MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'MSF Field Research' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 07:36:01 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5633520&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F204572 Title: In ReplyAuthors: Zachariah R; Gomani P; Massaquoi M; Harries AD (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5633520 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 12:34:29 +0100 5633520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5633519&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F204570 Title: Antiretroviral treatment uptake and attrition among HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis in Kibera, KenyaAuthors: Tayler-Smith, K.; Zachariah, R.; Manzi, M.; Kizito, W.; Vandenbulcke, A.; Sitienei, J.; Chakaya, J.; Harries, A. D. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5633519 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 12:34:29 +0100 5633519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5633518&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F204590 Title: Limited effectiveness of high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian population with high HIV prevalence.Authors: Ritmeijer, Koert; ter Horst, Rachel; Chane, Solomon; Aderie, Endashaw Mengistu; Piening, Turid; Collin, Simon M; Davidson, Robert NAbstract: Due to unacceptably high mortality with pentavalent antimonials, Médecins Sans Frontières in 2006 began using liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients in Ethiopia who were severely ill or positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5633518 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 12:34:29 +0100 5633518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5633517&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F204847 Title: Diagnostic management and outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis suspects admitted to a central hospital in MalawiAuthors: Gawa, L.G.; Reid, T.; Edginton, M.E.; Van Lettow, M.; Joshua, M.; Harries, A.D. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5633517 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 12:34:29 +0100 5633517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5633516&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F204848 Title: Loss to follow up from isoniazid preventive therapy among adults attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing sites in Uganda.Authors: Namuwenge, P M; Mukonzo, J K; Kiwanuka, N; Wanyenze, R; Byaruhanga, R; Bissell, K; Zachariah, RAbstract: Among HIV-infected adults attending non-governmental organization voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites in Uganda that provide a nine-month course of isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT), we report on loss to follow-up (LTFU) and its associated risk factors. The design was a retrospective cohort study of program data spanning a three year period (2006-2008). A total of 586 IPT patients were enrolled of whom 335 (57.1%) were females with a mean age of 34 years. Of those starting IPT, 341 (58.1%) were lost to follow-up, 197 (33.6%) complete... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5633516 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 12:34:29 +0100 5633516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615110&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F203634 Title: The first decade of antiretroviral therapy in Africa.Authors: Ford, Nathan; Calmy, Alexandra; Mills, Edward JAbstract: ABSTRACT: The past decade has seen remarkable progress in increasing access to antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Early concerns about the cost and complexity of treatment were overcome thanks to the efforts of a global coalition of health providers, activists, academics, and people living with HIV/AIDS, who argued that every effort must be made to ensure access to essential care when millions of lives depended on it. The high cost of treatment was reduced through advocacy to promote access to generic drugs; care provision was simplified through a public health approach to treatment provision; the lack of human resources was overcome through task-s... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615110 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:10:55 +0100 5615110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615109&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F203633 Title: Toxicity associated with stavudine dose reduction from 40 to 30 mg in first-line antiretroviral therapy.Authors: Pujades-Rodríguez, Mar; Dantony, Emmanuelle; Pinoges, Loretxu; Ecochard, René; Etard, Jean-François; Carrillo-Casas, Esther; Szumilin, ElisabethAbstract: To compare the incidence and timing of toxicity associated with the use of a reduced dose of stavudine from 40 to 30 mg in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment and to investigate associated risk factors. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615109 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 12:10:55 +0100 5615109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5541397&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F198810 Title: Building leadership capacity and future leaders in operational research in low-income countries: why and how?Authors: Zachariah, R; Reid, T; Srinath, S; Chakaya, J; Legins, K; Karunakara, U; Harries, A DAbstract: Very limited operational research (OR) emerges from programme settings in low-income countries where the greatest burden of disease lies. The price paid for this void includes a lack of understanding of how health systems are actually functioning, not knowing what works and what does not, and an inability to propose adapted and innovative solutions to programme problems. We use the National Tuberculosis Control Programme as an example to advocate for strong programme-level leadership to steer OR and build viable relationships between programme managers, researchers and poli... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5541397 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 00:38:18 +0100 5541397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5541396&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F198809 Title: Ambulatory Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients in a Slum Setting in Mumbai, India.Authors: Isaakidis, Petros; Cox, Helen S; Varghese, Bhanumati; Montaldo, Chiara; Da Silva, Esdras; Mansoor, Homa; Ladomirska, Joanna; Sotgiu, Giovanni; Migliori, Giovanni B; Pontali, Emanuele; Saranchuk, Peter; Rodrigues, Camilla; Reid, TonyAbstract: India carries one quarter of the global burden of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and has an estimated 2.5 million people living with HIV. Despite this reality, provision of treatment for MDR-TB is extremely limited, particularly for HIV-infected individuals. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has been treating HIV-infected MDR-TB patients in Mumbai since May 2007. This is the first report of treatment o... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5541396 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 00:38:18 +0100 5541396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510279&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F197468 Title: OCG response to cholera in Haiti 2010-11Authors: Bergeri, Isabel; Kampmueller, Sabine; Vienna Evaluation Unit (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510279 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 00:39:28 +0100 5510279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5435753&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F190431 Title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets distributed through antenatal and vaccination consultations in the "Cercle de Kangaba" region of Koulikoro, MaliAuthors: Oosterloo, Jan; Djoumessi, Jean Claude (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5435753 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 00:32:37 +0100 5435753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5353306&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F146531 Title: MSF ERB Members' CVs (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5353306 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 12:56:17 +0100 5353306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319826&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F145257 Title: MSF UK Scientific Day Abstracts 2011Authors: MSF UK (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319826 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 02:45:41 +0100 5319826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5266450&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F143510 Title: Retention and attrition during the preparation phase and after start of antiretroviral treatment in Thyolo, Malawi, and Kibera, Kenya: implications for programmes?Authors: Zachariah, R; Tayler-Smith, K; Manzi, M; Massaquoi, M; Mwagomba, B; van Griensven, J; van Engelgem, I; Arnould, L; Schouten, E J; Chimbwandira, F M; Harries, A DAbstract: Among adults eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Thyolo (rural Malawi) and Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya), this study (a) reports on retention and attrition during the preparation phase and after starting ART and (b) identifies risk factors associated with attrition. 'Retention' implies being alive and on follow-up, whilst 'attrition' implies loss to follow-up, death or stopping treatment (if on ART). There were 11,309 ART-eligible patients fro... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5266450 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 02:25:39 +0100 5266450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5266449&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F143409 Title: Tracing patients lost to follow up in an urban slum: cooperation between a clinic and an NGO network in Mumbai, IndiaAuthors: Errol L; Isaakidis P; Zachariah R; Eli M; Pilanka G; Maurya S; Geraets C; Ladomirska J; Patel S; Reid TDescription: ICAAP Conference 2011 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5266449 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 02:25:39 +0100 5266449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5266448&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F143511 Title: The published research paper: is it an important indicator of successful operational research at programme level?Authors: Zachariah, R.; Tayler-Smith, K.; Ngamvithayapong-Yanai, J.; Ota, M.; Murakami, K.; Ohkado, A.; Yamada, N.; Van Den Boogaard, W.; Draguez, B.; Ishikawa, N.; Harries, A. D. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5266448 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 02:25:39 +0100 5266448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230798&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F142191 Title: Poliomyelitis outbreak, Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, September 2010-February 2011.Authors: Le Menach, Arnaud; Llosa, Augusto E; Mouniaman-Nara, Isabelle; Kouassi, Felix; Ngala, Joseph; Boxall, Naomi; Porten, Klaudia; Grais, Rebecca FAbstract: On November 4, 2010, the Republic of the Congo declared a poliomyelitis outbreak. A cross-sectional survey in Pointe-Noire showed poor sanitary conditions and low vaccination coverage (55.5%), particularly among young adults. Supplementary vaccination should focus on older age groups in countries with evidence of immunity gaps. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230798 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100 5230798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230797&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F142316 Title: Tracing patients lost to follow up in an urban slum: cooperation between a clinic and an NGO network in Mumbai, IndiaAuthors: Errol L; Isaakidis P; Zachariah R; Eli M; Pilanka G; Maurya S; Geraets C; Ladomirska J; Patel S; Reid TDescription: ICAAP Poster Sept 2011 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230797 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100 5230797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230796&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F142331 Title: Chronic Hepatitis B treatment outcomes in HIV co-infected patients in Mumbai, IndiaAuthors: Isaakidis P; Mansoor H; Varghese B; Da Silva E; Deshpande A; Dal Molin T; Arnould L; Zachariah R; Reid TDescription: ICAAP Poster 2011 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230796 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100 5230796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230795&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F142329 Title: Multidrug resistant TB treatment in HIV-infected patients: experience from a slum setting in Mumbai, IndiaAuthors: Isaakidis P; Varghese B; Montaldo C; Da Silva E; Sotgui G; Migliori G; Pontalli E; Saranchuk P; Ladomirska J; Reid TDescription: ICAAP Poster 2011 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230795 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100 5230795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230794&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F142315 Title: Burden of cervical abnormalities and cancer in a cohort of HIV-infected women in Mumbai, IndiaAuthors: Isaakidis P; Pimple S; Varghese B; Da Silva E; Mansoor H; Ladomirska J; Sharma N; Caluwaerts S; Reid TDescription: ICAAP Poster 2011 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230794 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100 5230794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5230793&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F142275 Conclusions. Cross-transmission and high selective pressure lead to very high acquisition of ESBL-E carriage, contributing to dissemination in the community. Strict hygiene measures as well as careful balancing of benefit-risk ratio of current antibiotic policies need to be reevaluated. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5230793 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 14:35:54 +0100 5230793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189450&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F141433 We describe the cholera epidemic affecting Guinea-Bissau in 2008 focusing on the geographical spread in order to guide prevention and control activities. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189450 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 22:33:51 +0100 5189450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189449&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F141434 Title: Transmission of Plasmodium vivax in South-Western Uganda: Report of Three Cases in Pregnant WomenAuthors: Dhorda, Mehul; Nyehangane, Dan; Rénia, Laurent; Piola, Patrice; Guerin, Philippe J; Snounou, GeorgesAbstract: Plasmodium vivax is considered to be rare in the predominantly Duffy negative populations of Sub-Saharan Africa, as this red blood cell surface antigen is essential for invasion by the parasite. However, despite only very few reports of molecularly confirmed P. vivax from tropical Africa, serological evidence indicated that 13% of the persons sampled in Congo had been exposed to P. vivax. We identified P. vivax by microscopy in 8 smears from Ugandan pregnant women who had been enrolled in a longitudinal study of malaria in pregnancy. A nested polymerase chain reaction (... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189449 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 22:33:51 +0100 5189449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189448&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F141449 Title: Cholera in Haiti: please do not forget zinc.Authors: Rossi, Gabriele; Zachariah, Rony; Draguez, Bertrand; Van Herp, Michel (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189448 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 22:33:51 +0100 5189448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189447&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F141437 Title: Reduced tuberculosis case notification associated with scaling up antiretroviral treatment in rural Malawi.Authors: Zachariah, R; Bemelmans, M; Akesson, A; Gomani, P; Phiri, K; Isake, B; Van den Akker, T; Philips, M; Mwale, A; Gausi, F; Kwanjana, J; Harries, A DAbstract: To report on the trends in new and recurrent tuberculosis (TB) case notifications in a rural district of Malawi that has embarked on large-scale roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART). (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189447 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 22:33:51 +0100 5189447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189446&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F141435 Title: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the health-related Millennium Development Goals: time for a public health approach.Authors: Schouten, Erik J; Jahn, Andreas; Midiani, Dalitso; Makombe, Simon D; Mnthambala, Austin; Chirwa, Zengani; Harries, Anthony D; van Oosterhout, Joep J; Meguid, Tarek; Ben-Smith, Anne; Zachariah, Rony; Lynen, Lutgarde; Zolfo, Maria; Van Damme, Wim; Gilks, Charles F; Atun, Rifat; Shawa, Mary; Chimbwandira, Frank (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189446 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 22:33:51 +0100 5189446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189445&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F141405 CONCLUSIONS:: Our findings show the high burden that tuberculosis represents for HIV programs and highlight the importance of earlier ART start and the need to implement intensified tuberculosis finding, isoniazide prophylaxis, and infection control. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189445 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 22:33:51 +0100 5189445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084298&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F138469 CONCLUSIONS: IPT delivery to children remains an operational challenge, especially in high TB-HIV burden communities. A tool to improve IPT management and targeting sputum smear and/or culture-positive TB child contacts may overcome some of these challenges and should be developed and piloted in such settings. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084298 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 00:25:22 +0100 5084298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4966117&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F134335 Title: Viral load testing in a resource-limited setting: quality control is critical.Authors: Greig, Jane; du Cros, Philipp; Klarkowski, Derryck; Mills, Clair; Jørgensen, Steffen; Harrigan, P Richard; O'Brien, Daniel PAbstract: ABSTRACT: (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4966117 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 14:15:12 +0100 4966117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918502&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F132829 Title: Reduire le paludisme au Mali: Diagnostics et traitement efficases ne suffisent pasAuthors: Van den Boogaard, W; Manzi, M; Ali, E; Reid, T (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918502 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 23:48:14 +0100 4918502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4918501&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F132809 Title: Reducing malaria in Mali: Effective diagnostics and treatment are not enoughAuthors: Van den Boogaard, W; Manzi, M; Ali, E; Reid, T (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4918501 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 23:48:14 +0100 4918501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4889943&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F132506 Title: Low referral completion of rapid diagnostic test-negative patients in community-based treatment of malaria in Sierra Leone.Authors: Thomson, Anna; Khogali, Mohammed; de Smet, Martin; Reid, Tony; Mukhtar, Ahmed; Peterson, Stefan; von Schreeb, JohanAbstract: ABSTRACT: (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4889943 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 02:59:19 +0100 4889943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4889942&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F132527 This study highlights a number of clinical markers associated with pre-ART attrition that could serve as 'pointers' or screening tools to identify patients who merit fast-tracking onto ART and/or closer clinical attention and follow-up. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4889942 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 02:59:19 +0100 4889942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4889941&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F132528 This study describes the implementation and outcomes of an active defaulter tracing system used to reduce loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV, PMTCT, TB, and HIV/TB co-infected patients receiving treatment at three Médecins Sans Frontières clinics in the informal settlement of Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya. Patients are routinely contacted by a social worker via telephone, in-person visit, or both very soon after they miss an appointment. Patient outcomes identified through 1066 tracing activities conducted between 1 April 2008 and 31 March 2009 included: 59.4% returned to the clinic, 9.0% unable to return to clinic, 6.3% died, 4.7% refused to return to clinic, 4.5% went to a different clinic, and 0.8% were hospitalized. Fifteen percent of patients identified for tracing could not be contacted. ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4889941 Fri, 03 Jun 2011 02:59:19 +0100 4889941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859721&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F129954 Title: Modelling the first dose of measles vaccination: the role of maternal immunity, demographic factors, and delivery systems.Authors: Metcalf, C J E; Klepac, P; Ferrari, M; Grais, R F; Djibo, A; Grenfell, B TAbstract: Measles vaccine efficacy is higher at 12 months than 9 months because of maternal immunity, but delaying vaccination exposes the children most vulnerable to measles mortality to infection. We explored how this trade-off changes as a function of regionally varying epidemiological drivers, e.g. demography, transmission seasonality, and vaccination coverage. High birth rates and low coverage both favour early vaccination, and initiating vaccination at 9-11 months, then switching to 12-14 months can reduce case numbers. Overall however, increasing the age-window of vaccinatio... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859721 Wed, 25 May 2011 20:45:13 +0100 4859721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859720&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F129969 Title: Free treatment, rapid diagnostic tests and malaria village workers can hasten the progress towards achieving the malaria related Millennium Development Goals: The MSF experience from Chad, Sierra-Leone and Mali.Authors: Tayler-Smith K; Kociejowski A; de Lamotte N; Gerard S; Ponsar F; Philips M; Zachariah R (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859720 Wed, 25 May 2011 20:45:13 +0100 4859720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859718&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F129951 Title: Integrating mental health into primary care for displaced populations: the experience of Mindanao, PhilippinesAuthors: Mueller, Yolanda; Cristofani, Susanna; Rodriguez, Carmen; Malaguiok, Rohani T; Gil, Tatiana; Grais, Rebecca F; Souza, RenatoAbstract: ABSTRACT: (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859718 Wed, 25 May 2011 20:45:13 +0100 4859718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859717&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F129952 Title: Rational use of moxifloxacin for tuberculosis treatmentAuthors: Cox, Helen; Ford, Nathan; Keshavjee, Salmaan; McDermid, Cheryl; von Schoen-Angerer, Tido; Mitnick, Carole; Goemaere, Eric (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859717 Wed, 25 May 2011 20:45:13 +0100 4859717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4859716&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F129970 Title: Feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and effectiveness of decentralised use of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistance: a multicentre implementation studyAuthors: Boehme, Catharina C; Nicol, Mark P; Nabeta, Pamela; Michael, Joy S; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Tahirli, Rasim; Gler, Ma Tarcela; Blakemore, Robert; Worodria, William; Gray, Christen; Huang, Laurence; Caceres, Tatiana; Mehdiyev, Rafail; Raymond, Lawrence; Whitelaw, Andrew; Sagadevan, Kalaiselvan; Alexander, Heather; Albert, Heidi; Cobelens, Frank; Cox, Helen; Alland, David; Perkins, Mark DAbstract: BACKGROUND: The Xpert MTB/RIF test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) can detect tuberculosis and its multidrug-resistant form with very high sensitivity and specificity in controlled studies, but no performa... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4859716 Wed, 25 May 2011 20:45:13 +0100 4859716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4740409&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F128593 The objectives of the study were to evaluate the outcomes of HIV-positive malnourished adults treated with ready-to-use therapeutic food and to identify factors associated with nutrition programme failure. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4740409 Sat, 23 Apr 2011 00:45:54 +0100 4740409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4740408&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F128610 Title: Performance of LED-Based Fluorescence Microscopy to Diagnose Tuberculosis in a Peripheral Health Centre in Nairobi.Authors: Bonnet, Maryline; Gagnidze, Laramie; Githui, Willie; Guérin, Philippe Jean; Bonte, Laurence; Varaine, Francis; Ramsay, AndrewAbstract: Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting diode (LED) technologies could be appropriate for peripheral settings. The study aimed to compare the performance of LED-FM versus Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and to assess feasibility of LED-FM at a low level of care in a high HIV p... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4740408 Sat, 23 Apr 2011 00:45:54 +0100 4740408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4691134&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F127589 This study was carried out among HIV positive individuals in an urban referral clinic in Khar, Mumbai, India, to report on relative proportions of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 and baseline characteristics, response to and outcomes on antiretroviral treatment (ART). (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4691134 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 00:44:54 +0100 4691134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4691133&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F127590 Title: The Unknown Risk of Vertical Transmission in Sleeping Sickness--a Literature ReviewAuthors: Lindner, Andreas K; Priotto, GerardoAbstract: Children with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) present with a range of generally non-specific symptoms. Late diagnosis is frequent with often tragic outcomes. Trypanosomes can infect the foetus by crossing the placenta. Unequivocal cases of congenital infection that have been reported include newborn babies of infected mothers who were diagnosed with HAT in the first 5 days of life and children of infected mothers who had never entered an endemic country themselves. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4691133 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 00:44:54 +0100 4691133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4691132&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F127748 Title: Performance of LED-Based Fluorescence Microscopy to Diagnose Tuberculosis in a Peripheral Health Centre in Nairobi.Authors: Bonnet, Maryline; Gagnidze, Laramie; Githui, Willie; Guérin, Philippe Jean; Bonte, Laurence; Varaine, Francis; Ramsay, AndrewAbstract: Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting diode (LED) technologies could be appropriate for peripheral settings. The study aimed to compare the performance of LED-FM versus Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and to assess feasibility of LED-FM at a low level of care in a high HIV p... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4691132 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 00:44:54 +0100 4691132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4635093&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F125626 We describe LTF before and after correction for mortality in a primary care ART programme with linkages to the national vital registration system. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4635093 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 01:48:49 +0100 4635093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4635092&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F125630 Title: Implementation of liquid culture for tuberculosis diagnosis in a remote setting: lessons learned.Authors: Hepple, P; Novoa-Cain, J; Cheruiyot, C; Richter, E; Ritmeijer, KAbstract: Although sputum smear microscopy is the primary method for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in low-resource settings, it has low sensitivity. The World Health Organization recommends the use of liquid culture techniques for TB diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing in low- and middle-income countries. An evaluation of samples from southern Sudan found that culture was able to detect cases of active pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary TB missed by conventional smear microscopy. However, the long delays involved in obtaining culture results meant that they were usually not clinically useful, and high rates of non... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4635092 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 01:48:49 +0100 4635092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4635091&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F125587 We report prevalence of abnormal renal function at baseline and factors associated with abnormal renal function from a community cohort in Lesotho. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4635091 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 01:48:49 +0100 4635091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4569321&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F124085 This study—the largest of its kind to date—found that more than 2% of 4503 household contacts had active tuberculosis at the time the index case was diagnosed. Incident tuberculosis was also found at a rate of 1624 cases per 100 000 person-years over 4 years follow-up. These results support recommendations for active screening of household contacts of people with MDR tuberculosis,3 and provide valuable lessons for other programmes striving to improve case detection and to reduce community transmission of MDR tuberculosis. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4569321 Thu, 10 Mar 2011 22:50:13 +0100 4569321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404052&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F120445 CONCLUSIONS: Staff clinic and support group services successfully provided care and support to HIV-positive health workers. Similar initiatives should be considered in other settings with a high HIV prevalence. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404052 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 20:56:15 +0100 4404052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404051&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F120447 CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant administration of ART and ready-to-use therapeutic food increases the chances of nutritional recovery in these high-risk patients. While adequate nutrition is necessary to treat malnourished HIV patients, development of improved strategies for the management of severely malnourished patients with HIV/AIDS are urgently needed. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404051 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 20:56:15 +0100 4404051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397997&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F120331 DISCUSSION:: The Community ART Group model was initiated by patients to improve access, patient retention, and decongest health services. Early outcomes are highly satisfactory in terms of mortality and retention in care, lending support to such out-of-clinic approaches. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397997 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 14:31:29 +0100 4397997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397996&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F120329 Title: Immunovirological outcomes and resistance patterns at 4 years of antiretroviral therapy use in HIV-infected patients in CambodiaAuthors: Pujades-Rodríguez, Mar; Schramm, Birgit; Som, Leakena; Nerrienet, Eric; Narom, Prak; Chanchhaya, Ngeth; Ferradini, Laurent; Balkan, SunaAbstract: Objectives  To report immunovirological outcomes and resistance patterns in adults treated with triple combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for 4 years in an HIV programme of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods  It is a longitudinal study and cross-sectional evaluation of adults receiving cART for 4 years. CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA were quantified, and resistance patterns were determined. Drug-related toxicity was assessed by clinicians and through laboratory testing. Results  After 4 ye... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397996 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 14:31:29 +0100 4397996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4381276&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F120107 Title: High mortality among older patients treated with pentavalent antimonials for visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa and rationale for switch to liposomal amphotericin BAuthors: Chappuis, François; Alirol, Emilie; Worku, Dagemlidet T; Mueller, Yolanda; Ritmeijer, KoertAbstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala azar), a fatal disease if left untreated, is one of the most neglected tropical diseases.... (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4381276 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 21:18:51 +0100 4381276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4317066&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F118766 Title: Keeping health facilities safe: one way of strengthening the interaction between disease-specific programmes and health systems.Authors: Harries, Anthony D; Zachariah, Rony; Tayler-Smith, Katie; Schouten, Erik J; Chimbwandira, Frank; Van Damme, Wim; El-Sadr, Wafaa MAbstract: The debate on the interaction between disease-specific programmes and health system strengthening in the last few years has intensified as experts seek to tease out common ground and find solutions and synergies to bridge the divide. Unfortunately, the debate continues to be largely academic and devoid of specificity, resulting in the issues being irrelevant to health care workers on the ground. Taking the theme 'What would entice HIV- and tuberculosis (TB)-programme managers to sit around the table on a Monday ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4317066 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 23:48:04 +0100 4317066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4317065&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F118745 This study was conducted among 609 adults on stavudine-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) for at least one year at health center level in Kigali, Rwanda to (a) determine the proportion who manifest weight loss after one year of ART (b) examine the association between such weight loss and a number of variables, namely: lipoatrophy, virological failure, adherence and on-treatment CD4 count and (c) assess the validity and predictive values of weight loss to identify patients with lipoatrophy. Weight loss after the first year of ART was seen in 62% of all patients (median weight loss 3.1 kg/year). In multivariate analysis, weight loss was significantly associated with treatment-limiting lipoatrophy (adjusted effect/kg/year -2.0 kg, 95% confidence interval -0.6;-3.4 kg; P (Source: MSF Field R... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4317065 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 23:48:04 +0100 4317065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4317064&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F118765 Title: Descriptive spatial analysis of the cholera epidemic 2008-2009 in Harare, Zimbabwe: a secondary data analysis.Authors: Luque Fernández, Miguel Ángel; Mason, Peter R; Gray, Henry; Bauernfeind, Ariane; Fesselet, Jean François; Maes, PeterAbstract: This ecological study describes the cholera epidemic in Harare during 2008-2009 and identifies patterns that may explain transmission. Rates ratios of cholera cases by suburb were calculated by a univariate regression Poisson model and then, through an Empirical Bayes modelling, smoothed rate ratios were estimated and represented geographically. Mbare and southwest suburbs of Harare presented higher rate ratios. Suburbs attack rates ranged from 1.2 (95% Cl = 0.7-1.6) cases per 1000 people in Tynwald to 90.3 (95% Cl = 82.8-98.2) in Hopley.... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4317064 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 23:48:04 +0100 4317064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4228050&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F117126 CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that random, systematic or consecutive sampling methods are feasible for monitoring ART indicators at national level. However, sampling may not produce precise estimates in some sites. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4228050 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 10:11:36 +0100 4228050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202111&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F116337 This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00495508. FINDINGS: 304 women were randomly assigned, 152 to each treatment group. By day 42, 16 patients were lost to follow-up and 25 were excluded from the analysis. At day 42, 137 (99·3%) of 138 patients taking artemether-lumefantrine and 122 (97·6%) of 125 taking quinine were cured-difference 1·7% (lower limit of 95% CI -0·9). There were 290 adverse events in the quinine group and 141 in the artemether-lumefantrine group. INTERPRETATION: Artemisinin derivatives are not inferior to oral quinine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pregnancy and might be preferable on the basis of safety and efficacy. FUNDING: Médecins Sans Frontières and the European Commission. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202111 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 12:10:46 +0100 4202111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202110&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F116358 CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the need for programme implementers to take into account the specific challenges that may influence continuity of antiretroviral treatment and care for migrant populations. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202110 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 12:10:46 +0100 4202110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202109&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F116357 CONCLUSION: Earlier initiation is feasible in a low resource, high HIV prevalence setting, and provides important benefits in terms of reduced mortality, morbidity, retention and hospitalization. Donors should fully support the implementation of the latest WHO recommendations. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202109 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 12:10:46 +0100 4202109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202108&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F116360 We present arguments to support publishing operational research from low-income countries; we highlight some of the main reasons for failure of publication at programme level and suggest ways forward. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202108 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 12:10:46 +0100 4202108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202107&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F116338 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: There is an extremely high burden of MDR-TB in this setting, most likely representing ongoing transmission. These data highlight the need to diagnose drug resistance among all TB cases, and for innovative models of case detection and treatment for MDR-TB, in order to interrupt transmission and control this emerging epidemic. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202107 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 12:10:46 +0100 4202107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202106&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F116359 Conclusion  The Thyolo programme has demonstrated the feasibility of district-wide access to ART in a setting with limited resources for health. Expansion and decentralization of HIV/AIDS service-capacity to the primary care level, combined with task shifting, resulted in increased access to HIV services with good programme outcomes despite staff shortages. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202106 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 12:10:46 +0100 4202106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4148401&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F114830 Title: MSF UK Scientific Day Abstracts 2010 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4148401 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 13:11:15 +0100 4148401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4148400&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F115093 Title: 2010 Epicentre Scientific Day Abstracts (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4148400 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 13:11:15 +0100 4148400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137721&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F114831 Title: HIV, TB and Primary Health Care Integration in an Urban Informal Settlement, Nairobi, KenyaAuthors: MSF Operational Centre Brussels, Kenya Mission (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137721 Sat, 06 Nov 2010 01:05:30 +0100 4137721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137720&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F114830 Title: MSF UK Scientific Day 2010 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137720 Sat, 06 Nov 2010 01:05:30 +0100 4137720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4121275&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F114066 Title: Effectiveness and Safety of Liposomal Amphotericin B for Visceral Leishmaniasis under Routine Program Conditions in Bihar, IndiaAuthors: Prabhat K. Sinha; Paul Roddy; Pedro Pablo Palma; Alice Kociejowski; María Angeles (Nines) Lima; Vidya Nand Rabi Das; Jitendra Gupta; Nawin Kumar; Gaurab Mitra; Jean-François Saint-Sauveur; Siju Seena; Manica Balasegaram; Fernando Parreño; Krishna PandeyAbstract: We evaluated, through the prospective monitoring of 251 patients at Sadar Hospital in Bihar, India, the effectiveness and safety of 20 mg/kg body weight of liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. The treatment success rates for the intention-to-treat, per protocol, and intention-to-treat worse-case scenario analyses were 98.8%, 99.6%, and 81.3%, respectively... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4121275 Sun, 31 Oct 2010 18:23:05 +0100 4121275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052785&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112734 Title: Early mortality and loss to follow-up in HIV-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa.Authors: Fenner, Lukas; Brinkhof, Martin W G; Keiser, Olivia; Weigel, Ralf; Cornell, Morna; Moultrie, Harry; Prozesky, Hans; Technau, Karl; Eley, Brian; Vaz, Paula; Pascoe, Margaret; Giddy, Janet; Van Cutsem, Gilles; Wood, Robin; Egger, Matthias; Davies, Mary-AnnAbstract: BACKGROUND: Many HIV-infected children in Southern Africa have been started on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) can be substantial. We analyzed mortality in children retained in care and in all children starting ART, taking LTFU into account. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children who started ART before the age of 16 years in 10 ART programs in South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zim... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052785 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 15:16:58 +0100 4052785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052784&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112717 Title: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.Authors: Cox, Helen; Ford, Nathan; McDermid, Cheryl; van Cutsem, Gilles; Goemaere, Eric (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052784 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 15:16:58 +0100 4052784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052783&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112714 Title: Evaluation of four rapid tests for diagnosis and differentiation of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in Guinea-Conakry, West Africa.Authors: Chaillet, Pascale; Tayler-Smith, Katie; Zachariah, Rony; Duclos, Nanfack; Moctar, Diallo; Beelaert, Greet; Fransen, KatrienAbstract: With both HIV-1 and HV-2 prevalent in Guinea-Conakry, accurate diagnosis and differentiation is crucial for treatment purposes. Thus, four rapid HIV tests were evaluated for their HIV-1 and HIV-2 diagnostic and discriminative capacity for use in Guinea-Conakry. These included SD Bioline HIV 1/2 3.0 (Standard Diagnostics Inc.), Genie II HIV1/HIV2 (Bio-Rad), First Response HIV Card Test 1-2.0 (PMC Medical) and Immunoflow HIV1-HIV2 (Core Diagnostics). Results were compared with gold standard tests (INNO-LIA HIV-I/II Score)... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052783 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 15:16:58 +0100 4052783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052782&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112713 Title: Using touchscreen electronic medical record systems to support and monitor national scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.Authors: Douglas, Gerald P; Gadabu, Oliver J; Joukes, Sabine; Mumba, Soyapi; McKay, Michael V; Ben-Smith, Anne; Jahn, Andreas; Schouten, Erik J; Landis Lewis, Zach; van Oosterhout, Joep J; Allain, Theresa J; Zachariah, Rony; Berger, Selma D; Harries, Anthony D; Chimbwandira, Frank (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052782 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 15:16:58 +0100 4052782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4052781&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112716 CONCLUSION: Numbers on ART have increased rapidly in South Africa, but the programme has experienced deteriorating patient retention over time, particularly due to apparent LTFU. This may represent true loss to care, but may also reflect administrative error and lack of capacity to monitor movements in and out of care. New strategies are needed for South Africa and other low-income and middle-income countries to improve monitoring of outcomes and maximize retention in care with increasing programme size. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4052781 Sun, 10 Oct 2010 15:16:58 +0100 4052781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4043524&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112641 CONCLUSIONS: Among patients in Africa and Asia receiving second-line therapy for HIV, treatment failure was associated with low CD4 cell counts at second-line therapy start, use of suboptimal second-line regimens, and poor adherence. Mortality was associated with diagnosed treatment failure.Description: To view this article, click on "Additional Links". (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4043524 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 20:33:20 +0100 4043524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4043523&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112688 CONCLUSION: We found that the relative performance of a 6-month RUSF supplementation strategy versus a 4-month RUTF strategy varied with receipt of a previous nutritional intervention. Contextual factors will continue to be important in determining the dose and duration of supplementation that will be most effective, acceptable, and sustainable for a given setting. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4043523 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 20:33:20 +0100 4043523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4043522&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112663 CONCLUSIONS: Surgical care can be provided safely in resource-limited settings with appropriate minimum standards and protocols. Studies on the burden of surgical disease in these populations are needed to improve service planning and delivery. Quality improvement programs are needed for the various stakeholders involved in surgical delivery in these settings. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4043522 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 20:33:20 +0100 4043522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4021358&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112046 CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the need to change the MUAC cutoff value from (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4021358 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 19:26:23 +0100 4021358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4021357&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F112076 CONCLUSIONS: The combination of bleach sedimentation and SCA resulted in significantly increased microscopy positivity rates with a case definition of either one or two positive smears. Implementation of bleach sedimentation led to a significant increase in the diagnosis of smear-positive patients. Implementation of SCA did not result in significantly increased diagnosis of tuberculosis, but did result in improved sample quality. Requesting extra sputum samples based on SCA results, combined with bleach sedimentation, could significantly increase the detection of smear-positive patients if routinely implemented in resource-limited settings where gold standard techniques are not available. We recommend that a pilot phase is undertaken before routine implementation to determine the impact in... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4021357 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 19:26:23 +0100 4021357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3890083&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F110114 Title: The HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic--when will we act?Authors: Harries, Anthony D; Zachariah, Rony; Corbett, Elizabeth L; Lawn, Stephen D; Santos-Filho, Ezio T; Chimzizi, Rhehab; Harrington, Mark; Maher, Dermot; Williams, Brian G; De Cock, Kevin MAbstract: Despite policies, strategies, and guidelines, the epidemic of HIV-associated tuberculosis continues to rage, particularly in southern Africa. We focus our attention on the regions with the greatest burden of disease, especially sub-Saharan Africa, and concentrate on prevention of tuberculosis in people with HIV infection, a challenge that has been greatly neglected. We argue for a much more aggressive approach to early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection in affected communities, and propose urgent assessment of frequent ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3890083 Sun, 22 Aug 2010 08:01:40 +0100 3890083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3890082&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F110113 CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the importance of early access to both cART and chemotherapy for patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Early diagnosis and improved treatment protocols in resource-poor settings are essential. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3890082 Sun, 22 Aug 2010 08:01:40 +0100 3890082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3890081&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F110116 CONCLUSIONS: Task shifting is an effective strategy for addressing shortages of HRH in HIV treatment and care. Task shifting offers high-quality, cost-effective care to more patients than a physician-centered model. The main challenges to implementation include adequate and sustainable training, support and pay for staff in new roles, the integration of new members into healthcare teams, and the compliance of regulatory bodies. Task shifting should be considered for careful implementation where HRH shortages threaten rollout programmes. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3890081 Sun, 22 Aug 2010 08:01:40 +0100 3890081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3890080&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F110115 CONCLUSIONS: MDA for lymphatic filariasis is how the WHO has planned to eliminate the disease from endemic areas. Our programmatic experience will hopefully help inform future campaign planning in difficult-to-access, high-burden areas of the world to achieve target MDA coverage for elimination of lymphatic filariasis. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3890080 Sun, 22 Aug 2010 08:01:40 +0100 3890080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3887829&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F110023 CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal study provides further confirmation of adherence as a primary determinant of subsequent confirmed virological failure, and serves as a reminder of the importance of initial early investments in adherence counseling and support as an effective way to maximize long-term treatment success. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3887829 Sat, 21 Aug 2010 08:21:05 +0100 3887829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3887828&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F110033 DISCUSSION: According to our analysis, a policy of earlier ART initiation would better serve both public health and human rights objectives. We highlight a number of policy approaches that could be taken to help meet this aim, including increased international financial support, alternative models of care, and policies to secure the most affordable sources of appropriate antiretroviral drugs. SUMMARY: Widespread implementation of earlier ART initiation is challenging in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, rationing of essential medicines is a restriction of human rights, and the principle of least restriction serves to focus attention on alternative measures such as adapting health service models to increase capacity, decreasing costs, and seeking additional international funding. Pro... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3887828 Sat, 21 Aug 2010 08:21:05 +0100 3887828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3709395&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F106934 Title: Evaluation of clinical and immunological markers for predicting virological failure in a cohort study in Busia, KenyaAuthors: Eisenberg, N; Ferreyra, C; Arnedo, M; Et al; The Busia OR Study GroupDescription: 17th CROI Conference, Februrary 2010 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3709395 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 06:58:12 +0100 3709395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3709394&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F106933 Title: A model of HIV/AIDS care and treatment in a rural setting. Experiences of MSF in the Greater Busia District, Western Kenya 2000-2010Authors: MSF Spain Kenya Mission (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3709394 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 06:58:12 +0100 3709394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3584396&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F99413 CONCLUSION:: We found no increased risk of overall birth defects among women exposed to efavirenz during the first trimester of pregnancy compared with exposure to other antiretroviral drugs. Prevalence of overall birth defects with first trimester efavirenz exposure was similar to the ranges reported in the general population. However, the limited sample size for detection of rare outcomes such as neural tube defects prevents a definitive conclusion. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3584396 Fri, 21 May 2010 14:25:19 +0100 3584396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3580525&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F99346 Title: Surgical care for the direct and indirect victims of violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.Authors: Chu, Kathyrn; Havet, Philippe; Ford, Nathan; Trelles, MiguelAbstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The provision of surgical assistance in conflict is often associated with care for victims of violence. However, there is an increasing appreciation that surgical care is needed for non-traumatic morbidities. In this paper we report on surgical interventions carried out by Medecins sans Frontieres in Masisi, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo to contribute to the scarce evidence base on surgical needs in conflict. METHODS: We analysed data on all surgical interventions done at Masisi district hospital between September 2007 to December 2009. Types of interventions are descr... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3580525 Thu, 20 May 2010 14:33:17 +0100 3580525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3580524&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F99348 Title: Mortality reduction associated with HIV/AIDS care and antiretroviral treatment in rural Malawi: evidence from registers, coffin sales and funerals.Authors: Mwagomba, Beatrice; Zachariah, Rony; Massaquoi, Moses; Misindi, Dalitso; Manzi, Marcel; Mandere, Bester C; Bemelmans, Marielle; Philips, Mit; Kamoto, Kelita; Schouten, Eric J; Harries, A DAbstract: BACKGROUND: To report on the trend in all-cause mortality in a rural district of Malawi that has successfully scaled-up HIV/AIDS care including antiretroviral treatment (ART) to its population, through corroborative evidence from a) registered deaths at traditional authorities (TAs), b) coffin sales and c) church funerals. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Retrospective study in 5 of 12 TAs (covering approximately 50% of the population) during the... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3580524 Thu, 20 May 2010 14:33:17 +0100 3580524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3576038&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F99154 Conclusions. Continued efforts to improve clinical documentation during filovirus outbreaks would aid inthe refinement of case definitions and facilitate outbreak control. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3576038 Wed, 19 May 2010 14:28:46 +0100 3576038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3567711&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F98913 CONCLUSIONS: Good survival, immunological restoration and viral suppression can be sustained after two to three years of ART among children in resource-constrained settings. Increased access to routine virological measurements is needed for timely diagnosis of treatment failure. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3567711 Sun, 16 May 2010 14:20:14 +0100 3567711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3567710&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F98893 Title: Antiretroviral therapy outcomes in resource-limited settings for HIV-infected children (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3567710 Sun, 16 May 2010 14:20:14 +0100 3567710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3562886&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F98691 Title: Successful introduction of artesunate combination therapy is not enough to fight malaria: results from an adherence study in Sierra Leone.Authors: Gerstl, Sibylle; Dunkley, Sophie; Mukhtar, Ahmed; Baker, Samuel; Maikere, JacobAbstract: A study to measure adherence to artesunate and amodiaquine (AS+AQ) therapy in patients treated for uncomplicated malaria in community health centres (CHC) was conducted in Sierra Leone. Patients/caretakers were interviewed and remaining AS+AQ tablets at home after the last treatment dose were counted. Persons leaving CHCs with an AS+AQ prescription were also interviewed (exit interviews). In total, 118 patients were visited at home: 27 (22.9%) had one or more tablets left and were classed as certainly non-adherent; 34 (28.8%) were probably non-adheren... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3562886 Fri, 14 May 2010 14:30:53 +0100 3562886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3562885&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F98743 Title: Unacceptable attrition among WHO stages 1 and 2 patients in a hospital-based setting in rural Malawi: can we retain such patients within the general health system?Authors: Tayler-Smith, Katie; Zachariah, Rony; Massaquoi, Moses; Manzi, Marcel; Pasulani, Olesi; van den Akker, Thomas; Bemelmans, Marielle; Bauernfeind, Ariane; Mwagomba, Beatrice; Harries, Anthony DAbstract: A study conducted among HIV-positive adults in WHO clinical stages 1 and 2 was followed up at Thyolo District Hospital (rural Malawi) to report on: (1) retention and attrition before and while on antiretroviral treatment (ART); and (2) the criteria used for initiating ART. Between June 2008 and January 2009, 1633 adults in WHO stages 1 and 2 were followed up for a total of 282 person-years. Retention in care at 1, 2,... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3562885 Fri, 14 May 2010 14:30:53 +0100 3562885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3485748&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F96817 Title: MSF ERB's CVs April 2010 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3485748 Tue, 20 Apr 2010 17:17:09 +0100 3485748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439971&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F95556 CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative proportion of early hepatotoxicity in nevirapine based antiretroviral therapy was low in this resource-constrained setting. Hepatotoxicity was not associated with mortality. Frequent routine monitoring of alanine aminotransferase proved difficult to implement in this public sector primary care programme. Focused monitoring in the first month may be a more cost-effective and pragmatic option in settings with limited resources. Correlation with clinical signs and symptoms may allow future alanine aminotransferase testing to be dictated by clinical criteria. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439971 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 15:43:33 +0100 3439971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439970&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F95553 Title: Diagnosis and management of antiretroviral-therapy failure in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and perspectives.Authors: Harries, Anthony D; Zachariah, Rony; van Oosterhout, Joep J; Reid, Steven D; Hosseinipour, Mina C; Arendt, Vic; Chirwa, Zengani; Jahn, Andreas; Schouten, Erik J; Kamoto, KelitaAbstract: Despite the enormous progress made in scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, many challenges remain, not least of which are the identification and management of patients who have failed first-line therapy. Less than 3% of patients are receiving second-line treatment at present, whereas 15-25% of patients have detectable viral loads 12 months or more into treatment, of whom a substantial proportion might have virological failure. We... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439970 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 15:43:33 +0100 3439970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439969&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F95574 Title: Antiretroviral therapy for HIV prevention: many concerns and challenges, but are there ways forward in sub-Saharan Africa?Authors: Zachariah, R; Harries, A D; Philips, M; Arnould, L; Sabapathy, K; O'Brien, D P; Ferreyra, C; Balkan, SAbstract: Scientists from the WHO have presented a theoretical mathematical model of the potential impact of universal voluntary HIV testing and counselling followed by immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART). The results of the model suggests that, in a generalised epidemic as severe as that in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV incidence may be reduced by 95% in 10 years and that this approach may be cost effective in the medium term. This offers a 'ray of hope' to those who have thus far only dreamed of curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in SSA, as until now the... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439969 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 15:43:33 +0100 3439969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439968&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F95554 Title: Outcomes and safety of concomitant nevirapine and rifampicin treatment under programme conditions in Malawi.Authors: Moses, M; Zachariah, R; Tayler-Smith, K; Misinde, D; Foncha, C; Manzi, M; Bauerfeind, A; Mwagomba, B; Kwanjana, J; Harries, A DAbstract: SETTING: Thyolo District Hospital, rural Malawi. OBJECTIVES: To report on 1) clinical, immunological and virological outcomes and 2) safety among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with tuberculosis (TB) who received concurrent nevirapine (NVP) and rifampicin (RMP) based treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Analysis of programme data, June-December 2007. RESULTS: Of a total of 156 HIV-infected TB patients who started NVP-based antiretroviral treatment, 136 (87%) completed TB treatment successfully... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439968 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 15:43:33 +0100 3439968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439967&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F95555 Conclusion Our results show that MSF achieved good usage with freely distributed LLINs. It is one of the few areas where results almost achieve the new targets set in 2005 by Roll Back Malaria to have at least 80% of pregnant women and children under 5 years using LLINs by 2010. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439967 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 15:43:33 +0100 3439967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439966&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F95573 CONCLUSION: At a time of considerable debate about future global funding of ART programmes in resource-poor settings, this study has demonstrated substantial and durable clinical benefits for those able to access ART throughout this period, in spite of increasing loss to follow-up. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439966 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 15:43:33 +0100 3439966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3242543&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F91158 This study demonstrates that treatment failure is linked to initial drug resistance, that amplification of drug resistance occurs, and that mixed infection and re-infection during standard treatment contribute to treatment failure in confined settings with high prevalence of drug resistance. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3242543 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 15:56:22 +0100 3242543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3242542&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F91160 Title: Assessment of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in children under five years of age, with follow-up of false-positive pLDH test results, in a hyperendemic falciparum malaria area, Sierra Leone.Authors: Gerstl, Sibylle; Dunkley, Sophie; Mukhtar, Ahmed; De Smet, Martin; Baker, Samuel; Maikere, JacobAbstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) use HRP2 detection, including Paracheck-Pf(R), but their utility is limited by persistent false positivity after treatment. PLDH-based tests become negative more quickly, but sensitivity has been reported below the recommended standard of 90%. A new pLDH test, CareStartTM three-line P.f/PAN-pLDH, claims better sensitivity with continued rapid conversion to negative. The study aims were to 1) compare sensitivity and ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3242542 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 15:56:22 +0100 3242542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3230358&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F90941 Title: Rethinking surgical care in conflict.Authors: Chu, Kathryn; Trelles, Miguel; Ford, Nathan (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3230358 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 15:46:30 +0100 3230358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3192332&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F90194 Title: MSF ERB Members' CVs Jan 2010 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3192332 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 15:40:35 +0100 3192332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3192331&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F90161 Title: Infection control during filoviral hemorrhagic fever outbreaksAuthors: Raabe V, Mutyaba I, Roddy P, et al.Abstract: Interviews were conducted with health workers and community members in Masindi,Uganda on improving the acceptability of infection control measures used during an Ebolaoutbreak. Measures that promote cultural sensitivity and transparency of control activitieswere preferred and should be employed in future control efforts. We suggest assessingthe practicality of body bags with viewing windows, and face shields with or without chinprotectors, in future outbreaks. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3192331 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 15:40:35 +0100 3192331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091662&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88063 Title: Field evaluation of two rapid diagnostic tests for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A during the 2006 outbreak in Niger.Authors: Rose, Angela M C; Gerstl, Sibylle; Mahamane, Ali E-H; Sidikou, Fati; Djibo, Saacou; Bonte, Laurence; Caugant, Dominique A; Guerin, Philippe J; Chanteau, SuzanneAbstract: The Pastorex((R)) (BioRad) rapid agglutination test is one of the main rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for meningococcal disease currently in use in the "meningitis belt". Earlier evaluations, performed after heating and centrifugation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, under good laboratory conditions, showed high sensitivity and specificity. However, during an epidemic, the test may be used without prior sample preparation. Recently a new, easy-to-use dipstick RDT for meningococcal dise... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091662 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091661&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88052 Title: Antiretroviral treatment outcomes from a nurse-driven, community-supported HIV/AIDS treatment programme in rural Lesotho: observational cohort assessment at two years.Authors: Cohen, Rachel; Lynch, Sharonann; Bygrave, Helen; Eggers, Evi; Vlahakis, Natalie; Hilderbrand, Katherine; Knight, Louise; Pillay, Prinitha; Saranchuk, Peter; Goemaere, Eric; Makakole, Lipontso; Ford, NathanAbstract: ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Lesotho has the third highest HIV prevalence in the world (an adult prevalence of 23.2%). Despite a lack of resources for health, the country has implemented state-of-the-art antiretroviral treatment guidelines, including early initiation of treatment ( (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091661 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091660&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88051 CONCLUSION: The flat fee policy was found to reduce cost barriers for some households but, given the generalized poverty in the area, the fee still posed a significant financial burden. This report showed the limits of a programme of fee exemption for indigent households and a flat fee for others in a context of widespread poverty. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091660 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091659&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88061 Title: Operational research in low-income countries: what, why, and how?Authors: Zachariah, Rony; Harries, Anthony D; Ishikawa, Nobukatsu; Rieder, Hans L; Bissell, Karen; Laserson, Kayla; Massaquoi, Moses; Van Herp, Micheal; Reid, TonyAbstract: Operational research is increasingly being discussed at institutional meetings, donor forums, and scientific conferences, but limited published information exists on its role from a disease-control and programme perspective. We suggest a definition of operational research, clarify its relevance to infectious-disease control programmes, and describe some of the enabling factors and challenges for its integration into programme settings. Particularly in areas where the disease burden is high and resources and time are limited, investment in operationa... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091659 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091658&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88073 This article discusses how the principles behind the successful Malawi model of ART delivery can be applied to the management of other chronic diseases in resource-limited settings and how this paradigm can be used for health systems strengthening. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091658 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091657&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88074 We present the first clinical descriptions of immune-mediated paradoxical reactions to effective antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, which result in clinical deterioration after initial improvement. Recognition of this phenomenon could prevent unnecessary changes to antibiotic regimens, and might obviate the need for, or reduce the extent of, further surgery. (MJA 2009; 191: 564-566). (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091657 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3091656&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F88062 Title: Directly observed antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.Authors: Ford, Nathan; Nachega, Jean B; Engel, Mark E; Mills, Edward JAbstract: BACKGROUND: Directly observed therapy has been recommended to improve adherence for patients with HIV infection who are on highly active antiretroviral therapy, but the benefit and cost-effectiveness of this approach has not been established conclusively. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of directly observed versus self-administered antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: We did duplicate searches of databases (from inception to July 27, 2009), searchable websites of major HIV conferences (up to July, 2009), and lay publications and websites (March-July, 2009) to ident... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3091656 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:23:17 +0100 3091656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035454&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F87054 Title: Human African Trypanosomiasis: Real Obstacles to EliminationAuthors: Serge Kazadi, Michel Quere, Jacqueline Tong, Claude Mahoudeau, François ChappuisAbstract: Significant progress has been made in controlling human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by T.b. gambiense as evidenced by the clear decline in the number of reported cases in recent years. Now the prevailing discourse is about the possible elimination of HAT and the need to integrate treatment for it into existing health structures. However, “Hot spots” still exist and one of which is the northeastern region of Orientale Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In this region there is neither a monitoring system nor working health centres capable of diagnosing and treating patients.An assessment carried ou... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035454 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 15:25:35 +0100 3035454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949830&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F85133 Title: Stavudine- and nevirapine-related drug toxicity while on generic fixed-dose antiretroviral treatment: incidence, timing and risk factors in a three-year cohort in Kigali, Rwanda.Authors: van Griensven, J; Zachariah, R; Rasschaert, F; Mugabo, J; Atté, EF; Reid, TAbstract: This cohort study was conducted to report on the incidence, timing and risk factors for stavudine (d4T)- and nevirapine (NVP)-related severe drug toxicity (requiring substitution) with a generic fixed-dose combination under program conditions in Kigali, Rwanda. Probability of 'time to first toxicity-related drug substitution' was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-proportional hazards modeling was used to identify risk factors. Out of 2190 adults (median follow-up: 1.5 years), d4T was replaced in 175 p... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949830 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:42:54 +0100 2949830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949829&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F85113 This article is divided into four main sections. The first highlights the crucial elements that are needed in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to deliver good quality health care through general health systems. The second discusses the main characteristics of infectious disease and TB control programmes. The third illustrates how TB control and other infectious disease programmes can help to strengthen these components, particularly in human resources; infrastructure; procurement and distribution; monitoring, evaluation and supervision; leadership and stewardship. The fourth and final section looks at progress made to date at the international level in terms of policy and guidelines, with some specific suggestions about this might be moved forward at the national level. For TB an... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949829 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:42:54 +0100 2949829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868028&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83733 This article describes the challenges, outcomes, and future directions of this training program. From 1998 to 2008, 24 students graduated. Nineteen (79%) continue to work as NAs in Haiti and 5 (21%) have emigrated. In 2008, NAs were critical in providing anesthesia during a post-hurricane emergency where they performed 330 procedures. Mortality was 0.3% and not associated with lack of anesthesiologist supervision. The completion rate of this training program was high and the majority of graduates continue to work as nurse anesthetists in Haiti. Successful training requires a setting with a sufficient volume and diversity of operations, appropriate anesthesia equipment, a structured and comprehensive training program, and recognition of the training program by the national ministry of healt... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868028 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868027&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83734 Title: Surgeons Without Borders: A Brief History of Surgery at Médecins Sans Frontières.Authors: Chu, K; Rosseel, P; Trelles, M; Gielis, PAbstract: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a humanitarian organization that performs emergency and elective surgical services in both conflict and non-conflict settings in over 70 countries. In 2006 MSF surgeons departed on approximately 125 missions, and over 64,000 surgical interventions were carried out in some 20 countries worldwide. Historically, the majority of MSF surgical projects began in response to conflicts or natural disasters. During an emergency response, MSF has resources to set up major operating facilities within 48 h in remote areas. One of MSF strengths is its supply chain. Large pre-packaged surgical kits, veritable "operating t... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868027 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868026&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83737 Title: Treating 4,000 diabetic patients in Cambodia, a high-prevalence but resource-limited setting: a 5-year study.Authors: Raguenaud, Marie-Eve; Isaakidis, Petros; Reid, Tony; Chy, Say; Keuky, Lim; Arellano, Gemma; Van Damme, WimAbstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the worldwide increasing burden of diabetes, there has been no corresponding scale-up of treatment in developing countries and limited evidence of program effectiveness. In 2002, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Cambodia, Médecins Sans Frontières initiated an outpatient program of subsidized diabetic care in two hospital-based chronic disease clinics in rural settings. We aimed to describe the outcomes of newly and previously diagnosed diabetic patients enrolled from 2002 to 2008. METHODS: We calculated the mean and ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868026 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868025&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83714 The objective of this study was to measure mortality that occurs both pre-ART and during ART among HIV-positive children enrolled in two HIV-programs in Cambodia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study on 1168 HIV-positive children (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868025 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868024&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83736 Title: Burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Authors: Sanchez-Padilla, Elisabeth; Grais, Rebecca F; Guerin, Philippe J; Steele, Andrew D; Burny, Marie-Eve; Luquero, Francisco JAbstract: Two new rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed in many countries. However, their efficacy has only been shown against certain serotypes commonly circulating in Europe, North America, and Latin America, but thought to be globally important. To assess the potential impact of these vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa, where rotavirus mortality is high, knowledge of prevalent types is essential because an effective rotavirus vaccine is needed to protect against prevailing serotypes in the community. We did two systematic ... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868024 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868023&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83738 Title: Health leadership in sub-Saharan Africa.Authors: Harries, Anthony D; Schouten, Erik J; Ben-Smith, Anne; Zachariah, Rony; Phiri, Sam; Sangala, Wesley O O; Jahn, Andreas (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868023 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:51:52 +0100 2868023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2861510&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F83413 Title: Natural history of a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in highland EthiopiaAuthors: Herrero, Mercè; Orfanos, Giannos; Argaw, Daniel; Mulugeta, Abate; Aparicio, Pilar; Parreño, Fernando; Bernal, Oscar; Rubens, Daniel; Pedraza, Jaime; Lima, Maria Angeles; Flevaud, Laurence; Palma, Pedro Pablo; Bashaye, Seife; Alvar, Jorge; Bern, CarynAbstract: In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemken, Ethiopia, a highland region where only few cases had been reported before. We analyzed records of VL patients treated from May 25, 2005 to December 13, 2007 by the only VL treatment center in the area, maintained by Médecins Sans Frontières-Ethiopia, Operational Center Barcelona-Athens. The median age was 18 years; 77.6% were male. The overall case fatal... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2861510 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:01:31 +0100 2861510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2813826&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F81753 CONCLUSIONS: Without VL monitoring, the risk of drug resistance increases with the duration of ART and is associated with lower CD4+ T-cell counts at ART initiation. These data might help define strategies to preserve second-line treatment options in resource-limited settings. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2813826 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 17:30:35 +0100 2813826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2701459&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F77453 Title: Research Ethics and International Epidemic Response: The Case of Ebola and Marburg Hemmorrhagic FeversAuthors: Calain, P; Fiore, N; Poncin, M; Hurst, SAbstract: Outbreaks of filovirus (Ebola and Marburg) hemorrhagic fevers in Africa are typically the theater of rescue activities involving international experts and agencies tasked with reinforcing national authorities in clinical management, biological diagnosis, sanitation, public health surveillance and coordination. These outbreaks can be seen to be as a paradigm for ethical issues posed by by epidemic emergencies, through the convergence of such themes as: isolation and quarantine, privacy and confidentiality and the interpretation of ethical norms across different ethnocultural settings. With an emphasis on the boundaries betwee... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2701459 Sat, 15 Aug 2009 11:08:43 +0100 2701459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698304&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75973 Title: 2009 Epicentre Scientific Day Abstracts (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698304 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 11:15:01 +0100 2698304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698303&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F77273 Title: Prevalence study of yaws in the Democratic Republic of Congo using the lot quality assurance sampling method.Authors: Gerstl, Sibylle; Kiwila, Gédeon; Dhorda, Mehul; Lonlas, Sylvaine; Myatt, Mark; Ilunga, Benoît Kebela; Lemasson, Denis; Szumilin, Elisabeth; Guerin, Philippe J; Ferradini, LaurentAbstract: BACKGROUND: Until the 1970s the prevalence of non-venereal trepanomatosis, including yaws, was greatly reduced after worldwide mass treatment. In 2005, cases were again reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We carried out a survey to estimate the village-level prevalence of yaws in the region of Equator in the north of the country in order to define appropriate strategies to effectively treat the affected population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We designed a commun... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698303 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 11:15:01 +0100 2698303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698302&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F77254 Title: Expanding HIV care in Africa: making men matter.Authors: Mills, Edward J; Ford, Nathan; Mugyenyi, Peter (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698302 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 11:15:01 +0100 2698302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2659801&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F76041 Title: Focusing on quality patient care in the new global subsidy for malaria medicines.Authors: Moon, Suerie; Pérez Casas, Carmen; Kindermans, Jean-Marie; de Smet, Martin; von Schoen-Angerer, TidoAbstract: Tido von Schoen-Angerer and colleagues discuss the new Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria (AMFm), which subsidizes and facilitates access to artemisinin-based combination therapy, and what mechanisms are needed to ensure it stays focused on quality patient care. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2659801 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 11:46:02 +0100 2659801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2656274&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75953 Title: 2008 Epicentre scientific day abstract (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2656274 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 11:47:59 +0100 2656274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2652590&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75859 Title: Ethics of conducting research in conflict settings.Authors: Ford, N; Mills, EJ; Zachariah, R; Upshur, RAbstract: ABSTRACT: Humanitarian agencies are increasingly engaged in research in conflict and post-conflict settings. This is justified by the need to improve the quality of assistance provided in these settings and to collect evidence of the highest standard to inform advocacy and policy change. The instability of conflict-affected areas, and the heightened vulnerability of populations caught in conflict, calls for careful consideration of the research methods employed, the levels of evidence sought, and ethical requirements. Special attention needs to be placed on the feasibility and necessity of doing research in conflict-settings, and the harm-benefit ratio for potential resea... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2652590 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 11:55:00 +0100 2652590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2652589&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75860 Title: Research ethics review in humanitarian contexts: the experience of the independent ethics review board of Médecins Sans Frontières.Authors: Schopper, Doris; Upshur, Ross; Matthys, Francine; Singh, Jerome Amir; Bandewar, Sunita Sheel; Ahmad, Aasim; van Dongen, Els (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2652589 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 11:55:00 +0100 2652589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633170&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75177 The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost method, the Thin Layer Agar (TLA), for the diagnosis of smear-negative patients. This prospective study was performed in Homa Bay district Hospital in Kenya. Out of 1584 smear-negative sputum samples, 212 were positive by Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) (13.5%) and 220 positive by TLA (14%). The sensitivity of LJ and TLA was 71% and 74 % respectively. TLA could become an affordable method for the diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in resource-limited settings with results available within 2 weeks. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633170 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:48:36 +0100 2633170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633169&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75178 We report on a patient with cryptococcal meningitis with CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and no evidence of HIV infection. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633169 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:48:36 +0100 2633169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633168&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F75118 CONCLUSIONS: The community health team has several advantages over 'disease-specific' community health worker approaches in terms of accountability, acceptability, and expanded access to care. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633168 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 11:48:36 +0100 2633168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608895&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71875 Title: Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa.Authors: Zachariah, R; Ford, N; Philips, M; Lynch, S; Massaquoi, M; Janssens, V; Harries, A DAbstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a crisis in human health resources due to a critical shortage of health workers. The shortage is compounded by a high burden of infectious diseases; emigration of trained professionals; difficult working conditions and low motivation. In particular, the burden of HIV/AIDS has led to the concept of task shifting being increasingly promoted as a way of rapidly expanding human resource capacity. This refers to the delegation of medical and health service responsibilities from higher to lower cadres of health staff, in some cases non-professionals. This paper, d... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608895 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608894&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71232 Title: MSF Belgium in Cambodia 1989 - 2009Authors: MSF OCB Belgium (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608894 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608893&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71231 Title: Treating Patients with Diabetes: a Pilot Program in Cambodia 2002 - 2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608893 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608892&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71874 CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve both access to care and patient management to achieve better immunological and virological outcomes on ART are necessary to maximize the duration of first-line therapy. (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608892 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608891&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71893 Title: Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: systematic review and meta-analysisAuthors: Brinkhof, Martin W G; Pujades-Rodriguez, Mar; Egger, MatthiasAbstract: BACKGROUND: The retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes is an important issue in resource-limited settings. Loss to follow up can be substantial, but it is unclear what the outcomes are in patients who are lost to programmes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Indian Medlars Centre (IndMed) and African Index Medicus (AIM) databases and the abstracts of three conferences for studies that traced patients lost to follow up to ascertain their vital status. Ma... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608891 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608890&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F71313 Title: MSF UK Scientific Day 2009Authors: MSF UKDescription: Click on "Additional Links" to link to abstracts from Scientific Day 2009 (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608890 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608889&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F72073 The objectives of this survey were to estimate the prevalence of BU in the health district of Akonolinga, describe the geographic extension of the highly endemic area within the health district, and determine the programme coverage and its geographical distribution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional population survey using centric systematic area sampling (CSAS). A 15x15 km grid (quadrats of 225 km(2)) was overlaid on a map of Akonolinga district with its position chosen to maximize the area covered by the survey. Quadrats were selected if more than 50% of the quadrat was inside of the health district. The chiefdom located closest to the centre of each quadrat was selected and Buruli cases were identified using an active case finding strategy (the sensitivity o... MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608889 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608888&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F73813 Title: Antiretroviral therapy for adults and children: Scaling up care and treatment for HIV/AIDS in rural Cambodia, 2002-2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608888 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608887&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F73294 Title: Care and Treatment for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A pilot project in Takeo province, Cambodia 2007-2009Authors: MSF OCB Cambodia (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608887 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2608886&cid=s_38801_46_f&fid=38801&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10144%2F72797 This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00146627.FindingsOne patient from the eflornithine group absconded after receiving the first dose, without any type of assessment done, and was excluded from all analyses. In the ITT population, 131 (91·6%) of 143 patients assigned to eflornithine and 138 (96·5%) of 143 patients assigned to NECT were cured at 18 months (difference −4·9%, one-sided 95% CI −0·3; p (Source: MSF Field Research) MSF Field Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2608886 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:42:11 +0100 2608886