Lipids in Health and Disease via MedWorm.com

Dietary meat fats and burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in the elderly; a report from the MEDIS study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Dietary fats have long been associated with human health, and especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some observational studies have shown that reduction in dietary fats, and particularly cholesterol is associated with lower cardiovascular risk; however, other prospective studies or randomized controlled trials of dietary fat reduction or modification have shown varying results on CVD morbidity and mortality. In this work we evaluated the relationships between dietary fats and a cluster of CVD risk factors (i.e., diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension), among elderly individuals without known CVD. In particular, dietary and clinical data from 1486 elderly (aged 65 to 100 years) men and women living in Cyprus, Mitilini, Samothraki, Cephalonia, Crete, Lemnos, Syros, Naxos, C...

NPC1L1 inhibitor ezetimibe is a reliable therapeutic agent for non-obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: We recently examined the distribution of abdominal fat, dietary intake and biochemical data in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and found that non-obese NAFLD patients did not necessarily exhibit insulin resistance and/or dysregulated secretion of adipocytokines. However, dietary cholesterol intake was superabundant in non-obese patients compared with obese patients, although total energy and carbohydrate intake was not excessive. Therefore, excess cholesterol intake appears to be one of the main factors associated with NAFLD development and liver injury. Methods: We reviewed a year of follow-up data of non-obese NAFLD patients treated with Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 inhibitor ezetimibe to evaluate its therapeutic effect on clinical parameters related to NAFLD...

Association of LIPC -250G>A polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to detect the association of LIPC -250G>A (rs2070895) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Methods: A total of 778 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 648 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-80 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the LIPC -250G>A was performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results: The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Evaluation of different formulas for LDL-C calculation

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our modified formula for LDL-C estimation appears to be more accurate than both Friedewald's and Anandaraja's formulas when applied to a Serbian population. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The changes in various hydroxyproline fractions in aortic tissue of rabbits are closely related to the progression of atherosclerosis

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that percentage decrease in various Hyp fractions in aortic tissue of HFD rabbits are closely related to percentage decrease of collagen content in aortic tissues of HFD rabbits. These results also suggest that it may be possible to use the changes in various Hyp fractions in aortic tissues of rabbits as an important risk factor during the progression of atherosclerosis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Dietary saponins of sea cucumber alleviate orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats via PPAR alpha and SREBP-1c signaling

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: According to our study, the lipids-lowering effect of dietary SSC may be partly associated with the enhancement of beta-oxidation via PPAR alpha activation. In addition, the inhibited SREBP-1c- mediated lipogenesis caused by SSC may also contribute to alleviating fatty liver. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Fatty acid extracts from Lucilia sericata larvae promote murine cutaneous wound healing by angiogenic activity

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Fatty acid extracts of dried Lucilia sericata larvae, four fifths of which are unsaturated fatty acids, can promote murine cutaneous wound healing probably resulting from the powerful angiogenic activity of the extracts. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Postnatal ontogenesis of clock genes in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus and heart

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The data showed the gradual development of clock genes in SCN and a peripheral tissue, and suggested that development of clock genes differed between in the SCN and the heart. Judging from the mRNA expression, it was possible that the central clock synchronized the peripheral clock as early as P5. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Influence of co-existing atrial fibrillation on the efficacy of atorvastatin treatment in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a pilot study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In patients with DCM and co-existing AF, a weaker effect of atorvastatin concerning the reduction of IL-6 and NT-proBNP concentration was observed than in patients without atrial fibrillation. (ClinialTrial.gov No.: NCT01015144) (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The use of LeptiCore in reducing fat gain and managing weight loss in patients with metabolic syndrome

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The LeptiCore formulation at both the low and high dosages appears to be helpful in the management of fat gain and its related complications. The higher dosage resulted in significantly greater reductions in body weight and triglyceride, blood glucose, and C-reactive protein levels, as well as increased serotonin levels. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Blood lipids, homocisteine, stress factors, and vitamins in clinically stable multiple sclerosis patients

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, modifications of some biochemical markers of cell damage were detected in MS patients during a phase of clinical inactivity. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Fatty-acid binding protein 4 gene variants and childhood obesity: potential implications for insulin sensitivity and CRP levels

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Childhood obesity is associated with higher FABP4 levels that may promote cardiometabolic risk. The presence of selective SNPs in the FABP4 gene may account for increased risk for insulin resistance or systemic inflammation in the context of obesity. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Decreased NPC1L1 expression in the liver from Chinese female gallstone patients

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The decreased hepatic NPC1L1 levels in female GS might indicate a downregulated reabsorption of biliary cholesterol in the liver, which, in turn, leads to the cholesterol supersaturation of bile. Our data are consistent with the possibility that hepatic NPC1L1 may be mediated by SREBP2. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Rapid bioassay-guided screening of toxic substances in vegetable oils that shorten the life of SHRSP rats

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

It has been consistently reported that vegetable oils including canola oil have a life shortening effect in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) and this toxic effect is not due to the fatty acid composition of the oil. Although it is possible that the phytosterol content or type of phytosterol present in vegetable oils may play some role in the life shortening effect observed in SHRSP rats this is still not completely resolved. Furthermore supercritical CO2 fractionation of canola oil with subsequent testing in SHRSP rats identified safe and toxic fractions however, the compounds responsible for life shortening effect were not characterised. The conventional approach to screen toxic substances in oils using rats takes more than six months and involves large number of anima...

Safety and efficacy trial of adipose-tissue derived oral preparation V-6 Immunitor (V-6): results of open-label, two-month, follow-up study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results demonstrate that V-6 is safe and has a potential as an anti-atherogenic and overweight/obesity immune intervention. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Docosahexaenoic acid prevents dendritic cell maturation and in vitro and in vivo expression of the IL-12 cytokine family

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Exposure of bone marrow-derived DC to DHA resulted in the maintenance of an immature phenotype and drastic reduction in proinflammatory cytokine release. DHA inhibited the expression and secretion of the IL-12 cytokine family members (IL-12p70, IL-23 and IL-27), which play essential roles in the differentiation of the proinflammatory Th1/Th17 effector cells. The effect of DHA on IL-12 expression was mediated through activation of PPARgamma and inhibition of NFkB. Inhibition of IL-12 and IL-23 expression was also evident in splenic DC from mice fed a DHA-enriched diet, suggesting that dietary DHA acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in vivo. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The association between serum levels of oxLDL-lgG and oxLDL-lgM autoantibody with adult acute myeloblastic leukaemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 31 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In the preliminary investigation we found a descensive oxLDL- lgG and an elevated oxLDL-lgM serum levels for the adult AML. Future studies need to confirm the hypothesis whether they related to the development and progression of adult AML. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effect of Apolipoprotein E genotype on Hepatitis C, HIV and Herpes Simplex disease risk: a literature review

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Apolipoprotein E is a polymorphic and multifunctional protein with numerous roles in lipoprotein metabolism. The three common isoforms apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4 show isoform-specific functional properties including different susceptibilities to diseases. ApoE4 is an accepted risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disorders. Recently, associations between apoE4 and infectious diseases have been demonstrated. This review summarises how apoE4 may be involved in the infection incidence and associated pathologies of specific infectious diseases, namely hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus disease and herpes simplex.ApoE4 seems to be protective against chronic hepatitis C virus infection and retards fibrosis progression. In contrast apoE4 enhances the fusion rate of human immun...

Acute effects of vinegar intake on some biochemical risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study suggest that vinegar, might have some acute effects on biochemical risk factors of atherosclerosis and a probable protective value can be considered for its postprandial use. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The dietary cholesterol increased the TG accumulation in liver, but did not stimulate the activity and the gene expression of hepatic enzymes related to TG and fatty acid biosynthesis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Cardiac and plasma lipid profiles in response to acute hypoxia in neonatal and young adult rats

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: There are differential effects of acute hypoxia on cardiac and plasma lipid profiles with maturation from the neonate to the young adult rat. Changes to neonatal cardiac and plasma lipid profiles during hypoxia likely allowed for greater metabolic and physiologic flexibility and increased chances for survival. Persistent alterations in the neonatal cardiac lipid profile following recovery from hypoxia may play a role in the development of rhythm disturbances. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Elucidation of the effects of a high fat diet on trace elements in rabbit tissues using atomic absorption spectroscopy

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that Fe plays a major role in atherogenesis; it may accelerate the process of atherosclerosis probably through the production of free radicals, deposition and absorption of intracellular and extracellular lipids in the intima, connective tissue formation, smooth muscle proliferation, lower matrix degradation capacity and increased plaque stability. Furthermore, inducing anemia in HFD rabbits may delay or inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. Cu plays a minor role in atherogenesis and Cu supplements may inhibit the progression of atherogenesis, perhaps by reducing the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima. Zn plays a major role in atherogenesis and that it may act as an endogenous protective factor against atherosclerosis perh...

Ovalbumin-induced plasma interleukin-4 levels are reduced in ceramide kinase-deficient DO11.10 RAG1-/- mice

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Ceramide kinase (CERK) produces the bioactive lipid ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) and is a key regulator of ceramide and dihydroceramide levels. It is likely that CERK and C1P play a role in inflammatory processes but the cells involved and the mechanisms used remain to be clarified. In particular, the impact of CERK on T-cell biology has not been studied so far. Here, we used Cerk -/- mice backcrossed with DO11.10/RAG1-/- mice to probe the effect of CERK ablation on T-cell activation. Levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and of interferon (INF)-gamma were recorded following ovalbumin challenge in vivo and using ovalbumin-treated splenocytes ex- vivo. Absence of CERK led to a significant decrease in the production of IL-4, thus suggesting that...

Transgenic fat-1 mouse as a model to study the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, neurological and psychiatric disorders

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) form an important constituent of all the cell membranes in the body. PUFAs such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) form precursors to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. Low-grade systemic inflammation occurs in clinical conditions such as insulin resistance, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, lupus, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias, cancer and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that are also characterized by an alteration in the metabolism of essential fatty acids in the form of excess production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and possibly, decreased synthesis and release of anti-inflammatory lipoxins, resolvi...

Effect of hyperlipidemia on the expression of circadian genes in apolipoprotein E knock-out atherosclerotic mice

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our studies suggested that heperlipidemia alterd both the rhythmicity and expression of circadian genes. Diet-induced circadian disruption may affect the process of atherosclerosis and some acute cardiovascular disease. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with decreased serum levels of high density lipoprotein, but not with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: : In conclusion, in the present study, a significantly correlation between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and angiographically evaluated severity of atherosclerosis was not find. And, the present study showed a good correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and decreased HDL cholesterol. However, the exact mechanisms need further study. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Depot-specific differences in perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase expression in lean and obese women

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We examined whether regional differences in perilipin expression contribute to impaired lipolytic rates. Methods: Abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues were obtained from six lean and ten obese women. We measured total protein content and relative distribution of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin proteins between lipid and non-lipid fractions in tissue homogenates. Hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin mRNA levels, adipocyte size, basal (non-stimulated) and noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis in isolated adipocytes were determined. Results: Adipocytes were significantly larger in the obese versus the lean women and in subcutaneous versus omental fat. Expressed as a function of cell number, basal lipolysis and noradrenaline responsiveness were higher in subcutaneous versus...

Comparison of the efficacy of administering a combination of ezetimibe plus fenofibrate versus atorvastatin monotherapy in the treatment of dyslipidemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The combination of ezetimibe plus fenofibrate appeared to produce nearly identical alterations in serum lipoprotein levels when compared to monotherapy with 10mg of atorvastatin. Daily treatment with the combination of ezetimibe plus fenofibrate is an acceptable alternative to atorvastatin for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients who are intolerant of statins. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Studies on HDL associated enzymes under experimental hypercholesterolemia: possible modulation on selenium supplementation

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Se supplementation appears to be protective in hypercholesterolemia by restoring the antioxidant properties of the HDL associated enzyme i.e. PON1 whereas biological system aims towards maintaining the same PAF-AH levels even on selenium supplementation indicating its probable role in both anti and pro-atherogenic activities. Therefore, Se supplementation might be a valuable approach to limit the adverse effects of hypercholesterolemia and may need further investigations. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Cytotoxicity of unsaturated fatty acids in fresh human tumor explants: concentration thresholds and implications for clinical efficacy

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The concentration threshold of 500 uM to 2 mM exhibited for antitumor activity by GLA and ALA is much higher than that observed in most previously reported cell culture studies but consistent with physiological concentrations found to kill tumor clinically and in animals. A mechanism of antitumor activity by unsaturated fatty acids through selective destabilization of the malignant plasma membrane is considered. An oral regimen is proposed for phase I clinical testing that could push the area under the curve for serum concentration of unbound unsaturated fatty acids over time to much higher levels than previously achieved for systemic administration and into the range that could yield antitumor response. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Fecal bile acid excretion and messenger RNA expression levels of ileal transporters in high risk gallstone patients

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Cholesterol gallstone disease (GS) is highly prevalent among Hispanics and American Indians. In GS, the pool of bile acids (BA) is decreased, suggesting that BA absorption is impaired. In Caucasian GS patients, mRNA levels for ileal BA transporters are decreased. We aimed to determine fecal BA excretion rates, mRNA levels for ileal BA transporter genes and of regulatory genes of BA synthesis in Hispanic GS patients. Results: Excretion of fecal BA was measured in seven GS females and in ten GS-free individuals, all with a body mass index < 29. Participants ingested the stool marker Cr2O3 (300 mg/day) for 10 days, and fecal specimens were collected on the last 3 days. Chromium was measured by a colorimetric method, and BA was quantitated by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. I...

Boswellic acid inhibits expression of acid sphingomyelinase in intestinal cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We identified a novel inhibitory effect of boswellic acids on acid SMase expression, which may have implications in human diseases and health. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Analysis of recently identified dyslipidemia alleles reveals two loci that contribute to risk for carotid artery disease

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our analysis of 34 SNPs contributing to dyslipidemia at 23 loci suggests that genetic variation in the 1p13.3 region may increase risk of CAAD by increasing LDL particle number, whereas variation in the 19q13.2 region may increase CAAD risk by promoting formation of smaller, denser LDL particles. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The solubilisation of boar sperm membranes by different detergents - a microscopic, MALDI-TOF MS, 31P NMR and PAGE study on membrane lysis, extraction efficiency, lipid and protein composition

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The boar sperm membranes are solubilised to a different extent by the used detergents. Particularly, the very unique DRMs isolated after Triton X-100 exposure are interesting candidates for further studies regarding the architecture of sperm. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The solubilisation of boar sperm membranes by different detergents - a microscopic, MALDI TOF MS, 31P NMR and PAGE study on membrane lysis, extraction efficiency, lipid and protein composition

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The boar sperm membranes are solubilised to a different extent by the used detergents. Particularly, the very unique DRMs isolated after Triton X-100 exposure are interesting candidates for further studies regarding the architecture of sperm. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Association of serum levels of lipid and its novel constituents with the different stages of esophageal carcinoma

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The present study shows that the decreased oxLDL and oxLDL-ab and the elevated oxLDL-lgM serum levels may relate to the development and progression of ESSC. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Correction: Modulation Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and Acyl Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase1 (ACAT1) Gene expression by Fatty Acids in Foam cell

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Following publication of this work [1] Dr Emamian has requested to be be removed as an author as although he saw the first draft he did not see the second and did not approve the work for publication. He also specifically requested not to be included as an author. An apology is extended to Dr Emamian. The Authors Contributions section has been modified as below. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Amyloid-beta colocalizes with apolipoprotein B in absorptive cells of the small intestine

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The findings of this study are consistent with the possibility that amyloid-beta is secreted by enterocytes as an apolipoprotein component of chylomicrons. However, secretion of amyloid-beta appears to be independent of chylomicron biogenesis (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Low and moderate-fat plant sterol fortified soy milk in modulation of plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics in subjects with normal to high cholesterol concentrations: report on two randomized crossover studies

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Although consumption of various plant sterol (PS)-enriched beverages is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol, the lipid-lowering potential of PS in a soymilk format has not been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of PS-enriched soy beverages on plasma lipids and cholesterol kinetics, we conducted two separate 28 d dietary controlled cross-over studies. In study 1, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a low-fat (2 g/serving) PS enriched soy beverage was examined in 33 normal cholesterolemic subjects in comparison with 1% dairy milk. In study 2, we investigated the efficacy of a moderate-fat (3.5 g/serving) PS-enriched soy beverage on plasma cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol kinetic responses in 23 hypercholesterolemic subjects compared with...

Long term effects on human plasma lipoproteins of a formulation enriched in butter milk polar lipid.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study did not show any significant decrease on plasma lipids or lipoprotein levels of an SL-enriched formulation containing 2-3 times more SL than the normal dietary intake on cholesterol, other plasma lipids or on energy intake. The formulation A may, however, have counteracted the trend towards increased blood lipid concentrations caused by increased energy intake that was seen with the B formulation. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Gln27Glu variant of Beta2-adrenoceptor gene affects male type fat accumulation in women

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The Glu allele of the BAR2 gene may be a risk factor for visceral fat accumulation in young to middle-aged women. However, this polymorphism was not associated with preclinical atherosclerosis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

A high oleic sunflower oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols mixed with dietary diacylglycerol reduces plasma insulin and body fat accumulation in Psammomys obesus

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study we used an animal model of type 2 diabetes to assess the effects of a preparation of PS esterified to high oleic sunflower oil fatty acids mixed with dietary diacylglycerol (PS-HOSO) on diabetic related metabolic parameters. Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) were fed high energy (HE) diet supplemented by either PS-HOSO or control oil. Following 4.5 weeks of intervention, animals were divided into fasting and non-fasting modes prior to outcome measurements. Glucose and insulin levels as well as blood lipid profile, body weight, and fat accumulation were evaluated in fasting and non-fasting modes. Results: P. obesus fed with a HE diet displayed a characteristic heterogeneity in their blood glucose and insulin levels with a subset group displaying type 2 diabetes symptoms. PS-HOSO tr...

Effects of ezetimibe add-on therapy for high-risk patients with dyslipidemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Ezetimibe (Zetia) is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol absorption that has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Statin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, is the first-choice drug to reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) for patients with hypercholesterolemia, due to its strong effect to lower the circulating LDL-C levels. Because a high dose of statins cause concern about rhabdomyolysis, it is sometimes difficult to achieve the guideline-recommended levels of LDL-C in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia treated with statin monotherapy. Ezetimibe has been reported to reduce LDL-C safely with both monotherapy and combination therapy with statins. Results: To investigate the effect of ezetimibe as "add-on" therapy to statin on hyperch...

Effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: a randomized double-blind study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: There is increasing interest in natural treatments to control dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and of dietary isoflavones on the lipid profile. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with E. faecium CRL183, on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned to eight groups fed on the following diets for 60 days: C - control; IY - isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; H - hypercholesterolemic (1.0% cholesterol wt/wt diet); HY - hypercholesterolemic plus soy yogurt; HIY -...

Modulation Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and Acyl Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase1 (ACAT1) Gene expression by Fatty Acids in Foam cell

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that different fatty acids have different effects on gene expression and lipid metabolism and for complete conception study of the genes involved in lipid metabolism in foam cell all at once maybe is benefit. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Modulation Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptor alpha (PPAR a) and Acyl Coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase1 (ACAT1)gene expression by Fatty Acids in Foam cell

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that different fatty acids have different effects ongene expression and lipid metabolism and for complete conception study of the genesinvolved in lipid metabolism in foam cell all at once maybe is benefit. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Associations between estimated fatty acid desaturase activities in serum lipids and adipose tissue in humans: links to obesity and insulin resistance

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids and adipose tissue triacylglycerols (AT-TAG) partly reflect dietary fatty acid intake. The fatty acid composition is, besides the diet, also influenced by desaturating enzymes that can be estimated using product-to-precursor fatty acid ratios. The interrelationships between desaturase indices derived from different serum lipid fractions and adipose tissue are unclear, as well as their associations with obesity and insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional correlations between desaturase indices as measured in serum lipid fractions (phospholipids; PL and free fatty acids; FFA) and in adipose tissue (AT-TAG). In a population-based sample of 301 healthy 60-year-old men various desaturase indices were assessed: stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (1...

Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid on resting and exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of EPA/DHA supplementation on resting and exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in exercise-trained men. Fourteen men supplemented with 2224mg EPA+2208mg DHA and a placebo for 6 weeks in a random order, double blind cross-over design (with an 8 week washout) prior to performing a 60 minute treadmill climb using a weighted pack. Blood was collected pre and post exercise and analyzed for a variety of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. Blood lactate, muscle soreness, and creatine kinase activity were also measured. Results: Treatment with EPA/DHA resulted in a significant increase in blood levels of both EPA (18+/-2umolL-1 vs. 143+/-23umolL-1; p (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Isomer-specific effects of CLA on gene expression in human adipose tissue depending on PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphism

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion these data suggested that the isomer specific influence of CLA on glucose and lipid metabolism is genotype dependent and at least in part mediated by PPARgamma.Trail registration www.controlled-trials.com: ISRCTN91188075 (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Skeletal muscle structural lipids improve during weight-maintenance after a very low calorie dietary intervention

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 12 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The objective was to investigate in a group of obese subjects the course in skeletal muscle phospholipid (SMPL) fatty acids (FA) during a 24-weeks weight maintenance program, which was preceded by a successful very low calorie dietary intervention (VLCD). Special focus was addressed to SMPL omega-3 FA, which is a lipid entity that influences insulin action. Methods: Nine obese subjects (BMI=35.7 +/- 1.0kg/m2), who had completed an 8 weeks VLCD (weight-loss=-9.7 +/- 1.6kg, P (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effect of the dietary supplement Meltdown(R) on catecholamine secretion, markers of lipolysis, and metabolic rate in men and women: a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Ingestion of Meltdown(R) results in an increase in catecholamine secretion, lipolysis, and metabolic rate in young men and women, with a similar response for both sexes. Meltdown(R) may prove to be an effective intervention strategy for fat loss, assuming individuals are normotensive and their treatment is monitored by a qualified health care professional. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Lipoprotein lipase expression, serum lipid and tissue lipid deposition in orally-administered glycyrrhizic acid-treated rats

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Results from this study may imply that GA could counteract the development of visceral obesity and improve dyslipidaemia via selective induction of tissue LPL expression and a positive shift in serum lipid parameters respectively, and retard the development of IR associated with tissue steatosis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Protonated Nanostructured aluminosilicate reduces plasma cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerotic lesions in Apolipoprotein E deficient mice fed a High cholesterol and high fat diet

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, in this study, the effectivity of chronic administration of protonated NSAS material in reduction of plasma cholesterol levels and decrease in development of atherosclerotic lesions was demonstrated in Apo-E deficient mice model. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Metabolism of fatty acids and lipid hydroperoxides in human body monitoring with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The measurements of lip surface lipids with FTIR-ATR technique may advance the investigation of human lipid metabolism in situ non-invasively. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Haptoglobin inhibits phospholipid transfer protein activity in hyperlipidemic human plasma

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Haptoglobin is a plasma protein that scavenges haemoglobin during haemolysis. Phospholipid Transfer Protein (PLTP) transfers lipids from Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) to High Density Lipoproteins (HDL). PLTP is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which causes coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in North America. It has been shown that Apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) binds and regulates PLTP activity. Haptoglobin can also bind to Apo-A1, affecting the ability of Apo-A1 to induce enzymatic activities. Thus we hypothesize that haptoglobin inhibits PLTP activity. This work tested the effect of Haptoglobin and Apo-A1 addition on PLTP activity in human plasma samples. The results will contribute to our understanding of the role of haptoglobin on modulating rev...

Effects of cardiovascular lifestyle change on lipoprotein subclass profiles defined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated changes in plasma lipoprotein profiles determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in patients participating in a prospective, nonrandomized lifestyle modification program designed to reverse or stabilize progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) to improve our understanding of lipoprotein management in cardiac patients. Results: The lifestyle intervention was effective in producing significant changes in lipoprotein subclasses that contribute to CAD risk. There was a clear beneficial effect on the total number of LDL particles (-8.3%, p (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk is associate to weight gain and growth in premature infants

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These results suggest that the n-3 PUFA composition of milk may be considered an important predictor of weight gain and growth. Considering the advantages of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption on infant growth and visual function and its association with reduced incidence of premature birth, dietitians should advise pregnant women to increase their intake of foods high in n-3 LC-PUFA. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Sex-associated effect of CETP and LPL polymorphisms on postprandial lipids in familial hypercholesterolaemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that gender and TaqIB polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene were both associated with the distribution of triglyceride values after oral fat tolerance test, only in subjects with a pathological response to oral fat tolerance test. Specifically, men carrying the B2 allele of the TaqIB polymorphism showed a higher postprandial triglyceride peak and a delayed return to basal values compared with women carrying B2. However, further investigations in larger populations are required to replicate and confirm these findings. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Influence of conjugated linoleic acid on the porcine immune response and morbidity: a randomized controlled trial

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has diverse influences on the immune response in different experimental models. In the present study we investigated the effect of CLA feeding on inflammatory and immune responses in a piglet model. We studied the duration of this effect and possible detrimental effects of CLA feeding. After 12 weeks of CLA and control supplementation and washout, animals were sacrificed and parenchymal organs were histologically examined. Results: In activated peripheral mononuclear cells interferon-gamma was significantly (p=0.008) lower in the CLA group by the end of the feeding period. This effect disappeared as soon as supplementation stopped. No differences were found in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10 production, serum immunoglobulin-G leve...

Fatty acid patterns early after premature birth, simultaneously analysed in mothers' food, breast milk and serum phospholipids of mothers and infants.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although dietary w3 FAs were insufficient in an unselected cohort of mothers of premature infants, breastfeeding resulted in increased levels of DHA in the premature infants at the expense of the mothers, suggesting a general need to increase dietary w3 FAs during pregnancy and lactation. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) in leukocytes and body composition in healthy adults

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as serum platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity constitutes a novel risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Leukocytes constitute one main cellular source of circulating Lp-PLA2. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of both serum and leukocyte PAF-AH activities with fat distribution and lean tissue. One hundred healthy volunteers without cardiovascular disease history participated in this study (n=52 men, 44+/-13 years and n=48 women, 43+/-13 years). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while anthropometrical indices were also measured. The activity of Lp-PLA2 and levels of lipid and glycemic parameters were determined in fasting samples. Re...

The effect of dietary red palm oil on the functional recovery of the ischaemic/reperfused isolated rat heart: the involvement of the PI3-Kinase signaling pathway

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 29 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

We have previously shown that dietary red palm oil (RPO) supplementation improves functional recovery in hearts subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Unfortunately, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are still poorly understood and no knowledge exists regarding the effects of RPO supplementation on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) signaling pathway and apoptosis during ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, the aims of the present study were three fold: (i) to establish the effect of RPO on the functional recovery of the heart after ischaemia/reperfuion injury; (ii) to determine the effect of the PI3-K pathway in RPO-induced protection with the aid of an inhibitor (wortmannin); and (iii) to evaluate apoptosis in our model. Wistar rats ...

Is adiponectin associated with acute myocardial infarction in Iranian non obese patients?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Backgrounds: Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived mediator with significant anti-atherogenic properties. A few studies were done in acute phase of myocardial infarction especially in non obese patients. We design a study to investigate the association between adiponectin concentration and acute phase of myocardial infarction in non obese patients. Methods: This case-control study was done in Paymaneah Hospital (Jahrom, Iran) from Feb 2007 to May 2008. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 43 patients with acute myocardial infarction (mean age: 62.7+/- 13.3 years, male: 67.4%) at the first 24 hours of admission and 43 normal controls (mean age: 62.1 +/- 12.3years, male: 55.8%) matched for age, sex and other coronary artery disease risk factors. Results: Adiponectin levels in patien...

Mclk1+/- mice are not resistant to the development of atherosclerosis

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These findings indicate that although Mclk1 heterozygosity can extend lifespan of mice, it does not necessarily protect against atherosclerosis. Moreover, in the presence of hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammation, Mclk1 heterozygosity is incapable of extending lifespan. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of 9cis,11trans and 10trans,12cis CLA on osteoclast formation and activity from human CD14+ monocytes

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 29 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: 9,11 CLA inhibits osteoclast formation and activity from human cells, suggesting that this isomer may prevent bone resorption in humans. Although 10,12 CLA did not significantly reduce osteoclast formation, it reduced osteoclast activity and cathepsin K and RANK expression, suggesting that this isomer may also affect bone resorption. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Angiogenesis in the New Zealand obese mouse model fed with high fat diet

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 06 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Observed changes in the NZO mice on HF diet argue for the hyperglycemia related activation of angiogenesis, leading to the formation of pathological, immature network. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Macrophage cholesterol efflux correlates with lipoprotein subclass distribution and risk of obstructive coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 06 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Macrophage cholesterol efflux is inversely correlated with lipoprotein particle size and risk of CAD. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Small and dense LDL in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia and N291S polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase gene

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

There is a predominance of small and dense LDL cholesterol particles in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). The lipoprotein lipase gene could exert an influence in these circumstances. To study the relationship of pattern B LDL and lipids with N291S polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in FCH patients. Lipid profile, apolipoproteins, diameter of LDL and N291S polymorphism were determined in 93 patients with FCH and 286 individuals from the general population. FCH patients with N291S polymorphism showed a lower mean diameter of LDL. FCH patients with pattern B LDL showed higher concentrations of triglycerides, VLDLc, non-HDLc and apo B100 and lower levels of HDLc than those with pattern A. Of FCH patients with polymorphism 87.5% presented pattern B and 12.5% pattern A, while patien...

Increased body mass and depressive symptomatology are associated with hypercholesterolemia, among elderly individuals; results from the MEDIS study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important factors causing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relationships between socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle and depression status and the presence of hypercholesterolemia, among elderly individuals without known CVD. Methods: During 2005-2007, 1190 elderly (aged 65 to 100 years) men and women (from Cyprus, Mitilini, Samothraki, Cephalonia, Crete, Lemnos, Corfu and Zakynthos) were enrolled. Socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors were assessed through standard procedures. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the short-form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, range 0-15). Dietary habits were assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Hyper...

Arachidonic acid increases matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and expression in human monocytic MonoMac 6 cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study shows that of the PUFA studied, AA alone influences the expression of MMP-9, which might have implications in MMP-9 induced plaque rupture. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Omega 3 fatty acids reduce myeloid progenitor cell frequency in the bone marrow of mice and promote progenitor cell differentiation

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 18 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results indicate that omega 3 fatty acids impact hematopoietic differentiation by reducing myeloid progenitor cell frequency in the bone marrow and promoting progenitor cell differentiation. Further exploration of this discovery could lead to the use of omega 3 fatty acids as a therapeutic option for patients that have various disorders of hematopoiesis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Gamma-linolenic acid inhibits both tumour cell cycle progression and angiogenesis in the orthotopic C6 glioma model through changes in VEGF, Flt1, ERK1/2, MMP2, cyclin D1, pRb, p53 and p27 protein expression

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Overall the findings reported in the present study lend further support to the potential of GLA as an inhibitor of glioma cell proliferation in vivo and show it has direct effects upon cell cycle control and angiogenesis. These effects involve changes in protein expression of VEGF, Flt1, ERK1, ERK2, MMP2, Cyclin D1, pRb, p53 and p27. Combination therapy using drugs with other, complementary targets and GLA could lead to gains in treatment efficacy in this notoriously difficult to treat tumour. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 02 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Irvingia gabonensis administered 150 mg twice daily before meals to overweight and/or obese human volunteers favorably impacts body weight and a variety of parameters characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. This is the first double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial regarding the anti-obesity and lipid profile modulating effects of an Irvingia gabonensis extract. The positive clinical results, together with our previously published mechanisms of gene expression modulation related to key metabolic pathways in lipid metabolism, provide impetus for much larger clinical studies. Irvingia gabonensis extract may prove to be a useful tool in dealing with the emerging global epidemics of obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and their co-morbid conditions.Trial...

IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 02 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Irvingia gabonensis administered 150 mg twice daily before meals to overweight and/ or obese human volunteers favorably impacts body weight and a variety of parameters characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. This is the first double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial regarding the anti-obesity and lipid profile modulating effects of an Irvingia gabonensis extract. The positive clinical results, together with our previously published mechanisms of gene expression modulation related to key metabolic pathways in lipid metabolism, provide impetus for much larger clinical studies. Irvingia gabonensis extract may prove to be a useful tool in dealing with the emerging global epidemics of obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and their co-morbid conditions. Tri...

Novel Point Mutations Attenuate Autotaxin Activity

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: H226Q-ATX and H434Q-ATX are the first point mutations of ATX/NPP2 demonstrated to differentially impair substrate hydrolysis, with hydrolysis of artificial substrates being disproportionately lower than that of LPC. This implies that H226 and H434 are important for substrate interaction. Assays that rely on hydrolyses of artificial substrates (FS-3 and pNpTMP), or that rely on hydrolysis of cell-derived substrate, might fail to detect certain mutated forms of ATX that are nonetheless capable of producing LPA in the presence of sufficient exogenous substrate. H420Q-ATX could not be differentiated from WT-ATX, indicating that histidine at position 420 is not required for any of the activities of ATX tested in this study. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Role of MAPK in apolipoprotein CIII-induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 05 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: It is suggested that elevated circulating apoCIII levels may contribute to beta-cell apoptosis via activation of p38 and ERK1/2 in individuals with T2DM. Therapies aiming at normalizing levels of apoCIII could be beneficial not only for the function of the beta-cell but also for cardiovascular protection. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Endocannabinoids in Alzheimer's disease and their impact on normative cognitive performance: a case-control and cohort study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 14 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Neuropathological, animal, and cell culture studies point to a role for the body's own endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and treatment. To date, no published studies have investigated the potential utility of circulating eCBs as diagnostic biomarkers for AD or the impact of central eCBs on cognition. Results: In comparison with healthy controls, there were no significant differences in measured eCB concentrations in plasma samples from patients with AD. Detectable eCBs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had no relationship to cognitive performance in healthy controls at risk for AD. In pooled plasma samples, an inverse correlation was observed between plasma levels of the eCB 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) and TNF-alpha (r= -0.41, p (Source: L...

Effects of probiotic bacteria , isoflavones and simvastatin on lipid profile and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits: a randomized double-blind study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 07 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The results indicated that probiotic microorganism E.faecium CRL 183 could be used to improve the lipid profile as an alternative or an adjuvant for drug therapy. The effectiveness of simvastatin in the management of blood lipid was confirmed. There were no effects of soy isoflavones, E. faecium and simvastatin on atherosclerosis development. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of a ferment soy product on the adipocyte area reduction and dyslipidemia control in hypercholesterolemic adult male rats

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 16 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The fermented soy product enriched with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus Jugurti decreased circulating lipids levels and reduced adipocyte area in rats. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Fat-to-glucose interconversion by hydrodynamic transfer of two glyoxylate cycle enzime genes

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 10 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The glyoxylate cycle, which is well characterized in higher plants and some microorganisms but not in vertebrates, is able to bypass the citric acid cycle to achieve fat-to-carbohydrate interconversion. In this context, the hydrodynamic transfer of two glyoxylate cycle enzymes, such as isocytrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (MS), could accomplish the shift of using fat for the synthesis of glucose. Therefore, 20 mice weighing 23.37 +/- 0.96 g were hydrodinamically gene transferred by administering into the tail vein a bolus with ICL and MS. After 36 hours, body weight, plasma glucose, respiratory quotient and energy expenditure were measured. The respiratory quotient was increased by gene transfer, which suggests that a higher carbohydrate/lipid ratio is oxidized in such animals. This ...

Enhanced production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in very long chain saturated fatty acid-accumulated macrophages

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 28 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggested that VLCSFA accumulation in macrophages may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases through the enhancement of inflammatory and oxidative responses. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

A rapid 3% polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis method for high through put screening of LDL phenotype

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 26 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The rapid 3% polyacrylamide slab gel electrphoresis method developed is simple to perform, cost-effective and can be used for the identification LDL sub fractionation and phenotyping in large epidemiological studies. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and plasma levels in healthy Tunisians and patients with coronary artery disease

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although APO (a) PNR, APO CI and APO CII genes are analyzed in only few populations, they show a frequency distribution, which is not at variance with that of APO E gene and other widely studied genetic markers. In the Tunisian population the APO E4 appears to be only indirectly involved in the severity of CAD. In the routine practice, in addition of classic parameters, it will be useful to measure the concentration of apo E and that of Homocysteine and if possible to determine the APO E gene polymorphism. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The influence of feeding linoleic, gamma-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acid rich oils on rat brain tumor fatty acids composition and fatty acid binding protein 7 mRNA expression

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 16 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Dietary supplementation of DHA containing oil could be an effective way to increase levels of long chain n-3 fatty acids in brain tumors and this increase may be mediated partly by up-regulation of FABP7 expression. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Inhibition of adipogenesis by Irvingia gabonensis seed extract (IGOB131) as mediated via down regulation of the PPAR gamma and leptin genes, and up-regulation of the adiponectin gene.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: IGOB131 may play an important multifaceted role in the control of adipogenesis and have further implications in in-vivo anti obesity effects by targeting the PPAR gamma gene, a known contributory factor to obesity in humans. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effect of opium addiction on new and traditional cardiovascular risk factors: Do duration of addiction and route of administration matter?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study demonstrated the deleterious effects of opium on some traditional and new cardiovascular disease risk factors. These deleterious effects are related to the period of addiction and their levels are significantly increased after 2 years of addiction .Route of administration impresses cardiovascular risk factors and "Sikh-Sang" showed the worst effect. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

No effect of an oleoylethanolamide-related phospholipid on satiety and energy intake: a randomised controlled trial of phosphatidylethanolamine

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 29 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a phospholipid which is biosynthesized into long chain N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) including oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a known inhibitor of food intake. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PE-containing lipids can also inhibit intake. This was a 4 treatment intervention where 18 male participants were given a high-fat test breakfast (2.5MJ, 53 en% fat) containing (i) high-phospholipid, high-PE lipid (ii) high-phospholipid, medium-PE lipid (iii) no-phospholipid, no-PE control lipid or (iv) water control, in a randomised cross-over. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess post-ingestive hunger and satiety, and energy intake (EI) was measured at an ad libitum lunch meal after 3.5hours. Results: When compared with the water ...

Secular trends in cholesterol lipoproteins and triglycerides and prevalence of dyslipidemias in an urban Indian population

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 24 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Coronary heart disease is increasing in urban Indian subjects and lipid abnormalities are important risk factors. To determine secular trends in prevalence of various lipid abnormalities we performed studies in an urban Indian population. Methods: Successive epidemiological Jaipur Heart Watch (JHW) studies were performed in Western India in urban locations. The studies evaluated adults >20 years for multiple coronary risk factors using standardized methodology (JHW-1, 1993-94, n=2212; JHW-2, 1999-2001, n=1123; JHW-3, 2002-03, n=458, and JHW-4 2004-2005, n=1127). For the present analyses data of subjects 20-59 years (n= 4136, men 2341, women 1795) have been included. In successive studies, fasting measurements for cholesterol lipoproteins (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HD...

Effects on hemodynamics and gas exchange of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched lipid emulsion in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 23 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The lipid emulsion enriched with omega-3 fatty acids was safe and well tolerated in short-term administration to patients with ARDS. It did not cause any significant changes in hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters. Trial registration: ISRCTN63673813 (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Taurine reduces the secretion of apolipoprotein B100 and lipids in HepG2 cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 17 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This is a first report to demonstrate that taurine inhibits the secretion of apoB from HepG2 cells. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Essential fatty acids and their metabolites could function as endogenous HMG-CoA reductase and ACE enzyme inhibitors, anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and cardioprotective molecules

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Lowering plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), blood pressure, homocysteine, and preventing platelet aggregation using a combination of a statin, three blood pressure lowering drugs such as a thiazide, a beta blocker, and an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor each at half standard dose; folic acid; and aspirin-called as polypill- was estimated to reduce cardiovascular events by ~80%. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their long-chain metabolites: gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-GLA (DGLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other products such as prostaglandins E1 (PGE1), prostacyclin (PGI2), PGI3, lipoxins (LXs), resolvins, protectins including neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) prevent platelet aggregation, lower blood press...

Acne vulgaris, mental health and omega-3 fatty acids: a report of cases

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 13 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition, one that is associated with significant psychological disability. The psychological impairments in acne include higher rates of depression, anxiety, anger and suicidal thoughts. Despite a paucity of clinical research, patients with skin conditions and/or mental health disorders are frequent consumers of dietary supplements. An overlap may exist between nutrients that potentially have both anti-acne and mood regulating properties; examples include omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil, chromium, zinc and selenium. Here we report on five cases of acne treated with eicosapentaenoic acid and antioxidant nutrients. Self-administration of these nutrients may have improved inflammatory acne lesions and global aspects of well-being; the observations suggest a ...

Conjugated linoleic acid content of human plasma

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 30 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a naturally occurring anticarcinogen found in dairy products, is an intermediary product of ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Few data exist on the CLA content of the human blood plasma. The determination of a "normal" content could help in estimating if a person consumes satisfactory amounts of CLA with the diet and thus takes advantage of its potential beneficial effects on health. The purpose of this study was to compare the plasma CLA content of individuals not consuming dairy products (group 1, n=12), individuals consuming normal amounts of dairy products (group 2, n=77) and individuals consuming CLA supplement (group 3, n=12). The only CLA isomer that pre-sented higher percentage than the detection limit (0.03 % of total fatty ac...

Genetic studies on the APOA1-C3-A5 gene cluster in Asian Indians with premature coronary artery disease

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The APOC3-Sac1 SNP is an important genetic variant that is associated with CAD through its interaction with plasma lipids and other standard risk factors among Asian Indians. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of butter naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid on blood lipids and LDL particle size in growing pigs

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 29 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Growing pigs fed diets containing butter naturally enriched in about 20 g c9,t11-CLA plus VA daily for three weeks, had increased serum concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and decreased myristic and palmitic acid compared to pigs fed regular butter, implying a potential benefit of the CLA+VA butter on serum fatty acid composition. Butter enriched in CLA+VA does not appear to have significant effect on the plasma lipoprotein profile in pigs. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of Krill Oil on serum lipids of hyperlipidemic rats and human SW480 cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 29 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the consumption of KO may provide benefits to control serum lipid levels in certain diseases and inhibit growth of colon cancer cells. Therefore, KO may be a good candidate for development as a functional food and nutraceutical. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Isoforms of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are increased in chronic diseases of the kidney but not of the liver

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 27 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Background: The levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) - the carrier for Vitamin A in plasma - are tightly regulated under healthy circumstances. The kidney, the main site of RBP4 catabolism, contributes to an elevation of RBP4 levels during chronic kidney disease (CKD) whereas during chronic liver disease (CLD) RBP4 levels decrease. Little is known about RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4, holo-RBP4 as well as RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L and RBP4-LL) except that RBP4 isoforms have been reported to be increased in hemodialysis patients. Since it is not known whether CLD influence RBP4 isoforms, we investigated RBP4 levels, apo- and holo-RBP4 as well as RBP4-L and RBP4-LL in plasma of 36 patients suffering from CKD, in 55 patients suffering from various CLD and in 50 control ...

Albuminuria and its correlates in an Iranian type 2 diabetic population

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sun, 10 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence and correlates of increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in an Iranian type 2 diabetic population. Methods: Over a one year period since October 2002, 400 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients referred to an outpatient diabetes clinic, were enrolled in a cross sectional study. Subjects had no history of renal impairment or overt proteinuria. Data concerning demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were recorded and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Glucose, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, apoprotein B, lipoprotein a, creatinine, and HbA1c were measured in fasting blood samples. Overnight twelve-hour UAE were assessed by immunoturbidometry method. Regression analyses were employed to determine the correlates of UA...

The prevention of endothelial dysfunction through endothelial cell apoptosis inhibition in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model: the effect of L-arginine supplementation

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sat, 02 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Background: The impact of L-arginine on atherogenesis and its ability to prevent endothelial dysfunction have been studied extensively during the past years. L-arginine is a substance for nitric oxide synthesis which involves in apoptosis. Hypercholesterolemia promotes endothelial dysfunction, and it is hypothesized that L-arginine prevents endothelial dysfunction through endothelial cells apoptosis inhibition. To test this hypothesis, thirty rabbits were assigned into two groups. The control group received 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, and the L-arginine group received same diets plus 3% L-arginine in drinking water. Results: No significant differences were observed in cholesterol level between two groups, but the nitrite concentration in L-arginine group was significantly higher than ...

Weight loss and brown adipose tissue reduction in rat model of sleep apnea

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 31 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our preliminary results justify a larger study for a longer time in order to confirm the effect of isocapnic intermittent hypoxia on body weight and BAT. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Increased plasma apoM levels in the patients suffered from hepatocellular carcinoma and other chronic liver diseases

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 24 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions It is concluded that serum TG, apoAI, HDL-C and Lp(a) were significantly decreased in HCC patients than in controls, whereas plasma apoM levels were significantly increased in the HCC patients. Decreased serum TG, apoAI, HDL-C and Lp(a) may reflect the liver damage in HCC patients, whereas the clinical significance of increased plasma apoM levels in relation to HCC is not clear. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), prevents the damaging effects of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha during murine skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 18 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-cachetic properties that may have potential benefits with regards to skeletal muscle atrophy conditions where inflammation is present. It is also reported that pathologic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are associated with muscle wasting, exerted through inhibition of myogenic differentiation and enhanced apoptosis. These findings led us to hypothesize that EPA may have a protective effect against skeletal muscle damage induced by the actions of TNF-alpha. Results: The deleterious effects of TNF-alpha on C2C12 myogenesis were completely inhibited by co-treatment with EPA. Thus, EPA prevented the TNF-mediated loss of MyHC expression and ...

Lipoprotein Binding Preference of CD36 is Altered by Filipin Treatment

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 26 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

The class B scavenger receptor CD36 binds multiple ligands, including oxidized and native lipoprotein species. CD36 and the related receptor SR-B1 have been localized to caveolae, domains that participate in cell signaling, transcytosis, and regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Previous work has indicated that the ligand preference of CD36 may depend on the cell type in which it is expressed. To determine if the presence or absence of caveolae is the determining factor for lipoprotein preference, we treated CHO-CD36 and C32 cells with filipin. Filipin treatment rapidly increased the binding capacity of CD36 for the native lipoproteins HDL and LDL, but did not affect the binding capacity of CD36 for oxidized LDL. Filipin treatment affected the distribution of caveolin and CD36 su...

Effect of dietary fat on hepatic liver X receptor expression in P-glycoprotein deficient mice: implications for cholesterol metabolism

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 11 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Pgp (P-glycoprotein, MDR1, ABCB1) is an energy-dependent drug efflux pump that is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins. Preliminary studies have reported that nonspecific inhibitors of Pgp affect synthesis and esterification of cholesterol, putatively by blocking trafficking of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum, and that relative increases in Pgp within a given cell type are associated with increased accumulation of cholesterol. Several key efflux proteins involved in the cholesterol metabolic pathway are transcriptionally regulated by the nuclear hormone liver X receptor (LXR). Therefore, to examine the interplay between P-glycoprotein and the cholesterol metabolic pathway, we utilized a high fat, normal cholesterol diet to upregula...

Plasma PCSK9 levels are significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 11 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that in vivo (1) statins directly increase PCSK9 expression while (2) fibrates affect PCSK9 expression indirectly through its modulation of cholesterol levels and (3) that these therapies could be improved by combination with a PCSK9 inhibitor, constituting a novel hypercholesterolemic therapy, since PCSK9 was significantly upregulated by both treatments. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The effects of beta2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism in lipid profiles

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 21 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: When the effects of Apo E and PLA2 on lipid profiles were included in this study, beta2-AR gene polymorphisms reduced significant effect on lipid profiles. Similarly, low income increased effect on HDL-C. This study appeared that the results of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction, it should be considered in further studies for lipid profiles. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Can endogenous lipid molecules serve as predictors and prognostic markers of coronary heart disease?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 20 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Dyslipidemia, and inflammatory markers: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and lipid peroxides (LP) are insufficient to predict the onset, extent, and prognosis of CHD. Lipoxins (LXs), resolvins, and protectins are derived from omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and omega-6 arachidonic acid in the presence of aspirin; whereas nitrolipids are formed due to the interaction between polyunsaturated fatty acids and nitric oxide (NO). LXs, resolvins, protectins, and nitrolipids are endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid molecules that inhibit production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha), suppress free radical generation, enhance NO gene...

Characteristic comparison of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoprotein measurement between a new homogenous assay (RemL-C) and a conventional immunoseparation method (RLP-C)

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sat, 17 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that there is generally a significant correlation between RemL-C and RLP-C. However, RemL-C assay is likely to reflect IDL more closely than RLP-C. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Changes in cholesterol kinetics following sugar cane policosanol supplementation: a randomized control trial

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The findings of the present study fail to support previous research concerning efficacy and mechanism of action for policosanols. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of a high fat diet on bone of growing rats . Correlations between visceral fat, adiponectin and bone mass density.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

This study confirms in growing rats that a high fat diet is pathogenic, including bone metabolism. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Synergistic effects of high fat feeding and apolipoprotein E deletion on enterocytic amyloid-beta abundance

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The findings of this study are consistent with the notion that lipid substrate availability modulates enterocytic Abeta. Apo E may influence enterocytic lipid availability by modulating absorptive capacity. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This research shows that simple lifestyle modifications such as adding raisins to the diet or increasing steps walked have distinct beneficial effects on CVD risk. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The use of a Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination in the management of weight loss: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 31 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although the Cissus quadrangularis-only group showed significant reductions on all variables compared to the placebo group, the Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination resulted in even larger reductions. This apparently synergistic formulation should prove helpful in the management of obesity and its related complications. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The effect of Korean pine nut oil on in vitro CCK release, on appetite sensations and on gut hormones in post-menopausal overweight women

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 20 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated whether Korean pine nut free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) work as an appetite suppressant. Korean pine nut FFA were evaluated in STC-1 cell culture for their ability to increase cholecystokinin (CCK-8) secretion vs. several other dietary fatty acids from Italian stone pine nut fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and capric acid used as a control. At 50 uM concentration, Korean pine nut FFA produced the greatest amount of CCK-8 release (493 pg/ml) relative to the other fatty acids and control (46pg/ml). A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial including 18 overweight post-menopausal women was performed. Subjects received capsules with 3 g Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) nut FFA, 3 g pine nut TG or 3 g placebo (...

Effect of leptin infusion on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in diet-induced lipodystrophy model mice

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 18 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We expect the use of this model for clarifying the pathophysiology of lipodystrophy-induced metabolic abnormalities and evaluating the efficacy and safety of drug and dietary treatment. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Can essential fatty acids reduce the burden of disease(s)?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 18 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, depression schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and collagen vascular diseases are low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions that are a severe burden on health care resources. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their metabolites: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) and their products: prostaglandin E1, prostacyclin, lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins suppress inflammation, augment healing, and are of benefit in the prevention and management of these conditions. Hence, supplementation of EFAs could reduce burden of these disease(s). (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Correlating corneal arcus with atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 10 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Background: A relationship between corneal arcus and atherosclerosis has long been suspected but is controversial. The homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients in this study present a unique opportunity to assess this issue. They have both advanced atherosclerosis and corneal arcus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 17 patients homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia presenting to the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Plasma lipoproteins, circumferential extent of arcus, thoracic aorta and coronary calcific atherosclerosis score, and Achilles tendon width were measured at the National Institutes of Health. Results: Patients with corneal arcus had higher scores for calcific atherosclerosis (mean 2865 compared to 412), cholesterol-year score (mean...

The effect of Korean pine nut oil (PinnoThinac) on food intake, feeding behaviour and appetite. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 28 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Certain free fatty acids have been shown to have potent effects on food intake and self-reported changes in appetite; effects associated with increases in the release of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In the current study, the effects of a Korean pine nut oil product, PinnoThinac, at doses 2g, 4g and 6g triglyceride (TG) and 2g free fatty acid (FFA), on food intake and appetite were examined in a cross-over double-blind placebo-controlled randomised counter-balanced design in 42 overweight female volunteers. 2g FFA PinnoThinac, given 30 minutes prior to an ad-libitum buffet test lunch, significantly reduced food intake (gram) by 9% (F(4,164) = 2.637, p = 0.036) compared to olive oil control. No significant effect of PinnoThinac on macronutrient intake...

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter region (T-786C) gene polymorphism with acute coronary syndrome and coronary heart disease

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 25 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The significantly high frequency of eNOS -786C/C genotype in ACS patients than in those of controls, indicate the genotype association with ACS. The finding of significantly high frequency of T/T genotype in the CHD group, may support the relationship of CC genotype with ACS without CHD. The high frequency of the mutant (C/C) and heterozygous (C/T) genotypes found may be linked to left ventricule remodeling after MI. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Chronic prehepatic portal hypertension in the rat: is it a type of metabolic inflammatory syndrome?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 13 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Background: A progressive development of hepatic steatosis with an increase in the lipid hepatocyte content and the formation of megamitochondria has been demonstrated in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of liver and serum lipid metabolism impairments in rats with long-term (2 years) portal hypertension. Methods: Male Wistar rats: Control (n=10) and with prehepatic portal hypertension by triple partial portal vein ligation (n=9) were used. Liver content of Triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and cholesterol and serum cholesterol, lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), TG, glucose and Lipid Binding Protein (LBP) were assayed with specific colorimetric commercial kits. Serum levels of insulin and somatostatin were assayed by RIA. Results: Th...

Heterozygous CAV1 frameshift mutations (OMIM 601047) in patients with atypical partial lipodystrophy and hypertriglyceridemia

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 31 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Thus, very rare CAV1 frameshift mutations appear to be associated with atypical lipodystrophy and hypertriglyceridemia. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Induction of calcification by serum depletion in cell culture: a model for focal calcification in aortas related to atherosclerosis

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 29 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to use a cell culture model to support this hypothesis. Results: Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells were grown to confluence in a culture media containing 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS). The confluent cells were then exposed to the media for 2 hrs with or without serum at a Ca x P ion product range of 4.5-9.4 mM2. In contrast to the cells cultured in the presence of FBS, confluent cells in its absence displayed marked mineral-positive alizarin red staining and infrared absorption of mineral phosphate. A kinetic parameter C1/2 was used to designate the concentration of serum or its protein constituents needed to reduce the deposition of Ca and P by half. The C1/2 for FBS and rabbit serum was 0.04-0.07 % The C1/2 value for rabbit serum proteins was 13.5 ug/ml correspo...

Effects of flavonoids on sphingolipid turnover in the toxin-damaged liver and liver cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The data obtained have demonstrated that flavonoids affect sphingolipid metabolism in the CCl4- and ethanol-damaged liver and liver cells. Flavonoids normalized activities of key enzymes of sphingolipid turnover (neutral SMase and ceramidase) and ceramide contents in the damaged liver and liver cells, and stabilized the hepatocyte membranes. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Gene expression profile in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 14 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Obesity is an important component of metabolic syndrome X and predisposes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome X is increasing, and the cause(s) for this increasing incidence is not clear. Although genetics could play an important role in the higher prevalence of these diseases, it is not clear how genetic factors interact with environmental and dietary factors to increase their incidence. We performed gene expression profile in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without family history of these diseases. It was noted that genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways, glycan of biosynthesis, metabolism of cofactors and vitamin pathways, ubiquitin mediated...

Carbohydrate restriction and dietary cholesterol modulate the expression of HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL receptor in mononuclear cells from adult men

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 28 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

The liver is responsible for controlling cholesterol homeostasis in the body. HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL receptor (LDL-r) are involved in this regulation and are also ubiquitously expressed in all major tissues. We have previously shown in guinea pigs that there is a correlation in gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL-r between liver and mononuclear cells. The present study evaluated human mononuclear cells as a surrogate for hepatic expression of these genes. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction with low and high cholesterol content on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-r mRNA expression in mononuclear cells. All subjects were counseled to consume a carbohydrate restricted diet with 10-15% energy from carbohydrate, 30-35% energy from protein and...

Antihyperlipemic and antihypertensive effects of Spirulina maxima in an open sample of mexican population: a preliminary report

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 26 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Spirulina maxima is a filamentous cyanobacterium used as food supplement because of its high nutrient contents. It has been experimentally proven, in vivo and in vitro that posses several pharmacological properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina maxima orally supplied (4.5 g/day, for 6 weeks) to a sample of 36 subjects (16 men and 20 women, with ages between 18-65 years) on serum lipids, glucose, aminotransferases and on blood pressure. The volunteers did not modify their dietary habits or lifestyle during the whole experimental period. From each subject, a sample of blood was drawn in fasting state of 12 hours to determine the plasma concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol associated to high de...

Effect of immunization against ox-LDL with two different antigens on formation and development of atherosclerosis

Lipids in Health and Disease — Sat, 24 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study indicates that although the effect of produced antibodies in several methods and different dietary regimens is different, immunization against ox-LDL is antiatherogenic. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of whole body exposure to extremely low frequency electromagetic fields (ELF-EMF) on serum and liver lipid levels, in the rat

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 16 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Single exposures to ELF-EMF increases the serum values of HDL-C, the liver content of lipoperoxides and decreases total cholesterol of the liver. The mechanisms for the effects of ELF-EMF on lipid metabolism are not well understand yet, but could be associated to the nitric oxide synthase EMF-stimulation. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Exercise and postprandial lipaemia: effects on peripheral vascular function, oxidative stress and gastrointestinal transit

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 31 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Postprandial lipaemia may lead to an increase in oxidative stress, inducing endothelial dysfunction. Exercise can slow gastric emptying rates, moderating postprandial lipaemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if moderate exercise, prior to fat ingestion, influences gastrointestinal transit, lipaemia, oxidative stress and arterial wall function. Eight apparently healthy males (age 23.6 +/- 2.8yrs; height 181.4 +/- 8.1cm; weight 83.4 +/- 16.2kg; all data mean +/- SD) participated in the randomised, crossover design, where (i) subjects ingested a high-fat meal alone (control), and (ii) ingested a high-fat meal, preceded by 1 h of moderate exercise. Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) was examined at baseline, post-exercise, and in the postprandial period. Gastric emptying was measured using ...

Effect of dietary selenium and omega-3 fatty acids on muscle composition and quality in broilers

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 29 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Moderate modifications of broiler feed may give a healthier broiler meat, having increased content of selenium and omega-3 fatty acids. High intakes of selenium (organic form) may increase the concentration of very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in muscle. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Fish-oil esters of plant sterols differ from vegetable-oil sterol esters in triglycerides lowering, carotenoid bioavailability and impact on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations in hypercholesterolemic subjects

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 25 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Consumption of plant sterol (PS) esters lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels by suppressing intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Commercially available PS are mainly esterified to omega-6 fatty acid (FA), such as sunflower oil (SO) FA. Emerging trends include using other sources such as olive oil (OO) or omega-3 FA from fish oil (FO), known to exert potent hypotriglyceridemic effects. Our objective was to compare the actions of different FA esterified to PS on blood lipids, carotenoid bioavailability as well as inflammatory and coagulation markers. Methods: Twenty-one moderately overweight, hypercholesterolemic subjects consumed experimental isoenergetic diets enriched with OO (70% of fat), each lasting 28-day and separated by 4-week washout periods, using a ...

Are HIV+ patients resistant to statin therapy?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 24 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100

This study sought to determine the efficacy of rosuvastatin on lipid parameters in HIV positive patients with HIV metabolic syndrome. Results: Mean TC decreased from 6.54 to 4.89 mmol/L (25.0% reduction, p (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Lipoprotein(a): an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease that is dependent on triglycerides in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 02 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Lipoprotein(a) is an independent risk factor for Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) in the general population. There are conflicting reports in the extent of its association with IHD among subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim was to determine the concentration of Lp(a) and its relationship with other lipids parameters among Omani T2DM subjects with and without IHD. An over-night fasting blood sample from 221 T2DM subjects (86 females and 135 males) and 156 non-diabetics (69 females and 87 males) aged 30-70 years (as control) was taken for lipid profile studies. Results: Lp(a) was significantly lower (p=0.012) among T2DM subjects 0.123(1.12) g/L compared to non-diabetics 0.246 (1.18)g/L, irrespective of gender. A significant correlation (Spearman correlation, P=0.047) was reve...

Bovine milk in human nutrition - a review.

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 25 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Milk and milk products are nutritious food items containing numerous essential nutrients, but in the western societies the consumption of milk has decreased partly due to claimed negative health effects. The content of oleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, short- and medium chain fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds may promote positive health effects. Full-fat milk has been shown to increase the mean gastric emptying time compared to half-skimmed milk, thereby increasing the gastrointestinal transit time. Also the low pH in fermented milk may delay the gastric emptying. Hence, it may be suggested that ingesting full-fat milk or fermented milk might be favourable for glycaemic (and appetite?) regulation. For some persons milk proteins, fat and milk s...

Expression of both N- and C-terminal GFP tagged huCD36 and their discrepancy in OxLDL and pRBC binding on CHO cells

Lipids in Health and Disease — Fri, 21 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we first tagged the green fluorescent protein GFP to both the N- and C-termini of huCD36 and investigated their cellular expression and influences on lipoprotein and plasmodium falciparium parasitized erythrocytes ppRBC binding. Our work revealed that huCD36 proteins are expressed normally irrespective of the GFP tag presence at either the N- or C-termini. However, the two recombinant proteins showed discrepancy in uptake and surface-binding of OxLDL but they did not affect pRBC binding. These results suggested that the interaction between oxLDL and CD36 could be blocked using recombinant proteins and this may be useful in potential control of the trafficking of modified lipoproteins into monocytes leading to atherogenesis. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Homozygous missense mutation (G56R) in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPI-HBP1) in two siblings with fasting chylomicronemia (MIM 144650)

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 20 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Thus, a very rare GPIHBP1 missense mutation appears to be associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia and chylomicronemia. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Mediterranean diet and insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure levels, in overweight and obese people; The Attica study

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 19 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Background: We aimed to investigate if overweight and obese adults "close" to Mediterranean diet present better insulin, lipids profile and better pressure levels, compared to individuals close to a more Westernized diet. Methods: The ATTICA study is a population -based cohort that has randomly enrolled 3042 adult men and women, stratified by age - gender, from the greater area of Athens, during 2001-2002. Of them, in this work were have studied 1762 participants with excess body weight, meaning overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2). 1064 were men and 698 women (20-89 years old). Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed through a diet-score that was based on a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured and also fasting glucose, insulin and bl...

Omega-3 fatty acids as treatments for mental illness: which disorder and which fatty acid?

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 18 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: While it is not currently possible to recommend omega-3 PUFA as either mono- or adjunctive-therapy in any mental illness, the available evidence is strong enough to justify continued study, especially with regard to attentional, anxiety and mood disorders. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The effects of ProAlgaZyme novel algae infusion on metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiovascular health

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 05 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Metabolic Syndrome, or Syndrome X, is characterized by a set of metabolic and lipid imbalances that greatly increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The syndrome is highly prevalent in the United States and worldwide, and treatments are in high demand. ProAlgaZyme, a novel and proprietary freshwater algae infusion in purified water, has been the subject of several animal studies and has demonstrated low toxicity even with chronic administration at elevated doses. The infusion has been used historically for the treatment of several inflammatory and immune disorders in humans and is considered well-tolerated. Here, the infusion is evaluated for its effects on the cardiovascular risk factors present in metabolic syndrome in a randomized double-blind pl...

ApolipoproteinA1-75 G/A (M1-) polymorphism and Lipoprotein(a); Anti- vs. Pro-Atherogenic properties

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 06 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: ApolipoproteinA1-75 G/A (M1-) polymorphism is relatively common and is positively associated with Lp(a) and therefore, may confer a potential risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Intramyocellular lipid kinetics and insulin resistance

Lipids in Health and Disease — Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100

More than fifteen years ago it was discovered that intramyocellular triglyceride (imcTG) content in skeletal muscle is abnormally high in conditions of lipid oversupply (e.g. high fat feeding) and, later, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other metabolic conditions. This imcTG excess is robustly associated with muscle insulin resistance (MIR). However, to date the pathways responsible for the imcTG excess and the mechanisms underlying the imcTG-MIR correlation remain unclear. A current hypothesis is based on a backward mechanism that impaired fatty acid oxidation by skeletal muscle causes imcTG to accumulate. As such, imcTG excess is considered a marker but not a player in MIR. However, recent results from kinetic studies indicated that imcTG pool in high fat-induced obesity (HFO) model i...

Effects of 2 or 5 consecutive exercise days on adipocyte area and lipid parameters in Wistar rats

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 02 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The effects of 5days/week exercise were more pronounced compared with those of 2 consecutive days/week training, confirming the importance of these exercise protocols in controlling dyslipidemias and obesity. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Ezetimibe is effective when added to maximally tolerated lipid lowering therapy in patients with HIV

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 13 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100

This study sought to determine the efficacy and safety of adding ezetimibe to maximally tolerated lipid lowering therapy in patients with HIV dyslipidemia. Retrospective analysis of lipid parameters was conducted for 33 patients with HIV who had been prescribed ezetimibe 10mg per day. Mean total cholesterol was reduced 21% (p (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid supplementation alter rat skeletal muscle fatty acid composition

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 25 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Dietary 22:5n-6 is incorporated into skeletal muscles and appears to largely compete with 22:6n-3 for incorporation into lipids. In contrast, 18:2n-6 feeding tends to result in elevations of 20:4n-6 and retrained increases of 22:5n-6. As such, 22:5n-6 dietary comparisons groups may be useful in elucidating specific requirements for 22:6n-3 to support optimal health and disease prevention. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The lipid lowering effect of plant sterol ester capsules in hypercholesterolemic subjects

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 09 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study is to determine if the plant sterol esters (PSE) in capsule form (1.3 grams of PSE/day) lowered plasma cholesterol levels and lipid ratios in free-living hypercholesterolemic subjects during a 4-week intervention period. Methods: Sixteen subjects participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential study with a 4-week placebo phase followed by a 2-week wash-out period and a 4-week treatment phase. Subjects were instructed to maintain stable diet pattern and physical activities. Blood samples were collected at 7, 21 and 28 days of each phase. The primary measurements were change in plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL) between phases and within each phase. The secondary measurements were change in triglycerides, ...

Synthesis of the oxysterol, 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol, parallels cholesterol production and may protect against cellular accumulation of newly-synthesized cholesterol

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 05 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results show that 24,25EC synthesis parallels cholesterol synthesis, consistent with this oxysterol functioning as a safety valve to protect against the accumulation of newly-synthesised cholesterol (as opposed to exogenously-derived cholesterol). Considering that 24,25EC is capable of being produced in all cholesterogenic cells, we propose that production of 24,25EC may represent a ubiquitous defence mechanism. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

The atherogenic and metabolic impact of non-HDL cholesterol versus other lipid sub-components among non-diabetic and diabetic Saudis

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 04 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study supports the use of non-HDL cholesterol as the more practical and reliable target for lipid lowering therapy among the Saudi population. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Genetic determinants of statin intolerance

Lipids in Health and Disease — Wed, 21 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These preliminary pharmacogenetic results, if confirmed, are consistent with the idea that statin intolerance which is manifested primarily through muscle symptoms is associated with genomic variation in COQ2 and thus perhaps with the CoQ10 pathway. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Feeding oxidized fat during pregnancy up-regulates expression of PPARalpha-responsive genes in the liver of rat fetuses

Lipids in Health and Disease — Mon, 12 Mar 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present study demonstrates for the first time that components of oxidized fat with PPARalpha activating potential are able to induce a PPARalpha response in the liver of fetuses. Moreover, the present study shows that feeding oxidized fat during whole pregnancy, but not during late pregnancy, lowers triacylglycerol concentrations in fetal livers. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)

Effects of anethum graveolens and garlic on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients

Lipids in Health and Disease — Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Anethum has no significant effect on lipid profile, but garlic tablet has significant favorable effect on cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol. Garlic may play an important role in therapy of hypercholesterolemia. (Source: Lipids in Health and Disease)