MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology' source. Thu, 11 Mar 2010 17:50:41 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347215&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208424%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tuan Zainazor C, Hidayah MS, Chai LC, Tunung R, Ghazali FM, Son R Recently, many cases related to viral gastroenteritis outbreaks have been reported all over the world. Noroviruses are found to be leading as the major cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Patients with the acute gastroenteritis normally found to be positive with norovirus when stools and vomit were analyzed. This paper reviews various activities and previous reports that describe norovirus contaminated in various food matrixes and relationship between food handlers. Lately, a numbers of norovirus outbreaks have been reported which are involved fresh produce (such as vegetables, fruits), shellfish and prepared food. Food produces by infected food handlers may therefore easily contaminated. In addition, f... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347215 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347214&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ji KX, Chi F, Yang MF, Shen SH, Jing YX, Dazzo FB, Cheng HP Rhizobia are well-known for their ability to infect and nodulate legume roots, forming a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of agricultural importance. In addition, recent studies have shown that rhizobia can colonize roots and aerial plant tissues of rice as a model plant of the Graminaceae family. Here we show that rhizobia can invade tobacco, a model plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. Inoculation of seedling roots with five GFP-tagged rhizobial species followed by microscopy and viable plating analyses indicated their colonization of the surface and interior of the whole vegetative plant. Blockage of ascending epiphytic migration by coating the hypocotyls with Vaseline showed that the endophytic rhizobia can exit the... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347214 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347213&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208426%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeong JY, Park HD, Lee KH, Hwang JH, Ka JO The base sequences representing human and cow-specific 16S rRNA gene markers identified in the T-RFLP analysis were recovered from clone libraries. The human and cow-specific primers were designed from these sequences and their specificities were analyzed with fecal DNAs from human, cow, and pig. AllBac primer set showed positive results for all human, cow, and pig samples, while human-specific primer set showed positive result only for human sample but not for cow or pig samples. Likewise, cow-specific primer set showed positive results only for cow sample but not for human or pig samples. Real-time PCR assay with these primers was developed for the identification and quantification of fecal pollution in the river water. The human an... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347213 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347212&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo P, Zhu W, Wang H, Lü Y, Wang X, Zheng D, Cui Z To obtain an efficient natural lignocellulolytic complex enzyme, we screened an efficient lignocellulose degrading composite microbial system (XDC-2) from composted agricultural and animal wastes amended soil following a long-term directed acclimation. The XDC-2 could not only degrade natural lignocelluloses, but could also secret extracellular xylanase efficiently in liquid culture under static conditions at room temperature. The XDC-2 degraded rice straw by 60.3% after fermentation for 15 days. Hemicelluloses were decomposed effectively, while the extracellular xylanase activity was dominant with an activity of 8.357 U ml-1 on day 6 of the fermentation period. The extracellular crude enzyme noticeably hydrolyzed natural... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347212 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347211&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wei XM, Qin YQ, Qu YB Two major endoglucanase genes (cel7B and cel5A) were cloned from Penicillium decumbens 114-2 using the method of modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR). The result of Southern blotting suggested that P. decumbens has a single copy of the cel5A gene and a single copy of cel7B gene in its chromosomal DNA. The expression level of cel5A and cel7B were determined by means of real-time quantitative PCR, suggesting that two genes were coordinately expressed and repressed by glucose and induced by cellulose. Both endoglucanase genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the recombinant proteins were purified. The recombinant Cel7B and Cel5A were both optimal active at 60 masculineC and pH 4.0. The recombinant Cel7B sh... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347211 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347210&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208429%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cao X, Wang Q, Liu Q, Liu H, He H, Zhang Y Vibrio alginolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is one of the causative agents of fish vibriosis. Its virulence factors and pathogenesis mechanism are barely known except for some extracellular products (ECPs), which are implicated to be regulated by quorum sensing system. In the present study, microarray was used to analyze the transcription profiles of V. alginolyticus wild-type and a deletion mutant of luxO, the pivotal regulator in Vibrio quorum sensing systems, and a putative virulence factor MviN was identified. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR confirmed that the transcription of mviN was up-regulated in the luxO mutant compared to wild-type and down-regulated in the luxO-con complemented strain. Furtherm... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347210 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347209&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208430%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu W, Zhang W, Bai Y, Fu Y, Chen J, Geng X, Wang Y, Xiao M A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain was isolated and showed antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and found to possess a gene responsible for production of antibiotic 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol. For the extension of biocontrol range, a gene for an Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin 1 (AaHIT1), one of the most toxic known insect-selective peptides, was designed and synthesized according to the preferred codon usage of Pseudomonas fluorescens, cloned and transformed into the strain by pSUP106 vector, a broad-host-range plasmid. Bioassays indicated that the engineered strain was able to produce AaHIT1 with insecticidal activity, in the same time retained the activity against plant pathogen. The experime... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347209 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347208&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi JJ, Jang M, Kim J, Park H Reliable discrimination of single nucleotide mismatch was demonstrated using arrays with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes. Newly developed PNA probes immobilization method and hybridization conditions for PNA arrays gave excellent specificity and sensitivity. And we compared the specificity, sensitivity, and stability obtained with the PNA and DNA arrays in discriminating single nucleotide mismatches. PNA arrays had superior perfect match-to-mismatch signal ratios and sensitivities. The relative signal intensities of mismatch PNA probes ranged from 1.6% to 12.1% of the perfect match PNA probes. These results demonstrated that the PNA arrays were 2.0 to 37.3 times more specific and about 10 times more sensitive than DNA arrays. A PNA a... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347208 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347207&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208432%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Tyr10 was found to be a critical residue for the stability of the [Fe4S4] cluster according to site-directed mutagenesis results. Tyr10, Phe26 and Phe48 were essential for the stability of the [Fe4S4] cluster under acidic condition. Trp44 were not involved in the stability of the [Fe4S4] cluster. Molecular structure modeling for the mutant Tyr10 proteins revealed that the aromatic group of Tyr10 may form a hydrophobic barrier to protect the [Fe4S4] cluster from solvent. PMID: 20208432 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347207 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347206&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208433%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang X, Luo C, Liu Y, Nie Y, Liu Y, Zhang R, Chen Z Bacillus subtilis strains produce a broad spectrum of bioactive peptides. The lipopeptide surfactin belongs to one wellknown class, which includes amphiphilic membrane-active biosurfactants and peptide antibiotics. Both the srfA promoter and the ComP-ComA signal transduction system are an important part of the factor that results in the production of surfactin. Bs-M49, obtained by means of low-energy ion implantation in wild-type Bs-916, produced significantly lower levels of surfactin, and had no obvious effects against R. solani. Occasionally, we found strain Bs- M49 decreased spore formation and the development of competence. Blast comparison of the sequences from Bs- 916 and M49 indicate that there is no difference in the... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347206 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347205&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208434%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fernandes J, Tavaria F, Fonseca SC, Ramos OS, Pintado ME, Malcata F Antimicrobial finishing of textiles has been found to be an economical way to prevent (or treat) skin disorders. Hence, this research effort was aimed at elucidating the relationship between molecular weight (MW) of chitosan and its antimicrobial activity upon six dermal reference microorganisms, as well as the influence of the interactions with cotton fabrics on said activity. Using 3 chitosans with different MW, as well as two chitooligosaccharide (COS) mixtures, a relevant antimicrobial effect was observed by 24 h for the six microorganisms tested; it was apparent that the antimicrobial effect is strongly dependent on the type of target microorganism and on the MW of chitosan being higher for lower MW in th... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347205 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347204&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208435%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saetae D, Suntornsuk W Phorbol ester extraction was carried out from Jatropha curcas seed cake, a by-product from the bio-diesel fuel industry. Four repeated extractions from 5 g J. curcas seed cake using 15 ml of 90% (v/v) ethanol and a shaking speed of 150 rev/min gave the highest yield of phosbol esters. The ethanolic extract of J. curcas seed cake showed antifungal activities against important phytofungal pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum, Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes. The extract contained phorbol esters mainly responsible for antifungal activities. The extract could therefore be used as an antifungal agent for agricultural applications. PMID: 20208435 [Pu... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347204 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347203&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208436%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park HJ, Uhm KN, Kim HK Rhodococcus erythropolis amidase was expressed in Escherichia coli cells. The crude amidase in the cell-free extract was immobilized using the cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) method. The crude amidase was mixed with bovine serum albumin and then precipitated with ammonium sulfate. The resultant precipitant was subsequently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that this co-CLEA had a ball-like shape of a diameter of approximately 1 micronm. This co-CLEA evidenced hydrolytic activity toward a variety of amide substrates. The amidase co-CLEA evidenced an optimum temperature of 60 degrees and an optimum pH of 8.0, results that were similar to those of the soluble amidase. The reaction stability of the co-CLEA was incr... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347203 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347202&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208437%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adham NZ, Ahmed HM, Naim N The lipase from Mucor racemosus NRRL 3631was partially purified by fractional precipitation using 60% ammonium sulfate, which resulted in a 8.33-fold purification. The partially purified lipase was then immobilized using different immobilization techniques: physical adsorption, ionic binding, and entrapment. Entrapment in a 4% agar proved to be the most suitable technique (82% yield), as the immobilized lipase was more stable at acidic and alkaline pHs than the free enzyme, plus 100% of the original activity was retained owing to the thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme after heat treatment for 60 min at 45 degrees . The calculated half-lives (472.5, 433.12, and 268.5min at 50, 55, and 60oC, respectively) and the activation energy (... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347202 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347201&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208438%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu ZC, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG, Shen YC The culture variables were optimized to increase 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) production by Gluconobacter oxydans ZJB09112 in shake flask and bubble column bioreactor. After fermentation in the optimized medium (g/L: yeast extract 5, glycerol 2.5, mannitol 22.5, K2HPO4 0.5, KH2PO4 0.5, MgSO4•7H2O 0.1, CaCO3 2.0, pH 5.0), when five times of glycerol feeding were made, 161.9 +/- 5.9 g/l of DHA was attained at 88.7 +/- 3.2% conversion rate of glycerol to DHA. PMID: 20208438 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347201 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347200&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seo MJ, Kim SO Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) productions from Rhizobium radiobacter T6102 were monitored under various oxygen supply conditions by controlling the agitation speeds, aeration rates, and dissolved oxygen levels. As the results, the CoQ10 production was enhanced by limited oxygen supply. To investigate whether the CoQ10 production is associated with its physiological functions of electron carrier and antioxidant, the effects of sodium azide and hydrogen peroxide on the CoQ10 production were studied, showing that the CoQ10 contents were slightly enhanced with increasing sodium azide (up to 0.4 mM) and hydrogen peroxide (up to 10 micronM) concentrations. These results suggest the plausible mechanism where the limited electron transfer stimulating the environments of limited ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347200 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347199&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208440%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hong I, Kim YS, Choi SG Among human antimicrobial peptides (hAMPs), DCD-1L has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity over a wide pH range and in high salt concentrations. It offers a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. The 458-bp-long dermcidin cDNA was amplified by PCR using a human fetal cDNA library as a template. The 147-bp fragment of the MDCD-1L gene encoding an additional methionine residue was subcloned into the pTYB11 vector. Recombinant MDCD-1L was expressed as an intein fusion protein in E. coli, and then purified by affinity chromatography using chitin beads. A small peptide with a molecular mass of about 5 kDa was detected by tricine gel electrophoresis. The recombinant MDCD-1L peptide was purified from the gel and its amino acid sequence was d... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347199 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347198&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208441%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the effect of the genes involved in the synthesis of ceramide, lcb1, lcb2, tsc10, lac1, lag1, and sur2 on ceramide production levels. The genes were cloned into pYES2 high copy number vectors. S. cerevisiae was cultivated on YPDG medium at 30degrees C. Ceramide was purified from the cell extracts by solvent extraction and the ceramide content was analyzed by HPLC using ELSD. The maximum production of ceramide (9.8 mg ceramide/g cell) was obtained when the tsc10 gene was amplified by the pYES2 vector. Real time PCR analysis showed that the increase in ceramide content was proportional to the increase in the tsc10 gene expression level, which was 4.56 times higher than that of the control strain. PMID: 20208441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: J... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347198 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347197&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208442%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different sanitizers and contact times on storage quality and microbial growth in fresh-cut broccoli. Fresh broccoli samples were cut into small pieces, washed each for 90 seconds and 180 seconds in normal tap water (TW), 100 L•L-1 chlorinated water (CL, pH 7), electrolyzed water (EW, pH 7.2) containing 100 L•L-1 free chlorine or 2 L•L-1 ozonated water (O3) separately and respectively. Then, samples were packaged in 30 µm polyethylene bags and stored at 5C for 9 days. No significant differences were observed in gas composition and color parameters (L*, a*, b* and hue angle) among different sanitizers with contact times. No off-odor was detected durin... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347197 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347196&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee AR, Kim GM, Kwon GH, Lee KW, Park JY, Chun J, Cha J, Song YS, Kim JH A gene, encoding the major secreted fibrinolytic protein of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CH86-1, was cloned from the genomic DNA. DNA sequencing showed that the gene, aprE86-1, could direct the synthesis of a mature protein of 275 amino acids long after processing. When aprE86-1 was introduced into B. subtilis, 27 kDa mature protein was produced as expected. The fibrinolytic activity of B. subtilis transformant (TF) was higher than that of B. amyloliquefaciens CH86-1, showing the possibility of increasing fibrinolytic activities of Bacillus strains through genetic engineering. PMID: 20208443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347196 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347195&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kajikawa A, Ichikawa E, Igimi S The available techniques for heterologous protein secretion in Lactobacillus strains are limited. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient protein-secretion system using recombinant lactobacilli for various applications such as live delivery of biotherapeutics. For the construction of expression vectors, the Lactobacillus brevis slpA promoter, Lactobacillus casei prtP signal sequence, and mouse IL-10 sequences were used as a model system. Interestingly, the slpA promoter exhibited strong activity in L. casei contrary to previous observations. In order to stabilize replication of the plasmid in E. coli, a removable terminator sequence was built into the promoter region. For the improvement of secretion efficiency, a DTNSD oligopep... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347195 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347194&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208445%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li YN, Shi GY, Wang W, Wang ZX A newly isolated active producer of raw starch digesting amyloltic enzymes, Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis CICIM-CU F0088 was screened and identified by morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. This fungus was isolated from the soil of Chinese glue pudding mill, and produced high levels of amylolytic activity under solid state fermentation with supplementation of starch and wheat bran. Results of thin layer chromatography showed there are two kinds of amyloltic enzymes formed by this strain, including one alpha-amylase and two glucoamylases. It was found that the two glucoamylases can digest raw corn starch in the electron microscope experiments, and has an optimal temperature of 70 degrees . These results signified... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347194 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347193&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208446%26dopt%3DAbstract This study will be the first biosafety assessment of V. parahaemolyticus in raw vegetables in Malaysia. PMID: 20208446 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347193 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347192&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tang Y, Wang Y, Ji S, Zhang K, Dai J, Zhang L, Peng F, Fang C A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding, aerobic bacterium, designated 12157T, was isolated from the desert of Xinjiang, China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain 12157T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 degrees . MK-7 was the predominant respiratory menaquinone. The DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was mostly related to the members of the genus Pedobacter, with similarities ranging from 90.0 % to 93.7 %. Phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis support the establishment of a novel species, Pedobacter xinjiangensis sp. nov., with strain 12157T (=CCTCC AB 20809... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347192 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347191&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208448%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, Hsp30 is necessary during lethal heat stress, for the maintenance of Pma1p and a set of thermal stress response functions. PMID: 20208448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347191 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347190&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo X, Wang Z, Dai J, Zhang L, Fang C A bacterial strain, 13-25T with xylanolytic activity isolated from a single present soil sample, was characterized with respect to its phenetic and phylogenetic characteristics. The cells of the isolate are gram staining variable rods. The predominant fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone (MK-7), with a polar lipid profile with unknown aminophospholipids. The G+C content is 54.3 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates that this organism belongs to the genus Cohnella, with Cohnella panacarvi as the closest phylogenetic neighbor. Low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<97.0%) with respect to other taxa with published names and the identification... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347190 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347189&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim JC, Yoon JW, Kim JB, Oh KH, Park MS, Lee BK, Cho SH The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the global regulatory mechanism known as quorum sensing and expression of virulence factors in Escherichia coli O157:H7. A non-polar luxS deletion was introduced into the chromosome of strain CI03J, a human clinical isolate from South Korea, to create the deltaluxS mutant strain ML03J. Phenotypic characterization of wild-type and mutant strains demonstrated that ML03J had no obvious growth or metabolic defects on 0.2% glucose LB medium, produced a functionally-defective flagellum, and could not utilize sorbose; the biological significance of sorbose utilization is unknown. Omics-based analysis revealed the involvement of LuxS in the transcriptional acti... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347189 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347188&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Youn JH, Hwang SY, Kim SH, Koo HC, Shin S, Lim SK, Park YH Staphylococcus intermedius is a common cause of otitis externa, pyoderma and wound infections in companion animals. Although S. intermedius infections are rare in humans, it is zoonotic, with several case reports describing fatal human infections. Presently, we sought to isolate S. intermedius strains from various sources at animal hospitals nationwide in Korea, examine their antibiotic susceptibilities, and determine the possibility of horizontal transmission between animals and humans. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare the mecA gene in S. intermedius strains from humans, animals and the environment in animal hospitals. A total of 119 S. intermedius strains were isolated from 529 samples. Usi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347188 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347187&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208452%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, based on these results, we suggest that MCS-C2 may be a potent cancer chemotherapeutic candidate for use in treating human lung cancer cells via up-regulation and activation of p53. PMID: 20208452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347187 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347186&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20208453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yoon HS, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Shin HD, Yang KJ, Lee HS, Kwon YS, Ku SK The immunomodulatory effects of exopolymers of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 containing beta-1,3/1,6-glucan were evaluated on the cyclophosphamide (CPA)-treated mice. To induce immunosuppress, 150 and 110mg/kg of CPA were intraperitoneally injected at 1 and 3 days before start of test material administrations, respectively. Exopolymers were subcutaneously or orally administered in a volume of 10ml/kg, 4 times; 12-hr intervals from 24hrs after second treatment of CPA. After treatment of exopolymers, the changes of thymus and spleen weights, splenic amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-10, thymic and splenic CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and TNF-alpha+ cells were monitored in C... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347186 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248931&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lim JY, Yoon J, Hovde CJ Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major food-borne pathogen causing severe disease in humans worldwide. Healthy cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and bovine food products and fresh produce contaminated with bovine waste are the most common sources for disease outbreaks in the United States. E. coli O157:H7 also survives well in the environment. The ability to cause human disease, colonize the bovine gastrointestinal tract, and survive in the environment, requires that E. coli O157:H7 adapt to a wide variety of conditions. Three major virulence factors of E. coli O157:H7 have been identified including Shiga toxins, a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement, and an F-like plasmid, pO157. Among these virulence ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248931 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248930&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134228%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu QM, Ten LN, Im WT, Lee ST, Yoon MH A Gram negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming, straight or curved rod-shaped bacterium, designated Gsoil 317T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea) and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were dimorphic, with stalk (or prostheca) and nonmotile or nonstalked and motile, by means of a single polar flagellum. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Gsoil 317T was most closely related to Caulobacter mirabilis LMG 24261T (97.2%), Caulobacter fusiformis ATCC 15257T (97.1%), Caulobacter segnis LMG 17158T (97.0%), Caulobacter vibrioides DSM 9893T (96.8%), and Caulobacter henricii ATCC 15253T (96.7%). The sequence similarities to any other recognized species within A... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248930 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248929&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silva CC, Viero AF, Dias AC, Andreote FD, Jesus EC, De Paula SO, Torres AP, Santiago VM, Oliveira VM The phenolic compounds are a major contaminant class often found in industrial wastewaters and the biological treatment is an alternative tool commonly employed for their removal. In this sense, monitoring microbial community dynamics is crucial for a successful wastewater treatment. This work aimed to monitor the structure and activity of the bacterial community during the operation of a laboratory-scale continuous submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), using PCR and RT-PCR followed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA libraries. Multivariate analyses carried out using DGGE profiles showed significant changes in the total and metabolically active domin... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248929 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248928&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134230%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Katna A, Boratynski R, Furmanek-Blaszk B, Zolcinska N, Sektas M The contribution of a type II restriction-modification system (R-M system) to genome integrity and cell viability was investigated. We established experimental conditions which enabled the achievement of hemimethylated and unmethylated states for the specific bases of the recognition sequences of the host's DNA. To achieve this, we constructed the MboII R-M system containing only one (i.e. M2.MboII) out of two functional MboII methyltransferases found in Moraxella bovis. Using the incomplete R-M system we were able to perturb the balance between methylation and restriction in an inducible manner. We demonstrate that upon the SOS-induced DNA repair in the mitomycin C treated cells, restriction significantly reduces... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248928 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248927&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134231%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen L, Lin J, Li B, Lin J, Liu X Acidithiobacillus caldus is an acidophilic, chemoautotrophic bacterium, plays important role in bioleaching. Gene transformation into A. caldus is difficult and only the conjugation method was reported successful, which method was relatively sophisticated. In this research, electrotransformation of A. caldus species was achieved for the first time using A. caldus Y-3 and plasmid pJRD215. Transformants were confirmed by colony PCR specific to the str gene on pJRD215, and the recovery of the plasmid from the presumptive transformants. Optimizations were made and the transformation efficiency was increased from 0.8 to 3.6 x104 transfomants/microng plasmid DNA. The developed electrotransformation method was convenient in introducing foreign genes ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248927 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248926&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134232%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu H, Yan X, Shen W, Shen Y, Zhang J, Li S We have developed an efficient and precise method for genome manipulations in Bacillus subtilis that allows rapid alteration of gene sequence or multiple gene sequences without altering the chromosome in any other way. In our approach, the Escherichia coli toxin gene mazF, which was used as a counter-selectable marker, was placed under the control of a xylose-inducible expression system and associated with an antibiotic-resistance gene to create a mazF-cassette'. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated fragment, consisting of two homology regions joined to the mazF-cassette, was integrated into the chromosome at the target locus by homologous recombination, using positive selection for antibiotic resistance. Then, the excision of ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248926 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248925&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134233%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miao WG, Song CF, Wang Y, Wang JS A novel harpin-like protein, HpaXm, was described from cotton leaf blight bacteriaXanthomonas. citri subsp. malvacearum. The hpaXm was found to be localized between hrp2 and hrcC. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete amino acid sequence or solely the 13 highly conserved residues H2N-SEKQLDQLLTQLI-COOH in the N-terminal alpha-helix indicates that HpaXm is evolutionarily closer to HpaGXag and HpaXac than to Hpa1Xoo and Hpa1Xoc. A synthesized peptide containing two heptads, 39-LDQLLTQ-LIMALLQ-52, from the N-terminal alpha-helical region of HpaXm displayed a comparable activity in inducing HR, but other two synthesized derivatives, HpaXm∆T44C and HpaXm∆M48Q showed a reduced activity of HR. The data from a GST trap test revea... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248925 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248924&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134234%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we compared the codon usage bias between the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses and other viruses such as H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes to investigate the genomic patterns of novel influenza A (H1N1). Totally 1,675 nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A virus including H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes occurred from 2004 to 2009 were used. As a result, we found that the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses showed the most close correlations with the swine-origin H1N1 subtypes than other H1N1 viruses in the result from not only the analysis of nucleotide compositions, but also the phylogenetic analysis. Although the genetic sequences of novel H1N1 subtypes were not exactly same as the other H1N1 subtypes, the HA and NA genes of novel H1N1s showed very ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248924 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248923&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu AL, Xia JL, Liu KK, Li L, Yang Y, Nie ZY, Qiu GZ The time, yield and related genes expression of PHB accumulation of Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1 were investigated under four different initial C/N ratios 1.2, 2.4, 7.5, and 24. The results of time and yield of PHB accumulation show that the initial C/N ratio 2.4 was optimum for strain DX1-1 to accumulate PHB, both higher and lower initial C/N ratios did not favor that process. Based on the genome of Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5, 13 PHB accumulation related genes in strain JF-5 were chosen and successfully cloned from strain DX1-1. The differential expression of the 13 functional genes, in different C/N ratios as cited above, was then studied by Real-time PCR. The results show that all the 13 genes were most upregulated when initi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248923 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248922&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu GH, Choo SJ, Kim YH, Ryoo IJ, Seok SJ, Ahn JS, Yoo ID Four compounds were isolated from the broth culture of Volvariella bombycina and they were identified as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene-3-one (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3) and indazole (4) by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Among them, compound 2 exhibited melanogenesis inhibitory effect in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells. PMID: 20134236 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248922 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248921&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim JK, Kim N, Lim YH Biotransformation is often used to improve chemical activity. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of rhapontigenin, converted from rhapontin after treatment with Pectinex. Rhapontigenin showed 4-16 times higher antimicrobial activity than rhapontin. Activity was higher against Gram positive strains than Gram negative strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rhapontigenin, retinol, and five antibiotics were determined by microbroth dilution method for antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes. We also investigated the in vitro antibacterial activity of rhapontigenin in combination with antibiotic against antibiotic-resistant P. acnes. The antibiotic combination effect against resistant P. acnes was studied by checkerboard ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248921 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248920&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zou XF, Ji YT, Gao G, Zhu XJ, Lv SW, Yan F, Han SP, Chen X, Gao CC, Liu J, Luo GM Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) play crucial roles in balancing the production and decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms. These enzymes act cooperatively and synergistically to scavenge ROS. In order to imitate the synergism of these enzymes, we designed and synthesized a novel 32-mer peptide (32P) on the basis of the previous 15-mer peptide with GPX activity and a 17-mer peptide with SOD activity. Upon the selenation and chelation of copper, the 32-mer peptide is converted to a new Se- and Cu-containing 32-mer peptide (Se-Cu-32P) and displays both SOD and GPX activities and its kinetics was studied. Moreover, the novel pept... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248920 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248919&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134239%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeon BY, Park DH Zymomonas mobilis was immobilized in a modified graphite felt cathode with neutral red (NR-graphite cathode) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated on a platinum plate anode to electrochemically activate ethanol fermentation. Electrochemical redox reaction was induced by 3~4 volt of electric potential charged to a cathode and an anode. Z. mobilis produced 1.3 ~ 1.5 M of ethanol in the cathode compartment and S. cerevisiae did 1.7~1.9 M in the anode compartment for 96 hr. The ethanol production by Z. mobilis immobilized in the NR-graphite cathode and S. cerevisiae cultivated on the platinum plate was 1.5~1.6 times higher than those cultivated in the conventional condition. The electrochemical oxidation potential greatly inhibited ethanol fermentation of Z.... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248919 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248918&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ge XY, Qian H, Zhang WG Efficient L-lactic acid production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by Lactobacillus casei G-02 using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) in fed-batch culture is demonstrated. The kinetic analysis in the SSF signified that the inulinase activity was subjected to product inhibition, while the fermentation activity of G-02 was subjected to substrate inhibition. It was also found that the intracellularly NOX activity was enhanced by the citrate metabolism, which increased the carbon flux of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway dramatically, and resulted more ATP production. As a result, when the SSF was carried out at 40 degrees after the initial hydrolysis of 1 h with supplemented sodium citrate of 10g/L, L-lactic acid concentration of 141... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248918 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248917&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chantawongvuti R, Veerajetbodithat J, Jaturapiree P, Muangnapoh C Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge (LS) was evaluated. To increase the surface area of LS for cell immobilization, H2O2 and chitosan were introduced as surface modifying reagents. Four chitosan of different molecular weight were separately coated on LS. All experiments were conducted in shaking flask mode at 100 rpm rotating speed and 37 degrees with 5% CaCO3 as a pH regulating agent. The effects of initial glucose concentration were investigated in the range of 20-100 g L-1 on LA fermentation by free cells. The results indicate that the maximum concentration of LA was produced with 50 g L-1 glucose concentration. The immobilized cell system produced ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248917 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248916&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134242%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang SL, Li JY, Liang TW, Hsieh JL, Tseng WN A chitinase (CHT), and a protease (PRO) were purified from the culture supernatant of Serratia sp. TKU017 with shrimp shell as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular masses of CHT and PRO determined by SDS-PAGE were approximately 65 kDa and 53 kDa, respectively. CHT was inhibited by Mn2+, Cu2+ and PRO was inhibited by most tested divalent metals, EDTA. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, pH stability, and thermal stability of CHT and PRO were (pH 5, 50 degrees , pH 5 degrees ) and (pH 9, 40 degrees , pH 5 degrees ), respectively. PRO retained 95% of its protease activity in the presence of 0.5 mM SDS. The result demonstrates that PRO is SDS-resistant protease and probably has a rigid structure. The 4th day supernatant showe... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248916 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248915&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134243%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum and its derived mutants were used to demonstrate the relationship between proline, glutamate and ornithine. The maximum ornithine production was shown in the culture medium (3295.0 mg/l) when the cells were cultured with 20 mM proline and was 15.5 times higher than in the presence of 1 mM proline. However, glutamate, which known as an intermediate in the process of converting proline to ornithine, did not have any positive effect on ornithine production. This suggests that the conversion of proline to ornithine through glutamate, is not possible in C. glutamicum. Comparative analysis between the wild-type strain, SJC8043 (argF-, argR-) and SJC8064 (argF-, argR- and ocd-), showed that C. glutamicum could regulate ornithine production by ornithine cy... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248915 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248914&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134244%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim MR, Choeng YH, Chi WJ, Kang DK, Hong SK The skc gene encoding streptokinase (SK), with a molecular weight of approximately 47.4 kDa, was cloned from Streptococcus eouisimilis ATCC9542 and heterologously overexpressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24 and E. coli using various strong promoters. When the sprT promoter was used in the S. lividans TK24 host, the SK protein corresponding to 47.4 kDa was detected with a smaller hydrolyzed protein (44 kDa), implying posttranslational hydrolysis occurred as reported in other expression systems. Casein/plasminogen plate assay revealed that plasmid construct with the signal peptide of SK was superior to that with the signal peptide of sprT in SK production. The maximum productivity of SK was calculated as less than 0.25 unit/ml of the c... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248914 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248913&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim PI, Ryu J, Kim YH, Chi YT A bacterial strain isolated from soil for its potential to control the anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified as a Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis CMB32 produced antifungal agents on M9 broth at 30degreesC. Biosurfactant lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis CMB32 were precipitated by adjusting to pH 2 and extracting using chloroform/methanol, and then were purified using column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. Molecular masses of the lipopeptides were estimated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as (a) 1080, (b) 1486, and (c) 1044 Da, respectively. They had cyclic structures and amino acid compositions of (a) Pro, Asx, Ser, Tyr, Glx, (b) Glx, Tyr, Thr, Ala, Pro, Ile, and (c) Glx, Leu, Val, Asx, res... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248913 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248912&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134246%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jnawali HN, Lee HC, Sohng JK Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL3585 produces a clinically important ss-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid (CA). In order to increase the production of CA, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was deleted in S. clavuligerus NRRL3585 to overcome the limited glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate pool; the replicative and integrative expressions of ccaR (specific regulator of the CA biosynthetic operon) and claR (Lys-type transcriptional activator) genes were transformed together into deleted mutant to improve clavulanic acid production. We constructed two recombinant plasmids to enhance the production of CA in the gap1 deletion mutant of S. clavuligerus NRRL3585: pHN11 was constructed for overexpression of ccaR-claR, whereas pHN12 was const... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248912 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248911&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Javed I, Ahmed S, Ali MI, Ahmad B, Ghumro PB, Hameed A, Chaudry G Present study was carried for the isolation of bacteriocin producing Enterococci from indigenous sources. Gram positive enterococci are known for having the ability to produce enterocins with good antimicrobial potential. A total of 34 strains were isolated from processed dairy products of Pakistan and seven out of them were found to be member of genus enterococci on selective enumeration. Biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that four of these isolates (IJ-03, IJ-07, IJ-11 and IJ-12) were Enterococcus faecalis while three (IJ-06, IJ-21 and IJ-31) were Enterococcus faecium. Local processed cheese was the source of all enterococcal isolates, except E. faecium IJ-21 and IJ-31 which were isolated fro... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248911 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248910&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134248%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the metabolic activities of five strains of amount of Pediococcus spp. in terms of the quantities they produced of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, exopolysaccharides and proteolytic activity were determined. Lactic acid levels produced by these strains were found to be in the range of 2.5-5.6 mg/ml. All strains produced hydrogen peroxide. The P. pentosaceus Z13P strain produced the maximum amount (0.25 mg/ml) of proteolytic activity. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the Pediococcus strains during growth in MRS medium was in the range 25-64 mg/l. The susceptibility of 10 different antibiotics against these strains was also tested. All strains were found to be resistant to amoxicillin, gentamicin, and vancomicin. Antimicrobial effects of the Pediococcus on pathogens were ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248910 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248909&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jareonmit P, Sajjaphan K, Sadowsky MJ The microbial community structure in Thailand soils contaminated with low and high levels of arsenic was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Band pattern analysis indicated that the bacterial community was not significantly different in the two soils. Phylogenetic analysis obtained by excising and sequencing six bands indicated that the soils were dominated by Arthobacter koreensis and proteobacteria. Two hundred and sixty-two bacterial isolates were obtained from arsenic contaminated soils. The majority of the As resistant isolates were gram-negative bacteria. MIC studies indicated that all of the tested bacteria had greater resistance to arsenate than arsenite. Some strains were capable of growing in medium cont... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248909 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248908&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim I, Kim SH, Shin HS, Jung JY High lipid concentration is known to inhibit microorganisms and cause active biomass flotation. To reduce lipid inhibition, a two-phase anaerobic system, consisting of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, was applied to synthetic dairy wastewater. During 153 days of operation, the two-phase system showed stable performance in lipid degradation. In the ASBR, a 13% lipid removal efficiency and 10% double bond removal efficiency were maintained. In the UASB, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), lipid and volatile fatty acid (VFA) removal efficiencies were more than 80%, 70% and 95%, respectively, up to organic loading rate 6.5 g COD/L/day. There were no operational problems such as serious... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248908 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248907&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134251%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim SE, Moon JS, Kim JK, Choi WS, Lee SH, Kim SU In order to monitor the possibility of horizontal gene transfer between transgenic rice and microorganisms in paddy rice field, the gene flow from bifunctional fusion (TPSP) rice containing trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and phosphatase to microorganisms in soils was investigated. The soil samples collected every month from the paddy rice field during June, 2004 to March, 2006 were investigated by multiplex PCR, Southern hybridization, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The TPSP gene from soil genomics DNAs was not detected by PCR. Soil genomic DNAs were not shown its homologies on the Southern blotting data, indicating that gene-transfer did not occur during the last two years in paddy rice field. In addition, t... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248907 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248906&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Y, Zhang WZ, Liu X, Ma ZH, Li B, Allen C, Guo JH A specific and rapid real-time PCR assay for detecting Ralstonia solanacearum in the horticultural soil and plant tissues was developed in this study. The specific primers RSF/RSR were designed based on the upstream region of UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc deacetylase gene from R. solanacearum, and a PCR product of 159 bp was amplified specifically from 28 strains of R. solanacearum, which represent all genetically diverse AluI types and all 6 biovars, but not from any other nontarget species. The detection limit of 102 CFU/g tomato stem and horticultural soil was achieved in this real-time PCR assay. The high sensitivity and specificity observed with filed samples as well as with artificially infected samples suggested that this meth... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248906 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248905&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamayun M, Khan SA, Iqbal I, Ahmad B, Lee IJ Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) are well known for the production of useful secondary metabolites. However, limited information's are available on gibberellin (GA) production capacity of PGPF of endophytic origin. In current study, 15 fungal endophytes were isolated from the roots of Crown daisy, and then screened on Waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungi. The fungal isolate MH7 significantly increased shoot length (12.1 cm) of Waito-c in comparison to control treatment (7.9 cm). In a separate experiment, culture filtrate (CF) of MH7 significantly promoted growth attributes of Crown daisy. The MH7 CF was analyzed for gibberellins and it contained all physiologically active gibberellins (GA1, 1.37 ng/ml; ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248905 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248904&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pei-Bao Z, Ren AZ, Xu HJ, Li DC Fusarium verticillioides is an important pathogen of maize responsible for ear rots, stalk rots and seeding blight worldwide. During the past decade F. verticillioides has caused several severe epidemics of maize seeding blight in many areas of china, which lead to significant losses. In order to understand molecular mechanisms regulating fungal development and pathogenicity in the pathogen, we isolated and characterized the gene fpk1 (GenBank accession NO. EF405959) encoding catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which include 1854 bp DNA sequence from ATG to TAA, with 1680 bp coding region, three intron (their length: 66bp, 54bp and 54bp), and the predicated protein had 559 aa. The mutantdeltafpk1, which was disrupted of fpk1 gene... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248904 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248903&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trinh HT, Bae EA, Hyun YJ, Jang YA, Yun HK, Hong SS, Kim DH To evaluate the antiallergic effect of fermented Ixeris sonchifolia (IS, family Compositae), we prepared IS Kimchi, isolated Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from it, fermented IS with these LAB, and investigated their antiallergic effects. IS Kimchi more potently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by an IgE-antigen complex as well as the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 or histamine than IS. When IS was fermented with LAB isolated from IS Kimchi, its antiallergic effects was also increased. Of LAB used for fermentation, Lactobacillus brevis more potently increased the antiallergic effects. Its main constituents, chlorogenic acid and luteolin potently inhibited PCA reaction induc... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248903 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248902&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134256%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Granicka LH, Zolnierowicz J, Wasilewska D, Weryn A, Kawiak J The encapsulation of bacteria may be used to harness them for longer period of time in order to make them viable, while antibiotic treatment would result in controlled release of therapeutic molecules. Encapsulated bacteria Escherichia coli GFP (green fluorescent protein) (E. coli GFP) were used here as a model for therapeutic substance - GFP fragments release (model of bioactive substances). Our aim was to evaluate the performance of bacteria encapsulated in hollow fibers (HF) treated with antibiotic for induction of cell death. The polypropylene surface modified HF was applied for E. coli encapsulation. The encapsulated bacteria were treated with tetracycline in vitro or in vivo during subcutaneous implantation int... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248902 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178703&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mei YZ, Wan YM, He BF, Ying HJ, Ouyang PK The thermophile Bacillus fordii MH602 was screened for stereospecifically hydrolyzing DL-5-substituted hydantoins to L-alpha-amino acids. Since the reaction at higher temperature, the advantageous for enhancement of substrate solubility and for racemization of DL-5-substituted hydantoins during the conversion were achieved. The hydantoin metabolism gene cluster from thermophile was firstly reported in this paper. The genes involved in hydantoin utilization (hyu) were isolated on an 8.2 kb DNA fragment by Restriction Site-dependent PCR, and six ORFs were identified by DNA sequence analysis. The hyu gene cluster contained four genes with novel cluster organization characteristics: the hydantoinase gene hyuH, putative transport protein hy... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178703 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178702&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075611%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen L, Yu C, Zhou X, Zhang Y alpha-Dextranase, which can hydrolyze dextran, is largely used in the sugar industry. However, a thermostable alpha- dextranase is needed to alleviate the viscosity of syrups and clean blocked machines. Thus, to improve the optimal temperature of Lipomyces starkeyi alpha-dextranase expressed by Pichia pastoris, the rational introduction of a de novo designed disulfide bond was investigated. Based on the known structure of Penicillium minioluteum dextranase, L. starkeyi alpha-dextranase was constructed using homology modeling. Four amino acids residues were then selected for site-directed mutagenesis to cysteine. When compared with the wildtype dextranase, the mutant DexM2 (D279C/S289C) showed a more than 13oC improvement on its optimal temperature... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178702 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178701&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075612%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yoon KH A gene encoding the xylanase of Bacillus subtilis AMX-4, which had been isolated from soil, was cloned into Escherichia coli, and the gene product was purified from the cell-free extract of the recombinant Escherichia coli. This xylanase gene, designated xylA, consisted of 639 nucleotides, encoding a polypeptide of 213 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous to those of xylanase belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 11. The molecular mass of the purified mannanase was 23 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had a pH optimum at 6.0??.0 and a temperature optimum at 50??5degrees C. The activity of the enzyme was significantly inhibited by Cu2+ and Mn2+, and noticeably enhanced by Fe2+. The xylanase was active on xylans including ar... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178701 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178700&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075613%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim SH, Lee BY, Lau GW, Cho YH We have identified the iscR (PA3815) gene encoding an iron-sulfur cluster assembly regulator homologue as one of the genes required for peroxide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. We here present the phenotypic characterization of an iscR deletion mutant in terms of KatA expression, stress responses, and virulence. The iscR mutant exhibited reduced KatA activity at posttranslational level, hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and virulence-attenuation in Drosophila melanogaster and mouse peritonitis models. These phenotypes were fully restored by multi-copy-based expression of katA. These results suggest that the requirement of IscR in P. aeruginosa is related to the proper activity of KatA, which is crucial for peroxide resistance and f... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178700 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178699&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075614%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng Y, Sun B Polyphosphate (polyP) plays diverse physiological functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but most of their detailed mechanisms are still obscure. Here, we show that deletion of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), the principal enzyme responsible for synthesis of polyP, resulted in augmented expression of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and rpoS and lowered H2O2 sensitivity in Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028. The binding of cAMP-CRP complex to rpoS promoter and further stimulation of its transcription were proved through electrophoretic mobility shift assay, lacZ fusion, and exogenous cAMP addition, respectively. The rpoS expression increased in cpdA (cAMP phosphodiesterase coding gene) mutant, further suggesting that cAMP-CRP upregulated rpoS expression. These results de... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178699 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178698&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park YM, Phi QT, Song BH, Ghim SY DNA shuffling technique has been used to generate libraries of evolved enzymes in thermostability. We have shuffled two thermostable cytidine deaminases (CDAs) from Bacillus caldolyticus DSM405 (T53) and B. stearothermophilus IFO12550 (T101). The shuffled CDA library (SH1067 and SH1077 from the first round and SH2426 and SH2429 from the second round) showed various patterns in thermostability. The CDAs of SH1067 and SH1077 were more thermostable than that of T53. SH2426 showed 150% increased half-time than T53 at 70 degrees . The CDA of SH2429 showed about 200% decreased thermostability than that of T53 at 70 degrees . A single amino acid residue replacement presented between SH1077 and SH2429 contributed to dramatic changes in specific activi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178698 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178697&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seo YB, Choi SS, Nam SW, Lee JH, Kim YT Zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase (CrtX) mediates the formation of zeaxanthin to zeaxanthin diglucoside. Here, we report cloning of the crtX gene responsible for zeaxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis from Paracoccus haeundaensis and the production of the corresponding carotenoids in transformed cells carrying this gene. An expression plasmid containing the crtX gene (pSTCRT-X) was constructed, and Escherichia coli cells containing this plasmid produced the recombinant protein of approximately 46 kDa. Biosynthesis of zeaxanthin diglucoside was obtained when the plasmid pSTCRT-X was co-transformed into E. coli containing the pET-44a(+)-CrtEBIYZ carrying crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, and crtZ genes required for zeaxanthin beta-D-diglucoside biosynthes... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178697 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178696&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou C, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Ma Y A novel thermostable alpha-glucosidase (TtGluA) from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4 was successfully expressed in E. coli and characterized. The TtgluA gene contained 2253bp which encodes 750 amino acids. The native TtGluA was a trimer with monomer molecular weight of 89 kDa shown by SDS-PAGE. The purified recombinant enzyme showed hydrolytic activity on maltooligosaccharides, pNP-alpha-D-glucopyranide and dextrin with an exo-type cleaving manner. TtGluA showed preference for short-chain maltooligosaccharides and the highest specific activity for maltose of 3.26 units/mg. Maximal activity was observed at 60 degrees and pH 5.5. The half-life was 2 hours at 60 masculineC. The enzyme showed good tolerance to urea and SDS but was inhibite... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178696 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178695&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeong MS, Hwang EY, Kim HT, Yoo MA, Jang SB Human CDX2 is known as a caudal-related homeodomain transcription factor that is expressed in the intestinal epithelium and is important in differentiation and maintenance of the intestinal epithelial cells. The caudal-related homeobox proteins bind DNA according to a helix-turn-helix structure, thereby increasing the structural stability of DNA. A cancer-tumor suppressor role for Cdx2 has been shown by a decrease in the level of the expression of Cdx2 in colorectal cancer but the mechanism of transcriptional regulation has not been examined at the molecular level. We developed a large-scale system for expression of the recombinant, novel CDX2, in the Escherichia coli. A highly purified and soluble CDX2 protein was obtained in E. col... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178695 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178694&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075619%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gang JG, Yun SK, Hwang SY Purified Helicobacter pylori urease displayed a sigmoid curve in the plot of velocity versus [S] at urea concentrations less than 0.1 mM. Under condition that preservatives, glycerol or polyethylene glycol (PEG), were added to the enzyme reaction, then substrate was hydrolyzed consistent with Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 0.21 +/- 0.06 mM and a Vmax of 1200 +/- 300 micronmol min-1 mg-1. However, at saturating substrate concentrations, the kinetic parameters of H. pylori urease were unaffected by the presence of the preservatives and enzyme catalysis conformed to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. And, Hill coefficients of the enzyme-catalyzed urea hydrolysis in the presence and absence of PEG were 1 and 2, respectively. Based on these findings, we su... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178694 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178693&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim KM, Kim MJ, Kang JS The pharmacokinetics of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA) was investigated in male SD rats following oral and intravenous administration. D/DA and metabolites obtained from in vitro samples were evaluated by LC/MS. The level of D/DA and metabolized decursinol in the blood following oral and intravenous administration declined according to first-order kinetics, with T1/2 values of 56.67, 58.01 and 57.22 h, respectively, being observed after administration of a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. The large intestine was the major site of disposition following oral administration. These data indicate that D/DA is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In in vitro experiment utilizing liver microsomal protein, the major metabolic reaction of D/DA ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178693 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178689&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ryoo IJ, Xu GH, Kim YH, Choo SJ, Ahn JS, Bae K, Yoo ID Bioassay-guided fractionation of the culture broth of Aspergillus sp. FN070449 (KCTC 26428) using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay led to the isolation of two compound: reticulone (1) and reticulol (2). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 exhibited more potent free radical scavenging activity on ABTS.+ radicals and DPPH radicals than butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) and caffeic acid. PMID: 20075621 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178689 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178687&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075622%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the antibacterial activity of 20E, which exhibited poor antibacterial activity (MIC = 250-500 microng/mL) against all the bacterial strains tested. The combined activity of ampicillin (AM), gentamicin (GE) plus 20E against MRSA resulted in fractional inhibitory concentractions (FICs) ranging from 4.00 to 0.031 microng/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the FIC index ranged from 0.16-4.50, indicating a marked synergistic relationship between AM, GE and 20E against MRSA with enterotoxin gene. Time-kill assays also showed a decrease remarkarbly between the combination and the more active compound. Therefore, this study demonstrated that AM, GE and 20E can act synergistically in inhibiting MRSA in vitro. PMID: 20075622 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiolog... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178687 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178686&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jin BS, Han SG, Lee WK, Ryoo SW, Lee SJ, Suh SW, Yu YG Bacterial UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) catalyzes the transfer of enolpyruvate from phosphoenolphyruvate (PEP) to uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG), which is the first step of bacterial cell wall synthesis. We identified thimerosal, thiram, and ebselen as effective inhibitors of Heamophilus influenzae MurA after screening a chemical library that consisted of a wide range of bioactive compounds. When MurA was preincubated with these inhibitors, their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were found to range from 0.1 to 0.7 M. Particularly, thimerosal suppressed the growth of several different Gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178686 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178685&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075624%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were exposed to thirteen essential oils and surviving spores were enumerated. Cardamom, juniper leaf and tea tree oils were the most effective, reducing the number of viable spores by 3 logs at concentrations above 1%. Sporicidal activity was enhanced at high temperatures (60 degrees ) or longer exposure times (up to one week). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the components of the active essential oils. However, none of the major oil components exhibited equivalent activity to the whole oils. The fact that oil components, either alone or in combination, did not show the same level of sporicidal activity as the complete oils suggeste... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178685 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178684&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kwon CH, Lee JH, Kim SW, Kang JW A lipase-catalyzed esterification reaction of (S)-naproxen ethyl ester by CALB (Candida antarctica lipase B) enzyme was performed in supercritical carbon dioxide. Experiments were performed in a high-pressure cell for 10 h at a stirring rate of 150 rpm over a temperature range of 313.15 to 333.15 K and a pressure range of 50 to 175 bar. The productivity of (S)-naproxen ethyl ester was compared with the result in ambient condition. The total reaction time and conversion yields of the catalyzed reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide were compared with those at ambient temperature and pressure. The experimental results show that the conversion and reaction rate were significantly improved at critical condition. The maximum conversion yield was 9... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178684 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178683&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vu VH, Kim K High-cell-density cultivation of yeast was investigated using the agricultural waste products corn steep liquor (CSL) and molasses. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae KV-25 cell mass was significantly dependent on the ratio between C and N sources. The concentrations of molasses and CSL in the culture medium were statistically optimized at 10.25% (v/v) and 16.87% (v/v), respectively, by response surface methodology (RSM). Batch culture in a 5-l stirred tank reactor using the optimized medium resulted in a cell mass production of 36.5 g/l. In the fed-batch culture, the feed phase was preceded by a batch phase using the optimized medium, and a very high dried-cell-mass yield of 187.63 g/l was successfully attained by feeding a mixture of 20% (v/v) molasses and 80% (v/v) C... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178683 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178681&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim DH, Kim BG, Jung NR, Ahn JH Isoflavonoid is known as phytoestrogen. Isoflavnone synthase (IFS) is responsible to convert naringenin to genistein. IFS is one of cytochrome P450 and requires cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) for its activity. In addition, most of cytochrome P450s contain membrane binding domain and thus it is difficult to express in Escherichia coli. To overcome these problems, we made an in-frame fusion of the IFS from red clover (RCIFS) and CPR gene from rice (RCPR) after removal of the membrane binding domain from IFS and CPR reductase. The resulting fusion gene, RCIFS-RCPR, was expressed in E. coli. Conversion of naringenin into genistein was verified using this E. coli transformant. After optimization of medium and cell density for biotransformation, 60 &... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178681 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178679&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee K, Lee Y Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60 was tested whether it can produce c9, t11- and t10, c12- conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) in human. After consumption of L. rhamnosus PL60, L. rhamnosus was detected in feces 1 week after the start of intake. Analysis by gas chromatography showed that concentrations of c9, t11- and t10, c12-CLAs in serum had increased and concentrations of serum leptin had significantly decreased. Results showed that L. rhamnosus PL60 can survive in human intestines and produce CLAs in human. This is the first report that bacteria can produce CLAs in human. PMID: 20075628 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178679 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178678&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rao S, Su Y, Li J, Xu Z, Yang Y Design and expression of an antihypertensive peptide multimer (AHPM), a common precursor of 11 kinds of antihypertensive peptides (AHPs) tandemly linked up according to the restriction sites of gastrointestinal proteases, were explored. The DNA fragment encoding the AHPM was chemically synthesized and cloned into expression vector pGEX-3X. After an optimum induction with IPTG, the recombinant AHPM fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST-AHPM) was expressed mostly as inclusion body in Escherichia coli BL21 and reached the maximal production, 35% of total intracellular protein. The inclusion body was washed, dissolved and purified by cation exchange chromatography under denaturing conditions, followed by refolding together with size exclusion ch... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178678 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178677&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weina G, Yue M, Xie B, Wan F, Guo J Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) function as molecular chaperones that protect cells against environmental stresses. In the present study, the genes of hsp17.6 and hsp17.7, cytosolic class I sHSPs, were cloned from a tropical plant, Ageratina adenophorum. Their C-terminal domains were highly conserved with those of sHSPs from other plants, indicating the importance of the C-terminal domains for the structure and activity of sHSPs. The recombinant HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 were applied to determine their chaperone function. In vitro, HSP17.6 and HSP17.7 actively participated in the refolding of the model substrate citrate synthase (CS) and effectively prevented the thermal aggregation of CS at 45 degrees and the irreversible inactivation of CS at ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178677 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178676&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saad N, Urdaci M, Vignoles C, Chaignepain S, Tallon R, Schmitter JM, Bressollier P The aim of this study was to provide new insight into the mechanism whereby the housekeeping enzyme glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) locates to cell walls of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. After purification, cytosolic and cell wall GAPDH (cw-GAPDH) forms were characterized and shown to be identical homotetrameric active enzymes. GAPDH concentration on cell walls was growth-time dependent. Free GAPDH was not observed on the culture supernatant at any time during growth, and provoked cell lysis was not concomitant with any reassociation of GAPDH onto the cell surface. Hence, with the possibility of cw- GAPDH resulting from autolysis being unlikely, entrapment of intracellular GAPD... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178676 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178675&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chae SE, Moon JS, Jung JY, Kim JS, Eom HJ, Kim SY, Yoon HS, Han NS The aim of this study was to investigate the buffering effects of calcium salts in kimchi on total acidity, microbial population, and dextransucrase activity. For this, calcium chloride or calcium carbonate was added in dongchimi-kimchi, a watery-radish kimchi, and their effects on various biochemical attributes were analyzed. As results, addition of 0.1% calcium chloride in kimchi resulted in less decrease in pH after 24 days incubation and this milder condition allowed lactic acid bacteria to survive longer than the control. Particularly, heterofermentative Leuconostoc genus showed 10-fold higher population than that of the control. In addition, when sucrose and maltose were added with calcium salts in kimchi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178675 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178674&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075633%26dopt%3DAbstract Cloning and Expression of beta-Glucuronidase from Lactobacillus brevis in E. coli and Application in the Bioconversion of Baicalin and Wogonoside. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2009 Dec;19(12):1650-1655 Authors: Kim HS, Kim JY, Park MS, Zheng H, Ji GE The Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene from Lactobacillus brevis RO1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli GMS407. The GUS gene was composed of 1812 bp encoding a 603-amino-acid protein belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 2 with three conserved domains. It showed more than 70% of amino acid similarity with the beta--glucuronidases of various microorganisms, but less than 58% with that of L. gasseri ADH. Overexpression and purification of GUS was performed in beta-glucuronidase-deficient E. coli GMS407. The purified ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178674 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178673&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075634%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a bioaugmented membrane bioreactor (MBR) inoculated with enriched ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was developed, and the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature on stability of partial nitrification and microbial community structure, in particular on nitrifying community were evaluated. The results showed that DO and temperature played the most important roles in the stability of partial nitrification in the bioaugmented MBR. The optimal operation conditions were found at 2-3 mgDO/L and 30 degrees , achieving 95% ammonia oxidization efficiency and 0.95 of nitrite ratio (NO2-/NOx-). High-DO (5-6 mg/L) and low-temperature (20 degrees ) had negative impacts on nitrite accumulation, leading to its drop to 0.6. However, the nitrite ratio achieved in the bioaugmented MBR... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178673 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178672&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeon BY, Kim SY, Park YK, Park DH Anaerobic digestion sludge was cultivated in an electrochemical bioreactor (ECB) for enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Electrochemical reducing power was charged to a modified graphite felt cathode with neutral red (NR-cathode), which was generated from a solar cell. Methane and carbon dioxide collected in a teflon bag from the ECB was maximal 2.0 times higher and 3.5 times lower, respectively, than those from conventional bioreactor (CB). The ratio of methane to carbon dioxide (M/C ratio) collected in the teflon bag from the EBC and CB was maximal 7 and 1, respectively. The most of predominant methanogens isolated from the CB at 20th, 80th and 150th day of incubation time was hydrogenotrophs. The methanogenic diversity analyzed by t... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178672 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178671&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075636%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kang YS, Park YJ, Jung J, Park W We studied the effects of aged total petroleum hydrocarbons (aged TPH) on the survival of allochthonous diesel-degrading Rhodococcus sp. strain YS-7 in both laboratory and field investigations. The aged TPH extracted from a crude oil-contaminated site were fractionized by thin-layer chromatography/flame ionization detection (TLC/FID). The three fractions identified were saturated aliphatic (SA), aromatic hydrocarbon (AH), and asphaltene-resin (AR). The ratio and composition of the separated fractions in the aged TPH were quite different from the crude-oil fractions. In the aged TPH, the SA and AH fractions were reduced and the AR fraction was dramatically increased compared to crude oil. The SA and AH fractions (2 mg/L each) of the aged TPH inh... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178671 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178668&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075637%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi MK, Kim KD, Ahn KM, Shin DH, Hwang JH, Seong CN, Ka JO Three parathion-degrading bacteria and eight pairs of bacteria showing syntrophic metabolism of parathion were isolated from rice field soils, and their genetic and phenotypic characteristics were investigated. The three isolates and eight syntrophic pairs were able to utilize parathion as a sole source of carbon and energy, producing p-nitrophenol as the intermediate metabolite during the complete degradation of parathion. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolates were related to members of the genera, Burkholderia, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Variovorax, and Ensifer. The chromosomal DNA patterns of the isolates obtained by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive extragenic pal... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178668 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178666&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075638%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mehnaz S, Baig DN, Jamil F, Weselowski B, Lazarovits G A novel strain of fluorescent pseudomonad (PB-St2) was isolated from surface sterilized stems of sugarcane grown in Pakistan. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aurantiaca on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and results from physiological and biochemical characteristics carried out with API50 CH and QTS 24 bacterial identification kits. Assays using substrate specific media for enzymes revealed lipase and protease activity but cellulase, chitinase, or pectinase were not detected. The bacterium was unable to solubilize phosphate or produce indole acetic acid. However, it did produce HCN, siderophores, and homoserine lactones. In dual culture assays on agar, the bacterium showed antifungal activity again... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178666 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3178665&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075639%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fan L, Zhao L, Sun Y, Kou T, Zhou Y, Tan WS An animal component-free and chemically defined fed-batch process for GS-engineered cell lines producing recombinant antibodies has been developed. The fed-batch process relied on supplying sufficient nutrients to match their consumption, simultaneously minimizing the accumulation of byproducts (lactate and osmolality). The proportionalities of nutritional consumption were determined by direct analysis. And the robust, metabolically responsive feeding strategy was based on the off-line measurement of glucose. The fed-batch process was shown to perform equivalently in GS-CHO and GS-NS0 culture. Compared to batch cultures, the fed-batch technology generated the magnitude of the increase in cell yields (5 fold) and final antibody concen... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3178665 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3178665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072710&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996677%26dopt%3DAbstract This study revealed that the phylum Acidobacteria could be globally distributed. At the subdivisional level, acidobacterial subdivision 1 might be the most widely distributed group in this phylum, indicating that members of subdivision 1 might be adapted to various soil environments, and members belonging to other subdivisions might be restricted to certain geographic regions or habitats. PMID: 19996677 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072710 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072709&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim D, Chung J, Hyun H, Lee C, Lee K, Cho K We have used mutational analysis to identify four genes, MXAN3553, MXAN3554, MXAN3555, and MXAN3556, constituting an operon that is essential for normal fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus. Deletion of MXAN3553, which encoded a hypothetical protein, resulted in delayed fruiting body development. MXAN3554 was predicted to encode a metallopeptidase, and its deletion caused fruiting body formation to fail. Inactivation of MXAN3555, which encoded a putative NtrC-type response regulator, resulted in delayed aggregation and a severe reduction in sporulation. Fruiting bodies also failed to develop with the deletion of MXAN3556, another gene encoding a hypothetical protein. PMID: 19996678 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journa... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072709 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072707&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996679%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cao Y, Wang Y, Luo H, Shi P, Meng K, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Yao B A 2172-bp full-length gene (aga-F78), encoding a protease-resistant alpha-galactosidase, was cloned from Rhizopus sp. F78 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence shared highest identity (45.0%) with an alpha-galactosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 36 from Absidia corymbifera. After one step purification with Ni-NTA chelating column, the recombinant Aga-F78 migrated as a single band of ~82 and ~210 kDa on SDS-PAGE and non-denaturing gradient PAGE, respectively, indicating that the native structure of the recombinant Aga-F78 was trimer. Exhibiting the similar properties as the authentic protein, purified recombinant Aga-F78 was optimally active at 50 degrees and pH 4.8, highly pH stable ov... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072707 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072705&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996680%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nguyen TV, Hong SH, Lee SY The evolution of living organisms occurs via a combination of highly complicated processes that involve modification of various features such as appearance, metabolism and sensing systems. To understand the evolution of life, it is necessary to understand how each biological feature has been optimized in response to new environmental conditions and interrelated with other features through evolution. To accomplish this, we constructed contents-based trees for two-component system (TCS) and metabolic network to determine how the environmental communication mechanism and the intracellular metabolism have evolved, respectively. We then conducted a comparative analysis of the two trees using ARACNE to evaluate the evolutionary and functional relationship ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072705 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072703&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996681%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ben Abdelmalek I, Urdaci MC, Ben Ali M, Denayrolles M, Chaignepain S, Limam F, Bejar S, Marzouki MN The filamentous ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is well known for its ability to produce a large variety of hydrolytic enzymes for the degradation of plant polysaccharide material. Two alpha-amylases designated as ScAmy54 and ScAmy43 were biochemically characterized and predicted to play an important role in starch degradation. Those enzymes produce specific oligosaccharides, essentially maltotriose, that have a considerable commercial interest. The primary structures of the two enzymes were analyzed by N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and cDNA cloning, and implied that the two proteins have the same N-terminal catalytic domain and ScAmy43 was produced fro... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072703 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072702&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li YX, Li Y, Qian ZJ, Kim MM, Kim SK Marine red algae of genus Laurencia are becoming the most important resources to produce unique natural metabolites with wide bioactivities. However, reports related to Laurencia undulata, an edible species used as folk herb, are rarely found to date. In this research, 5-hydroxymethyl- 2-furfural (5-HMF) was isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) from Laurencia undulata as well as other marine algae. The following characteristics of 5-HMF were systematically evaluated: its antioxidant activities, such as typical free-radicals scavenging in vitro by electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging; membrane protein oxidation; oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) i... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072702 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072701&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee DY, Lee SJ, Kwak HY, Jung L, Heo J, Hong S, Kim GW, Baek NI An activity-guided fractionation method was used to isolate anticancer components from Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815:KSD-815). Dried powder of KSD-815 was extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned successively using nhexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The n-hexane and n-butanol fractions showed a strong antimigratory effect on human cancer cells. Both of these fractions were subjected to separation and purification procedures using silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies to afford four purified compounds. These were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), stigmast- 5-en-3beta,7beta-diol (2), ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta,5alpha,6beta,9alpha-tetraol (3), and daucosterol (4... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072701 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072699&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ranga R, Sarada AR, Baskaran V, Ravishankar GA Haematococcus pluvialis, a green alga accumulates astaxathin upto 2-3% on dry weight basis. In the present study, identification of carotenoids from Haematococcus cyst cell extract by HPLC and LC-MS (APCI) and their antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro model systems. The extract exhibited 89% and 78% antioxidant activity in -carotene linoleate model, and hydroxyl radical scavenging model at 9 ppm of total carotenoid respectively. The extract also showed 80%, 85% and 79% antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation in kidney, brain and liver of rats. Low-density lipoprotein oxidation induced by Cu2+ ions also protected (45%, 64% and 75%) by the extract in a dose dependent manner with different carotenoid le... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072699 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072695&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sreekanth D, Syed A, Sarkar S, Sarkar D, Santhakumari B, Ahmad A, Khan I We have isolated endophytic fungi from Indian yew tree, Taxus baccata and then screened for taxol production. Out of the forty fungal cultures screened, one fungus Gliocladium sp. was found to produce taxol and 10DAB III (10 Deacetyl baccatin III). These compounds were purified by TLC, HPLC and characterized using UV-Spectroscopy, ESI-MS, MS/MS and proton NMR. One liter of Gliocladium sp. culture yielded 10 µg of taxol and 65 µg of 10 DAB III. The purified taxol from the fungus showed cytotoxicity towards cancer lines HL-60 (leukemia), A431 (epidermal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). PMID: 19996685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotec... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072695 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072694&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996686%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi JN, Kim D, Choi HK, Yoo KM, Kim J, Lee CH Bioconversion of the isoflavonoid genistein to 2'- hydroxygenistein (2'-HG) was performed using isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (CYP81E1) heterologously expressed in yeast. A monohydroxylated product was analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and NMR spectrometry and was identified as 2'-HG. An initial bioconversion rate of 6% was increased up to 14% under optimized conditions. After recovery, the biological activity of 2'-HG was evaluated. Bioconverted 2'-HG showed higher antioxidant activity against 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals than did genistein. Furthermore, 2'-HG exhibited greater antiproliferative ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072694 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072693&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996687%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim JH, Choi W, Lee JH, Jeon SJ, Choi YH, Kim BW, Chang HI, Nam SW In the present study, neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin on H2O2-mediated apoptotic cell death using cultured mouse neural progenitor cells (mNPCs) were investigated. To cause apoptotic cell death, mNPCs were pretreated with astaxanthin for 8 h and followed by treatment of 0.3 mM H2O2. Pretreatment of mNPCs with astaxanthin significantly inhibited H2O2-mediated apoptosis and induced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In Western blot analysis, astaxanthin-pretreated cells showed the activation of p-Akt, p-MEK, p-ERK, and Bcl-2, and the reduction of p-P38, p-SAPK/JNK, Bax, p-GSK3beta, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and PARP. Because H2O2 triggers caspases activation, this study examined whether astaxanthin can... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072693 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072692&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996688%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, it was found that the lysosomes isolated from egg white exhibited pH-dependent antimicrobial activity with the optimal activity found at pH 6.0. The efficiency of lysosomes in inhibiting bacterial growth and activity was evaluated over a 12-hour treatment period. Seven different microorganisms were used as bacterial strains, and the lysosomes showed a significant antimicrobial effect against all strains. In addition, the antimicrobial activity was maintained for 100 days, and there did not appear to be any resistance of E. coli to the lysosomal activity up to eighth culture. However, the lysosomes did not affect the viability of mammalian cells, suggesting the biocompatibility of lysosomes. These highly effective lysosomes have a bright future in the application of novel ant... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072692 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072691&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim MI, Kim NJ, Shang L, Chang YK, Lee SY, Chang HN Succinic acid was produced by continuous fermentation of Actinobacillus succinogenes sp. 130Z in an external membrane cell recycle reactor to improve viable cell concentration and productivity. Using this system, cell concentration increased to 16.4 g/l at the dilution rate 0.2 h-1, up to 3 times higher than that of batch culture, and the volumetric productivity of succinic acid increased up to 6.63 g/l/h at the dilution rate 0.5 h-1, 5 times higher than that of batch fermentation. However, in the continuous culture using a high dilution rate, operational problems including severe membrane fouling and contamination by lactic acid producer were observed. Another succinic acid producer, Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E, wa... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072691 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072690&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996690%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jin SD, Kim YM, Kang HK, Jung SJ, Kim D Response surface methodology (RSM) examining the effects of five-level-three-factors and their mutual interactions was utilized to optimize the fermentation conditions to enhance capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Twenty experiments conducted in an 8-l lab-scale fermentor were designed to assess fermentation pH, supplemented glucose concentration, and stirring rate. The predicted highest CPS production by the obtained optimization model equation was 256.14 mg/l at optimal conditions [pH 7.5, stirring rate 180 rpm, and supplemented glucose concentration 1% (w/v)]. The validity of the response model was confirmed by the good agreement between the predicted and experimental results. The maximum amou... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072690 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072689&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee PC, Lee SY, Chang HN Succinic acid-producing Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens was anaerobically grown in glucose-fed continuous cultures using glucose as a carbon source, and the metabolic flexibility of A. succiniciproducens in response to varying glucose concentrations and dilution rates was examined. Both succinic acid (SA) and acetic acid (AA) formation was growth-associated, and their growth-rate-related coefficients (KSA/X, KAA/X) and nongrowth-rate-related coefficients (K'SA/X, K'AA/X) were slightly influenced by glucose concentrations. A high glucose concentration (38 g/l) and high growth rate (0.63 h-1) did not induce by-product formation. PMID: 19996691 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072689 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072688&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Survase SA, Annapure US, Singhal RS This work evaluates the effect of different amino acids on production of CyA production in solid-state fermentation that was previously optimized for different fermentation parameters by one-factor-at-a-time for the maximum production of CyA by Tolypocladium inflatum MTCC 557. Based on the Plackett-Burman design, glycerol, ammonium sulfate, FeCl3, and inoculum size were selected for further optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). After identifying effective nutrients, RSM was used to develop mathematical model equations, study responses, and establish the optimum concentrations of the key nutrients for higher CyA production. It was observed that supplementation of medium containing (% w/w) glycerol, 1.53; ammonium sulfate, 0.95; ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072688 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072687&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Satish Kumar R, Arul V A bacteriocin-producing strain PI80 was isolated from the gut of Penaeus indicus (Indian white shrimp) and identified as Streptococcus phocae PI80. The bacteriocin was purified from a culture supernatant to homogeneity as confirmed by Tricine SDS-PAGE. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed a single active fraction eluted at 12.94min, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 9.244 kDa. This molecular mass does not correspond to previously described streptococcal bacteriocins. The purified bacteriocin was named phocaecin PI80 from its producer strain, as this is the first report of bacteriocin production by Streptococcus phocae. The bacteriocin exhibited a broad spectrum of activity and inhibited important pathogens: Listeria... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072687 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072686&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996694%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that a dietary L. casei expressing cGM-CSF enhances specific immune functions at both the mucosal and systemic levels in puppies. PMID: 19996694 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072686 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072685&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silva F, Passarinha L, Sousa F, Queiroz JA, Domingues FC The obtention of high yields of purified plasmid DNA is viewed as an essential issue to be considered towards efficient production of DNA vaccines and therapeutic plasmids. In this work, Escherichia coli DH5¥á bearing the pVAX1-LacZ plasmid was grown in a developed semi-defined medium at different temperatures and tryptone concentrations. Analysis of pDNA yields and E. coli morphology revealed that at higher temperatures (37 and 40oC), higher specific yields and E. coli filamentation were obtained. However, the best results were achieved when a lower tryptone concentration was used. This approach was shown to be a powerful tool to promote plasmid amplification, keeping the desirable plasmid structure, ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072685 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072684&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chai LC, Ghazali FM, Bakar FA, Lee HY, Suhaimi LR, Talib SA, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, Radu S The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1% and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPNPCR method. Campylobacter spp. was not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the le... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072684 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072683&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yan K, Wang H, Zhang X, Yu H With an aim to evaluate dye decolorization by white rot fungus on natural living conditions, reproducing by solidstate fermentation, the process of triphenylmethane dyes decolorization using the white rot fungus P. ostreatus BP, cultivated on rice straw solid-state medium, has been demonstrated. Three typical dyes, including malachite green, bromophenol blue, and crystal violet, were almost completely decolorized by the fungus after 9 days of incubation. During the process of dye decolorization, the activities of enzyme secreted by the fungus, and the contents of soluble components, such as phenolic compounds, protein, and sugar, changed regularly. The fungus could produce ligninolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes and laccase was the... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072683 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072682&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koo SY, Cho KS The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils is important in overcoming its limitations for field application. A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Serratia sp. SY5, was isolated from the rhizoplane of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) grown in petroleum and heavy-metal-contaminated soil. This isolate has shown capacities for indole acetic acid production and siderophores synthesis. Compared with a non-inoculated control, the radicular root growth of Zea mays seedlings inoculated with SY5 can be increased by 27- or 15.4-fold in the presence of 15 mg-Cd/l or 15 mg-Cu/l, respectively. The results from hydroponic cultures showed that inoculation of Serratia sp. SY5 had a favorable influe... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072682 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072681&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996699%26dopt%3DAbstract This study highlights an important potential use of the strain scl-2 for the cleanup of environmental contamination by isocarbophos and presents a mechanism of isocarbophos metabolism. PMID: 19996699 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072681 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072680&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma D, Liao W, Wang R, Han Z, Liu S Two novel avian beta-defensins (AvBDs) isolated from duck liver were characterized and their homologies with other AvBDs were analyzed. They were shown to be duck AvBD9 and AvBD10. The mRNA expression of the two genes was analyzed in 17 different tissues from 1-28-dayold ducks. AvBD9 was differentially expressed in the tissues, with especially high levels of expression in liver, kidney, crop, and trachea, whereas AvBD10 was only expressed in the liver and kidney of ducks at all the ages investigated. We produced and purified GST-tagged recombinant AvBD9 and AvBD10 by expressing the two genes in Escherichia coli. Both recombinant proteins exhibited antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains. The results revealed that both recombi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072680 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072668&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996701%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the effects of incubation temperature on urease activity expression, using the TH3996 and AQ4673 strains where the enzyme activity is known to be temperaturedependent and -independent, respectively. In the TH3996 strain, beta-galactosidase activity was 4.4-fold lower after 30oC cultivation than after 37 degrees in a ureR-lacZ fusion strain, but temperature dependency was not found in ureD- or nikA-lacZ fusion strains. However, ureR-, ureD-, and nikA-lacZ fusions of the AQ4673 strain was not influenced by incubation temperature. We compared the promoter sequences of ureR between the above two strains. Intriguingly, we detected mismatches of two nucleotides between the two strains located at positions -66 and -108 upstream of the methionine initiation codon for Ure... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072668 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072660&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jung JH, Yoon EJ, Choi EC, Choi SS To achieve more accurate and rapid detection of macrolidelincosamide- streptogramin B resistance genes, erm(A), erm(B), and erm(C), we developed a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR (Q-PCR) method and compared it with conventional PCR (C-PCR), which is the most widely using erm gene identification method. The detection limit of Q-PCR was 5 fg of genomic DNA or 5-8 CFU of bacterial cells of Staphylococcus aureus. The utilization of Q-PCR might shorten the time to erm detection from 3-4 h to about 50 min. These data indicated that Q-PCR assay appears to be not only highly sensitive and specific, but also the most rapid diagnostic method. Therefore, the appropriate application of the Q-PCR assay will permit rapid and accurate identification of erm... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072660 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072654&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Song MK, Chang J, Hong Y, Hong S, Kim SW This paper describes the development a of direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, devised for simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses. This method combines the direct reverse transcription reaction without RNA purification with the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR. The method successfully detected three major human influenza viruses: influenza virus A subtype 1 (H1N1) and subtype 3 (H3N2), and influenza B virus (B). The minimum number of virus particles (pfu/ml) necessary for detection in spiked saliva samples was 200 (H1N1), 140 (H3N2), and 4.5 (B). The method's sensitivity and simplicity will be convenient for use in clinical laboratories for the dete... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072654 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072648&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar S, Tuteja U Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, and well recognized as a potential agent for bioterrorism. B. anthracis can be identified by detecting the virulence factors genes located on two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of virulence genes in 27 isolates of B. anthracis isolated from clinical and environmental samples. For this purpose, multiplex PCR and DNA probes were designed to detect protective antigen ( pag), edema factor (cya), lethal factor (lef ), and capsule (cap) genes. Our results indicated that all the isolates contained all the above virulence genes, suggesting that the isolates were virulent. To the best our knowledge, this is the first study about the determination of virulen... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072648 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072647&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996705%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of polysaccharides from Salicornia herbacea on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Crude polysaccharides from S. herbacea (CS) were prepared by extraction with hot steam water, and fine polysaccharides from S. herbacea (PS) were obtained through further size exclusion chromatography. The anti-proliferative effect of CS and PS were measured using the MTS assay, apoptosis analysis, cell cycle analysis, and RT-PCR. HT-29 cells were treated with CS or PS at different dosages (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg ml-1) for 24 or 48 h. CS and PS inhibited proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis after Annexin V-FITC and PI staining revealed that treatment with CS or PS increased total apoptotic death ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072647 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072646&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19996706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park KH, Kim H, Na K The development of nanotechnology has penetrated the fields of biology and medicine, resulting in remarkable applications for tissue regeneration. In order to apply this technology to tissue engineering, we have developed nanoscaled 3D scaffolds consisting of growth factor-loaded heparin/poly(l-lysine) nanoparticles (NPs) attached to the surface of polymeric microspheres via polyionic complex methods. Growth factor-loaded NPs were simply produced as polyelectrolyte complexes with diameters of 100-200 nm. They were then coated onto positively charged poly(lacticco- glycolic acid) (PLGA) pretreated with polyethyleneimine to enable cell adhesion, proliferation, and stimulation of neurite outgrowth. Propidium iodide staining and beta-tubulin analysis revealed ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072646 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959945&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884762%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meng X, Shao Z, Hong Y, Lin L, Li C, Liu Z A genomic library was constructed to clone a xylanase gene (Mxyn10) from Demequina sp. JK4 isolated from a deep sea. Mxyn10 encoded a 471 residue protein with a calculated molecular mass of 49 kDa. This protein showed the highest sequence identity (70%) with the xylanase from Streptomyces lividans. Mxyn10 contains a catalytic domain that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) belonging to family 2. The optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic activity were pH 5.5 and 55 degrees , respectively. Mxyn10 exhibited good pH stability, remaining stable after treatment with buffers ranging from pH 3.5 to 10.0. The protein was not significantly affected by a variety of chemical reagents, inc... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959945 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959944&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884763%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang H, Luo H, Wang Y, Fu D, Shao N, Yang P, Meng K, Yao B A phytase with high activity at low temperatures has great potential for feed applications, especially in aquaculture. Therefore, this study used a degenerate PCR and TAIL PCR to clone a phytase gene from Erwinia carotovora var. carotovota, the cause of soft rot of vegetables in the ground or during cold storage. The full-length 2.5-kb fragment included an open reading frame of 1,302 bp and encoded a putative phytase of 45.3 kDa with a 50% amino acid identity to the Klebsiella pneumoniae phytase. The phytase contained the active site RHGXRXP and HD sequence motifs that are typical of histidine acid phosphatases. The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and displayed the following characteristics: a high... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959944 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959943&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chang M, Bai LP, Shan JJ, Jiang R, Zhang Y, Guo LH, Zhang R, Li Y A novel exopolysaccharide named Ebosin was produced by Streptomyces sp. 139, with medicinal activity. Its biosynthesis gene cluster (ste) has been previously identified. For the functional study of the ste7 gene in Ebosin biosynthesis, it was disrupted with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The monosaccharide composition of EPS- 7m produced by the mutant strain Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste7-) was found altered from that of Ebosin, with fucose decreasing remarkably. For biochemical characterization of Ste7, the ste7 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. With a continuous coupled spectrophotometric assay, Ste7 was demonstrated to have the ability of catalyzing the transfer of fucose s... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959943 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959942&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wan X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Huang F, Chen H, Jiang M Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3 delta6,9,12) is synthesized by a delta-6 fatty acid desaturase using linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 delta9,12) as a substrate. To enable the production of GLA in the conventional yeast Pichia pastoris, we have isolated a cDNA encoding the delta-6 fatty acid desaturase from Cunninghamella echinulata MIAN6 and confirmed its function by heterogeneous expression in P. pastoris. Sequence analysis indicated that this cDNA sequence has an open reading frame of 1,404 bp, which encodes a 52 kDa peptide of 468 amino acids. This sequence has 64% identity to the previously reported delta-6 fatty acid desaturase from Rhizopus oryzae. The polypeptide has a cytochrome b5 domain at the N-terminus including the HPGG mo... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959942 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959941&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee MJ, Park JH The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protein Tat acts as a transcription transactivator that stimulates expression of the infected viral genome. It is released from infected cells and can similarly affect neighboring cells. The nucleocapsid is an important protein that has a related significant role in early mRNA expression, and which contributes to the rapid viral replication that occurs during HIV-1 infection. To investigate the interaction between the Tat and nucleocapsid proteins, we utilized cDNA microarrays using pTat and flag NC cotransfection in HEK 293T cells and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to validate the microarray data. Four upregulated genes and nine downregulated genes were selected as candidate genes. Gene ontology analysi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959941 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959940&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sang Woo K, Hwang HJ, Baek YM, Hwang HS, Yun JW In an attempt to discover novel biomarker proteins in type 2 diabetes prognosis, we investigated the influence of hypoglycemic extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) obtained from the macrofungus Tremella fuciformis on the differential levels of plasma proteins in ob/ob mice using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The 2-DE analysis demonstrated that 92 spots from about 900 visualized spots were differentially regulated, of which 40 spots were identified as principal diabetes-associated proteins. By comparing control with EPS-fed mice, we found that at least six proteins were significantly altered in ob/ob mice, including Apo A-I, IV, C-III, E, retinol-binding protein 4, and transferrin, and their levels were interestingly ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959940 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959939&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884768%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kang IH, Kim EJ, Lee JK The exogenously-added cadaverine is effective in protecting Vibrio vulnificus from methyl viologen (MV)-induced superoxide stress at pH 8.5. Such a protective effect by cadaverine was not observed at pH 7.5. Consistently, the accumulated level of intracellular cadaverine at pH 8.5 is approximately four times as much as that of the control cell at pH 7.5. Cadaverine accumulation is not affected by MV. The protection of V. vulnificus by cadaverine from superoxide stress was abolished when cadB coding for lysine-cadaverine antiporter was interrupted. However, the cadaverine-mediated protection was complemented with cadB DNA. Therefore, CadB of V. vulnificus not only acts as a lysine-cadaverine antiporter at acid pH to neutralize the external medium but als... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959939 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959938&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shin S, Chang DE, Pan JG Escherichia coli excretes acetate during aerobic growth on glycolytic carbon sources, which has been explained as an overflow metabolism when the carbon flux into the cell exceeds the capacity of central metabolic pathways. Nonacetogenic growth of E. coli on gluconeogenic carbon sources like succinate or in carbon-limited slow growth conditions is believed an evidence for the explanation. However, we found that a strain defected in the acs (acetyl Co-A synthetase) gene, the product of which is involved in scavenging acetate, accumulated acetate even in succinate medium and in carbon-limited low growth rate condition, where as its isogenic parental strain did not. The acs promoter was inducible in noncatabolite repression condition, whereas the expressi... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959938 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959937&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yan D, Bao HY, Bau T, Li Y, Kim YH The bioassay-guided fractionation of MeOH extract from Naematoloma fasciculare afforded a petroleum ether fraction (NFPF) and four known compounds, which showed good antitumor activities to inhibit MCF-7 cell line proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in H22 implanted mice in vivo. In addition, a number of unsaturated aliphatic acids were identified in NFPF by GC analysis. These results showed that NFPF inhibits tumor growth through the activity of unsaturated aliphatic acids together with two active compounds, ergosterol peroxide (1: 62.17 mg/g in NFPF) and ergosterol (2: 3.13 mg/g in NFPF), and indicate the potential utility of NFPF as an antitumor drug. PMID: 19884770 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotech... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959937 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959936&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Young-Hee K, Ryoo IJ, Choo SJ, Xu GH, Lee S, Seok SJ, Bae K, Yoo ID Clitocybin D, a novel human neutrophil elastase inhibitor, was isolated from the culture broth of Clitocybe aurantiaca. This compound was purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. The compound was determined to be 4-(4,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-3Hisoindol- 1-yl)-benzoic acid on the basis of 1D and 2D NMRs and MS spectroscopic analysis. Analysis of the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory activity of the isolated compound revealed that it showed significan HNE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 17.8 micronM. PMID: 19884771 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959936 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959935&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keum YS, Lee YJ, Lee YH, Kim JH Several bioactive metabolites, including pyrrolnitrin, Nacylhomoserine lactones, and polyhydroxyalkanoates were isolated from Burkholderia sp. O33. Effects of various nutrients, including sugars, gluconolactone, glycerol, tryptophan, chloride, and zinc were investigated in relation to the production of these metabolites. Logarithmic increase of pyrrolnitrin was observed between 2-5 days and reached a maximum at 7-10 days. Tryptophan concentration reached the maximum at 3 days, whereas 7-chlorotryptophan was gradually increased throughout the studies. Among various carbon sources, gluconolactone, trehalose, and glycerol enhanced pyrrolnitrin production, whereas strong inhibitory effects were found with glucose. Relative concentrations of pyrrolni... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959935 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959934&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alain S L, Yang G, Nenkep VN, Siwe XN, Feng Z, Khong TT, Choi HD, Kang JS, Son BW Geraniol (1) is the biogenetic precursor of a number of monoterpenes. We tested various marine-derived microorganisms to determine their ability to biotransform 1. Only Myrothecium sp. was capable of transforming 1 into its oxidized derivative, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-(E)-oct- 2-ene (2). The structure of the metabolite obtained was assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analyses. PMID: 19884773 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959934 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959933&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884774%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we prepared lactosucrose from lactose and sucrose using a levansucrase derived from Zymomonas mobilis. Optimum conditions for lactosucrose formation were 23 degrees , pH 7.0, 18.0% (w/v) lactose monohydrate, and 18% (w/v) sucrose as substrates, and 1 unit of enzyme/ml of reaction mixture. Under these conditions, the lactosucrose conversion efficiency was 28.5%. The product was purified and confirmed to be O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or lactosucrose. A mixed-enzyme system containing a levansucrase and a glucose oxidase was applied in order to increase the efficiency of lactose and sucrose conversion to lactosucrose, which rose to 43.2% as s result. PMID: 19884774 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal o... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959933 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959932&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vu VH, Kim K Ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of low-value rice wine cake (RWC) without cooking was investigated. RWC is the filtered solid waste of fermented rice wine mash and contains 53% of raw starch. RWC slurry was mixed with raw-starch-digesting enzyme of Rhizopus sp. and yeast for SSF. The yeast strain used was selected from 300 strains for RWC fermentation and identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae KV25. High efficiency (94%) of ethanol production was achieved at optimal condition of uncooked RWC slurry containing 23.03% of starch. The optimal SSF condition determined was 1.125 unit of raw-starch-digesting enzyme per one gram of RWC, 30 degrees of fermentation temperature, 4.5 of pH slurry, 36 h-age of seeding culture, initial... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959932 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959931&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang CJ, Guo SH, Chung SC, Lin YJ, Chen CY An antifungal chitinase, ChiCW, produced by Bacillus cereus 28-9 is effective against conidial germination of Botrytis elliptica, the causal agent of lily leaf blight. ChiCW as a modular enzyme consists of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a fibronectin type-III-like domain, and a chitinbinding domain. When two C-terminal domains of ChiCW were truncated, ChiCW¥ÄFC (lacking the chitin-binding domain and fibronectin type III-like domain) lost its antifungal activity. Since ChiCW¥ÄC (lacking the chitinbinding domain) could not be expressed in Escherichia coli as ChiCW¥ÄFC did, a different strategy based on protein engineering technology was designed to investigate the involvement of... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959931 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959930&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884777%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, S-layer genes were sequenced and expressed in E. coli to characterize the function of S-layer proteins with this particular strain. L. crispatus ZJ001 harbored two Slayer genes slpA and slpB, and only slpA gene was expressed in the bacterium, as revealed by RT-PCR and immunoassays. The mature SlpA showed 47% amino acid sequence identity to SlpB. The SlpA and SlpB of L. crispatus ZJ001 were highly homologous at the C-terminal region to other Lactobacillus S-layer proteins, but were substantially variable at N-terminal and middle regions. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that His-slpA expressed in E. coli was able to form a sheet-like structure similar to the natural S-layer, but His-slpB formed as disclike structures. In the cell binding experiments, HeLa cells were ab... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959930 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959929&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884778%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Naganagouda K, Salimath PV, Mulimani VH A thermostable extracellular beta-mannanase from the culture supernatant of a fungus Aspergillus niger gr was purified to homogeneity. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme showed a single protein band of molecular mass 66 kDa. The beta- mannanase exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.5 and 55 degrees . It was thermostable at 55 degrees , and retained 50% activity after 6 h at 55deg;. The enzyme was stable at a pH range of 3.0 to 7.0. The metal ions Hg2+, Cu2+, and Ag2+ inhibited complete enzyme activity. The inhibitors tested, EDTA, PMSF, and 1,10-phenanthroline, did not inhibit the enzyme activity. N-Bromosuccinimide completely inhibited enzyme activity. The relative substrate specificity of enzyme towards the various mannans is in th... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959929 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959928&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chi WJ, Song JH, Oh EA, Park SW, Chang YK, Kim ES, Hong SK The expression vector pWHM3-TR1R2, which contains sprT encoding Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT) and two positive regulatory genes (sgtR1 and sgtR2), was introduced into S. griseus IFO13350 and the productivity of SGT by the transformant was investigated in various media. Among the tested media, Ferm-0 gave 1.4 times more trypsin activity than C5/L medium. In addition, replacement of 2% glucose and 1% skim milk in Ferm-0 medium with 2% dextrin and 1% tryptone (named as Ferm-II medium) yielded significantly enhanced trypsin activity, by 4.1-fold, than that of Ferm-0. For simplifying the purification process, the cultural supernatant of S. griseus transformant in Ferm-II medium was fractionated with ammonium sulfate (2... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959928 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959927&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jang MK, Lee DG, Kim NY, Yu KH, Jang HJ, Lee SW, Jang HJ, Lee YJ, Lee SH Whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibitions, and cytotoxicity of neoagarotetraose were measured after purification from hydrolyzed agar by gel filtration chromatography. In melanoma B16F10 cells, melanin content of neoagarotetraose-treated cells was as same as that treated by kojic acid or arbutin. In addition, tyrosinase of melanoma cells was strongly inhibited by neoagarotetraose at a concentration of 1 microng/ml and similarly inhibited at 10 and 100 microng/ml compared to those by arbutin or kojic acid. The activity of mushroom tyrosinase showed a 38% inhibition by neoagarotetraose at 1 microng/ml, and this inhibitory effect was more efficient than that by kojic acid. Neoagarotetraose revealed similar IC... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959927 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959926&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cho KH, Auh JH, Kim JH, Ryu JH, Park KH, Park CS, Yoo SH Corn starches with different amylose contents were enzymatically modified using Thermus aquaticus 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (TAalphaGTase). On treating, chain length distribution of the product became broader (degree of polymerization; DP 3-40) after isoamylolysis when compared to the untreated corn starch. In addition, a variety of different size cycloamyloses were formed by glucanotransferring activity of TAalphaGTase. Cycloamyloses (CAs) with DP 5-40 were detectable in all of the TAalphaGTase-treated corn starches. The amount of CAs produced by the enzyme treatment seems to increase as amylose content of starch increased when judged by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and high-performance size e... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959926 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959925&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim MK, Jeune KH Growth rates, photosystem II photosynthesis, and the levels of chlorophyll a and secondary metabolites of Chlorella ovalis were estimated to determine if they were enhanced by the addition of swine urine (BM) or cow compost water (EP) that had been fermented by soil bacteria to deep seawater (DSW) in an attempt to develop media that enabled batch mass culture at lower costs. Growth of C. ovalis in f/2, f/2-EDTA+BM60%, DSW+BM30%, and DSW+EP60% was enhanced and maintained in the log phase of growth for 16 days. The cell densities of C. ovalis in DSW+EP60% (4.1x106 Cells/ml) were higher than those of f/2 (2.9x106 Cells/ml), f/2-E+BM60% (3.7x106 Cells/ml), and DSW+BM30% (2.7 inverted exclamation mark¿106 Cells/ml). The growth rate was also more favorable for ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959925 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959924&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Islam MR, Madhaiyan M, Deka Boruah HP, Yim W, Lee G, Saravanan VS, Fu Q, Hu H, Sa T The search for diverse plant growth-promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria is gaining momentum as efforts are made to exploit them as biofertilizers for various economically important crops. In the present study, 17 diazotrophic strains belonging to eight different genera isolated from rice paddy fields were screened for multiple PGP traits and evaluated for their inoculation effects on canola and rice plants. All of the strains tested positive for 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and production of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia (NH3). Additionally, four of the strains were able to solubilize phosphorus (P), five tested positive for zinc (Zn) solubilization and... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959924 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959923&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roh JY, Liu Q, Choi JY, Wang Y, Shim HJ, Xu HG, Choi GJ, Kim JC, Je YH To construct a new recombinant strain of Bacillus velezensis that has antifungal and insecticidal activity via the expression of the insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein, a B. thuringiensis expression vector (pHT1K-1Ac) was generated that contained the B. thuringiensis cry1Ac gene under the control of its endogenous promoter in a minimal E. coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pHT1K). This vector was introduced into a B. velezensis isolate that showed high antifungal activities against several plant diseases, including rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), rice sheath blight (Rhizotonia solani), tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and wheat leaf rust ... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959923 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959922&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suthar H, Hingurao K, Desai A, Nerurkar A The selective plugging strategy of microbial enhanced oil recovery involves the use of microbes that grow and produce exopolymeric substances, which block the high permeability zones of an oil reservoir, thus allowing the water to flow through the low permeability zones leading to increase in oil recovery. Bacillus licheniformis TT33, a hot water spring isolate, is facultatively anaerobic, halotolerant, and thermotolerant. It produces EPS as well as biosurfactant and has a biofilm-forming ability. The viscosity of its cell-free supernatant is 120 mPas at 28oC. Its purified EPS contained 26% carbohydrate and 3% protein. Its biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 34mN/m. This strain gave 27.7+/-3.5% oil recovery in... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959922 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959921&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JH, Stein B Susceptibilities of major enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains to antimicrobial agents and the cytotoxicity of these agents were examined using a total of 38 strains of E. coli O26, O111, and O157, which are the major serogroups of EHEC. Among the 38 strains, 35, 36, and 36 were susceptible to amikacin, imipenem and norfloxacin, respectively. These antimicrobial agents were further examined to determine their cytotoxicity on Vero cells as well as their effect on the release of Shiga toxins along with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Each of the E. coli O26, O111, and O157 strains containing both stx1and stx2 genes were grown in the absence or presence of these agents at 1/4 minimal inhibitory concentration for 6 h, 12 h, and 18 h. At the concentrati... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959921 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959920&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Rehman G, Sohn EY, Shah AA, Kim SK, Joo GJ, Lee IJ Endophytic fungi are known for the production of valuable metabolites, but information on the gibberellin production capacity of this group is limited. We isolated 9 endophytic fungi from the roots of salt-stressed soybean plants and screened them on waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungal strains. The fungal isolate TK- 2-4 gave maximum plant length (20.35 cm) promotion in comparison with wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi (19.5 cm). In a separate experiment, bioassay of TK-2-4 promoted plant length and biomass of soybean cultivar Taegwangkong. The TK-2-4 culture filtrate was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins, and it was found that all physiologically active gibberelli... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959920 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959919&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang S, Wu H, Qiao J, Ma L, Liu J, Xia Y, Gao X Bacillus spp., as a type of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), were studied with regards promoting plant growth and inducing plant systemic resistance. The results of greenhouse experiments with tobacco plants demonstrated that treatment with the Bacillus spp. significantly enhanced the plant height and fresh weight, while clearly lowering the disease severity rating of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). The TMV accumulation in the young non-inoculated leaves was remarkably lower for all the plants treated with the Bacillus spp. An RTPCR analysis of the signaling regulatory genes Coi1 and NPR1, and defense genes PR-1a and PR-1b, in the tobacco treated with the Bacillus spp. revealed an ass... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959919 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959918&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sorlozano A, Soria I, Roman J, Huertas P, Soto MJ, Piedrola G, Gutierrez J We assessed the capacity of two liquid-medium culture methods with automated incubation and reading systems (MB/BacT ALERT 3D System and BACTEC MGIT 960 System) and one solid-medium culture method (Löwenstein- Jensen) to detect mycobacteria in different types of clinical samples. Out of 1,770 cultured clinical samples (1,519 of respiratory origin and 251 of nonrespiratory origin), mycobacteria were isolated in 156 samples (135 M. tuberculosis complex, 8 M. chelonae, 6 M. kansasii, 4 M. fortuitum, 2 M. gordonae, and 1 M. marinum) by at least one of the methods used. The BACTEC MGIT 960 System proved to be the most sensitive method (86.5%), especially in the detection of M. tuberculosis complex (89.1... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959918 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959917&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884790%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, no vancomycin-resistant isolate was observed. The Malaysian MDR MRSA isolates were mostly SCCmec type III and negative for PVL. These strains were genetically distinct from the SCCmec type IV strains, which were sensitive to SXT, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Only two strains were SCCmec IV and PVL-positive. The infections in the hospital concerned were probably caused by multiple subtypes of MRSA. PMID: 19884790 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959917 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959916&cid=s_37908_70_f&fid=37908&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19884791%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SR, Kim SH, Jeong KJ, Kim KS, Kim YH, Kim SJ, Kim E, Kim JW, Chang KT To develop low endotoxic and multi-immunogenic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a deletion mutant of the msbB gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was used as a source of low endotoxic OMV, and an expression vector of the canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 epitope fused to the bacterial OmpA protein was constructed and transformed into the Salmonella yenAmsbB mutant. In a lethality test, BALB/c mice injected intraperitoneally with the Salmonella yenAmsbB mutant survived for 7 days, whereas mice injected intraperitoneally with the wild type survived for 3 days. Moreover, all mice inoculated orally with the yenAmsbB mutant survived for 30 days, but 80% of mice inoculated orally with the... Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959916 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959916