MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'MSF Field Research' source. Fri, 19 Mar 2010 16:47:44 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3242543&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F91158 This study demonstrates that treatment failure is linked to initial drug resistance, that amplification of drug resistance occurs, and that mixed infection and re-infection during standard treatment contribute to treatment failure in confined settings with high prevalence of drug resistance. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3242543 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 15:56:22 +0100 3242543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3242542&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F91160 Title: Assessment of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in children under five years of age, with follow-up of false-positive pLDH test results, in a hyperendemic falciparum malaria area, Sierra Leone.Authors: Gerstl, Sibylle; Dunkley, Sophie; Mukhtar, Ahmed; De Smet, Martin; Baker, Samuel; Maikere, JacobAbstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) use HRP2 detection, including Paracheck-Pf(R), but their utility is limited by persistent false positivity after treatment. PLDH-based tests become negative more quickly, but sensitivity has been reported below the recommended standard of 90%. A new pLDH test, CareStartTM three-line P.f/PAN-pLDH, claims better sensitivity with continued rapid conversion to negative. The study aims were to 1) compare sensitivity and ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3242542 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 15:56:22 +0100 3242542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3230358&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F90941 Title: Rethinking surgical care in conflict.Authors: Chu, Kathryn; Trelles, Miguel; Ford, Nathan (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3230358 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 15:46:30 +0100 3230358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3192332&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F90194 Title: MSF ERB Members' CVs Jan 2010 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3192332 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 15:40:35 +0100 3192332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3192331&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F90161 Title: Infection control during filoviral hemorrhagic fever outbreaksAuthors: Raabe V, Mutyaba I, Roddy P, et al.Abstract: Interviews were conducted with health workers and community members in Masindi,Uganda on improving the acceptability of infection control measures used during an Ebolaoutbreak. Measures that promote cultural sensitivity and transparency of control activitieswere preferred and should be employed in future control efforts. We suggest assessingthe practicality of body bags with viewing windows, and face shields with or without chinprotectors, in future outbreaks. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3192331 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 15:40:35 +0100 3192331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091662&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88063 Title: Field evaluation of two rapid diagnostic tests for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A during the 2006 outbreak in Niger.Authors: Rose, Angela M C; Gerstl, Sibylle; Mahamane, Ali E-H; Sidikou, Fati; Djibo, Saacou; Bonte, Laurence; Caugant, Dominique A; Guerin, Philippe J; Chanteau, SuzanneAbstract: The Pastorex((R)) (BioRad) rapid agglutination test is one of the main rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for meningococcal disease currently in use in the "meningitis belt". Earlier evaluations, performed after heating and centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, under good laboratory conditions, showed high sensitivity and specificity. However, during an epidemic, the test may be used without prior sample preparation. Recently a new, easy-to-use dipstick RDT for meningococcal dise... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091662 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091661&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88052 Title: Antiretroviral treatment outcomes from a nurse-driven, community-supported HIV/AIDS treatment programme in rural Lesotho: observational cohort assessment at two years.Authors: Cohen, Rachel; Lynch, Sharonann; Bygrave, Helen; Eggers, Evi; Vlahakis, Natalie; Hilderbrand, Katherine; Knight, Louise; Pillay, Prinitha; Saranchuk, Peter; Goemaere, Eric; Makakole, Lipontso; Ford, NathanAbstract: ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Lesotho has the third highest HIV prevalence in the world (an adult prevalence of 23.2%). Despite a lack of resources for health, the country has implemented state-of-the-art antiretroviral treatment guidelines, including early initiation of treatment ( (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091661 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091660&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88051 CONCLUSION: The flat fee policy was found to reduce cost barriers for some households but, given the generalized poverty in the area, the fee still posed a significant financial burden. This report showed the limits of a programme of fee exemption for indigent households and a flat fee for others in a context of widespread poverty. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091660 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091659&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88061 Title: Operational research in low-income countries: what, why, and how?Authors: Zachariah, Rony; Harries, Anthony D; Ishikawa, Nobukatsu; Rieder, Hans L; Bissell, Karen; Laserson, Kayla; Massaquoi, Moses; Van Herp, Micheal; Reid, TonyAbstract: Operational research is increasingly being discussed at institutional meetings, donor forums, and scientific conferences, but limited published information exists on its role from a disease-control and programme perspective. We suggest a definition of operational research, clarify its relevance to infectious-disease control programmes, and describe some of the enabling factors and challenges for its integration into programme settings. Particularly in areas where the disease burden is high and resources and time are limited, investment in operationa... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091659 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091658&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88073 This article discusses how the principles behind the successful Malawi model of ART delivery can be applied to the management of other chronic diseases in resource-limited settings and how this paradigm can be used for health systems strengthening. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091658 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091657&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88074 We present the first clinical descriptions of immune-mediated paradoxical reactions to effective antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, which result in clinical deterioration after initial improvement. Recognition of this phenomenon could prevent unnecessary changes to antibiotic regimens, and might obviate the need for, or reduce the extent of, further surgery. (MJA 2009; 191: 564-566). (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091657 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091656&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88062 Title: Directly observed antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.Authors: Ford, Nathan; Nachega, Jean B; Engel, Mark E; Mills, Edward JAbstract: BACKGROUND: Directly observed therapy has been recommended to improve adherence for patients with HIV infection who are on highly active antiretroviral therapy, but the benefit and cost-effectiveness of this approach has not been established conclusively. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of directly observed versus self-administered antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: We did duplicate searches of databases (from inception to July 27, 2009), searchable websites of major HIV conferences (up to July, 2009), and lay publications and websites (March-July, 2009) to ident... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091656 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035454&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F87054 Title: Human African Trypanosomiasis: Real Obstacles to EliminationAuthors: Serge Kazadi, Michel Quere, Jacqueline Tong, Claude Mahoudeau, François ChappuisAbstract: Significant progress has been made in controlling human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by T.b. gambiense as evidenced by the clear decline in the number of reported cases in recent years. Now the prevailing discourse is about the possible elimination of HAT and the need to integrate treatment for it into existing health structures. However, “Hot spots” still exist and one of which is the northeastern region of Orientale Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In this region there is neither a monitoring system nor working health centres capable of diagnosing and treating patients.An assessment carried ou... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035454 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 15:25:35 +0100 3035454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949830&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F85133 Title: Stavudine- and nevirapine-related drug toxicity while on generic fixed-dose antiretroviral treatment: incidence, timing and risk factors in a three-year cohort in Kigali, Rwanda.Authors: van Griensven, J; Zachariah, R; Rasschaert, F; Mugabo, J; Atté, EF; Reid, TAbstract: This cohort study was conducted to report on the incidence, timing and risk factors for stavudine (d4T)- and nevirapine (NVP)-related severe drug toxicity (requiring substitution) with a generic fixed-dose combination under program conditions in Kigali, Rwanda. Probability of 'time to first toxicity-related drug substitution' was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-proportional hazards modeling was used to identify risk factors. Out of 2190 adults (median follow-up: 1.5 years), d4T was replaced in 175 p... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949830 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:42:54 +0100 2949830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949829&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F85113 This article is divided into four main sections. The first highlights the crucial elements that are needed in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to deliver good quality health care through general health systems. The second discusses the main characteristics of infectious disease and TB control programmes. The third illustrates how TB control and other infectious disease programmes can help to strengthen these components, particularly in human resources; infrastructure; procurement and distribution; monitoring, evaluation and supervision; leadership and stewardship. The fourth and final section looks at progress made to date at the international level in terms of policy and guidelines, with some specific suggestions about this might be moved forward at the national level. For TB an... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949829 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:42:54 +0100 2949829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868028&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83733 This article describes the challenges, outcomes, and future directions of this training program. From 1998 to 2008, 24 students graduated. Nineteen (79%) continue to work as NAs in Haiti and 5 (21%) have emigrated. In 2008, NAs were critical in providing anesthesia during a post-hurricane emergency where they performed 330 procedures. Mortality was 0.3% and not associated with lack of anesthesiologist supervision. The completion rate of this training program was high and the majority of graduates continue to work as nurse anesthetists in Haiti. Successful training requires a setting with a sufficient volume and diversity of operations, appropriate anesthesia equipment, a structured and comprehensive training program, and recognition of the training program by the national ministry of healt... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868028 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868027&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83734 Title: Surgeons Without Borders: A Brief History of Surgery at Médecins Sans Frontières.Authors: Chu, K; Rosseel, P; Trelles, M; Gielis, PAbstract: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a humanitarian organization that performs emergency and elective surgical services in both conflict and non-conflict settings in over 70 countries. In 2006 MSF surgeons departed on approximately 125 missions, and over 64,000 surgical interventions were carried out in some 20 countries worldwide. Historically, the majority of MSF surgical projects began in response to conflicts or natural disasters. During an emergency response, MSF has resources to set up major operating facilities within 48 h in remote areas. One of MSF strengths is its supply chain. Large pre-packaged surgical kits, veritable "operating t... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868027 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868026&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83737 Title: Treating 4,000 diabetic patients in Cambodia, a high-prevalence but resource-limited setting: a 5-year study.Authors: Raguenaud, Marie-Eve; Isaakidis, Petros; Reid, Tony; Chy, Say; Keuky, Lim; Arellano, Gemma; Van Damme, WimAbstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the worldwide increasing burden of diabetes, there has been no corresponding scale-up of treatment in developing countries and limited evidence of program effectiveness. In 2002, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Cambodia, Médecins Sans Frontières initiated an outpatient program of subsidized diabetic care in two hospital-based chronic disease clinics in rural settings. We aimed to describe the outcomes of newly and previously diagnosed diabetic patients enrolled from 2002 to 2008. METHODS: We calculated the mean and ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868026 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868025&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83714 The objective of this study was to measure mortality that occurs both pre-ART and during ART among HIV-positive children enrolled in two HIV-programs in Cambodia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study on 1168 HIV-positive children (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868025 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868024&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83736 Title: Burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Authors: Sanchez-Padilla, Elisabeth; Grais, Rebecca F; Guerin, Philippe J; Steele, Andrew D; Burny, Marie-Eve; Luquero, Francisco JAbstract: Two new rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed in many countries. However, their efficacy has only been shown against certain serotypes commonly circulating in Europe, North America, and Latin America, but thought to be globally important. To assess the potential impact of these vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa, where rotavirus mortality is high, knowledge of prevalent types is essential because an effective rotavirus vaccine is needed to protect against prevailing serotypes in the community. We did two systematic ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868024 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868023&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83738 Title: Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa.Authors: Harries, Anthony D; Schouten, Erik J; Ben-Smith, Anne; Zachariah, Rony; Phiri, Sam; Sangala, Wesley O O; Jahn, Andreas (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868023 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861510&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83413 Title: Natural history of a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in highland EthiopiaAuthors: Herrero, Mercè; Orfanos, Giannos; Argaw, Daniel; Mulugeta, Abate; Aparicio, Pilar; Parreño, Fernando; Bernal, Oscar; Rubens, Daniel; Pedraza, Jaime; Lima, Maria Angeles; Flevaud, Laurence; Palma, Pedro Pablo; Bashaye, Seife; Alvar, Jorge; Bern, CarynAbstract: In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemken, Ethiopia, a highland region where only few cases had been reported before. We analyzed records of VL patients treated from May 25, 2005 to December 13, 2007 by the only VL treatment center in the area, maintained by Médecins Sans Frontières-Ethiopia, Operational Center Barcelona-Athens. The median age was 18 years; 77.6% were male. The overall case fatal... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861510 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:01:31 +0100 2861510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2813826&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F81753 CONCLUSIONS: Without VL monitoring, the risk of drug resistance increases with the duration of ART and is associated with lower CD4+ T-cell counts at ART initiation. These data might help define strategies to preserve second-line treatment options in resource-limited settings. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2813826 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 17:30:35 +0100 2813826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2701459&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F77453 Title: Research Ethics and International Epidemic Response: The Case of Ebola and Marburg Hemmorrhagic FeversAuthors: Calain, P; Fiore, N; Poncin, M; Hurst, SAbstract: Outbreaks of filovirus (Ebola and Marburg) hemorrhagic fevers in Africa are typically the theater of rescue activities involving international experts and agencies tasked with reinforcing national authorities in clinical management, biological diagnosis, sanitation, public health surveillance and coordination. These outbreaks can be seen to be as a paradigm for ethical issues posed by by epidemic emergencies, through the convergence of such themes as: isolation and quarantine, privacy and confidentiality and the interpretation of ethical norms across different ethnocultural settings. With an emphasis on the boundaries betwee... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2701459 Sat, 15 Aug 2009 11:08:43 +0100 2701459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698304&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75973 Title: 2009 Epicentre Scientific Day Abstracts (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698304 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 11:15:01 +0100 2698304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698303&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F77273 Title: Prevalence study of yaws in the Democratic Republic of Congo using the lot quality assurance sampling method.Authors: Gerstl, Sibylle; Kiwila, Gédeon; Dhorda, Mehul; Lonlas, Sylvaine; Myatt, Mark; Ilunga, Benoît Kebela; Lemasson, Denis; Szumilin, Elisabeth; Guerin, Philippe J; Ferradini, LaurentAbstract: BACKGROUND: Until the 1970s the prevalence of non-venereal trepanomatosis, including yaws, was greatly reduced after worldwide mass treatment. In 2005, cases were again reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We carried out a survey to estimate the village-level prevalence of yaws in the region of Equator in the north of the country in order to define appropriate strategies to effectively treat the affected population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We designed a commun... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698303 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 11:15:01 +0100 2698303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698302&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F77254 Title: Expanding HIV care in Africa: making men matter.Authors: Mills, Edward J; Ford, Nathan; Mugyenyi, Peter (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698302 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 11:15:01 +0100 2698302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2659801&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F76041 Title: Focusing on quality patient care in the new global subsidy for malaria medicines.Authors: Moon, Suerie; Pérez Casas, Carmen; Kindermans, Jean-Marie; de Smet, Martin; von Schoen-Angerer, TidoAbstract: Tido von Schoen-Angerer and colleagues discuss the new Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria (AMFm), which subsidizes and facilitates access to artemisinin-based combination therapy, and what mechanisms are needed to ensure it stays focused on quality patient care. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2659801 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 11:46:02 +0100 2659801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2656274&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75953 Title: 2008 Epicentre scientific day abstract (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2656274 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 11:47:59 +0100 2656274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2652590&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75859 Title: Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings.Authors: Ford, N; Mills, EJ; Zachariah, R; Upshur, RAbstract: ABSTRACT: Humanitarian agencies are increasingly engaged in research in conflict and post-conflict settings. This is justified by the need to improve the quality of assistance provided in these settings and to collect evidence of the highest standard to inform advocacy and policy change. The instability of conflict-affected areas, and the heightened vulnerability of populations caught in conflict, calls for careful consideration of the research methods employed, the levels of evidence sought, and ethical requirements. Special attention needs to be placed on the feasibility and necessity of doing research in conflict-settings, and the harm-benefit ratio for potential resea... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2652590 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 11:55:00 +0100 2652590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2652589&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75860 Title: Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent ethics review board of Médecins Sans Frontières.Authors: Schopper, Doris; Upshur, Ross; Matthys, Francine; Singh, Jerome Amir; Bandewar, Sunita Sheel; Ahmad, Aasim; van Dongen, Els (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2652589 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 11:55:00 +0100 2652589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633170&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75177 The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost method, the Thin Layer Agar (TLA), for the diagnosis of smear-negative patients. This prospective study was performed in Homa Bay district Hospital in Kenya. Out of 1584 smear-negative sputum samples, 212 were positive by Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) (13.5%) and 220 positive by TLA (14%). The sensitivity of LJ and TLA was 71% and 74 % respectively. TLA could become an affordable method for the diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in resource-limited settings with results available within 2 weeks. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633170 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:48:36 +0100 2633170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633169&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75178 We report on a patient with cryptococcal meningitis with CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and no evidence of HIV infection. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633169 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:48:36 +0100 2633169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633168&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75118 CONCLUSIONS: The community health team has several advantages over 'disease-specific' community health worker approaches in terms of accountability, acceptability, and expanded access to care. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633168 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:48:36 +0100 2633168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608895&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71875 Title: Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa.Authors: Zachariah, R; Ford, N; Philips, M; Lynch, S; Massaquoi, M; Janssens, V; Harries, A DAbstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a crisis in human health resources due to a critical shortage of health workers. The shortage is compounded by a high burden of infectious diseases; emigration of trained professionals; difficult working conditions and low motivation. In particular, the burden of HIV/AIDS has led to the concept of task shifting being increasingly promoted as a way of rapidly expanding human resource capacity. This refers to the delegation of medical and health service responsibilities from higher to lower cadres of health staff, in some cases non-professionals. This paper, d... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608895 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608894&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71232 Title: MSF Belgium in Cambodia 1989 - 2009Authors: MSF OCB Belgium (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608894 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608893&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71231 Title: Treating Patients with Diabetes: a Pilot Program in Cambodia 2002 - 2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608893 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608892&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71874 CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve both access to care and patient management to achieve better immunological and virological outcomes on ART are necessary to maximize the duration of first-line therapy. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608892 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608891&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71893 Title: Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: systematic review and meta-analysisAuthors: Brinkhof, Martin W G; Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar; Egger, MatthiasAbstract: BACKGROUND: The retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes is an important issue in resource-limited settings. Loss to follow up can be substantial, but it is unclear what the outcomes are in patients who are lost to programmes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Indian Medlars Centre (IndMed) and African Index Medicus (AIM) databases and the abstracts of three conferences for studies that traced patients lost to follow up to ascertain their vital status. Ma... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608891 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608890&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71313 Title: MSF UK Scientific Day 2009Authors: MSF UKDescription: Click on "Additional Links" to link to abstracts from Scientific Day 2009 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608890 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608889&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F72073 The objectives of this survey were to estimate the prevalence of BU in the health district of Akonolinga, describe the geographic extension of the highly endemic area within the health district, and determine the programme coverage and its geographical distribution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional population survey using centric systematic area sampling (CSAS). A 15x15 km grid (quadrats of 225 km(2)) was overlaid on a map of Akonolinga district with its position chosen to maximize the area covered by the survey. Quadrats were selected if more than 50% of the quadrat was inside of the health district. The chiefdom located closest to the centre of each quadrat was selected and Buruli cases were identified using an active case finding strategy (the sensitivity o... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608889 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608888&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F73813 Title: Antiretroviral therapy for adults and children: Scaling up care and treatment for HIV/AIDS in rural Cambodia, 2002-2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608888 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608887&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F73294 Title: Care and Treatment for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A pilot project in Takeo province, Cambodia 2007-2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608887 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608886&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F72797 This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00146627.FindingsOne patient from the eflornithine group absconded after receiving the first dose, without any type of assessment done, and was excluded from all analyses. In the ITT population, 131 (91·6%) of 143 patients assigned to eflornithine and 138 (96·5%) of 143 patients assigned to NECT were cured at 18 months (difference −4·9%, one-sided 95% CI −0·3; p (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608886 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608886