MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Intellectual Disabilities' source. Sat, 20 Feb 2010 16:59:56 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142447&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F4%2F321%3Frss%3D1 Women without intellectual disabilities are more likely to develop mental health problems as a result of physiological functioning and psychosocial risk factors. However, little is known about the mental health of women with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore a small group of women’s perceptions of the risk and protective factors pertaining to their mental health conditions. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2007 in Northern Ireland. Thematic content analysis identified three risk factors and four protective/resilient factors. None of the women identified physiological functioning as a risk factor. Results suggest that women with intellectual disabilities experience psychosocial risk factors similar to those reported by women without int... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142447 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:23:00 +0100 3142447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142446&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F4%2F305%3Frss%3D1 Studies on psychoeducation in schizophrenia demonstrate significant effects on rehospitalization rates, compliance and knowledge. Within the framework of the Munich COGPIP study we examined whether borderline intellectual disability in patients with schizophrenia limits the benefit from psychoeducational groups. A total of 116 inpatients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorders were recruited for the COGPIP study. A manualized, interactive psychoeducational programme of eight sessions (4 weeks) was initiated. Measures of knowledge, adherence and the concept of illness were completed before and after the groups. The short-term outcome of 22 participants with schizophrenia and borderline intellectual disability (IQ 70—85) was compared with the outcome of 75 participants with sch... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142446 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:23:00 +0100 3142446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142445&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F4%2F291%3Frss%3D1 Over the last quarter of a century, much attention has justifiably been given to the closure of long-stay hospitals and the subsequent community-based experiences of people with learning disabilities. This has inevitably led to debate regarding how best they might continue to be supported, and by whom. Having identified a range of accredited provision currently available to prepare or develop staff working with adults with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom, this article reviews a range of contemporary literature relating to education in learning disability health and social care that is typically produced and viewed in isolation. Four themes are identified: training social carers, user involvement, (inter)professional practice and work-based learning. Key messages emerge from the... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142445 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:23:00 +0100 3142445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142444&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F4%2F269%3Frss%3D1 Cognitive, social, motor and language skills are key factors that contribute to the quality of life for people with learning disabilities and for their carers. Development of these skills for children with severe learning disabilities who have other complex needs however remains a challenge. A pilot study was undertaken by the staff from The Jai Vakeel School for Children in Need of Special Care, Mumbai, with a view to examining the effects of training offered by parents of children with severe learning disabilities and complex needs on their emotional, social, language, cognitive and motor skill development. Using a Parental Involvement/Engagement Scale it was seen that children with lower parental involvement had less improvement in the above areas whilst children with higher parental in... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142444 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:23:00 +0100 3142444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142443&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F4%2F255%3Frss%3D1 Access to regular, high-quality respite care has a beneficial impact on a carer’s ability to fulfil their caring role, but provision varies widely. The current study aims to report family and informal carers’ perceptions of respite care services offered to them by their local authority. A mixed method, triangulated design, yielded both quantitative and qualitative data. Members of a parent/carer federation were sent a questionnaire which included a section on ‘respite care’; 151 of 647 responded. Two focus groups were held with 15 carers who had previously completed the questionnaire. The majority of carers reported that their respite needs were not being met. Unmet needs were hampered by the lack of information regarding criteria for access to respite. Discrepancie... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142443 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:23:00 +0100 3142443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142442&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F13%2F4%2F251%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142442 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 10:23:00 +0100 3142442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838854&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F3%2F239%3Frss%3D1 Patients with fragile X syndrome present a variable phenotype, which contributes to the underdiagnosing of this condition. The use of clinical checklists in individuals with intellectual disability can help in selecting patients to be given priority in the molecular investigation of the fragile X mutation in the FMR1 gene. Some features included in checklists are better predictors than others, but they can vary among different populations and with patient age. In the present study, we evaluated 20 features listed in four clinical checklists from the literature, using a sample of 192 Brazilian male patients presenting with intellectual disability (30 positive and 162 negative for fragile X mutation). After statistical analysis, 12 out of the 20 items analyzed showed significant differences ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838854 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838853&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F3%2F221%3Frss%3D1 This article reports on an ethnographic and sociological study of the curriculum inside a special school for students with severe intellectual disabilities in the UK. There are few such studies since it is the routing of children into the special education system that has been sociologically captivating. Bernstein’s analytical approach to the study of curricula is proposed as useful since it draws attention to the structure of the curriculum and is less concerned with assumptions about its content. It also highlights the social messages that are embedded within the curriculum. The data suggest that two codes were in operation within the curriculum. The first was designed to draw the out-of-school experiences of students into the classroom for greater scrutiny. The second involved the... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838853 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838852&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F3%2F203%3Frss%3D1 This article demonstrates that a patient satisfaction survey can be carried out to evaluate the acceptability of a hepatitis B vaccination programme among persons with an intellectual disability. In this exploratory study, involving six clients, 41 care staff and three managers of intellectual disability services, core themes were identified on the acceptability of the programme. The following recommendations are made: a respectful attitude should be shown to all clients by the healthcare providers; appropriate information about the programme should be provided that is tailored to the needs and receptive capability of all recipients and their carers; the intervention should be delivered in an environment, and by healthcare personnel, familiar to clients; carers should be attentive to the p... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838852 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838851&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F3%2F195%3Frss%3D1 This case study describes how the ACT model was adapted to treat anxious and obsessive thoughts in a young person with moderate/severe learning disabilities. Using mindfulness and ACT-based experiential activities, the client learned to notice her thoughts and distance herself from their literal content. The negative impact that the client’s anxious thoughts had on her life was reduced and she was able to return to a part-time college course. The article describes how the client engaged with some ACT-based activities, such as mindfulness and defusion exercises. The outcome suggests that the experiential, activity-based nature of ACT may offer a more accessible intervention model for learning disabled people than traditional CBT models based on verbal reasoning skills. However, the in... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838851 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838850&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F3%2F183%3Frss%3D1 The English government sees it important to view service users as active partners in the delivery of accessible resources. The current article follows a brief report which described an innovative project on developing an accessible DVD explaining the Birmingham Clinical Psychology Service to people with learning disabilities. The article describes three focus groups involving adults with learning disabilities that met to reflect and evaluate the accessibility of the DVD. This process formed the evaluative phase of the DVD development project where people with learning disabilities evaluated the accessibility, level of understanding, and clarity of the DVD content. The DVD was rated positively by the focus groups, and minor changes were made to the final version of the DVD. The article also... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838850 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838849&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F13%2F3%2F179%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838849 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2630014&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2F161%3Frss%3D1 A national review of learning disability services in Scotland, The Same As You? recommended that Health Boards should close all long stay beds by 2005 and reduce assessment and treatment places to specified levels. A psychiatry-led service planning study was carried out in 2007 to find out whether these recommendations had been met. The extent of delayed discharges was also investigated. All 15 Health Boards in Scotland responded and supplied the requested information. There were 388 adults with learning disabilities within inpatient services, 91 of whom were within forensic learning disability services. The age, gender, reasons for admission and length of stay are reported for this inpatient population. Recommendations are made for future recording of delayed discharges and the adequacy o... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2630014 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2630014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2630013&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2F143%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the extent to which four participants could acquire exercise skills in a face-to-face context and apply these skills at home with indirect support. Adherence to the program, as well as program satisfaction, was examined. Participants were able to acquire the strength skills and most were able to use these skills at home with minimal support. The participants liked the approach, in particular the individualized planning and follow-up via telephone calls. These participants were able to use an exercise DVD independently at home and three of the four participants showed a threefold increase in exercise frequency. The utility of the approach lies in the capacity to extend the reach of face-to-face programs beyond tangible constraints such as facilities and staff availabilit... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2630013 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2630013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2630012&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2F113%3Frss%3D1 Although the incidence of autism spectrum disorders is increasing worldwide, there is a shortage of professionals trained to provide effective interventions. The article describes an advanced university course in Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and autism tailored to meet the needs of Swedish professionals from multiple disciplines. The course implemented both blended-learning technologies (web, telecommunication, and in vivo) and guided-design (problem-solving) exercises to promote the scientist-practitioner model. Overall, students advanced their skills related to identifying extant scientific literature, choosing appropriate single-subject design evaluation methods, and critically analysing the effects of attempted interventions. Students rated the course as having high social validity... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2630012 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2630012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2630011&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2F99%3Frss%3D1 A learning disability discourse has developed over time and is driven by social policy and professional power. Landmark legislation such as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 has promoted public accessibility for disabled and disenfranchised people. The social construction of difference and disability contributes to the ways people with learning disability are seen and described by others. Many professionals tell stories about their experiences of working with people who are learning disabled. Some stories construct the people with learning disabilities as heroic and tragic, but most construct them as problems to be solved. This qualitative study demonstrates that learning disability constructions in practice-based stories are not merely postcards from the past but indicators of the pr... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2630011 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2630011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2630010&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2F87%3Frss%3D1 Hospital emergency departments are not well prepared to meet the needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Negative experiences can be very traumatic, particularly when the emergency visit is because of a behavioural or psychiatric problem. A focus group study was conducted in 2005 in Toronto, Canada with four women with intellectual disabilities who had paid repeated visits to their local emergency department due to a psychiatric or behavioural crisis. These women spoke about not feeling respected, the trauma of being restrained physically or chemically, and about hospital staff not being comfortable working with women with intellectual disabilities. Clinical implications are discussed and recommendations are presented to improve the experience of women who require emergency se... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2630010 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2630010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2630009&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F13%2F2%2F83%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2630009 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2630009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302933&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2F55%3Frss%3D1 Affective disorders, particularly depression, are common in adults with intellectual disabilities. However the detection of these disorders is hindered by the varied presentation of depressive symptoms across the range of intellectual disability. We undertook a systematic review of the available English-language diagnostic instruments for depressive disorders for adults with all levels of intellectual disability. We appraised the studies based on the instruments' psychometric properties, sensitivity and specificity. We included 21 of 28 identified studies which contained original data on validity and reliability; the `gold standard' ranged from clinical opinion to other established instruments, some of which had limited validation in people with intellectual disability. In view of the bene... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302933 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2302933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302932&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2F43%3Frss%3D1 Support staff in intellectual disability services may experience significant work-related stress. The aim of the present study was to pilot an intervention called the Promotion of Acceptance in Carers and Teachers (PACT). Fourteen staff provided data on work stress and general wellbeing before and after attending PACT workshops over 1.5 days. A waiting list control subgroup of six staff also completed measures over a 6 week period. Support staff distress reduced significantly from pre-intervention to follow-up, whereas their reports of work-related stressors increased slightly. Psychological wellbeing and work stress did not change over time in the waiting list sample. Although the study is not tightly controlled, these pilot data suggest that the PACT may have a beneficial effect on staff... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302932 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2302932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302931&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2F31%3Frss%3D1 In this study the question asked is: what clinical nursing skills are predominantly used in intellectual disability nursing? A survey of the nursing needs of people with moderate to severe intellectual disability in both residential and community units was undertaken with a questionnaire. The measure was a Likert design scale ranging across: skills used more than once a day, skills used daily, skills used weekly, skills used monthly, skills very rarely used, and skills never used. The results of the study help to identify, plan, and direct the type and level of nursing skills taught to the intellectual disability nursing students and provides an insight into the current nursing skills used in the intellectual disabilities field. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302931 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2302931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302930&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2F19%3Frss%3D1 In this study we report on an attempt to link the three as we examine the consequences of giving a group of people with intellectual disability supported access to the Internet and specifically to that section of cyberspace known as the `blogosphere'. Using the Social Capital Question Bank as a framework, we interrogate the data in an attempt to discover whether the qualities associated with successful inclusion within society might be available via the blogging community. Along the way we touch on issues related to policy, daily life and who or what counts as a friend. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302930 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2302930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302929&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2F9%3Frss%3D1 Generalized imitation plays an important role in the acquisition of new skills, in particular language and communication. In this case report a multiple exemplar training procedure, with an errorless learning phase, was used to teach Ben, a 13-year-old child with severe intellectual disabilities, to imitate behaviours modelled by an adult instructor. After exposure to seven multiple exemplars, Ben learned to imitate novel actions to criterion (i.e. generalized imitation). These skills were maintained at 90 percent at 6 week and 18 week follow-up. In line with earlier research, this article provides some further support for the finding that multiple exemplar training can facilitate the reliable emergence of generalized imitation skills. Topographically similar behaviours during the learning... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302929 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2302929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302928&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F13%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302928 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2302928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037632&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F4%2F335%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037632 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037631&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2F325%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to determine the prevalence of intellectual disability in a homeless population. Fifty people registered at a general practice in north-east England for socially excluded groups, and staying in temporary accommodation for the homeless during 2006—7, were assessed for learning disability. Full-scale and verbal IQ scores for the group were significantly lower than would be expected in the general population, but there was no significant difference in performance IQ. Homeless people are significantly more likely to have an intellectual disability than the general population. The implications for practice and policy development are far reaching. Further work is required to confirm these findings and to explore the experience of homeless people with intellectual disabili... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037631 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037630&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2F309%3Frss%3D1 This article presents findings on the long-term impact of health practitioner input to reduce obesity amongst adults with intellectual disabilities. Body mass index (BMI) was measured for an input group (N = 33) and a comparison group (N = 40) 6 years after the input group first received input. Data on BMI were collected at baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 6 years. Mean BMI for the input group reduced steadily over 6 years. Mean BMI in the non-input group rose initially, stabilized and then decreased (although remaining higher than at baseline). The input group demonstrated improvements in obesity levels and lost more weight than the non-input group. However, the differences between groups did not reach statistical significance. This and the improvements in BMI within the non-input group may... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037630 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037629&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2F295%3Frss%3D1 Ward managers working in a medium secure learning disability service were asked to identify members of staff who they believed to be superior in the management of violent and aggressive individuals. A grounded theory approach was used to interview staff about their management of imminent aggression. The participants explained their strategies in terms of the following eight themes, which were common to all interviews: safety and de-escalation, attribution and control, relationships, understanding and empowerment, anticipating reactions, creating a faÇade, communication, and humour. The participants described the importance of building up trusting relationships with clients when trying to understand the reasons for the client's behaviour. They also explained how they offer a `get-out... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037629 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037628&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2F267%3Frss%3D1 Challenging behaviours and problems of mental ill-health are common amongst people with intellectual disabilities. The article examines conceptual similarities and differences between these conditions, examines the data on comorbidity, and explores possible hypothetical relationships between behavioural and psychiatric disorder in this population. While there is little evidence at present to suggest that many of the challenging behaviours seen in people with intellectual disabilities are underpinned by problems of mental ill-health, only qualified conclusions are possible because of limitations in the quality and scope of existing research. A conceptual model for looking at the risk variables that may contribute to both conditions is suggested, and requirements for future research and curr... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037628 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2037627&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F4%2F259%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2037627 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2037627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732238&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F3%2F253%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732238 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732237&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2F239%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to describe the pre-retirement and related services offered to service-users with intellectual disability in Ireland. Increasing numbers of service-users with an intellectual disability are living into older adulthood, creating important challenges for services providers. The National Intellectual Disability Database 2007 (NIDD) suggests that the population of service-users with an intellectual disability in the Republic of Ireland is an ageing population. Significant ongoing demands for new retirement-related intellectual disability services and enhancement of existing services are indicated. It is unknown how to support the development of a retirement policy to meet this growing need. The findings of this survey study indicate that there is, in general, reco... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732237 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732236&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2F229%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the views of service users and nursing staff from secure residential facilities where restraint is used frequently. Both groups were asked to rate three videotaped restraint procedures for their acceptability. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the acceptability ratings of the methods of restraint. Service users were then interviewed about their restraint experiences. They reported feeling very angry, sad, stressed and confused and not at all happy or relaxed when being restrained. Scores indicated that participants were significantly happier and less stressed after restraint than during restraint. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732236 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732235&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2F213%3Frss%3D1 This article discusses the first stage of a grounded theory study in which people with intellectual disabilities participated in focus groups to explore their definitions of advocacy and their advocacy support needs. Participants' ideas were influenced by their situation, the availability and type of support offered, and their relationships with supporters. Many different definitions of advocacy were revealed which were classified as reactive or proactive advocacy at micro, meso or macro level. The aim of advocacy was seen as empowerment, but this occurred only when support was readily available, concentrated on people's abilities, and facilitated opportunities for them to exert maximum possible control over their lives. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732235 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732234&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2F191%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the literature on women with and without intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders, using a gender social model of health. Relevant empirical studies, international literature reviews and policies between 1980 and 2007 were identified from electronic databases, journals and secondary sources. Three areas were examined: psychiatric disorders, their contextual background, and their clinical presentation. There are minimal levels of research into women with intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. However, this article hypothesizes that women with intellectual disability have higher rates of psychiatric disorders than women without. This may result from greater vulnerability related both to internal factors (`intra': cognitive deficits, poorer communica... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732234 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732233&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2F183%3Frss%3D1 The recreational needs of adults with intellectual disability are the same as those of the general population. If properly planned, recreational activities can facilitate positive behavioral changes. In this context, this present study was designed to understand the effects of a mountaineering expedition on the behaviors and temperament in a group of people with intellectual disability. The study included eight men and two women with intellectual disability aged 17—38 years. After a training programme, the participants went on an 11 day expedition in the Himalayan region under the supervision of professionals and two parents. Results indicated that all of them successfully climbed mountains up to 12,000 feet, and also had specific positive behavioral changes. Details and implications... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732233 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732232&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F3%2F179%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732232 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452825&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F2%2F173%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452825 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452824&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2F153%3Frss%3D1 This study focuses on the contributions of a community and campus based day programme to the quality of life of programme participants with a severe level of intellectual disability from the perspective of parents and staff. Qualitative interviews were carried out with parents and staff to explore the contribution that the two programmes had to participants' quality of life in the 6 months since the community based programme began. Schalock and Keith's Quality of Life Questionnaire was administered to supplement the qualitative data. Results indicated that the community based programme contributed more to participants' quality of life over the preceding 6 months than the campus based programme. This study revealed that community based participants' new-found social roles, their hobbies and... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452824 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452823&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2F143%3Frss%3D1 This article presents data from open-ended comments collected during research on the impact of PCP on the life experiences of 65 people with intellectual disabilities living in England. These comments addressed the goals set prior to and during PCP, and the main benefits of PCP for participants. The results suggest that PCP led to increased goal setting in a range of goal categories. This was reflected in the most common main benefit of PCP of `increased activities and opportunities' reported for 57 percent of participants. For 48 percent of participants, a main benefit of PCP was that they felt better in themselves, in terms of happiness or self-esteem. This must surely be the ultimate aim of those seeking to improve ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452823 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452822&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2F127%3Frss%3D1 This study is the first of its type in Ireland and seeks to set out the unique interventional contribution of nursing and non-nurse caring within frontline intellectual disability services. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452822 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452821&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2F111%3Frss%3D1 Intensive Interaction is an approach to enhancing the communication and social abilities of people with profound intellectual disabilities using principles from caregiver—infant interaction. Use of Intensive Interaction by novice practitioners with four women with profound intellectual disabilities living in a supported housing service in England was evaluated. It was hypothesized that staff could learn the principles of Intensive Interaction sufficiently to have a positive impact on the participants' abilities (during five sessions per week over 20 weeks) and that they would experience a better relationship. A quasi-experimental interrupted time-series multiple-baseline design was used with data collected via video observations, assessment schedules and staff questionnaires. Practit... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452821 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452820&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2F93%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to gain service user and social care staff perspectives on the barriers facing people with intellectual disabilities when accessing primary healthcare. A qualitative mixed methods semi-structured approach involved the use of focus groups and individual interviews within the service users' homes. A purposive sampling strategy identified people using primary healthcare in the last 6 months (N = 6) with support from social care staff (N = 19). Three emergent themes were common to service users and carer staff: `accessing the surgery', `communication issues' and `waiting around'. Other themes were unique to each group. Social care staff identified the `attitudes and behaviour of primary healthca... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452820 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1452819&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F2%2F91%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1452819 Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1452819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296773&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F1%2F81%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296773 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296772&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2F59%3Frss%3D1 This article presents the findings from a literature review related to community learning disability teams (CLDTs). Much of the existing literature on CLDTs is inspirational, theoretical or opinion based rather than evidence based. It was considered that current knowledge is insufficient to allow a systematic review; therefore a structured review of factors that impact on CLDTs was undertaken following some of the principles of a systematic review. The review covers historical and philosophical influences on the development of CLDTs; the structure and common composition of CLDTs; the main challenges facing CLDTs; and the barriers that impact on their effective working. Based on the available evidence a number of good practice suggestions are forwarded that have the potential to enhance the... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296772 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296771&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2F49%3Frss%3D1 With increased diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and the wide range of ability within this diagnosis, appropriate and accurate appraisal of specific ability are necessary to increase understanding of behaviour and inform effective intervention. The Social Cognitive Skills Test (SCST) focuses on the assessment of social reasoning skills. The present study investigated whether the SCST can usefully measure social reasoning ability in children with ASD. Eight children with ASD and eight typically developing children aged 5—13 years, who were matched on verbal comprehension, block design score and gender, took part in this pilot study. A decreasing trend in scores as the complexity of social cognitive skills increased was noted together with a significant difference between t... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296771 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296770&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2F41%3Frss%3D1 We describe the case of a gentleman who was diagnosed with BPAD in his early adult life and displayed neurological symptoms of HSP at around the same time. Diagnosis of both HSP and BPAD can be difficult and is further compounded by an intellectual impairment. Treatment options may be limited by the propensity of many psychotropic medications to cause movement disorders and thus worsening neurological symptoms. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296770 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296769&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2F25%3Frss%3D1 There have been considerable developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis, but few studies on their application to individuals with a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychosis. This includes the use of psycho-educational groups to develop a greater understanding of the impact of psychosis. Eight individuals with a dual diagnosis of mild to borderline intellectual disabilities and psychosis took part in a psycho-education group supported by a carer. Measures of knowledge and self-esteem were completed pre- and post-group. All participants completed the programme and measures of psychosis knowledge showed increases post-group. The participants were able to understand the concept of psychosis, the need for medication, the role of stress and early signs of... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296769 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296768&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2F9%3Frss%3D1 In this study 15 women with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities were interviewed using a semi-structured interview on a one-to-one basis about their knowledge and understanding of the menopause. Findings revealed limited accessible information about the menopause and a paucity in the women's knowledge and understanding about the menopause. This suggests a need for more accessible information, in order to increase understanding and awareness of the menopause in these women. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296768 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1296767&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F12%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1296767 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1296767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1038687&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F4%2F389%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1038687 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1038687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1038686&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F4%2F371%3Frss%3D1 Abuse of persons with disabilities continues to remain largely invisible, in spite of estimates suggesting that it is perpetrated against them more frequently than against those without disabilities. The aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory investigation regarding the frequency and type of abuse of a selected group of students with intellectual disabilities in one high school in Israel and compare the findings with the frequency and type of abuse reported by non-disabled youth from a similar socioeconomic background. A total of 100 students answered the `Ending the Silence' questionnaire, 50 of them with intellectual and other disabilities. The main findings indicate that students with intellectual and other disabilities suffered from abuse more frequently than their peers; most... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1038686 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1038686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1038685&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F4%2F359%3Frss%3D1 Clinical reports suggest that anxiety is a pertinent issue for adults with autism. We compared 34 adults with autism with 20 adults with intellectual disabilities, utilizing informant-based measures of anxiety and stress. Groups were matched by age, gender and intellectual ability. Adults with autism were almost three times more anxious than the comparison group and gained significantly higher scores on the anxiety subscales of panic and agoraphobia, separation anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. In terms of sources of stress, significant differences between the two groups were also found, and stress was found to correlate with high anxiety levels for the autism group, particularly the ability to cope with change, anticipation, sensory stimuli and unple... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1038685 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1038685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1038684&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F4%2F343%3Frss%3D1 Studies involving professional carers of people with mental health problems have investigated the relationship between burnout, job satisfaction, the coping strategies employed by carers, and expressed emotion (EE). We undertook a similar study involving carers of adults with intellectual disabilities detained within a secure hospital. Twenty-seven nursing staff completed a Five Minute Speech Sample regarding a keyworked client. EE was coded, and measures of coping strategies, burnout, attitudes to psychiatric treatment and job satisfaction were administered. Sixty-three percent of the sample were coded as having high EE. These subjects reported significantly higher levels of depersonalization and lower levels of perso... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1038684 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1038684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1038683&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F4%2F329%3Frss%3D1 The locus of care for people with learning disabilities has shifted from institutional/residential care to community care, with Community Learning Disability Teams (CLDTs) providing support for people with learning disabilities, and their family caregivers, in the community. A survey of the perceived effectiveness of 145 CLDT members, 27 family caregivers and 21 people with a learning disability was undertaken. Findings suggest high levels of perceived effectiveness with the services provided by the CLDTs, but caregivers gave the lowest satisfaction ratings. Although overall effectiveness was rated highly there is no room for complacency. There was limited evidence to support the view that multidisciplinary CLDTs are more effective than unidisciplinary teams. Further research is required i... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1038683 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1038683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1038682&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F4%2F307%3Frss%3D1 This study explored perceptions of clinical supervision among community-based residential learning disability nurses in south-east England. A questionnaire generated a sample of 35, of whom 26 engaged regularly in clinical supervision. Respondents reported that supervision provided protected time to reflect on their skills and on their professional and personal development. They identified a need for greater clarity in the roles of supervisor and supervisee, and a clearer separation of managerial and developmental imperatives. They wanted support and preparation for supervision, and range of options for type of supervision and choice of supervisor. Thus supervision was found to be important for staff working in isolated community-based services for people with learning difficulties. Howeve... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1038682 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1038682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857330&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F3%2F303%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857330 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857329&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F3%2F281%3Frss%3D1 This study employs a multiple baseline across individual design to describe positive behaviour support for five people in community settings. The individuals represent all people with intellectual disability residing in one county with long-standing challenging behaviour resulting in serious physical injury. Five types of outcome are presented: rates of behaviour, rates of medication, psychiatric symptomatology, quality of life and revenue costs. The systems of support required to maintain outcomes and develop real lifestyles include behaviour support planning, mental health review, on-call intensive support and emergency respite care. Behaviours reduced to near-zero levels following implementation of positive behaviour suppor... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857329 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857328&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F3%2F267%3Frss%3D1 This study explores the prevalence and influences on smoking among 89 adolescents with mild learning disabilities, 108 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 124 typically developing peers aged 12—16 years. All the participants were attending mainstream secondary schools and they were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire on smoking. It was found that adolescents with ADHD smoked more than adolescents with mild learning disabilities, who in turned smoked more than adolescents not diagnosed with any disability. More adolescents with ADHD reported that the majority of their friends smoked and they were less well informed about the health effects of smoking. No differences were identified ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857328 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857327&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F3%2F257%3Frss%3D1 The phrase `learning disability' is just one in a long succession of descriptors applied to those people in our society who are categorized by a matrix of psycho-medical assessments, marginalized by compromised intellectual function, characterized by increased health needs and excluded from the mainstream on the basis of reduced social opportunity. But what exactly is `learning disability'? Is there an empirical basis to the label, or is it just another example of bureaucratic language objectifying individuals in a process of medicalization? Historical examples will be used to illustrate the origins of the taxonomy that has subsequently formed the basis of the labelling process. The more recent words of individuals lab... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857327 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857326&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F3%2F241%3Frss%3D1 Organizations that support persons with intellectual disabilities will likely experience increasing pressure to provide evidence of the benefits of services to participants in programs. In this article we propose a model for assessing goal attainment modified from scales used with other populations that both develops from the person-centered planning process and informs on program and organizational efficacy. Implications for assessing goal attainment and considerations for applying information to improve individual, program and organization quality are presented. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857326 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857325&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F3%2F223%3Frss%3D1 Older adults with intellectual disability are at increased risk of a wide range of health problems. Hitherto, methods to assess these problems have been healthcare-professional-led and largely based on traditional medical models. Following a literature review and focus group work we produced a user-led health assessment that was feasible and acceptable. The assessment was administered to 57 adults with a wide range of intellectual disability aged 40 years and over, living in the community. The assessment took a median of 21 minutes to administer and covered user-led themes of participation/ability, nutrition and hygiene/self-care. A principal component representing a user-led general health measure correlated positively with the number of health problems ( = 0.54, p < 0.001) and the num... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857325 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857324&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F3%2F219%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857324 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715191&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F2%2F213%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715191 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715190&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F2%2F197%3Frss%3D1 The perceptions of staff about challenging behaviour may be a key factor in designing successful behavioural interventions. There is a lack of robust psychometric instruments designed to assess staff attributions towards incidents of challenging behaviour. The aim of this research was to develop a scale based upon the self-regulation theory of illness behaviour. Two staff focus groups identified and clarified relevant constructs to be included in the Challenging Behaviour Perception Questionnaire (CBPQ), which was then completed by 51 staff. Some correlations between the CBPQ and the Attributional Style Questionnaire were found. A significant amount of the variance in the perception of challenging behaviour was explained by the subscales of the new questionnaire. In particular, episodic ti... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715190 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715189&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F2%2F183%3Frss%3D1 This study shows that teachers have a vital role to play in the early recognition of psychiatric signs and symptoms in young people with intellectual disabilities. Teachers must also receive the appropriate education and training in an attempt to prompt early referral to specialists for a detailed and comprehensive psychiatric assessment rather than continuing to manage such young people's challenging behaviours. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715189 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715188&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F2%2F167%3Frss%3D1 People strive to make meaning out of the death of their loved ones. People with intellectual disabilities, however, may not be actively involved in death and may therefore experience disenfranchised grief. Bereavement support for this population remains at best inconsistent across the UK. The aim of this article is to further explore a bereavement support model recently developed. A case study is utilized to demonstrate the practicalities inherent in the integrated approach offered. A bereavement support framework can provide a holistic perspective for people with intellectual disabilities when integrated with a systems approach to care delivery. The resultant strategy incorporates practical ideas that address the bereavement needs of people with intellectual disabilities, encapsulating al... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715188 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715187&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F2%2F157%3Frss%3D1 This article presents a report of Dementia Care Mapping for eight adults with learning disabilities and dementia. Trained `mappers' observed individuals over a set period and recorded their behaviour every 5 minutes. The person was then assigned a wellbeing or illbeing value for each 5 minute period, based on the mapper's empathic judgement as to how the individual was feeling at that time. Any examples of particularly positive or negative events were also recorded and the results fed back to the staff team. Data were used to aid care planning, and outcomes are reported. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715187 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715186&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F2%2F143%3Frss%3D1 Staff working directly with people who have challenging behaviour in learning disability services need to be D good at what they do. These staff are trained by their employers to manage and to treat challenging behaviours and to improve the quality of life of people in their care. While such training is generally well evaluated by care staff, there is limited evidence that training alone changes poor attitudes or improves staff performance. Training has not been linked to quality of outcomes for service users. From research on treating challenging behaviour, achieving maintenance of behavioural gains after treatment has been discontinued is the exception rather than the rule. Can the same be said for maintaining gains achieved through staff training in the area of challenging behaviour? Th... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715186 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715185&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F2%2F127%3Frss%3D1 This study explored communication strategies adopted by staff nurses in a residential centre in Ireland for persons with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Interactions between staff nurses and service users were video recorded and analysed to determine the frequencies of verbal and non-verbal communication acts. Semi-structured and focus group interviews were carried out with the 10 participating staff nurses. Participants identified staff-related factors, the communicative environment, alternative methods of communication and choice as key elements in communicating with service users. No differences were observed in the frequency of verbal and non-verbal communicative acts. There was a discrepancy between what communicative acts the participants named as their preferred strat... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715185 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=715184&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F2%2F123%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=715184 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 715184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407528&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F1%2F119%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407528 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407527&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F1%2F105%3Frss%3D1 Most of the recent debate concerning the ethics of physical interventions has focused on the management of aggressive and destructive behaviours, neglecting the management of self-injurious behaviour.This is an important omission, given the extremely serious consequences that can arise from this form of challenging behaviour.The present article reviews types of restraint used to manage self-injury, prevalence of use, and main and side effects of restraint use. It describes some good practice standards and highlights the need for further research and debate in this complex area. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407527 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407526&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F1%2F83%3Frss%3D1 This article focuses on two UK government policy documents issued in 1971 and 2001.Their context, creation, principles, proposals and proposed implementation are examined, and lessons are drawn for an international audience as to the changing nature of services in the UK.The analysis reveals a move from a detailed and prescriptive policy in 1971, largely defined by professionals and bureaucrats, and aimed primarily at families with a disabled member, to statements of broad principles in 2001, devised in consultation with and aimed at a range of groups, including disabled people themselves.The article acknowledges progress in individual rights and choices for people with learning disabilities, but raises doubts about ho... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407526 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407525&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F1%2F65%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the practice and policy based literature on person-centred planning in learning disability services in England. Its aim is to identify the implications for the workforce in practice.The analysis found that implementation is often described as partial or slow and characterizes reasons for this at a number of levels, including the slow pace of change in service culture and power relations, immutable funding structures, services’ inflexible infrastructures, high levels of staff turnover and lack of training, inexperience among service management, inadequate staff supervision, and ambiguity among some stakeholders. Little substantial critique exists of the model itself. Analysis of the literature ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407525 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407524&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F1%2F47%3Frss%3D1 Challenging behaviours may elicit negative emotional reactions and increase stress within care staff. The Leeds Attributional Coding System (LACS) was used to elicit spontaneous causal attributions of staff toward hypothetical clients with challenging behaviours. It was hypothesized that there would be relationships (1) between staff exposure to challenging behaviours and burnout, and (2) between staff cognitions and burnout. Using a cross-sectional correlational design, 41 care staff took part in a 10 minute interview about two vignettes depicting self-injurious behaviour. Staff also completed measures of demographic information and burnout. Participants made attributions toward self-injurious behaviour that were typically ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407524 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407522&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F1%2F23%3Frss%3D1 The development of an electronic inventory to assess learning styles of adults with intellectual difficulties was seen as an inclusion strategy to aid learning and achievement. Some argue for the ‘centrality of e-learning to educational diversity’, for example. The use of VAK inventories (whether electronic or paper based), however, has been derogated as leading to theory-practice pedagogy that is misinterpreted and ill-informed. The focus here is dual in that the vigour and ‘user friendliness’ of the tool developed is analysed in the midst of a critical appraisal of its use. Assessments conducted using the inventory developed showed 34 percent of the participants have visual preferences, 34 percent ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407522 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407520&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F1%2F9%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the perceptions of 94 consumers with an intellectual disability and 53 carers regarding interactions with financial service providers. Consumers and carers mentioned a number of problems with banks, and reported a low rate of successful resolution of these difficulties. Carers mentioned more problems than consumers, and more frequently reported intangible problems such as discrimination. The ‘digital divide’ was evident, with few consumers having access to Internet or telephone banking. People with intellectual disabilities need education programmes about electronic banking, their rights as consumers and their access to problem resolution strategies. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabili... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407520 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=407519&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F11%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=407519 Wed, 07 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 407519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273947&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F4%2F381%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273947 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273946&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F4%2F377%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273946 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273945&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F4%2F365%3Frss%3D1 This article is presented as a follow-up to exploratory work published in this journal in 2001. It describes a study that aimed to assess the effectiveness of dementia care mapping in supporting practice improvement in intellectual disability residential services. An average of 9 hours of observational data was collected using dementia care mapping in relation to 14 adults with severe or profound intellectual disabilities. Sixteen interviews were also undertaken with staff over a 4 month period.The findings provided a detailed picture of the activities and interactions between the participants involved in the study and raised some issues about ‘organizational culture’ when developing person-centred approach... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273945 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273944&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F4%2F357%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a study investigating the relationship between two assessments for dementia in people with learning disabilities. Carers of people with learning disabilities over the age of 50 (or 40 if the individual had Down syndrome) completed the Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded People and the Adaptive Behaviour Scale–Residential and Community. Overall, the two questionnaire measures showed significant relationships. However, results suggested that both assessments have clinical value in informing individual needs and aiding diagnosis. Implications for both clinical and social care services are discussed. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273944 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273943&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F4%2F337%3Frss%3D1 The existing uptake of eye care services by 146 learning disabled adults was investigated using a telephone questionnaire. It was found that 39 percent were receiving less eye care than the general population; those living either with families or independently were significantly less likely to have had an examination than people living with paid support staff; 30 percent of those previously examined had been diagnosed with eye problems; and 43 percent of those previously prescribed glasses were reported as unable to tolerate them. Eye examinations were offered to all participants and were found to be possible for all who attended.The implications for service provision and development are discussed. (Source: Journal of Intellec... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273943 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273942&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F4%2F317%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether involvement in a 16 week exercise programme improved goal attainment in areas of behaviour, access to community-based experiences, health and physical competence. Participants were women with severe intellectual disability and associated challenging behaviour (setting A,N = 14) and male/female service users with profound physical and intellectual disabilities (setting B,N = 8).The exercise programme included active and passive exercise, walking, swimming, hydrotherapy, team games and rebound therapy. Significant gains in aggregated goal attainment were demonstrated by week 16.The reliability and validity of our goal attainment procedures were demonstrated with inter-rater r... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273942 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273941&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F4%2F305%3Frss%3D1 Today in Australian society the majority of families who have a child with a physical or intellectual disability will take care of that child across their lifespan. Mothers bear most of the burden associated with their child's care; however, little is known about the effect fulfilling this role has on the health of the mother.This interpretive research study was conducted with the aim of enhancing understanding of the health and wellness of mothers who have a child with an intellectual disability aged 0–5 years. Interview data were collected from five women living in a rural Australian city, and analysed using qualitative techniques.The research revealed that the mothers' health is backgrounded in time, space and... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273941 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=273940&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F4%2F299%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=273940 Tue, 14 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 273940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149393&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F3%2F295%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149393 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149392&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F3%2F293%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149392 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149391&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F3%2F291%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149391 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149390&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F3%2F289%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149390 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149389&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F3%2F275%3Frss%3D1 Very little research has been done on social inclusion from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities, including perceived barriers and remedies. Focus groups were held with 68 persons, mostly tenants in supported living or shared group homes. Qualitative data were obtained using a mix of workshop activities and small group discussions. Four main barriers were identified: lack of necessary knowledge and skills; role of support staff and service mangers; location of house; and community factors such as lack of amenities and attitudes. Participants were able to identify a range of solutions for these barriers. Most of their proposals were in line with the aims of current government policy and good practice.These f... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149389 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149388&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F3%2F261%3Frss%3D1 The cholinergic system is one of the most important modulatory neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Alterations of the transmission communicators are accompanied by reduction of the cortical activity, which is associated with a learning and memory deficit. Down's syndrome is a pathological condition characterized by a high number of abnormalities that involve the brain.The cholinergic system is involved in alterations of the neurological system such as severe learning difficulties.To explain these alterations, important results are obtained from studies about murine trisomy 16 (animal model of Down's syndrome).The results obtained provide useful elements in the improvement of knowledge about the neurological and neur... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149388 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149387&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F3%2F249%3Frss%3D1 This article reports an analysis of practitioner and policy implementers' views on implementing the strategy document Valuing People. It is based on empirical data generated from the first phase of a research project that seeks to develop best practice in supporting people with an intellectual disability and dementia.The analysis focuses on how Valuing People's four key principles (choice, independence, rights and inclusion) were drawn on and talked about spontaneously by participants. Each of these four principles has important implications for the provision of services for people with intellectual disabilities and dementia. This article adds to the growing dialogue on service provision for this group. (Source: Journa... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149387 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149386&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F3%2F231%3Frss%3D1 Thirty-six mothers of children aged between 5 and 8 years with intellectual disabilities completed five self-report questionnaires measuring variables related to behavioural and emotional difficulties, levels of care demand, family supports, coping and positive perceptions.The relationships among these variables were investigated using a working model proposed by Hastings and Taunt (2002). Child behavioural and emotional problems in the non-clinical range predicted low levels of care demand. Formal social support was an effective form of support for mothers; helpfulness of formal social support predicted mobilizing the family to acquire and accept help in the community; and mobilizing the family predicted levels of strength ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149386 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149385&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F3%2F221%3Frss%3D1 Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been acknowledged as one of the most successful treatments for mental health problems. However, only a small number of practitioners engage in CBT with people with learning disabilities. A group of eight clinical psychologists who currently use CBT with this population gave details about their work in an attempt to gain a consensus on how to adapt CBT.The collective experiences of a wider group of experts produced a wealth of knowledge and suggestions to promote the use of CBT with this client group. Results suggested that although CBT needs to be creatively delivered, it does not necessarily need extensive adaptation. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149385 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=149384&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F3%2F219%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=149384 Thu, 17 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100 149384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16362&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F2%2F215%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16362 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16361&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F2%2F212%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16361 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16360&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F2%2F211%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16360 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16359&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F2%2F191%3Frss%3D1 This article describes and discusses 27 interviews that explored perceptions of the effectiveness of advocacy services for people with learning disabilities in the UK.The views of stakeholders on the current position of advocacy services, how services are evaluated and recommendations for change are central themes in the analysis of the interviews.The discussion suggests that although evaluation of effectiveness is increasingly important in the light of policy change and funding constraints, it is not universally in place and available tools are considered to be inadequate for the task.The explanation of this may lie in the continuing debates over the meaning and purpose of evaluation and fears that it is one-dimensional. ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16359 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16358&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F2%2F165%3Frss%3D1 The growth and development of children with developmental disability depend very much on the parents.The present study was designed to examine whether family-focused education could enhance parental skills, knowledge and competency.The enhancement would in turn result in greater parental participation in the rehabilitation process of these children.The parental needs of Chinese parents were reviewed for the formulation of the Family-Focused Education Programme, which was then implemented, and evaluated using a pre-test/post-test control group design. Forty parents were invited to participate in the study using a convenience sampling technique.The mean scores of these variables were in the direction of increasing after the prog... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16358 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16357&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F2%2F155%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the age at death of people with an intellectual disability in Ireland. Using data from the National Intellectual Disability Database, the average age at death of 1120 people who died between 1996 and 2001 was 45.68 years, with no difference in lifespan between men and women. A more severe level of intellectual disability predicted shorter lifespan. In general, those requiring lower levels of day-to-day support and supervision had a longer lifespan.Those living in the family home had the shortest lifespan while those in hospital residential environments had the longest lifespan.Those not attending any day service had a longer lifespan than those attending a range of day services.There were also differences i... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16357 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16356&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F2%2F143%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the successful experiences of people with Down syndrome to provide insights into the potential of people with intellectual disabilities. A qualitative approach was adopted, and 10 recipients of the Stevie Award for Outstanding Persons with Down syndrome were interviewed. Interviews with the participants' parents and other significant persons were also conducted. Content analysis and constant comparative method were adopted for data analysis. All 10 participants achieved in life when they demonstrated the motivation and perseverance to try new things and active involvement in extra-curricular activities and volunteer service. Role modeling and support from parents and teachers helped ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16356 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16355&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F2%2F121%3Frss%3D1 A personal development program, entitled ‘Growing Pains’, was developed for 11-to 15-year-old students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in a specialist school. Seven topics were identified as important in supporting students through the physical and emotional changes of adolescence. A single-group, non-experimental outcome evaluation was conducted on a 20 week trial program.Teacher-developed checklists of observable skills were completed pre-and post-program for 68 participants yielding individual ‘personal development’ scores and whole group ‘topic’ scores, graphed to observe pre–post differences. Parents and teachers completed feedback questionnaires. Graphed ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16355 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16354&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F2%2F105%3Frss%3D1 Relationships with external professionals may be an important factor in the psychological wellbeing of care staff. A questionnaire to measure team climate and staff wellbeing was developed, tested and revised. Seventy-two direct care staff completed the revised questionnaire, which had acceptable levels of internal consistency. Significant correlations were found between care staff attitudes towards professionals and levels of team climate and psychological wellbeing.The pattern of relationships was explored by path analysis. Further work is needed on the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.There is a clear association between attitudes to professionals and team climate and between some aspects of climate and... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16354 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16353&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F2%2F99%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16353 Mon, 08 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=123189&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F1%2F93%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=123189 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 123189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16369&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F1%2F75%3Frss%3D1 Increases in funding of advocacy schemes are leading to their general expansion in the UK. Little is known of how their activities are evaluated by funders. This article examines how local authorities evaluate the outcomes of advocacy schemes. It reports on and discusses the findings of a survey of local authorities. Respondents identified the types of support they provided to advocacy schemes and their requirements for service reports. Data are presented on the length of time that schemes have been funded, geographical variations and whether schemes are generalist or specialist. This analysis is set in the context of discussion with stakeholders. The authors conclude that monitoring and review systems are not well known or ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16369 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16368&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F1%2F61%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the first social pedagogy course to be introduced and professionally recognized in the UK: the BA in Curative Education Programme. This 4-year programme blurs the line between ‘classroom learning’ and ‘learning in practice’. A unique feature of the programme is that most students ‘live the course’ in residential care communities for children or adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The life-sharing aspect of the programme ensures that the principles of dignity, value and mutual respect can be meaningfully translated into practice. The social pedagogic model presents a timely challenge to current care philosophy and practice. (Source: Journal ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16368 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16367&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F1%2F47%3Frss%3D1 Serum vitamin D level was measured in 122 patients with learning disabilities in long-term care wards. Such people are at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Low vitamin D is often attributed to lack of sunshine, poor dietary intake and the deleterious effect of anticonvulsant therapy. The results of this study confirmed that a low level of vitamin D (14.38 ± 7.9 nmol/l) prevails, regardless of anticonvulsant usage. Sunshine exposure was virtually non-existent for most patients. Research has shown that when sunlight exposure is limited, osteomalacia in the British Asian community is determined by dietary factors. Our subjects had three types of diet: standard, soft and tube feeding. For both males and females, the ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16367 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16366&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F1%2F35%3Frss%3D1 This article considers these issues with reference to the wider context of duties of care, freedom of choice and the attitudes of staff that shape responses to abuse. Practitioners are challenged to consider what can be done to overcome neglect with specific reference to the neglect of health needs. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16366 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16365&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F1%2F19%3Frss%3D1 This study explores the self-concepts of Hong Kong Chinese with intellectual disabilities. Face-to-face and individual interviews were conducted in Cantonese, using the Chinese version of the Adult Source of Self-Esteem Inventory (ASSEI) together with three open-ended questions to explore the participants’ self-conceptions in different life domains. An opportunity sample of 135 young adults with intellectual disabilities was interviewed. The findings showed that the family self, the social self and achievement in school and work were the self-concept attributes most important to the participants. The participants of this study had a higher total self-concept than that of a comparison group of people without disab... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16365 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16364&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F10%2F1%2F9%3Frss%3D1 People with learning disabilities often have difficulties understanding abstract concepts such as the concept of time yet research in this area is scarce. Not only does the development of an understanding of the concept of time enable us to predict future events, order past events and give us a sense of control over current events, it also serves to contribute to the very essence of our understanding of a sense of ourselves. It seems reasonable to suggest that the converse may be true for people who are not able to develop this concept. Time perception and understanding are complex cognitive processes. It is suggested that facilitating this development and managing associated difficulties may be achieved by focusing on the pra... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16364 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16363&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F10%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16363 Wed, 22 Feb 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=123190&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F9%2F4%2F377%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=123190 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 123190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16377&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F9%2F4%2F381%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16377 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16376&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F4%2F359%3Frss%3D1 The article reports on the experiences of group activities within an area of Yorkshire that helped young people with special needs to express their views and opinions. Significant issues were raised by the ethics of undertaking work with young people and these are reviewed. The young people involved in the research reported that their participation in the groups developed their self-confidence and advocacy skills. This led them to be more confident in expressing their needs at school and in the community. To establish wider generalizability for the study findings, the Yorkshire group activities were compared with another similar group in London where further data were collected from the young people involved. In facili... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16376 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16375&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F4%2F345%3Frss%3D1 This article gives accounts of differing experiences of self-advocate partnerships in research with universities in England and Flanders. In England the partnership grew up within a local People First group built upon a personal working relationship with one support person. It is focused almost exclusively on empirical research and, because it is aimed at influencing policy and practice, questions of funding and control are to the fore. In Flanders the partnership is closely linked with the development of a national movement of self-advocates in which the university was a close ally. Research is important in both contexts but in Flanders the university is more clearly identified with the wider movement. Partnerships have their... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16375 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16374&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F4%2F333%3Frss%3D1 This article critiques the relationship between the aims of ‘learning disability’ policy and the realities of the self-advocacy movement. A previous study found that self-advocacy can be defined as the public recognition of the resilience of people with learning difficulties. In the current climate of Valuing People, partnership boards and ‘user empowerment’, understanding resilience is crucial to the support of authentic forms of self-advocacy. This article aims to address such a challenge. First, understandings of resilience in relation to self-empowerment and self-advocacy are briefly considered. Second, the current policy climate and service provision rhetoric are critically explored. Thir... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16374 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16373&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F4%2F321%3Frss%3D1 This article will examine empowerment through policy at three levels: governmental, service and ‘street’. It will focus in particular on ‘street level’ policy, drawing on qualitative interviews and an analysis of documentation within a day centre for adults with learning difficulties. The recorded behaviour of the workers and the structure of the day centre affected service users’ experience of power. This is discussed through the theoretical construction of the organization’s ‘service forum’ that contains its ‘posture’, a set of formal values and beliefs owned by the organization, and the ‘culture’, which is the unofficial day-to-day presentation ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16373 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16372&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F4%2F299%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the literature in respect of models of evaluation of advocacy schemes for people with learning disability. It discusses the six main models and the issues that arise in evaluation. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are analysed. The article concludes that whilst fears exist about the potential for evaluation to infringe advocacy schemes’ autonomy, funders need to undertake such a process for reasons of public accountability. Advocacy schemes may find it useful to consider which model of evaluation works best for them and will be appropriate and useful for their funders. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16372 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16371&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F4%2F289%3Frss%3D1 This article considers what the notions of empowerment, rights and citizenship imply in the way of structures and policies. It argues that a coherent model is emerging with recognizable elements. The article begins with a brief discussion of some background and theoretical questions. It then examines four elements: support for people to articulate their claims; support for people to identify, obtain and manage supports necessary to actualize their claims; providing control over resources; and governance. Examples will be drawn primarily from the UK and British Columbia, Canada to illustrate the elements. The article then looks at some of the issues related to successful implementation of a rights or empowerment based model of ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16371 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16370&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F9%2F4%2F283%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16370 Mon, 05 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16384&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F9%2F3%2F269%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16384 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16383&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F3%2F253%3Frss%3D1 The self-concepts of Hong Kong Chinese parents with a child of school age with severe intellectual disability were explored. A 20-item Adult Sources of Self-Esteem Inventory (ASSEI) and open-ended questions on self-evaluation and interviewing were adopted as the major procedures to identify the source and basis of their self-conceptions. One hundred and nine parents - 35 males and 74 females, aged 31 to 45 - participated in this study. The results indicated that the participants showed similar life priorities as the control group (parents of non-handicapped children). However, the participants showed significantly lower concept of self than the control group in most areas of life. An exploratory factor-analytic result showed ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16383 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16382&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F3%2F241%3Frss%3D1 This article suggests that the concept of social capital has the potential to generate improvements in health, education, community care, community regeneration and employment. However, the fundamental opportunities to accumulate social capital for the intellectually disabled are considerable and their existing contributions are often undervalued. Furthermore, as the concept permeates into sociological and political discourse in the UK, its potential to generate further structural inequalities needs to be acknowledged. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16382 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16381&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F3%2F229%3Frss%3D1 This article identifies parallels between the concept of alexithymia and the emotion recognition difficulties and external cognitive styles that have been identified in people with learning disabilities. The article further identifies that many developmental factors considered important in the aetiology of alexithymia are significantly present in the lives of people with learning disabilities and that the association between alexithymia and mental health identified in other populations may also be important for people with learning disabilities. We conclude that there is a strong argument that alexithymia should be a focus of further research for people with learning disabilities. (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16381 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16380&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F3%2F209%3Frss%3D1 Interventions for children with autism based upon Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) has been repeatedly shown to be related both to educational gains and to reductions in challenging behaviours. However, to date, comprehensive training in ABA for teachers and others have been limited. Over 7 months, 11 teachers undertook 90 hours of classroom instruction and supervision in ABA. Each teacher conducted a comprehensive functional assessment and designed a behaviour support plan targeting one behaviour for one child with an autistic disorder. Target behaviours included aggression, non-compliance and specific educational skills. Teachers recorded observational data for the target behaviour for both baseline and intervention ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16380 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16379&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F9%2F3%2F193%3Frss%3D1 Although health and social services in Northern Ireland are jointly commissioned and delivered, the recent emphasis in government policy on multi-agency working for people with learning disabilities has not extended as yet to the region. A qualitative research study, with informants drawn from a range of sectors and agencies beyond health and social services, nonetheless identified at least 24 different organizations who were participating in some form of joint working. The benefits were seen to outweigh potential difficulties and respondents identified the factors that they had found facilitated joint working as well as the obstacles to it. These centred on the need to build relationships among participants, creating ... Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16379 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16378&cid=s_27154_179_f&fid=27154&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjid.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F9%2F3%2F187%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Intellectual Disabilities) Journal of Intellectual Disabilities journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16378 Tue, 06 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16378