MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Malaria Journal' source. Sat, 13 Mar 2010 14:33:30 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3356193&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F74 Conclusions: Such rapid intra-host selection of particular genotypes after the introduction of drug will cause frequent misidentification of parasite genotypes present in the starting population. This will have a potentially serious confounding effect on clinical trials, which employ PCR-corrected estimates of treatment failure, as resistant parasites below the detection threshold in the pre-treatment sample can be erroneously classified as "new" infections during follow-up, over-estimating drug efficacy. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356193 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3348157&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F73 Conclusions: AZM inhibits parasite development in the mosquito stage, probably through the same mechanism as in the liver and blood stages. Such a multi-targeting anti-malarial, along with its safety, would be ideal for mass drug administration in malaria control programmes. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3348157 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3348157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3348158&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F72 Conclusions: Saliva and urine samples could be alternative noninvasive sources of DNA for molecular detection of both P. falciparum and P. vivax. Further improvement of the detection method will offer an opportunity to use these samples for diagnosis of malaria. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3348158 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3348158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3340484&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F71 Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana has potential for use as an alternative vector control tool against insecticide-resistant mosquitoes under conditions typical of indoor resting environments. Nonetheless, the observed variation in effective virulence reveals the need for further study to optimize selection of isolates, dose and use strategy in different eco-epidemiological settings. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3340484 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3340484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333078&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F70 Conclusion: Although the future climate in the UK is favourable for the transmission of vivax malaria, the future risk of locally transmitted malaria is considered low because of low vector biting rates and the low probability of vectors feeding on a malaria-infected person. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333078 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3333078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3328734&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F69 Conclusion: A contemporary, spatially defined database of the main malaria vectors in Kenya provides a baseline for future compilations of data and helps identify areas where information is currently lacking. The data collated here are published alongside this paper where it may help guide future sampling location decisions, help with the planning of vector control suites nationally and encourage broader research inquiry into vector species niche modelling. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3328734 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3328734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3328735&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F68 Conclusions: The prevalence of pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles reported in this study is consistent with a parasite population under sustained CQ drug pressure. The low prevalence of dhps-437G and dhps-540E mutations (ISGEAA) and the rarity of quintuple-mutant haplotype pfdhfr/pfdhps-CIRNI/ISGEAA suggest that SP retains some efficacy in Swaziland. Anti-malarial policy changes in neighbouring countries may have had an impact on the prevalence of molecular markers of anti-malarial resistance in Swaziland, and it is hoped that this new information will add to understanding of the regional anti-malarial resistance map. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3328735 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3328735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324584&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F67 Conclusion: Vector control had significant indirect impact on the densely populated uphill areas when IRS was targeted to the high-risk valleys. Additionally, the wide-reaching benefits of IRS in reducing vector prevalence and disease incidence was observed for at least six months following spraying, suggesting targeted IRS as an effective tool in malaria control. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324584 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3324584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324585&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F66 Conclusions: This work demonstrated in vivo transmission blocking activity of an azadirachtin-enriched neem seed extract at an azadirachtin dose compatible with 'druggability' requisites. These results and evidence of anti-plasmodial activity of neem products accumulated over the last years encourage to convey neem compounds into the drug discovery & development pipeline and to evaluate their potential for the design of novel or improved transmission-blocking remedies. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324585 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3324585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3319573&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F65 Conclusions: Binding of DHFR inhibitors to the active sites of all four Plasmodium enzymes is broadly similar, being determined by an analogous set of seven residues. PmDHFR mutations found in field isolates influenced inhibitor interactions to a varying extent. In the case of the isolated I170M mutation, the loss of interaction with pyrimethamine suggests that DHFR-inhibitor interactions in P. malariae are different to those seen for DHFRs from P. falciparum and P. vivax. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3319573 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3319573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3319574&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F64 Conclusions: Despite the presence of inflammatory molecules within Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes, which are probably responsible for DC maturation induced by lysates, intact Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes induce a general inhibition of TLR responsiveness in DC. The observed effect on DC could play an important role in the pathology and suboptimal immune response observed during the disease. These results help to explain why immune functions are altered during malaria, and provide a system for the identification of a parasite-derived broad inhibitor of TLR-mediated signaling pathways. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3319574 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3319574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317242&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F63 Although malaria in pregnancy can cause very significant neonatal morbidity, congenital malaria is a very rare condition in both endemic and non-endemic areas. A case of congenital malaria by Plasmodium vivax, initially mistaken for neonatal sepsis, is described. The correct diagnosis was reached by chance, as congenital malaria had been missed in the initial differential diagnosis.Vivax malaria is the leading species in congenital infections in Europe. This condition should be included in the differential diagnosis of neonatal sepsis even if the mother has no proven malarial episodes during the gestational period. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317242 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3317242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3313099&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F61 Conclusion: Deployment of ALu has significantly changed community level perceptions of anti-malarial treatment. However, mothers continue to delay seeking care before accessing ALu, limiting the impact of highly subsidized rollout of the drug. Implementation of ACT-based treatment guidelines must be complemented with educational campaigns to insure that mothers seek prompt help for their children within 24 hours of the onset of fever. Improved communication between health care providers and mothers of sick children can facilitate better adherence to ALu's recommended dosage. Community level interpretations of anti-malarials are multifaceted; integrating knowledge of local beliefs and practices surrounding consumption of anti-malarials into programmatic goals can help to significantly impro... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3313099 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3313099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3313098&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F62 Conclusions: A marked decline of the A. gambiae s.s. population occurred as household ownership of bed nets rose in a region of western Kenya over a 10 year period. The increased bed net coverage likely caused a mass effect on the composition of the A. gambiae s.l. species complex, resulting in the observed proportionate increase in A. arabiensis compared to its closely related sibling species, A. gambiae s.s. These observations are important in evaluating the process of regional malaria elimination, which requires sustained vector control as a primary intervention. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3313098 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3313098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3308758&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F60 Conclusions: A population nonlinear modeling approach seems promising and produced a flexible function whose estimates were stable across various different datasets. Surprisingly, dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase mutation prevalence did not enter the model. This is probably related to a lack of power (quintuple mutations n=12), and informative censoring; treatment failures were withdrawn from the study and given rescue treatment, usually prior to completion of follow up. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3308758 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3308758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304274&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F59 Conclusions: This paper presents the first comprehensive malaria risk map of the Lao People's Democratic Republic based entirely on empirical data. The estimated population at risk is substantially lower than previous estimates, reflecting the presence of vast areas with focal or no malaria transmission identified in this study. These findings provide important guidance for malaria control interventions in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and underline the need for detailed data on malaria to accurately predict risk in countries with heterogeneous transmission. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304274 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3299824&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F58 Background: In 2005, a nationwide survey estimated that 6.5% of households in Ethiopia owned an insecticide-treated net (ITN), 17% of households had been sprayed with insecticide, and 4% of children under five years of age with a fever were taking an anti-malarial drug. Similar to other sub-Saharan African countries scaling-up malaria interventions, the Government of Ethiopia set an ambitious national goal in 2005 to (i) provide 100% ITN coverage in malarious areas, with a mean of two ITNs per household; (ii) to scale-up indoor residual spraying of households with insecticide (IRS) to cover 30% of households targeted for IRS; and (iii) scale-up the provision of case management with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), particularly at the peripheral... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3299824 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3299824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3296159&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F57 Conclusions: Mass administration of artemisinin-piperaquine and low doses of primaquine can be an effective, safe, and affordable strategy for efficiently eliminating malaria parasites in human carriers and interrupting parasite transmission. This study provides important information for future strategies for the eradication of malaria. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3296159 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3296159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3285564&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F56 Conclusion: Although AM-LM requires six doses, rather than three doses for other artemisinin-based combinations, it has potential advantages over other forms of ACT. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerance of these combinations in different epidemiological context. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285564 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3281359&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F55 Conclusion: The species composition of Anopheles larvae varied in different habitats at various locations. Anopheles populations fluctuated with the seasonal dynamics of vegetation for 2007. Multi-year data of mosquito collections are required to provide a better characterization of the abundance of these insects from year to year, which can potentially provide predictive capability of their population density based on remotely sensed ecological measurements. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281359 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3277609&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F54 Conclusion: A variety of resource-related factors were shown to affect the health seeking behaviour of pregnant women in rural Tanzania. Thus, accessibility to ANC services was hampered by direct and indirect costs, travel distances and waiting time. Strengthening of user-fee exemption practices and bringing services closer to the users, for example by promoting community-directed control of selected public health services, including IPTp, are urgently needed measures for increasing equity in health services in Tanzania. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3277609 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3277609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3274049&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F53 Conclusion: Delay in parasite clearance is multifactorial, is related to drug resistance and treatment failure in uncomplicated malaria and has implications for malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3274049 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3274049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264466&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F52 Conclusion: These findings confirm persistantly high levels of resistance to chloroquine by P. falciparum in southern Sumatra, and suggest that high-grade and frequent resistance to chloroquine by P. vivax may be spreading westward in the Indonesia archipelago. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264466 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264470&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F48 Background: Controlled clinical trials have shown that a six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria results in cure rates >95% with good tolerability.Materials and methodsA prospective study was carried out to document the adherence to and acceptability of AL administration. This was undertaken in the context of the ALIVE study, a prospective, community-based, observational study in a rural, malaria-endemic area of Tanzania. Following microscopic confirmation of P. falciparum infection, the first AL dose was taken under supervision, with the subsequent five doses taken unsupervised at home. Patients were randomized to receive a home-based assessment close to the scheduled time for one of the unsupervised doses, but were blinded ... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264470 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264469&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F49 Background: The activity of promising anti-malarial drugs against Plasmodium gametocytes is hard to evaluate even in vitro. This is because visual examination of stained smears, which is commonly used, is not totally convenient. In the current study, flow cytometry has been used to study the effect of established anti-malarial drugs against sexual stages obtained from W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Gametocytes were treated for 48h with different drug concentrations and the gametocytaemia was then determined by flow cytometry and compared with visual estimation by microscopy.Results and conclusionsInitially gametocytaemia was evaluated either using light microscopy or flow cytometry. A direct correlation (r2 = 0.9986) was obtained. Two distinct peaks were observed on cytometry histogra... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264469 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264468&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F50 Conclusions: Evidence on the distribution chain for retail sector malaria treatment was mainly descriptive and lacked representative data on a national scale. These are important limitations in the advent of the Affordable Medicine Facility for Malaria, which aims to increase consumer access to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), through a subsidy introduced at the top of the distribution chain. This review calls for rigorous distribution chain analysis, notably on the factors that influence ACT availability and prices in order to contribute to efforts towards improved access to effective malaria treatment. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264468 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264467&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F51 Conclusions: A drug-like library of non-piperidine analogs of mefloquine was synthesized. From amongst this library an active lead series of less permeable, but metabolically stable, diamines was identified. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264467 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3260685&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F47 Conclusion: Health education to improve knowledge, perceptions and health-seeking behaviour related to malaria is equally important for caregivers in 'at risk' villages and caregivers in 'control' villages as minimal differences seen between both groups. Concluding, there may be a need of more than one generation after the introduction of the dam before differences can be noticed. Secondly, differences in prevalence between 'control' and 'at- risk' villages may not be sufficient to influence knowledge and behaviour. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3260685 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3260685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3256608&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F46 Conclusions: These results suggest that a combination of protective antibodies with either the same or different isotypes can produce either an additive or a suppressive effect in passive immunization. This phenomenon may be important in better understanding immunity in this experimental mouse model of malaria. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3256608 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3256608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3252298&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F45 Conclusion: These data provide evidence that COX-2 and IL-10 are highly induced during chronic infection of the placenta, but were not associated with preterm delivery or low birth weight. The data support the involvement of COX-2 in the recovery phase of the placental infection. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3252298 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3252298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249362&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F44 Conclusion: As an IRS treatment against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes chlorpyrifos methyl CS outperformed DDT and lambdacyhalothrin. In IRS campaigns, chlorpyrifos methyl CS should show higher, more-sustained levels of malaria transmission control than conventional formulations of DDT or pyrethroids. The remarkable residual activity indicates that cost-effective alternatives to DDT are feasible through modern formulation technology. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249362 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3237484&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F43 Conclusion: The current first-line treatment and a three-day combination regimen of artesunate-mefloquine provides excellent patient compliance with good efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of highly multidrug resistance falciparum malaria. Previous treatment with mefloquine and primaquine were common in this area. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3237484 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3237484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3237486&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F41 Background: The effectiveness of malaria chemoprophylaxis is limited by the lack of compliance whose determinants are not well known. Methods: The compliance with malaria chemoprophylaxis has been estimated and analysed by validated questionnaires administered before and after the short-term missions (about four months) in five tropical African countries of 2,093 French soldiers from 19 military companies involved in a prospective cohort study. "Correct compliance" was defined as "no missed doses" of daily drug intake during the entire mission and was analysed using multiple mixed-effect logistic regression model. Results: The averaged prevalence rate of correct compliance was 46.2%, ranging from 9.6%to 76.6% according to the companies. Incorrect compliance was significantly associated wit... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3237486 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3237486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3237485&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F42 Conclusions: The SEA will provide an additional framework for researchers and local stakeholders that promotes innovation and adaptability. This approach will facilitate the development of new ideas, strategies and approaches to understand how health issues, such as malaria, affect vulnerable communities. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3237485 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3237485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3233283&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F40 Conclusions: The anopheline fauna of Timor-Leste is of Oriental origin with no evidence of elements from the Australian Region. The existence of species complexes will make the use of morphological markers problematic in the country. Using molecular analysis a number of issues regarding the anopheline fauna of Timor-Leste were resolved and nine putative species of Anopheles were identified; two species: An. barbirostris and An. vagus genotype B, were incriminated as malaria vectors. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3233283 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3233283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3229155&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F38 Conclusion: The novel HGMS procedure achieves unprecedented purities of segmented stage irbc from standard asynchronous cultures, and is the first depletion alternative to sorbitol lysis. Therefore, it represents a simple and highly efficient alternative to conventional irbc concentration and synchronization methods. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3229155 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3229155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225879&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F37 Conclusions: The map of parasitaemia risk together with the prediction error and the population at risk give an important overview of the malaria situation in Zambia. These maps can assist to achieve better resource allocation, health management and to target additional interventions to reduce the burden of malaria in Zambia significantly. Repeated surveys will enable the evaluation of the effectiveness of on-going interventions. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225879 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221909&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F35 Conclusion: Recognizing a potential five-fold increase in throughput, the resulting reduction in personnel costs, and the absence of inter-operator/laboratory variation possible with this approach, this counting macro may be a benefit to the malaria community. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221909 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3221909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221908&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F36 Conclusion: Collectively, the data obtained in this study clearly show that the endogenous host erythrocyte transporters hENT1 and hFNT1, rather than the NPP, are the major route of entry of purine into parasitized RBC. Inhibitors of hENT1 and hFNT1, as well as the NPP, should be considered in the development of anti-malarials targeted to purine transport. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221908 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3221908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209997&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F34 Conclusion: In this study the prevalence of molecular markers for quinoline and anti-folate resistances showed high levels and differed between the south and north of Cameroon. AQ, SP and AQ+SP treatments were well tolerated but with low levels of efficacy that suggested alternative treatments were needed in Cameroon since 2005. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209997 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3209998&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F33 Conclusions: Population genetics analysis of An. cruzii samples from different localities using a fragment of the cpr gene suggests that the Itatiaia sample represents at least one new sibling species in this complex. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3209998 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3209998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3206354&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F32 Conclusions: Pemba Island was previously considered holo-endemic for Malaria. The data suggest that the transmission situation on Pemba Island was significantly lower in 2003-2005 suggesting a hyper-endemic or meso-endemic transmission environment. The figures were obtained just before the onset of the highly successful malaria control intervention by impregnated bed nets and IRS on the Zanzibar Archipelago and provide robust estimates of the malaria transmission situation prior to the control programme. Together with other published data, the results suggest that malaria transmission had started to decrease before the onset of the control programme. The local heterogeneity in malaria incidence highlights the importance of a micro-epidemiological approach in the context of malaria control ... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3206354 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3206354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199283&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F31 ConclusionsThe CCB was an effective tool for storage of RDTs at optimal conditions, and extended the effective life-span of the tests. The concept of evaporative cooling has potential to greatly enhance access to perishable diagnostics and medicines in remote communities, as it allows prolonged storage at low cost using locally-available materials, in the absence of electricity. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199283 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199284&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F30 This article discusses the prospective role of an innovative malaria control strategy - the community-based treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum, with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). The potential of this intervention was considered by key scientists in the field at an Advisory Board meeting held in Basel, in April 2009. This article summarizes the discussions that took place among the participants.Presentation of the hypothesisAsymptomatic carriers do not seek treatment for their infection and, therefore, constitute a reservoir of parasites and thus a real public-health risk. The systematic identification and treatment of individuals with asymptomatic P. falciparum as part of a surveillance intervention strategy should reduce the parasite reservoir, and... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199284 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3195452&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F29 Conclusions: This study validates the use of the multiplex assay to measure naturally-acquired IgG antibodies against the merozoite surface protein 1 of P. vivax. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3195452 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3195452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191020&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F28 Background: Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) use HRP2 detection, including Paracheck-Pf(R), but their utility is limited by persistent false positivity after treatment. PLDH-based tests become negative more quickly, but sensitivity has been reported below the recommended standard of 90%. A new pLDH test, CareStartTM three-line P.f/PAN-pLDH, claims better sensitivity with continued rapid conversion to negative. The study aims were to 1) compare sensitivity and specificity of CareStartTM to Paracheck-Pf(R) to diagnose falciparum malaria in children under five years of age, 2) assess how quickly false-positive CareStartTM tests become negative and 3) evaluate ease of use and inter-reader agreement of both tests. Methods: Participants were included if they were aged between two and 5... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191020 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3191020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191021&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F27 Conclusions: K-bar coating is a simple and consistent method for applying fungal spore suspensions onto paper substrates, and can produce coating layers with accurate effective spore concentrations. The mosquito bioassay was suitable for evaluating fungal infectivity and virulence, allowing optimisations of spore dose and exposure time. Use of this standardized application method will help achieve reliable results that are exchangeable between different laboratories. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191021 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3191021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187099&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F23 Conclusions: The progressive confinement of malaria to minority groups and settings in the Greater Mekong sub-region implies that further success in malaria control will be linked to research into these specific socio-cultural contexts. Findings highlight the need for context sensitive malaria control policies; not only to reduce the local malaria burden but also to minimize the risk of malaria spreading to other areas where transmission has virtually ceased. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187099 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187098&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F24 The launch of a new thematic series of Malaria Journal -- "Towards malaria elimination" -- creates the forum that allows carrying scientific evidence on how to achieve malaria elimination in specific endemic settings and conditions into the circles of scientists, public health specialists, national and global programme managers, funders and decision makers. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187098 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187097&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F25 DiscussionA reservoir of hidden parasites is unlikely to be a major concern or a barrier to the ongoing malaria elimination efforts in Sri Lanka. However, as very low numbers of indigenous cases are still recorded, an island-wide assessment and in particular, continued alertness and follow up action are still needed. The findings of this study indicate that any future assessments should be based on an adaptive sampling approach, involving prompt sampling of all subjects within a specified radius, whenever a malaria case is identified in a given focus. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187097 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187096&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F26 Conclusion: The effective measures of the combination of four major control methods have produced a rapid decline in malaria morbidity and mortality on the island of Principe. The combination of IRS, IPT, and active surveillance with ACT treatment seemed to have played important roles to achieve a present status of low and stable malaria on the island. In low transmission settings, any increase of malaria morbidity indicates potential epidemics and assumes that current control strategies were interrupted. Active surveillance should be reinforced to follow and monitor all asymptomatic carriers and imported cases. Consolidation and a shift to elimination phase demands the sustainability of such integrated programmes. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187096 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187100&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F22 Background: Entomopathogenic fungi have shown great potential for the control of adult malaria vectors. However, their ability to control aquatic stages of anopheline vectors remains largely unexplored. Therefore, how larval characteristics (Anopheles species, age and larval density), fungus (species and concentration) and environmental effects (exposure duration and food availability) influence larval mortality caused by fungus, was studied. Methods: Laboratory bioassays were performed on the larval stages of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi with spores of two fungus species, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. For various larval and fungal characteristics and environmental effects the time to death was determined and survival curves established. These curves were comp... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187100 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3187100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3183614&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F21 Conclusion: Both PermaNet products were highly effective against susceptible Anopheles gambiae. As a long-lasting net to control or protect against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes PermaNet 3.0 showed limited improvement over PermaNet 2.0 against Culex quinquefasciatus. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183614 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3183615&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F20 A recently published comment on a report of Plasmodium knowlesi infections in Vietnam states that this may not accurately represent the situation in the study area because the PCR primers used may cross-hybridize with Plasmodium vivax. Nevertheless, P. knowlesi infections have been confirmed by sequencing. In addition, a neighbour-joining tree based on the 18S S-Type SSUrRNA gene shows that the Vietnamese samples clearly cluster with the P. knowlesi isolates identified in Malaysia and are distinct from the corresponding P. vivax sequences. All samples came from asymptomatic individuals who did not consult for fever during the months preceding or following the survey, indicating that asymptomatic P. knowlesi infections occur in this population, although this does not exclude the occurrence ... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183615 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3173717&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F19 Conclusions: Genotyping with gel electrophoresis overestimates the risk of recrudescence in anti-malarial trials performed in areas of high transmission intensity. Capillary electrophoresis provides more accurate outcomes for such trials and should be performed when possible. In areas of moderate transmission, gel electrophoresis appears adequate to estimate comparative risks of treatment failure. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3173717 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3173717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3173720&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F17 Conclusions: Existing protocols for the magnetic purification of free haemozoin and iRBCs result in sub-optimal yields. Inexpensive high-strength neodymium magnets offer a better option, resulting in higher yields with no detrimental effects on parasite viability. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3173720 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3173720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3173718&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F18 Conclusions: Overall, both intermittent screening and treatment and intermittent preventive treatment appeared equally acceptable to pregnant women as strategies for the control of malaria in pregnancy. The women were more concerned about quality of services received, in particular the polite and patient attitude of health staff, and positive health implications for themselves and their babies than about the nature of the intervention. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3173718 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3173718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169189&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F15 Conclusion: Findings of this study suggested that in absence of major malaria vectors there is a possibility that other Anopheles species may have been playing role in malaria transmission in Bangladesh. Therefore, further studies are required with the positive mosquito species found in this study to investigate their possible role in malaria transmission in Bangladesh. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169189 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169188&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F16 Conclusions: It was demonstrated that PM has a negative impact on the infant's subsequent weight development that is independent of LBW, suggesting that the longer term effects of PM have been underestimated, even in areas where malaria transmission is declining. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169188 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169190&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F14 Conclusions: Production of antibodies specific for each parental and recombinant MSP1 block 4 allele in different populations exposed to P. falciparum is consistent with balancing selection of the MSP1 block 4 region by the immune response of individuals in areas of both low and high malaria transmission. MSP1 block 4 determinants may be important in isolate-specific immunity to P. falciparum. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169190 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3165352&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: The main cost of resistance found for An. gambiae mosquitoes homozygous for the G119S mutation was that they were significantly more likely to die during pupation than their susceptible counterparts, and they did so across a range of larval food conditions. Comparing the frequency of G119S in fourth instar larvae and adults emerging from the same populations would provide a way to test whether this cost of resistance is being expressed in natural populations of An. gambiae and influencing the dynamics of this resistance mutation. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3165352 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3165352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3165351&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F13 Conclusion: Different clinical presentations of vivax malaria infection present strong association with activation of pro-inflammatory responses and cytokine imbalance. These findings are of utmost importance to improve current knowledge about physiopathological concepts of this serious widespread disease. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3165351 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3165351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158535&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F10 Conclusions: The overall picture in this case was one of systemic malaria infection that fit the WHO classification for severe malaria. Post-mortem findings in this case were unexpectedly similar to those that define fatal falciparum malaria, including cerebral pathology. There were important differences including the absence of coma despite petechial haemorrhages and parasite sequestration in the brain. These results suggest that further study of knowlesi malaria will aid the interpretation of, often conflicting, information on malaria pathophysiology in humans. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158535 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3158535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158534&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F11 Conclusion: It is possible to induce parasite adhesion-blocking antibodies when immunizing with a number of different VAR2CSA domains. This indicates that the CSA binding site in VAR2CSA is comprised of epitopes from different domains. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158534 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3158534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3158536&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F9 Conclusion: This study shows no increase in the frequency of molecular markers of SP resistance in areas where IPTi with SP was implemented for one year. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3158536 Sun, 10 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3158536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3147414&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F8 Conclusions: The relationship between parasite genetics and in vivo treatment failure rate is not straightforward. The frequencies of genetic anti-malarial resistance markers appear to be very similar in community and clinical samples, but cannot be used to make precise predictions of clinical outcome. Thus, indicators based on molecular data have to be considered with caution and interpreted in the local context, especially with regard to prior drug usage and level of pre-existing immunity. Testing community samples for molecular drug resistance markers is a complementary tool that should help decision-making for the best treatment options and appropriate potential alternatives. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3147414 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3147414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3147415&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F7 Conclusions: Despite restricted access to health facilities and formal education, Afghan women were surprisingly knowledgeable about the causes of malaria and the value of ITNs in prevention. Inequities in ITN usage were noted between rather than within households, with some unable to afford even one ITN and others not wanting ITNs unless all household members could be protected. Malaria knowledge thus appears a lesser barrier to ITN purchasing and coverage in eastern Afghanistan than are pricing and distribution strategies. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3147415 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3147415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3144032&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F6 Conclusions: These findings indicate that olfactory cues are key mediators of the mosquito host-seeking process and that heat and moisture play a minor role. The need for a standard, highly stringent positive control for screening synthetic attractants is strongly highlighted. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3144032 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3144032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3140257&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F5 Conclusions: This research supports previous claims of a protective effect of helminth infection on CM development. The presence of multiple parasitic infections in patients from endemic areas should therefore be carefully noted in clinical trials, and in the development of standard treatment protocols for malaria. Defined helminth antigens may be considered for alleviation of immunopathological symptoms. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3140257 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3140257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3140259&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F3 Background: Plasmodium falciparum re-emerged in Iquitos, Peru in 1994 and is now hypoendemic ( (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3140259 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3140259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3140258&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: The proposed method defines limits of acceptable agreement in a way which allows for the natural increase in variability with parasite density. This includes defining the levels of between-reader variability, which are consistent with random variation: disagreements within these limits should not trigger additional readings. This approach merits investigation in other settings, in order to determine both the extent of its applicability, and appropriate numerical values for limits of agreement. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3140258 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3140258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138147&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F2 Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that mosquito net usage remains inadequate and is strongly associated with risk of malaria among school-aged children. Infection risk amongst adults is influenced by proximity to potential mosquito breeding grounds. Taken together, these findings emphasize the importance of increasing net coverage, especially among school-aged children. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138147 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3138147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3136225&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F315 The objective of this project was to achieve high, sustainable levels of net coverage in a village in rural Tanzania by combining free distribution of long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets (LLINs) with community-tailored education. In Tanzania, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although malaria bed nets have a well-established role in reducing disease burden, few rural households have access to nets, and effective use depends on personal practices and attitudes. Methods: Five practices and attitudes inconsistent with effective LLIN use were identified from household interviews (n=10). A randomized survey of villagers (n=132) verified local prevalence of these practices and attitudes. Community leaders held an educational session for two members of every household... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3136225 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3136225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131348&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F312 The RTS,S/AS candidate malaria vaccine has demonstrated efficacy against a variety of endpoints in Phase IIa and Phase IIb trials over more than a decade. A multi-country phase III trial of RTS,S/AS01 is now underway with submission as early as 2012, if vaccine safety and efficacy are confirmed. The immunologic basis for how the vaccine protects against both infection and disease remains uncertain. It is, therefore, timely to review the information currently available about the vaccine with regard to how it impacts the human-Plasmodium falciparum host-pathogen relationship. In this article, what is known about mechanisms involved in partial protection against malaria induced by RTS,S is reviewed. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131348 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131347&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F313 Conclusion: The results from this study describe a lack of adherence to national treatment guidelines, especially in the private sector, and a relationship between prescription practices and dissemination of drug resistant falciparum malaria. As Nigeria adopts the use of ACT, there is an urgent need to improve malaria treatment practices in Nigeria in order to prolong the clinical shelf-life of the combination. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131347 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131346&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F314 Conclusion: These results reconfirm the suitability of IRIVs as a carrier/adjuvant system for the induction of strong humoral immune responses against a wide range of synthetic peptide antigens. The virosomal formulation of the FB-12 peptidomimetic is suitable for use in humans and represents a candidate component for a virosomal multi-valent malaria subunit vaccine. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131346 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3127690&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F311 Background: Preventing malaria by controlling mosquitoes in their larval stages requires regular sensitive monitoring of vector populations and intervention coverage. The study assessed the effectiveness of operational, community-based larval habitat surveillance systems within the Urban Malaria Control Programme (UMCP) in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were carried out to assess the ability of community-owned resource persons (CORPs) to detect mosquito breeding sites and larvae in areas with and without larviciding. Potential environmental and programmatic determinants of habitat detection coverage and detection sensitivity of mosquito larvae were recorded during guided walks with 64 different CORPs to assess the accuracy of data each had collected the pre... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3127690 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3127690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125453&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F310 Background: Information on the burden of malaria in early infancy is scarce. Young infants are relatively protected against clinical malaria during the first six months of life due to the presence of maternal antibodies and foetal haemoglobin, and have received relatively little attention with respect to research and treatment guidelines. The World Health Organization provides treatment guidelines for children from six months onwards, without specific treatment guidelines for the younger infants. A number of recent reports however suggest that the burden in this young age group may be underestimated. Methods: A retrospective review of paediatric hospital records at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre from 1998 to 2008 from three data sources was carried out. The number of admi... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125453 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3125453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3116921&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F309 Conclusion: Both fungus isolates are effective and persistent at low concentrations and short exposure times. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3116921 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3116921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112879&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F307 Conclusions: The distribution of major malaria vectors in Cameroon is strongly affected by the impact of humans on the environment, with variables related to proximity to human settings being among the best predictors of habitat suitability. The ecologically more tolerant species An. gambiae and An. funestus were recorded in a wide range of eco-climatic settings. The other three major vectors, An. arabiensis, An. moucheti, and An. nili, were more specialized. Ecological niche and species distribution modelling should help improve malaria vector control interventions by targeting places and times where the impact on vector populations and disease transmission can be optimized. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112879 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112878&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F308 Conclusions: CHWs can safely and effectively use RDTs in their management of febrile children; however, cost-effectiveness of RDTs is limited in zones of high malaria prevalence. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112878 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112881&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F305 In an effort to increase competition and decrease price, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria recently began asking some grant recipients to use international competitive bidding processes for certain drug purchases. Unfortunately, for countries like Kenya, this request has caused more harm than good. After awarding the tender for its annual supply of the anti-malarial artemether-lumefantrine to the lowest bidder, Ajanta Pharma, Kenya experienced wide stock-outs in part due to the company's inability to supply the order in full and on time. Similar problems could arise in Uganda. Despite Kenya's experience, Uganda has awarded its next tender for artemether-lumefantrine to Ajanta Pharma. Uganda is already facing wide stock-outs and risks exacerbating an already dire situa... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112881 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112880&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F306 Conclusions: The GM allotypes have significant influence on susceptibility to uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and antigen-dependent influence on total IgG and IgG subclasses. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112880 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3103142&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F304 Conclusions: A novel simultaneous parent-metabolite pharmacokinetic model with good predictive power was developed to study the population pharmacokinetics of AS and DHA in healthy subjects following single- and multiple-dosing of AS with or without the presence of food. Food intake and weight were significant covariates for Ka and CLM/F, respectively. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3103142 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3103142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3098240&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F302 Conclusions: The discovery that volatiles produced by human skin microorganisms in vitro mediate An. gambiae host-seeking behaviour creates new opportunities for the development of odour-baited trapping systems. Additionally, identification of bacterial volatiles provides a new method to develop synthetic blends, attractive to An. gambiae and possibly other anthropophilic disease vectors. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3098240 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3098240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3098239&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F303 Conclusions: The study data indicate that the therapeutic mechanism of chloroquine action may be attributable, at least in part, to reduction of ASB activity, leading to increased chondroitin-4-sulphation in human placental, bronchial epithelial, and cerebrovascular cells. In vivo, increased chondroitin-4-sulphation may reduce the attachment of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to human cells. Extra-lysosomal localization of ASB and reduced impact of chloroquine when baseline ASB activity is less suggest possible mechanisms of resistance to the effects of chloroquine. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3098239 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3098239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094211&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F299 Conclusions: Possible factors influencing the frequency of resistant individuals observed in the sentinel sites are discussed. The results of this study highlight the importance of standardized longitudinal insecticide resistance monitoring and the urgent need for studies to monitor the impact of this resistance on malaria vector control activities. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094211 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094210&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F300 Background: Substantial decline in malaria transmission, morbidity and mortality has been reported in several countries where new malaria control strategies have been implemented. In Gabon, the national malaria policy changed in 2003, according to the WHO recommendations. The trend in malaria morbidity was evaluated among febrile children before and after their implementation in Libreville, the capital city of Gabon. Methods: From August 2000 to December 2008, febrile paediatric outpatients and inpatients, under 11 years of age, were screened for malaria by microscopic examination at the Malaria Clinical Research Unit (MCRU) located in the largest public hospital in Gabon. Climatic data were also collected. Results: In total, 28,092 febrile children were examined; those under five years al... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094210 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094209&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F301 Conclusion: The study indicates the popular use of self-medication and traditional system especially in remote areas, which may be the main cause of delay in diagnosis of malaria. The malaria training given to the paramedical staff to assist the health care delivery needs to be intensified and expanded in north-east India. The people who are economically poor and living in remote areas mainly visit the government health service providers for seeking treatment. So, the improvement of quality health services in government health sector and provision of health education to people would increase the utilization of government health services and thereby improve the health quality of the people. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094209 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094214&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F296 Conclusions: Risk estimates based on mathematical modeling based on accurate data can be a valuable tool in assessing risk/benefits and cost/benefits when deciding on the value of interventions for travellers to malaria endemic regions. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094214 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094213&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F297 Conclusion: Addition of artesunate to mefloquine significantly modified the emergence, clearance, and densities of gametocytes and has short-lived, but significant, sex ratio modifying effects in children from this endemic area. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094213 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3094212&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F298 Background: A key component of the malaria elimination strategy in Solomon Islands (SI) is widespread coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The success of this strategy is dependent on LLIN acceptability and compliance. There has been unresolved debate among policy makers and donors as to which type of LLIN would be most appropriate for large-scale distribution in SI, and anecdotal reports of a lack of acceptability of certain brands of LLINs. A cluster randomized controlled crossover bed net acceptability and preference trial was therefore carried out from July to September, 2008 to inform policy and to facilitate community engagement and participation in the selection of the most appropriate LLIN for use in SI.MethodA three-stage sampling method was used to randomly select ... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3094212 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3094212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3090886&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F295 Background: Severe and cerebral malaria are associated with endothelial activation. Angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) are major regulators of endothelial activation and integrity. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of whole blood angiopoietin (ANG) levels as biomarkers of disease severity in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Methods: The utility of whole blood ANG levels was examined in Thai patients to distinguish cerebral (CM; n=87) and severe (non-cerebral) malaria (SM; n=36) from uncomplicated malaria (UM; n=70). Comparative statistics are reported using a non-parametric univariate analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test or Chi-squared test, as appropriate). Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to examine differences in whole blood protein leve... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3090886 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3090886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3083616&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F294 Conclusions: Although flow cytometric equipment is expensive, the necessary reagents are inexpensive, the procedure is simple and rapid, and the cell volume required is minimal. This should allow field studies using fingerprick sample volumes. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3083616 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3083616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3082770&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F293 Conclusions: Palutop+4 performed moderately for the detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax, but sensitivities were lower than those of three-band malaria RDTs. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3082770 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3082770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3080773&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F292 Conclusion: The evaluation result indicates that IPTC given three times in a year combined with timely treatment of febrile malaria illness, impacts significantly on the parasite prevalence. The marked reduction in the parasite prevalence with this strategy points to the potential for reducing malaria-related childhood morbidity and mortality, and this should be explored by control programme managers. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3080773 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3080773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077238&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F290 Conclusion: The existence of a significant association between the CTCTAA allele and susceptibility to cerebral malaria was confirmed in Southeast Asian population, which was previously reported in African populations. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077238 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077237&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F291 Conclusion: Malaria control is possible, even in tropical rain forest areas, if the health system is working adequately. Interventions have to be carefully designed and the features of the particular local Latin American context considered. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077237 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077240&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F288 An outbreak of malaria in Naxalbari, West Bengal, India, in 2005 was investigated to understand determinants and propose control measures. Malaria cases were slide-confirmed. Methods included calculation of annual blood examination rates (ABER, number of slides examined/population), collection of water specimens from potential vector-breeding sites, sorting of villages in categories depending on the number of abandoned wells within two kilometers radius and review of the DDT spray coverage. Cases were compared with matched neighbourhood controls in terms of personal protection using matched odds ratios (MOR). 7,303 cases and 17 deaths were reported between April 2005 and March 2006 with a peak during October rains (Attack rate: 50 per 1,000, case fatality: 0.2 %). The attack rate increased... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077240 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3077239&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F289 Conclusion: A distinction should be made between common but asymptomatic QT-interval prolongation and the much less common ventricular arrhythmias, such as torsades de pointes, which can be fatal and seem to occur in a very limited number of patients. The majority of reported cardiac events occurred either in patients with predisposing factors or with an improper dose. Therefore, in the rare situations in which HF is the only therapeutic option, it can still be given after carefully checking for contraindications, such as underlying cardiac disease, bradycardia, metabolic disorders, personal or family history of long QT-interval or concomitant use of another QT-prolonging drug (e.g., mefloquine), especially in females. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3077239 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3077239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073213&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F286 Conclusions: The results suggest that IL4-590C or T alleles participated differently in the regulation of anti-malarial antibody isotype profiles in primary and secondary malaria infection and, therefore, could play an important role in alteration of malaria severity. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073213 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073212&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F287 Conclusion: Anonymous mobile phone records provide valuable information on human movement patterns in areas that are typically data-sparse. Estimates of human movement patterns from Zanzibar to mainland Tanzania suggest that imported malaria risk from this group is heterogeneously distributed; a few people account for most of the risk for imported malaria. In combination with spatial data on malaria endemicity and transmission models, movement patterns derived from phone records can inform on the likely sources and rates of malaria importation. Such information is important for assessing the feasibility of malaria elimination and planning an elimination campaign. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073212 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073215&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F284 Conclusions: Multiplex QPCR but not ICTs are an essential adjunct to microscopy in the reference laboratory detection of malaria species specifically due to the superior LOD. ICTs are better suited to the non-reference laboratory where lower specimen volumes challenge microscopy proficiency in the non-endemic setting. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073215 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073214&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F285 Conclusion: The major limit of the microarray technology for this purpose was lack of robustness and with a large number of missing data or with incorrect specificity. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073214 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3068809&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F282 Conclusions: The TaqMan assay proved to be the most robust of the three protocols tested in this study. This assay very effectively identified all five members of the An. funestus group using fluorescently-labeled probes with distinct emission and excitation spectra allowing their independent detection in a single reaction. This method is at least as sensitive and specific as the gold standard AS-PCR approach and because it has no requirement for post-PCR processing is simpler and more rapid to run. The one disadvantage of the TaqMan assay is the cost of this assay, both in terms of initial capital outlay and running cost per sample, which is higher than AS-PCR. However, the cost of both the real-time PCR machine and fluorescently labelled probes required is falling and in the future the c... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3068809 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3068809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3068808&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F283 Conclusions: Given the conflicting results of the effects of zooprophylaxis from previous studies, other community-based preventive measures, such as bed nets, coils and insecticide house-spraying, may be of more benefit. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3068808 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3068808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3068810&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F281 Malaria is endemic in India with an estimated 70-100 million cases each year (1.6-1.8 million reported by NVBDCP); of this 50-55% are Plasmodium vivax and 45-50% Plasmodium falciparum. A recent study on malaria in pregnancy reported from undivided Madhya Pradesh state (includes Chhattisgarh state), that an estimated over 220,000 pregnant women contract malaria infection each year. Malaria in pregnancy caused- abortions 34.5%; stillbirths 9%; and maternal deaths 0.45%. Bulk of this tragic outcome can be averted by following the Roll Back Malaria/WHO recommendations of the use of malaria prevention i.e. indoor residual spraying (IRS)/ insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) preferably long-lasting treated bed nets (LLIN); intermittent preventive therapy (IPT); early diagnosis, prompt and complete... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3068810 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3068810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3058418&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F280 Should the Kalimbe (a traditional Amerindian loincloth) be banned, based on its association with an increased risk of malaria? Studies on malaria conducted on Amerindian children in the Oyapock region, French Guiana suggest that there is an argument for replacing the Kalimbe with a modern alternative. However, the wider issue of how the positive (risk reduction and related benefits) and negative effects (exacerbation of acculturation processes and associated consequences) should be assessed needs to be considered before suggesting a change in ancestral behaviour for medical purposes. A multidisciplinary approach is needed, together with caution and humility from epidemiologists. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3058418 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3058418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054320&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F278 Conclusions: This study confirmed that the relapse pattern in Camopi was compatible with the pattern described for the P. vivax Chesson (tropical) strain. In addition, due to the relapse rate time evolution, a simple arbitrary classification rule could be constructed: before 90 days after the primary attack, the secondary attack is a relapse; after 90 days, it is a re-infection. Adapted management of malaria cases based on these results could be devised (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054320 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3054320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054319&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F279 Conclusion: The use of PG microassays on detergent-free, haemoglobin-depleted samples appears as the best choice both for the detection of Plasmodium in low-density infections and anti-malarial drugs tests. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054319 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3054319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054321&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F277 A 20 year-old healthy female volunteer participated in a clinical Phase I and IIa safety and efficacy trial with candidate malaria vaccine PfLSA-3-rec adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide. Eleven weeks after the third and last immunization she was experimentally infected by bites of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes. When the thick blood smear became positive, at day 11, she was treated with artemether/lumefantrine according to protocol. On day 16 post-infection i.e. two days after completion of treatment, she woke up with retrosternal chest pain. She was diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome and treated accordingly. She recovered quickly and her follow-up was uneventful. Whether the event was related to the study procedures, such as the preceding vaccinations, malaria infection or a... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054321 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3054321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049950&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F276 Conclusions: The proposed definition discriminated well between studies with 'marked seasonality' and those with less seasonality. However, a poor fit was observed in sites with two seasonal peaks. Further work is needed to explore the applicability of this definition on a wide-scale, using routine health information system data where possible, to aid appropriate targeting of interventions (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049950 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049952&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F274 Conclusions: PCR and serology may be used as complementary tools to survey malaria in areas of declining malaria prevalence such as the Gambia and Guinea Bissau. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049952 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3049951&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F275 Background: Angola's malaria case-management policy recommends treatment with artemether-lumefantrine (AL). In 2006, AL implementation began in Huambo Province, which involved training health workers (HWs), supervision, delivering AL to health facilities, and improving malaria testing with microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Implementation was complicated by a policy that was sometimes ambiguous. Methods: Fourteen months after implementation began, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 33 outpatient facilities in Huambo Province to assess their readiness to manage malaria and the quality of malaria case-management for patients of all ages. Consultations were observed, patients were interviewed and re-examined, and HWs were interviewed. Results: Ninety-three HWs and 177 consul... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3049951 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3049951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041535&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F273 DiscussionThe findings show that exposure to CM was associated with a specific impairment of everyday memory. Seizures commonly observed in severe malaria may not have a causal relationship with poor outcome, but rather be associated with profound coma and repeated metabolic insults (multi-hypoglycaemia) that are strongly associated with impaired everyday memory. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041535 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3041535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041536&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F272 Background: Artemisinin combination therapy has become the standard of care for uncomplicated malaria in most of Africa. However, there is limited data on the safety and tolerability of these drugs, especially in young children and patients co-infected with HIV. Methods: A longitudinal, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected children aged 4-22 months in Tororo, Uganda. Participants were randomized to treatment with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) upon diagnosis of their first episode of uncomplicated malaria and received the same regimen for all subsequent episodes. Participants were actively monitored for adverse events for 28 days and then passively for up to 63 days after treatment. Results: A total of 122... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041536 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3041536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037803&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F271 Conclusion: This study confirms the prozone effect as a cause of false-negative HRP-2 RDTs in samples with hyperparasitaemia. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037803 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3032138&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F270 Conclusions: Contrary to what has been observed until 1995, mortality attributable to malaria did not continue to increase dramatically in spite of the growing resistance to chloroquine and its use as first-line treatment until 2003. Malaria morbidity and mortality followed parallel trends and rather fluctuated accordingly to rainfall. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3032138 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3032138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028059&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F268 Conclusions: These finding suggest that the abundance, distribution and malaria transmission of different malaria vectors are driven by different environmental factors. A better understanding of the specific ecological parameters of each malaria mosquito species will help define their current distributions, and how they may currently and prospectively be affected by climate change, interventions and other factors. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028059 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3028059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028058&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F269 The simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is transmitted in the forests of Southeast Asia. Symptomatic zoonotic knowlesi malaria in humans is widespread in the region and is associated with a history of spending time in the jungle. However, there are many settings where knowlesi transmission to humans would be expected but is not found. A recent report on the Ra-glai population of southern central Vietnam is taken as an example to help explain why this may be so. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028058 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3028058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028060&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F267 Conclusions: The thin film method gave results closer to the true parasite count but is not feasible at a parasitaemia below 500 parasites per microlitre. The thick film method was both reproducible and practical for this project. The determination of malarial parasitaemia must be applied by skilled operators using standardized techniques. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028060 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3028060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020540&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F266 The objective of this study was to describe young children's access to malaria treatment in Nouna Health District, Burkina Faso. Methods: In February/March 2006, a survey was conducted in a representative sample of 1,052 households. Results: Overall 149/1052 (14%) households reported the current possession of anti-malarial medicine, which was significantly associated with urban area, literacy of household head, having young children, and high socio-economic status. Out of a total of 802 children under five years, at least one malaria episode was reported for 239 (30%) within the last month. Overall 95% of children received treatment, either modern (72%), traditional (18%) or mixed (5%). Most of the medicines were provided as home treatment by the caregiver and half of children received som... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020540 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020542&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F264 Background: Many countries across sub-Saharan Africa are rapidly increasing insecticide-treated net (ITN) coverage to combat malaria, but systematic data on the use of those ITNs and the factors affecting this use are scarce. Methods: A household survey was conducted during malaria season in 23 communities of Amhara and Oromia Regional States, Ethiopia, stratified by degree of urbanization (rural, peri-urban, or urban), whether or not they received indoor residual spraying (IRS), and whether or not free nets had been distributed. Descriptive statistics as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to describe household net ownership and identify factors associated with use or non-use of nets already in the household. A qualitative component consisting of obs... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020542 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020541&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F265 Conclusions: RDT is cost-effective when compared to other diagnostic strategies for malaria treatment at malaria prevalence of 43.1% and, therefore, a very good strategy for diagnosis of malaria in Nigeria. There is opportunity for cost savings if rapid diagnostic tests are introduced in health facilities in Nigeria for case management of malaria. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020541 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3017870&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F263 Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that this specific mutant MSP119 27+31+34+43, which also abrogates the binding of all known blocking monoclonal antibodies without affecting the processing-inhibitory antibody epitope, might be a better choice for an MSP1-based malaria vaccine. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3017870 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3017870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3017872&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F261 Conclusions: Cells within the brainstem of severe malaria patients showed protein expression of Epo and its receptor components. However, the incidence of endogeneous expression did not reflect protection from vascular or neuronal injury, and/or clinical manifestations, such as coma. These findings do not provide support for Epo as an adjuvant neuroprotective agent in adults with severe malaria. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3017872 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3017872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3017871&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F262 Conclusion: The FK80 test performed satisfactorily in diagnosing P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in a non-endemic setting. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3017871 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3017871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3014058&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F260 Conclusion: The remarkable change in knowledge and practices observed indicates that training of drug vendors, as a means of communication in the community, is feasible and strongly supports their inclusion in control strategies aimed at improving prompt effective treatment of malaria with referral of severe cases. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3014058 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3014058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3005965&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F259 Conclusions: The data provide evidence for limited past gene flow between the Caribbean and the Pacific regions, as estimated by mtDNA sequences and current gene flow patterns among An. albimanus populations as measured by MS loci which may be mainly influenced by semi-permeable natural barriers in each biogeographical region that lead to the genetic differences and effective population sizes detected. The relatively high genetic differentiation in the port city of Buenaventura may be the result of specific ecological conditions, human migration and activities and/or differences in effective population sizes. This knowledge could serve to evaluate and coordinate vector control strategies in these regions of Colombia. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3005965 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3005965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020543&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F258 Conclusion: HIV-1 affects humoral responses to AMA-1, but seems to marginally or not affect humoral responses to other merozoite antigens and VSAs. The latter were important for controlling parasite density and predict treatment outcome. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020543 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3005966&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F258 Conclusion: HIV-1 affects humoral responses to AMA-1, but seems to marginally or not affect humoral responses to other merozoite antigens and VSAs. The latter were important for controlling parasite density and predict treatment outcome. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3005966 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3005966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3001625&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F257 Conclusions: Self-reported data could provide useful quantitative information on drug intake and administration. Under strict methodological conditions this method, easy to implement, can be used to describe patients' behaviours and their use of new anti-malarial treatment. Self-reported data is a major tool for assessing compliance in resource poor countries. Blood and urine drug dosages provide qualitative results that confirm any drug intake. Urine assays for SP could be useful to obtain public health data, for example on chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3001625 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3001625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997390&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F256 Conclusions: With variabilities of vector mosquitoes in host-seeking behaviours and the responses to treated nets, it is anticipated that scale-up applications of INTs might produce varying degrees of success dependent on local entomological and epidemiological contexts. This study highlights that increased ITN coverage led to significant reduction in risk exposure and malaria incidence only when treated nets concurred high killing effects. It is necessary to test efficacy of treated nets on local dominant vector mosquitoes, at least in laboratory, for monitoring and evaluation of ITN programmes. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997390 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2994506&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F255 Conclusions: Novel, robust and affordable cytometric methods should be evaluated in the field as they may assist in utilizing Hz-containing cells as clinically useful parameter. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2994506 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2994506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2990719&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F254 Conclusions: Prevalence of placental malaria was similar in HIV-infected women on TS and HIV-uninfected women on IPT-SP. Nonetheless, while nearly all of the women in this study were prescribed anti-folates, the overall risk of placental malaria and LBW was unacceptably high. The population attributable risk of placental malaria on LBW was substantial, suggesting that future interventions that further diminish the risk of placental malaria may have a considerable impact on the burden of LBW in this population. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2990719 Sat, 14 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2990719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2982870&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F253 Conclusions: Current dosing recommendations provide a resistance selection opportunity in those patients with low drug levels and high parasite burdens (often children or pregnant women). Patients with hyperparasitaemia who receive outpatient treatments provide the greatest risk of selecting de-novo resistant parasites. This emphasizes the importance of ensuring that only quality-assured anti-malarial combinations are used, that treatment doses are optimized on the basis of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessments in the target populations, and that patients with heavy parasite burdens are identified and receive sufficient treatment to prevent recrudescence. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2982870 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2982870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2979121&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F252 Conclusion: It is argued that a massive increase in bed net coverage, particularly in villages in close proximity to rivers, in concert with other control measures, is necessary to bring malaria endemicity down to intermediate or low levels. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2979121 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2979121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2961034&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F251 Conclusions: These data advocate a possible mechanism by which PAM may modulate foetal/neonatal innate immunity. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2961034 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2961034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2945391&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F250 Background: The diversity of genotyping markers of Plasmodium falciparum depends on transmission intensity. It has been reported that the diversity of the merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) is greater in areas of high compared to low endemicity, however, results for msp1 were inconsistent. These previous reports relied on low resolution genotyping techniques. Methods: In the present study, a high-resolution capillary electrophoresis-based technique was applied to genotype samples from areas of different endemicity in Papua New Guinea and Tanzania. For both endemic settings, the diversity of msp1 and msp2 was investigated; the mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the FST values were determined to investigate whether more accurate sizing generates different results.Results and conclusion... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2945391 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2945391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941250&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F249 Background: Considering increasing reports on human infections by Plasmodium knowlesi in Southeast Asian countries, blood samples collected during two large cross-sectional malariometric surveys carried out in a forested area of central Vietnam in 2004 and 2005 were screened for this parasite. Methods: Blood samples collected at the 2004 survey and positive for Plasmodium malariae were randomly selected for PCR analysis detecting P. knowlesi. Blood samples collected in 2005 from the same individuals were screened again for P. knowlesi. Positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. Family members of positive cases participating in both surveys were also screened. Results: Ninety-five samples with P. malariae mono- or mixed infections identified by species-specific PCR were screened for P. ... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941250 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2941250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936520&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F247 Conclusions: The lack of correlation between allelic polymorphisms with a specific transmission pressure suggests that LSA-3 is a structurally constrained molecule. The unusual characteristics of the lsa-3 gene make the molecule an interesting candidate for a subunit vaccine against malaria. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936520 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2936520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936519&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F248 Conclusions: This study shows that CTN and LLINs still protect individuals against a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector from the Mekong region, where insecticide resistance is caused by a metabolic mechanism. In the light of a possible elimination of malaria from the Mekong region these insights in operational consequences of the insecticide resistance on control tools is of upmost importance. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936519 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2936519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2936521&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F246 Background: People seek treatment for malaria from a wide range of providers ranging from itinerant drug sellers to hospitals. However, there are lots of problems with treatment provision. Hence, factors influencing treatment provision in hospitals and non-hospitals require further investigation in order to remedy the situation.ObjectivesTo examine the knowledge, pattern of treatment provision and factors influencing the behaviour of hospitals and non-hospitals in the treatment of malaria, so as to identify loci for interventions to improve treatment of the disease. Methods: A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 225 providers from hospitals and non-hospitals about their malaria treatment practices and factors that influence their provision of malaria treatment... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2936521 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2936521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932619&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F242 Background: A major handicap in developing a malaria vaccine is the difficulty in pinpointing the immune responses that protect against malaria. The protective efficacy of natural or vaccine-induced immune responses against malaria is normally assessed by relating the level of the responses in an individual at the beginning of a follow-up period and the individual's experience of malaria infection or disease during the follow-up. This approach has identified a number of important responses against malaria, but their protective efficacies vary considerably between studies.HypothesisIt is likely that apart from differences in study methodologies, differences in exposure among study subjects within each study and brevity of antibody responses to malaria antigen are important sources of the va... Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932619 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932618&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F243 Conclusions: Kenya, like many other African countries, is still far from achieving the Abuja targets. The government, with support from donors, should invest adequately in mechanisms that promote access to effective treatment. Such approaches should focus on factors influencing multiple dimensions of access and will require the cooperation of all stakeholders working in malaria control. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932618 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932617&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F244 Conclusion: In non-immune fatalities with unclear anamnesis, ICT can be recommended as a sensitive and specific tool for post-mortem malaria diagnosis, which is easier and faster than microscopy, and also applicable when microscopic examination is impossible due to autolysis. PCR is more expensive and time-consuming, but may be used as confirmatory test. In highly endemic areas where asymptomatic parasitaemia is common, confirmation of the diagnosis of malaria as the cause of death has to rely on histopathological findings. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932617 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932616&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F245 Conclusions: The results presented here call for active intervention measures not only in highly endemic regions but also, or in particular, in areas where malaria transmission is low and seasonal. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932616 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932621&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F240 Conclusions: Results offer insight into current trends in malaria management and have implications in healthcare policy, educational campaigns, and the importance of integrating traditional and biomedical approaches. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932621 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932620&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F241 Conclusion: None of the pLDH-based RDTs evaluated was able to detect non-falciparum malaria with high sensitivity, particularly at low parasitaemia. OptiMAL-IT(R) performed best overall and would perform best in an area of high malaria prevalence among screened fever cases. However, heat stability was unacceptable and the number of steps to perform this test is a significant drawback in the field. A reliable, heat-stable, highly sensitive RDT, capable of diagnosing all Plasmodium species has yet to be identified. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932620 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2928897&cid=s_34081_20_f&fid=34081&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malariajournal.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F239 Conclusions: The relative abundance of Folonzo and Kiribina forms of An. funestus likely reflects different larval ecologies that are linked to varying climatic conditions. Further analysis of the bionomics of these vectors is recommended in light of its relevance to vector control. (Source: Malaria Journal) Malaria Journal journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2928897 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2928897