MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Interpersonal Violence' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 01:09:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507329&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3790%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the analysis of the psychometric properties, including the validity and reliability, of the Empathy Index (EI), a new instrument designed to measure empathy deficits of sex offenders. The EI was tested with a sample of 158 sex offenders incarcerated in North Carolina prisons. An exploratory factor analysis yielded three subscales: social aggression; instrumental (proactive) aggression; and justification. Social aggression was an unexpected finding, given this type of aggression is more commonly found in young females rather than adult male sex offenders. The instrument demonstrates promising construct and concurrent validity as well as strong internal reliability. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507329 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507328&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3773%3Frss%3D1 This study’s primary aims were to examine whether a sample of young adults, aged 23 to 31, who had been documented as physically abused by their parent(s) during adolescence would be more likely to aggress, both physically and verbally, against their intimate partners compared with nonabused young adults and whether abuse history was (along with other risk factors) a significant predictor of intimate partner physical and emotional violence perpetration or victimization. In this longitudinal study, 67 abused and 78 nonabused adults (of an original sample of 198 adolescents) completed the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale and the Jealousy and Emotional Control Scales. Nonabused comparison adolescents were matched for age, gender, and community income. As adults, participants with abuse h... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507328 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507327&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3753%3Frss%3D1 This study utilizes data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 and incorporates multilevel modeling techniques to examine the impact of violence and victimization at school on dropping out. The results indicate Black/African Americans and Latino American students who are victimized at school are at higher risk of dropping out. The implications of the evident racial and ethnic disparities in the relationship between victimization and dropping out within the U.S. school system are discussed. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507327 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507326&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3720%3Frss%3D1 This study focuses on intergenerational continuity in violent partner relationships. We investigate whether exposure to caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) during adolescence leads to increased involvement in IPV during early adulthood (age 21-23) and adulthood (age 29-31). We also investigate whether this relationship differs by gender. Although there is theoretical and empirical support for intergenerational continuity of relationship violence, there are few prospective studies of this issue. We use data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), a longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior in a community sample of 1,000 urban youth followed from age 14 to adulthood. The original sample includes 73% men and 85% African American or Hispanic youth. Measures ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507326 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507325&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3699%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to understand if greater severity of maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), related to maternal report of interpersonal violence, mediates the effects of such violence on (a) child PTSS as well as on (b) child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Study participants were mothers (N = 77) and children 18 to 48 months recruited from community pediatric clinics. Data were analyzed continuously via bivariate correlations and then multiple linear regression. Post hoc Sobel tests were performed to confirm mediation. Paternal violence accounted for 15% of the variance of child PTSS on the PCIP-OR (β = .39, p ≤ .001). While the child’s father being violent significantly predicts child PTSS related to domestic violence, as mentioned, when maternal PTSS is i... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507325 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507324&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3682%3Frss%3D1 We examined the influence of dependence power judgments (defined by a combined assessment of mother commitment, perceived father commitment, and perceived father alternatives) in a community sample of mothers potentially bound to a relationship with the father of her child. We also considered the influence of perceived father involvement in the child’s life on judgments related to dependence power. Using a survey design with a sample of 100 mothers (age: 16-43, M = 29.16, SD = 7.17 years old) enrolled in a local Early Head Start/Head Start program, we observed that a mother’s perceived father involvement was positively associated with judgments of her dependence power. Furthermore, we observed that her assessment of dependence power was negatively associated with her tolerance ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507324 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507323&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3667%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, pathways to nonsuicidal self-harm differed by sex. For women there were direct links with assault victimization and PTSD in early adulthood, whereas for men only internalizing disorders predicted future NSSH. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507323 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507322&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3640%3Frss%3D1 Although research has shown that undergraduate women are at high risk for experiencing sexual assault, little research has been conducted with undergraduate women who are attending a historically Black college or university (HBCU). The purpose of this research is to document the prevalence of different types of sexual assault among undergraduate women at HBCUs and make comparisons to data collected from undergraduate women at non-HBCUs. Data on sexual assault victimization were collected from 3,951 undergraduate women at HBCUs using a cross-sectional, web-based survey. These data are compared to data collected from 5,446 undergraduate women at non-HBCUs using the same research methods. Findings indicate that approximately 9.7% of undergraduate women at HBCUs report experiencing a completed... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507322 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507321&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3618%3Frss%3D1 Sexual assault survivors often feel traumatized by the care received in traditional hospital emergency departments. To address these problems, Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) programs were created to provide comprehensive medical care, crisis intervention, and forensic services. However, there is limited research on the actual experiences and emotional impact of sexual assault survivors who seek treatment from SANEs. This qualitative study examined twenty rape survivors’ experiences with forensic nurse examiners of a Midwestern SANE program. Findings suggest that SANEs provided survivors with care and compassion, clear explanations, and choices. Taken together, these positive experiences were perceived as "humanizing". However, some survivors perceived forensic nurses as hurtful... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507321 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507320&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F18%2F3599%3Frss%3D1 This study addresses the intended escalatory tendency in eight hypothetical situations in which the provocator’s identity (partner or stranger, male or female) and the provocation form (verbal or physical aggression) were manipulated. The research question is "how does the identity of the provocator and the form of his or her provocation affect the participant’s intended escalation level, and does the gender of the participant affect differences in intended escalation level?" The research sample consisted of 208 Israeli couples. The main finding is that women’s intended response to their male partner is more escalatory than men’s intended response to their female partner. Results also show that women’s escalation is the most severe to partner provocation and t... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507320 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507319&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F177%3Frss%3D1 Guided by conceptual and empirical work on emerging adulthood, this study investigated the role of closeness to mother and father and behavioral autonomy during adolescence on the development of adult-onset antisocial behavior. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we identified four aggressive (abstainer, adolescent-limited, adult-onset, chronic) and three nonaggressive (adolescent-limited, adult-onset, chronic) trajectories. Members of the aggressive adult-onset trajectory reported higher levels of paternal closeness during adolescence compared to the members of the aggressive chronic trajectory. Maternal closeness and behavioral autonomy did not differentially predict trajectory membership. In addition, members of the adult-onset trajectories... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507319 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507318&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F158%3Frss%3D1 Two waves of longitudinal data from 1,049 African American youth living in extreme poverty are used to examine the impact of exposure to violence (Time 1) and violent behavior (Time 1) on first time gun carrying (Time 2). Multivariate logistic regression results indicate that (a) violent behavior (Time 1) increased the likelihood of initiation of gun carrying (Time 2) by 76% after controlling for exposure to violence at Time 1, which is consistent with the stepping stone model of youth gun carrying, and (b) youth who were both exposed to violence at Time 1 and engaged in violent behavior at Time 1 were more than 2.5 times more likely to initiate gun carrying at Time 2 compared to youth who had neither of these characteristics, which supports the cumulative risk model of youth gun carrying.... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507318 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507317&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F142%3Frss%3D1 This study explored the prevalence of violent behaviors in patients who are addicted to drugs. A sample of 252 addicted patients (203 male and 49 female) who sought outpatient treatment was assessed. Information on violent behaviors, sociodemographic factors, consumption factors (assessed by the European version of the Addiction Severity Index [EuropASI]), psychopathological factors (assessed by Symptom Checklist–90–Revised [SCL-90-R]), and personality variables (assessed by Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory [MCMI-II]) was collected. Drug-addicted patients who were associated with violent behaviors were compared on all variables with patients who were not associated with violent behaviors. The rate of drug-addicted patients with violent behaviors in this sample was 39.68% (n... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507317 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507316&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F125%3Frss%3D1 The present study examines the quality of peer relations as a mediator between exposure to IPV (intimate partner violence) and internalizing behaviors in a sample of 129 preadolescents and adolescents (ages 10-18), who were interviewed via telephone as part of a multigenerational, prospective, longitudinal study. Relational victimization is also examined as a moderator of IPV exposure on internalizing behaviors. Results demonstrate a significant association of exposure to severe IPV and internalizing behaviors. Relational victimization is found to moderate the effects of exposure to severe IPV on internalizing behaviors. The present findings suggest that the effects of exposure to IPV had a particularly important effect on the risk for internalizing problems if the adolescent also experien... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507316 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507315&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F103%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the prospective relationships among borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, interpersonal problems, and types of aggressive behaviors (i.e., experiencing psychological and physical victimization and perpetrating psychological and physical aggression) in a psychiatric sample (N = 139) over the course of 2 years. We controlled for other PD symptoms and demographic variables. BPD symptoms at baseline were associated with interpersonal sensitivity, interpersonal ambivalence, interpersonal aggression, need for social approval, and lack of sociability 6 months later. In turn, interpersonal sensitivity predicted not experiencing physical aggression, interpersonal aggression predicted experiencing physical aggression and perpetrating both psychological and physical aggr... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507315 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507314&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F84%3Frss%3D1 A common reason for not participating in intimate partner violence (IPV) research is thought to be fear for one’s safety. However, little is known about those who do not participate due to safety fears. To better characterize this population, we investigated correlates of being "not safe" to answer the optional IPV module in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), a yearly cross-sectional telephone survey in the United States. We compared those who said they were not safe to complete the module with those who were safe and reported (+IPV) or denied (–IPV) IPV. Forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify significant correlates of being not-safe. Those who said they were not safe to answer IPV questions were found to have lower... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507314 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507313&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F62%3Frss%3D1 This study presents descriptive findings about the bystander experiences of 27 men who recently became involved in antiviolence against women work. More specifically, we describe the consistency with which respondents actively intervene in the speech or behavior of others, the strategies they use, and the factors they weigh as they deliberate taking action. Respondents report a complex and interrelated set of individual and contextual influences on their choices within bystander opportunities, which hold implications for both violence-specific models of bystander behavior and for prevention intervention development. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507313 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507312&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F40%3Frss%3D1 The current study aimed to examine formal and informal help-seeking responses to interpersonal victimization among a national sample of Latino women. In addition, an examination of help-seeking by victimization type was undertaken. Data came from the Sexual Assault Among Latinas (SALAS) study that obtained help-seeking rates among a victimized subsample of Latino women (n = 714; 35.7% of a national sample). Results show a majority (76.6%) of the victimized participants engaged in some form of help-seeking with informal resources (68.9%) more often used than formal (32.5%). Medical attention was the type of formal help-seeking sought most often among victimized women who were injured (34.7%), and parents were the most common source of informal help-seeking (26.6%). However, logistic regress... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507312 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507311&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F23%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion: In contrast to previous reports, efforts at our CAC seem to overcome linkage barriers in this population. However, there remain challenges in achieving successful completion of treatment goals in this population. Engaging caregivers’ involvement in therapy services had a positive effect with successfully achieving treatment goals. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507311 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507310&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F27%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 This study seeks to examine whether gender differences exist in detectives’ arrest decisions in sexual assault cases. Victim, suspect, incident, and detective characteristics are collected from police case and investigatory files on 328 criminal sexual assault cases involving adult female victims reported to a large Midwestern police department in 2003. Logistic regression is used to determine whether detective gender predicted the odds of arrest after controlling for incident, victim, and suspect characteristics. It is hypothesized that cases involving female detectives would be more likely to result in arrest after controlling for other incident, victim, and suspect characteristics. However, contrary to expectations, female detectives are significantly less likely than male detecti... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507310 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5507310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317431&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3580%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to assess the prevalence of myths concerning rape and sexual abuse in a national population survey. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317431 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317430&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3561%3Frss%3D1 A mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design was employed to explore the association between posttraumatic anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; symptoms) in victims of civilian violence. It was speculated that this relationship is mainly due to concurrent recalled peritraumatic emotions. Such emotions may be interpreted to result from anger-rooted threat perceptions and to share similarities with posttraumatic intrusion symptoms. In addition, predictors of PTSD maintenance were investigated. Cross-sectional data indicated that posttraumatic anger and several indices of PTSD were highly interconnected. Recalled peritraumatic emotions partly accounted for the relation between posttraumatic anger and posttraumatic intrusions (n = 177). Only posttraumatic intrusions were associate... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317430 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317429&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3542%3Frss%3D1 The current study sought to specifically examine the affect of teasing by way of technology (cyber-teasing) and the importance of the redressive component of a tease. A triangulated approach was used here to gain better insight into the concept of "hurtful" cyber-teasing between romantic partners. A pretheoretical model was developed highlighting the possible associations between teasing via technology and relational outcomes. Findings provide researchers with the prevalence of hurtful cyber-teasing and the associated personal and relational outcomes. In addition, the relationship between hurtful cyber-teasing and the reasons why certain messages escalated into face-to-face verbal aggression and physical violence were also revealed. These results are discussed in light of the inability of ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317429 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317428&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3526%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, results support the hypothesis that second generation CSA survivors are more likely to experience poly-victimization. Future research should address how intergenerational patterns of abuse might affect presenting symptomatology and treatment outcome. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317428 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317427&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3509%3Frss%3D1 This study examined effects of type of and cumulative burden of childhood adversities on bullying and cruelty to animals in the United States. Data were derived from Waves I and II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Structured psychiatric interviews were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Although the effects of childhood adversity diminished with the inclusion of confounding variables, several adversities remained significant. For bullying, these included being made to do chores that were too difficult or dangerous, threatening to hit or throw something, pushing, shoving, slapping, or hitting, and hitting that left bruises, marks, or injuries. With respect to cruelty... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317427 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317426&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3494%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study is to analyze the health care costs of violence against women. For the study, we used a register-based approach where we identified victims of violence and assessed their actual health care costs at individual level in a bottom-up analysis. Furthermore, we identified a reference population. We computed the attributable costs, that is, the excess health care costs for victims compared to an identified reference population of nonvictims. Only costs within the health care sector were included, that is, somatic and psychiatric hospital costs, costs within the primary health care sector and costs of prescription pharmaceuticals. We estimated the attributable health care costs of violence against women in Denmark, using a generalized linear model where health care costs wer... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317426 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317425&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3476%3Frss%3D1 This study examined associations between unwanted sexual experiences and both physical disability and cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of young adults. We used data from 11,878 participants (ages 26-32) in Waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Logistic regressions determined associations between physical disability and level of cognitive performance (using a modified Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) and the odds of experiencing physically forced and nonphysically coerced sex. Approximately 24% of females and 4% of males reported unwanted sexual experiences. Compared to respondents without disabilities, females with a physical disability had greater odds of experiencing forced sex (OR = 1.49; 95% CI [1.06, 2.08]... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317425 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317424&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3455%3Frss%3D1 Domestic violence is passed from one generation to the next, and it affects not only the victim but also the psychological states of the witnesses, and especially the psychosocial development of children. Studies have reported that those who have been the victim of or witnessing violence during their childhood will use violence to a greater extent as adults in their own families. This research examines the relationships between a history of childhood physical abuse, likelihood of psychiatric diagnoses, and potential for being a perpetrator of childhood physical abuse in adulthood among women who received psychiatric treatment and in the healthy population from Turkey. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood physical abuse vary depending on definition and setting. The frequency of witnessi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317424 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317423&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3428%3Frss%3D1 Stalking has increasingly been the subject of legislation and research in the past 20 years. Within intimate partner violence, the context where it is most likely to occur, stalking predicts both greater danger and greater distress for the victim. However, research shows that practitioners are often unsure how to address stalking, and that the remedies available may not be effective. This longitudinal exploration of stalking focused on the experience of victims of intimate partner stalking and was conducted by Safe Horizon, an organization providing assistance to victims of violence and abuse in New York City. The sample of 82 women was interviewed monthly over 7 months, and the data were analyzed using growth curve models. We found that stalking decreased over time at a marginally signifi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317423 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317422&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F17%2F3407%3Frss%3D1 The current study examines the impact of a victimology course on students’ perceptions of the blameworthiness of crime victims and knowledge of victimization issues. Victim-blaming attitudes among college students enrolled in a victimology course were compared with students enrolled in other courses. Results from a pretest and posttest suggest that the victimology students were significantly less likely to blame victims and these students also gained significantly more knowledge over time compared with the students who did not enroll in the course. Results from the multivariate analysis indicate that less knowledge over time and a higher propensity to blame victims at the beginning of the semester predicted more victim-blaming attitudes on the posttest. Overall, the findings suggest ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317422 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298503&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3393%3Frss%3D1 Rape prevention programmers and researchers have long struggled to select the most appropriate theoretical models to frame their work. Questions abound regarding appropriate standards of evidence for success of program interventions. The present article provides an alternative point of view to the one put forward by seven staff members from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Tharp et al., 2011). Questions are posed for readers to consider regarding the appropriateness of the medical model for rape prevention programs, whether randomized control trials are the one and only gold standard, whether programs presented to groups should be evaluated at the group or individual level, whether subscribing to principles of prevention selected by the CDC for other disciplines transla... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298503 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298502&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3383%3Frss%3D1 This article and the program it describes are representative of many sexual violence prevention programs that are in practice and provide an opportunity for a brief discussion of the development and evaluation of sexual violence prevention approaches. In this commentary, we will focus on two considerations for an evolving field: the adherence to the principles of prevention and the use of rigorous evaluation methods to demonstrate effectiveness. We argue that the problem of sexual violence has created urgency for effective prevention programs and that scientific and prevention standards provide the best foundation to meet this need. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298502 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298501&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3361%3Frss%3D1 We investigated agency directors’ perspectives about how service goals should be prioritized for domestic violence and sexual assault service subtypes, including crisis, legal advocacy, medical advocacy, counseling, support group, and shelter services. A sample of 97 (94% response rate) North Carolina domestic violence and/or sexual assault agency directors completed a survey asking participants to rank the importance of service goals. Overall, participants considered emotional support provision to be a critical service goal priority across all service types. Social support and self-care service strategies were deemed less important. However, prioritization of other service goals varied depending on the service type. Statistically significant differences on service goal prioritizatio... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298501 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298500&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3338%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the prevalence of client violence toward child protection workers and its negative impacts on the work attitudes of those workers compared with community service workers in South Korea. This study is based on the assumption that child protection workers are more vulnerable to violence than are community service workers because of the unique characteristics of the roles they play. Results of the data, drawn from a sample of 413 child protection workers and community service workers, found that client violence was more prevalent against child protection workers and that the negative impacts of this violence on work attitudes were more clearly highlighted for child protection workers. Based on the results of this study, implications for preventing client violence and l... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298500 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298499&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3316%3Frss%3D1 In a clinical sample of child psychiatry outpatients, chart review data were collected for 114 consecutive admissions over a 1-year period at a Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic. Data included history of documented maltreatment, potentially traumatic domestic or community violence, neglect or emotional abuse, and noninterpersonal stressors as well as demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and parent-rated child emotional and disruptive behavior problems. On a bivariate and multivariate basis, any past exposure to interpersonal violence—but not to noninterpersonal traumas—was related to more severe disruptive behavior problems, independent of the effects of demographics and psychiatric diagnoses. Noninterpersonal trauma and psychiatric diagnoses were associated wit... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298499 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298498&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3289%3Frss%3D1 Domestic violence has emerged as a worldwide concern since the 1970s. Although a substantial amount of efforts have been devoted to assessing various aspects of domestic violence, a relatively small number of studies have empirically examined factors that shape public attitudes toward police response to such incidents. Even rarer is investigating the topic from an international, comparative perspective. Based on survey data gathered from approximately 550 college students in China and the United States, this study analyzes the effects of background characteristics, personal and vicarious experiences of crime, and perceptions of gender roles and violence on attitudes toward proactive and traditional police response to domestic violence. Compared to their American counterparts, Chinese stude... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298498 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298497&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3267%3Frss%3D1 We aimed to analyze the internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) in a representative sample of 8,995 women attending general practice in Spain in 2006-2007. The factor structure analysis shows that the ISA measures four intimate partner violence (IPV) dimensions: emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and controlling behavior. Cronbach alpha ranges from .82 (sexual factor) to .94 (emotional). Construct validity analysis shows that IPV is associated with poorer self-perceived health, higher psychological distress, and lower tangible social support. The ISA can help make more visible forms of gender violence in the intimate relationship that sometimes are not recognized as such, like sexual violence or controlling behavior. This ca... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298497 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298496&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3248%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this article is to describe an exploratory study examining the relationship between intimate partner violence and psychological stressors in a sample of 188 adult abortion patients. Results indicate the almost 15% of respondents report a history of abuse by the coconceiving partner. In addition, women who reported having had one or more past abortions were more likely to also report that the person involved in the current pregnancy had also emotionally abused them. Women reporting one type of partner abuse were significantly more likely to also report other types of abuse. Women reporting abuse were less likely to report informing their coconceiving partner of their appointment at the clinic, less likely to report that their partner contributed financially to the abortion co... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298496 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298495&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3225%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated childhood physical abuse and ulcers in a regionally representative community sample. Age, race and sex were controlled for in addition to five clusters of potentially confounding factors: adverse childhood conditions, adult socioeconomic status, current health behaviors, current stress and marital status, and history of mood/anxiety disorders. Childhood physical abuse is associated with many negative physical and psychological adult health outcomes. Two recent studies demonstrate a potential link between childhood physical abuse and peptic ulcer disease in adulthood. The authors use regional data for the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey. Of the 13,069 respondents with complete data on abuse and ulcers, 7.... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298495 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298494&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3210%3Frss%3D1 Rape, sexual violence, psychological violence, and physical violence, among college students have been a concern. Lifetime events are often studied but not violence that specifically transpires while one is in college. Underrepresented groups such as Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, students who are gay, lesbian, and bisexual, and students who are members of racial and ethnic minorities have not been studied as extensively as White, heterosexual females. The authors used several measures to investigate the incidence of sexual violence, physical and psychological abuse among underrepresented groups in a random sample of 1,028 college students at a private, northeastern, technological campus in upstate New York, United States and analyzed victimization rates by gender, race/ethnicity, audi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298494 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298493&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F16%2F3187%3Frss%3D1 Grounded theory guided the analysis of 30 in-depth interviews with raped women and community members who had supported raped women in their contact with the police and health care services in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to understand and conceptualize the experiences of the informants by creating a theoretical model focusing on barriers, strategies, and responses during the help seeking process. The results illustrate a process of managing in the contemporary world characterized as walking a path of anger and humiliation. The barriers are illustrated by painful experiences of realizing it’s all about money, meeting unprofessionalism and irresponsibility, subjected to unreliable services, and by being caught in a messed-up system. Negotiating truths and knowing what to do capt... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298493 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212618&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3157%3Frss%3D1 This article provides evidence from population-based surveys of a steady decrease in male prisoner sexual assaults in New South Wales (NSW) between 1996 and 2009. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with former and current inmates, and using a "systems" approach they discuss the complexity of sexual assaults in prison, incorporating a multiplicity of perspectives. In particular, they bring together different sources of data and discuss this in relation to changes in power structures and control in a modern prison, the attitudes of older and younger prisoners, the concept of "duty of care," introduction of prison drug programs, and prisoner attitudes toward gender and sexuality. In anthropology, the term "system" is used widely for describing sociocultural phenomena of a given society... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212618 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212617&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3127%3Frss%3D1 Ethnic differences in violent behavior can be found in official crime statistics, as well as in surveys on juvenile delinquency. To explain these differences, research mainly focuses on factors like parental violence, violence legitimizing norms of masculinity, or socio-economic status. Little research has examined the role of friendship network’s ethnic composition on ethnic differences in violent behavior, although different sociological and criminological theories suggest that the composition of friendship networks can play an important role for attitudes and behavior of its members. Using data of a survey conducted in 2006 among all ninth-grade pupils in Hanover (Germany), we investigated the influence of friendship network’s ethnic composition on violent behavior in genera... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212617 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212616&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3098%3Frss%3D1 The finding of symmetry in intimate partner aggression is now generally accepted, but the convergence of male and female rates in these relationships remains unexplained. From qualitative analysis of male and female focus group discussions, we identified factors believed to influence the expression of aggression toward targets differing in sex and degree of intimacy. These factors were then used to construct a questionnaire in which 355 respondents indicated the applicability of the items to conflicts with a partner, a same-sex friend, and an opposite-sex friend. Principal component analysis revealed a clear two-factor structure of impelling forces (tending to provoke or initiate aggression) and inhibitory forces (tending to suppress or diminish the likelihood of aggression). Participants&... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212616 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212615&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3080%3Frss%3D1 Research suggests that among college students, physical and sexual abuse in intimate relationships are associated with posttraumatic stress. Psychological abuse occurs in intimate relationships among college students, and though there is evidence that such abuse has a negative emotional impact, posttraumatic stress has not been extensively researched as an outcome in this population. The purpose of this study is to determine the associations of past-year psychological abuse with posttraumatic stress symptoms while controlling for other types of past-year relationship abuse and lifetime trauma history. The sample consists of 191 college men and women (81.7% women and 89.5% White). Linear regression analyses demonstrate that trauma history, but not past year relationship violence, is a signi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212615 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212614&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3050%3Frss%3D1 The nexus between substance abuse and intimate partner violence has been studied in depth. The interrelationship between drinking, intimate partner violence, and an officer’s decision to make an arrest has not received as much attention. The issue is complicated by the fact that either or both of the involved parties may have been drinking and the effects may vary depending on who has been drinking. In this article, the authors examine the relative contributions of his, her, and their drinking to the likelihood of arrest. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212614 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212613&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3033%3Frss%3D1 The relationship between empirical research inquiry and advocacy efforts is complex and seldom addressed in the interpersonal violence literature. In this article, we first examine how social conditions come to be seen as social problems, using a social constructionist perspective. Next, we focus specifically on the problem of interpersonal violence as viewed through a social constructionist lens, highlighting the many ways in which advocacy has influenced public perceptions of interpersonal violence as a social problem. Finally, this article considers some of the consequences that may result from exaggerated or misleading claims, especially when they are made by social scientists who are presumably engaged in an objective discussion of a problem. These consequences include generating skep... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212613 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212612&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F3013%3Frss%3D1 This article seeks to increase our knowledge of sexual orientation bias by answering the question: What are the differences between sexual orientation motivated bias crimes and racial bias crimes? This question is examined using data from the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and multiple regression techniques. This analysis draws on the strengths of NIBRS to look at the incident characteristics of hate crimes and distinguishing characteristics of sexual orientation crimes. Specifically this analysis looks at the types and seriousness of offenses motivated by sexual orientation bias as opposed to race bias as well as victim and offender characteristics. The findings suggest that there are differences between these two types of bias crimes, suggesting a need for further separ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212612 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212611&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F2991%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the factors related to use of formal and informal resources by these women. Formal resources included police, medical, legal, and shelter; informal were family or neighbors. Findings revealed that (a) the women studied used a variety of resources and that (b) income, violence-related injuries, and partner child abuse were related to whether they contacted police. Injury and partner child abuse were related to contacting a medical doctor/medical facility. Income, relationship status, and partner child abuse were related to approaching family or neighbors. The key finding was that partner child abuse increased the likelihood of battered Korean women seeking help from formal service resources and informal networks. This suggests the need for integrative services that link ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212611 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212610&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F2973%3Frss%3D1 This article tries to understand the association between domestic violence and pregnancy outcomes and other health consequences. The study was carried out in all the six zones of India that is, northern, southern, eastern, western, central, and northeast zones. The study design was conceived as an analytical cross sectional study with multicenter approach. Multistage sampling and then probability proportion to size (PPS) sampling were done. A total of 18 states were taken for the study with a total sample of 14,507 married women and 14,108 married men. Married men were considered from the neighboring villages to understand men’s perspective. To understand the situation, women were interviewed using semistructured questionnaire as well as qualitative data like FGD and case studies. Th... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212610 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212609&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F15%2F2947%3Frss%3D1 The purposes of this study were to (a) derive prevalence estimates for elder mistreatment (emotional, physical, sexual, neglectful, and financial mistreatment of older adults [age 60 +]) in a randomly selected sample of South Carolinians; (b) examine correlates (i.e., potential risk factors) of mistreatment; and (c) examine incident characteristics of mistreatment events. Random Digit Dialing (RDD) was used to derive a representative sample in terms of age and gender; computer-assisted telephone interviewing was used to standardize collection of demographic, correlate, and mistreatment data. Prevalence estimates and mistreatment correlates were obtained and subjected to logistic regression. A total of 902 participants provided data. Prevalence for mistreatment types (since age 60) were 12.... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212609 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5212609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112336&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2735%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the interrelationships among mattering to friends, self-esteem, spirituality, and perpetration of relational aggression in friendships among 457 college students. While the three self-belief variables were positively related to each other, only spirituality and mattering to friends discriminated between men and women. Women reported higher spirituality and mattering to friends, and men reported slightly higher self-esteem. Perpetration of relational aggression was negatively related to mattering to friends and self-esteem and was not related to spirituality. Findings are discussed in light of Erikson’s theory of adolescent development and Gilligan’s theory of interpersonal relationships. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112336 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112335&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2716%3Frss%3D1 Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the authors examined prospective associations of attitudes, norms, and control with sexual aggression (SA) perpetration 1 year later among male college students. Data were collected from 652 males via confidential, self-report surveys at the end of their 1st and 2nd years in college. Results indicated that attitudes conducive to SA and perceived norms supportive of SA were associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in SA 1 year later, and mediated the associations of some established risk factors for SA. The findings identify potentially changeable risk factors for perpetrating SA and can thus contribute to the foundation on which to build theoretical and empirically based prevention programs. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112335 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112334&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2698%3Frss%3D1 Group work with men who batter has traditionally consisted predominantly of psychoeducational programs that ignore concepts such as self-determination, goal setting, and positive engagement with men. More recently, this paradigm has begun to shift to include cognitive approaches and the utilization of strength-based strategies. The present sample included 42 men who were part of an ongoing batterer intervention program. Information for this study included assessment of each man’s strengths, their goals, and their perceptions of the changes they felt they had already made prior to attending group treatment. Through a grounded theory analysis, a model was developed that highlights the pretherapeutic change processes that men experience due to their being arrested, charged with a misdem... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112334 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112333&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2681%3Frss%3D1 The problem of domestic violence is widespread, with research indicating men and women both perpetrate a substantial amount of aggression. However, aggression perpetrated by women is a relatively understudied area compared to aggression perpetrated by men. Additionally, research is needed to determine the correlates of aggression perpetration among women, as this can inform more effective treatment programs. Thus, the current study sought to examine the association between trait anger and impulsivity and the perpetration of physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) and general aggression among women arrested for domestic violence (N = 80). Findings indicated that both trait anger and impulsivity were significantly associated with aggression perpetration and trait anger med... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112333 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112332&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2658%3Frss%3D1 Researchers have found an inverse relationship between immigrant status and violence perpetration. Most studies have examined Mexican immigrants, and few have assessed immigration factors other than nativity. Additionally, the majority have focused on the most serious forms of violence despite the fact that moderate violence is more common. Using data from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey, we generated prevalence estimates of peer violence perpetration across immigration related factors, examined whether risk factors for peer violence differed by these variables, and explored the contribution of risk factors to peer violence perpetration. Recent immigrants had a significantly lower prevalence of peer violence compared to each other generations/time in U.S. group. Known risk factors for violenc... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112332 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112331&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2635%3Frss%3D1 Discussion of the context of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in adolescent relationships suggests alternative approaches to prevention of intimate partner violence among adolescents. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112331 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112330&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2619%3Frss%3D1 The current study examined normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator between narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying using two Asian adolescent samples from Singapore and Malaysia. Narcissistic exploitativeness was significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying and normative beliefs about aggression and normative beliefs about aggression were significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying. Normative beliefs about aggression were a significant partial mediator in both samples; these beliefs about aggression served as one possible mechanism of action by which narcissistic exploitativeness could exert its influence on cyberbullying. Findings extended previous empirical research by showing that such beliefs can be the mechanism of action not only in offli... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112330 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112329&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2592%3Frss%3D1 This study explores the prevalence and correlates of past-year physical violence against women in slum and nonslum areas of urban Bangladesh. The authors use multivariate logistic regression to analyze data from the 2006 Urban Health Survey, a population-based survey of 9,122 currently married women aged between 15 and 49 who were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design. The prevalence of reported past-year physical spousal violence is 31%. Prevalence of past-year physical spousal violence is higher in slums (35%) than in nonslums (20%). Slapping/arm-twisting and pushing/shaking/ throwing something at the women are the most commonly reported acts of physical abuse. Multivariate analysis shows that the risk of physical spousal abuse is lower among older women, women with post&md... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112329 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112328&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2568%3Frss%3D1 This study examined risk of suicidal behavior among low-income, African American women (N = 369) in three types of male intimate relationships— intimate terrorism (IT) (i.e., physical violence used within a general pattern of coercive control), situational couple violence (SCV; i.e., episodic physical violence that is not part of a general pattern of coercive control), and nonviolent (NV; i.e., no physical violence). IT victims had more than double the odds of suicidal behavior compared to SCV victims and this association remained significant after controlling for physical violence severity, depression symptoms, and alcohol and drug abuse. Risk of suicidal behavior was not significantly different for SCV victims compared to women in NV relationships. Findings emphasize the need for r... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112328 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112327&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F13%2F2555%3Frss%3D1 Researchers have compiled significant evidence demonstrating that sexual harassment leads to psychological harm, including the full symptom picture of PTSD, but few have examined the psychological processes involved. Research on attributions among trauma victims would suggest that causal attributions and perceptions of control may be important predictors of outcomes. The authors discuss a study involving a path model that used data from 189 women involved in sexual harassment litigation. Results indicate that both self-blame and harasser blame were positively related to PTSD symptoms. Control over recovery and the perception that future harassment is unlikely were both related to fewer PTSD symptoms. Unexpectedly, perceived control over future harassment is related to higher levels of PTSD... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112327 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112326&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2929%3Frss%3D1 Women above the age of 60 who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) have specific needs compared with younger victims. More research is emerging that assists counselors and other helping professionals with identification of these needs and aids to promote the mental health and well-being of this population. Professionals must consider the generational values held by older IPV victims and understand how values may impact decision making. Integrating safety planning and risk assessment into the counseling process is vital. Older IPV victims may seek counseling for posttraumatic stress or depressive symptoms as a result of the abuse. Others may participate in counseling for issues unrelated to IPV. Therefore, a thorough assessment process should include questions related to relatio... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112326 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112325&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2908%3Frss%3D1 The present study examines the relative contributions of various theoretical constructs to violent victimization by operationalizing multiple measures of exposure to motivated offenders, guardianship, and target characteristics. Using a nationally representative sample of American adolescents, we conducted principal components factor analysis and logistic regression analysis to examine whether such measures do in fact represent empirically distinct constructs and if they are each correlated with violent victimization risk. Findings suggest that both nondelinquent and delinquent routine activities which expose adolescents to motivated offenders increase risk of victimization. In terms of guardianship, parental attachment appears to protect adolescents from victimization, although direct par... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112325 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112324&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2890%3Frss%3D1 In recent years, there has been increased research focus on dating violence, producing important information for reducing these violent relationships. Yet Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are often hesitant to approve research on dating violence, citing emotional distress of participants as a possible risk of participation. However, no known research has examined the reactions of research participants to questions about dating violence. The current study examined the reactions among college students to completing a self-report measure on dating violence. Results showed that participants reported numerous positive experiences as a result of their research participation, with only mildly increased negative emotional reactions evident for some. Findings are discussed in relation to IRB prop... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112324 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112323&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2866%3Frss%3D1 This study extends past research by considering if the tactics which perpetrators use to obtain sex are associated with these risk factors or with characteristics of the sexual assault. Audio computer-assisted self-interviews were completed with a community sample of young, single men. Few participants reported using physical force as a tactic to obtain sex, thus this article focuses on 457 participants who used verbal coercion ( n = 152) or the victim’s impairment (n = 39) to obtain sex or who were nonperpetrators (n = 266). Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 70% of participants. As hypothesized, analysis of covariance indicated that both groups of perpetrators scored higher than nonperpetrators on measures of negative attitudes toward women, positive attitudes abou... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112323 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112322&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2856%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to provide preliminary findings on the validity of Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP Inventory) on Turkish sample of 23 abuser and 47 nonabuser parents. To investigate validity in two groups, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Psychopathic Deviate (MMPI-PD) scale is also used along with CAP. The results show that, with the 200.5 cutoff point, which is the average score of the whole Turkish sample, Abuse Scale correctly classified 83% of the participants in the abuse group and 78.8% of the participants in the control group, which gives 21.2% false-positive result. MMPI-PD to all group and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis is found to be significant for both groups. These results show us high reliability and validity of the abuse scale for Turkey. (S... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112322 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112321&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2834%3Frss%3D1 In contrast to the abundance of research on women victims, this article sheds light on the discourse of men who are self-identified as victims of their female partners’ abuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most salient identity constructions and abuse conceptualizations among participants of group psychotherapy for men who have been abused in intimate, heterosexual partner relationships (i.e., Calgary Counselling Centre’s 14-week group program titled "A Turn for the Better"). The men’s identity work was examined using the methods and theoretical perspective of discourse analysis. Analysis of the talk demonstrated that the group agenda was to work through the ambiguity of abuse in the service of having the men identify themselves as victims. Thus, both t... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112321 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112320&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2811%3Frss%3D1 In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted statutes that allow police officers to make warrantless arrests for domestic violence given probable cause; however, state laws differ from one another in multiple, important ways. Research on domestic violence warrantless arrest laws rarely describe them as anything more than discretionary, preferred, or mandatory, either within their analyses or within the texts of their publications; researchers, and their audiences, may not be aware of the vast and potentially important differences among these laws. In this article, we list the domestic violence warrantless arrest laws for each state, and discuss them in terms of five common elements: the phrasing of the arrest authority; whether additional factors to domesti... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112320 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112319&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2790%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions: African couples with high rates of ATV concor- dance experience higher risks for IPV, with some variation in magnitude of risk across countries. In African settings, ATV positive concordance could serve as a supplemental screening tool to detect spousal violence. Understanding ATV could potentially enhance our ability to formulate public health intervention to detect and prevent spousal abuse. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112319 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112318&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2764%3Frss%3D1 This study seeks to analyze gender differences in risk for intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration according to childhood and adult risk factors in a national sample of South African men and women. Using data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative South Africa Stress and Health Study, the authors examine data from 1,715 currently married or cohabiting adults on reporting of intimate partner violence. Our analysis include (a) demographic factors, (b) early life risk factors (including exposure to childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, parental closeness, and early onset DSM-IV disorders), and (c) adult risk factors (including experiencing the death of a child and episodes of DSM-IV disorders after age 20). Although prevalence rates of intimate ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112318 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5112317&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F14%2F2747%3Frss%3D1 Men who batter, because of particular personality traits and sense of entitlement, may select partners whom they perceive will be dependent on them, meet their emotional needs, or be "objects" of physical attractiveness. During treatment intake, 181 offenders responded to the question, "What attracted you to her (your partner)?" We explored whether men who mentioned their own needs or her physical traits would engage in more frequent and severe violence and would have specific forms of personality disorder dimensions or personality traits. Six categories of attraction, including "her physical traits" and "his needs," were derived from the men’s responses. The results showed that men who focused on their partners’ physical attractiveness were more likely to be violent after trea... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5112317 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5112317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979054&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2517%3Frss%3D1 Recent studies support the validity of both structured risk assessment tools and victim perceptions as predictors of risk for repeat intimate partner violence (IPV). Combining structured risk assessments and victim risk assessments leads to better predictions of repeat violence than either alone, suggesting that the two forms of assessment provide unique and complementary information. However, very little is known about elements involved in women’s risk assessments. The present study explores predictors of women’s risk assessment and differences in factors linked to victim and actuarial risk assessments in a large sample of women (N = 728) shortly after the arrest of their male partner for IPV. In multivariate analyses, women’s risk assessments were strongly related to pa... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979054 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979053&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2499%3Frss%3D1 The association between trauma exposure and mental health-related challenges such as depression are well documented in the research literature. The assumptive world theory was used to explore this relationship in 97 female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Participants completed self-report questionnaires that assessed trauma history, world assumptions, and depression severity. Regression analyses revealed that diminished world assumptions mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and depression severity. As predicted, this relationship held for interpersonal forms of trauma, whereas noninterpersonal forms of trauma were related neither to diminished world assumption nor to depression severity. This suggests that our conceptual system of relating to the world, our core b... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979053 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979052&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2483%3Frss%3D1 This study explores community violence exposures among African American adolescents and whether coping strategies were gendered. In-depth interviews are conducted with a sample of 32 African American high school students. Data are analyzed using a thematic analysis. The primary forms of violence exposures are physical attacks, fighting, and incidents involving police, gun violence, and murders. Boys report more exposure to violence as victims and witnesses, whereas girls are more likely to hear about violent acts. Coping styles range from "getting through," which included both an acceptance of community conditions; "getting along," which included self-defense techniques; "getting away," which included avoidance coping strategies; and "getting back," which consisted of confrontational copin... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979052 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979051&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2457%3Frss%3D1 Two community-based group therapies, emotion focused versus goal oriented, are compared among women exposed to intimate partner violence (n = 46) and their children ( n = 48) aged between 6 and 12 years. A series of repeated measures analyses are employed to evaluate the effects of time from baseline to postintervention following random assignment. Main and treatment effects for women provide support for the relative effectiveness in increasing quality of social support in the emotion-focused intervention and in the reduction of both family conflict and alcohol use for the goal-oriented intervention. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979051 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979050&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2437%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions. Greater reporting in FTFI may be due to social desirability bias for the less sensitive questions and perceptions of therapeutic benefit for domestic violence. These results cast doubt on the appropriateness of using ACASI for measurement of sensitive behaviors in India. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979050 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979049&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2413%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the importance of gender in understanding the relationship between student’s participation in extracurricular routine activities (e.g., student government, clubs, sports, and etc.) and the risk of victimization. From the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, a sample of 10th-grade students was drawn for analyses. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Modeling was employed to explore the role of gender in the relationship between extracurricular routine activities and victimization at school. The results reveal that students’ gender indeed interacts with several of the extracurricular routine activities creating gender-specific risks of victimization. This article highlights the importance of gender in explaining victimization and suggests researchers should cons... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979049 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979048&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2392%3Frss%3D1 This study examines 101 sexual assault and domestic violence counselors’ recalled motivations for trauma work, their reported subjective personal changes, and their secondary and vicarious trauma symptoms and burnout. Counselors motivated by interpersonal trauma report both more symptoms and positive changes (including dealing with their own trauma). Those seeking personal meaning report becoming more hypervigilant and self-isolating. Those saying they learned from clients rate symptoms lower, suggesting stress inoculation. Supervisors of trauma counselors should facilitate learning from clients separately from processing the counselor’s trauma. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979048 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979047&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2372%3Frss%3D1 Police notifications of incidents of domestic violence to child protection services constitute an acknowledgement of the harm that domestic violence inflicts on children. However, these notifications represent a substantial demand on child welfare services and the outcomes for children and victims of domestic violence have been questioned. This paper presents findings from the first UK study to examine these notifications in depth and examines the interface between the police and child protection services in responding to domestic violence incidents. The research reports on police interventions in 251 incidents of domestic violence involving children; the communication of information to child protection services and the subsequent filtering and service response. Social workers found that n... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979047 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979046&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2353%3Frss%3D1 Data collected from 731 teachers were used to examine the consequences of violence directed toward teachers while in the workplace. Analyses showed that the majority of respondents (n = 585, 80.0%) had experienced school-related violence—broadly defined—at one point in their careers. Serious violence (actual, attempted, or threatened physical violence) was less common, but still common enough to be of concern (n = 202, 27.6%). Violence predicted physical and emotional effects, as well as teaching-related functioning. In addition, a model with fear as a potential mediator revealed that both fear and violence were independently predictive of these negative outcomes. Finally, analyses showed that, in general, women reported higher levels of physical symptoms compared to men. We di... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979046 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4979045&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F12%2F2335%3Frss%3D1 Contradictory data exist regarding optimal methods and instruments for intimate partner violence (IPV) screening in primary care settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal method and screening instrument for IPV among men and women in a primary-care resident clinic. We conducted a cross-sectional study at an urban, academic, internal medicine residency continuity clinic in Connecticut among English or Spanish speaking adult patients. One group of patients ( n = 340) received a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) containing the partner violence screen (PVS) and the Hurt, Insulted, Threatened or Screamed at Questionnaire (HITS). A second group (n = 126) was screened with PVS and HITS by their primary care providers during face-to-face (FTF) clinical encounters. Multiv... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4979045 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4979045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940508&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2321%3Frss%3D1 This study begins to address this issue by examining the relationship between elder mistreatment (i.e., a recent history of emotional and physical abuse) and negative emotional symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression) among 902 older adults aged 60 and above residing in South Carolina. Results demonstrate that emotional, but not physical, abuse is significantly correlated with higher levels of emotional symptoms. This relationship is sustained when controlling for established demographic and social/dependency risk factors. These data suggest that mistreated older adults also suffer from greater emotional symptoms and highlight the need for more research in this area. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940508 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940507&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2303%3Frss%3D1 This study examines victim, offender, and offence characteristics associated with sexual assaults by strangers of older women compared to those against younger women. Cases are obtained from the Serious Crime Analysis Section of the United Kingdom National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA; formerly Centrex). All possible cases of rape, attempted rape, and lesser sexual assault involving a single female victim aged 60 or older are selected (n = 53). These are matched with a sample of sexual assaults against women aged between 20 to 45 years ( n = 53). Research findings reveal significant differences in relation to a number of variables, including ethnicity of the offender, number of previous convictions of the offender, and characteristics associated with the assault itself. The results of... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940507 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940506&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2285%3Frss%3D1 The present study explored the influence of survivor weight and participant gender, rape myth acceptance, and antifat attitudes on perceptions of sexual assault. Using an online survey tool, a community sample of 413 adult Canadian residents reviewed a hypothetical sexual assault scenario and completed a series of evaluations and attitudinal questionnaires. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that participants were more likely to hold the survivor responsible, excuse the perpetrator’s actions, and respond more negatively toward the survivor and more positively toward the perpetrator when the survivor was depicted as thin versus overweight. Interactions were found between rape myth acceptance and survivor weight, gender and survivor weight, and gender and antifat attitudes, for... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940506 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940505&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2264%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to understand differences in patterns of supervisor support desired by female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) and to examine whether the pattern of support desired at work is reflective of a woman’s stage of change in the abusive relationship, IPV-related work interference, and IPV-related job reprimands or job loss. We conducted interviews in Spanish or English with adult women working in low-income jobs who had been physically or sexually abused by an intimate partner/ ex-partner in the past year ( N = 133). Cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters that form a hierarchy of type of support wanted: those who desired limited support; those who desired confidential, time-off, and emotional support; and those who desired support in wide ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940505 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940504&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2244%3Frss%3D1 This study is designed to address this gap in the literature. The results revealed nine categories of parental verbal abuses namely: (a) Put downs and shaming, (b) Rejection, (c) Blaming, (d) Fault Exaggerating, (e) Threat, (f) Invoking harm, (g) Regrets, (h) Unfair comparison, and (i) Negative prediction. Implications for research and practice were discussed. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940504 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940503&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2228%3Frss%3D1 With intimate partner violence (IPV) among same-sex couples largely ignored by policy makers and researchers alike, accurately estimating the size of the problem is important in determining whether this minimal response is justified. As such, the present study is a secondary data analysis of the National Violence Against Women Survey and represents the first multiple variable regression analysis of U.S. adult same-sex IPV prevalence using a nationally representative sample (N = 14,182). Logistic regressions indicate that, independent of sex, respondents with a history of same-sex relationships are more likely to experience verbal, controlling, physical, and sexual IPV. Behaviorally "bisexual" respondents experience the highest IPV rates and are most likely to be victimized by an opposite-s... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940503 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940502&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2211%3Frss%3D1 Recent research has begun to establish a relationship between childhood acts of animal cruelty and later violence against humans. However, few studies have focused on the influence of animal cruelty methods on later interpersonal violence. In a replication of a study by Hensley and Tallichet (2009) and based on a sample of 180 inmates at medium- and maximum-security prisons in a Southern state, the present study examines the relationship between several retrospectively identified animal cruelty methods (drowned, hit, shot, kicked, choked, burned, and sex) and interpersonal violence committed against humans. Four out of 5 inmates reported hitting animals. Over one third of the sample chose to shoot or kick animals, while 1 in 5 had sex with them. Less then one fifth of the sample drowned or... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940502 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940501&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2186%3Frss%3D1 The present study explores the associations between three types of peritraumatic reactions (dissociation, distress, and tonic immobility) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of 125 victims of interpersonal violence who had applied for compensation with the Dutch Victim Compensation Fund (DCVF). In addition, the confounding roles of malingering and fantasy proneness are examined. Results indicate that tonic immobility did not predict PTSD symptom levels when adjusting for other forms of peritraumatic reactions, whereas peritraumatic dissociation and distress did. However, after the effects of malingering and fantasy proneness had been controlled for, malingering is the only factor associated with increased PTSD symptomatology. Implications for policy practice as we... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940501 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940500&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2165%3Frss%3D1 Discussions about intimate partner violence (IPV) and healthy relationships emerge inductively as critical topics in these conversations. The authors use a grounded theory approach to content analysis to identify and organize themes related to discussions on these topics. A total of 125 participants from 52 families are recruited for the study. Family history of child sexual abuse often motivates discussions. Mothers are described as the primary parent discussing sexual issues with children. Fathers primarily role model ideal male partnership behavior for sons and daughters. Parents seek to prevent daughters from experiencing sexual abuse or emotional manipulation by partners and focus on instilling a sense of responsibility to and respect for romantic partners in sons. Parents prioritize ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940500 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940499&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F11%2F2143%3Frss%3D1 Interventions aimed at preventing the important problem of gun injuries could be improved with an understanding of whether there are unique factors that place individuals at an increased risk of gun victimization. Much remains to be known about the victims of gun violence. The purpose of this article is to assess whether there are individual-level variables uniquely related to the likelihood of experiencing a gun victimization in a sample of probationers, individuals already at a heightened risk for criminal victimization. Self-report data were collected from 235 felony probationers about, for instance, gun and nongun victimization, gang involvement, and drug sales. Results show different variables are related to nongun victimization and gun victimization. In the current sample, involvemen... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940499 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940518&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F2111%3Frss%3D1 This study uses data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to assess the extent to which adolescents’ easy access to firearms at home increases the risk of violent offending and violent victimization. Access to firearms was higher for males, Whites, and adolescents having two parents, especially fathers. Current access to firearms at home significantly increased the odds of both violent offending and violent victimization, even after controlling for prior access, prior offending, and prior victimization. This relationship persisted into early adulthood; access to firearms still significantly increased the odds of violent offending and violent victimization. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940518 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940517&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F2093%3Frss%3D1 The current study examines the utility of self-trauma theory for explaining the long-term impact of childhood psychological abuse on aggression. Specifically, the self-capacities of interpersonal relatedness, identity, and affect regulation are tested as mediators of the impact of psychological abuse on various types of aggression in adulthood. Hierarchical regression analyses are used to examine data collected from 268 university students who completed the Personality Assessment Inventory, Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale, and the Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities. Results show that self-capacities were predicted by maltreatment, particularly psychological abuse. Altered self-capacities fully mediate the impact of child maltreatment on various forms of aggression. Problems with i... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940517 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940516&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F2073%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence and risk factors of physical IPV among the general and poor populations in urban Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted by structured questionnaire interview. Participants included 905 ever-married women in Kathmandu aged 15 to 49 years. Of the 905 participants, 680 were randomly selected from general population and 225 were recruited from urban poor population, who lived in purposively selected two communities. The prevalence and association between ever experiencing physical IPV and sociodemographic variables were examined. Results showed that the prevalence of physical IPV was 33.8% among the urban poor population (n = 225) and 19.9% among the general population (n = 680; p < .01). Several factors were significantly asso... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940516 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940515&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F2042%3Frss%3D1 The Safe Start demonstration projects, funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) under the first phase of the Safe Start initiative, are primarily designed to influence change at the systems or macrolevels to reduce the incidence of and impact of exposure to violence for children aged birth to 6 years; direct services are also provided to young children and their families who were exposed to violence. The data presented in this article come from 10 communities that submitted data regarding the characteristics of young children exposed to violence to OJJDP. These data represent families who are typically not represented in the databases of state child protective services programs but instead have been identified by domestic violence advocates, early care an... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940515 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940514&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F2025%3Frss%3D1 Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a pressing public health concern around the globe. Few existing reports, however, indicate the alarming rate at which the problem is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study is designed to investigate the psychosocial consequences of sexual abuse among child survivors in Ethiopia who were abused mainly through early marriage, rape, and child prostitution. Data are collected from 318 such CSA survivors—and 318 matched, non—sexually abused, normal controls— using the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-Revised and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results reveal the CSA survivors to be significantly more symptomatic than the control group: They demonstrated a lower degree of social support, a lower degree ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940514 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940513&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F2004%3Frss%3D1 Intimate partner violence victimization has been associated with serious health problems among women, including many disorders that involve sleep disturbances. However, there has been only limited examination of sleep duration among women with victimization experiences. A total of 756 women with a domestic violence order (DVO) against a male intimate partner were interviewed about their health, mental health, substance use, and partner violence victimization. Face-to-face interviews were conducted from February 2001 to November 2003 for data collection in three rural and one urban county representing different jurisdictional settings. Because the current analyses focused on understanding intimate partner victimization in the past year and associations with sleep disturbance, 147 participan... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940513 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940512&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F1982%3Frss%3D1 This study examines men’s domestic aggression as a function of attachment insecurities, considering the mediating roles of the demand-withdraw communication pattern and relationship satisfaction. The sample included 55 Canadian men undergoing counseling for relationship difficulties including aggression. The men completed questionnaires assessing physical and psychological aggression, the two dimensions of attachment insecurity (anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy), the demand-withdraw communication pattern, relationship satisfaction, and social desirability (a control measure). As predicted, there was an association between attachment anxiety and aggression (both physical and psychological), which was mediated by the man demands/woman withdraws (MD/WW) pattern (as rep... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940512 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940511&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F1963%3Frss%3D1 The relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and early marriage is explored using the 2005-2006 India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3). The NFHS-3 collected data from a representative sample of women and men in India with a large enough sample size to have a representative sample at the state level. The focus is on youth from Bihar and Rajasthan, two states with high IPV and early marriage. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrate that women aged 20 to 24 who married before age eighteen, the legal age at marriage in India, are more likely to have ever experienced IPV in their lifetime and recently experienced IPV (in the last 12 months) than their counterparts who married later. The results were significant in Rajasthan but not in Bihar. To reduce IPV, target... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940511 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940510&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F1934%3Frss%3D1 The present longitudinal study examined relationships between self-blame attributions and social reactions to disclosure in a community sample of adult sexual assault victims ( N = 555). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that neither characterological self-blame nor behavioral self-blame related to negative social reactions over the 1-year follow-up period. In contrast, characterological but not behavioral self-blame predicted fewer positive reactions over time. Although positive reactions did not reduce self-blame, negative reactions led to greater characterological, but not behavioral, self-blame during the course of the study. Thus, relationships between self-blame and social reactions were not reciprocal but rather quite complex. The effects of victims’ coping strategies and sex... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940510 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4940509&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F10%2F1911%3Frss%3D1 The present study examines the effects of victim age, victim physical maturity, and respondent gender on attributions toward victims, perpetrator, and the nonoffending members of the victim’s family in a hypothetical child sexual abuse (CSA) case. Participants read a brief CSA vignette in which the male perpetrator (a school caretaker) sexually abuses a student in the school changing rooms. The victim was depicted as either a 12- or 15-year-old girl who, in terms of physical maturity, was either pre- or postpubescent. Separate 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVAs were performed on the dependent variables. Results conformed broadly to the study’s predictions with younger victims being viewed more negatively than older victims and the victim’s physical appearance being viewed as more encouragi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4940509 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4940509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799337&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1884%3Frss%3D1 The association between a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) and specific negative outcomes (attachment, feelings of power, and self-esteem) was explored as was the relationship between those negative outcomes and sexual victimization during the first semester of college. Two groups of freshman college women (67 who had experienced CSA and 55 who had not) completed measures of attachment, feelings of power, and self-esteem at the beginning of their freshman year of college. At the end of their first semester of college, participants (n = 93) provided information about whether they had been sexually assaulted during their first semester of college. The results indicated that participants in the CSA group did not differ on reported attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, feelings of power... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799337 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799336&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1868%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the efficacy, as experienced by offenders with their victim, of self-protection strategies used in child sexual abuse cases. It also investigates whether the efficacy of self-protection varies according to victim characteristics. The sample consists of 94 adult offenders who sexually abused a single child and who agreed to provide confidential self-report data on the efficacy of self-protection strategies used by their victim. Strategies taken into account are: (1) yelling or screaming, (2) fighting back, (3) saying no, (4) saying they didn’t want to, (5) crying, (6) telling someone else about the abuse, (7) saying they were scared, (8) demanding to be left alone, (9) saying they would tell someone, (10) saying that people are not supposed to touch their private p... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799336 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799335&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1851%3Frss%3D1 Population-specific data on factors that affect intimate partner violence (IPV) are needed on female adolescents and young adults, a cohort at greatest risk of IPV in the United States (Rennison, 2001). Studies have frequently overlooked the role of relationship communication as a gatekeeper to IPV (Ridley & Feldman, 2003). To address this gap, negative binomial regression was conducted with data from a 2004 survey of 618 women aged 15 to 24 seeking care at an urban reproductive health facility. Findings suggest that, within the previous year, verbal aggression by either partner was associated with physical violence by either or both partners, and verbal reasoning was negatively correlated with physical violence. Bidirectional and unidirectional IPV relationships may employ communicati... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799335 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799334&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1834%3Frss%3D1 The current study examined the moderating role of shame proneness on the association between physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence victimization and depressive and anxious symptoms among male and female college students (N = 967). Students completed self-report measures of dating violence, depression, anxiety, and shame proneness. Results showed that shame proneness moderated the association between all forms of victimization and mental health symptoms. A three-way interaction revealed that sexual victimization predicted symptoms of anxiety to a greater extent for men than for women at high levels of shame proneness. Furthermore, results showed that gender moderated the association between physical and psychological victimization and health outcomes, such that victi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799334 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799333&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1815%3Frss%3D1 Children aged 6 to 12 who were exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) within the last year participated in an intervention program found to be successful in reducing their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, little is known about factors that may contribute to this efficacy. Both fixed and modifiable risk factors that predicted change in children’s adjustment after the intervention were identified and tested. There was a significant relationship between the extent of exposure to IPV, gender, change in mothers’ mental health, and change in child adjustment. Among fixed factors, length of exposure to violence was found to moderate the relationship between the amount of the child’s and mother’s participation in the intervention and change in... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799333 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799332&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1798%3Frss%3D1 Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has several deleterious effects on health and well-being, including increased risk for rape in adulthood. Such revictimization experiences are linked to negative mental health outcomes. The vast majority of literature on prevalence and impact of sexual revictimization has focused on heterosexual women. In an effort to extend this research to lesbians and gay men, who are known to face higher rates of both CSA and adult rape, we conducted a study (N = 871) comparing adult lesbians, gay men, and heterosexual women on prevalence and mental health correlates of sexual revictimization. Results indicated that CSA is associated with elevated rates of adult rape for all three groups. In addition, revictimization showed comparable associations with mental health variabl... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799332 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799331&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1785%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special len... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799331 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799330&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1763%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the prevalence and impact of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on future intimate partner violence (IPV) in dating relationship in Hong Kong, China. A total of 1,154 Chinese adult respondents engaged in dating relationships were interviewed face-to-face about their CSA histories, childhood witnessing of parental violence, adult sexual victimization (ASV) by others and IPV victimization with their current dating partner. Self-reports also measured levels of suicidal ideation, self-esteem, and demographic details. Overall, 1.7% reported some form of CSA with a higher percentage being women. No gender differences were found in the prevalence of either ASV or IPV. Results showed that CSA had an independent effect on physical IPV and suicidal ideation. The odds of IPV were in... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799330 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799329&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1741%3Frss%3D1 Research into the impact of dealing with intimate partner violence has focused mainly on women who treated victims. The present article explores the interaction between male social workers and battering men. The sample included 15 male social workers who worked with battering men in social services. Data collection was performed through semistructured interviews. The main theme emerging from the interviews describes the reconstruction and renegotiation of the worker’s professional and personal self in light of his experiences with violent clients. Two major motifs describing their experience emerged: The first is self-doubt arising from adopting a broad definition of violence, thus creating increased sensitization to and inclusion of a wide range of behaviors under the term violence ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799329 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799328&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F9%2F1723%3Frss%3D1 This study employed multilevel modeling to evaluate individual and situational influences on men’s responses to hypothetical dating and social situations. Three hundred and fifty college men completed measures assessing their propensity for sexual aggression and provided written responses to 10 written vignettes, each of which was followed by four statements provided by women that varied in their degree of effectiveness in decreasing victimization risk. Rape-supportive attitudes, poor heterosocial perception, earlier age of first sexual experience, and number of lifetime sexual partners were significant predictors of sexually aggressive responses. The presence of alcohol use, social isolation, relationship intimacy, and less effective responses from the woman involved also were signi... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799328 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728051&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1694%3Frss%3D1 Approximately, 20% of divorcing couples in the United States require judicial intervention to reach a custody agreement. In such cases, courts often call on child custody evaluators to conduct comprehensive evaluations and recommend custody agreements and services that meet children’s best interests. Estimates suggest that allegations of domestic violence (DV) are raised and substantiated in about 75% of these cases. Custody evaluators are thus in a position to ensure that divorcing parents with DV receive effective services and enter into safe custody agreements. They are also in a position to minimize or deny the seriousness of DV and its relevance to custody decisions. The present study uses grounded theory methods to examine how custody evaluators’ theoretical perspectives ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728051 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728050&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1664%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study is to identify an ecological prediction model of bullying behaviors. Based on an ecological systems theory, this study identifies significant factors influencing bullying behaviors at different levels of middle and high school. These levels include the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. More specifically, the ecological factors investigated in this multilevel analysis are individual traits, family experiences, parental involvement, school climate, and community characteristics. Using data collected in 2008 from 485 randomly selected students in a school district, this study identifies a best-fitting structural model of bullying behavior. Findings suggest that the ecological model accounted for a high portion of variance in bullying behaviors. All of ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728050 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728049&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1646%3Frss%3D1 This study also seeks to redress a gap in the research literature stemming from the general reliance on batterers intervention programs to acquire samples of IPV perpetrators. A sample of 126 men receiving methadone maintenance treatment who reported perpetrating IPV against a female partner participated in this longitudinal study. A large majority (88%) of participants reported use of additional services beyond methadone treatment (e.g., medical, employment/ vocational, etc.). Using generalized linear modeling, we found that greater endorsement of traditional male ideologies significantly predicted lower subsequent service utilization overall, except for legal services, for which there was a significant positive association. These findings suggest targeted assessment and engagement strate... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728049 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728048&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1628%3Frss%3D1 This study used latent class analysis to examine the psychosocial consequences associated with different patterns of physical violence, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, and controlling behavior. Data from 676 women and 455 men who were interviewed for the 2004 Canadian General Social Survey on Victimization were analyzed. The results suggest that experiencing any pattern of violence is associated with a range of negative psychosocial outcomes for both women and men. However, they also show the increasingly negative impact and perceived dangerousness of IPV for those experiencing more severe and chronic patterns of violence and control. These findings were particularly pronounced for women as they experienced the most chronic pattern of abuse and control documented in the study. The ps... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728048 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728047&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1606%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this article is to use empirical research and theory to investigate the context that may provoke individuals to engage in acts of conflict and aggression. A random sample of the general public from a midsouthern state was surveyed to explore this inquiry. Respondents were asked to indicate their level of reaction to a number of situations that often lead people to engage in conflict and/or aggression with other people. Several sociodemographic factors served as control variables in the study. The findings of the Pearson product—moment correlations suggest that respondents were more likely to report that they would respond more aggressively as the situations presented to them were perceived as being more physically threatening to them and/or their loved ones. Also, gend... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728047 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728046&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1579%3Frss%3D1 Two experiments (N = 330) examined conditions that facilitate biasing effects of rape myth acceptance (RMA) on judgments of blame in rape cases. In both experiments, participants read a short vignette depicting a rape case. In Experiment 1, the amount of case-irrelevant information about defendant and plaintiff was varied. As predicted, high-RMA (vs. low-RMA) participants were less likely to blame the defendant the more irrelevant information they had read. In Experiment 2, participants in a social judgeability condition were made to believe that they had been subliminally exposed to additional case information although in fact no additional information had been presented. As predicted, compared to a control condition, participants’ blame judgments were more biased by their RMA under... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728046 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728045&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1559%3Frss%3D1 This study utilizes data from a quantitative dataset that includes responses by police officers who completed a specially mandated checklist after responding to a domestic dispute. The results showed that while females are arrested quite often in domestic disputes, there remains a significant difference in the arrest outcome whereby male suspects were more likely to be arrested than female suspects. Regression models further indicated differences based on sex and certain predictors of arrest, which supported sex-based rationales in arrests for domestic violence. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728045 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728044&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1541%3Frss%3D1 This article used the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) data to examine the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child behavior problems (externalizing and internalizing), truancy, grade repetition, smoking, drinking, and use of marijuana. Longitudinal data analysis was conducted on 1,816 primary caregivers and their children. Fixed-effects regression models were employed to address concerns with selection bias. IPV was associated with significantly greater internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, and truancy. Findings from age interaction models suggested that the relationship between IPV and child behavior problems may attenuate as the age of the child at time of exposure increases. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Viole... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728044 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728043&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1524%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to develop a psychometric measure of risk for sexual victimization from adolescent peers. Items were generated on the basis of the literature and on consultations with a multidisciplinary group of key informants. The items were administered to a sample of 327 female Grade-9 students and examined using exploratory factor analysis. The Adolescent Sexual Coercion Risk Scale items formed two lower-order factors composed of items regarding signaling sexual boundaries and displaying risk behaviors, respectively. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported the two factors, and preliminary psychometric analyses demonstrated that the factors have satisfactory internal consistency. In addition, low scores on the ability to signal sexual boundaries and high score... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728043 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728042&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F8%2F1503%3Frss%3D1 This study assesses whether severity of physical partner aggression is associated with alcohol consumption at the time of the incident, and whether the relationship between drinking and aggression severity is the same for men and women and across different countries. National or large regional general population surveys were conducted in 13 countries as part of the GENACIS collaboration. Respondents described the most physically aggressive act done to them by a partner in the past 2 years, rated the severity of aggression on a scale of 1 to 10, and reported whether either partner had been drinking when the incident occurred. Severity ratings were significantly higher for incidents in which one or both partners had been drinking compared to incidents in which neither partner had been drinki... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728042 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4728042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688810&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1282%3Frss%3D1 This study explores the relationship between IPV and employment stability both concurrently and longitudinally among a sample of 512 predominantly Asian American and Pacific Islander young women living in Hawaii. Women in this study were identified as being at risk of child maltreatment. About half of women indicated that their current relationship status was married or living together. More than two-thirds of women had graduated from high school and half had worked in the past year. The study explored the concurrent association of IPV and employment by assessing them simultaneously over a 12 month time period. The study examined the longitudinal impact of IPV by analyzing violence at two time points as predictors of unstable employment 6 to 8 years later. The study also explored the media... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688810 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688809&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1264%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates whether two specific types of childhood violence exposure (witnessing domestic violence and experiencing child abuse) are uniquely associated with PTSD while controlling for additional trauma experience. In a community sample of pregnant women, this study finds that childhood abuse only and combined exposure to abuse and witnessing abuse correlated to current and lifetime PTSD diagnoses, but witnessing alone did not. In addition, adult nonviolence trauma histories account for more variance in PTSD than did any early violence exposure type. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688809 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688808&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1232%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical and psychological dating violence perpetration and victimization among 1,399 college students in South Korea, with a specific focus on gender. Poisson regression models and tests of equivalent parameters were conducted to determine whether the observed relationships were invariant across gender. Findings indicated that childhood maltreatment is a consistent predictor of involvement in dating relationships characterized by violence for males and females. The implications of the current research within a cultural context are discussed. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688808 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688807&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1215%3Frss%3D1 There are discrepancies about whether children who witness and suffer domestic violence (DV) have similar outcomes in terms of psychopathology. This work examines the relationship between different types of exposure to DV and child psychopathology and functional impairment. One hundred and forty-four Spanish children aged from 4 to 17 years and exposed to DV were evaluated using a diagnostic interview and other instruments of psychopathology and functional impairment. The participants were classified in three groups according to the degree of exposure: witness (n = 72), involved (n = 52), and victim (n = 20). According to mothers’ self-reports and mother—child combined information, DV equally affects psychopathology and functional impairment regardless of the degree of the expo... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688807 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688806&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1194%3Frss%3D1 A psychological abuse scale representing truly egregious psychological actions that could occur between adult intimate partners was constructed. To insure that the component behaviors would be viewed as highly problematic, the likely malignant intent of the actions was included in item descriptions. Fourteen categories of psychological abuse were devised as relatively independent forms of destructive behaviors, and, within each category, 3 items were devised to represent increasingly severe psychological actions. A nationally representative sample of adults (N = 614) responding to an online survey rated the perceived severity of the 42 aversive behaviors. Reliability and validity indicators, along with descriptive data, are presented. The ratings of the sample basically established the ite... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688806 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688805&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1176%3Frss%3D1 Using data from the Baltimore Police Stress and Domestic Violence study, the authors examined how exposure to stressful events on the job affects law enforcement employees’ physical aggression toward domestic partners, evaluating the role of negative emotions and authoritarian spillover in mediating the impact of such task-related stress. The authors consulted general strain theory and angry aggression theory to explain domestic violence in police families. Significant positive effects on physical aggression toward an intimate partner were found for variables measuring authoritarian spillover and negative emotions. However, these effects were different for different gender and racial groups. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688805 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688804&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1157%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between unintended pregnancy and intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during pregnancy among Latinas. A cross-sectional interview measuring pregnancy intent, IPV, and acculturation, using the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA-II), was conducted among Latina women in their 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy at clinics in Los Angeles (n = 313). Overall, 44% of women reported an unintended pregnancy. The prevalence of physical (any) and emotional (only) abuse 12 months before pregnancy was 11% and 22%, respectively. Although both types of IPV decreased during pregnancy (10% and 19%, respectively), most reports of physical IPV during pregnancy (53%) were among women who did not report physical abuse before pre... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688804 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688803&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1129%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the types, frequency, and effectiveness of responses to unwanted pursuit (UP) and stalking after relationship termination. Participants included female and male college students who were either pursued by a former partner or who pursued an ex-partner. Factor analyses of targets’ responses to pursuit yielded four factors, similar to Cupach and Spitzberg’s (2004) proposed response types. Targets reported engaging in Avoidance/ Minimization and Support-Seeking responses more often than Approach or Assertion/Aggression, and Approach more often than Assertion/Aggression; pursuers reported that targets engaged in Common Responses more often than Assertion/Aggression responses. Generally, targets rated more assertive but less frequently used responses such as "... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688803 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688802&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1111%3Frss%3D1 Study aims were to examine the relations between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment (CM) and adult violent victimization (AVV) and to explore other significant covariates of the relations between CM and AVV. Data were collected from women (n = 477) who participated in two longitudinal studies in the Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project. Women with a history of CM were more than twice as likely to experience AVV as women with no history of CM. Those who experienced one or two forms of CM were significantly more likely to report any AVV compared to women with no CM. The relationship between CM and AVV remained significant after controlling for illicit drug use at baseline. Among low-income women, a history of CM exposure increased the risk of AVV. Having had any CM e... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688802 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688801&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F1095%3Frss%3D1 The authors addressed the associations between childhood and adolescence victimization and partner violence in adulthood. Data were collected on 480 men voluntarily attending therapy with a semistructured interview that assessed (a) violent behavior, categorized as physical violence, physical controlling behavior, property violence, psychologically controlling behavior, psychological degradation, indirect aggression, or sexual violence and (b) victim experiences during childhood or adolescence, categorized as physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or exposure to violence between family members. Prior victim experiences of family violence were reported by 60% of participants. Regression analyses showed that past victim experiences, especially physical abuse, was associated with ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688801 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688800&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1478%3Frss%3D1 This study provides preliminary findings on the association between pregnancy and partner violence. Our findings underscore the need to screen for violence among pregnant women in clinical health care settings as well as in communities. Perpetrator-related risk factors should be included in the assessment of risk for partner violence against pregnant women. For the prevention of intimate partner violence, family-based intervention is needed to work with victims as well as perpetrators. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688800 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688799&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1463%3Frss%3D1 This study uses data from a nationwide online survey (n = 289) to examine the relationship of these three risk factors to sexual aggression using person-oriented methods, specifically latent profile analysis (LPA). Four statistically significant risk profiles were identified: low risk, moderate impersonal sex, high hostile masculinity, and high on all risk. All groups with elevated risk factors reported increased levels of sexual aggression. Groups 3 and 4 reported the highest levels. Implications for intervention and research are discussed. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688799 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688798&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1446%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of the current study was to explore college women’s stay/ leave decisions in abusive relationships using a prospective methodology. Participants (N = 323) completed surveys at the beginning and end of a 10-week academic quarter for course credit. A path analysis suggested that the model—which included investment model variables (i.e., relationship commitment, investment, satisfaction, and quality of alternatives), childhood abuse, psychological distress, avoidance coping, and self-esteem—was a good fit to the data and predicted abused women’s leaving behaviors over the interim. The implications of these findings for future research, theory, and clinical work are discussed. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688798 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688797&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1432%3Frss%3D1 This article hypothesized that the possibility to construct intellectual meaning of a terrorist attack (i.e., whether participants can cognitively understand why the perpetrators did their crime) reduces the negative psychological consequences typically associated with increased terrorist threat. Concretely, the authors investigated the effect of intellectual meaning (induced by providing additional information about potential economic, cultural, and historical reasons for the terrorist attack) on perceived terrorist threat and associated emotional well-being. Study 1 revealed that pictures of terrorist attacks elicited less experienced terrorist threat when they were presented with background information about the terrorists’ motives (meaning provided) rather than without additional... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688797 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688796&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1401%3Frss%3D1 An integrative theoretical framework was tested as the basis for explaining beliefs about wife beating among Turkish nursing students. Based on a survey design, 406 nursing students (404 females) in all 4 years of undergraduate studies completed a self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed and collected from the participants during their attendance of core courses. The results revealed that between 8% and 27% of the students expressed some level of willingness to justify wife beating, between 8% and 11% showed a tendency to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 10% and about 29% indicated that battered women are responsible for their beating. However, more than 88% of the students expressed willingness to help battered women, more than 63% of t... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688796 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688795&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1388%3Frss%3D1 A total of 183 Canadian participants of different religious backgrounds completed the Belief Diversity Scale (BDS). The BDS is an 80-item, 6-subscale instrument designed to quantitatively measure the religious attitudes, beliefs, and ideologies of Middle-Eastern extremists’ on risk areas that are reported in the literature. The results demonstrated the reliability and validity of the BDS as well as indicated the prevalence of Middle-Eastern extremists’ ideologies among Muslim Canadians. Results were similar to those obtained from similar study completed on South African participants. These findings suggested that the BDS has the potential to be used as an objective tool to measure Middle-Eastern religious extremism. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688795 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688794&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1366%3Frss%3D1 In contrast to the extensive literature on women’s decisions to leave violent relationships, there is little research examining relationship continuity from the offending male’s perspective. Similarly, research exploring relationship satisfaction in men arrested for intimate partner violence (IPV) is lacking, despite the fact that dissatisfaction appears to increase risk for future IPV. The present study explored these issues using a large sample of men who were recently convicted of violence toward a female intimate partner (N = 1,130). More than half of the men (59%) reported that they were continuing or planning to continue their relationship. Factors associated with relationship continuity included older age, being married to the victim, having children together, attributin... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688794 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688793&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1343%3Frss%3D1 This article presents a qualitative analysis regarding the help-seeking behaviors of female dating-violence victims from a cultural perspective. A semistructured, in-depth interview was used to collect data from 10 female victims (aged 20-28). Findings indicate that Taiwanese dating-violence victims tend to seek informal help rather than formal help. Culturally structured help-seeking experiences center around six primary themes: (a) self-reliant culture, (b) personal and family shame, (c) secretive and sexual dating relationships, (d) fear of negative reactions from others, (e) unfamiliarity with available resources, and (f) revictimization in seeking help. Understanding cultural meanings and barriers encountered in help-seeking behaviors is an important step in effectively assisting vict... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688793 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688792&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1322%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the prevalence of co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect (CAN) in a cohort of Chinese parents drawn from a large representative sample in Hong Kong. It also investigates the risk factors for CAN with a special emphasis on the role of IPV. A subsample of 2,363 parents was invited to complete the Conflict Tactics Scale and a demographic questionnaire examining the risk factors for CAN. Results show that among the perpetrators of child maltreatment, 37% and 36%, respectively, admitted they had been perpetrators and victims of IPV over their lifetime. Physical and psychological violence between spouses were the characteristics most significantly associated with child maltreatment. This suggests that intervention for CAN should include a... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688792 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688791&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F7%2F1307%3Frss%3D1 In the present study, a structured risk assessment instrument for intimate partner violence, the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER), was coded for 146 files of spousal assault cases from the Dutch probation service, dating from 2004 and 2005. The aim of the study was twofold: (a) to validate Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart’s typology using the risk factors of the B-SAFER and (b) to examine the relationship between the subtypes found and recidivism rates. Four subtypes of assaulters were identified: family only, generally violent/antisocial, low-level antisocial, and psychopathology. These subtypes were comparable to the subtypes found in previous studies. The generally violent/antisocial subtype had the highest recidivism rate, although not significantly dif... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688791 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533926&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F833%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the authors examine the relationship between experience of Hurricane Katrina and reported relationship aggression and violence in a cohort of 123 postpartum women. Hurricane experience is measured using a series of questions about damage, injury, and danger during the storm; IPV was measured using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2). Multiple log-poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs), adjusted for potential confounders. Most participants report that they and their partners had explained themselves to each other, showed each other respect, and also insulted, swore, or shouted during conflicts with each other. A few participants report physical violence, sexual force, or destroying property, though in each case at least 5% endorse that it had happened at... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533926 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533925&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F807%3Frss%3D1 Rape affects one in seven women nationwide. Historically, most rape victims do not report rape to law enforcement. Research is needed to identify barriers to reporting and correlates of reporting to guide policy recommendations that address such barriers. We investigated the prevalence of reporting rape among a national sample of women (N = 3,001) interviewed in 2006. The study also examined predictors of reporting as well as barriers to reporting, concerns about reporting, and women’s experiences with the reporting process. Results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of reporting (15.8%) has not significantly increased since the 1990s. Differences were found between rape types, with rapes involving drug or alcohol incapacitation or facilitation being less likely to be reported ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533925 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533924&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F789%3Frss%3D1 This study compares a sample of PTSD-positive, female survivors of interpersonal assault (n = 162) to a sample of similarly traumatized male counterparts (n = 45) on a number of variables, including PTSD-symptom severity, depressive symptoms, anger, guilt, and health-related concerns. Results indicate that male and female interpersonal assault survivors presented similarly with respect to PTSD and depressive symptomatology and reported comparable levels of guilt and that women reported significantly more health-related complaints than men did. With respect to the experience of anger, men report significant elevations on the state anger subscale of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory compared to women. (Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence) Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533924 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533923&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F769%3Frss%3D1 The current study followed women who participated in a sexual assault risk reduction program and a wait-list control group for 4 months. Those women in both groups who reported being revictimized (N = 147) were assessed to determine the effect of program participation on psychological distress. Intervention group participants reported a significant reduction in both psychological distress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms at follow-up relative to wait-list control participants, even after controlling for frequency of revictimization. Significantly fewer intervention participants met criteria for PTSD from Time 1 to Time 2. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated frequency and severity of victimization and behavioral and characterological self-blame, and use of a... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533923 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533922&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F745%3Frss%3D1 The broad objective of this study was to understand the incidence and severity of aggression among sexually abused girls who were trafficked and who were then further used for commercial sexual exploitation (referred to subsequently as sexually abused trafficked girls). In addition, the impact of counseling for minimizing aggression in these girls was investigated. A group of 120 sexually abused trafficked Indian girls and a group of 120 nonsexually abused Indian girls, aged 13 to 18, participated in the study. The sexually abused trafficked girls were purposively selected from four shelters located in and around Kolkata, India. The nonsexually abused girls were selected randomly from four schools situated near the shelters, and these girls were matched by age with the sexually abused traf... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533922 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533921&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F719%3Frss%3D1 The present study investigated the factor structure and reliability of the revised Conflict Tactics Scales’ (CTS2) 10-factor model in a community-based female sample (N = 261). The underlying factor structure of the 10-factor model was tested by the confirmatory multiple group factor analysis, which demonstrated complex factor cross-loadings across the subscales for both perpetration and victimization. This confirmatory factor analysis also identified a lack of exclusive factor loadings between minor and severe distinctions of the eight violence measures. Internal consistency of the subscales was generally acceptable (.68-.85 for perpetration and .68-.84 for victimization), except for the Sexual Coercion subscale; the alpha coefficients of the Sexual Coercion Minor subscale were .18 ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533921 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533920&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F701%3Frss%3D1 Teen dating violence is a serious public health concern with numerous and long-lasting consequences. Although alcohol and drug use have been associated with dating violence, little is known about the role of specific substances, especially the use of club drugs and the nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Thus, the authors examined the association between dating violence victimization and the use of a variety of licit and illicit substances among 1,565 ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged high school students in southeast Texas. Past year dating violence victimization was reported by 14.1% of boys and 11.3% of girls. Compared to their nonabused counterparts, youth who experienced dating violence were more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, binge drink alcohol, sniff g... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533920 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533919&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F683%3Frss%3D1 There has been relatively little research on the degree to which measures of lifetime history of substance abuse add to the prediction of risk based on actuarial measures alone among sexual offenders. This issue is of relevance in that a history of substance abuse is related to relapse to substance using behavior. Furthermore, substance use has been found to be related to recidivism among sexual offenders. To investigate whether lifetime history of substance abuse adds to prediction over and above actuarial instruments alone, several measures of substance abuse were administered in conjunction with the Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG). The SORAG was found to be the most accurate actuarial instrument for the prediction of serious recidivism (i.e., sexual or violent) among the sampl... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533919 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533918&cid=s_32767_33_f&fid=32767&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjiv.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F664%3Frss%3D1 As the empirical evidence accumulates, so does confidence that carefully designed and delivered rehabilitation approaches can reduce risk. Yet little is known about how to rehabilitate some specialized groups, such as high-risk violent offenders: career criminals with an extensive history of violent behavior. Since 1998, New Zealand’s Rimutaka Violence Prevention Unit (RPVU) has provided intensive cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation to violent men. In this evaluation, 112 medium- and high-risk prisoners who entered the program after 1998 are case matched to 112 untreated men. Reconviction outcome data over an average of 3.5 years postrelease show that 10% to 12% fewer program completers were reconvicted for violence compared to their untreated controls. High-risk completers also are ... Journal of Interpersonal Violence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533918 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533918