administered, the condition of the patient improved within a week. The patient had a history of eating raw shrimp and fish while traveling with his parents. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0638-8Authors Atsutoshi Tsuji, International University of Health and Welfare Department of Pediatrics, Atami Hospital 13-1 Higashikaigan-cho, Atami S... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051830 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:32 +0100 2051830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051831&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe2nq21605228r770%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0639-7Authors Subhash C. Arya, Sant Parmanand Hospital 18 Alipore Road Delhi 110054 IndiaNirmala Agarwal, Sant Parmanand Hospital 18 Alipore Road Delhi 110054 IndiaShekhar Agarwal, Sant Parmanand Hospital 18 Alipore Road Delhi 110054 India Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X Journal Volume Volume 14 Journal Issue Volume 14, Number 6 / December, 2008 (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy) Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051831 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:22:29 +0100 2051831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900520&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd3170364x60303w4%2F Abstract  We encountered a 14-year-old Bangladeshi boy who developed acute hepatitis E in Japan. He showed improvement without the development of fulminant hepatitis. His hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype was I, which causes epidemics mainly in South Asia. He developed this disease more than 6 months after coming to Japan. Considering the latent period, it was suspected that he had been infected with HEV in Japan, although the HEV virus is presumed not to be indigenous to Japan. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10156-008-0633-0Authors Yoshitami Sanayama, Chiba University Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 JapanNaruhiko Ishiwada, Chiba University Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900520 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:02 +0100 1900520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900519&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe5457720kt8m102x%2F Abstract  Symptoms caused by acute human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) infection can vary considerably, from asymptomatic to severely symptomatic. A 39-year-old Japanese woman complained of sudden, severe arthralgia with edematous limbs coincident with an outbreak of HPV-B19 infection at the elementary school attended by her daughter. A diagnosis of acute HPV-B19 infection was made by the detection of serum antibody to HPV-B19 IgM and HPV-B19 DNA. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral synovitis of the cubital joints. The patient was immunocompetent and suffered from severe arthralgia associated with persistent HPV-B19 viremia for more than 4 months after the diagnosis of acute HPV-B19 infection. The administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in remis... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900519 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:02 +0100 1900519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900525&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft86v620n533855g4%2F Abstract  The epidemic of HIV has catalyzed the need for safe and effective prevention methods, particularly for women. Vaginal microbicides have been targeted because these methods can be controlled by women themselves. Microbicides have focused on preventing HIV as well as other sexually transmitted infections, because the acquisition of HIV is enhanced by the presence of many infections. Although many products show promise in preclinical trials, safety remains paramount. The importance of safety was exemplified by the nonoxynol-9 studies which showed actual harm. This experience catalyzed the development of criteria that should be used as safety standards in trials, including immune markers of the cervical epithelium, and colposcopy standards. Unfortunately, immune marke... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900525 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:01 +0100 1900525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900524&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3315j50m10w48pk6%2F Abstract  We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six types of antimicrobial agents for 523 strains of Campylobacter jejuni that were isolated from diarrheal patients in a general hospital in Tokyo during the period between 2003 and 2005. It was revealed that 20.2%, 22.9%, 6.7%, and 0.6% of all the C. jejuni strains tested were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CPFX), nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and fosfomycin, respectively. All the strains were susceptible to clarithromycin and erythromycin. To elucidate the mechanism of quinolone resistance, in a total of 55 strains selected randomly, we carried out sequence determination and analysis of the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of their gyrA and gyrB genes. Amino-acid substitution at codon 86 (Thr → I... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900524 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:01 +0100 1900524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900523&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk251520v147r4t12%2F Abstract  Our study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae in young children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Nha Trang, Vietnam. The study population consisted of 116 children less than 5 years of age admitted to Khanh Hoa General Hospital due to acute lower respiratory tract infections between July 2004 and April 2005. Organisms could be detected from nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) in 72 (62.1%) of the 116 children. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common organism, and 39 strains were isolated from 39 children aged 2 to 60 months (mean age, 16 months). We examined 37 of these 39 H. influenzae strains. The serotypes of the 37 isolates were all nontypeable, and 22 strains (59.5%) were β-lactamase producing. Polymerase chain... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900523 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:01 +0100 1900523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900522&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl5h5425565825626%2F We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with no HIV infection and no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, with a history of duodenal ulcer treated for several months, who presented at the emergency department with severe gastric outlet obstruction of recent onset caused by ulcerohypertrophic antroduodenal tuberculosis. The lesion was misdiagnosed at endoscopy as a malignancy, although histological examination of biopsies showed only chronic inflammation. The diagnosis was established at surgery, when a frozen section of an enlarged lymph node showed the presence of giant cells and caseating granuloma. The treatment was gastric resection with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal anastomosis. In this patient the rare gastroduodenal location of tuberculosis occurred as primary disease in the absence ... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900522 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:01 +0100 1900522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900521&cid=s_33353_20_f&fid=33353&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc3qj357u64086207%2F We report a case of fulminant septicemia with Bacillus cereus resistant to carbapenem. A 33-year-old man was suffering from febrile neutropenia (FN) on day 15 after the start of remission-induction therapy for biphenotypic acute leukemia under gut decontamination with polymyxin B and nystatin. Meropenem, a carbapenem, was administered according to the guideline for FN. Two days later (on day 17), he complained of severe abdominal pain, lost consciousness, went into sudden cardiopulmonary arrest, and died. Autopsy showed multiple spots of hemorrhage and necrosis caused by bacterial plaque in the brain, lungs, and liver. B. cereus was isolated from a blood sample obtained in the morning on day 17 and it was after his death that the isolated B. cereus was revealed to be resistant to carba... Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900521 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 06:20:01 +0100 1900521