MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Neural Transmission' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:43:12 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639504&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg226t0216v46531t%2F Abstract   COMT Val 158 Met polymorphism has been associated with both symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD): that is, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) often comorbid with ADHD. The aim of this study was to test the association between COMT Val 158 Met polymorphism and the presence of DBD in children with ADHD (n = 516). Homozygous Val/Val children showed a higher prevalence of ADHD comorbid with DBD (χ 2 = 5.762; p = 0.016; OR = 1.58; CI95% = 1.07–2.35). Our findings replicate previous results and suggest a role for COMT in the etiology of DBD in children and adolescents with ADHD. Content Type Journal ArticleCatego... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639504 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:50:16 +0100 5639504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621269&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq14123444k1rh7p2%2F In this study, we applied microiontophoresis to extracellular in vivo recordings to investigate the effect of NO-active compounds on GABA-evoked responses in the globus pallidus (GP) of anesthetized rats. The changes induced by NO-active drugs on the GABA-induced inhibition were used as indicators of NO modulation. The response to GABA release was tested on recorded GP neurons before and during the administration of S-nitroso-glutathione (SNOG, a NO donor) and/or Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS); furthermore, SNOG and l-NAME were tested at different ejection currents in order to highlight the possibility of a current-dependent effect in the nitrergic modulation of GABA transmission. In general, during SNOG ejection the magnitude of... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621269 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:58:55 +0100 5621269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621270&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8837878733v27531%2F Abstract  Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids, 80% of which is catabolised in the extrahepatic tissues by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway. Metabolites along the kynurenine pathway have been implicated to play a role in the pathomechanism of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Changes in the concentration levels of kynurenines can shift the balance to pathological conditions. The ability to influence the metabolism towards the neuroprotective branch of the kynurenine pathway, i.e. towards kynurenic acid (KYNA) synthesis, may be one option in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Three potential therapeutic strategies could be feasible to develop drugs to live up to expectations: (1) chemically r... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621270 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:58:54 +0100 5621270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5584658&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa62386qv327924r8%2F Abstract  Hemifacial spasm is characterized by intermittent tonic or clonic contractions of the muscles supplied by the facial nerve. Although vision is less impaired than in patients with blepharospasm, the disease can impose significant psychosocial burden on patient’s life. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the well-established pharmacotherapy of choice, but evidence from controlled clinical trials is sparse. There is a broad variety of rating scales used in clinical studies with BoNT and obviously no consensus has been reached how to assess treatment outcome in hemifacial spasm. Clinical rating scales focusing on objective function were used in a couple of controlled studies with BoNT and were appropriate to discriminate between BoNTA and placebo. But it has not been shown th... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5584658 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:25 +0100 5584658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5584660&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8303832241rq1573%2F Abstract  Although amphetamine drugs can damage dopaminergic axons, it is unknown whether chronic treatment with amphetamine increases the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Of 1,152 consecutive PD patients, 3 had a prior diagnosis of narcolepsy. This rate is five times higher than expected (p = 0.02). These patients had typical onset of narcolepsy and underwent treatment with amphetamine. Although preliminary, this observation raises the possibility that some factors intrinsic to narcolepsy or its treatment may be a risk factor for PD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Disorders - Short communicationPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0761-zAuthors Chadwick W. Christine, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 400... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5584660 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:21 +0100 5584660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5584659&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhp185276h175x148%2F This study focused on the difference between pre-morbid and current hand preference of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). A survey instrument comprised items measuring pre-morbid and current hand preference and question related to the side of occurrence of initial symptoms. These questions were administered to 471 PD patients. The results show a significant change of pre-morbid right hand preference toward using the left when the side of PD onset was on the right hand and vice versa. Disease duration does not predict the amount of hand preference shift. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Disorders - Short communicationPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0759-6Authors Jan Štochl, Department of Kinanthropology, Charles University in Prague, Jose Martiho 31, 162 52 P... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5584659 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:21 +0100 5584659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5584661&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp572n577571u5124%2F Abstract  The concentration of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is in the nanomolar range, is known to decrease in epilepsy. The experimental data suggest that treatment with l-KYN dose dependently increases the concentration of the neuroprotective KYNA in the brain, which itself hardly crosses the blood–brain barrier. However, it is suggested that new synthetic KYNA analogs may readily cross the blood–brain barrier. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a new KYNA analog administered systemically in a sufficient dose results in a decreased population spike activity recorded from the pyramidal layer of area CA1 of the hippocampus, and also provides protection against pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptiform seizures. Content Type Journal... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5584661 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:20 +0100 5584661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573043&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl3208h23874v5736%2F Abstract  Several studies in animals and humans have indicated that familiarity toward cues reduces cue-conditioning effects. The influence of familiarity of a context on context conditioning has been confirmed in animal studies only. Thus, this study examined contextual fear conditioning in humans depending on pre-exposure to the to-be-conditioned context. To accomplish this, a virtual reality paradigm presented via a head mounted display was realized. During conditioning, participants were exposed to one of two office rooms (contexts), of which one became associated with aversive electric stimuli (UCS). 1 day before conditioning, participants were randomly exposed to either the later to-be-conditioned context (n = 20) or to an unrelated virtual environment (... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573043 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:49:14 +0100 5573043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573044&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv09p44v1x2237503%2F Abstract  It has been demonstrated that experiences taking place early in life have a profound influence on brain development, interacting with the genetic background and determining differences in the vulnerability to the onset of bipolar disorder when the individual is exposed to a second adverse event later in life. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to an early adverse life event (maternal deprivation) and to a later adverse life event [d-amphetamine (AMPH)] on cognition in an animal model of mania. We have previously demonstrated that that repeated AMPH exposure produces severe and persistent cognitive impairment, which was more pronounced when the animals were maternal deprived, suggesting that the early adverse life event could be potentiating the effects o... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573044 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 16:59:44 +0100 5573044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573045&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl0338818162637mj%2F In conclusion, the present study suggests that sildenafil may enhance the activity of antidepressant drugs which exhibit cholinolytic activity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0756-9Authors Katarzyna Socała, Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandDorota Nieoczym, Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, PolandElżbieta Wyska, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, PolandEwa Poleszak, Chair and Department of Applied Ph... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573045 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:57:58 +0100 5573045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573046&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F411318x3746kv228%2F Abstract  It is usually assumed that kynurenic acid (KYNA) modifies neuronal function because it antagonizes the glycine site of the NMDA receptors and/or the neuronal cholinergic α7 nicotine receptors. It is not clear, however, whether the basal levels of KYNA found in brain extracellular spaces are sufficient to interact with these targets. Another reported target for KYNA is GPR35, an orphan receptor negatively coupled to Gi proteins. GPR35 is expressed both in neurons and other cells (including glia, macrophages and monocytes). KYNA affinity for GPR35 in native systems has not been clarified and the low-affinity data widely reported in the literature for the interaction between KYNA and human or rat GPR35 have been obtained in modified expression systems. Possibly by in... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573046 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:57:56 +0100 5573046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573047&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa0lv5l32u8425232%2F In this study, male Wistar rats that had access to normal drinking water, or water containing 0.1% (w/v) EGCG, ad libitum received TBI at 10 weeks of age. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of nestin-positive cells around the damaged area after TBI in the EGCG treatment group increased significantly compared with the normal water group (P < 0.05). However, the number of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine-, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-positive cells and the level of peroxidation around the damaged area after TBI significantly decreased in the EGCG treatment group when compared with the water group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in contrast to the EGCG group, almost all ssDNA-positive cells in the water group co-localized with NeuN an... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573047 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 06:44:13 +0100 5573047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573048&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2287u640k05n1833%2F Abstract  The continuous production and efflux of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species from endogenous and exogenous sources can damage biological molecules and initiate a cascade of events. Mitochondria are pivotal in controlling cell survival and death. Cumulative oxidative stress, disrupted mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial damage are related with various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and others. Biochemical cascades of apoptosis are mediated in signaling molecules, including protein kinases and transcription factors. The expressions in the pro-apoptotic signal transduction networks may indeed promote cell death and degeneration in brain cells. The regulation of that protein phosphorylation by kinases and phos... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573048 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 06:44:12 +0100 5573048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553295&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F34704363h5270580%2F Abstract  The key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is selective degeneration of the neuromelanin (NM)-pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). NM, like other risk factors, such as oxidative stress (OS) and α-synuclein (α-syn), is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. But whether or not NM synergizes with α-syn or OS in the pathogenesis of PD remains unexplored. In the present study, we examined the effects of NM on cellular viability, apoptosis and free radical production in α-syn over-expressing human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH) in the presence or absence of the oxidizer Fenton’s Reagent (FR). We showed that NM synergized with FR in suppressing cell viability, and in inducing apoptosis and hydroxyl radical production in all S... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553295 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 16:46:36 +0100 5553295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553296&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh686802833624472%2F Abstract  Targeting mechanisms that result in increased concentrations of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the brain has been considered as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of epilepsy and certain neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, KYNA has been implicated in the effects produced by the high-fat and low-protein/carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) in a report demonstrating an increased production of KYNA in vitro by one of the ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyrate, elevated by the KD. To further explore this association, brain concentrations of KYNA were compared in young (3 weeks old) and adult (8–10 weeks old) rats that were chronically exposed to the KD and regular diet. Exposure to the KD resulted in the anticipated elevations of β-hydroxybutyrate with accompany... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553296 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 16:46:35 +0100 5553296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526955&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4516032172570k08%2F Abstract  Previous studies indicate disturbed olfactory functions in anorexia nervosa with presumable relationship to the clinical symptom of food aversion and weight loss. However, these studies are in part limited due to inadequately matched control samples, insufficient exclusion criteria, complex interactions of the olfactory and trigeminal system, and the lack of regard to co-morbidity and medication. Thus, we investigated olfactory function in 26 female adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa and 23 healthy controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and intelligence. No significant group differences were identified. Controlling for co-morbid disorders, psychopharmacological treatment, and depressivity revealed superior olfactory identification performance in the ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526955 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 16:51:46 +0100 5526955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516346&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1078251367173j75%2F Abstract  The mammalian prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in a variety of motivational and emotional processes underlying working memory, attention and decision making. The PFC receives dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and contains high density of D1 and D2 receptors and these projections are important in higher integrative cortical functions. The neurons of the PFC have been shown to undergo atrophy in response to stress. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that the chronic stress-induced atrophy of hippocampal neurons and behavioral impairment in the T-maze task were reversed by the activation of dopaminergic pathway by intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) of the VTA. The stress-induced decrease in hippocampal dopamine (DA) levels ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516346 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 17:06:21 +0100 5516346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506733&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1276080w526pt023%2F Abstract  Pneumococcal meningitis is a severe infectious disease of the central nervous system, associated with acute inflammation and might cause damage to the host, such as deafness, blindness, seizure, and learning deficits. However, infectious diseases can play a significant role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disturbances. In this context, we evaluated depressive-like parameters; corticosterone and ACTH levels in pneumococcal meningitis surviving rats. Wistar rats underwent a magna cistern tap receiving either 10 μL sterile saline or a Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension at the concentration of 5 × 109 cfu/mL. After 3 days of meningitis induction procedure, the animals were treated with imipramine at 10 mg/kg or saline for 14 da... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506733 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:06:18 +0100 5506733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506734&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84twp5q238x0v1t2%2F In conclusion, the use of an extensive neuropsychological battery is still recommended in the diagnosis of dementia in PD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Disorders - Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0733-3Authors Francesca Di Biasio, “Sapienza,” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyNicola Vanacore, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, ItalyAlfonso Fasano, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, ItalyNicola Modugno, Neuromed Institute, “Sapienza,” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyBarbara Gandolfi, Neuromed Institute, “Sapienza,” University of Rome, Rome, ItalyFrancesco Lena, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Campobasso, ItalyGiovanni Grillea, Neuromed Institute, “Sapienza,” University of Rome, Rome, ItalySara Pietrac... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506734 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:06:17 +0100 5506734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5495937&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn50n11w115414611%2F Abstract  Calcineurin (CaN)-mediated excitotoxicity impairs γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission and induces neuronal apoptosis. Ca2+-dependent K+–Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) participates in GABAergic inhibitory transmission. However, the mechanism by which CaN mediates GABA receptor-mediated KCC2 in seizures is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the altered expression of KCC2 and the effects of the CaN inhibitor FK506 on KCC2 expression in the mouse hippocampus following kainic acid (KA) treatment. FK506 was injected twice 24 h and 30 min before KA treatment and then mice were treated with KA and killed 2 days later. FK506 had anticonvulsant effect on KA-induced seizure activities. CaN cleavage was evident in the hippocampus 24... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5495937 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 16:55:18 +0100 5495937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5495938&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F61x447366730451r%2F Abstract  Cannabinoids affect positive and negative affective experience and emotional perception, possibly by modulating limbic brain reactivity. In this double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans, an acute oral dose of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) attenuated subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) reactivity during the induction of negative affect. This observation extends prior findings implicating a cortico-limbic, emotion-related central mechanism underlying cannabinoid function. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Biological Psychiatry - Short communicationPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0747-xAuthors Christine A. Rabinak, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 42... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5495938 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 16:55:17 +0100 5495938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5495940&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcl546376t228748t%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0748-9Authors László Vécsei, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, 6725 Hungary Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5495940 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 16:55:15 +0100 5495940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5495939&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5388646224t47045%2F Abstract  Heavy smoking and schizophrenia are diversely associated with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression, as was shown for brain and lymphocytes. Most studies so far have not systematically differentiated between schizophrenia smokers and non-smokers and were confined either to in vivo or post-mortem study approaches. In order to avoid variable in vivo influences or post-mortem bias, we used stably transformed B-lymphoblast cultures derived from healthy and schizophrenia subjects stratified for smoking versus non-smoking in order to differentiate these clinical conditions with regard to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression and regulation. Receptor quantities were measured using [3H]-nicotine and [3H]-epibatidine binding. At baseline, [3H]-nicotine binding w... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5495939 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 16:55:15 +0100 5495939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5488492&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22797672k7141343%2F Abstract  Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder with a global prevalence of 1% and its etiology remains poorly understood. In the current study we investigated the influence of antipsychotic drugs on the effects of MK-801 administration, which is a drug that mimics biochemical changes observed in schizophrenia, on Na+, K+-ATPase activity and some parameters of oxidative stress in zebrafish brain. Our results showed that MK-801 treatment significantly decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and all antipsychotics tested prevented such effects. Acute MK-801 treatment did not alter reactive oxygen/nitrogen species by 2′7′-dichlorofluorscein (H2DCF) oxidation assay, but increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), when compared with controls.... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5488492 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:42:28 +0100 5488492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477997&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg0655mj06l476480%2F In this study, 15 ADHD children and 15 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched control children were scanned with a 3-T MRI equipment while performing a simplified letter Go/No-go task. The results showed more brain activation in the ADHD group compared with the control group, whereas the accuracy and reaction time of behavioral performance were the same. Children with ADHD did not activate the normal RI brain circuits, which are thought to be predominantly located in the right middle/inferior frontal gyrus (BA46/44), right inferior parietal regions (BA40), and pre-SMA(BA6), but instead, activated brain regions, such as the left inferior frontal cortex, the right inferior temporal cortex, the right precentral gyrus, the left postcentral gyrus, the inferior occipital cortex, the middle occipital c... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477997 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:14:07 +0100 5477997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477998&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp101726p20616183%2F Abstract  There are circumferential evidences that major depression is associated with mild pro-inflammatory state. Both physiological and psychological stress can induce increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypothalamo–hypophyseal–adrenal axis disturbances. While both pro-inflammatory mediators and ROS could activate the tryptophan breakdown and kynurenine pathway with a shift toward the neurotoxic arm, chronic hypercortisolism could also enhance tryptophan breakdown and induce neurodegenerative changes. The imbalanced kynurenine metabolism in terms of neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects was demonstrated in major depression, and in drug-induced neuropsychiatric side effects, such as interferon-treated depression. The ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477998 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:14:06 +0100 5477998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477999&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7357226255148477%2F This study sought to investigate the possible correlation of several immunological and biochemical markers with Tourette’s syndrome. Children with Tourette’s syndrome attending a tertiary pediatric medical center from May 2008 to April 2010, and healthy age-matched control subjects underwent a comprehensive biochemical and immunological work-up. Demographic data were abstracted from the medical records. Findings were compared between the groups and analyzed statistically. Sixty-eight children with Tourette’s syndrome (58 males, 85.3%) and 36 healthy children (25 males, 69.4%) were recruited. Compared with the control group, the Tourette’s syndrome group had significantly higher levels of ferritin (p = 0.01) and hemoglobin (p = 0.02), a lower level of zinc (... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477999 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:14:05 +0100 5477999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5470269&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fex18596458855505%2F Abstract  In the present study, we performed antibody-capture guanosine-5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) scintillation proximity assay (SPA), in which immuno-capture of Gα subunits following [35S]GTPγS binding was combined with SPA technology, in rat brain membranes. Preliminary experiments using a series of agonists and commercially available anti-Gα antibodies indicated the increase in specific [35S]GTPγS binding to Gαq determined with the anti-Gα antibody sc-393 and evoked by carbamylcholine chloride (CCh) was pharmacologically relevant. The experimental conditions were optimized as for the concentrations of GDP, MgCl2, and NaCl, the dilution of the anti-Gαq antibody, and membrane protein contents incubated. Under the optimized conditions, CCh-stimulated... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5470269 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:39:29 +0100 5470269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423716&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0u00685x63003864%2F Abstract  Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common origin of dementia in the elderly. Although the cause of AD remains unknown, several factors have been identified that appear to play a critical role in the development of this debilitating disorder. In particular, amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau hyperphosphorylation, and the secretase enzymes, have become the focal point of recent research. Over the last two decades, several transgenic and non-transgenic animal models have been developed to elucidate the mechanistic aspects of AD and to validate potential therapeutic targets. Transgenic rodent models over-expressing human β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) and mutant forms of tau have become precious tools to study and understand the pathogenesis of AD at the ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423716 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:58:46 +0100 5423716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423717&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff0k461828q787r13%2F Abstract  Selegiline (R-deprenyl), a monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, has complex pharmacological effect that contributes to treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and presumably Alzheimer’s disease and might work as an inhibitor of tumor growth. In respect of tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, the controlled modifications of adhesion and migration have high therapeutic significance. In the present study, our purpose was to investigate cell physiological responses (adhesion, chemotaxis and proliferation) induced by selegiline, its metabolites and synthetic derivatives and to find some correlations between the molecular structure and the reported antitumor behavior of the derivatives. Our results demonstrated that both R- and S-deprenyls ha... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423717 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:58:45 +0100 5423717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410435&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8737w50g768814j2%2F Abstract  Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory motor dysfunctions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The corpus callosum (CC) is affected in AD already at early stages consistent with the hypothesis that AD patients exhibit alterations in transcallosally mediated motor inhibition (ipsilateral silent period, iSP). Therefore, here we aimed at investigating the integrity not only of intra-, but also of inter-hemispheric mechanisms of cortical motor excitability in AD. We determined the iSP, the resting motor threshold (RMT), and the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEP) in 19 AD patients and 19 healthy controls using single-pulse TMS. Furthermore, we used paired-pulse TMS to study the intra-cortical inhibition (ICI) and int... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410435 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 16:53:49 +0100 5410435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410436&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8v7863668136t411%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0728-0Authors Manfred Gerlach, Laboratory for Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyPeter Riederer, Laboratory for Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyDieter Scheller, Department Pharmacology of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, CNS Research UCB Pharma S.A, Chemin Du Foriest, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOn... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410436 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:51:36 +0100 5410436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410437&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1g6w5857086m5j8%2F In conclusion, we identified several loci associated with AWS. These findings offer the potential for new insights into the pathogenesis of AD and AWS. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0729-zAuthors Ke-Sheng Wang, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614-1700, USAXuefeng Liu, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614-1700, USAQunyuan Zhang, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USALong-Yang Wu, Department of... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410437 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 06:46:41 +0100 5410437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410438&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa32171l0568g1h36%2F Abstract  Based on our theory, we have discovered main triplets of amino acid residues in the GABAB1 receptor and several other neural receptors, which seem to originate from toll-like receptors and appear also as homologies in receptor heteromers. The obtained results strengthen our hypothesis that these triplets may ‘guide-and-clasp’ receptor–receptor interactions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0734-2Authors Alexander O. Tarakanov, St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, RussiaKjell G. Fuxe, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenDasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Department of Ne... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410438 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 16:50:54 +0100 5410438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410441&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk222m5654222700m%2F Abstract  Dysarthria is a prominent feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and consists—amongst other features—of impaired speech fluency. Since in Parkinson’s disease (PD) steadiness of syllable repetition in the course of the performance has been shown to be impaired, the aim of the present study was to investigate if measurement of syllable repetition shows similar or even more pronounced abnormalities in PSP. Thirty six patients with the clinical diagnosis of PSP (16 PSP-Richardson syndrome/PSP-RS and 20 PSP-parkinsonism/PSP-P), 60 patients with PD and 32 healthy speakers were tested. Participants had to repeat a single syllable in a self chosen isochronous pace. Percental coefficient of variance (COV) of interval length was measured for description of pa... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410441 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:13:11 +0100 5410441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410440&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbk717722w214146q%2F Abstract  CSF biomarker studies were performed in 6 patients each with tremor-dominant (TD) and non-tremor-dominant (NT) Parkinson disease (PD) patients, 27 Alzheimer disease (AD) and 17 age-matched controls. In both NT-PD and AD patients total tau levels and the cortex tau/Aβ-42 were significantly increased compared to both TD-PD patients and controls (p < 0.01). These data in a small cohort confirm previous studies, corroborating the opinion that CSF levels of tau protein and the index total-tau/Aβ-42 may be potential markers of the severity of neurodegeneration in PD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Disorders - Short communicationPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0736-0Authors Kurt A. Jellinger, Wein, Austria Journal Journal of Neura... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410440 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:13:11 +0100 5410440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410439&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3936472k3154054k%2F Abstract  Rasagiline and (−)deprenyl (selegiline), irreversible type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) inhibitors, protect neuronal cells through gene induction of pro-survival Bcl-2 and neurotrophic factors in the cellular models of neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, the role of MAO in the up-regulation of neuroprotective Bcl-2 gene by these inhibitors was studied using type A MAO (MAO-A) expressing wild SH-SY5Y cells and the transfection-enforced MAO-B overexpressed cells. Rasagiline and (−)deprenyl, and also befloxatone, a reversible MAO-A inhibitor, increased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in SH-SY5Y cells. Silencing MAO-A expression with short interfering (si) RNA suppressed Bcl-2 induction by rasagiline, but not by (−)deprenyl. MAO-B overexpression inhibited Bcl-2 indu... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410439 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:13:11 +0100 5410439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410443&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh3737402l0080r3k%2F Abstract  The main purpose of this study was to facilitate the delivery of kynurenic acid (KYNA) across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by applying micelles as nanoscale containers. Non-ionic amphiphilic molecules were used for preparation of spherical micelles for delivery of kynurenic acid in aqueous solution in physiological condition. It was established that Triton X 100 and Lutensol AP 20 non-ionic surfactants are able to produce stable nanocontainers for delivery of kynurenic acid molecules. The incorporation of KYNA molecules was investigated by dynamic light scattering and the size of micelles were calculated between 5 and 10 nm in 150 mM NaCl and pH 7.5–7.6 solutions. Encapsulated kynurenic acid showed a significantly higher blood–brain barrier permeab... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410443 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:13:10 +0100 5410443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410442&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2118584270512013%2F Abstract  Parkinson’s disease (PD) arises from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is well known to cause Parkinsonism in humans with neurotoxicity specific for dopaminergic neurons. The experience with MPTP supports the hypothesis that endogenous or xenobiotic neurotoxins are involved in the pathogenesis of PD in humans. In our study, 1-acetyl-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (ADTIQ), a novel compound, was found in frozen human brain tissues. The formation of ADTIQ was demonstrated using dopamine and methylglyoxal under physiological conditions. Methylglyoxal is a by-product of glycolysis. ADTIQ and its precursors, dopamine and methylglyoxal, were detected in different regions o... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410442 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:13:10 +0100 5410442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410444&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1l542650064526r5%2F Abstract  Altered glucose metabolism has been described in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We re-investigated the interaction of the insulin (INS) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) genes in AD risk in the Epistasis Project, including 1,757 AD cases and 6,294 controls. Allele frequencies of both SNPs (PPARA L162V, INS intron 0 A/T) differed between Northern Europeans and Northern Spanish. The PPARA 162LL genotype increased AD risk in Northern Europeans (p = 0.04), but not in Northern Spanish (p = 0.2). There was no association of the INS intron 0 TT genotype with AD. We observed an interaction on AD risk between PPARA 162LL and INS intron 0 TT genotypes in Northern Europeans (Synergy factor 2.5, p = 0.016), but not in Nort... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410444 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:13:09 +0100 5410444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389906&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe378064977tj36n3%2F Abstract  Dietary factors may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. In an effort to recapitulate some of the synaptic protein changes observed in the disease, AD transgenic and wild-type mice were fed either a normal or pro-oxidant diet for 3 months from three months of age. Pro-oxidant diet treatment resulted in altered expression of vesicular glutamate transporter-1 and glutamine synthetase, suggesting changes in glutamatergic synaptic function, and increased expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, possibly reflecting oxidative stress. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Dementias - Short communicationPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0727-1Authors Martin Broadstock, King’s College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389906 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 16:50:26 +0100 5389906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5349695&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc534uu275371488m%2F Abstract  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional stage between normal aging and a diagnosis of clinically probable Alzheimer disease (AD). The role of the cholinergic system in MCI is not clearly defined and needs to be further investigated. A transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, the short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), may give direct information about the function of some cholinergic pathways in the human motor cortex. We aimed to evaluate in the present study the relationship of SAI to the specific clinical subtypes of MCI. SAI was examined in 20 patients with amnestic MCI (10 SD, 10 MD), twenty patients with nonamnestic MCI (10 SD, 10 MD) and ten control subjects. Motor threshold, central motor conduction time, intracortical inhibi... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5349695 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 05:47:26 +0100 5349695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5338137&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcr3q5k4741071557%2F Abstract  Repeated stress engenders behavioral sensitization. The mesolimbic dopamine system is critically involved in drug-induced behavioral sensitization. In the present study we examined the differences between adolescent and adult rats in stress-induced behavioral sensitization to amphetamine and changes in dopamine (DA) and its metabolite levels in the mesolimbic system. Adolescent or adult rats were restrained for 2 h, once a day, for 7 days. Three days after the last exposure to stress, the animals were challenged with saline or amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and amphetamine-induced locomotion was recorded for 40 min. Immediately after the behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and amyg... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5338137 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 06:00:14 +0100 5338137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325371&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcrxv16045475w035%2F We examined the DMN in PD patients on dopaminergic medication with normal cognitive performance compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) using fMRI and three methodological procedures: independent component analysis of resting-state data, analysis of deactivation during a complex visual scene-encoding task, and seed-based functional connectivity analysis. In the PD group, we also studied the effect of dopaminergic medication on the DMN integrity. We did not find any difference between the PD and HC groups in the DMN, but using the daily levodopa equivalent dose as a covariate, we observed an enhanced functional connectivity of the DMN in the posterior cingulate cortex and decreased activation in the left parahippocampal gyrus during the cognitive task. We conclude t... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325371 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 10:39:30 +0100 5325371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325372&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff146814673380q2q%2F Abstract  Pharmacological and histological studies of ten new amides of kynurenic acid revealed that N-(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxamide hydrochloride has effective neuroprotective properties. Namely, this molecule is: (1) proved to be an effective inhibitor of excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of the hippocampus both in in vitro and ex vivo studies, (2) in four vessel occlusion model of transient global forebrain ischaemia, measuring the rate of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell loss and preservation of long-term potentiation at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, the neuroprotective potential was represented. N-(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxamide hydrochloride administration significantly diminished hippocampal C... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325372 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 15:46:51 +0100 5325372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316877&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frh181563408n8r01%2F Abstract  The present study was designed to assess the role of 5-HT2A/2C receptors in the acute and repeated effect of clozapine and olanzapine in a rat conditioned avoidance response model, a validated model of antipsychotic activity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats that were previously treated with either phencyclidine (0.5–2.0 mg/kg, sc), amphetamine (1.25–5.0 mg/kg, sc), or saline and tested in a prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle study were used. They were first trained to acquire avoidance response to a white noise (CS1) and a pure tone (CS2) that differed in their ability to predict the occurrence of footshock. Those who acquired avoidance response were administered with clozapine (10.0 mg/kg, sc) or olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, sc) together with eit... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316877 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 15:06:10 +0100 5316877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316878&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff367823838l18733%2F Abstract  Vascular dementia is the second common cause of dementia, only second to Alzheimer’s disease in later life. The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism as a risk factor in vascular dementia has been suggested, but direct evidence from genetic association studies remains inconclusive even in Chinese population. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis in order to evaluate the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and susceptibility to vascular dementia in Chinese population by pooling data from all relevant case–control studies published domestically and abroad from January 1990 to May 2011. 18 case–control studies were selected. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled OR value of vascular dementia subjects in Chinese population with ε4 allele... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316878 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:44:31 +0100 5316878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298203&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx656310x82120762%2F Abstract  The biological potency of botulinum toxin (BT) drugs is determined by a standardised LD50 assay. However, the potency labelling varies vary amongst different BT drugs. One reason for this may be differences in the LD50 assays applied. When five unexpired batches of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) are compared in the Xeomin® batch release assay, the potency variability of both BT drugs fell within the range allowed by the European Pharmacopoiea. Statistical analyses failed to detect differences in the potency labelling of both products. Although the existence of a conversion ratio has been questioned recently, our experimental data are in line with previous clinical experience showing that Botox® and Xeomin® can be compared using a ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298203 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:43:40 +0100 5298203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5287463&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh53481u52jpu0106%2F Abstract  Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD-MCI) shows heterogeneity in the clinical presentation, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and neuropathology, suggesting abnormal metabolic network activities involving several cortical and subcortical systems. Prospective studies using specific biomarkers, including amyloid imaging and CSF biomarkers are important for the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of early cognitive deficits in PD patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Disorders - Short communicationPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0716-4Authors Kurt Jellinger, Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Vienna, Austria Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5287463 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 05:52:07 +0100 5287463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5287462&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2p17431246571l68%2F Abstract  Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder frequent at old age characterized by atrophy of the nigrostriatal projection. Overexpression and A53T-mutation of the presynaptic, vesicle-associated chaperone alpha-synuclein are known to cause early-onset autosomal dominant PD. We previously generated mice with transgenic overexpression of human A53T-alpha-synuclein (A53T-SNCA) in dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons as a model of early PD. To elucidate the early and late effects of A53T-alpha-synuclein on the proteome of dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum, we now investigated expression profiles of young and old mice using two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry. In total, 15 proteins wer... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5287462 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 05:52:07 +0100 5287462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5275593&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg4q62h42735qu016%2F Abstract  Several studies have appointed for a role of glutamatergic system and/or mitochondrial function in major depression. In the present study, we evaluated the creatine kinase and mitochondrial respiratory chain activities after acute and chronic treatments with memantine (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) and imipramine (tricyclic antidepressant) in rats. To this aim, rats were acutely or chronically treated for 14 days once a day with saline, memantine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and imipramine (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg). After acute or chronic treatments, we evaluated mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (I, II, II–III and IV) and creatine kinase activities in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Our results showed that both acute and chron... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5275593 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 05:51:28 +0100 5275593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228098&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg1t331r678q04731%2F In conclusion, these findings strengthen previous data from our laboratory implicating glucocorticoid mechanisms in ECS-induced retrograde amnesia. We suggest that the administration of a selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist shortly before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments may attenuate the deleterious effect of ECT-induced acute hypercortisolemia on neural mechanisms involved in learning and memory. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0712-8Authors Chittaranjan Andrade, Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560 029 IndiaShahid Ahmad Shaikh, Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Heal... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228098 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:48:30 +0100 5228098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228099&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0h257416234h0222%2F In conclusion, this study confirmed that dermal exposure of CPF was able to exert neurotoxic effect in both young and adult mice. However, the quantitative results revealed that adult mice showed more GFAP expression in cerebellum when compared with the young, when exposed to CPF. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0715-5Authors K. Krishnan, School of Pharmacy and Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaN. K. Mitra, Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaL. S. Yee, School of Pharmacy and Health Science, I... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228099 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:48:27 +0100 5228099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211140&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu5v38k712730k06k%2F Abstract  In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the effects of deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPTg-DBS) on gait has been object of international debate. Some evidence demonstrated that, in the late swing-early stance phase of gait cycle, a reduced surface electromyographic activation (sEMG) of tibialis anterior (TA) is linked to the striatal dopamine deficiency in PD patients. In the present study we report preliminary results on the effect of PPTg-DBS on electromyographic patterns during gait in individual PD patients. To evaluate the sEMG amplitude of TA, the root mean square (RMS) of the TA burst in late swing-early stance phase (RMS-A) was normalized as a percent of the RMS of the TA burst in late stance-early swing (RMS-B). We studied three male patie... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211140 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:45:26 +0100 5211140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211138&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4n3702208351515u%2F Abstract  Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. To discover potential key molecules in this process, we utilized cDNA microarray technology to obtain an expression profile of transcripts in MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Using a self-organizing map algorithm, data mining and clustering were combined to identify distinct functional subgroups of genes. We identified alterations in the expression of 81 genes in eight clusters. Among these genes, we verified protein expression patterns of MAP kinase phosphatase 1 and sequestosome 1 using both cell culture and rat brain models of PD. Immunological analyses revea... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211138 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:45:26 +0100 5211138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211139&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkk55446413687132%2F The objective of this study was to use a combined local descriptor, namely scale invariance feature transform (SIFT), and a non linear support vector machine (SVM) technique to automatically classify patients with schizophrenia. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), considered a reliable neuroanatomical marker of the disease, was chosen as region of interest (ROI). Fifty-four schizophrenia patients and 54 age- and gender-matched normal controls were studied with a 1.5T MRI (slice thickness 1.25 mm). Three steps were conducted: (1) landmark detection and description of the DLPFC, (2) feature vocabulary construction and Bag-of-Words (BoW) computation for brain representation, (3) SVM classification which adopted the local kernel to implicitly implement the feature matching. Mo... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211139 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:45:25 +0100 5211139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211141&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa53777m6v00v4505%2F Abstract  The neuromodulating tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is increased in the brain of patients with schizophrenia. In the present study we investigate the spontaneous locomotor activity as well as the locomotor response to d-amphetamine [5 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneal (i.p.)] after increasing endogenous levels of brain KYNA in mice by acute (10 mg/kg, i.p., 60 min) or subchronic (100 mg/kg i.p., twice daily for 6 days) pretreatment with the blood–brain crossing precursor, l-kynurenine. We found that an acute increase in the brain KYNA levels caused increased corner time and percent peripheral activity but did not change the d-amphetamine-induced locomotor response. In contrast, subchronic elevation of KYNA did not change th... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211141 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:45:24 +0100 5211141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211143&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F21j4j42738n71429%2F This study revealed the following results: (1) intrathecal administration of minocycline (a microglial activation inhibitor) could prevent mechanical allodynia during the initiation of SNL-induced neuropathic pain, and its action was associated with the elimination of BDNF overexpression in the dorsal horn; (2) the spinal injection of fluorocitrate (an astrocytic activation inhibitor) but not minocycline could reverse mechanical allodynia during the maintenance phase of SNL-induced pain, and its action was also related to a decrease in BDNF overexpression in the dorsal horn; and (3) treatment with TrkB/Fc (a BDNF-sequestering protein) had a similar effect during both the early development and maintenance periods. These results led to the following conclusions: (1) elevated BDNF expre... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211143 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:56:53 +0100 5211143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211142&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa2532705760320w3%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PrefacePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0711-9 Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211142 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:56:53 +0100 5211142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5211144&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg7m757281871vl3x%2F Abstract  Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. This fact has prompted many attempts to divide PD patients into clinical subgroups. This could lead to a better recognition of pathogenesis, improving targeted treatment and the prognosis of PD patients. The aim of the present study was to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in PD patients and to search for a relationship between neurodegenerative CSF markers (tau protein, beta-amyloid1-42 and index tau protein/beta-amyloid1-42) and the clinical subtypes. PD patients were divided into three subgroups: early disease onset (EDO), tremor-dominant PD (TD-PD), and non-tremor dominant PD (NT-PD) according to the previously published classification. Neurodegen... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5211144 Sun, 04 Sep 2011 10:45:57 +0100 5211144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185594&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw585717583128718%2F Abstract  A significant proportion of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) receiving dopamine replacement therapy in the form of levodopa develop dyskinesia that becomes a major complicating factor in treatment. Dyskinesia can only be effectively treated by a reduction in drug dose, which limits efficacy, by co-administration of the weak NMDA antagonist amantadine or by surgical treatment (pallidotomy, DBS). This raises the important question of why dyskinesia occurs in PD and how it can be avoided or suppressed by pharmacological treatment. This review assesses some of the mechanisms that underlie dyskinesia induction and expression from presynaptic changes in dopaminergic neurones to postsynaptic alterations in basal ganglia function and examines potential approaches ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185594 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:54:33 +0100 5185594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185593&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65465340111h74m8%2F Abstract  The treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is dependent on the use of dopamine replacement therapy in the form of l-dopa and dopamine agonist drugs. However, the development of dyskinesia (chorea, dystonia, athetosis) can become treatment limiting. The initiation of dyskinesia involves a priming process dependent on the presence of nigral dopaminergic cell loss leading to alterations in basal ganglia function that underlie the expression of involuntary movements following the administration of each drug dose. Once established, dyskinesia is difficult to control and it is even more difficult to reverse the priming process. Dyskinesia is more commonly induced by l-dopa than by dopamine agonist drugs. This has been associated with the short dura... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185593 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:54:33 +0100 5185593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185595&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd325633103x6w208%2F Abstract  The aim of the present study was to assess the origin of the substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in Parkinson disease patients. The cause of hyperechogenicity was tested on an animal model. Fresh porcine brains were injected consecutively with ferritin, apoferritin and water. Then, glioma samples were inserted into animal model. The echogenicity of the region of interest was assessed before and after experimental procedures. We observed the same echogenicity of porcine brain before and after injections of iron-loaded ferritin, apoferritin and water. Increased echogenicity of glioma samples compared to surrounding porcine brain tissue could be clearly seen. We postulate that the relative gliosis might be, at least partially, responsible for the increased echogenicit... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185595 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:54:31 +0100 5185595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185596&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpv61874861532316%2F Abstract  Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised was performed in 576 healthy adults to examine whether a functional polymorphism (Asp358Ala) of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) gene is associated with cognitive performance. Verbal intelligence quotient in Asp homozygotes was significantly higher compared to Ala carriers (P = 0.005). Compared to Ala carriers, Asp homozygotes performed better in the verbal subtests requiring long-term memory stores. Elevated IL-6 and soluble IL-6R levels in Ala carriers may have negative impact on acquiring verbal cognitive ability requiring long-term memory. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Short communicationPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0709-3Authors Daimei Sasayama, Departme... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185596 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:56:34 +0100 5185596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176522&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft0573061x25m4453%2F In this study, we reanalyzed the association of this SNP with OCD in an enlarged population of 136 cases (55 previous + 81 new cases) and compared them to 106 newly recruited, healthy, age-matched controls. We also investigated whether this SNP or its copy number variations (CNV) was associated with OCD severity and age of onset. The CNV was analyzed in a DNA region located near rs6311. The results confirmed the association between the A-allele and early onset OCD in children and adolescents, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 [95% CI (1.17, 2.46); p = 0.005]. Strikingly, we found that carriers of one copy (deletion) of the CNV were associated with a very early onset OCD (2.5 years earlier than the typical onset), and they had increased CY-BOCS scores (8.7 points... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176522 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:52 +0100 5176522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5176523&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8q2ttv577304274%2F Abstract  The locomotor effects of (−)- and (+)-OSU6162 were evaluated in ‘low activity’ animals (reserpinized mice and habituated rats) and ‘high activity’ animals (drug-naive mice and non-habituated rats). Both enantiomers of OSU6162 had dual effects on behavior, stimulating locomotor activity in ‘low activity’ animals and inhibiting locomotor activity in ‘high activity’ animals. There were also certain differences between the two enantiomers in their behavioral profiles. The stimulatory effects of both enantiomers in reserpinized mice were blocked by the 5-HT2A selective antagonist M100907, but not by the D2-selective antagonists haloperidol or raclopride, or by the D1-selective antagonists SCH23390 or SCH39166. The stimulatory effect in mice was more pr... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5176523 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:51 +0100 5176523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5164391&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn75124m72116k167%2F Abstract  (−)-OSU6162 has promise for treating Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia. Behavioral tests evaluating the locomotor effects of (−) and (+)-OSU6162 on ‘low activity’ animals (reserpinized mice and habituated rats) and ‘high activity’ animals (drug naive mice and non-habituated rats) revealed that both enantiomers of OSU6162 had dual effects on behavior, stimulating locomotor activity in ‘low activity’ animals and inhibiting locomotor activity in ‘high activity’ animals. To elucidate a plausible mechanism of action for their behavioral effects, we evaluated the intrinsic actions of (−)- and (+)-OSU6162, and a collection of other antipsychotic and antiparkinsonian agents at 5-HT2A and D2 receptors in functional assays ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5164391 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 16:05:42 +0100 5164391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5164392&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft23387473t355856%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1359-1359DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0702-xAuthors Amos D. Korczyn, The Sieratzki Chair of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 Journal Volume Volume 118 Journal Issue Volume 118, Number 9 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5164392 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 15:53:29 +0100 5164392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5164393&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj4xh46735k5j3864%2F In conclusion, these new results suggest a modulatory influence of KYNA on the process of epileptogenesis, characterized by a negative relationship between the KYNA and glutamate systems in the amygdala. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Basic Neurosciences, Genetics and Immunology - Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0700-zAuthors J. Szyndler, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandP. Maciejak, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Street, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandD. Turzyńska, Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Street, 02-957 Warsaw, PolandA... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5164393 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 05:56:39 +0100 5164393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147707&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F36k2411659266126%2F Abstract  Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder the pathomechanism of which is not yet fully known. With regard to the molecular mechanism of development of the disease, oxidative stress/mitochondrial impairment, glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation are certainly involved. Alterations in the kynurenine pathway, the main pathway of the tryptophan metabolism, can contribute to the complex pathomechanism. There are several possibilities for therapeutic intervention involving targeting of this altered metabolic route. The development of synthetic molecules that would shift the altered balance towards the achievement of neuroprotective effects would be of great promise for future clinical studies on PD. Content Type Journal ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147707 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 15:57:59 +0100 5147707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147708&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa27028k874722402%2F In this study methamphetamine (m-AMPH) and dextroamphetamine (d-AMPH) were compared to determine the potency of the two drugs on behavior and oxidative damage in brain of rats. Male adult Wistar rats were given single (acute administration) or repeated (chronic administration, 14 days) intraperitoneal injections of saline (0.9% NaCl), d-AMPH (2 mg/kg) or m-AMPH (0.25, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg). Locomotor activity was evaluated in open-field apparatus 2 h after the last drug injection. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl formation were measured in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and striatum. In both experiments, d-AMPH and m-AMPH (all doses administered) increased the locomotor activity of animals, meantime, no ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147708 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 15:57:58 +0100 5147708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147709&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6779815u8530l362%2F Abstract  We have previously shown that pharmacological blockade of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) during the neonatal period in rats produces behavioral features of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we show that social interaction deficits in this model are reversed by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine given in the adulthood. In addition, we analyzed the mRNA expression of three neuronal receptors potentially involved in the etiology of disorders of the autism spectrum. Rats were injected with the GRPR antagonist RC-3095 or saline (SAL) from postnatal days 1–10, and tested for social behavior and recognition memory in the adulthood. One hour prior to the behavioral testing, rats were given a systemic injection of clozapine or saline. The m... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147709 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 05:55:16 +0100 5147709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5133705&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F07966g236q2q1535%2F Abstract  Several lines of evidence indicate that excess iron may play an etiologically significant role in neurodegenerative disorders. This idea is supported, for example, by experimental studies in animals demonstrating significant neuroprotection by iron chelation. Here, we tested whether this effect might be related to a functional link between iron and the endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN), a presumed pathogen in several neurological disorders. In particular, the present in vitro study was designed to examine the effects of Fe2+, a known co-factor of oxygenases, on the activity of QUIN’s immediate biosynthetic enzyme, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase (3HAO), in the brain. In crude tissue homogenate, addition of Fe2+ (2–40 μM) stimulated 3HAO ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5133705 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 05:54:09 +0100 5133705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5133706&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F76154n3726120372%2F Abstract  Calcium homeostasis is critical to amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) processing. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) proteins play an important role in maintaining intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions. We sequenced a hyper-variable region in intron 2 of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 gene (NCX1), and investigated whether insertion/deletion variations in this region are associated with the occurrence for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Examining 413 AD patients and 361 healthy controls, we identified 3 insertion/deletion polymorphisms. No significant differences of the allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the AD cases and the controls for any of the three polymorphisms. However, among the AD patients whose... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5133706 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 05:54:08 +0100 5133706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104120&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe7lkr3225060325v%2F Abstract  The neuroactive properties and neuroprotective potential of endogenous l-kynurenine, kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its derivatives are well established. KYNA acts as an antagonist on the obligatory co-agonist glycine site, and has long been at the focus of neuroprotective trials. Unfortunately, KYNA is barely able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Accordingly, the development and synthesis of KYNA analogs which can readily cross the BBB have been at the focus of research interest with the aim of neuroprotection. Earlier we reported a new KYNA-amide crosses the BBB and proved neuroprotective in several experiments. In the present study, we investigated the locomotor activity, working memory performance, and also the long-lasting, consolidated reference memory of anima... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104120 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:58:32 +0100 5104120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5081434&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1j2k312463k12up7%2F Abstract  Neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID), a rare form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), is characterized neuropathologically by focal atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes, neuronal loss, gliosis, and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) containing epitopes of ubiquitin and neuronal intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Recently, the ‘fused in sarcoma’ (FUS) protein (encoded by the FUS gene) has been shown to be a component of the inclusions of NIFID. To further characterize FUS proteinopathy in NIFID, we studied the spatial patterns of the FUS-immunoreactive NCI in frontal and temporal cortex of 10 cases. In the cerebral cortex, sectors CA1/2 of the hippocampus, and the dentate gyrus (DG), the FUS-immunoreactive NCI were frequent... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5081434 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 15:58:19 +0100 5081434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064914&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpg052h81v435r445%2F Abstract  Levodopa/Carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG) for Parkinson’s disease is under debate to provoke polyneuropathy (PNP). In our cohort of 20 thus treated patients, two developed debilitating axonal PNP with deficient pyridoxin and folate levels, and marginal cobalamin. Homocysteine was highly elevated. The neuropathies responded to vitamin replacement. We assume that LCIG can provoke PNP most likely of malnutritional origin. To avoid this side effect, the assessment of predisposing factors before treatment as well as neurophysiological and laboratory screenings appear necessary. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0689-3Authors Fabian Klostermann, Deptartment of Neurology, CBF, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburdamm 30,... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064914 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 15:44:26 +0100 5064914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064916&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F660068345l564534%2F In conclusions, our findings provide further support for the role for the KP, particularly IDO, in anhedonia in adolescent MDD. These results emphasize the importance of dimensional approaches in the investigation of psychiatric disorders. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0685-7Authors Vilma Gabbay, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 577 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USABenjamin A. Ely, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, 577 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USAJames Babb, Radiology, Research, NYU School of Medicine, Bellevue C&D Building 122, 462... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064916 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 15:44:25 +0100 5064916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064915&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxh58374575750037%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0687-5Authors Amos D. Korczyn, The Sieratzki Chair of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Ramat-Aviv, Israel Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064915 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 15:44:25 +0100 5064915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064917&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx5815vu4512r6w21%2F Abstract  Histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising anti-tumor agents partly due to their ability to disrupt the hypoxic signaling pathway in human malignancies. However, little is known about any effects of these drugs on the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of trichostatin A (TSA)—a broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitor—on the transcriptional regulation of several genes involved in dopamine- and serotonergic neurotransmission. To this end, short-term parallel cultures of SK-NF-I neuroblastoma cells were treated with TSA either alone or in combination with hypoxia, and mRNA levels of dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) and D4 (DRD4), dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine hydroxylase (DBH), dopamine receptor regulating fac... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064917 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:05:12 +0100 5064917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064918&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc1q1k5771774n720%2F Abstract  Nitric oxide (NO), a neurotransmitter and a free radical, has been purported to be involved in numerous neurological diseases. We investigated the serum nitric oxide concentration in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), in 30 patients with epilepsy and in 30 control subjects. The aim was also to determine whether a statistically significant difference in serum NO concentrations exists between the groups of interest. The total serum nitric oxide concentration was measured using the Griess reaction after reducing nitrates to nitrites with elemental zinc. In the group multiple sclerosis, the mean NO concentrations were X ± SEM = 31.02 ± 1.79 μmol/l, in the control group X ± SEM = 25.31 ± 1.44&nb... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064918 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:04:39 +0100 5064918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5064919&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe4n4745181vx786v%2F Abstract  EWO (Epidemiology of Wearing-Off symptoms among the population of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients on L-DOPA) is a multicentric, non-interventional, epidemiological and exploratory trial, focused on patients with PD who are treated with L-DOPA. The primary objective is the estimation of wearing-off symptoms (based on WOQ-9 questionnaire and assessment by neurologists) among PD patients who are treated with L-DOPA. From September 30, 2007 to June 30, 2008 altogether 563 valid records of PD patients were collected in movement disorders centers (Level A and Level B centers). Wearing-off symptoms were observed in 66.7% of PD patients (neurologists’ assessment) and in 90.6% of PD patients (WOQ-9 questionnaire). The biggest discrepancy was found in PD patients trea... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5064919 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 06:40:06 +0100 5064919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041738&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F23815t735q55w570%2F Abstract  Reliable biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression are the cornerstone of the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The German Society of Experimental and Clinical Neurotherapeutics (GESENT) has convened a Working Group to review the current status of proposed biomarkers of neurodegeneration according to the following criteria and to develop a consensus statement on biomarker candidates for evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics in PD. The criteria proposed are that the biomarker should be linked to fundamental features of PD neuropathology and mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD, should be correlated to disease progression assessed by clinical rating scales, should monito... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041738 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 06:01:13 +0100 5041738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041739&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9048u047803u0760%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0677-7Authors Natan M. Bornstein, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041739 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 06:01:12 +0100 5041739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031876&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh8773347760q8mg3%2F Abstract  Angiogenesis has not been extensively studied in Parkinson’s disease (PD) despite being associated with other neurodegenerative disorders. Post-mortem human brain tissues were obtained from subjects with pathologically confirmed Parkinson’s disease (PD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a rapidly progressing Parkinsonian-like disorder. Tissues were also obtained from subjects with incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD) who had Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) but had not been diagnosed with PD, and age-matched controls without Lewy body pathology. The SNpc, putamen, locus ceruleus (LC) and midfrontal cortex were examined for integrin αvβ3, a marker for angiogenesis, along with vessel number and activated microglia. All parkinsonia... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031876 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 05:57:31 +0100 5031876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5022573&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3v50417923871100%2F Abstract  Astrocytes play a fundamental role in glutamate metabolism by regulating the extracellular levels of glutamate and intracellular levels of glutamine. They also participate in antioxidant defenses, due to the synthesis of glutathione, coupled to glutamate metabolism. Although the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains elusive, some changes in neurochemical parameters, such as glutamate uptake, glutamine synthetase activity and glutathione have been investigated in this disease. A possible neuroprotective effect of two statins, simvastatin and pravastatin (administered p.o.), was evaluated using a model of dementia, based on the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin (STZ), and astrocyte parameters were determined. We confirmed a cogniti... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5022573 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 05:51:45 +0100 5022573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5022574&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm7n17350gx63q3j0%2F Abstract  There is developing interest in the role of the kynurenines in the immune function. A considerable amount of evidence has accumulated as concerns interactions between the kynurenine pathway, cytokines and the nervous system. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) occupies a key position connecting the immune system and the kynurenine pathway. There are evidences of the immunosuppressive effect of IDO. Following the interferon (IFN)-mediated activation of antigen presenting cells, the induction of IDO and the kynurenine system exerts a counter-regulating effect, maintaining the homeostasis. Inhibition of T cell functions, activation of the regulatory T cells, and the inhibition of Natural Killer cells are among the important factors in the immunosuppressive effects of I... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5022574 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 06:16:46 +0100 5022574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5022575&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj822315357586171%2F Abstract  Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a major public health challenge. It is the most common cause of dementia, the worldwide prevalence of which will double every 20 years in the foreseeable future. It would be good if it were possible to treat AD early to diminish its impact, but current evidence does not support early intervention. Vitamin E was no more effective than placebo in a study of vitamin E and donepezil against placebo in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Vitamin E is associated with a higher rate of haemorrhagic events than is placebo. Neither donepezil nor galantamine has been shown to be helpful in retarding progression from MCI to AD. Gingko biloba was ineffective in delaying the onset of AD in a large prospective trial involving over 6,000 pa... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5022575 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:29:06 +0100 5022575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4987510&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5l845v13x1651312%2F Abstract  Few studies have investigated the relation between dream features and cognition in Parkinson’s disease (PD), although vivid dreams, hallucinations and cognitive decline have been proposed as successive steps of a pathological continuum. Our objectives were therefore to characterize the dreams of early stage PD and to study the relation between dream characteristics, cognitive function, motor status, depression, dopaminergic treatment, and the presence of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and hallucinations. Dreams of 19 male PD patients and 21 matched control subjects were classified according to Hall and van de Castle system. h statistics was used to compare the dream content between patients and controls. We tested the relation between patients’ dreams char... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4987510 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 15:51:59 +0100 4987510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971592&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd250114wp6u33210%2F This study describes ten patients with parkinsonism and symptoms of dyspnea and respiratory distress that were unexplained by a pulmonary or cardiac abnormality or a psychological problem. Suggested underlying mechanisms are a central pathology affecting respiratory rhythm generation at the brainstem or lack of coordination of the respiratory muscles causing involuntary movements of the diaphragm. Dyspnea and respiratory distress should be included among the non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0671-0Authors Shlomit Yust-Katz, Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Clinic, Rabin Medical Center, 49100 Petach Tikva, IsraelDavid Shitrit, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelEldad Melamed, D... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971592 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 15:53:58 +0100 4971592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971593&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx3n23l4145v85371%2F Abstract  Several components of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism are now recognised to have actions of profound biological importance. These include the ability to modulate the activation of glutamate and nicotinic receptors, to modify the responsiveness of the immune system to inflammation and infection, and to modify the generation and removal of reactive oxygen species. As each of these factors is being recognised increasingly as contributing to major disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), so the potentially fundamental role of the kynurenine pathway in those disorders is presenting a valuable target both for understanding the progress of those disorders and for developing potential drug treatments. This review will summarise some of the evidence f... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971593 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:55:33 +0100 4971593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971594&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn17r501t7177pv30%2F Abstract  Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves the cardinal features of Parkinson disease (PD). However, its efficacy on gait disorders is less satisfying in the long term. In recent years, the pedunculopontine (PPN) nucleus has emerged as a possible promising deep brain stimulation target for gait disorders in PD. In this review, we examine whether STN and PPN act synergistically or antagonistically. Results suggest that the combination of STN and PPN stimulations leads to a significant further improvement in gait as compared with STN stimulation alone, but additive effects on the classical motor triad are questionable. Thus, they highlight the specificity of STN stimulation over PPN’s for the PD cardinal features and the specificity of PPN stimulation o... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971594 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:55:32 +0100 4971594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971595&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F61734634mqj53451%2F Abstract  Cognitive impairment can be demonstrated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) from the very beginning of the disease. Clinical manifestations range from slight deficits, only demonstrable by means of neuropsychological testing, up to dementia. If a linear involution is supposed for the cognitive worsening in PD, then the relatively subtle cognitive defects should be taken as the earliest signs of dementia implying that PD-MCI concept would be thoroughly equivalent to that used for the early prediction of other dementias among healthy population. Cognitive defects in PD, however, may not follow a normal distribution. While fronto-striatal deficits, such as working memory, set-shifting and free-recall verbal memory appear altered in most patients during long periods of tim... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971595 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:55:31 +0100 4971595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971597&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn0711r455v242164%2F Abstract  Studies examining intermediate phenotypes such as neurocognitive and neuroanatomical measures along with susceptibility genes are important for improving our understanding of the neural basis of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). In this paper, we review extant studies involving neurocognitive-genetic and neuroimaging-genetic perspectives and particularly related to catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuregulin-1 (NRG1) genes in SZ and BD. In terms of neurocognitive-genetic investigations, COMT and BDNF are the two most studied candidate genes especially in patients with SZ. Whereas BDNF Met carriers perform worse on verbal working memory, problem solving and visuo-spatial abilities, COMT Met carriers perform ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971597 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 17:59:31 +0100 4971597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971596&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn0q4567275h16132%2F Abstract  Cognitive impairment exists in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a transitional state between cognitively intact and demented PD patients. It seems to be a risk factor for the development of dementia in PD, but the precise criteria and unfavorable cognitive profile of mild cognitive impairment in PD (MCI-PD) have not yet been established. The concept may turn to be different from that in Alzheimer’s disease since we search for those already diagnosed PD patients who are at risk of developing dementia. In addition, clinical variables specific for PD also play role. Importantly, MCI possesses a metabolic basis in PD. Various biomarkers particularly including neuropsychological testing and the brain imaging hold promise in identification of MCI-PD patients with unfavor... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971596 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 17:59:31 +0100 4971596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947394&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu115p7n5403v6367%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0669-7Authors Brit Mollenhauer, Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel and Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyHermann Esselmann, Department of Psychiatry, Rheinische Kliniken Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanySigrun Roeber, Department of Neuropathology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, GermanyWalter J. Schulz-Schaeffer, Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, GermanyClaudia Trenkwalder, Paracelsus-Elena Klinik, Kassel and Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyMirko Bibl, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and addiction medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Henricistrasse 92, 45136 Essen, GermanyPetra Steinacker, Department of Neurology, Un... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947394 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 05:52:22 +0100 4947394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4939741&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F516g704u81030124%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0670-1Authors Andrew Holt, Edmonton, CanadaDarrell D. Mousseau, Saskatoon, CanadaGlen B. Baker, Edmonton, Canada Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4939741 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 06:02:45 +0100 4939741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4939742&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn31m1384x8240327%2F Abstract  Altered function of kynurenine pathway has emerged recently as one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of depression. Neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) and neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) are two immediate metabolites of l-kynurenine. Here, we aimed to assess the hypothesis that antidepressant drugs that may change brain KYNA/3-HK ratio. In primary astroglial cultures, fluoxetine, citalopram, amitriptyline and imipramine (1–10 μM) increased de novo production of KYNA and diminished 3-HK synthesis (24 and 48, but not 2 h). RT-PCR studies revealed that Kat1, Kat2 and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (Kmo) gene expressions were not altered after 2 h. At 24 h, the expression of Kat1 and Kat2 genes was enhanced by all studied drugs, ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4939742 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 06:27:04 +0100 4939742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915481&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F10235033497l0m82%2F Abstract  The affirmative position is argued in response to the question of whether intervention in the disease course of Alzheimer disease (AD) occurs too late. AD is not a singular, homogeneous disease, but rather a final common pathway or end-point that can be arrived at through multiple routes. As part of the affirmative argument, there is a delineation of two long-term trajectories leading to AD: (1) normal elderly progression to AD, and (2) depressed elderly progression to AD. In documenting normal elderly devolution into AD, two “normal” elderly pre-AD or prodromal stages are discussed: age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Data are provided evidencing significantly high conversion rates from these pre-AD stages to actual AD... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915481 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 15:00:20 +0100 4915481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915482&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk2mt0461g07mp626%2F Abstract  Selegiline is a selective irreversible inhibitor of the B-type of monoamine oxidase (MAO-B). The spectrum of its pharmacological activity is wide, possesses antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective properties and, additionally, we found it is effective on the total scavenger capacity (TSC), and the regulation of fat content in rat liver kept on lipid-rich diet. Our aim was to clarify whether the oral treatment with selegiline is protective on oxidative damage of Sprague–Dawley adult rats in vivo. Four groups of rats (five animals in a group) were examined: (1) lipid-rich diet, (2) normal rat food, (3) lipid-rich diet + selegiline and (4) normal rat food + selegiline. Selegiline solution (2.5 µg/ml) was supplied with the drinking wa... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915482 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:45:09 +0100 4915482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915483&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fanhn04l4732h5420%2F Abstract  In parallel to serotonin synthesis, the major route of tryptophan catabolism is the kynurenine pathway, which produces neuroactive metabolites. Among these substances, kynurenic acid has potential neuroprotective action blocking glutamate release and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glutamate is a key player in migraine pathogenesis; it is crucial in the communication of first and second-order neurons, and it has an important role in the genesis of cortical spreading depression, which is the electrophysiological correlate for migraine aura and may be involved in the activation of the trigeminal system. Thus, kynurenines may affect the pathogenesis directly, by acting on glutamate receptors and exerting other neuromodulatory effects, and indirectly via an altered se... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915483 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:17 +0100 4915483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915484&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhn302764m3831010%2F Abstract  The role of the CLSTN2 (rs6439886) and KIBRA (rs17070145) SNPs in cognitive impairment was analysed in a 75–76 years old group. Various memory assessment tests were carried out on individuals at baseline and during follow-up investigations, and biallelic genotyping was performed. No influence of the allele status of either SNPs was observed on any memory test. No increased risk of any type of late development, and cognitive impairment was associated with rs6439886 or rs17070145. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0667-9Authors N. Sédille-Mostafaie, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Danube Hospital, Langobardenstr. 122, 1220 Vienna, AustriaC. Sebesta, Department of Internal Medicine, Danube Hospital, Vien... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915484 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:16 +0100 4915484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915485&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F123q73v321r34553%2F In this study, we present evidence that monoamine oxidase activity is often not adequately described by this approach. We outline a novel equation strategy that takes account of substrate and inhibitor binding to oxidised and reduced enzyme forms, and quantifies differences between substrates and inhibitors in this regard. When combined with plate reader-based experimental techniques that allow large numbers of substrate and inhibitor concentrations to be used, and the global nonlinear regression facilities of GraphPad Prism software, this straightforward approach allows more appropriate analyses of monoamine oxidase by non-experts than has previously been possible. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-17DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0657-yAuthors Rona R. Ramsay, School of Biology, Bio... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915485 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:14 +0100 4915485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896776&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr47628pv22118871%2F Abstract  Clavulanic acid (CLAV) inhibits bacterial β-lactamases and is commonly used to aid antibiotic therapy. Prompted by the initial evidence suggestive of the potential anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of CLAV, the present study was undertaken to systematically evaluate its acute effects on seizure thresholds in seizure tests typically used in primary screening of potential antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In the present study, 6-Hz seizure threshold, maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test, and intravenous pentylenetetrazole (i.v. PTZ) seizure tests were used to determine anticonvulsant effects of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered CLAV in mice. Acute effects on motor coordination and muscle strength were assessed in the chimney and grip-strengt... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896776 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 05:58:46 +0100 4896776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896778&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F17n327061238776p%2F Abstract  In Parkinson’s disease (PD), substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN-h) has been related to both, local iron accumulation and microglia activation. We analysed its relationship in PD patients with serum iron (n = 31) and C-reactive protein (CRP; n = 193). SN-h correlated with lower CRP and iron levels. Also, patients with a first-degree relative with PD had lower iron levels. Microglia activation, if reflected by SN-h, may be therefore unrelated to serum CRP. Findings support the idea that SN-h indicates inherited alteration of iron metabolism. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0664-zAuthors Uwe Walter, Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, GermanyRike Witt, Department... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896778 Tue, 31 May 2011 05:52:30 +0100 4896778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896777&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F95672536873127v5%2F This study compared 37 adults with ADHD (ADHDtotal) and 32 control participants who were equivalent in age, intelligence quotient (IQ), sex, and years of education, in two domains of EF—set shifting and working memory. Additionally, the ADHDtotal group was subdivided into two subgroups: ADHD patients without comorbidity (ADHD−, n = 19) and patients with at least one comorbid disorder (ADHD+, n = 18). Participants fulfilled two measures for set shifting (i.e., the trail making test, TMT and a computerized card sorting test, CKV) and one measure for working memory (i.e., digit span test, DS). Compared to the control group the ADHDtotal group displayed deficits in set shifting and working memory. The differences between the groups were of medium-to-large effect size... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896777 Tue, 31 May 2011 05:52:30 +0100 4896777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896779&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg4321605h1315862%2F This study adds to the body of evidence that non-genetic biological and psychosocial risk factors have an impact on ADHD symptom severity and differentially influence comorbid disorders in ADHD. The findings are relevant to the prevention and treatment of ADHD with or without comorbid disorders. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0659-9Authors Christine M. Freitag, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstraße 50, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, GermanySusann Hänig, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, GermanyAnna Schneider, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, GermanyChristiane Seitz, Dep... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896779 Tue, 31 May 2011 05:52:28 +0100 4896779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896780&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk8146106735w7215%2F Abstract  Gastrointestinal neuroprotection involves the net effect of many mechanisms which protect the enteral nervous system and its cells from death, dysfunction or degeneration. Neuroprotection is also a therapeutic strategy, aimed at slowing or halting the progression of primary neuronal loss following acute or chronic diseases. The neuroprotective properties of a compound clearly have implications for an understanding of the mechanism of dysfunctions and for therapeutic approaches in a number of gastrointestinal diseases. This paper focused on the roles of glutamate and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the intrinsic neuronal control of gastrointestinal motility; the consequences of inflammation on gastrointestinal motility changes; and the involvement of t... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896780 Thu, 26 May 2011 16:09:37 +0100 4896780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4896781&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk3gmg524154454w8%2F In this study, wild-type (WT) and MAO Aneo embryonic stem (ES) cell lines were established from the inner cell mass of murine blastocysts and their characteristics during ES and differentiating stages were studied. Our results show that the differentiation to neural cells in MAO Aneo ES cells was reduced compared to WT, suggesting MAO A played a regulatory role in stem cells neural differentiation. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0655-0Authors Zhi-qiang Wang, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USAKevin Chen, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USAQi-l... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4896781 Mon, 23 May 2011 16:50:45 +0100 4896781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856318&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5180326943227087%2F Abstract  Chronic daily headache (CDH) located in the frontal region is a common problem. We have previously described the positive results that were achieved with botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in the musculus corrugator supercilii (MCS) for this disorder. Nowadays, we offer transection of this muscle to patients following a minimum of two BTX injections, provided these injections result in a significant reduction of pain. This procedure is based on the assumption that the pathophysiological mechanism in some of these patients suffering from CDH is a neural entrapment of the supratrochlear nerve in the corrugator muscle. To assess the effect of transection, we have evaluated all the consecutive patients (n = 10) so far. Treatment was successful in nine of these ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856318 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:30:16 +0100 4856318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856319&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl034085u67k63792%2F Abstract  The links between Stn DBS and advanced Parkinson disease, and between GPi DBS and dystonia are nearly universally accepted by the neurologists and neurosurgeons. Nevertheless, in some conditions, targets such as the ventral thalamus and the Zona Incerta may be considered to optimize the results and avoid the side effects. Positive and negative aspects of current DBS treatments justify the research of new targets, new stimulation programs and new hardware. Since 1993, at the Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “Carlo Besta” in Milan, 580 deep brain electrodes were implanted in 332 patients. 276 patients were affected by movement disorders. The DBS targets included Stn, GPi, Voa, Vop, Vim, CM–pf, cZi, IC. The long-term follow-up is reported and related to the chose... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856319 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:30:15 +0100 4856319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4807661&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2563913460673414%2F Abstract  Sequence variants at or near the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) locus have been associated with susceptibility to three human conditions: Parkinson's disease (PD), Crohn’s disease and leprosy. As all three disorders represent complex diseases with evidence of inflammation, we hypothesized a role for LRRK2 in immune cell functions. Here, we report that full-length Lrrk2 is a relatively common constituent of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) including affinity isolated, CD14+ monocytes, CD19+ B cells, and CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. Up to 26% of PBMC from healthy donors and up to 43% of CD14+ monocytes were stained by anti-Lrrk2 antibodies using cell sorting. PBMC lysates contained full-length (>260 kDa) and higher molecular weight Lrrk2... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4807661 Fri, 06 May 2011 16:18:16 +0100 4807661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791239&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh354708131586537%2F Abstract  Sixty cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) were collected over 22 years. Brain weight was negatively correlated with disease duration. The neuronal and/or glial inclusions were labeled by anti-TDP, anti-FUS or anti-TAU antibodies, respectively, in 40, 3 and 12 cases. In the FTLD-TDP group, mutation of the progranulin gene was found in four cases (FTD-GRN), with nuclear, cat eye inclusions and severe neuronal loss in CA1 and subiculum. The motor neurons were involved in 27 cases (fronto-temporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis = FTD-ALS). Familial FTD-ALS cases lived longer than sporadic ones. In nine cases, there was no ALS, no GRN mutation (FTD-NAP). The cases in the FTD-ALS and FTD-NAP subgroups were of Sampathu type 2 (TDP... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791239 Tue, 03 May 2011 15:33:42 +0100 4791239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784097&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F30q2786783772719%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0652-3 Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784097 Sun, 01 May 2011 05:42:20 +0100 4784097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784098&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa82jwhr271772043%2F Abstract  Synaptic disturbances may play a key role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. In this article, we review immunohistological findings of chromogranin peptides in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer’s disease, the disorder chromogranins have been studied most extensively. Data was collected from existing and new experimental data and medline research. This review focuses on synaptic changes elicited by chromogranin peptides immunoreactivity in Alzheimer’s disease, as well in schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An imbalanced availability of chromogranin peptides may be responsible for impaired neurotransmission and a reduced functioning of dense core vesicles. Since chromogr... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784098 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 15:46:36 +0100 4784098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784099&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhwl4jq38v861h282%2F Abstract  Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is manifested as accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide in the wall of meningeal and cerebral arteries, arterioles and capillaries and is frequently found postmortem in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) patients. It is difficult to assess when and how cerebral amyloid angiopathy develops and progresses in humans in vivo, which is why animal AD models are used. Streptozotocin-intracerebroventricularly (STZ-icv) treated rats have been recently proposed as the model of sAD which develops insulin resistant brain state preceding Aβ pathology development. Vascular Aβ deposits in the brain of STZ-icv-treated rats (3 months old at the time of icv treatment) were visualized by Thioflavine-S staining, Congo red staining and Aβ immuno... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784099 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 15:46:35 +0100 4784099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4769023&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl2u347232u10002g%2F Abstract  Emotions can affect various aspects of human behavior. The impact of emotions on behavior is traditionally thought to occur at central, cognitive and motor preparation stages. Using EMG to measure the effects of emotion on movement, we found that emotional stimuli differing in valence and arousal elicited highly specific effects on peripheral movement time. This result has conceptual implications for the emotion–motion link and potentially practical implications for neurorehabilitation and professional environments where fast motor reactions are critical. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0627-4Authors Thomas D. Hälbig, Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAJoan C. Borod, Department of Neu... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4769023 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 05:42:51 +0100 4769023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4769022&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv432201l13l57767%2F In this study, by extending the analysis to several caspase activities (i.e. caspase 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9), we describe genotype- and time- dependent caspase activity abnormalities, decreased cell viability and a large set of alterations in mitochondria morphology, in cultured blood cells from HD patients. Patients homozygous for CAG repeat mutations and heterozygous with high size mutations causing juvenile onset (JHD) presented significantly increased caspase 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9 activities, decreased cell viability and pronounced morphological abnormalities, compared with cells carrying low mutation size and controls. After cyanide treatment, all caspases increased their activities in homozygous and highly expanded heterozygous cells, caspase 8 and 9 increased also in those cells carrying... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4769022 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 05:42:51 +0100 4769022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4749637&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr5303g02764u0828%2F This study provides novel physiological evidence that MBs have an impact on central cholinergic function that is independent of the extent of associated white matter changes and ischaemic stroke. This finding shows that TMS have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. TMS studies may help in evaluating the causes of cognitive impairment in cerebrovascular diseases. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0650-5Authors Raffaele Nardone, Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, AustriaPierpaolo De Blasi, Department of Economics, Collegio Carlo Alberto, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyMartin Seidl, Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, AustriaYvon... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4749637 Sat, 23 Apr 2011 15:41:59 +0100 4749637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4749638&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff652n356n6g65412%2F Abstract  The liver is constantly exposed to antigens present in the blood and to particulate antigens delivered from the gut. To maintain effective levels of immune surveillance and yet tolerate food antigens, the hepatic environment has become highly specialised. A low flow environment exists within the hepatic sinusoids that not only facilitates the exchange of toxins and nutrients within the liver parenchyma, but also provides an ideal niche for the recruitment of leukocytes. One such adhesion molecule involved in this process, the vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), is unusual in the context of the leukocyte adhesion cascade in that it is both an adhesion molecule and a primary amine oxidase. In this review, we examine the biological functions of VAP-1 and examine wha... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4749638 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 18:01:25 +0100 4749638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4749639&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd8872360ttj833u2%2F Abstract  Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a potent chemokine inducing the migration of varied cell types. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of cellular LOX activity by preincubation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), the irreversible inhibitor of LOX activity, resulted in the marked suppression of the chemotactic response and sensitivity of these cells toward LOX and toward PDGF-BB. Plasma membranes purified from VSMC not previously exposed to BAPN contained a group of oxidized plasma membrane proteins, including the PDGF receptor, PDGFR-β. The oxidation of this receptor and other membrane proteins was largely prevented in cells preincubated with BAPN. Addition of purified LOX to BAPN-free cells, which had been previously exposed to BAPN, re... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4749639 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 06:14:20 +0100 4749639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745410&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff37u1782078t80w2%2F Abstract  To date, joint use of alcohol (EtOH) and methamphetamine (MA) represents a specific combination of polydrug abuse. Repeated administrations of EtOH, MA, and combined EtOH and MA were assessed for their effects on brain cell toxicity, cell mitosis and anxiety/depression-like behavior. We found that repeated co-administrations of EtOH and MA produced profound anxiogenic effects. Specifically, combined EtOH and MA decreased open arm exploratory responses in the elevated plus maze test. Moreover, combined EtOH and MA significantly decreased immobile responses in the tail suspension test. MA, EtOH, and their combination all reduced the number of NeuN-positive cells in amygdala (Amg), while neither of them altered the number of NeuN-positive cells in striatum (St) or pr... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745410 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 05:49:20 +0100 4745410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4727359&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1726316372x6m37x%2F Abstract  Platelet vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) binding characteristics were assessed, using high affinity dihydrotetrabenazine ([3H]TBZOH) binding, in 14 children with major depression (MDD) and 16 matched controls. All participants underwent a thorough diagnostic evaluation and the levels of depression and anxiety were measured. K d values were significantly lower in children with MDD versus controls (2.93 ± 0.84 vs. 3.63 ± 0.56 nM, respectively, t = 2.4, df = 18.4, p = 0.025). B max values did not differ significantly. This preliminary finding indicates a possible structural change in platelet VMAT2 in children with MDD. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0643-4Authors Gil ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4727359 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 06:52:04 +0100 4727359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706036&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx801j85025785j21%2F Abstract  Laboratory evidence suggests that the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) plays a central role in the initiation and maintenance of gait. Translational research has led to reports on deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the rostral brainstem in parkinsonian patients. However, initial clinical results appear to be rather variable. Possible factors include patient selection and the wide variability in anatomical location of implanted electrodes. Clinical studies on PPN DBS efficacy would, therefore, benefit from an accurate and reproducible method of stereotactic localization of the nucleus. The present study evaluates the anatomical accuracy of a specific protocol for MRI-guided stereotactic targeting of the PPN in a human cadaver. Imaging at 1.5 and 9.4 T confirmed ele... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706036 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:45:53 +0100 4706036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706037&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr6g721052355328r%2F Abstract  The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPTg) is constituted by a heterogeneous cluster of neurons located in caudal mesencephalic tegmentum which projects to the thalamus to trigger thalamocortical rhythms and the brainstem to modulate muscle tone and locomotion. It has been investigated as potential deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. Neurophysiological studies conducted in humans using DBS electrodes for exploring functional properties of PPTg in vivo, reviewed in this paper, demonstrated that the functional connections between PPTg and cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem network involved in sleep/wake control, and spinal cord can be explored in vivo and provided useful insights about the physiology of this nucleus and patho... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706037 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 05:51:35 +0100 4706037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706038&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm0764687l6655612%2F In conclusion, formal neuropsychology and longitudinal follow-up are still required for the diagnosis and categorization of dementia in PD. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0638-1Authors M. E. Di Battista, Centro Parkinson D.A.I. Neurologia e Pischiatria Policlinico Universitario Umberto I, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, ItalyP. Giustini, Centro Parkinson D.A.I. Neurologia e Pischiatria Policlinico Universitario Umberto I, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, ItalyS. Bernardi, Centro Parkinson D.A.I. Neurologia e Pischiatria Policlinico Universitario Umberto I, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, ItalyP. Stirpe, Centro Parkinson D... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706038 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 15:49:17 +0100 4706038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706039&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fgq040701w263vuj0%2F Abstract  Professor Jellinger first identified that striatal Aβ deposition at postmortem seemed to differentiate cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from those with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), a finding subsequently questioned. Our replication study in 34 prospectively studied cases assessed the ability of striatal Aβ deposition to differentiate DLB from PDD, and also assessed the relationship between striatal and cortical Aβ deposition and α-synuclein-immunoreactive pathologies, using previously published protocols. Cases with DLB had significantly shorter durations and greater dementia severities compared with cases with PDD. Striatal Aβ-immunoreactive plaques were only consistently found in cases with DLB and correlated with both the severity (positiv... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706039 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 05:50:13 +0100 4706039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706040&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy71v01t732w11386%2F Abstract  Different cell culture models were already used to analyze the molecular base of the neuroprotective activities of the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® after a single or short-term application. In these previous studies cells were severely injured with agents that promptly induce fatal cellular damage, like vast oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction, and the protective effects of EGb 761® on such acute damage were evaluated. Our present study aimed to test EGb 761® action in cell cultures, where cellular functions are only moderately impaired by a longer lasting, but relatively modest oxidative stress, reduction of mitochondrial function and reduced intracellular energy levels, thereby causing only slow occurence of cellular damage over a time period of 2&nb... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706040 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 05:50:12 +0100 4706040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706042&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9394243531781714%2F In conclusion, V. officinalis had behavioral protective effect against reserpine-induced VCMs in rats; however, the exact mechanisms that contributed to this effect have not been completely understood. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0640-7Authors Romaiana Picada Pereira, Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilRoselei Fachinetto, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilAlessandro de Souza Prestes, Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica,... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706042 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 07:06:52 +0100 4706042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4706041&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr1444680535113v7%2F Abstract  Although a considerable amount of mechanistic data has accumulated in literature, the detailed mechanism for amine oxidation by monoamine oxidase is still controversial. The single electron transfer mechanism (SET) has been widely discussed, but not completely understood yet. In the present study, the modified SET mechanism, proposed by Silverman et al., was explored by quantum chemical calculations. The ONIOM method was applied with UDFT/B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) for the higher layer and with UHF/6-31G(d) for the lower layer. Isoalloxazin heterocyclic ring and benzylamine were employed in the calculations to represent flavin and the substrate, respectively. The substituents CH3, OH, OCH3, H, F, Cl, Br, CF3 and NO2 were incorporated at the para position of benz... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4706041 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 07:06:52 +0100 4706041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678420&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnm83715l6m370j61%2F Abstract  Although the increased prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with aging suggests that aging processes predispose dopamine neurons to degeneration, the mechanism involved remains unknown. Dopamine neurons contain significant amounts of neuromelanin, and the amount of neuromelanin increases with aging. In the present study, age-related changes in the number of nigral neurons expressing neuromelanin (NM), α-synuclein, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were stereologically analyzed in the postmortem brains of 28 healthy humans with an age range of 17–84 years. Stereological counting of NM content, α-synuclein content, and TH immunoreactivity revealed significant accumulation of NM and α-synuclein in neurons during the aging process. In cells containing a large... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678420 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 05:53:58 +0100 4678420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678421&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F63n67x7g82jw2804%2F Abstract  Former studies on the effects of physical exercise, physical and occupational therapy (PT, OT) and speech and swallowing therapy (ST, SwT) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have demonstrated little or uncertain effects. New pathophysiological concepts have been developed. Recent controlled high-level studies demonstrate improvement of mobility and balance after training of muscular strength and endurance, trunk control, and amplitude and rhythmicity of movements (treadmill). Attentional and cognitive strategies were found to enforce body awareness and improve movement sequences. Dance, sensory (auditory, visual, tactile) and cognitive cueing are effective for problems of gait and balance. Whether PT and OT reduce the risk of falls remains uncertain. ST including Lee S... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678421 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 05:53:57 +0100 4678421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678423&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F36364r30m4nr666q%2F Abstract  Memantine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We conducted a 4-month observational, post-marketing, Austrian study of memantine in 377 outpatients with moderate to severe AD. In this ‘real-life’ setting, memantine was well-tolerated, and produced benefits in cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), activities of daily living (Activities of Daily Living score), and global function (Clinical Global Impression scale). Treatment effects were apparent in both pre-treated and treatment-naïve patient subgroups. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0623-8Authors Michael Rainer, Memory Clinic and Psychiatric Department, Donauspital Sozialmedizi... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678423 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:56:11 +0100 4678423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678422&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk233w127j0432889%2F In this study, we assessed the effects of two glycine/NMDA receptor ligands, namely L-701,324 (antagonist) and d-cycloserine (a partial agonist) on the action of antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological profiles in the forced swim test in mice. Swim sessions were conducted by placing mice individually in glass cylinders filled with warmed water for 6 min. The duration of behavioral immobility during the last 4 min of the test was evaluated. The locomotor activity of mice was measured with photoresistor actimeters. L-701,324 and d-cycloserine given with reboxetine (administered in subeffective doses) did not change the behavior of animals in the forced swim test. A potentiating effect was seen when both tested glycine site ligands were given concomitantly with imipr... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678422 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:56:11 +0100 4678422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678424&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F07j900r4q83n1202%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0633-6Authors Amos D. Korczyn, Tel Aviv, Israel Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678424 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 05:44:21 +0100 4678424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678425&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx54178wuj5555m35%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0634-5 Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678425 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 05:44:19 +0100 4678425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4660155&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxm1424h91748q028%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0632-7Authors Alan M. Rapoport, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4660155 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 17:31:38 +0100 4660155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4660156&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe227635475381158%2F Abstract  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a novel neurosurgical therapy developed to address symptoms of gait freezing and postural instability in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. Here we summarise our non-human primate investigations of relevance to our surgical targeting of the PPN and relate the primate research to initial clinical experience of PPN DBS. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0631-8Authors Erlick A. C. Pereira, Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, The West Wing, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU UKDipankar Nandi, Imperial College Neuromodulation Group, Charing Cross Hospital and Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Imperial College ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4660156 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 17:31:37 +0100 4660156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4660158&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F31kuu66731v1503l%2F Abstract  Family, twin, and adoption studies have indicated that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of alcohol dependence (AD). We conducted a low-density genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic variants influencing AD. We used 11,120 SNPs from the Affymetrix 10K Genechips genotyped in 116 Caucasian pedigrees (272 nuclear families) from Genetic Analysis Workshop 14, a subset from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Family-based association analyses for AD were performed by the PBAT program for autosomal SNPs and by the FBAT program for X-chromosome SNPs. We identified 37 SNPs associated with AD (P < 10−3), thirteen of which were located in known genes. The most significant association with AD ... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4660158 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 07:02:03 +0100 4660158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4660157&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F32k277824pj58280%2F Abstract  The dopamine transporter (DAT) and the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) both terminate synaptic dopamine action. Here, we investigated the influence of two polymorphisms in the respective genes: DAT1 (SLC6A3) VNTR and COMT val158met (rs4680). Startle magnitudes to intense noise bursts as measured with the eye blink response were recorded during the presentation of pictures of three valence conditions (unpleasant, pleasant and neutral) and during baseline without additional pictorial stimulation in a sample of healthy older adults (N = 94). There was a significant Bonferroni corrected main effect of COMT genotype on the overall startle responses, with met/met homozygotes showing the highest and participants with the val/val genotype showing the lo... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4660157 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 07:02:03 +0100 4660157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646176&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe841w91155173j62%2F Abstract  Exercise is reported to inhibit neuronal apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus and improve learning and memory. However, the effect of exercise on inhibition of neuronal apoptosis surrounding the area of damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the improvement of cerebral dysfunction following TBI are unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of exercise on morphology and cerebral function following TBI in rats. Wistar rats received TBI by a pneumatic controlled injury device were randomly divided into two groups: (1) non-exercise group and (2) exercise group. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 30 min/day at 22 m/min for seven consecutive days. Immunohistochemical and behavioral studies were performed following TBI. The number of single-stra... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646176 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:46:17 +0100 4646176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646177&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd311g06786tg10t8%2F Abstract  Neuropathological features in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) include the presence of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated tau protein (tau) in hippocampal neurones. Numerous studies indicate a neuroprotective effect of calcium-binding proteins (Ca2+ binding proteins) in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., AD). Secretagogin is a newly described Ca2+ binding protein that is produced by pyramidal neurones of the human hippocampus. Recently, secretagogin expressing hippocampal neurones were demonstrated to resist tau-induced pathology in AD in contrast to the majority of neighbouring neurones. This suggested a neuroprotective effect of secretagogin in hippocampal neurones. Here, we investigated secretagogin expression in wild type (wt) mice as well as in h... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646177 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:46:16 +0100 4646177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646178&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb27w46036305hl4r%2F Abstract  Bradykinesia represents one of the cardinal and most incapacitating features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this context, investigating the cerebral control mechanisms for limb movements and defining the associated functional neuroanatomy is important for understanding the impaired motor activity in PD. So far, most studies have focused on motor control of upper limb movements in PD. Ankle movement functional MRI (fMRI) paradigms have been used to non-invasively investigate supraspinal control mechanisms relevant for lower limb movements in healthy subjects, patients with Multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Using such an active and passive paradigm in 20 PD patients off medication (mean age 66.8 ± 7.2 years) and 20 healthy controls (HC; mean age 62.3... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646178 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:49:31 +0100 4646178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4617838&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F80g17406p6113p85%2F Abstract  Studies investigating the impact of high meat intake on cognition have yielded contradictory results as some show improved cognitive performance, whereas others report an increase of risk factors for dementia. However, few studies were designed to directly assess the effect of a high protein (HP) diet on both cognitive performance and corresponding biochemical parameters. A randomised intervention study was conducted with 23 healthy males (aged 19–31 years) to investigate the effects of a usual (UP) versus a HP diet on cognitive function and on the platelet proteome a well-established model for neurons. The study individuals were assigned to either a UP diet (15% energy) or a HP diet (30% energy) for 3 weeks with controlled intake of food and beverages.... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4617838 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 16:58:18 +0100 4617838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4617839&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F39w863162565241j%2F In conclusion, the present study indicates that NET could be a susceptibility gene for PD. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0624-7Authors H. N. Buttenschøn, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, DenmarkA. S. Kristensen, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, DenmarkH. N. Buch, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, DenmarkJ. H. Andersen, Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital Herning, Herning, DenmarkJ. P. Bonde, Department of Occupational Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkM. Grynderup, Department of Occupation... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4617839 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 18:36:25 +0100 4617839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4597020&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01k5r1rg163566r7%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00702-011-0618-5 Journal Journal of Neural TransmissionOnline ISSN 1435-1463Print ISSN 0300-9564 (Source: Journal of Neural Transmission) Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4597020 Sat, 12 Mar 2011 07:00:00 +0100 4597020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578798&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg1217p87t161261t%2F Abstract  Copper amine oxidases are important for the metabolism of a range of biogenic amines. Here, we focus on substrate specificity in the E. coli copper amine oxidase (ECAO) and specifically the role of Tyr 381. This residue, and its equivalent, in other copper amine oxidases has been referred to as a “gating” residue able to move position depending upon the presence or absence of amine substrate. The position of this residue suggests a role in substrate selectivity. We have compared the properties of two variant forms of ECAO, Y381F and Y381A, with wild-type enzyme by steady-state kinetics of oxidation of a number of amine substrates, modes of inhibitor interactions and X-ray structure determination. Y381F displays a similar catalytic efficiency to wild type again... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578798 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 16:48:50 +0100 4578798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578799&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F062517266030l545%2F Abstract  Pediatric MS tends to present more often with an acute onset and a polysymptomatic form of the disease, possibly with encephalopathy and large tumefactive lesions similar to those observed in some cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), which makes it more difficult to differentiate between an explosive and severe onset of MS vs. ADEM. An ADEM-like first demyelinating event can be the first attack of pediatric MS, but international consensus definitions require two or more non-ADEM demyelinating events for diagnosis of MS. In our patient KIDMUS MRI criteria for MS (Mikaeloff et al. J Pediatr 144:246–252, 2004a; Mikaeloff et al. Brain 127:1942–1947, 2004b) were negative at first attack, but Barkhof criteria for lesion dissemination in space in adult... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578799 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 16:48:49 +0100 4578799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4578800&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4827167652k48257%2F Abstract  The microtubule-associated protein Tau promotes the assembly and stability of microtubules in neuronal cells. Six Tau isoforms are expressed in adult human brain. All six isoforms become abnormally hyperphosphorylated and form neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. In AD, reduced activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), specifically of calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and calcium-independent intracellular PLA2 (iPLA2), was reported in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which positively correlated with the density of neurofibrillary tangles. We previously demonstrated that treatment of cultured neurons with a dual cPLA2 and iPLA2 inhibitor, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), decreased total Tau levels and increased Tau phosphorylatio... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4578800 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 07:00:41 +0100 4578800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4562545&cid=s_33360_25_f&fid=33360&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F058rw16r45382527%2F Abstract  Multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease are fundamentally different diseases. However, recent data suggest that certain mechanisms of neurodegeneration may be shared between the two diseases. Inflammation drives the disease in multiple sclerosis. It is also present in Alzheimer’s disease lesions, where it may have dual functions in amyloid clearance as well as in the propagation of neurodegeneration. In both diseases, degeneration of neurons, axons, and synapses occur on the background of profound mitochondrial injury. Reactive oxygen and nitric oxide intermediates are major candidates for the induction of mitochondrial injury. Radicals are produced through the induction of the respiratory burst in activated microglia, which are present in the lesions of bo... Journal of Neural Transmission journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4562545 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 11:03:35 +0100 4562545