MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Infection and Public Health' source. Thu, 29 Dec 2011 00:18:00 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452820&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000980%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We reported a maternal HIV prevalence rate of 0.23% among pregnant women attending a major maternity hospital in Kassala state in eastern Sudan . A recently published antenatal sentinel sero-surveillance carried out in 15 Sudanese northern states, including Kassala state, tested 9164 serum samples collected from 26 antenatal care clinics (ANC) and reported an estimated maternal HIV prevalence of 0.19% . Moreover, the overall prevalence of HIV among adults in Sudan has been revised down to 1.1% and further geographical stratification of HIV prevalence revealed an estimate of 0.67% in northern Sudan compared to 3.1% in southern Sudan . It is noteworthy that, for various geopolitical reasons, the term “northern Sudan” currently refers to 15 states located in central, northern, eastern and... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452820 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452819&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000682%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I have two comments on the interesting study by Mohammed et al. on the seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women in eastern Sudan . First, I presume that 0.23% seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection among the studied pregnant women in eastern Sudan reported by Mohammed et al. is not the actual prevalence while considering the following points: (1) HIV is a significant health threat in Sudan as the available data shows that the HIV prevalence in adults aged 15–49 years is 1.4% and that 59% of all new infections have occurred in women of child bearing age (15–49 years) . (2) I presume that the Kassala New Maternity Hospital, the major hospital in Kassala state where the study was conducted, offers health services to aboriginal rural people in addition to r... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452819 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452818&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000797%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In response to the question raised by Prof. Al-Mendalawi about rotavirus immunization coverage in Lebanon, we would like to emphasize that the rotavirus vaccine is not incorporated in the routine immunization schedule; the vaccine is however available in the private clinics. Unfortunately, the anti-rotavirus immunity of patients included in our study has not been investigated. Our results are not different from those obtained in Europe. In France where rotavirus vaccination is not included in the routine immunization program, a recent study has reported that rotavirus was the cause of more than 50% of the total hospitalizations for gastroenteritis per year in a pediatric unit in Paris, followed by norovirus causing 8% of the total hospitalizations . (Source: Journal of Infection and Public... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452818 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452817&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000736%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I have 2 comments on the interesting study by Al-Ali et al. on the first description of gastroenteritis viruses in Lebanese children. First, I presume that the frequency distribution of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) [48%] in Lebanese children addressed by Al-Ali et al. needs to be considered with caution. Apart from seasonal influence (April–May), short study period (2 months), and limited number of the studied patients (n=79), the prior immunization status of the studied patients against rotavirus (RV) represents an additional important limitation. Rotavirus vaccine (RVV) has been incorporated in the immunization schedule worldwide as it was shown to mimic the immunity following natural RV infection that confers protection against severe gastroenteritis and consequently, reduces the... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452817 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452816&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000761%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our study revealed that in private hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, approximately 90% of patients received inappropriate surgical prophylaxis. Practical measures to improve the implementation of guidelines are urgently needed. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452816 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452815&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000773%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: PIAT was not associated with the duration of delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment and did not significantly change during follow-up. These data demonstrate that, for many individuals, the completion of tuberculosis treatment is the beginning, not the end, of their tuberculosis illness. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452815 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452814&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000803%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was a retrospective analysis of the data from ABPA patients who were managed in our chest clinic. Based on their eosinophil count, the patients were classified into the following three categories: 1000cells/μl. The spirometric, immunological and radiological characteristics were also assessed.Results: We studied 108 males and 101 females with a combined mean (±SD) age of 34.1±12.5years. The median (IQR) eosinophil count at diagnosis was 850 (510–1541)cells/μl, and 60% of the patients had an eosinophil count of (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452814 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452813&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111001006%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The clinical presentation and outcome are insufficient to differentiate between influenza-like illness (ILI) caused by H1N1 and that cause by other pathogens. In general, both groups had mild disease in this cohort of patients in Saudi Arabia. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452813 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5452812&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111001018%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The high prevalence of high-risk HPV in this population, particularly in the Aboriginal group, will require further studies to identify specific predictors of infection. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5452812 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5452812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319803&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000724%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Wiwanitkit commented on our article suggesting that our results do not support our conclusions. Indeed, our results support our conclusions, and showed that the sensitivity of the two selected rapid influenza A antigen detection tests for detection of S-OIV was very low, and should not be used to exclude S-OIV. We also showed that DFA got better sensitivity and suggested it may be used as first line test especially during after hours or weekends, but negative results must confirmed by RT-PCR. There is a need for a POCT test with higher sensitivity, but with the currently available testing systems, we believe our conclusions are valid. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319803 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319802&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000220%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I read the recent publication on point of care testing (POCT) tools for swine flu with a great interest . Al Johani et al. concluded that “DFA may be used as first line test especially during after hours or weekends, but negative results must confirmed by RT-PCR [1]”. Indeed, the results in this work do not lead to decision to use both studied tool in diagnosis. Using as screening test, the two tests have very poor sensitivity. If the authors suggest for repeated confirmation by PCR, almost all studied samples have to be further tested and this means uselessness of the two studied tools. Indeed, the concept of POCT tools for screening and diagnosis of swine flu is very good. However, the question is how to find the good test with acceptable diagnostic property and cost effective. (Sour... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319802 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319801&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000487%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of microorganisms in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis associated with ascites. It reflects the occurrence of L. monocytogenes as an important pathogen of such clinical situation. Other rare pathogens like M. tuberculosis are not uncommon in those patients. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319801 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319800&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000499%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study describes the first case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in the Thames Valley and South East Region and discuss the public health implications, highlighting the need to integrate current epidemiological knowledge with clinical expertise in order to diagnose drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) early.The management of the XDR-TB patients is challenging with few treatment options, expensive therapy, side effects of drugs and a longer course of the treatment. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319800 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319799&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000396%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A growing number of reports suggest a connection between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the association of HCV infection with diabetes-related complications has not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in T2D-patients in Kuwait which has a high incidence of type 2 diabetes, and to investigate the association between HCV viremia and diabetes-related complications. A total of 438 patients with T2D (325 Kuwaitis and 113 Egyptians), and 440 control subjects, were enrolled for this study. HCV infection was assessed by testing for serum HCV-specific antibodies, and by detection of HCV RNA. HCV viral load and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assessed in patients with and without diabetes compl... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319799 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319798&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000463%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Oral fluconazole single dose seems to be a valid and promising therapy to cure acute signs and symptoms of VVC. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319798 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319797&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000505%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Management of the infectious risk in asplenic patient has to be improved: some of the patients are not correctly identified as at risk of OPSI, and vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis is insufficient. Hospital specialists should improve the implementation of guidelines and give better information to general practitioners involved. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319797 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319796&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000359%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: This is the first report of a nosocomial outbreak of foodborne B. cereus infection from this region. The importance of appropriate epidemiological and microbiological investigation and public relations management is emphasized, in addition to the need for continuing training of food handlers and rigorous enforcement of food hygiene regulations. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319796 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319795&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000712%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The findings show that N. gonorrhoeae and, to a lesser extent, C. trachomatis are common in men with urethritis in Kuwait. Appropriate preventive strategies that conform to Islamic rules and values should be of highest priority of the policymakers. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319795 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319794&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000475%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Several recent studies have indicated a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in retail-available meat. However, few studies have investigated MRSA in meat in the United States. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on meat samples available at retail stores. Samples of fresh raw pork, chicken, beef, and turkey were purchased from 22 food stores throughout Iowa. S. aureus strains were isolated from 27 of 165 samples, giving an overall prevalence of 16.4%. Turkey, pork, chicken, and beef had individual S. aureus prevalence rates of 19.4%, 18.2%, 17.8%, and 6.9%, respectively. Two isolates of MRSA were isolated from pork, giving an overall prevalence of 1.2%. One MRSA isolate was positive for the PVL ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319794 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319793&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000244%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis is a chronic illness with remitting bony lesions. ► The differential diagnosis for CMO is initially quite broad. ► Diagnosis is dependent on clinical course, pathology, and microbiology. ► Patients with CMO not uncommonly suffer from another concomitant inflammatory illness.Summary: Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO) is an uncommon disease entity with descriptions possibly emanating from the medical literature over one century ago, and there are numerous disease entities which have been historically detailed and which are probably synonymous. The illness is one of chronicity with exacerbating and remitting focal bony lesions. The differential diagnosis for a bony lesion which ultimately proves to be CMO is initially quite broad. Th... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319793 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319792&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000852%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319792 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136469&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000232%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The association of typhoid fever with hepatitis A can result in fulminant hepatitis but in this case, is associated with complete recovery. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136469 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136468&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000189%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Routine notification of Staphylococcus aureus producing the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin toxin (PVL-SA) to the North East & Central London Health Protection Unit, a communicable disease control unit covering a population of 2.8 million, identified 115 cases in 2009–2010, including 99 skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), 15 severe infections and one asymptomatic colonisation. Most cases occurred in children and young adults, unequally distributed geographically and socio-economically. The majority of infections were community acquired and 60% were caused by methicillin resistant strains. Overall, 27% of cases had previous SSTIs, and 32% had contacts with SSTIs suggestive of PVL-SA albeit these were not confirmed microbiologically. This suggests that characteristics of PVL-SA i... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136468 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136467&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000219%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to discover the prevalence of HIV and DM in both the pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB patients of rural south India, retrospectively.Methods: Medical records of 192 microbiologically diagnosed pulmonary TB and 37 extra-pulmonary TB patients were thoroughly studied and data were extracted. The frequency distribution of HIV and DM was evaluated along with other demographic details such as age, sex and occupation in both groups.Results: The mean age of the pulmonary TB patients was 41.11±15.7 years, with significantly higher (p (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136467 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136466&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000207%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, hom genes might not be a good indicator for disease prediction in the Middle East. More studies are needed to confirm these results and determine the function of intermediate length hom. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136466 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136465&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000190%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Since, in this population, very few individuals were able to present a proof of adequate vaccination, it is recommended to systematically vaccinate healthcare students in Lebanon against MMR. For varicella, selective vaccination after serological testing should be performed. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136465 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136464&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000256%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Fever is a prominent feature of disease since antiquity. The febrile response is orchestrated by the central nervous system through endocrine, neurological, immunological and behavioural mechanisms. Other than a regulated rise in body temperature, fever is often accompanied by various sickness behaviours, changes in metabolic and physiological characteristics of body systems and alterations in immune responses. Fever and the febrile response, therefore, remain significant contributors to the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and outcome of many illnesses and diseases.This review highlights the pathophysiology of the febrile response and describes the fever types and patterns, including their clinical significance. The various medical illnesses called “fever” are also listed ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136464 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136463&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000517%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This publication is to inform visitors of the full requirements for entry into Saudi Arabia. The Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia has issued the following requirements and recommendations for entry visas for the Hajj and Umra seasons in 2011 (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136463 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918475&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000141%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Polyomaviruses have been associated with central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans, including brain tumors and infections. Among the many members of the Polyomaviridae family that have been found to infect humans (BK virus, JC virus, simian virus 40, KI virus, WU virus and Merkel cell virus), JC virus is a very well known neurotropic agent, being the etiologic factor of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the CNS. On the other hand, BK virus (BKV) is associated with genitourinary tract disease (tubulo-interstitial nephritis and hemorrhagic cystitis). In the last two decades however, BK virus has been increasingly reported and recognized as an opportunistic infectious agent of the CNS in immunosuppressed persons with T-cell deficiencies, mainly ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918475 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918474&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000025%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Rhinocladiella mackenziei (formerly Ramichloridium mackenziei), a causative agent of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis, is extremely rare and it is geographically limited to the Middle East. The organism has a predilection to cause brain infections and results in a grave prognosis with a high mortality rate. The current patient was admitted to a long term care facility with chronic respiratory failure and dependence on a mechanical ventilator. She later developed left sided weakness and a CT-scan of the brain revealed multiple variable sized hypodense, well-defined lesions with ring enhancement. A stereotactic needle aspiration of the largest lesion showed fungal hyphae. The final culture grew R. mackenzie. The patient was initially started on liposomal amphotericin B, then voriconazole ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918474 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918473&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000165%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Pv malaria can lead to unusual and fatal complications. All new guidelines should include “Severe Vivax malaria” as a clinical entity. Further research into the etiopathogenesis and treatment would be important. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918473 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918472&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000153%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The aim of this study is to identify the beliefs and perceptions associated with hand hygiene performance in two different institutions with limited resources and recently established infection control programme later than developed institutions. The study was conducted in two different hospitals (University Hospital—U-hospital and Community Hospital—C-hospital) in the same city by a selfadministered questionnaire. Most questions were drawn from questionnaires used previously in other studies from “industrialized” countries based on “The Theory of Planned Behavior”. All nurses, nurse students (last class), physicians and intern medical students in the U-hospital, and all nurses in the C-hospital were included into the study. Of 1764 questionnaires, 941 (41%) were retur... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918472 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918471&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603411100013X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Syndromic surveillance of STIs is essential to decrease STIs and control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. There is a need to build capacity of primary health care workers to collect accurate and valid data. Monitoring and evaluation activities are essential to promote program activities. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918471 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918470&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000177%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background and aims: Salmonella infections remain a major public health problem in developing countries. The occurrence of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been on the rise complicating the available therapeutic options. The study aimed to determine the antibiograms and genotypes of prevalent Salmonella serotypes.Methods: A retrospective study involving 80 stool and extra-intestinal Salmonella strains collected over a 18-month period (January 2005–June 2006) from a tertiary hospital in Penang, Malaysia was conducted. Isolates were examined for resistance to 14 antimicrobial drugs and the clonality of the strains was determined by PFGE.Results: Twenty-one serotypes were identified, the most common being S. enteritidis (42.5%) followed by S. corvallis (1... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918470 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918469&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034111000037%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Human enteric viruses are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children. The role of rotaviruses, adenoviruses, human caliciviruses and astroviruses in the development of severe acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization of infants and young children in North Lebanon was investigated. Stool specimens collected between April and May 2010 from 79 Lebanese infants and children hospitalized for severe acute gastroenteritis, were screened for enteric viruses by immunoassays and internally controlled multiplex PCR assay. Out of 79 stool samples, 38 (48%) were positive for rotavirus, and 5 (6%) were positive for norovirus genogroup II. Enteric adenoviruses, sapoviruses and human astroviruses were not detected. Children with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were y... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918469 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4918469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588563&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110001000%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report low HIV prevalence among pregnant women in eastern Sudan but further research is needed to confirm our findings. An integrated framework to diagnose and treat maternal HIV infection should be developed in order to prevent transmission to infants. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588563 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588562&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000997%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: HBV is still a public health problem in this community, with older individuals having much higher prevalence than younger generations. The results of this study would categorise Aden as a low HBV endemic zone. Perinatal transmission does not seem to be a major route of transmission. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588562 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588561&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000973%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this study were to determine drug resistance pattern in new and previously treated tuberculosis (TB) patients, to assess function of TB control program, and to characterize multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) by molecular fingerprinting methods. Anti-micorbial susceptibility testing (AST) to the first line anti-TB drugs was performed on Löwenstein–Jensen (middlebrook 7H10) medium according to the proportion method. Molecular fingerprinting of all MDR strains was performed by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were isolated from 53 Iraqi patients with pulmonary TB. Thirty eight patients (71.7%) tested cases, and 15 (28.3%) were previously treated. Four of the 38 new cases (10.5%) had resistant, of which 3 (7.9%) were MDR. Eight (53.3%) of the 15... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588561 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588560&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000833%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The present study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude of unmarried female students in King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU) towards premarital screening (PMS) program, to determine predictors of high students’ knowledge scores and to improve their knowledge about PMS through conduction of an educational campaign. Multi-stage stratified random sample method was used with recruitment of 1563 students from all faculties of KAU, during the educational year 2008–2009. The Pre-test included 30 knowledge items and 14 attitude statements with student's response through a 5-point Likert scale. Health education was conducted using audiovisual aids through pre-designed educational materials. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 16. Results: Students’ knowledge about the ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588560 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588559&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000808%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species from foods of animal origin (cottage cheese, raw beef, raw milk and liquid whole egg) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 391 food samples of animal origin were collected randomly, using a cross-sectional study design from November 2008 to March 2009. L. monocytogenes isolation and characterization were performed according to mainly the United States Food and Drug Administration procedures. Of the samples examined, 102 (26.1%) were found to be positive for Listeria. Listeria species were isolated in 39 (51.3%), 37 (32.2%), 22 (22%) and 4 (4%) of the raw beef, liquid whole egg, raw milk and cottage cheese samples respectively. L. monocytogenes was detected in 5.4% of the samples analyzed... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588559 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588558&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000791%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report country specific results for Shigella diarrhea that were derived from a multicenter study conducted in six Asian countries. Disease surveillance was conducted over a 24 month period in urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan, a city with a population of 59,584. Cases were detected through passive detection in study treatment centers. Stool specimens or rectal swabs were collected from all consenting patients. Between January 2002 and December 2003 10,540 enteric infection cases were detected. The incidence rate of treated diarrhea in children under 5 was 488/1000/year. In children, 5 years and older, the diarrhea rate was 22/1000/year. 576 (7%) Campylobacter isolates were detected. The pre-dominant Campylobacter species was C. jenuni with an increase of 29/1000 year in children under 5 ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588558 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588557&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000821%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The analytical sensitivity of the selected influenza A antigen detection tests for detection of S-OIV was very low, and should not be used to exclude S-OIV, DFA may be used as first line test especially during after hours or weekends, but negative results must confirmed by RT-PCR. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588557 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4588556&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000523%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has emerged as a global public health problem with countries in Asia and the Pacific sharing more than 70% of the disease burden. In 2004–2005 a total of 312 cases admitted to Pediatric and Sea Port Hospitals in Port Sudan were clinically diagnosed as DHF. The mortality rate recorded was 3.8% (n=12). Of the cases 73.4% were patients 5–15 years of age. A total of 91.2% of cases were admitted during May and June 2005 with 49.4% residing in the eastern region of Port Sudan. Dengue shock syndrome was observed in 37 of 312 (11.9%). All patients had thrombocytopenia with platelets count ranged from (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4588556 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4588556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218078&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000754%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background and objectives: Tuberculous spondylitis (TS) is both the most common and the most dangerous form of TB infection. Delay in diagnosis and management causes spinal cord compression and spinal deformity. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and paraclinical aspects and also to describe its risk factors in Khuzestan, a province located in the south west of Iran.Method: In this medical record-based retrospective study 69 cases of TS registered in Khuzestan Health Center from 1999 to 2008, were reviewed. For each TS case two extra pulmonary TB cases (without spinal involvement) were randomly selected as control. Related data in patients were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16, USA) using chi square and Fishers exact test. Differences with P (Source: Journal o... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218078 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218077&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000766%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report a case of Mollaret's meningitis due to Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV2), diagnosed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) implementation in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patient and treated successfully with acyclovir. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Mollaret's meningitis reported in Greece. We reviewed the literature since PCR has become widely available. Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 has been the most commonly identified causative agent of Mollaret's meningitis. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218077 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218076&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000742%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Epidemic spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains carrying the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassettes (SCC) mec type IV is being increasingly reported in many geographical areas. A survey to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MRSA SCCmec IV isolates identified in four general hospitals in Palermo, Italy, was carried out. During the period February–June 2009, SCCmec type IVa has been found in 12 out of 94 isolates. Nine isolates from all hospitals and all strains from a NICU outbreak occurring in the same period were attributed with the ST22-IVa (EMRSA-15) clone. In our setting, due to the changing MRSA epidemiology, detection of SCCmec IV could be poorly predictive of CA-MRSA. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218076 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218075&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603411000081X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The main objectives of this paper were to estimate the consumption patterns of tobacco use among King Saud University (KSU) undergraduate students; and investigate different risk factors which may contribute to tobacco use among female students.A representative sample (n=7550) of the total KSU undergraduate student population of 69,498 (males and females) was selected, stratified according to college and gender. A modified version of the WHO/CDC Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection.Overall smoking prevalence among KSU students was estimated at 14.5%, prevalence among male students (32.7%), and females (5.9%). Independent risk factors for smoking among males were found to be: age, father's smoking habits, and “friends’ smoking habits”... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218075 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218074&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000730%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Although the HIV prevalence rate observed among the tested participants (2.4%) was lower than the overall national prevalence (4.6%), the result calls for concern as it showed that the population of truckers is a potential high risk group in Nigeria. Also, the mobile nature of this high-risk group has made getting HIV/AIDS awareness messages across to them a difficult task. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218074 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218073&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000778%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We evaluated the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in persons aged ≥45 years with co-morbidities (including essential hypertension) likely to have prompted consideration of prophylactic statin therapy. Using case–control analyses, we measured the impact of vaccination on General Practitioner (GP) reported new episodes of illness for clinically diagnosed influenza-like illness (ILI) and total acute respiratory infection (TARI) during eight consecutive winters, adjusting for potential confounders using multivariable techniques. Although the study failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, we identified important potential confounding related to a greater likelihood of vaccinees than non-vaccinees to consult with a GP for respiratory infections. Fu... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218073 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218072&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000729%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The diagnosis of UTI in NICU is hampered by use of urine collection methods that are subject to contamination. Outcome is generally excellent, but there is a great need for guidelines on management of positive urine cultures in the NICU. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218072 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218071&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603411000078X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease varies geographically and in time and the risk of acquiring the disease varies regionally, as well as with living conditions and behavior. An area, in which meningococcal disease outbreaks have frequently occurred, is the “African meningitis belt”, where epidemics of meningococcal disease with a peak incidence as high as 100–800/100,000 population/year have been reported. Another risk factor is mass gatherings including the Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca), where outbreaks of meningococcal disease have repeatedly occurred. The latest outbreaks occurred during the Hajj pilgrimages of 2000 and 2001, when a shift from serogroup A disease to serogroup W135 occurred. Vaccination against serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y with novel... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218071 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218070&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000985%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218070 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009829&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000250%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Incidence rates of bacteraemia and catheter-related infections were measured prospectively amongst haematological patients having long-term catheters and hospitalised in the ambulatory care unit between November 2005 and October 2006. The following risk factors were collected: age, sex, catheter type, follow-up duration, level of personal hygiene, pathology, number of lines of treatment, autograft and erythropoietin treatment.340 patients were included, having 353 catheters (100 of the Groshong-type, followed during 17,621 days, and 253 of the type with implantable ports, followed during 51,049 days). 0.13 catheter-related infections and 0.07 bacteraemia per 100 catheter days were observed with the Groshong-type catheter, whereas 0.05 (P (Source: Journal of Infection and Public He... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009829 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009828&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603411000050X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Clinical guidelines for the prevention of OIs in HIV-infected individuals have been developed on the basis of natural history data collected in industrialized countries. Our results can be used to define local priorities for opportunistic infection prophylaxis. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009828 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009827&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000511%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, comprising of 30 patients, we have tried to find the diagnostic yield of bone marrow examination in finding the etiology of “FUO associated with HIV infection”. Though similar studies have been reported in the literature but it is lacking from eastern India.The majority of BM examination in this series revealed infections followed by hematological disorders. Our study showed the diagnostic yield of bone marrow examination in “HIV associated FUO” to be 26.7%. It was found to be positive in 33.3% of the patients, who had the final diagnosis of an infective etiology and 100% of the patients, who had a final diagnosis of an underlying hematological etiology. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009827 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009826&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603411000047X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This study suggests that CDI should be included in the differential diagnosis of community-onset diarrhea in patients with or without established risk factors for CDI. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009826 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009825&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000481%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report the first three cases of levofloxacin resistant S. pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary medical center in Beirut, Lebanon. Judicious use of antimicrobial agents is imperative to limit the spread of such resistant strains. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009825 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009824&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present a case which highlights several areas of concern relating to the prevention and management of varicella in Ireland. We review the pathophysiology of this virus and highlight its greater potential for morbidity in certain groups, most particularly adult males. The experience and opinions with regard to varicella vaccination in the US and other temperate countries is reviewed along with evidence of changing epidemiology of varicella infection. The National Immunisation Advisory Committee (NIAC) guidelines are reviewed in the context of our experience. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009824 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009823&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000493%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Anthrax is still an endemic disease in some countries in the world and has become a re-emerging disease in western countries with recent intentional outbreak. The aim of this study was to review our clinical experience with cutaneous anthrax cases. From the patient's files, transmission of the diseases, clinical findings and severity of infection, treatment and outcome of patients were recorded.Twenty-two cases were diagnosed as cutaneous anthrax in the last 7 years. Of these cases, 10 cases were severe form of cutaneous anthrax, 10 cases were mild form and 2 cases were toxemic shock due to cutaneous anthrax. The incubation period was between 1 and 17 days. The main clinical characteristics of the cases with severe cutaneous anthrax were fever, hemorrhagic bullous lesions surroun... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009823 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009822&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000419%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Socioeconomical approaches assessing quantitatively relationships between nations’ development and diseases epidemiology are still limited particularly in Latin America. In the case of the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI), few studies have explored its relationship and/or impact on the epidemiology of communicable and non-communicable diseases . The HDI is the normalized measure of life expectancy (LEI), literacy, education (EI), standard of living, and gross domestic product per capita (GDP index) for countries worldwide. This index is included in the Human Development Report (HDR), which is annually published by the UNDP using data of the 2 years before the date of the report (e.g. HDR of 2009 used data of year 2007). It is a standard means of... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009822 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009821&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000717%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia has issued the following requirements and recommendations for entry visas for the year 1431H (2010) Hajj and Umra seasons. (A) In accordance with the revised International Health Regulations (1) 2005, all travellers arriving from countries or areas at risk of yellow fever transmission (list of countries below) must present a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate showing that the person was vaccinated at least 10 days previously and not more than 10 years before arrival at the border. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009821 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4009820&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000705%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We are delighted to announce that Journal of Infection and Public Health has been selected to be indexed and included in MEDLINE. Citations for articles indexed, the indexing terms and the abstract printed in the journal are now searchable using PubMed (www.pubmed.gov). Indexing using the US National Library of Medicine's (NLM) advanced MeSH terminology will be retroactive from Volume 1, Issue 1 (2008) of the journal. MeSH is the NLM's structured vocabulary lexicon used for indexing articles for MEDLINE/PubMed. MeSH allows searchers to find information that may use different terminology for the same concepts. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4009820 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 18:38:42 +0100 4009820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3635002&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000249%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The weekly ritual visit to the barbers for a haircut and a shave is an essential part of life in many Asian and middle-eastern countries, including UAE. However the relaxed approach to hygiene standards practiced by some barbers is alarming. It is therefore encouraging to learn that local authorities in UAE are now planning to make proper infection control a priority in their inspection and licensing of barber shops . (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3635002 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3635002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3635001&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000031%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was undertaken to find the effectiveness of neostigmine and polyvalent antivenom in improving neuromuscular paralysis following bite. All the consecutive patients admitted between June 2007 and December 2008 with common krait bite, identified either from brought snake or circumstantial evidence were studied. Ten vials of polyvalent antivenom and three doses of 2.5mg neostigmine at 30min intervals after administration of 0.6mg of atropine were administered I.V. and patients were assessed for any improvement in neuroparalysis. Seventy-two patients were admitted during the study period. All the patients except two came from rural areas and were brought between June and September. Sixty-two patients were bitten during the day while clearing bricks, cutting grass or walking. The mean... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3635001 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3635001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3635000&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000195%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was designed to determine the detection of these species in the oral cavity of 240 generally healthy Kuwaiti children, divided into five age groups: (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3635000 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3635000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3634999&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000055%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Sociocultural and behavioural factors are involved in acceptance of LTBI treatment in, immigrant children. Adherence to treatment is challenging and requires comperhension of sociocultural beliefs and accessibility to TB clinic. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3634999 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3634999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3634998&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000237%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The study demonstrated that antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae is increasing in Kuwait. However, the results of MIC determinations indicated that penicillin can still be used for therapy of non-meningeal infections. High prevalence of erythromycin resistance suggests that therapy of pneumonia with a macrolide alone may result in failure and should be based on results of susceptibility testing. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3634998 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3634998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3634997&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000225%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study demonstrates that WNV was actively circulating during the study period in different areas in Egypt and causing febrile illness in a considerable proportion of individuals in the study sites. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3634997 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3634997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3634996&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034110000043%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Trichomoniasis (infection with Trichomonas vaginalis) is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STI) in the world. Although treatment is available, most cases occur in developing countries, where accessing healthcare is difficult and facilities are limited. Additionally, infection is often asymptomatic and as such goes untreated, creating reservoirs of T. vaginalis that allow the disease to spread within the community. Because of this there has been little success in controlling the incidence of trichomoniasis, especially amongst the underprivileged. The development of a vaccine against T. vaginalis could reduce the human costs (pregnancy complications, infertility), medical costs (repeated doctor visits, increased susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (H... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3634996 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 14:47:01 +0100 3634996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357560&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000562%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present an unusual case report of a myiasis in the upper lip of a patient admitted under the maxillofacial team at South Manchester Hospital. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357560 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100 3357560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357559&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000811%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, Shigella spp. isolated from symptomatic patients in Kuwait and the UAE demonstrated high rates of resistance to the first-line antibiotics but very susceptible to the carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and tigecycline. Tigecycline holds promise as a potential drug of choice for the therapy of severe shigellosis. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357559 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100 3357559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357558&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000793%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These results demonstrate that an educational program can significantly improve the proper practices for using hand rub and hand washing compliance. This study has also demonstrated that wearing rings, bracelets, watches and long nails impair hand gel application but that wedding rings, long sleeves and varnished nails do not. The finding of that hand hygiene effectiveness increased with time even prior to training indicates that knowledge gained by staff trained early diffused into those who had not yet been trained. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357558 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100 3357558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357557&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603410900094X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Infection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in the death of three million people worldwide per annum of which an estimated one thousand are in Saudi Arabia. The WHO has set a target for successful treatment of 85% but Saudi Arabia is currently not meeting that target. We believe that the first step in improving the control of tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia is to improve and unify the standards of diagnostic services and laboratories responsible for tuberculosis. This paper reviews the current status and suggests possible improvements. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357557 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100 3357557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357556&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603411000002X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Although uncommon, spontaneous and postoperative pyogenic spondylodiscitis entail major morbidity and may be associated with serious long-term sequelae. A review of the literature was done to advance our understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of these infections.The principles of conservative treatment are to establish an accurate microbiological diagnosis, treat with appropriate antibiotics, immobilize the spine, and closely monitor for spinal instability and neurological deterioration. The purpose of surgical treatment is to obtain multiple intraoperative cultures of bone and soft tissue, perform a thorough debridement of infected tissue and decompression of neural structures, and reconstruct the unstable spinal column with bone graft with or without concomitant ... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357556 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100 3357556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357555&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000938%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Environmental scientists are now raising great concern on the impact of drugs on the environment and microbiologists are concerned about increasing antibiotic resistance due to irrational usage. However, a focus on the impact by the use of antibiotics (irrational/prescribed) to the environment at therapeutic doses has not been instituted. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) defined “Pharmacovigilance” activities as the monitoring, detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of any adverse reactions to drugs at therapeutic concentration on animals and humans. Nevertheless, there is little attention being given to identifying the adverse effects (ADEs) of antimicrobial agents on the environment (given at therapeutic doses). This issue has been highlighted in the pre... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357555 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100 3357555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006890&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000598%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study demonstrated that vacA slml is common genotype of H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer and the vacA allele s1 of this bacterium is associated with ulcer. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006890 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006889&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603410900080X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The study was conducted to investigate a variation in the distribution of endemic elephantiasis previously determined to be of geochemical origin in three neighbouring and essentially homogenous villages, Bambili, Bambui and Finge of the Bambui Health District of NW Cameroon. A total of 301 subjects were examined for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in the area using standard procedures. The onchocercal microfilarial prevalence varied from 6.5% in Bambili through 20.4% in Bambui to 60.4% in Finge. The onchocercal serological prevalence based on IgG4 detection followed a similar trend. By contrast, blood microfilariae were absent in the area as verified by use of sensitive techniques. The community prevalence of elephantiasis varied from 1.1% in Bambili to 4.4% in Bambui and... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006889 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006888&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000653%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Anecdotal data from the southern and eastern Mediterranean region suggests that self-medication with antibiotics is commonly practiced in many countries. In order to provide proper information on the situation, we undertook short structured interviews in out-patients clinics or primary health centres in Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Tunisia and Turkey. A total of 2109 interviews were undertaken of which 1705 completed the full questionnaire. Self-medication was reported by 19.1% ( (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006888 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006887&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000641%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, extended sequence-based typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis were used in a combined approach in the aim to enhance discriminatory power of the molecular typing procedures. However, probably due to a common environmental reservoir and genetic stability, most of the strains circulating in the geographic area under study belong to the same clone and are, consequently, indistinguishable by molecular typing. Investigations of clinical cases and tracing to their environmental source require caution and support from sound epidemiological data. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006887 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006886&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603410900063X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A self-administered network-based questionnaire survey was conducted on 91 HIV-positive Chinese men having sex with men (MSM). Affiliation matrices were created to assess their networking pattern. The individuals’ preferential use of venues for sex partnership before HIV infection has changed over three time periods of 1997–2000, 2001–2003 and 2004–2006. Over time, there was a parallel increase in network density (density scores from 0.26, through 0.36, to 0.53) and degree centrality (from a median score of 9, through 12, to 16), suggesting that connectivity of MSM was becoming higher through sexual networks. The overall practice of unprotected sex has, however, remained the same. The study demonstrated how the application of social network analysis could enrich the epide... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006886 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006885&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000604%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Over the past years, the disease has been consistently reported as the first leading cause of outpatient visits, hospitalization and death in health facilities across the country. Thus, a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria from peripheral blood smear examination from the Serbo Health Center of Ethiopia. The case notes of all malaria cases treated between July 2007 and June 2008 were carefully reviewed and analyzed. Of the total 6863 smears, 3009 were found to be positive and contribute 43.8% of diagnostic yield. Plasmodium falciparum constituted the most predominant [64.6% (1946/3009 cases)], while Plasmodium vivax confirmed with 34.9% (1052/3009) cases. Among patients who underwent diagnos... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006885 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006884&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000628%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Patients with envenoming following snakebite should receive antivenom as soon as possible: delayed presentation or administration may be very dangerous. The decision to give antivenom should be initiated as soon as possible after patients’ arrival at the Emergency Department and the use of the whole blood clotting test (WBCT) may facilitate the early administration of antivenom. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006884 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006883&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000616%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The recent outbreak of human infection with a novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) virus is spreading rapidly through sustained human-to-human transmission in multiple countries. Human-to-human transmission occurs by inhalation of infectious droplets and droplet nuclei, and by direct contact, which is facilitated by air and land travel and social gatherings. The most frequently reported symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia, and sore throat. Detailed contact and travel histories and knowledge of viral activity in community are essential for prompt case detection by the health personnel. Real-time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis of throat swabs or lower respiratory samples is a sensitive means of diagnosis. Use of oral oseltamivir may be warranted for the tre... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006883 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 15:36:24 +0100 3006883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893276&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000501%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Recent study done by Khalifa Elmusharaf and Naeema Akbar at Dengue Fever Control Program – Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health – was not cited correctly in the reference number 11 in the references list of the above article. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893276 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893275&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000537%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abdulrahman A. Alrajhi in The Editorial (11 January 2009) described a premarital HIV screening (PHS) program in Saudi Arabia, with a prevalence rate of 0.026% among those screened during the first year. His focus on new issues for viral pathogen screening compared to hemoglobinopathies is wholly justified. As pointed out in the paper, acceptance by the community, the impact on marriage projects, confidentiality and stigma are all tremendously important. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893275 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893274&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000574%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the resistance pattern of organisms causing breakthrough UTIs varies with the choice of prophylaxis which should be taken into consideration in chosing empiric therapy for such infections. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893274 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893273&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000525%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: In conclusion, in addition to the utilization of CDC based criteria for vancomycin, we had shown that patient's chart review by a clinical pharmacists with a feed back to the physicians when guidelines were not met coupled with and educational efforts are effective methods to decrease inappropriate vancomycin usage. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893273 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893272&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000513%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised hosts. This pathogen has a tendency to form biofilms on the surface of indwelling catheters leading to acute and chronic urinary tract infections that result in significant morbidity and mortality. In the present study, kinetics of interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in mouse renal tissue was studied employing experimental mouse model of acute pyelonephritis induced with planktonic and biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa. IL-10 production was found to be significantly lower in biofilm cell instilled mice compared to planktonic cell infected animals, which corroborated with higher bacterial load and tissue damage. The data suggests that downregulation of IL-10 production may be novel strategy employed by biofilm cell... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893272 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893271&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000331%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: This is the first report from Bahrain and it indicates that the prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates is high. Carbapenems were the most active drug against the ESBL-producing isolates. We recommend strict infection control to prevent trafficking into the community. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893271 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893270&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000550%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The current study has introduced unprecedented novel dynamic model for the assessment of the microbiological outcome on both biofilm and shedding planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa in response to different dosing regimens of ofloxacin which in turn can simulate the clinical outcomes in biofilm associated infections of P. aeruginosa, e.g. cystic fibrosis. Furthermore, different scenarios of antibiotic dosing regimens against biofilm related infections can be mimicked using such model. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893270 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893269&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000549%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important risk factor for the global incidence and mortality of tuberculosis (TB) and has had a tremendous impact on the epidemiology and the control of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive TB cases in Canada as compared to HIV-negative cases.Methods: TB cases reported to the Canadian TB Reporting System (CTBRS) from 1997 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed and for those with known HIV serostatus, the distributions of age, sex, country of birth, smear and culture positivity, drug resistance, site of disease and treatment outcome were compared.Results: 2710 TB cases had a report of an HIV test with a 12.9% positivity rate. HIV-positive c... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893269 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893268&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000586%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. Catheterization of the urinary tract is the most common factor, which predisposes the host to these infections. Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is responsible for 40% of nosocomial infections, making it the most common cause of nosocomial infection. CAUTI accounts for more than 1 million cases in hospitals and nursing homes annually and often involve uropathogens other than Escherichia coli. While the epidemiology and pathogenic mechanisms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli have been extensively studied, little is known about the pathogenesis of UTIs caused by other organisms like Pseudomonas a... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893268 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:36:03 +0100 2893268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498560&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000306%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Our finding suggests that there is no association between ACI and positive CP-IgG in Iranian patients. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498560 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498559&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000252%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to determine the rate of Clostridium botulinum contamination in some traditional Iranian food products (cheese, kashk and salted fish) and evaluate the efficacy of the mouse bioassay method in detection of C. botulinum toxins in these foods. A total of 131 samples (57 cheese, 11 kashk and 63 salted fish) were collected and examined to determine the rate of contamination by C. botulinum. Standard monovalent anti-toxins were used to determine the types of toxin. C. botulinum bacteria were detected in 4.58% of the examined samples (1.52% of cheese and 3.06% of salted fish samples). While no contamination was detected in the kashk samples, C. botulinum types A and E were found to be dominant in cheese and salted fish samples, respectively. These results indicate—some traditi... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498559 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498558&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000276%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection has long been recognized as a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. The purpose of this study was to determine the colonization rate with GBS and the antibiotic susceptibility profile in pregnant women attending Gynecological clinics in Egypt. One-hundred and fifty vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women at 35–40 weeks of gestation. In comparison to culture, direct latex agglutination testing revealed 100% sensitivity and 93.75% specificity. Thirty-eight specimens (25.3%) were found to be positive for GBS. Each isolate was tested for susceptibility to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin and vancomycin. Erythromycin-resistant isolates were further classified by double-disk method. A... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498558 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498557&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000288%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: There was a decrease in the incidence of brucellosis over the study period. The highest incidence was in patients 40–49 years of age. Continued surveillance and efforts are needed to further decrease the cases of brucellosis. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498557 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498556&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000318%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: In December 2006, three human specimens were received that were suspected positive for influenza A(H5N1). The specimens were tested using real time PCR. And the presence of A(H5N1) virus was confirmed in 2 patients (16F and 26M), The NA sequence from A(H5N1) positive specimens collected before and after antiviral therapy revealed a mutation (N294S) (N295S according to N1 numbering), previously associated with resistance to oseltamivir. When tested with NA inhibition assays, the two N294S viruses from Egypt exhibited from 57 to 138-fold reduction in susceptibility to oseltamivir, depending on the assay. To our knowledge, this is the first time oseltamivir resistance has been detected in A(H5N1) infecting a human prior to treatment. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498556 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498555&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603410900032X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria are currently difficult to treat because many of these pathogens are now resistant to standard antimicrobial agents. As a result of the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed for clinical use. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of drugs that have activity against these Gram-positive pathogens. Daptomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin and dalbavancin are five antimicrobial agents that are useful for the treatment of infections due to drug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. This review focuses on their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, clinical effectiveness, drug interaction and safety. Thes... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498555 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498554&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000264%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Existing classifications of potential biological weapons, acknowledge only limited important parameters of biological weapon potential. Certain pathogen factors would further influence the outcome of a potential attack in context with social and political aspects of the time and space of the attack. The importance of these factors was investigated through various attack scenarios that have been developed by the authors, and an individual score for each of these factors was calculated, based on the overall effect their variation had in the scenario outcome. A new classification score for potential biological weapons was subsequently developed, one, which drastically alters the perception of risk for certain pathogens, such as filoviruses and anthrax. This frame further allows for m... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498554 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2498553&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS187603410900029X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infection control was put to the test when severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) spread from Asia, particularly affecting Canada and the United States. From late 2002 to the spring of the 2003, the virulent pathogen infected 8098 people, causing 774 deaths and igniting alarm before its spread was arrested. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2498553 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:12 +0100 2498553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395452&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000021%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background and aims: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in intravenous drug users (IDU) varies in different areas according to socioeconomic and geographical circumstances. The present study was performed to determine seroprevalence of HCV in IDU individuals in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and methods: 142 IDU patients were included in this retrospective study in Ahvaz southwest Iran from 2001 to 2006. Patients were placed in two groups determined by HCV Ab positive or negative status. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 11.5; SPSS Inc., USA) software.Results: Out of total 142 cases, 74 persons (52.11%) had a positive HCV-Ab test according to the ELISA method. There was no difference in age, sex, level of education, residency and co-infection with HIV and hepatitis B vi... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395452 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395451&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000033%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV was higher than that reported in developed world and CIN II–III are the most common stages in Toluca, State of Mexico. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395451 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395450&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000057%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Dengue is increasingly recognized as one of the world's major infectious diseases. Dengue vectors, human knowledge and human behavior have each been reported to play an important role in the transmission of the disease. A cross-sectional approach was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of high school female students, teachers and supervisors towards Dengue fever (DF), and to determine scoring predictors of high school students’ knowledge and practice scores. A multistage, stratified, random sample method was applied. A total of 2693 students, 356 teachers and 115 supervisors completed confidential self-administered questionnaires.Results: Students obtained the lowest mean knowledge score compared to the other two groups (F=51.5, P (Source: Journal of Infe... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395450 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395449&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000082%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The emergence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) follows multiple aetiological pathways requiring recognition for effective control and prevention. Infections are proving to be conventional, emerging and re-emerging aetiological factors for many NCDs. This review explores the possible mechanisms by which infections induce NCDs citing examples of studies in Africa and elsewhere where NCDs and infections are proposed or confirmed to be causally linked and also discusses the implications and challenges of these observations for science and medicine. The need to re-evaluate and expand early community and individual preventive and control strategies that will lead to reduction and even elimination of NCDs especially in Africa and other developing countries where infections are prevale... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395449 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395448&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000070%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Body piercing appears to be gaining popularity and social acceptance. With the increase in the number of piercings and tattoos, it is likely that health care providers may see an increase in the complications resulting from these piercings. These may include the transmission of hepatitis viruses and bacteria at the time of the piercing or in the course of wound care. We review the infectious complications that have resulted from body piercing and tattooing that has been documented in the medical literature. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395448 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395447&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000069%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes On 1/1/1429 H (10 January 2008), screening for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) became mandatory for both-to-be husband and wife in Saudi Arabia as a prerequisite for issuing marriage certificate. This is part of a national project spearheaded by Ministry of Health named the “Healthy Marriage Program”. The program started as a screening program for hemoglobinopathies; specifically sickle cell and thalassemias in 2004. In 2008, viral pathogen screening was added for HIV, hepatitis B and C viruses. The aim of including HIV is to prevent transmission of the virus to the newly married wives, as reports have indicated that 97% of heterosexually infected women in Saudi Arabia acquired the virus from their husbands . It is estimated that around 300,000 persons will be screened annually in... Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395447 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395446&cid=s_38418_46_f&fid=38418&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiph.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS1876034109000045%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In our modern era of medical science characterized by microsatellite arrays and gene therapy, it becomes increasingly challenging to advance the investigative needs of what I call “high impact orphan diseases.” These conditions occur commonly, present remarkably high morbidity and mortality, yet receive little if any research funding. Perhaps their common occurrence generates a sense of tolerance to their public health impact and encourages resources to flow toward less “garden-variety” conditions that promise cutting edge diagnostics and therapies. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health) Journal of Infection and Public Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395446 Thu, 07 May 2009 22:49:25 +0100 2395446