MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Integrative Neuroscience' source. Sat, 28 Jan 2012 12:05:18 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623058&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aur D, Jog M, Poznanski RR Abstract The electrodynamics of action potentials represents the fundamental level where information is integrated and processed in neurons. The Hodgkin-Huxley model cannot explain the non-stereotyped spatial charge density dynamics that occur during action potential propagation. Revealed in experiments as spike directivity, the non-uniform charge density dynamics within neurons carry meaningful information and suggest that fragments of information regarding our memories are endogenously stored in structural patterns at a molecular level and are revealed only during spiking activity. The main conceptual idea is that under the influence of electric fields, efficient computation by interaction occurs between charge densities embedded within molecul... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623058 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623057&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cacha LA, Poznanski RR Abstract In earlier models, synaptic plasticity forms the basis for cellular signaling underlying learning and memory. However, synaptic computation of learning and memory in the brain remains controversial. In this paper, we discuss ways in which synaptic plasticity remodels subcellular networks by deflecting trajectories in neuronal state-space as regulating patterns for the synthesis of dynamic continuity that form cognitive networks of associable representations through endogenous dendritic coding to consolidate memory. PMID: 22262534 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623057 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623056&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262535%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we discuss the most remarkable models used to describe Ca(2+) signaling in astrocytes. At the same time, we aim to revise the particulars of applying these models to interpret epifluorescent time series obtained from large regions of interest. Specially, we developed a detailed model for global Ca(2+) signaling in the somata of astrocytes. In order to estimate some of the parameters in our model, we propose a deductive reasoning strategy, i.e., a statistical inference method that results from combining a filtering technique and a maximum likelihood principle. By means of computer simulations, we evaluate the accuracy of this estimation's strategy. Finally, we use the new model, in combination with a recent experimental findings by our group, to estimate the degree of cluster... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623056 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623055&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cisternas JR, Valenti VE, Sato MA, Fonseca FL, Saldiva PH, De Mello Monteiro CB, Neto ML, Rodrigues LM, De Abreu LC Abstract Many studies have investigated the role of oxidative stress on cardiovascular system in the brainstem of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, we do not know yet if catalase inhibition influences cardiopulmonary reflex (Bezol-Jarisch reflex). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of central catalase inhibition on cardiopulmonary reflex in SHR. Males Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were implanted with a stainless steel guide cannula into the fourth cerebral ventricle (4th V). The femoral artery and vein were cannulated for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) measurement and drug infusion, respectively. The cardiopulmonary refle... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623055 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623054&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ouanezar S, Eskiizmirliler S, Maier MA Abstract Recent brain-machine interfaces (BMI) have demonstrated the use of intracortical signals for the kinematic control of robotic arms. However, for potential restoration of manual dexterity, two issues remain to be addressed: (1) Can hand and digit movements for dexterous manipulation be controlled in a similar way to arm movements? (2) Can the potentially large signal space for decoding of the many degrees of freedom (dof) of hand and digit movements be minimized? The first question addresses BMI control of dexterous prosthetic devices, while the second addresses the problem of whether few, but identified, neurons might provide adequate decoding. Asynchronous decoding of precision grip finger movement kinematics from identified... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623054 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623053&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kisley MA, Campbell AM, Larson JM, Naftz AE, Regnier JT, Davalos DB Abstract Emotional stimuli generally command more brain processing resources than non-emotional stimuli, but the magnitude of this effect is subject to voluntary control. Cognitive reappraisal represents one type of emotion regulation that can be voluntarily employed to modulate responses to emotional stimuli. Here, the late positive potential (LPP), a specific event-related brain potential (ERP) component, was measured in response to neutral, positive and negative images while participants performed an evaluative categorization task. One experimental group adopted a "negative frame" in which images were categorized as negative or not. The other adopted a "positive frame" in which the exact same images wer... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623053 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623052&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karanasiou IS, Papageorgiou C, Kyprianou M, Tsianaka EI, Matsopoulos GK, Ventouras EM, Uzunoglu NK Abstract The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential is associated with automatic perceptual inference concerning changes in auditory stimulation. Recent studies have addressed the question whether performance and MMN is affected by the direction of frequency deviance. In the present study, the frequency MMN and performance is investigated during an auditory identification task. Specifically, we examined the effect of positive and negative differences between the present stimulus and the previous response frequencies on performance as well as on the characteristics of stimulus-locked ERPs and brain activation maps. The results show that fre... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623052 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623051&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22262540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gemousakakis T, Kotini A, Anninos P, Zissimopoulos A, Prassopoulos P Abstract Magnetoencephalographic recordings were evaluated in five different states: normal condition, sweet, bitter, sour, and salt taste. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers, 14 male and 14 female, ranging from 12 to 50 years of age, were included in the study. The results showed that, in the normal condition, as well as in the sweet and the bitter taste, the male volunteers exhibited a higher count of low-frequency than high-frequency channels compared to the femal ones; in the case of the sour taste, there was no clear differentiation between the genders; with the salt taste, the female volunteers exhibited a higher count of low-frequency channels whereas there was no clear differentiation in the number o... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623051 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5623051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281250&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manuel M, Zytnicki D Abstract Since their discovery in the late 19th century our conception of motoneurons has steadily evolved. Motoneurons share the same general function: they drive the contraction of muscle fibers and are the final common pathway, i.e., the seat of convergence of all the central and peripheral pathways involved in motricity. However, motoneurons innervate different types of muscular targets. Ordinary muscle fibers are subdivided into three main subtypes according to their structural and mechanical properties. Intrafusal muscle fibers located within spindles can elicit either a dynamic, or a static, action on the spindle sensory endings. No less than seven categories of motoneurons have thereby been identified on the basis of their innervation pattern. ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281250 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281246&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: VAN DER Willigen RF, Goossens HH, VAN Opstal AJ Abstract It is well established that a localized population of neurons in the motor map of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) drives a saccadic eye-head gaze shift. However, there is controversy as to how the brainstem saccade burst generators decode the SC activity. We focus on eye-movement generation by comparing two competing schemes from the recent literature that are both supported by neurophysiological evidence: the vector-averaging scheme versus the vector summation model. Whereas the former contains at least four nonlinearities to explain visuomotor planning and saccade execution, the latter relies predominantly on linear operations. We have demonstrated that the summation model accounts for the nonlinear main sequ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281246 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281244&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rothwell JC Abstract The past 25 years have seen a resurgence of interest in the basal ganglia. In the 1980s, a series of studies yielded the now classic descriptions of basal ganglia connectivity and information flow that now dominates textbook descriptions. This was followed by the appearance of reward-based learning theories of corticostriatal function in which dopamine played a critical role in modulating corticostriatal connectivity. These advances have contributed enormously to our understanding of the basic principles of some of the circuits within these structures, and have dominated novel approaches to treatment of basal ganglia diseases. Yet even so, many of the common symptoms of Parkinson's disease or dystonia are incompletely understood, suggesting that these ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281244 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281230&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: D'Angelo E Abstract The rapid growth of cerebellar research is going to clarify several aspects of cellular and circuit physiology. However, the concepts about cerebellar mechanisms of function are still largely related to clinical observations and to models elaborated before the last discoveries appeared. In this paper, the major issues are revisited, suggesting that previous concepts can now be refined and modified. The cerebellum is fundamentally involved in timing and in controlling the ordered and precise execution of motor sequences. The fast reaction of the cerebellum to the inputs is sustained by specific cellular mechanisms ensuring precision on the millisecond scale. These include burst-burst reconversion in the granular layer and instantaneous frequency modulati... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281230 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281229&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Darling WG, Pizzimenti MA, Morecraft RJ Abstract This review discusses selected classical works and contemporary research on recovery of contralesional fine hand motor function following lesions to motor areas of the cerebral cortex in non-human primates. Findings from both the classical literature and contemporary studies show that lesions of cortical motor areas induce paresis initially, but are followed by remarkable recovery of fine hand/digit motor function that depends on lesion size and post-lesion training. Indeed, in recent work where considerable quantification of fine digit function associated with grasping and manipulating small objects has been observed, very favorable recovery is possible with minimal forced use of the contralesional limb. Studies of the mech... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281229 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281228&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karniel A Abstract Computational motor control covers all applications of quantitative tools for the study of the biological movement control system. This paper provides a review of this field in the form of a list of open questions. After an introduction in which we define computational motor control, we describe: a Turing-like test for motor intelligence; internal models, inverse model, forward model, feedback error learning and distal teacher; time representation, and adaptation to delay; intermittence control strategies; equilibrium hypotheses and threshold control; the spatiotemporal hierarchy of wide sense adaptation, i.e., feedback, learning, adaptation, and evolution; optimization based models for trajectory formation and optimal feedback control; motor memory, the... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281228 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5281228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009072&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moskalenko YE, Ryabchikova NA, Weinstein GB, Halvorson P, Vardy TC The cerebral blood flow values used in experimental and clinical investigations as the informative criteria for brain blood supply are often misleading. The correlation between the cerebral blood supply and brain function is not proven in all cases. An increase of brain activity is known to be accompanied by a rise of blood flow in activated regions, while a decreased activity results in a decreased blood flow. This demonstrates the close correlation between the brain blood supply and its activity. Such a correlation had not been noted in the age-dependent decrease of cerebral blood flow, suggesting the existence of special age-related mechanisms that develop with age to maintain brain metabolism. The biomechan... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009072 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009071&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714136%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, acute NAC into the 4th V does not improve baroreflex in juvenile SHR. PMID: 21714136 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009071 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009070&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Talis VL, Levik YS The aim of the present work was to determine if the elbow joint instability and translatory movements during elbow flexion lead to significant errors in elbow angle perception. The matching elbow was fixed on a rocking platform of two different heights so that the elbow flexion was associated with tilting movement of the support and the angle/torque relationship changed depending on the height of the platform. The matching on any of the rocking supports did not cause an over-flexion constant error but it did increase the error variance, especially in the high rocking support condition. An adaptation to the rocking support condition was revealed by an after-effect resulting in an overestimation of the reference angle in the final testing on a rigid support. I... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009070 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009069&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714138%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present findings suggest that Wi-Fi exposure may exert gender-related alterations on neural activity associated with the amount of attentional resources engaged during a linguistic test adjusted to induce WM. PMID: 21714138 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009069 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009068&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714139%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 26 subjects threw 30 light-weight balls at a target with and without vision-distorting goggles. The horizontal displacement from a bull's-eye target was measured and the rate and degree of adaptation were computed. The adaptation parameters were correlated with evoked and event-related potential (EP/ERP) measures of the subject's ability to suppress irrelevant information and respond to novel stimuli. Only a weak (or a trend to) correlation was found between the behavioral adaptation and some of the EP/ERP measures. The correlations were limited to EP parameters in the 100 to 200 ms post-stimulus range reflecting the ability to suppress irrelevant information. Thus we conclude that the speed with which an individual adapts to a new environment is at best weakly correlated wi... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009068 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009067&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21714140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jalili M, Knyazeva MG We consider electroencephalograms (EEGs) of healthy individuals and compare the properties of the brain functional networks found through two methods: unpartialized and partialized cross-correlations. The networks obtained by partial correlations are fundamentally different from those constructed through unpartial correlations in terms of graph metrics. In particular, they have completely different connection efficiency, clustering coefficient, assortativity, degree variability, and synchronization properties. Unpartial correlations are simple to compute and they can be easily applied to large-scale systems, yet they cannot prevent the prediction of non-direct edges. In contrast, partial correlations, which are often expensive to compute, reduce predictin... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009067 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5009067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647575&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425479%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, central catalase inhibition influenced the highest parasympathetic response to MAP increase in conscious Wistar rats without change baroreflex gain. PMID: 21425479 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647575 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647574&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425480%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christian Skottun B It has been proposed, particularly in connection with dyslexia and schizophrenia, that motion perception can be used to assess magnocellular integrity. This suggestion is examined in this paper. The following observations are made: (1) motion information, i.e., information about direction and speed, is extracted at the cortical level, (2) the magnocellular system provides input to the motion selective cortical entities, and (3) so do the parvo- and koniocellular systems. Therefore, although the magnocellular system clearly has the ability to influence motion perception so do other parts of the visual system, e.g., cortical mechanisms. It is concluded that motion perception by itself is not a reliable test of magnocellular integrity. PMID: 21425480 [PubM... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647574 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647573&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skottun BC, Skoyles JR Schizophrenia, it has been hypothesized, is linked to a deficiency in the magnocellular portion of the visual system. Abnormal backward masking has been invoked as support for this hypothesis. The rationale for linking backward masking to the magnocellular system is the hypothesis that fast responses in the magnocellular systems catches up with, and then inhibits slower responses in the parvocellular system. However, the latency difference between the magno- and parvocellular systems is at most 20 ms. Magnocellular abnormalities as a result would be expected to manifest themselves only at relatively short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) or interstimulus intervals (ISIs). The present study examines this implication. It is found that a substantial numbe... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647573 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647572&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bókkon I, Salari V, Tuszynski JA Recently, we put forward a redox molecular hypothesis involving the natural biophysical substrate of visual perception and imagery. Here, we explicitly propose that the feedback and feedforward iterative operation processes can be interpreted in terms of a homunculus looking at the biophysical picture in our brain during visual imagery. We further propose that the brain can use both picture-like and language-like representation processes. In our interpretation, visualization (imagery) is a special kind of representation i.e., visual imagery requires a peculiar inherent biophysical (picture-like) mechanism. We also conjecture that the evolution of higher levels of complexity made the biophysical picture representation of the external visual wor... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647572 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647571&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425483%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rahnama M, Tuszynski JA, Bókkon I, Cifra M, Sardar P, Salari V In this paper we argue that, in addition to electrical and chemical signals propagating in the neurons of the brain, signal propagation takes place in the form of biophoton production. This statement is supported by recent experimental confirmation of photon guiding properties of a single neuron. We have investigated the interaction of mitochondrial biophotons with microtubules from a quantum mechanical point of view. Our theoretical analysis indicates that the interaction of biophotons and microtubules causes transitions/fluctuations of microtubules between coherent and incoherent states. A significant relationship between the fluctuation function of microtubules and alpha-EEG diagrams is elaborated on in this pa... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647571 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647570&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425484%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stephanova DI, Krustev SM, Daskalova M To expand our studies on the mechanisms underlying the clinical decline of the nerve excitability properties in patients with hereditary demyelinating neuropathies, the contribution of myelin sheath aqueous layers on multiple membrane properties of simulated fiber demyelinations is investigated. Three progressively greater degrees of internodal systematic demyelinations (two mild and one severe termed as ISD1, ISD2 and ISD3, respectively) without/with aqueous layers are simulated using our previous multi-layered model of human motor nerve fiber. The calculated multiple membrane excitability properties are as follows: potentials (intracellular action, electrotonic), strength-duration time constants, rheobasic currents and recovery cycles. ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647570 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647569&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stephanova DI, Krustev SM, Negrev N, Daskalova M Recently, patients with chronic demyelinating neuropathies have demonstrated significant abnormalities in their multiple nerve excitability properties measured by a non-invasive threshold tracking technique. In order to expand our studies on the possible mechanisms underlying these abnormalities, which are not yet well understood, we investigate the contributions of the aqueous layers within the myelin sheath on multiple membrane properties of simulated fibre demyelinations. Four degrees of systematic paranodal demyelinations (two mild demyelinations termed PSD1 and PSD2, without/with aqueous layers respectively, and two severe demyelinations termed PSD3 and PSD4, with/without aqueous layers, respectively) are simulated using ou... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647569 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647568&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takahara Y, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y One of the problems in imaging from brain tissues is light-scattering. Thus, multiphoton laser scanning microscopy is widely used to optically access fluorescent signals located deeply in tissues. Here we report that Nipkow-type spinning-disk one-photon confocal microscopy, which embodies high temporal resolution and slow photobleaching, is also capable of imaging tissues to a depth of up to 150 μm. Using a Nipkow-disk microscope, we conducted functional multi-cell calcium imaging of CA3 neurons from in toto intact hippocampal preparations and astrocytes from in vivo neocortical layer 1. This novel application of Nipkow-disk microscopy expands the potential usefulness of this type of microscopy and will contribute to our understanding of natur... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647568 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4411424&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21261130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riera J, Sosa PV PMID: 21261130 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4411424 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4411424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343751&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sotero RC, Bortel A, Martínez-Cancino R, Neupane S, O'Connor P, Carbonell F, Shmuel A We propose a neural mass model for anatomically-constrained effective connectivity among neuronal populations residing in four layers (L2/3, L4, L5 and L6) within a cortical column. Eight neuronal populations in a given column - an excitatory population and an inhibitory population per layer - are assumed to be coupled via effective connections of unknown strengths that need to be estimated. The effective connections are constrained to anatomical connections that have been shown to exist in previous anatomical studies. The neural input to a cortical column is directed into the two populations in L4. The anatomically-constrained effective connectivity is captured by a system of 16 stochastic ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343751 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343750&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bosch-Bayard J, Riera-Diaz J, Biscay-Lirio R, Wong KF, Galka A, Yamashita O, Sadato N, Kawashima R, Aubert-Vazquez E, Rodriguez-Rojas R, Valdes-Sosa P, Miwakeichi F, Ozaki T For the purpose of statistical characterization of the spatio-temporal correlation structure of brain functioning from high-dimensional fMRI time series, we introduce an innovation approach. This is based on whitening the data by the Nearest-Neighbors AutoRegressive model with external inputs (NN-ARx). Correlations between the resulting innovations are an extension of the usual correlations, in which mean-correction is carried out by the dynamic NN-ARx model instead of the static, standard linear model for fMRI time series. Measures of dependencies between regions are defined by summarizing correlations am... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343750 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343749&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213412%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents a novel method for activation detection in task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm. The basic concept stems mainly from the idea that the EMD performs well in isolating the imbedded stimulus from the activated Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal. The power of the proposed method was compared with the General Linear Model (GLM), spatial Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Region Growing (RG) methods on simulated and real datasets. Experimental results suggest an almost identical performance for the proposed method compared with the standard approach of fMRI signal detection (the GLM), which indicates that it is to become a viable alternative to fMRI analysis. PMID: 21213412 [Pub... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343749 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343748&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213413%26dopt%3DAbstract We present an algorithm for estimating the parameters of the linear transformations and of the HRF within a rigorous maximum-likelihood framework. Using this approach, an optimal amount of both the spatial smoothing and the HRF can be estimated simultaneously for a given FMRI data set. An example from a motor-task experiment is discussed. It is found that, for this data set, weak, but non-zero, spatial smoothing is optimal. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that activated regions can be estimated within the maximum-likelihood framework. PMID: 21213413 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343748 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343747&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosa MJ, Daunizeau J, Friston KJ The diverse nature of cerebral activity, as measured using neuroimaging techniques, has been recognised long ago. It seems obvious that using single modality recordings can be limited when it comes to capturing its complex nature. Thus, it has been argued that moving to a multimodal approach will allow neuroscientists to better understand the dynamics and structure of this activity. This means that integrating information from different techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and the blood oxygenated level dependent (BOLD) signal recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), represents an important methodological challenge. In this work, we review the work that has been done thus far to derive EEG/fMRI integration approac... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343747 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343746&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chan KC, Cheung MM, Wu EX The integrity of the neuronal connections between eye and brain plays an important role in the performance of the mammalian visual system. However, the developmental and pathophysiological mechanisms in the visual system are largely unexplored due to the lack of a sensitive technique for directly assessing both anterior and posterior visual pathways longitudinally under the same experimental conditions. This paper reviewed the recent use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic (MRI/MRS) methods (contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion MRI, proton MRS and functional MRI) at high magnetic field strengths, for in vivo and global assessments of the structure, metabolism and function of the visual system in normal, developing and injured rodent brains. Us... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343746 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4343746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155359&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21064217%26dopt%3DAbstract "MEMORY BYTES" - MOLECULAR MATCH FOR CaMKII PHOSPHORYLATION ENCODING OF MICROTUBULE LATTICES. J Integr Neurosci. 2010 Sep;9(3):253-67 Authors: Hameroff SR, Craddock TJ, Tuszynski JA Learning, memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) are supported by factors including post-synaptic calcium ion flux activating and transforming the hexagonal calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) holoenzyme. Upon calcium-induced activation, up to six kinase domains extend upward, and up to six kinase domains extend downward from the CaMKII association domain, the fully activated holoenzyme resembling a robotic insect 20 nanometers in length. Each extended kinase domain can be phosphorylated, and able to phosphorylate other proteins, thus potentially further encoding synaptic information at intraneur... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155359 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155358&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21064218%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin YW, Hsieh CL Vascular dementia is one of the most important causes that account for 20-40% of all dementia cases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether electroacupuncture can reduce behavior deficit and long-term potentiation (LTP) in vascular dementia. Here we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) technique to induce a vascular dementia model with additional electroacupuncture (EA) manipulation. Behaviors were impaired in animals with MCAo, and similar results were observed with long-term potentiation induction. MCAo decreased the expression of LTP from 180.4±14.9% to 112.5±18.3%, suggesting that cerebral ischemia could impair the hippocampal LTP. In addition, immunostaining results showed that the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155358 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155357&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21064219%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poznanski RR A reaction-diffusion model is presented to encapsulate calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) as a potential mechanism for somatofugal bias of dendritic calcium movement in starburst amacrine cells. Calcium dynamics involves a simple calcium extrusion (pump) and a buffering mechanism of calcium binding proteins homogeneously distributed over the plasma membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum within starburst amacrine cells. The system of reaction-diffusion equations in the excess buffer (or low calcium concentration) approximation are reformulated as a nonlinear Volterra integral equation which is solved analytically via a regular perturbation series expansion in response to calcium feedback from a continuously and uniformly distributed calcium sources. Calculation ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155357 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155356&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21064220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poznanski RR Optical imaging of dendritic calcium signals provided evidence of starburst amacrine cells exhibiting calcium bias to somatofugal motion. In contrast, it has been impractical to use a dual-patch clamp technique to record membrane potentials from both proximal dendrites and distal varicosities of starburst amacrine cells in order to unequivocally prove that they are directionally sensitive to voltage, as was first suggested almost two decades ago. This paper aims to extend the passive cable model to an active cable model of a starburst amacrine cell that is intrinsically dependent on the electrical properties of starburst amacrine cells, whose various macroscopic currents are described quantitatively. The coupling between voltage and calcium just below the membrane... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155356 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4155355&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21064221%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, an excitatory mechanism appeared to generate directional selectivity while asymmetric inhibitory connections enhance directional selectivity in retina. PMID: 21064221 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4155355 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4155355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3734404&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20597207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poznanski RR PMID: 20597207 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3734404 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3734404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3722183&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20589950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Craddock TJ, Tuszynski JA, Priel A, Freedman H The neuronal cytoskeleton has been hypothesized to play a role in higher cognitive functions including learning, memory and consciousness. Experimental evidence suggests that both microtubules and actin filaments act as biological electrical wires that can transmit and amplify electric signals via the flow of condensed ion clouds. The potential transmission of electrical signals via the cytoskeleton is of extreme importance to the electrical activity of neurons in general. In this regard, the unique structure, geometry and electrostatics of microtubules are discussed with the expected impact on their specific functions within the neuron. Electric circuit models of ionic flow along microtubules are discussed in the context of exper... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3722183 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3722183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3722182&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20589951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orpwood RD This paper explores the implications of a recently published theory that relates the experience of qualia to the attractor activity in networks of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex. The paper builds on this theory, and aims to link activity in different networks to the nature of the qualia experienced. Some basic links between network activity and qualia experiences are initially presented, showing the importance of learning, and the paper then proceeds to relate these mechanisms to the qualia experienced during sensory perception. The paper argues that attractor behavior in networks of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons could underpin the vivid sensory qualia of perception, and attractor behavior in networks of layer 5A pyramidal neurons could have a role in the more... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3722182 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3722182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3722181&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20589952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewis ER, Macgregor RJ We begin with premises about natural science, its fundamental protocols and its limitations. With those in mind, we construct alternative descriptive models of consciousness, each comprising a synthesis of recent literature in cognitive science. Presuming that consciousness arose through natural selection, we eliminate the subset of alternatives that lack selectable physical phenotypes, leaving the subset with limited free will (mostly in the form of free won't). We argue that membership in this subset implies a two-way exchange of energy between the conscious mental realm and the physical realm of the brain. We propose an analogy between the mental and physical phases of energy and the phases (e.g., gas/liquid) of matter, and a possible realization in t... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3722181 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3722181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3722180&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20589953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vimal RL We incorporate the dual-mode concept in our dual-aspect PE-SE (proto-experience-subjective experience) framework. The two modes are: (1) the non-tilde mode that is the physical (material) and mental aspect of cognition (memory and attention) related feedback signals in a neural-network, which refers to the cognitive nearest past approaching towards present; and (2) the tilde mode that is the material and mental aspect of the feed-forward signals due to external environmental input and internal endogenous input, which pertains to the nearest future approaching towards present and is a entropy-reversed representation of non-tilde mode. Furthermore, one could argue that there are at least five sub-pathways in the stimulus-dependent feed-forward pathway and cognitive feed... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3722180 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3722180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3692021&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20229644%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Podladchikova LN PMID: 20229644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3692021 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3692021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3374541&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20229644%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Podladchikova LN PMID: 20229644 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3374541 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3374541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337320&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205293%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Talis VL, Kazennikov OV, Solopova IA, Ioffe ME Using the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex we examined changes in the motor evoked potential (MEP) during natural bimanual unloading, during lifting of an equivalent weight by the contralateral arm while the ipsilateral forearm was held stationary (CONTRA) and during practice of unnatural unloading. During natural unloading, MEP amplitude decreased proportionally to the muscle activity. In CONTRA task MEP amplitude decreased, but the muscle activity was not changed. It suggests that the motor cortex activity related to the "postural" arm was inhibited by the contralateral motor cortex related to the "lifting" arm. This inhibition was diminished during the unloading task. When learning the unnatural unloading... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337320 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337319&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205294%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the influence of analysis stimulus content on the reaction time (RT) and parameters of the brain activity was investigated. Thirty healthy right-handed volunteers (mean age 24 years) participated in the study. The dynamics of RT, characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP) components during perception of digits and non-verbal stimuli were analyzed. The specificity of RT's asymmetry in simple and complex visual-motor reactions depended on stimulus type was revealed. The similarity of early ERP components (peak latency of 100-200 ms) for both stimuli types in simple and complex visual-motor reaction was shown. We also described the formation of specific ERP configuration for digits differentiation such as a left-sided asymmetry of component... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337319 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337318&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205295%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Logvinov AK, Kirichenko EY, Povilaitite PE Results about the spindle-like activity peculiarities and the dendro-dendritic gap-junctions numbers in the infragranular and supragranular layers (modules) of the rat somatic cortex columns are presented. During simultaneous recording of extracellular field potentials from the cortical columns, the following was revealed: (i) the spindle-like activity was more synchronized inside one cortical column than in different columns; (ii) in most of the experiments (9 out of 10) an amplitude of the spindle waves was two times more in the supragranular layers than in the infragranular layers. During electron microscopy investigation of the experimental objects used in the electrophysiological study, it was shown that the number of the gap-jun... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337318 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337317&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205296%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fedorenko GM, Uzdensky AB In order to explore neuroglial relationships in a simple nervous system, the ultrastructure of crayfish stretch receptor, which consists of only two sensory neurons enveloped by satellite glial cells, was studied. Neuronal Golgi complex was oriented such that its output trans-Golgi network usually faced the bundles of microtubules within the neuronal cytoplasm and very rarely to the outer membrane. Therefore, it participates mainly in the processing of proteins transported along microtubules to distal neuron parts rather than those transported to glial cells. Structural triads of submembrane cisterns-vesicles-mitochondria were involved in formation of glial protrusions into the neuronal cytoplasm. The double-wall vesicles within the neuron body were t... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337317 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337316&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205297%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moshkov DA, Mikhailova GZ, Grigorieva EE, Shtanchaev RS The structural mechanisms that control the neuronal functional activity maintaining the brain functional asymmetry were studied using the relationship between the function and structure of goldfish Mauthner neurons (MNs) responsible for fish motor asymmetry as a model. It was shown for the first time that the dominant activity in one of the two counter neurons symmetrically situated in the medulla oblongata directly correlates with changes in its integral volume and is inversely regulated by the size of its ventral dendrite. It is known that the variability of the neuron dimensions is due to changes in the actin component of the cytoskeleton. The experimental data presented are discussed in terms of the involvement of cyt... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337316 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337315&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205298%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ratushnyak AS, Zapara TA In the present work, it was experimentally shown that a neuron in vitro was capable of responding in a manner similar to habituation, Pavlov's reflex and avoidance of the reinforcements. The locality of plastic property modifications and molecular morphology, as well as the connection between functional activity and cytoskeleton have been revealed. A hypothesis is formulated that the neuron is a molecular system which may exercise the control, forecast, recognition, and classification. The basic principles of the molecular mechanisms of the responses underlying integrative activity, learning and memory at the neuronal level are discussed. PMID: 20205298 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337315 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337314&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shishkin SL, Ganin IP, Basyul IA, Zhigalov AY, Kaplan AY One of the widely used paradigms for the brain-computer interface (BCI), the P300 BCI, was proposed by Farwell and Donchin as a variation of the classical visual oddball paradigm, known to elicit the P300 component of the brain event-related potentials (ERP). We show that this paradigm, unlike the standard oddball paradigm, elicit not only the P300 wave but also a strong posterior N1 wave. Moreover, we present evidence that the sensitivity of this ERP component to targets cannot be explained by the variations of the perceived stimuli energy. This evidence is based on comparing the ERP obtained for usual P300 BCI stimuli and for the "inverted" stimulation scheme with low stimulus related variations of light energy (gray l... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337314 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337313&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205300%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Podladchikova LN, Shaposhnikov DG, Koltunova TI, Dyachenko AV, Gusakova VI The prospective goal of our study is a quantitative estimation of the contribution of various factors and mechanisms during image viewing. In this paper, experimental data about temporal dynamics of eye movement parameters and viewing trajectory are considered. Three images were presented to each subject (n = 12) under two experimental conditions: "free viewing of initial images" and "search for modified regions in previously presented images". Averaged fixation duration and saccade amplitude, as well as type of viewing trajectory were determined in each consequent period of trials having 30 fixation points. Viewing trajectories were classified into three types: (1) scanning, (2) grouped, and (3) mixed.... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337313 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3337312&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20205301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ibrahim R The focus on interhemispheric interaction and integration has become a prominent aspect of laterality research. The aim of the present behavioral study was to determine whether hemisphere advantage differs between language groups. This was done by comparing how hemisphere advantage affects interhemispheric integration in monolingual and in bilingual individuals. Sixty university students (20 English monolinguals, 20 Hebrew bilinguals, and 20 balanced Arabic bilinguals) participated in two experiments, in which a lexical decision task was performed in the left and/or right visual field. Stimuli were presented unilaterally and bilaterally, whereby participants were cued to respond to the stimuli. In Experiment 1, all three groups showed an effect of lexicality, that is... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3337312 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3337312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3034150&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19938207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deng B Electronic circuit analogues of biological membranes are presented, by which the passive channels are modeled as parallel and serial combinations of resistors (Ohmic conductors) and diffusors (negative non-Ohmic conductors), and the active channels of the one-way ion pumps are modeled as one-way inductors. We show that our simple analog models can reproduce known phenomena of membrane excitability such as the generation of action potentials and spike bursts. PMID: 19938207 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3034150 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3034150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3034149&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19938208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hidaka S Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is a common neurotransmitter/neuromodulator found widely in the nervous system. Cellular morphology and retinal distribution of serotonergic amacrine cells in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) retina are identified using monoclonal anti-5HT antibody. These cells receive ribbon synapses from OFF-center (hyperpolarizing) bipolar cells as well as conventional synapses with other non-serotonergic amacrine cells. Output synapses from the serotonergic cells are mainly channel onto retinal ganglion cells. Output synapses from the serotonergic cells occur as "the branched synapses" onto the ganglion cell dendrites at the dyads of the ribbon synaptic sites, and are made onto the ganglion cells, apart from the ribbon synapses. Appl... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3034149 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3034149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3034148&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19938209%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Damjanović I, Maximova E, Maximov V Responses from two types of orientation-selective units of retinal origin (detectors of horizontal lines and detectors of vertical lines) were recorded extracellularly from their axon terminals in the medial sublamina of tectal retinorecipient layer of immobilized cyprinid fish Carassius gibelio. Excitatory and inhibitory influences across receptive fields of orientation-selective units were evaluated. Positions, sizes and forms of the responsive parts of the receptive field were estimated by moving edges and flashing narrow light and dark stripes. It was shown that the orientation-selective units in fish are characterized by small responsive receptive fields with mean width of 4.8 +/- 1.6 degrees (n = 176). The comparison of different... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3034148 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3034148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3034147&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19938210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poznanski RR The continuity of the mind is suggested to mean the continuous spatiotemporal dynamics arising from the electrochemical signature of the neocortex: (i) globally through volume transmission in the gray matter as fields of neural activity, and (ii) locally through extrasynaptic signaling between fine distal dendrites of cortical neurons. If the continuity of dynamical systems across spatiotemporal scales defines a stream of consciousness then intentional metarepresentations as templates of dynamic continuity allow qualia to be semantically mapped during neuroimaging of specific cognitive tasks. When interfaced with a computer, such model-based neuroimaging requiring new mathematics of the brain will begin to decipher higher cognitive operations not possible with exi... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3034147 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3034147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3034146&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19938211%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bandettini PA Functional MRI (fMRI) is a non-invasive brain imaging methodology that started in 1991 and allows human brain activation to be imaged at high resolution within only a few minutes. Because it has extremely high sensitivity, is relatively easy to implement, and can be performed on most standard clinical MRI scanners. It continues to grow at an explosive rate throughout the world. Over the years, at any given time, fMRI has been defined by only a handful of major topics that have been the focus of researchers using and developing the methodology. In this review, I attempt to take a snapshot of the field of fMRI as it is in mid-2009 by discussing the seven topics that I feel are most on the minds of fMRI researchers. The topics are, in no particular order or grouping... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3034146 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3034146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2622331&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618484%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine whether evidence of tolerance to oxygen nutrient deprivation exists in the chronic cultures of the naked mole rats hippocampal slices. We used oxygen nutrient deprivation (OND), an in vitro model of hypoxia tolerance, to determine neuronal survival in the hippocampal slices of mole rats and rats (Rattus sp.). Our results indicate that hippocampal slices of mole rats kept in hypoxic condition consistently tolerate OND right from the onset time of 5 hrs and the tolerance to OND is maintained for 24 hrs, suggesting that there is evidence of tolerance to OND in hippocampal slices of mole rats. PMID: 19618484 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2622331 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2622331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2622330&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nothdurft HC, Pigarev IN, Kastner S In order to investigate the search performance and strategies of nonhuman primates, two macaque monkeys were trained to search for a target template among differently oriented distractors in both free-gaze and fixed-gaze viewing conditions (overt and covert search). In free-gaze search, reaction times (RT) and eye movements revealed the theoretically predicted characteristics of exhaustive and self-terminating serial search, with certain exceptions that are also observed in humans. RT was linearly related to the number of fixations but not necessarily to the number of items on display. Animals scanned the scenes in a nonrandom manner spending notably more time on targets and items inspected last (just before reaction). The characteristics of... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2622330 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2622330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2622329&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618486%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to examine the relative involvement of visual cortex areas (involved in form perception) and parietal and frontal regions (involved in attention), in the visual integration impairment in schizophrenia. Fourteen patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls were compared on behavioral performance and data acquired via fMRI while completing a contour integration task that had previously been used to identify a visual integration deficit in schizophrenia. The schizophrenia patients demonstrated poorer visual integration than controls. Analyses of peak signal change indicated that while the groups were equivalent in area V1, the schizophrenia group demonstrated reduced signal in areas V2-V4, which are the earliest regions sensi... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2622329 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2622329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2622328&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618487%26dopt%3DAbstract This study addressed a macroscopic neurophysiological phenomenon - supernormality during the recovery phase of propagating axonal impulses - in explicit chemical terms. Excitation was reconstructed numerically using the kinetic scheme of multiple-state probabilistic transitions within a population of voltage-dependent sodium channels (NaCh) derived by Vandenberg and Bezanilla ("PC" scheme). Each NaCh transition was characterized as a reversible Markov process with voltage-dependent rate constants associated with each respective directional transition. While recovery reconstructed with the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism included a supernormal period, the PC scheme did not. The present analysis showed that the occurrence and degree of supernormality with the PC scheme was determined by the relativ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2622328 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2622328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2622327&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chinellato E, Del Pobil AP The topic of vision-based grasping is being widely studied in humans and in other primates using various techniques and with different goals. The fundamental related findings are reviewed in this paper, with the aim of providing researchers from different fields, including intelligent robotics and neural computation, a comprehensive but accessible view on the subject. A detailed description of the principal sensorimotor processes and the brain areas involved is provided following a functional perspective, in order to make this survey especially useful for computational modeling and bio-inspired robotic applications. PMID: 19618488 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2622327 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2622327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525873&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lapshin DN, Vorontsov DD The auditory system of noctuoid moths capable to respond to ultrasounds has long been a model for anti-predator studies in neuroethology. Many moths avoid hunting bats by listening for their echolocation calls and taking evasive manoeuvres to escape predation. Besides these flight defences, certain tiger moths (Arctiidae) emit high-frequency clicks to jam the echolocator of an attacking bat. Another suggested function for ultrasonic audition in moths along with their capability to emit loud ultrasonic clicks was pulse echolocation. However, it seemed difficult to arrange sufficient temporal resolution in a simple invertebrate auditory system. Here we present an evidence of moth's capability to perceive an echo following its own click with a very short ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525873 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525872&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abatzoglou I, Anninos P, Tsalafoutas I, Koukourakis M Magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings of 8 patients with advanced Alzheimer Disease (AD) and 9 normal individuals were obtained with a 122-channel whole head biomagnetometer SQUID (Superconductive Quantum Interference Device) to record the minute magnetic fields generated by the brain. The obtained MEG signals were analyzed using linear signal analysis techniques such as Fourier Transform in order to get the frequency distribution of MEG values. The obtained frequencies from all MEG sensors located outside the scalp of each subject were stored for evaluation. From this evaluation it was concluded that in patients with AD the dominant frequencies were significantly lower compared to normal individuals. PMID: 19412977 [Pu... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525872 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525871&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barakova E, Gillessen J, Feijs L The ability of autistic children to learn by applying logical rules has been used widely in behavioral therapies for social training. We propose to teach social skills to autistic children through games that simultaneously stimulate social behavior and include recognition of elements of social interaction. For this purpose we created a multi-agent platform of interactive blocks, and we created appropriate games that require shared activities leading to a common goal. The games included perceiving and understanding elements of social behavior that non-autistic children can recognize. We argue that the importance of elements of social interaction such as perceiving interaction behaviors and assigning metaphoric meanings has been overlooked, and t... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525871 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525870&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gafarov F, Khusnutdinov N, Galimyanov F It is currently accepted that cortical maps are dynamic constructions that are altered in response to external input. Experience-dependent structural changes in cortical microcircuits lead to changes of activity, i.e., changes in information encoded. Specific patterns of external stimulation can lead to creation of new synaptic connections between neurons. The calcium influxes controlled by neuronal activity regulate the processes of neurotrophic factors released by neurons, growth cones movement and synapse differentiation in developing neural systems. We propose a model for description and investigation of the activity dependent development of neural networks. The dynamics of the network parameters (activity, diffusion of axon guidance... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525870 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525869&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bennani O, Chauvet G, Chauvet P, Dupont JM, Jouen F The modeling and simulation of a realistic nervous tissue are difficult because of the number of implied cell types (neuronal and glial), the topology of the networks, and the various heterogeneous molecular mechanisms. The MTIP (Mathematical Theory of Integrative Physiology) is used as a new modeling approach based on a representation in terms of functional interactions and a formalism (S-Propagator) related to n-level field theory. This work presents the passage from a theoretical description of the biological system to a computing implementation in the general case. The specific case of the hippocampus is presented, as well as how a drug allows learning and memory improvement in the local circuit of the CA1 area of the hip... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525869 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525868&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Damjanović I, Maximova E, Maximov V Responses of direction-selective (DS) ganglion cells (GCs) were recorded extracellularly from their axon terminals in the superficial layer of tectum opticum (TO) of immobilized cyprinid fish Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782). Excitatory receptive field (ERF) sizes of six types of DS GCs (ON and OFF cells, each of three distinct preferred directions) were evaluated on the basis of four different methods. In Method 1, the ERF width was calculated as a product of duration of spike train, generated in response to contrast edge moving across the ERF in preferred direction, and the velocity of the stimulus movement. The duration of spike train was estimated either as an interval between the first and the last spikes, or on the basis of the wi... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525868 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525863&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19412982%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study is to classify spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) signal on the basis of fractal concepts. Four motor imagery tasks (left hand movement, right hand movement, feet movement, and tongue movement) were investigated for each EEG recording session. Ten subjects volunteered to participate in this study. As we known, fractal geometry is a mathematical tool for dealing with complex systems like EEG signal. Therefore, we used the fractal dimension (FD) as feature for the application of brain-machine interface (BMI). Effective algorithm, namely, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) has been selected to estimate embedded FD values between relaxing and imaging states of the recorded EEG signal. To show the pattern of FDs, we propose a windowing-based method or also call... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525863 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2525863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2300795&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132797%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eskiizmirliler S, Papaxanthis C, Pozzo T, Darlot C To address the problem of how the cerebellum processes the premotor orders that control fast movements of the forearm, a model of the cerebellar control is proposed: a cybernetic circuit composed of a model of the cerebellar premotor pathways driving a biomechanical model of the human forearm. Experiments consist of recording electromyographic (EMG) activities and cinematic variables of the human forearm during fast, single joint, point-to-point movements performed in horizontal and vertical directions with and without mass. The biomechanical model of the forearm is first validated by comparing actual movements and movements simulated by using, as inputs to this model, the synthesized EMG signals and of real EMG activities rec... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2300795 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2300795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094055&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pokrovskii VM, Abushkevich VG, Gurbich DV, Klykova MS, Nechepurenko AA A single-stage bilateral conduction blockade of the vagus nerves (functional denervation) by constant anodal current was carried out in 13 dogs which are under anesthesia and 3-5 days after operation in chronic experiments. In anesthetized animals, "functional denervation" led to acceleration of the heart rhythm from 102.4 +/- 3.2 bmp to 123.8 +/- 4.4 bmp. In chronic dogs "functional denervation" led to transient stoppage of the heart - a preautomatic pause with duration of 2.7 +/- 0.2 sec. The heartbeats recommenced with the frequency of 89.0 +/- 3.4 bmp versus an initial rhythm of 118 +/- 1.5 bpm, i.e., a rhythm deceleration took place. We conclude that in a whole organism the heart rhythm pacemaker is de... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094055 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2094055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094054&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kotini A, Mavraki E, Anninos P, Piperidou H, Prassopoulos P We investigated the localization of current sources in the time and frequency domain from spontaneous MEG data recorded from nine epileptic patients (six females; three males) randomly selected, who had a mean age of 41 years old (range of 17-78 years old), with different types of epilepsy. The MEG data were recorded in a magnetically shielded room with a whole-head 122 channel biomagnetometer. For each MEG spike, we calculated the single Equivalent Current Dipole (ECD) sources at the initial spike peaks with a spherical model. MRI and EEG findings were available in patients' records. Prominent low frequencies can be seen in the majority of channels. For each patient there was an increase of the frequency range after ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094054 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2094054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094053&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132797%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eskiizmirliler S, Papaxanthis C, Pozzo T, Darlot C To address the problem of how the cerebellum processes the premotor orders that control fast movements of the forearm, a model of the cerebellar control is proposed: a cybernetic circuit composed of a model of the cerebellar premotor pathways driving a biomechanical model of the human forearm. Experiments consist of recording electromyographic (EMG) activities and cinematic variables of the human forearm during fast, single joint, point-to-point movements performed in horizontal and vertical directions with and without mass. The biomechanical model of the forearm is first validated by comparing actual movements and movements simulated by using, as inputs to this model, the synthesized EMG signals and of real EMG activities rec... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094053 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2094053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094052&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132798%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ulloa A, Husain FT, Kemeny S, Xu J, Braun AR, Horwitz B Language perception comprises mechanisms of perception and discrimination of auditory stimuli. An important component of auditory perception and discrimination concerns auditory objects. Many interesting auditory objects in our environment are of relatively long duration; however, the temporal window of integration of auditory cortex neurons processing these objects is very limited. Thus, it is necessary to make active use of short-term memory in order to construct and temporarily store long-duration objects. We sought to understand the mechanisms by which the brain manipulates long-duration tonal patterns, temporarily stores the segments of those patterns, and integrates them into an auditory object. We extended a previo... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094052 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2094052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094051&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132799%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clearwater JM, Kerr CC, Rennie CJ, Robinson PA Using a standardized database of EEG data, recorded during the habituation and oddball paradigms, changes in the auditory event-related potential (ERP) are demonstrated on the time scale of seconds and minutes. Based on previous research and a mathematical model of neural activity, neural mechanisms that could account for these changes are proposed. When the stimulus tones are not relevant to a task, N100 magnitude decreases substantially for the first repetition of a stimulus pattern and increases in response to a variant tone. It is argued these short-term changes are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a refractory period in the neural elements underlying the ERP. In the oddball paradigm, when the stimulus tones are ta... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094051 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2094051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094050&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19132800%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazur L Agnosias demonstrate the broadest spectrum of pathology of consciousness in neurology and psychiatry. Agnosias wipe off the definite functions from the brain's activity precisely and completely, allowing the consciousness to be investigated in itself. Thorough investigations of confabulatory manifestations disclose the rationale for the development of pathological functions and point out that there is a remedial (reconstructive) sense behind the senselessness of a mental state. Pathology seems to be accompanied by involuntary reparation on the part of the brain. Investigations of the conscious activity in agnosias show a separate, passive and real brain system of consciousness without pathology and genetic regulations. Neurological symbolic agnosias represent a cerebra... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094050 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2094050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2066698&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19108360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gordon E PMID: 19108360 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2066698 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2066698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942146&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18988296%26dopt%3DAbstract We report that phase interference in the distributed frequencies of oscillation in bandpass-filtered brown noise gives null power spikes like those in the electrocorticograms (ECoG) from test subjects. The null spikes coincide with the onsets of frames in which the spatial amplitude patterns are classifiable with respect to conditioned stimuli. We report similarity in the waveforms and amplitude distributions of null spikes upon filtering brown noise in bands corresponding to the theta, alpha, beta and gamma ranges in experimental and simulated ECoG. We estimate a threshold in null spike minimal amplitudes below which perceptual frames having gamma oscillations may recur at theta rates. PMID: 18988296 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942146 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1942146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942145&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18988297%26dopt%3DAbstract An "integrative neuroscience" platform: application to profiles of negativity and positivity bias. J Integr Neurosci. 2008 Sep;7(3):345-66 Authors: Gordon E, Barnett KJ, Cooper NJ, Tran N, Williams LM The aim of the paper is to describe a standardized "Integrative Neuroscience" Platform that can be applied to elucidate brain-body mechanisms. This infrastructure includes a theoretical integration (the INTEGRATE Model). To demonstrate this infrastructure, hypotheses from the INTEGRATE Model are applied in an example investigation of the cognitive, brain and body markers of individual differences in the trait characteristic of Negativity Bias (the tendency to see oneself and one's world as negative). A sample of 270 healthy participants (18-65 years old) were grouped into equal si... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942145 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1942145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942144&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18988298%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken using the INTEGRATE Model of brain organization, which is based on a temporal continuum of emotion, thinking and self regulation. In this model, the key organizing principle of self adaption is the motivation to minimize danger and maximize reward. This principle drives brain organization across a temporal continuum spanning milliseconds to seconds, minutes and hours. The INTEGRATE Model comprises three distinct processes across this continuum. Emotion is defined by automatic action tendencies triggered by signals that are significant due to their relevance to minimizing danger-maximizing reward (such as abrupt, high contrast stimuli). Thinking represents cognitive functions and feelings that rely on brain and body feedback emerging from around 200 ms post-stimulu... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942144 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1942144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942143&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18988299%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the less understood, finer grained effects of a single bad night's sleep on mood, cognitive, autonomic and electrophysiological functions. We assessed 338 individuals who had no symptoms of a clinical sleep disorder. Of these, 226 individuals had six or more hours sleep and 112 individuals had less than six hours sleep prior to an assessment of mood, cognition, autonomic and electrophysiological functioning. Individuals in the relatively "bad night" sleep group had higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores and reported significantly poorer overall wellbeing. They made more errors on simple cognitive tasks while more complex task components were unaffected. They also had an increase in heart rate and EEG alpha and beta power at rest. Participants in this study had no... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942143 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1942143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942142&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18988300%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that the EEG phenotypes as described by Johnstone, Gunkelman & Lunt are identifiable EEG patterns with good inter-rater reliability. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that these EEG phenotypes occurred in both ADHD subjects as well as healthy control subjects. The Frontal Slow and Slowed Alpha Peak Frequency and the Low Voltage EEG phenotype discriminated ADHD subjects best from controls (however the difference was not significant). The Frontal Slow group responded to a stimulant with a clinically relevant decreased number of false negative errors on the CPT. The Frontal Slow and Slowed Alpha Peak Frequency phenotypes have different etiologies as evidenced by the treatment response to stimulants. In previous research Slowed Alpha Peak Frequency has most like... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942142 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1942142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942141&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18988301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Falconer EM, Felmingham KL, Allen A, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Williams LM, Bryant RA The present study sought to determine a profile of integrated behavioral, brain and autonomic alterations in PTSD. Previous findings suggest that PTSD is associated with changes across electrophysiological (EEG and ERP), autonomic and cognitive/behavioral measures. In particular, PTSD has been associated with reduced cognitive performance, altered cortical arousal (measured by EEG), diminished late ERP component to oddball task targets (reduced P3 amplitude) and increased autonomic arousal relative to healthy controls. The present study examined measures of cognitive function, auditory oddball ERP components, autonomic function (heart rate and skin conductance) and EEG during resting conditions... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942141 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1942141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828362&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roman FS PMID: 18763718 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828362 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762474&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763718%26dopt%3DAbstract EDITORIAL. J Integr Neurosci. 2008 Jun;7(2):ix-xi Authors: Roman FS No abstract received. PMID: 18763718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762474 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762473&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763719%26dopt%3DAbstract This article briefly summarizes the approach we are using and illustrates it by presenting data regarding the effects of changing the number of AMPA receptors on various features of glutamatergic transmission, including NMDA receptor-mediated responses and paired-pulse facilitation. We conclude by discussing the significance of these results and providing some ideas for future directions with this approach. PMID: 18763719 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762473 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762472&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lindsay KA, Rosenberg JR Space constants and time constants characterize the spatial and temporal behavior of the membrane potential of a neuronal membrane with constant conductance. However, more realistic models of membrane potential assume that membrane conductance depends on the membrane potential and its history, and therefore, it is not clear that space and time constants can be defined for membranes with this property. However, through a consideration of the properties of trains of action potentials treated as traveling waves, space and time constants for the total membrane current during a propagated action potential can be derived and estimated. We show that the formal definitions of the space and time constants for the membranes with constant conductance can be exten... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762472 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762471&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fagni L, Bertaso F, Perroy J, Ango F It is well established that membrane receptors, transporters, and ion channels are organized into functional networks at the cell membrane by multiprotein complexes. The scaffolding proteins physically link these signaling membrane proteins to their intracellular effectors and actin skeleton. The last ten years of research in the field have revealed the nature, structure, and functions of some of these multiprotein complexes. Here, we will focus on those which are present at the excitatory glutamatergic synapse and describe some of their structural and functional aspects, as well as the main methods which are use to study them. PMID: 18763721 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762471 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762470&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Costalat R, Chauvet G The basic properties of the electrical field coupling between two parallel neurons, with linear electrical properties of the membranes, are investigated using a mathematical model-based on Laplace transform and matrix algebra, assuming that the system is unidimensional. This approach is extended to a ramified dendritic tree, and to a set of parallel neurons a subset of which is synaptically activated. We show that the electrical field effect is governed by certain geometrical and electrophysiological parameters, the most important being a coupling coefficient k, which depends on the extra- and intracellular resistivity, as well as the extracellular volume fraction. These results support the hypothesis that electrical field effects play an important role i... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762470 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762469&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763723%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, we elucidate by use of microelectrode arrays novel forms of long-term depression and potentiation in the hippocampus which are triggered by low frequency afferent stimulation and which rely on the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor of the fifth subtype (mGlu5 receptor). PMID: 18763723 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762469 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762468&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763724%26dopt%3DAbstract CELLULAR AUTOMATA APPROACH OF TRANSMEMBRANE IONIC CURRENTS. J Integr Neurosci. 2008 Jun;7(2):271-286 Authors: Pezard L, Lesne A Ionic currents across neuron and glial cells membranes lie at the origin of the entire brain electrophysiology. They are the common root of functional brain dynamics and mesoscopic or macroscopic phenomena such as extracellular fields. In particular, they provide the relevant basis to relate cellular electrophysiology and macroscopic dipole models. In order to derive robust features and to envision the multi-scale approaches required to connect the different levels of observation, an essential prerequisite is to have minimal model of elementary ionic motions. In this paper, we propose a general cellular automata framework allowing to investigate the di... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762468 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762467&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaillan FA, Truchet B, Roman FS The prevalent theory in learning and memory processes is that they are underlain by short and long-term changes in synaptic weight, which continuously modulates neural networks during acquisition and recall. This synaptic plasticity has been revealed by recording extracellular field potentials. The enhancement of synaptic transmission was primarily noted in the hippocampus and was named long-term potentiation (LTP). The opposite mechanism, long-term depression (LTD), a reduction of synaptic transmission, was first discovered in the cerebellum. Since then, the LTP-model has been studied mainly using in vitro and acute anesthetized in vivo preparations. This approach has led to remarkable progress in the comprehension of intracellular molecular p... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762467 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1762466&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18763726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mockett BG, Hulme SR The term synaptic plasticity describes the ability of excitatory synapses to undergo activity-driven long-lasting changes in the efficacy of basal synaptic transmission. This change may be expressed as a long-term potentiation (LTP) or as a long-term depression (LTD). Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of synaptic plasticity that regulates the expression of both LTP and LTD through processes that are initiated by cellular activity that precedes a later bout of plasticity-inducing synaptic activity. Activation by prior synaptic activity and later expression as a facilitation or inhibition of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity are fundamental properties of metaplasticity. The intracellular mechanisms which support metaplasticity appear to be closely l... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1762466 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1762466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1395744&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18431815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nathaniel TI, Umesiri FE, Olajuyigbe F Studies exploring the endogenous mechanism that modulates locomotion in Cryptomys sp, a bathyergid of the subterranean hystricomorph African mole-rat species might contribute to the understanding of the interrelations between external variables and internal mechanisms that controls the diverse patterns of locomotion in mole-rats. It has been shown that environmental variables contribute to the inter-individual variations in the daily patterns of locomotion, however, it is not well known if endogenous mechanism such as M1 receptor that regulates locomotion in surface dwelling rodents could as well regulate locomotion in the subterranean dwelling rodent. The present study explores this issue in Cryptomys sp a subterranean African mole-rat s... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1395744 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1395744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1395743&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18431816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anninos P, Kotini A, Anninou N, Adamopoulos A, Papastergiou A, Tsagas N Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings of patients with CNS disorders were obtained using a whole-head 122-channel magnetometer SQUID and analyzed using Fourier statistical analysis. External transcranial magnetic stimulation in the order of pico Tesla (pTMS) was applied to the above patients with proper characteristics (magnetic intensity 1-7.5 pT; frequency: 8-13 Hz) which were obtained with MEG recordings prior to pTMS. The MEG recordings after the application of pTMS showed a rapid attenuation of the high abnormal activity followed by an increase in the number of the low frequency components toward the patients alpha-rhythm. The possible mechanisms of the effects of external magnetic stimulation on t... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1395743 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1395743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1395742&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18431817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hidaka S Gap junctions are intercellular channels composed of subunit protein connexin and subserve electrotonic transmission between connected neurons. Retinal amacrine cells, as well as horizontal cells of the same class, are homologously connected by gap junctions. The gap junctions between these neurons extend their receptive fields, and may increase the inhibitory postsynaptic effects in the retina. In the present study, we investigated whether gap junctions between the neurons are modulated by internal messengers. The permeability of gap junctions was examined by the diffusion of intracellularly injected biotinylated tracers, biocytin or Neurobiotin, into neighboring cells since gap junctions are permeable to these molecules freely. 4% Lucifer Yellow and 6% biocytin or N... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1395742 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1395742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1395741&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18431818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vimal RL Deterministic reductive monism and non-reductive substance dualism are two opposite views for consciousness, and both have serious problems. An alternative view is needed. For this, we hypothesize that strings or elementary particles (fermions and bosons) have two aspects: (i) elemental proto-experiences (PEs) as phenomenal aspect, and (ii) mass, charge, and spin as material aspect. Elemental PEs are hypothesized to be the properties of elementary particles and their interactions, which are composed of irreducible fundamental subjective experiences (SEs)/PEs that are in superimposed form in elementary particles and in their interactions. Since SEs/PEs are superimposed, elementary particles are not specific to any SE/PE; they (and all inert matter) are carriers of SEs/... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1395741 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1395741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1395740&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18431819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macgregor RJ, Vimal RL This commentary article extends Vimal's [J Integr Neurosci 7:49-73, 2008] concept of protoexperience by outlining a two-factor approach to the localization of consciousness within the physical matter of the brain consistent with contemporary theoretical physics, molecular and system biology, and neuroscience. Specific hypotheses based on this approach predict on clearly stated grounds the occurrence or non-occurrence, and degrees of intensity of consciousness within the human brain and possibly in related species based on the combination of protoconsciousness with energetic activating agents. In this it comprises a mechanics of consciousness. PMID: 18431819 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1395740 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1395740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1395739&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18431820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kryukov VI Several attempts have been made to reconcile a number of rival theories on the role of the hippocampus in long-term memory. Those attempts fail to explain the basic effects of the theories from the same point of view. We are reviewing the four major theories, and shall demonstrate, with the use of mathematical models of attention and memory, that only one theory is capable of reconciling all of them by explaining the basic effects of each theory in a unified fashion, without altogether sacrificing their individual contributions. The key issue here is whether or not a memory trace is ever stored in the hippocampus itself, and there is no reconciliation unless the answer to that question is that there is not. As a result of the reconciliation that we are proposing, th... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1395739 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1395739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138811&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kapur S, Sharad S, Singh RA, Gupta AK The opioidergic hypothesis suggests an association between genetic variations at the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene locus and opiate addiction. The OPRM1 gene, which encodes for mu opioid receptor, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon I. Two of these, C17T and A118G, have been reported to be associated with substance abuse. The present study aims to delineate the frequency of these variants in the subjects of Indian origin and study their association with the phenotype of opioid dependence. A118G (rs 1799971) and C17T (rs 1799972) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. For 118G allele, the control subjects (n = 156) showed a frequency of 0.12 ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138811 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138810&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orpwood R This paper argues that mechanisms underlying consciousness and qualia are likely to arise from the information processing that takes place within the detailed micro-structure of the cerebral cortex. It looks at two key issues: how any information processing system can recognize its own activity; and secondly, how this behavior could lead to the subjective experience of qualia. In particular, it explores the pattern processing capabilities of attractor networks, and the way that they can attribute meaning to their input patterns and goes on to show how these capabilities can lead to self-recognition. The paper suggests that although feedforward processing of information can be effective without attractor behavior, when such behavior is initiated, it would lead to self... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138810 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138809&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bruzzo AA, Vimal RL In this article, we establish a model to delineate the emergence of "self" in the brain making recourse to the theory of chaos. Self is considered as the subjective experience of a subject. As essential ingredients of subjective experiences, our model includes wakefulness, re-entry, attention, memory, and proto-experiences. The stability as stated by chaos theory can potentially describe the non-linear function of "self" as sensitive to initial conditions and can characterize it as underlying order from apparently random signals. Self-similarity is discussed as a latent menace of a pathological confusion between "self" and "others". Our test hypothesis is that (1) consciousness might have emerged and evolved from a primordial potential or proto-experience i... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138809 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138808&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181269%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edin F, Klingberg T, Stödberg T, Tegnér J Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrate that increased task-related neural activity in parietal and frontal cortex during development and training is positively correlated with improved visuospatial working memory (vsWM) performance. Yet, the analysis of the corresponding underlying functional reorganization of the fronto-parietal network has received little attention. Here, we perform an integrative experimental and computational analysis to determine the effective balance between the superior frontal sulcus (SFS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and their putative role(s) in protecting against distracters. To this end, we performed electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during a vsWM task. We utiliz... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138808 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138807&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ursino M, Zavaglia M In our research, a neural mass model consisting of four interconnected neural groups (pyramidal neurons, excitatory interneurons, inhibitory interneurons with slow synaptic kinetics, and inhibitory interneurons with fast synaptic kinetics) is used to investigate the mechanisms which cause the appearance of multiple rhythms in EEG spectra, and to assess how these rhythms can be affected by connectivity among different populations. First, we showed that a single neural population, stimulated with white noise, can oscillate with its intrinsic rhythm, and that the position of this rhythm can be finely tuned (in the alpha, beta or gamma frequency ranges), acting on the population synaptic kinetics. Subsequently, we analyzed more complex circuits, composed of tw... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138807 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138806&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181271%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Modolo J, Garenne A, Henry J, Beuter A The major goal of this study was to develop a population density based model derived from statistical mechanics based on the dynamics of a discontinuous membrane potential neuron model. A secondary goal was to validate this model by comparing results from a direct simulation approach on the one hand and our population based approach on the other hand. Comparisons between the two approaches in the case of a synaptically uncoupled and a synaptically coupled neural population produced satisfactory qualitative agreement in terms of firing rate and mean membrane potential. Reasonable quantitative agreement was also obtained for these variables in performed simulations. The results of this work based on the dynamics of a discontinuous membrane ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138806 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1138805&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18181272%26dopt%3DAbstract Book Review: "The War of the Soups and of the Sparks: The Discovery of the Neurotransmitters and the Dispute Over How Nerves Communicate", In Praise of Famous Men, Elliot S. Valenstein (2005). J Integr Neurosci. 2007 Dec;6(4):657-664 Authors: Hutter O No abstract received. PMID: 18181272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1138805 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1138805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948226&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arleo A, Rondi-Reig L Flexible spatial behavior requires the ability to orchestrate the interaction of multiple parallel processes. At the sensory level, multimodal inputs must be combined to produce a robust description of the spatiotemporal properties of the environment. At the action-selection level, multiple concurrent navigation policies must be dynamically weighted in order to adopt the strategy that is the most adapted to the complexity of the task. Different neural substrates mediate the processing of spatial information. Elucidating their anatomo-functional interrelations is fundamental to unravel the overall spatial memory function. Here we first address the multisensory integration issue and we review a series of experimental findings (both behavioral and electrophy... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948226 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948225&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hok V, Lenck-Santini PP, Save E, Gaussier P, Banquet JP, Poucet B Place cells are hippocampal pyramidal neurons that discharge strongly in relation to the rat's location in the environment. We recently reported that many place cells recorded from rats performing place or cue navigation tasks also discharged when they were at the goal location rather than in the primary firing field. Furthermore, subtle differences in discharge timing were found in the two navigation tasks, with activity occurring later in the place task compared to the cue task. Here we tested the possibility that such delayed firing in the place task may reflect the differential involvement of time estimation, which would allow the rat to predict forthcoming reward delivery. More specifically, we reasoned tha... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948225 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948224&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lambrey S, Berthoz A Numerous data in the literature provide evidence for gender differences in spatial orientation. In particular, it has been suggested that spatial representations of large-scale environments are more accurate in terms of metric information in men than in women but are richer in landmark information in women than in men. One explanatory hypothesis is that men and women differ in terms of navigational processes they used in daily life. The present study investigated this hypothesis by distinguishing two navigational processes: spatial updating by self-motion and landmark-based orientation. Subjects were asked to perform a pointing task in three experimental conditions, which differed in terms of reliability of the external landmarks that could be used. Two gr... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948224 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948223&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933019%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fleischer JG, Krichmar JL Information from many different sensory modalities converges on the medial temporal lobe in the mammalian brain, an area that is known to be involved in the formation of episodic memories. Neurons in this region, called place cells, display location-correlated activity. Because it is not feasible to record all neurons using current electrophysiological techniques, it is difficult to address the mechanisms by which different sensory modalities are combined to form place field activity. To address this limitation, this paper presents an embodied neural simulation of the medial temporal lobe and other cortical structures, in which all aspects of the model can be examined during a maze navigation task. The neural simulation has realistic neuroanatomical c... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948223 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948222&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933020%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guanella A, Verschure PF The grid cells of the rodent medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) show activity patterns correlated with the animal's position. Unlike hippocampal place cells that are activated at only one specific location in the environment, MEC grid cells increase firing frequency at multiple regions in space, or subfields, that are arranged in regular triangular grids. It has been recently shown that a conjunction of MEC grid cells can lead to unique spatial representations. However, it remains unclear what the key properties of the grids are that allow for an accurate reconstruction of the position of the animal and what the comparison with hippocampal place cells is. Here we use a theoretical approach based on data from electrophysiological recordings of the MEC to si... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948222 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948221&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933021%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gaussier P, Banquet JP, Sargolini F, Giovannangeli C, Save E, Poucet B In this paper, we present a model for the generation of grid cells and the emergence of place cells from multimodal input to the entorhinal cortex (EC). In this model, grid cell activity in the dorsocaudal medial entorhinal cortex (dMEC) [28] results from the operation of a long-distance path integration system located outside the hippocampal formation, presumably in retrosplenial and/or parietal cortex. If the connections between these structures and dMEC are organized as a modulo N operator, the resulting activity of dMEC neurons is a grid cell pattern. Furthermore, a robust high-resolution positional code can be built from a small set of different grid cells if the modulo factors are relatively prime. On... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948221 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=948220&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17933022%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a bio-inspired approach for extracting efficient features prior to the recognition of scenes is proposed. It is highly inspired from the model of the mammals visual system. The retina contains many levels of neurons (bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and ganglion cells) accurately organized from cones and rods to the optic nerve up till the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) which is the main thalamic relay for inputs to the visual cortex. This structure probably eases other brain areas tasks in preprocessing the visual information. This paper is focusing on the study of these specific structures, relying on a bottom up approach to propose a comprehensive mathematical model of the low level image processing performed within the eye. The presented system takes into account the fove... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=948220 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 948220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=729142&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17622979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anninos P, Kotini A, Tamiolakis D, Prassopoulos P A 34-year-old male diagnosed of an intracranial arachnoid cyst arising in the left-sided temporal-parietal area, by computed tomography (CT), underwent evaluation by means of MEG. Biomagnetic waveform recordings were obtained from the target area and the Fourier analysis of these measurements was carried out. External magnetic stimulation in the order of pico Tesla was applied with proper field characteristics (intensity: 1-7.5 pT, frequency: 8-13 Hz), which were obtained prior to the application and the emitted MEG activity was recorded again. The cortical area adjacent to the borders of the arachnoid cyst emitted biomagnetic waveforms with high values. The application of magnetic stimulation resulted in a rapid attenuation of... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=729142 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 729142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=729141&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17622980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kotini A, Anninos P, Tamiolakis D, Prassopoulos P The aim of this study is to investigate if there is any nonlinearity in the magnetoencephalographic recordings of patients with multiple sclerosis in comparison with controls in order to find out the differences in the mechanisms underlying their brain waves. Five multiple sclerosis patients and five controls were included in this study. Chaotic activity of multiple sclerosis patients is lower than in the normal brain. Nonlinear analysis may offer fertile perspectives for understanding the features of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID: 17622980 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=729141 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 729141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=729140&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17622981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iannella N, Tanaka S In order to gain a better theoretical understanding of the interaction between voltage and calcium influx, we present the simulation results for saltatory transmission in a sparsely excitable model of a continuous cylindrical segment of nerve fiber, where calcium diffuses internally and various ion channels are distributed as hotspots along the cable. A standard set of ion channel descriptions is used to illustrate how different numbers and distributions of ion channel hotspots affect the propagation and transmission of a single action potential and/or a spike train and how such hotspots affect calcium influx and diffusion within continuous cylindrical segment of nerve fiber. PMID: 17622981 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neurosci... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=729140 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 729140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=729139&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17622982%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the changes in classical quantitative EEG (qEEG) measures, as well as of parameters obtained by fitting frequency spectra to an existing continuum model of brain electrical activity. These parameters may have extra variability due to model selection and fitting. Besides estimating the levels of intraindividual and interindividual variability, we determined approximate time scales for change in qEEG measures and model parameters. This provides an estimate of the recording length needed to capture a given percentage of the total intraindividual variability. Also, if more precise time scales can be obtained in future, these may aid the characterization of physiological processes underlying various EEG measures. Heterogeneity of the subject group was constrained by test... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=729139 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 729139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=729138&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17622983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsuda I, Fujii H We review basic concepts of dynamical systems in the first half of this article. In the second half, we focus on cortical transitory dynamic behaviors observed during task-related actions of animals, and provide a dynamical interpretation of such transitory behaviors in terms of chaotic itinerancy. PMID: 17622983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=729138 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 729138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605293&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gordon E, Liddell BJ, Brown KJ, Bryant R, Clark CR, DAS P, Dobson-Stone C, Falconer E, Felmingham K, Flynn G, Gatt JM, Harris A, Hermens DF, Hopkinson PJ, Kemp AH, Kuan SA, Lazzaro I, Moyle J, Paul RH, Rennie CJ, Schofield P, Whitford T, Williams LM There is little consensus about which objective markers should be used to assess major psychiatric disorders, and predict/evaluate treatment response for these disorders. Clinical practice relies instead on subjective signs and symptoms, such that there is a "translational gap" between research findings and clinical practice. This gap arises from: a) a lack of integrative theoretical models which provide a basis for understanding links between gene-brain-behavior mechanisms and clinical entities; b) the reliance on studying one mea... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605293 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605292&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472224%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: In contrast to general cognition, social cognition is identified by different functional (automated) activity and more localized neural structures. Only general cognition, requiring more effortful, controlled processing is related to brain function measures, particularly in frontal cortices. Integrative Significance: Recording measures from multiple modalities including MRI, EEG/ERP, social and general cognition within the same subject provides a method of brain profiling for use in cognitive-neurotherapy and pharmacological studies. PMID: 17472224 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605292 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605291&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472225%26dopt%3DAbstract This study directly demonstrates that cognitive and emotional neural networks are not parallel independent systems, but rather highly integrated with effects on both cognitive performance and emotional behavior. PMID: 17472225 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605291 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605290&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472226%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: These findings suggest that MPH increases cortical and autonomic arousal, facilitating vigilance. The combination of behavioral and biological measures may provide an objective set of markers of MPH response. Integrative Significance: This approach has provided additional insight into the mechanism of the stimulant medication, MPH, which would not be achieved by using such measures in isolation. PMID: 17472226 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605290 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605289&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472227%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the cross-sectional estimates of the "rate of decline" in cognitive performance and psychophysiological measures of brain function over age in AD, preclinical (subjective memory complaint-SMC, Mild Cognitive Impairment-MCI) and healthy groups. Correlations between memory performance and indices of brain function were also conducted. Results: The rate of cognitive decline increased between groups: AD showed advanced decline, and SMC/MCI groups represented intermediate stages of decline relative to normal aging expectations. In AD, advanced EEG alterations (excessive slow-wave/reduced fast-wave EEG, decreased working memory P450 component) were observed over age, which were coupled with memory decline. By contrast, MCI group showed less severe cognitive changes but specific decre... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605289 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605288&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472228%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: The results support the double-deficit theory of dyslexia and demonstrate that the differences between the dyslexia and control group might reflect compensatory mechanisms. Integrative Significance: These findings point to a potential compensatory mechanism of brain function in dyslexia and helps to separate real dysfunction in dyslexia from acquired compensatory mechanisms. PMID: 17472228 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605288 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605287&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472229%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion: Our findings suggest that PML is associated with marked cognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities in the context of antiretroviral therapy. Integrative Significance: To our knowledge this is the first study to integrate both quantitative DTI and cognitive assessment to define white matter damage associated with HIV and PML. This integrative approach provides a robust methodology to examine the integrity of brain systems mediating cognitive function. PMID: 17472229 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605287 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605286&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472230%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the relationship between electroencephalograph (EEG) power and basal metabolic rate (BMR) over the human lifespan, to better understand the mechanisms involved in the decline of neural activity with age. Methods: Eyes-open EEG power was calculated in standard frequency bands and averaged across recording sites in 1831 healthy subjects aged 6 to 86 years, from the Brain Resource International Database. In a subset of 175 subjects, structural MRI scans were also undertaken to determine the role of grey matter. Cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) was estimated using two models of EEG power, based on: (1) normalization of BMR by total body mass, and (2) scaling by cortical grey matter. Results: Regression analysis revealed a linear relationship between the CMR estimates and E... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605286 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=605285&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17472231%26dopt%3DAbstract Book Review: A Brand Snatched from the Fire, Eric Kandel (2006), "In Search of Memory: The Emergence of the New Science of Mind" J Integr Neurosci. 2007 Mar;6(1):219-226 Authors: Hutter O No abstract received. PMID: 17472231 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=605285 Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100 605285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=332015&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chauvet GA This paper discusses rationale for a theory in biology: what exactly is a theory in biology? Is it of a mathematical nature? How to conceive an integrative theory and why? Replies to these questions are offered for subsequent discussions as concerns the mathematical theory of integrative physiology (MTIP) proposed by the author. It is shown that such a theory is a theoretical framework built on a representation in terms of hierarchical functional interactions and a specific formalism, the S-Propagator, to traverse the levels of organization. As for all natural theories, the MTIP is based on a general principle specific to biology, the principle of auto-associative stabilization (PAAS). In this framework, two models are revisited for a novel interpretation: the first... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=332015 Sun, 24 Dec 2006 10:55:02 +0100 332015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448397&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Savelsbergh GJ, Van Hof P, Caljouw SR, Ledebt A, Van der Kamp J Among Esther Thelen's most important contributions to developmental theory is that there is no single factor that has priority in driving development. In this paper, we discuss how this notion influenced our research on perceptual-motor development. We show that multiple factors constrain perceptual-motor development, but that a relatively minor change in one of them may lead to significant changes in the observed perceptual-motor behavior. PMID: 17245818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448397 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448396&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Molina M, Guimpel B, Jouen F A recent research revealed the capacity of the newborn to haptically detect, the weight of an object [12]. In this research, we tried to determine the means by which newborn infants, not having yet exploratory procedures, are able to treat this object property. We support the assumption that tactile perceptive capacities of the newborn infants derive from a fundamental property of the sensorimotor system: its primary variability. After a period of habituation with a heavy or light object, an object of new weight is presented (period test). Three parameters of the sensorimotor activity were analyzed during these two periods: holding times, amplitude of the pressure exerted on the object and frequency of the pressure. Analyses of these parameters dem... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448396 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448395&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fagard J, Lemoine C Only about 50% of infants appear to be right-handed in their first year, yet only 10-12% ultimately become left-handed. Several parameters may control early changes in handedness, and we investigated the role of imitation. We wanted to see if infants, when choosing the hand to manipulate an object, were influenced by the hand used by the experimenter when demonstrating the target action. We observed infants, seated either opposite or on the lap of the experimenter who used either left or right hand. The results show that when a left-handed experimenter demonstrated the action, none of the infants consistently used a right-handed strategy to manipulate the objects, regardless of the position (lap vs. opposite), and even though most infants had shown right-ha... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448395 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448394&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anninos P, Kotini A, Adamopoulos A, Hatzimihael A, Kekes G, Pavlidis P, Tamiolakis D We investigated the localization of current sources for spontaneous magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data in the frequency domain. MEGs were evaluated in three different states: (i) physiological condition; (ii) sweet taste, and (iii) salt taste. Low frequencies can be seen in the maps obtained with the sweet taste, whereas in the physiological and salt taste, the maps show higher frequencies in the majority of channels. A differentiation in the spatial distribution of the frequencies provides novel insights into the identification of taste quality with the MEG systems. PMID: 17245821 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448394 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448393&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245822%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the validity of the model, replicated its simulations and tested its robustness. While our simulations partially reproduced the results presented by Rubin and Terman [31], several issues were raised including the high complexity of the model in its non simplified form, the lack of robustness of the model with respect to small perturbations, the nonrealistic representation of the thalamus and the absence of time delays. Computational models are indeed necessary, but they may not be sufficient in their current forms to explain the effect of chronic electrical stimulation on the activity of the basal ganglia (BG) network in PD. PMID: 17245822 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448393 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448392&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245823%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used a detailed compartmental model of a subpial cell and a large-scale model of visual cortex to examine the cellular mechanisms that underlie the formation of superficial units on the assumption that they are subpial cells. Simulations with the detailed model indicated that the biophysical properties of subpial cells allow them to respond strongly to activation by geniculate inputs, but the presence of dendritic beads on the subpial cells decreases their sensitivity and allows them to integrate the inputs from many geniculate afferents. Simulations with the large-scale model indicated that the responses of subpial cells to simulated visual stimuli consist of two phases. A fast phase is mediated by direct geniculate inputs. A slow phase is mediated by recurrent excitation from ... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448392 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448391&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17245824%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides numerical simulations of some of the abnormalities in the potentials and axonal excitability indices of human motor nerve fibers in simulated cases of internodal, paranodal and simultaneously of paranodal internodal demyelinations, each of them systematic or focal. A 70% reduction of the myelin lamellae (defining internodal demyelination), or of the paranodal seal resistance (defining paranodal demyelination), or simultaneously both of them (defining paranodal internodal demyelination) was uniform along the fiber length for the systematically demyelinated subtypes. These permutations were termed internodal systematic demyelination (ISD), paranodal systematic demyelination (PSD) and paranodal internodal systematic demyelination (PISD). In other tests, the same reductions... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448391 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=297350&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125157%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the quantitative tuning responses of the basis functions in the spectral domain are estimated using a Gaussian model, to determine their goodness-of-fit to the known bandwidths of simple cells in primate V1. Five simulation experiments which examined key features of the model are reported: changing the size of the basis functions; using a complete versus over-complete representation; changing the sparseness factor; using a variable learning rate; and mapping the basis functions with a whitening spatial function. The key finding of this study is that across all image themes, basis function sizes, number of basis functions, sparseness factors and learning rates, the spatial-frequency tuning did not closely resemble that of primate area 17 - the model results more closely resem... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=297350 Wed, 29 Nov 2006 10:24:38 +0100 297350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=297349&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fass D Human systems integration (HSI) involves augmented human design with the objectives of augmenting human capabilities and improving human performance using behavioral technologies. The fundamental matter of human systems integration and augmented human design is the organization and the nature of interactions that couple physiological systems, humans- and engineered systems, artifacts. By this definition, augmented human consists of interactive artefacts linked to physiological systems. This paper focuses on the rationale of a HSI model based on specific experiments (comparison of dynamical sensorimotor integration and motor performances in real and virtual environments) that confirm the hypothesis of functional interaction in the framework of Chauvet's mathematical theo... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=297349 Wed, 29 Nov 2006 10:24:38 +0100 297349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=297348&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macgregor RJ This paper argues that molecular governing structures (such as receptors, gating molecules, or ionic channels) which operate pervasively in the brain, often with small number particle systems (as, for example, at the surfaces of membranes, synaptic clefts, or macromolecules), may plausibly be vehicles for the transmutation of quantum mechanical fluctuations to normal-level neural signaling. PMID: 17125159 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=297348 Wed, 29 Nov 2006 10:24:38 +0100 297348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=297347&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chauvet GA This paper discusses rationale for a theory in biology: what exactly is a theory in biology? Is it of a mathematical nature? How to conceive an integrative theory and why? Replies to these questions are offered for subsequent discussions as concerns the mathematical theory of integrative physiology (MTIP) proposed by the author. It is shown that such a theory is a theoretical framework built on a representation in terms of hierarchical functional interactions and a specific formalism, the S-Propagator, to traverse the levels of organization. As for all natural theories, the MTIP is based on a general principle specific to biology, the principle of auto-associative stabilization (PAAS). In this framework, two models are revisited for a novel interpretation: the first... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=297347 Wed, 29 Nov 2006 10:24:38 +0100 297347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=297346&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125161%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chauvet GA The present approach of aging and time irreversibility is a consequence of the theory of functional organization that I have developed and presented over recent years (see e.g., Ref. 11). It is based on the effect of physically small and numerous perturbations known as fluctuations, of structural units on the dynamics of the biological system during its adult life. Being a highly regulated biological system, a simple realistic hypothesis, the time-optimum regulation between the levels of organization, leads to the existence of an internal age for the biological system, and time-irreversibility associated with aging. Thus, although specific genes are controlling aging, time-irreversibility of the system may be shown to be due to the degradation of physiological funct... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=297346 Wed, 29 Nov 2006 10:24:38 +0100 297346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=297345&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17125162%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective in this work is twofold: (i) to illustrate the use of the Mathematical Theory of Integrative Physiology (MTIP) [13], that is a general theory and practical method for the systematic and progressive mathematical integration of physiological mechanisms; (ii) to study a complex neurobiological system taken as an example, i.e., the synaptic plasticity depending on brain activity, on astrocytic and neuronal metabolism, and on brain hemodynamics. The functional organization of the nervous tissue is presented in the framework of the MTIP, the ultimate objective being the study of learning and memory by coupling the three networks of neurons, astrocytes and capillaries. Specifically in this paper, we study the influence of the variation of capillaries arterial oxygen on the induction... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=297345 Wed, 29 Nov 2006 10:24:38 +0100 297345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=167224&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16783866%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gafarov FM We propose a model for description of activity-dependent evolution and self-wiring between binary neurons. Specifically, this model can be used for investigation of growth of neuronal connectivity in the developing neocortex. By using computational simulations with appropriate training pattern sequences, we show that long-term memory can be encoded in neuronal connectivity and that the external stimulations form part of the functioning neocortical circuit. It is proposed that such binary neuron representations of point-like cortical neurons fail to reproduce cytoarchitectural differences of the neocortical organization, which has implications for inadequacies of compartmental models. PMID: 16783866 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscien... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=167224 Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100 167224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=167223&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16783867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Daya B, Chauvet P, Rammal M We first present a method to mathematically build a learning rule for closed-loop neural networks. This rule is then applied to climbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex. Our analytical study is based on previous experimental non-analytical studies, which suggests that climbing fibers carry out an error signal to the brain. Thus, our goal is to find the class of functions for the activity propagated by climbing fibers, allowing the output of the Purkinje cell to converge towards a desired output. These functions must tend towards zero when the objective is reached. Our techniques are generalized to other network models. PMID: 16783867 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience) Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=167223 Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100 167223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=167222&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16783868%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brüne M, Bahramali H, Hennessy M, Snyder A The universality across cultures for recognizing the facial expression of anger suggests an evolved mechanism for dealing with threat. Using low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and a paradigm involving color-naming latencies for angry, fearful and neutral faces, and for emotional and neutral words respectively, we found evidence for a hemispheric specialization according to the sex and emotional content of faces in female subjects. Participants showed increased attention specifically to male angry faces after stimulation of the right superior temporal lobe, whereas they showed increased attention to angry female faces after left temporal stimulation. No effect was detected regarding the processing of fea... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=167222 Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100 167222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=167221&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16783869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Capaday C, van Vreeswijk C The firing rate gain of neurons, defined as the slope of the relation between input to a neuron and its firing rate, has received considerable attention in the past few years. This has been largely motivated by the many experimental demonstrations of behavior related gain changes in a variety of neural circuits of the CNS. A surprising result was that a prime candidate, shunting inhibition, apparently does not change the firing rate gain of neurons. However, in this paper, we show a physiologically plausible mechanism by which shunting inhibition in the dendritic tree does, in a simple and direct manner, modulate the firing gain of neurons. The effect is due to a strong attenuation of the dendritic current arriving at the soma by shunting dendritic i... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=167221 Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100 167221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=167220&cid=s_33200_168_f&fid=33200&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16783870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewis ER, MacGregor RJ This paper presents rational, theoretical, and empirical grounds for doubting the principle of determinism in nature and in the brain, and discusses implications of this for free will and the chaos model of the brain. Small number particle systems are practically indeterministic and may be intrinsically indeterministic. Determinism in nature has often been taken to preclude free will. Strict determinism is a concept frequently applied to systems theory, establishing, e.g., the uniqueness of state-space trajectories. In order to consider determinism as a law of nature, however, one must be able to subject it to empirical tests. Presently, one is not able to and whether this can be shown to enable free will or not is not clear. It does remove, at least for... Journal of Integrative Neuroscience journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=167220 Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100 167220