Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America via MedWorm.com MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 03:37:45 +0100 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451280&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001267%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451280 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:26 +0100 5451280 MR Imaging-Guided Cardiovascular Interventions in Young Children http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451278&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891100095X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes MR image-guided or MR image-assisted cardiac catheterization procedures for diagnosis and intervention in children. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451278 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:26 +0100 5451278 Advanced Neonatal NeuroMRI http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451276&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000936%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the potentials and challenges of quantitative analyses of human neonatal brain images using structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. To maximize the potential of MR imaging for neonatal brain studies, the combination of both contrasts is highly beneficial. Based on the multicontrast data, a neonate brain atlas was created, which allows automated segmentation of neonate brain MR images. The accuracy, advantages, and potential pitfalls of this atlas-based segmentation approach are discussed. The accurate and reproducible MR imaging quantification achieved by this approach could be an initial step toward the successful clinical evaluation of the neonatal brain. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451276 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:26 +0100 5451276 MR Imaging of the Newborn: A Technical Perspective http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451275&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001012%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses neonatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and reviews equipment and procedures for MR-related transport, sedation, monitoring, and scanning. MR is gaining importance in the diagnosis and clinical management of critically ill, and often very low birth weight infants, so research is ongoing to make transport and examination safer and imaging more successful. Efforts are focused on integration of dedicated neonate MR scanners in neonatal intensive care units, improvements in incubator technology and handling, and more efficient use of scan/sedation time by choosing dedicated neonate coil arrays that improve the signal-to-noise-ratio and facilitate the choice of modern imaging techniques. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451275 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:26 +0100 5451275 MR Imaging of Neonatal Spinal Dysraphia: What to Consider? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451274&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000948%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the imaging findings of the most frequently encountered neonatal spinal malformations and correlates these findings with the relevant embryologic processes. The presented classification is based on a correlation of clinical, neuroradiologic, and embryologic data. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451274 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451274 Imaging of Perinatal Stroke http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451272&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001000%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The main neonatal stroke syndromes discussed in this article are: arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), including perinatal AIS, and “presumed” perinatal AIS; cerebral venous thrombosis, including cortical vein and venous sinus thrombosis and germinal matrix hemorrhage/periventricular hemorrhagic infarction; and intraparenchymal hemorrhage. This review discusses general pathophysiological mechanisms and the role of imaging in these conditions. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451272 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451272 Preface http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451271&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001176%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This second issue dedicated to MRI of the newborn infant published in the series Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America was believed necessary because MRI studies during the diagnostic workup of newborn infants not only are complex but also cover multiple groups of diseases and pathologies that may simultaneously involve various anatomical regions. This issue discusses the topics that could not be covered in the first issue. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451271 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451271 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451270&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001243%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451270 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451270 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451269&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001231%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451269 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451269 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451268&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891100122X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451268 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451268 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451267&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451267 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 20:47:25 +0100 5451267 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412571&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412571 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412571 MR Imaging of the Neonatal Musculoskeletal System http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412570&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000857%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Experience in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the neonatal musculoskeletal system is rapidly increasing. The exquisite ability of MR to image the soft tissues, especially cartilage, without radiation is its key strength. Although it is not practical or sensible to undertake MR imaging in conditions in which radiography and ultrasound provide adequate information, MR is proving to be a useful adjunct and problem-solving tool in many neonatal musculoskeletal conditions. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412570 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412570 Imaging of Neonatal Child Abuse with an Emphasis on Abusive Head Trauma http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412567&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000900%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Child abuse and neglect is a serious clinical and socioeconomic problem that is sometimes underestimated. One of the most devastating forms is abusive head trauma. This review addresses the radiological workup in cases of suspected child abuse. The use of all modalities, and their advantages and disadvantages, is discussed. A special section is devoted to the radiological report in cases of child abuse, as a clinical record and a legal document. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412567 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412567 MR Imaging of the Newborn http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412561&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America is dedicated to MRI of the Newborn Infant. Vast experience has been gained over the past decade in safely transporting, monitoring, and imaging this highly vulnerable patient group. Technological advances in MRI hardware such as higher field strength systems, multichannel coils, higher gradient performance, and MR-compatible incubators with integrated antennae laid the ground for more detailed, higher resolution anatomical MR imaging. In addition, the ongoing development of advanced functional MR imaging techniques (ie, diffusion-weighted/tensor imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, MR angiography and venography, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and 1H MR spectroscopy) rendered MRI the most vers... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412561 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412561 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412560&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412560 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412560 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412559&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001085%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412559 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412559 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412558&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412558 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412558 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412557&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911001164%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412557 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412557 MR Imaging Workup of Inborn Errors of Metabolism of Early Postnatal Onset http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412564&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000997%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on this group of diseases, often referred to as “devastating neurometabolic diseases” of the newborn. Awareness of the most common entities and their clinical, biochemical, and diagnostic imaging manifestations is important because if undiagnosed and untreated, the diseases may have catastrophic consequences. Although formal diagnosis relies on laboratory tests, diagnostic imaging is often pivotal in both reaching the correct diagnosis and/or orienting further targeted investigative efforts. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412564 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412564 Head Ultrasound and MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Neonatal Encephalopathy: Competitive or Complementary Imaging Studies? http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451277&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000961%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article provides an overview of useful findings in the US evaluation of infants with NE. Although many of the findings do not appear as conspicuous or as extensively as they do on MR imaging, recognition and familiarity with subtle head US abnormalities may allow head US to play an important complementary role to MR imaging in the evaluation of infants with NE. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451277 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5451277 MR Imaging of Neonatal Brain Infections http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412565&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000973%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews most of postnatal pathogen agents involved in neonatal brain infections, related physiopathology, and neuroimaging findings. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412565 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412565 Postmortem MR Imaging in the Fetal and Neonatal Period http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451279&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000924%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses how to perform magnetic resonance (MR) imaging autopsy, including such technical determinators as field strength, and factors influencing image quality. Also included is a discussion on the indications for MR autopsy, including stillborns and terminations of pregnancy, and natural and unexplained death. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451279 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5451279 MR Imaging of the Term and Preterm Neonate with Diffuse Brain Injury http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412563&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000985%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses neonatal diffuse brain injury, the role of MR imaging in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome, and research results using MR imaging techniques. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412563 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412563 Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations: Noninvasive Imaging by MRI in Neonates http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412568&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000869%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on the imaging of neonatal CHD by MR, followed by a brief discussion of the safety of gadolinium-based contrast agents in this age group. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412568 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412568 Neonates with Seizures: What to Consider, How to Image http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412562&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000870%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The immature brain is more prone to seize than the mature brain. Causes of seizure are multiple and affect different neuroimaging modalities. The most common associated diseases are hypoxia-ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, central nervous system infections, and acute metabolic disturbances. Ultrasound (US) is not specific. Computed tomography (CT) carries the risk of irradiation and is not as productive as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging is the modality of choice; it is difficult to perform in a neonate, but it is more sensitive and versatile than US or CT, and is now widely used in specialized centers. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412562 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412562 MR Imaging in Inflicted Brain Injury http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5451273&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000912%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging should be part of the routine workup in suspected inflicted brain injury. The inclusion of diffusion-weighted MR imaging is essential for assessment of acute hypoxic-ischemic brain injury because of its sensitivity to delineate the extent of the lesions and because of its prognostic significance. MR imaging may offer additional help in dating the intracranial hemorrhages, but a precise timing is often difficult if not impossible. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5451273 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5451273 Congenital Cardiac Defects and MR-Guided Planning of Surgery http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412569&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000894%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the use of CMR in newborns with CHD before cardiac surgery, focusing on conotruncal anomalies, pulmonary venous anomalies, complex CHD in visceroatrial heterotaxy, borderline hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and the use of contrast medium in newborns. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412569 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412569 Birth-Related Injury to the Head and Cervical Spine in Neonates http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412566&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000882%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Birth-related injury is defined as any traumatic or ischemic event sustained during the process of delivery. Perinatally acquired disease processes secondary to birth-related injury can be traumatic or ischemic in nature. In this article, the authors focus on traumatic/mechanical injuries. Other diseases of the perinatal time period, including germinal matrix hemorrhages and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, are beyond the objective of this review. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412566 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412566 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090614&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000651%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090614 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090614 Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Ankle & Foot http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090613&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000493%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses anatomic relationships, anatomic variants, and MRI protocols that pertain to the foot and ankle. MR images with detailed anatomic description form the cornerstone of this article. The superb image quality will facilitate learning normal imaging anatomy, as well as conceptualizing spatial relationships of anatomic structures. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090613 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090613 Normal and Variant Anatomy of the Elbow on Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090610&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000419%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent delineation of the bones of the elbow and the surrounding soft tissue structures. The components of the elbow can be divided into osseous structures, the joint capsule and ligaments, muscles and tendons, and nerves. In this article, the authors review the normal anatomy and appearance of these structures on MRI as well as the anatomic variants that should be recognized and distinguished from pathologic entities. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090610 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090610 Normal and Variant Anatomy of the Wrist and Hand on MR Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090609&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the osseous and soft tissue anatomy of the wrist and hand, as well as normal variants. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090609 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090609 Normal and Variant Anatomy of the Shoulder on MRI http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090608&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000444%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes New developments in musculoskeletal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including improved spatial resolution and MR arthrography, have led to an increasing frequency in the performance of shoulder MR imaging. As a result, radiologists' understanding of the normal and variant anatomy of the shoulder visible on MR imaging has also become more important. In this article, the authors review the normal arrangement and appearance of osseous and soft-tissue structures in the shoulder, as well as nonpathologic osseous and nonosseous variants that should be recognized. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090608 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090608 Normal and Variant Pelvic Anatomy on MRI http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090606&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000407%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the protocol strategies and relevant anatomy with commonly encountered anatomical variants in a segmented/organ-specific manner, using gender as a broad split given the substantial variance in relevant organs. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090606 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090606 Normal and Variant Abdominal Anatomy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090605&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891100047X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The diagnostic usefulness of abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging lies in the improved contrast resolution and ability to qualify several tissue characteristics of a specific organ or lesion. Our institution uses organ-specific protocols to facilitate technical reproducibility and optimize scan duration. These protocols are discussed individually in this article when applicable, noting that many build on a basic protocol with slight variations. Because most abdominal MR imaging studies are targeted toward an organ or area of interest, this article discusses the protocol strategies and relevant anatomy in a segmented/organ-specific manner. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090605 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090605 Neck MR Imaging Anatomy http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090601&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000420%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article strives to simplify normal MR imaging anatomy of the neck using a spatial approach. We present the protocols used at our institution and provide tables with details. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging anatomy and appearance of the deep spaces of the neck are described with extensive labeled imaging correlates. Pearls and common pitfalls encountered with MR imaging of the neck are discussed. Additional aspects of normal neck MR imaging are described including lymph node, brachial plexus, and vascular anatomy. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090601 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090601 Normal Brain Anatomy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090599&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000547%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article serves as a practical reference point to further enhance knowledge of the intracranial anatomy. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090599 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090599 Normal MRI Anatomy from Head to Toe http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090598&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000559%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Much like the central role of mathematics in science and engineering, anatomy forms a basic building block and universal language for the field of medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides exquisite anatomic detail through its superior tissue contrast, flexible imaging planes, and tissue-characterization capabilities. While these imaging benefits were initially realized in the central nervous system, technological improvements have facilitated the use of MRI throughout the body, including for musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, breast, and abdominal-pelvic applications. Given the increasing scope and utilization of imaging in daily practice, the nonionizing aspect of MRI is particularly notable and may be an important incentive for its progressive integration into more clinical algo... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090598 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090598 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090597&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000638%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090597 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090597 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090596&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000626%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090596 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090596 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090595&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000614%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090595 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090595 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090594&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000699%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090594 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090594 Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thorax http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090603&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000535%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The soft tissue contrast properties of magnetic resonance (MR) allow excellent discrimination of most intrathoracic structures other than the lungs, and allow good insight into normal anatomy. Using MR imaging, the normal cardiorespiratory system, including portions of the lungs and pleural spaces, as well as the mediastinal, chest wall, and cardiac structures can be well depicted. In addition, using newer MR pulse sequences, dynamic ECG-gated imaging can also be achieved, which allows a window into the normal functional processes of these organs. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090603 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090603 Normal Spinal Anatomy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090602&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000523%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article illustrates normal spinal anatomy as defined by MR imaging, describes commonly used spinal MR imaging protocols, and discusses associated common artifacts. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090602 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090602 Skull Base, Orbits, Temporal Bone, and Cranial Nerves: Anatomy on MR Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090600&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000456%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on the radiologic anatomy of the skull base pertinent to MR imaging evaluation. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090600 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090600 Normal MR Imaging Anatomy of the Knee http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090612&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000511%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article depicts normal MR imaging anatomy and commonly encountered anatomic variants using representative MR images of the knee, and describes and explains the rationale of routine knee MR imaging protocol. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090612 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090612 Normal MR Imaging Anatomy of the Thigh and Leg http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090611&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891100050X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the modality of choice for evaluating the soft tissues of the thigh and leg because of its superior soft tissue contrast resolution, multiplanar imaging capability, and lack of ionizing radiation. The superb image quality facilitates learning normal imaging anatomy, which ultimately forms the foundation of diagnostic interpretation. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) depict normal MR anatomy throughout the thigh and leg using representative MR images, emphasizing a compartmental approach; and (2) describe and explain the rationale of standard imaging protocols. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090611 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090611 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Long Bones of the Upper Extremity http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090607&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The long bones of the upper extremity are often overlooked in favor of addressing their intervening joints. However, there are a wide variety of pathologic processes that can involve these anatomic segments. To better understand the complex anatomy of the upper extremity, this article is divided into sections describing the osseous, muscular, and neurovascular anatomy of the arm and forearm using a compartmental approach. The discussion touches on a few common normal variants and their potential functional consequences. The upper extremity joints of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist are addressed separately. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090607 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090607 Breast MR Imaging: Normal Anatomy http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090604&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000481%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the breast is a useful tool for the assessment of both structural and functional anatomy. A basic approach to the interpretation of normal anatomy on breast MR imaging is reviewed in this article. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090604 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090604 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926155&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000213%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926155 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926155 The Current State of Imaging the Articular Cartilage of the Upper Extremity http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926154&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000079%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews cartilaginous diseases of the upper extremity emphasizing those that can be assessed using current clinical MR imaging protocols and addresses the limitations of current imaging techniques in evaluating the articular cartilage of smaller joints. It also provides a brief overview of novel techniques that may be instituted in the future to improve the diagnostic performance of MR imaging in the evaluation of the articular cartilage of the upper extremity. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926154 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926154 MR Imaging of the Articular Cartilage of the Knee and Ankle http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926153&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000067%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article presents the range of cartilage pathologies in the knee and ankle and provides clinically relevant guidelines. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926153 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926153 MR Imaging of Early Hip Joint Degeneration http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926152&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891100002X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the causes of early hip joint degeneration and the current use of morphologic and physiologic MR imaging techniques for evaluating the articular cartilage of the hip joint. The article also discusses the role of MR arthrography in clinical cartilage imaging. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926152 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926152 MR Imaging Assessment of Inflammatory, Crystalline-Induced, and Infectious Arthritides http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926151&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000055%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating patients with inflammatory arthritides has evolved with the recent introduction of drugs capable of modifying disease activity and natural history. In conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, active synovitis and bone marrow inflammation precede and predict bone and cartilage erosion. These imaging findings identify patients who can be treated early and aggressively to prevent future morbidity. Similarly, in gout and other crystalline disorders, specific diagnosis aided by imaging may lead to earlier medical and surgical management. Infected joints need the most rapid identification to institute immediate therapy and prevent irreversible cartilage destruction. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926151 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926151 MR Imaging Assessment of Articular Cartilage Repair Procedures http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926150&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000031%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Because articular cartilage is avascular and has no intrinsic capacity to heal itself, physical damage to cartilage poses a serious clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons and rheumatologists. No medication exists to treat or reconstitute physical defects in articular cartilage, and pharmacotherapy is limited to pain control. Developments in the field of articular cartilage repair include microfracture, osteochondral autografting, osteochondral allografting, repair with synthetic resorbable plugs, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. MR imaging techniques have the potential to allow in vivo monitoring of the collagen and proteoglycan content of cartilage repair tissue and may provide useful additional metrics of cartilage repair tissue quality. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clin... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926150 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926150 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Knee Osteoarthritis Research: Semiquantitative and Compositional Assessment http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926149&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000043%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Semiquantitative assessment of the knee by expert magnetic resonance imaging readers is a powerful research tool for understanding the natural history of osteoarthritis (OA). Several reliable semiquantitative scoring systems have been applied to large observational cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies and interventional clinical trials. Such evaluations have enabled understanding of the relevance of disease in structures within the knee joint to explain pain and progression of OA. Compositional imaging of cartilage has added to our ability to detect early degeneration before morphologic changes are present, which may help to prevent the permanent morphologic changes commonly seen in knee OA. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926149 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926149 Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis: Biomechanical Considerations http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926148&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000092%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on 3 aspects of knee biomechanics that have potential magnetic resonance imaging correlates, and which may serve as prognostic biomarkers: knee malalignment, meniscal dysfunction, and injury of the osteochondral unit. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926148 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926148 MR Imaging of Articular Cartilage Physiology http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926147&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000110%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The newer magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods can give insights into the initiation, progression, and eventual treatment of osteoarthritis. Sodium imaging is specific for changes in proteoglycan (PG) content without the need for an exogenous contrast agent. T1ρ imaging is sensitive to early PG depletion. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging has high resolution and sensitivity. T2 mapping is straightforward and is sensitive to changes in collagen and water content. Ultrashort echo time MR imaging examines the osteochondral junction. Magnetization transfer provides improved contrast between cartilage and fluid. Diffusion-weighted imaging may be a valuable tool in postoperative imaging. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926147 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926147 Morphologic Imaging of Articular Cartilage http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926146&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000109%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the role of MR imaging in the evaluation of articular cartilage, the appearance of cartilage lesions on MR imaging, and the currently available MR imaging techniques for evaluating cartilage morphology. A limitation of currently available sequences is their inability to consistently detect superficial degenerative and posttraumatic cartilage lesions that may progress to more advanced osteoarthritis. In the future, improved image quality may allow for better evaluation of articular cartilage and earlier detection of cartilage lesions. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926146 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926146 MRI Appearance of Normal Articular Cartilage http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926145&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000080%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes At each joint, the extracellular matrix of cartilage is arranged in a complex and characteristic organization that is specific for that joint. This structure exerts a strong influence on the appearance of magnetic resonance (MR) images through orientation-related alterations in T2 decay. As a result, the MR appearance of cartilage at each joint is predictable and specific for that joint. The diagnostic utility of MR imaging for evaluating cartilage is enhanced when the acquisition and review of the images is informed by an understanding of this relationship between normal structure and the MR appearance of cartilage. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926145 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926145 MRI of Cartilage http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926144&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000122%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Evaluation of articular cartilage plays an integral role in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent chronic disease affecting millions of Americans and is one of the most common causes of disability in the United States. Many individuals in our country and worldwide also suffer from the debilitating effects of inflammatory, crystalline-induced, and infectious arthritis. New medical and surgical treatment options are now available to treat these individuals. However, noninvasive methods are needed to identify patients who can be treated early and aggressively to prevent future morbidity and to monitor the response to medical and surgical interventions. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926144 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926144 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926143&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000195%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926143 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926143 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926142&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000183%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926142 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926142 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926141&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000171%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926141 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926141 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4926140&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968911000250%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4926140 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4926140 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227553&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001303%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227553 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:20 +0100 4227553 Diffusion MR Imaging for Monitoring of Treatment Response http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227552&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000735%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Functional imaging techniques are increasingly being used to monitor response to therapies, often predicting the success of therapy before conventional measurements are changed. This review focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted water diffusivity as a tumor response parameter. Response assessments are undertaken by noting changes in signal intensity on high b-value images or by using measurements of apparent diffusion coefficient values. The different diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI appearances in response to treatment of soft tissue disease and bone metastases are discussed. DW-MRI changes observed in response to cytotoxics, radiotherapy, antiangiogenics, embolization, and thermocoagulation are detailed. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227552 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:20 +0100 4227552 Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Tumors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227551&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000760%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the technical aspects of DWI, particularly the quantitative and qualitative interpretation of images in MSK tumors. The clinical application of DWI for tumor detection, characterization, differentiation of tumor tissue from others, and assessment of treatment response are emphasized. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227551 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:19 +0100 4227551 Pelvic Applications of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Images http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227550&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000723%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful imaging technique in neuroimaging; its value in abdominal and pelvic imaging has only recently been appreciated as a result of improvements in magnetic resonance imaging technology. There is growing interest in the use of DWI for evaluating pathology in the pelvis. Its ability to noninvasively characterize tissues and to depict changes at a cellular level allows DWI to be an effective complement to conventional sequences of pelvic imaging, especially in oncologic patients. The addition of DWI may obviate contrast material in those with renal insufficiency or contrast material allergy. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227550 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:19 +0100 4227550 Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Upper Abdomen: Technical Issues and Clinical Applications http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227549&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000656%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses imaging strategies for DWI on the upper abdomen, describes the clinical protocol, and reviews the most common clinical applications of DWI on solid abdominal organs. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227549 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:18 +0100 4227549 Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227548&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000644%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the clinical applications of breast DWI, including literature results, technical issues and limitations, and the potential applications. The analysis of DWI at our institution is also discussed. The establishment of standard DWI protocols and diagnostic criteria is necessary to ensure accuracy and reproducibility at different centers. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227548 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:18 +0100 4227548 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Chest http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227547&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000693%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is feasible in the chest with currently available MR imaging scanners, although it is technically demanding. Although there is scarce clinical experience, the use of DWI has shown promising results in the characterization of pulmonary nodules, in lung cancer characterization and staging, and in the evaluation of mediastinal and pleural pathology. Ongoing research opens a door to noninvasive evaluation of heart fibers by means of diffusion-tensor imaging. Another area under investigation is the use of DWI of hyperpolarized gases as an early biomarker of pulmonary disease. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227547 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:18 +0100 4227547 Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Head and Neck http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227546&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000711%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the physical principles of DW imaging in the head and neck and describes how it can help to solve this and several other related problems. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227546 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:18 +0100 4227546 Diffusion MR Imaging in Central Nervous System http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227545&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000759%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the several central nervous system conditions that may be diagnosed with diffusion imaging. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227545 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227545 Basic Concepts of MR Imaging, Diffusion MR Imaging, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227544&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000747%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes MR image contrast is based on intrinsic tissue properties and specific pulse sequences and parameter adjustments. A growing number of MRI imaging applications are based on diffusion properties of water. To better understand MRI diffusion-weighted imaging, a brief overview of MR physics is presented in this article followed by physics of the evolving techniques of diffusion MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227544 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227544 Preface: Diffusion Imaging: From Head to Toe http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227543&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001200%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Imaging methods are part of doctors’ daily practice. As a result, MRI was ranked the top medical innovation by physicians in a recent study. The authors of that study believe that it might provide an impetus for further research aimed at understanding the socioeconomic factors that contribute to the perceived value of innovations, and much is being done to reach this importance. There is an urge for changes, and technical improvements are continuously released. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227543 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227543 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227542&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001285%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227542 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227542 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227541&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001273%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227541 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227541 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227540&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001261%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227540 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227540 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4227539&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001625%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4227539 Sat, 04 Dec 2010 08:55:17 +0100 4227539 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204827&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891000098X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204827 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204827 Bone Marrow http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204826&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000425%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the composition of bone marrow and the normal progression of bone marrow changes as they occur throughout the aging process, and provides examples of pitfalls and variants that may simulate disease. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204826 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204826 MR Imaging Features of Common Variant Spinal Anatomy http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204825&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000681%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The spine is one of the most commonly imaged body parts for all age groups, with indications ranging from congenital abnormalities at birth to degenerative pathology toward the end of life. Because of the importance of softtissue contrast when imaging the spine, MR imaging has become the most important modality in its evaluation. One of the key challenges in the clinical analysis of spinal MR imaging lies in the wide range of so-called normal variability. The goal of this article is not to provide the reader with an exhaustive atlas detailing the appearance of every known variant. Instead, the authors review the MR appearance of the most important variants and provide a logical and, they hope, memorable framework for assimilating this information into practice. To understand why these vari... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204825 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204825 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Midfoot and Forefoot: Normal Variants and Pitfalls http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204824&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000474%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Magnetic resonance imaging of the midfoot and forefoot are increasingly requested examinations for a variety of symptoms. This region has its own particular anatomic variants, which the interpreting radiologist needs to be aware of, including accessory ossicles, sesamoid variants, and tarsal coalitions. In addition, certain pulse sequences used in this region are predisposed to artifact, which may lead to false-positive findings. These topics are discussed in this content in addition to the inclusion of pointers to help avoid pitfalls in interpretation of common diseases. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204824 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204824 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pitfalls and Normal Variations: The Knee http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204822&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891000067X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews useful diagnostic criteria and imaging pitfalls more commonly encountered in the knee. Knowledge of the anatomy and pathologic conditions presented can lead to more accurate and useful interpretation that can assist clinicians in patient care. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204822 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204822 MR Imaging of the Hip: Normal Anatomic Variants and Imaging Pitfalls http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204821&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000668%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the numerous variants of the hip that are frequently seen on arthrographic and nonarthrographic MR imaging examinations. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204821 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204821 Pitfalls of Wrist MR Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204820&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000437%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews normal anatomic variants and potential danger areas encountered by the radiologist when interpreting magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204820 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204820 Preface: Normal Variants and Pitfalls in Musculoskeletal MRI http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204817&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000899%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes For radiologists, the term “normal variant” is introduced during the very early stages of training, perhaps even on the first day of residency. Seeing an azygous lobe for the first time seemed innocuous enough, but things got a bit more nerve-wracking during the first week of night float when a child in the E.D. had focal tenderness at a fragmented apophysis that looked just like in image in the Keats normal variants reference book. Indeed, it is difficult to confidently use the word “normal” in a report when an anatomic structure just doesn’t look right on radiography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, or even scintigraphy or PET imaging. The human body is rife with potential imaging pitfalls. It is essential for imagers to draw upon a knowledge base of anatomic structures that vary from the... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204817 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204817 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204816&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000966%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204816 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204816 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204815&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000954%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204815 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204815 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204814&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000942%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204814 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204814 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204813&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001352%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204813 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204813 Elbow Magnetic Resonance Imaging Variants and Pitfalls http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204819&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000449%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Imaging variants of the elbow and pitfalls can be disconcerting and can lead to diagnostic mistakes. Inhomogeneities in the magnetic field and coil position can result in signal changes that may simulate abnormality. Bone signal and morphology variants, such as the islands of red marrow and the pseudodefect of the capitellum and intraarticular inclusions such as plicae, may be mistaken for abnormal findings. Variations of the distal biceps and triceps tendons and different aspects of the ligaments and their insertions, as well as nonpathologic signal and width changes in the ulnar nerve, are other examples of common pitfalls in magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204819 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204819 Normal Variants and Pitfalls in MR Imaging of the Ankle and Foot http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204823&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000462%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on the variants and imaging pitfalls in the ankle and foot. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204823 Mon, 23 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204823 Shoulder MR Imaging Normal Variants and Imaging Artifacts http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4204818&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000450%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The appearance of osseous, labral, hyaline cartilage, ligament, muscle, and tendon variants and pitfalls are discussed with attention to the keys to distinguishing each of the findings from pathologic lesions of the shoulder. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4204818 Mon, 23 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4204818 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194430&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000851%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194430 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194430 Tumors of the Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts: Radiologic–Pathologic Correlation http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194429&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000590%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the MR imaging appearance of these tumors with pathologic correlation. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194429 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194429 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver: Parametric Assessments Beyond Morphology http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194428&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000413%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article presents a summary of the different functional MR imaging techniques currently in use, focusing on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, diffusion-weighted MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, in- and oppose-phase MR imaging, and T2*-weighted imaging. For each technique, the biologic underpinning for the technique is explained, the clinical applications surveyed, and the challenges for their application enumerated. Developing and less frequently used techniques such as MR elastography, blood oxygenation level dependent imaging, dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging, and diffusion-tensor imaging are reviewed. The challenges widespread adoption of functional MR imaging and the translation of such techniques to high field strengths are also discussed. (Source: Magnetic Reso... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194428 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194428 Imaging at Higher Magnetic Fields: 3 T Versus 1.5 T http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194427&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article outlines the various arenas involved in MR imaging of the hepatobiliary system at 3 Tesla (T) compared with 1.5 T by (1) highlighting magnetic field–dependent MR contrast phenomena that contribute to the overall appearance of high-field hepatobiliary imaging; (2) summarizing the biodistributions of different gadolinium chelates used as MR contrast agents and their effectiveness regarding the static magnetic field; (3) showing the implementation of advanced imaging techniques such as three-dimensional acquisition schemes and parallel acceleration techniques used in T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted hepatobiliary imaging; and (4) addressing artifact mechanisms exacerbated by, or originating from, increase of the static magnetic field. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinic... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194427 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194427 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Liver: Sequence Optimization and Artifacts http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194426&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The liver is one of the most challenging organs of the body to image with magnetic resonance because it is large and mobile, receives a dual blood supply, and is surrounded by organs and structures that contribute to artifacts from flow and susceptibility. Recent advances in imaging hardware, in addition to improvements in temporal resolution and development of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents, make imaging of the liver more approachable than in the past; however, it remains a complex process that requires compromise. In this article the authors discuss development and optimization of a liver imaging protocol at 1.5 T, with common variations in each element of the protocol, as well as the strengths and weaknesses associated with the relevant sequences. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imagin... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194426 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194426 MR Imaging Evaluation of the Hepatic Vasculature http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194425&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000541%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Assessment of the hepatic vasculature is essential for tumor staging, surgical planning, and understanding of liver disease. Technological advances have made contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging comparable to multidetector-row computed tomography for diagnostic vascular imaging with respect to spatial resolution. Unenhanced MR angiographic sequences enable reasonable clinical assessment of vessels without contrast agents in patients with contraindications or renal insufficiency. Furthermore, MR angiography may be used to provide directional information through manipulation of the signal intensity of flowing blood. A major limitation to consistent contrast-enhanced MR angiography is the timing of MR image acquisition with arrival of the contrast bolus in the structures of inter... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194425 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194425 Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography of Benign Disorders of the Biliary System http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194424&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000565%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an elegant MR technique for noninvasively delineating the biliary system. Technologic advances in MRCP acquisition and processing and the routine availability of three-dimensional sequences have facilitated detailed assessment of biliary anatomy and pathologic or congenital processes; therefore, invasive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is rarely needed for establishing a diagnosis. MRCP can be combined with contrast-enhanced MR imaging to enable concurrent evaluation of organs such as the liver and pancreas in addition to functional biliary imaging. This review focuses on the current use of MRCP to evaluate nonmalignant processes affecting the biliary system. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194424 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194424 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Biliary Tumors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194423&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891000053X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article presents current magnetic resonance imaging techniques for the diagnosis of biliary tumors. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive protocol, combining imaging sequences of the liver parenchyma and soft tissues with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance angiography to detect and stage biliary malignancies. Imaging characteristics that may indicate a specific diagnosis are discussed. The potential role of diffusion-weighted imaging in diagnosing the cause of biliary obstruction and detecting unsuspected nodal disease and peritoneal seeding is emphasized and illustrated. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194423 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194423 Hepatic Perfusion Imaging: Concepts and Application http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194422&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000486%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Hepatic perfusion imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an emerging technique for quantitative assessment of diffuse hepatic disease and hepatic lesion blood flow. The principal method that has been used is based on T1 dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Perfusion imaging shows promise in the assessment of tumor therapy response, staging of liver fibrosis, and evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma. The future standardization of imaging protocols and MR imaging pulse sequences will allow for broader clinical applications. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194422 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194422 Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Liver Metastases http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194421&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000401%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the basic principles of DWI and discusses its emerging role in the detection of liver metastases in patients with extrahepatic malignancies. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194421 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194421 MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194420&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000516%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy typically associated with chronic liver disease and is a leading cause of mortality among these patients. Prognosis is improved when detected early. MRI is the best imaging examination for accurate diagnosis. Although arterial enhancement with delayed washout, increased T2-weighted signal intensity, delayed capsular enhancement, restricted diffusion, and tumor thrombus are typical features, not all lesions demonstrate these findings. The radiologist must be familiar with these typical imaging characteristics, and less common appearances and associated findings of HCC, and must be able to differentiate them from those of lesions that mimic HCC. Knowledge of therapeutic options and how those are related to imaging findings is imperative t... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194420 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194420 MR Imaging of Benign Focal Liver Lesions http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194419&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000504%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the usefulness of these imaging techniques in detecting and characterizing the most common benign focal liver lesions. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194419 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194419 Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis on MR Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194418&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000607%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on the current role of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection and characterization of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. In particular, the characteristic MR imaging features of morphologic changes and focal manifestations of chronic liver disease are highlighted. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194418 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194418 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Liver Iron http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194417&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000632%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article provides an overview of iron deposition and diseases where liver iron overload is clinically relevant. Next, this article reviews why quantitative noninvasive biomarkers of liver iron would be beneficial. Finally, we describe current state-of-the-art methods for quantifying iron with MR imaging and review remaining challenges and unsolved problems. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194417 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194417 Quantification of Liver Fat with Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194416&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000620%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews emerging MR imaging techniques that attempt to quantify liver fat. The content provides an overview of fatty liver disease and diseases where fat is an important disease feature. Also discussed is the current use and limitation of nontargeted biopsy in diffuse liver disease and why quantitative noninvasive biomarkers of liver fat would be beneficial. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194416 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194416 Preface http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194415&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891000070X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This issue of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America brings together the most recent developments in liver MR imaging which have occurred over the last decade. Stronger gradients and faster sequences enable more robust imaging of abdominal organs. The combination of functional data acquisition with the drive towards obtaining more accurate and objective measures of disease continues to push the envelope in MR research. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194415 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194415 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194414&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000838%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194414 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194414 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194413&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000826%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194413 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194413 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194412&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000814%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194412 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194412 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4194411&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910001212%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4194411 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4194411 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594196&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000243%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594196 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594196 MR Intervention: Indications, Technique, Correlation and Histologic http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594195&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000140%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Although breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was initially hindered by the limited availability of coils, protocols, and particularly breast biopsy devices, standardized imaging and specialized equipment necessary to perform high-quality MR imaging of the breast is now readily available. Those performing breast MR imaging should also be capable of performing biopsies, or at least have a close association with a facility that does. Optimal management of patients requires a good understanding of the indications and technique of breast MR imaging biopsies. In this article the indications for breast MR interventional procedures along with the techniques used are described. In addition, the histologic process encountered and recommended strategies for patient management are discussed. (Sourc... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594195 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594195 Probably Benign Lesions Detected on Breast MR Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594194&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the published retrospective and prospective data regarding the use and cancer yield of the BI-RADS 3 assessment category as well as the morphology and kinetics of lesions that may be considered suitable for short-term follow-up. Consideration is also given to how the costs, clinical indication for the examination, experience of the reader, and availability of comparisons may affect the use of the BI-RADS 3 category. Based on the evidence that is available, an algorithm is offered with imaging examples as a guide for determining if lesions are appropriate for short-term follow-up. Additional research is needed to fully clarify the distinct morphologic and kinetic characteristics that allow patients to safely avoid biopsy without changing prognosis if malignancy is prese... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594194 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594194 MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Equivocal Clinical and Imaging Findings of the Breast http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594193&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000139%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines the clinical scenarios and imaging findings in which MR imaging is contributory to patient management after conventional workup with equivocal results. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594193 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594193 A Clinical Oncologic Perspective on Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594192&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000085%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging identifies cancer not found by clinical examination or other breast imaging studies, but its effect on patient outcomes is controversial. To date, its use has not been shown to increase the likelihood of obtaining negative surgical margins, decrease the rate of conversion from lumpectomy to mastectomy, or decrease local recurrence. The rate of tumor identification with MR imaging is 2 to 3 times higher than the incidence of local recurrence, resulting in mastectomies that may not be beneficial to the patient. This is also a concern with the use of MR imaging for contralateral cancer detection. The use of MR imaging for early detection of local recurrence does not take into account what is known about the biology of local recurrence because a short interval t... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594192 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594192 The Effectiveness of MR Imaging in the Assessment of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594191&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000061%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is, due to its diffuse infiltrative growth pattern, a diagnostic challenge. Even in retrospect, only up to 80% are visible at mammography. Moreover, both mammography and ultrasound tend to structurally underestimate the size of ILC. Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is usually performed after initial cancer detection. In this setting, the sensitivity is approximately 96%. However, multiple cases have been reported in which ILC has been initially detected with MR imaging, thus implying a potential advantage of MR imaging over mammography in screening. The size of an ILC as reported on MR imaging correlates well with size at pathology (r = 0.89). Additional tumor foci are detected by MR imaging in approximately one-third of patients, and th... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594191 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594191 Role of Breast MR Imaging in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594190&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now widely used in the management of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Early initiation of systemic therapy can improve overall and disease-free survival for patients with LABC or inflammatory cancer. MR imaging with intravenous contrast and advanced MR imaging techniques provide new opportunities for assessing tumor morphologic changes, tumor vascularity, tumor cellularity, and tumor metabolic features. MR imaging is more reliable than the conventional methods in the assessment of tumor size and vascularity changes during and after chemotherapy. The addition of advanced imaging techniques to further characterize tumor cellularity and metabolic features appears promising. However, there is still no consensus on the role of MR imaging for assessing response ... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594190 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594190 Update on Screening Breast MRI in High-Risk Women http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594189&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000048%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. One in 8 women develops breast cancer and approximately 30% of all affected women die of the disease. By performing a nationwide screening program in the Netherlands, a mortality reduction of 1.2% annually was achieved. The screening program is for women between the ages of 50 and 75 years; however, women with an increased risk for developing breast cancer are mostly younger. The role of MRI in this particular group of women has been described in different studies. MRI of the breast in this group of women has a higher sensitivity than mammography, but the highest sensitivity is reached by the combination of these two imaging modalities. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594189 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594189 MR Imaging of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594188&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891000005X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the biology of DCIS and the unique kinetic and morphologic features of DCIS at MR imaging that allow reliable diagnosis of DCIS lesions, including noninvasive disease that is mammographically occult. Increased detection of DCIS lesions at MR imaging has important implications for high-risk screening programs and for staging of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Future research may provide prognostic information extracted from the MR phenotype of in situ cancer. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594188 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594188 Optimizing 1.5-Tesla and 3-Tesla Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breasts http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594187&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000127%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the necessary equipment and pulse sequences for performing a high-quality study. Although imaging at 3-Tesla (T) has a higher signal-to-noise ratio, the protocol needs to be modified from the 1.5-T system to provide optimal imaging. The article presents the requirements for performing breast MRI and discusses techniques to ensure high-quality examinations on 1.5-T and 3-T systems. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594187 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594187 Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating the Extent of Disease http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594186&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000036%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews some of the current discussion regarding the use of breast MRI in this patient population. It is important to note that this discussion occurs in an evolving context of surgical and breast conservation therapies. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594186 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594186 Implementing a Breast MR Imaging Program: All Things Considered http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594185&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article attempts to address some of these issues, including selection of a magnet based on needs of the particular practice and magnet field strength, selection of a dedicated breast coil, magnet location and siting, advantages and challenges of higher strength magnets such as 3 Tesla, establishing a referral base, scheduling of breast MR examinations, patient safety concerns, and examination interpretation and reporting. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594185 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594185 The BI-RADS Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lexicon http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594184&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lexicon was designed to standardize interpretation and reporting of breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings, ultimately improving communication between radiologists and clinicians and facilitating patient care. The lexicon includes 3 lesion types: mass, focus, and non-masslike enhancement. The mass category is analogous to the mass category in the mammography lexicon. Non-masslike enhancement is comparable with calcifications in the mammography lexicon. Unique to the MR lexicon is description of lesion enhancement. In addition, description of background enhancement allows assessment and communication of the sensitivity of the study. The Breast MR Imaging Lexicon is reviewed and images provided to illustrate these descriptor terminologies. (Sour... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594184 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594184 Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Current Clinical Indications http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594183&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000103%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the current clinical indications for breast MR including screening for breast cancer, diagnostic indications for breast MR, and MR guidance for interventional procedures. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594183 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594183 Preface http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594182&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000152%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In recent years, great advancements have occurred in breast imaging that can be attributed to the marked technological improvements in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the breast and to an increase in its usefulness in the evaluation and management of breast disease. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594182 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594182 Forthcoming Issues http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594181&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496891000022X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594181 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594181 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594180&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000218%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594180 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594180 Contributors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594179&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000206%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594179 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594179 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594178&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968910000371%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594178 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594178 Index http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054921&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001536%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054921 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054921 The Clinical Role of Fusion Imaging Using PET, CT, and MR Imaging http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054920&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496890900141X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses recent advances in clinical multimodality imaging, the role of correlative fusion imaging in a clinical setting, and future opportunities and challenges facing the adoption of multimodality imaging. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054920 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054920 MRI in Dementia http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054919&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001408%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes With cognitive disorders increasingly common, clinicians urgently need faster and more accurate tools to classify such disorders and to noninvasively monitor therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide information on MRI techniques that enable the study of the morphology, neuronal integrity, and metabolism of dementing illnesses. In addition, we explore the usefulness of such techniques as surrogate markers of these diseases. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054919 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054919 MRI of Hip Osteoarthritis and Implications for Surgery http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054918&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001391%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article gives an overview on the standard MR imaging techniques used for diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis and their implications for surgery. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054918 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054918 MR Imaging in Osteoarthritis: Hardware, Coils, and Sequences http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054917&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS106496890900138X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Whole-organ assessment of a joint with osteoarthritis (OA) requires tailored MR imaging hardware and imaging protocols to diagnose and monitor degenerative disease of the cartilage, menisci, bone marrow, ligaments, and tendons. Image quality benefits from increased field strength, and 3.0-T MR imaging is used increasingly for assessing joints with OA. Dedicated surface coils are required for best visualization of joints affected by OA, and the use of multichannel phased-array coils with parallel imaging improves image quality and/or shortens acquisition times. Sequences that best show morphologic abnormalities of the whole joint include intermediate-weighted fast-spin echo sequences. Also quantitative sequences have been developed to assess cartilage volume and thickness and to analyze car... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054917 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054917 Imaging of Lymphoma of the Musculoskeletal System http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054916&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001378%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews imaging features of lymphoma of bone, muscles, cutaneous, and subcutaneous tissue. At radiography, lymphoma of the bone is most commonly lytic, but the affected bone also can appear deceivingly normal, even when a large tumor is present. At CT, lymphoma of muscle can be homogenous in attenuation, and it may not show contrast enhancement, making tumor detection more difficult. Post-treatment changes often are encountered at MR imaging and positron emission tomography, and when considered in light of the patient's therapy regimen (eg, radiation therapy and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor), they usually can be differentiated from tumor. Post-treatment changes include diffuse FDG uptake in marrow after chemotherapy, indicating rebound of normal marrow, and MR imaging... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054916 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054916 Diagnostic Breast MR Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054915&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001366%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Breast MRI has become an integral component in breast imaging. Indications have become clearer and better defined. Guidelines and recommendations are evolving and many are recognized and published. Future applications are exciting and may possibly improve our ability to diagnose breast cancer, improving the patient's treatment options and ultimately patient outcome. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054915 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054915 MR Imaging of the Aorta http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054914&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001354%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews and illustrates present MR imaging methods for evaluation of the aorta. Common diseases of the aorta also are discussed with a focus on their unique morphologic and functional features and characteristic MR imaging findings. Knowledge of pathologic conditions of common aortic diseases and proper MR imaging techniques enables accurate and time-efficient aortic evaluation. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054914 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:17 +0100 3054914 Magnetic Resonance Nephrourography: Current and Developing Techniques http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054913&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001342%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes MR nephrourography (MRNU) makes it possible to obtain structural and functional data within a single imaging examination without using ionizing radiation. The functional data available with MRNU allows renal physiology to be examined in ways that were not possible previously. Coupled with the exquisite soft-tissue contrast provided by standard MR images, MRNU can provide a comprehensive study that yields critical diagnostic information on structural diseases of the kidneys and collecting system, including congenital and acquired diseases, and also on the full range of the causes of dysfunction in the transplanted kidney. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054913 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054913 MR Imaging–Guided Interventions in the Genitourinary Tract: An Evolving Concept http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054912&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001330%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes MR imaging-guided interventions are well established in routine patient care in many parts of the world. There are many approaches, depending on magnet design and clinical need, based on MR imaging providing excellent inherent tissue contrast without ionizing radiation risk for patients. MR imaging-guided minimally invasive therapeutic procedures have advantages over conventional surgical procedures. In the genitourinary tract, MR imaging guidance has a role in tumor detection, localization, and staging and can provide accurate image guidance for minimally invasive procedures. The advent of molecular and metabolic imaging and use of higher strength magnets likely will improve diagnostic accuracy and allow targeted therapy to maximize disease control and minimize side effects. (Source: Magn... Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054912 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054912 Origins of Intraoperative MRI http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054911&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001329%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the various systems that have been designed over the last decade to meet the requirements of neurosurgical patients and opines on the potential future developments in the technology and application of intraoperative MRI. Because the greatest amount of experience with intraoperative MRI comes from its use in brain tumor resection, this article focuses on the origins of intraoperative MRI in relation to this field. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054911 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054911 Welcome to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Consulting Editors http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054910&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001457%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Welcome to three MRI Clinics consulting editors for 2010 and 2011. They are Vivian S. Lee, MD, PhD, MBA; Lynne Steinbach, MD; and Suresh Mukherji, MD. Dr. Lee is Professor of Radiology, Physiology, and Neurosciences; Vice-Dean for Science; and Senior Vice-President and Chief Scientific Officer at New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054910 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054910 Forthcoming Issue http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054909&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001524%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054909 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054909 Contents http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054908&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001512%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054908 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054908 CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054907&cid=s_33234_37_f&fid=33234&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mri.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS1064968909001585%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054907 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:02:16 +0100 3054907