MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Marine Biotechnology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 18:15:15 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657435&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22298294%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robinson N, Sahoo PK, Baranski M, Mahapatra KD, Saha JN, Das S, Mishra Y, Das P, Barman HK, Eknath AE Abstract Expressed genes and polymorphisms were identified in lines of rohu Labeo rohita selected for resistance or susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila, an important bacterial pathogen causing aeromoniasis. All animals were grown in a common environment and RNA from ten individuals from each line pooled for Illumina mRNA-seq. De novo transcriptome assembly produced 137,629 contigs with 40× average coverage. Forty-four percent of the assembled sequences were annotated with gene names and ontology terms. Of these, 3,419 were assigned biological process terms related to "stress response" and 1,939 "immune system". Twenty-six contigs containing 38 single nucleotide polymor... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657435 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657436&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22290406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yabu T, Imamura S, Mizusawa N, Touhata K, Yamashita M Abstract Autophagy is well established as a starvation-induced process in yeast and mammalian cells and tissues. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms induced by starvation in fish, we characterized the induction of autophagy in cultured zebrafish cells under starvation conditions. As an autophagic marker protein, the microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3B protein (MAP1-LC3B) was cloned from the fish cells, and its expression and localization were characterized. In zebrafish embryonic (ZE) cells, posttranslational modifications produced two distinct forms of MAP1-LC3B, i.e., a cytosolic form and a membrane-bound form (types I and II, respectively). Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed fluorescently labeled aut... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657436 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657437&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22286337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cai M, Zhou X, Lu J, Fan W, Zhou J, Niu C, Kang L, Sun X, Zhang Y Abstract An integrated control strategy of pH, shear stress, and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) for fermentation scale-up of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus glaucus HB 1-19 for the production of the anti-cancer compound aspergiolide A was studied. Keeping initial pH of 6.5 and shifting pH from 6.0 to 7.0 intermittently during the production phase greatly facilitated biosynthesis of aspergiolide A in shake flask cultures. Thus, a pH-shift strategy was proposed that shifting pH to 7.0 once it went lower than 6.0 by pulsed feeding NaOH solution during the production phase in bioreactor fermentation of A. glaucus HB 1-19. As a result, aspergiolide A production in a 30-L bioreactor was increased to 37.6 mg... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657437 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637767&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22282220%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides a convenient method for fast and accurate detection of P. minimum in the marine environment. PMID: 22282220 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637767 Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5637767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5596843&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22246556%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hino H, Arimoto K, Yazawa M, Murakami Y, Nakatomi A Abstract Calcineurin is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that plays important roles in the transduction of calcium signals in a variety of tissues. In addition, calcineurin has been implicated in the process of spermatogenesis. A novel calcineurin-binding protein, CaNBP75, has been identified in scallop testis. The C-terminal region of CaNBP75 is homologous to the C-terminal region of RanBP3, a Ran-binding domain-containing protein. A small G protein Ran has been involved in spermiogenesis by virtue of the fact that its localization in spermatids changes during spermiogenesis. The current study was performed to investigate the functions of Ran and CaNBP75 in the regulation of calcineurin in testis to fur... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5596843 Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5596843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546090&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200918%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reviews the available molecular methods and new high-throughput technologies for their practical use in the molecular detection, quantification, and diversity assessment of microalgae. Molecular methods applied to other groups of organisms can be adopted for microalgal studies because they generally detect universal biomolecules, such as nucleic acids or proteins. These methods are primarily related to species detection and discrimination among various microalgae. Among current molecular methods, some molecular tools are highly valuable for small-scale detection [e.g., single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and biosensors], whereas others are more useful for large-scale, high-throughput detection [e.g., terminal restriction length polymor... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546090 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5546091&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193590%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we identified that the sulfated polysaccharide extracts from Ulva lactuca can inhibit JEV infection in Vero cells. Mechanistic studies further revealed that the Ulva sulfated polysaccharide extracts can block virus adsorption and thus make the virus unable to enter cells. The Ulva sulfated polysaccharide extracts also effectively decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the JEV-infected primary mixed glia cells. In an animal study, the JEV-infected C3H/HeN mice appeared to have neurobehavioral abnormalities on the fifth day and died on the seventh day post infection. However, the JEV-infected mice pretreated with the Ulva sulfated polysaccharide extracts can delay the onset of hind limb paralysis and thereby prevent mice from death. PMID: 22193590 [PubMed... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5546091 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5546091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510483&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160372%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have investigated the transcriptome of a marine teleost during the larval stage (from hatching to 60 days after hatching) by the use of 454 pyrosequencing technology. We obtained a total of 68,289 assembled contigs, representing putative transcripts, belonging to 54,606 different clusters. Comparison against all S. aurata expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) from the NCBI database revealed that up to 34,722 contigs, belonging to about 61% of gene clusters, are sequences previously not described. Contigs were annotated through an iterative Blast pipeline by comparison against databases such as NCBI RefSeq from Danio rerio, SwissProt or NCBI teleost ESTs. Our results indicate that we have enriched the number of annotated sequences for this species by more than 50% compared with... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510483 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510487&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rocha LC, Ferreira HV, Luiz RF, Sette LD, Porto AL Abstract Nine strains of marine-derived fungi (Aspergillus sydowii Ce15, A. sydowii Ce19, Aspergillus sclerotiorum CBMAI 849, Bionectria sp. Ce5, Beauveria felina CBMAI 738, Cladosporium cladosporioides CBMAI 857, Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847, Penicillium citrinum CBMAI 1186, and Penicillium miczynskii Gc5) were screened, catalyzing the asymmetric bioreduction of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone 1 to its corresponding 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 2. A. sydowii Ce15 and Bionectria sp. Ce5 produced the enantiopure (R)-alcohol 2 (>99% ee) in accordance with the anti-Prelog rule and, the fungi B. felina CBMAI 738 (>99% ee) and P. citrinum CBMAI 1186 (69% ee) in accordance with the Prelog rule. Stereoselective bioreduction by whole... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510487 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510486&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caicedo NH, Kumirska J, Neumann J, Stolte S, Thöming J Abstract Marine cyanobacteria are noted for their ability to excrete metabolites with biotic properties. This paper focuses on such exometabolites obtained from the culture of the marine filamentous cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. strain, their purification and subsequent analyses. By this means the recoveries of the active compounds, a prerequisite for properly determining their concentration, are quantified here for the first time. We demonstrate a new procedure using Amberlite XAD-1180 resin in combination with the eluent isopropanol for extraction of the culture media and gas chromatography as simplified chemical analysis. This procedure reduced necessary bacteria cultivation time (from 150 to 21 days) at low vol... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510486 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510485&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bédouet L, Marie A, Berland S, Marie B, Auzoux-Bordenave S, Marin F, Milet C Abstract A successful strategy for the identification of shell proteins is based on proteomic analyses where soluble and insoluble fractions isolated from organic shell matrix are digested with trypsin with the aim of generating peptides, which are used to identify novel shell proteins contained in databases. However, using trypsin as a sole degradative agent is limited by the enzyme's cleavage specificity and is dependent upon the occurrence of lysine and arginine in the shell protein sequence. To bypass this limitation, we investigated the ability of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), a low-specificity chemical degradative agent, to generate clusters of analyzable peptides from organic shell matrix, s... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510485 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510484&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wei Z, Liu X, Zhang H Abstract Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and their partner PIWI proteins play an essential role in fertility, germline stem cell development, as well as the basic control and evolution of animal genomes. However, research was rare with regard to piRNA population in sea urchin, a model animal intensively used for development and genetics studies. Utilizing Solexa sequencing, we present an identification of 13,051 piRNA-like RNAs expressed in male gonad of Strongylocentrotus nudus. Out of 202 tested RNAs, 94 sequences were confirmed to express in female gonad using microarray assay, suggesting that both male and female gonads are piRNA-like RNA-enriched organs. These RNAs with "U" at the 5' end or "A" at position of 10, in size from 26 to 30 nucleotides,... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510484 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510482&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22160425%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we isolated a cDNA with high homology to fatty acyl desaturases (Fad). Functional characterisation in recombinant yeast showed that the octopus Fad exhibited Δ5-desaturation activity towards saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acyl substrates. Thus, it efficiently converted the yeast's endogenous 16:0 and 18:0 to 16:1n-11 and 18:1n-13, respectively, and desaturated exogenously added PUFA substrates 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6 to 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 20:4n-6 (ARA), respectively. Although the Δ5 Fad enables common octopus to produce EPA and ARA, the low availability of its adequate substrates 20:4n-3 and 20:3n-6, either in the diet or by limited endogenous synthesis from C(18) PUFA, might indicate that EPA and ARA are indeed EFA for this species. Interestingly, the octopus Δ5 Fad can ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510482 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491733&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22147255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huvet A, Fleury E, Corporeau C, Quillien V, Daniel JY, Riviere G, Boudry P, Fabioux C Abstract We investigated the role of oyster gonadal TGFβ (og-TGFβ) in the reproduction of Crassostrea gigas, using an in vivo RNA interference approach. We designed double-stranded RNA targeting og-TGFβ, which is specifically expressed in the somatic cells surrounding germ cells in the gonad of both male and female oysters. In vivo injection of this og-TGFβ dsRNA into the gonad led to knock-down phenotypes for both sexes, with significant reduction (77.52% relative to controls) of the gonad area, lowered reproductive effort and germ cell under-proliferation. Interestingly, half of the injected females halted their vitellogenesis, since we were only able to observe pre-vitellogenic ooc... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491733 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5491733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491734&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quillet L, Besaury L, Popova M, Paissé S, Deloffre J, Ouddane B Abstract We investigated the diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) in a 3.5-m sediment core taken from a heavy metal-contaminated site in the Medway Estuary, UK. The abundance of SRPs was quantified by qPCR of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene β-subunit (dsrB) and taking into account DNA extraction efficiency. This showed that SRPs were abundant throughout the core with maximum values in the top 50 cm of the sediment core making up 22.4% of the total bacterial community and were 13.6% at 250 cm deep. Gene libraries for dsrA (dissimilatory sulfite reductase α-subunit) were constructed from the heavily contaminated (heavy metals) surface sediment (top 20 cm) and from the less ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491734 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5491734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5454481&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palti Y, Genet C, Gao G, Hu Y, You FM, Boussaha M, Rexroad CE, Luo MC Abstract DNA fingerprints and end sequences from bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) from two new libraries were generated to improve the first generation integrated physical and genetic map of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) genome. The current version of the physical map is composed of 167,989 clones of which 158,670 are assembled into contigs and 9,319 are singletons. The number of contigs was reduced from 4,173 to 3,220. End sequencing of clones from the new libraries generated a total of 11,958 high quality sequence reads. The end sequences were used to develop 238 new microsatellites of which 42 were added to the genetic map. Conserved synteny between the rainbow trout genome and model ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5454481 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5454481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417453&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22080145%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the efficacies and selectivities of TD derivatives were tested by analyzing the structure-activity relationships of various TD derivatives. To investigate structure-activity relationships for growth inhibition of harmful algae, we added a methylene group between the cyclohexyl ring and oxygen of 5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-TD, which decreased the inhibitory potency of compound 17. Interestingly, another addition of a methylene group significantly increased the inhibitory potency against C. polykrikoides. The addition of 1 μM compound 17 resulted in the cell rupture of harmful algae after less than 10 h incubation at 20 °C. Compound 17 was applied to both harmful and non-harmful algae and showed a drastic reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II, resulting in r... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417453 Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417454&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22076622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Lei Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Xiao Y, Peng H Abstract A gene encoding a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme was isolated from a marine metagenomic library and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme, designated AmyP, shows very low similarity to full-length sequences of known α-amylases, although a catalytic domain correlated with the α-amylase superfamily was identified. Based on the range of substrate hydrolysis and the product profile, the protein was clearly defined as a saccharifying-type α-amylase. Sequence comparison indicated that AmyP was related to four putative glycosidases previously identified only in bacterial genome sequences. They were all from marine bacteria and formed a new subfamily of glycoside hydrolase GH13. Moreover, this subfamily was closely relate... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417454 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417456&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22072046%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skriptsova AV, Shevchenko NM, Tarbeeva DV, Zvyagintseva TN Abstract Sterile and reproductive tissues of five brown algae (Sargassum pallidum, Silvetia babingtonii, Fucus evanescens, Saccharina japonica, and Alaria ochotensis) from Russian Far East seas were compared for the content and monosaccharide composition of fucoidans as well as the content of laminarans and alginic acids. It was proved that reproduction has an apparent effect on fucoidan content and its monosaccharide composition. Fucoidan content in fertile tissues was shown to be 1.3-1.5 times as high as in sterile ones. Based on the present and previously reported data, we believe that fucoidan accumulation during the development of reproductive structure is a general trend for brown seaweeds. Reproduction also ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417456 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417455&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22072047%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here the complete cDNA sequence of a nonfibrillar collagen (COLch) isolated from the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis, Nardo 1847 using a PCR approach. COLch cDNA consists of 2,563 nucleotides and includes a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 136 nucleotides, a 3' UTR of 198 nucleotides, and an open reading frame encoding for a protein of 743 amino acids with an estimated M (r) of 72.12 kDa. The phylogenetic analysis on the deduced amino acid sequence of C-terminal end shows that the isolated sequence belongs to the short-chain spongin-like collagen subfamily, a nonfibrillar group of invertebrate collagens similar to type IV collagen. In situ hybridization analysis shows higher expression of COLch mRNA in the cortical part than in the inner part of the sponge. Therefor... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417455 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417458&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22068389%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Numata K, Doi Y Abstract Marine bacteria have recently attracted attention as potentially useful candidates for the production of practical materials from marine ecosystems, including the oceanic carbon dioxide cycle. The advantages of using marine bacteria for the biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), one of the eco-friendly bioplastics, include avoiding contamination with bacteria that lack salt-water resistance, ability to use filtered seawater as a culture medium, and the potential for extracellular production of PHA, all of which would contribute to large-scale industrial production of PHA. A novel marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain KN01, was isolated and characterized in PHA productivity using various carbon sources under aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic marine... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417458 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417457&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22068390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park HS, Jeong WJ, Kim E, Jung Y, Lim JM, Hwang MS, Park EJ, Ha DS, Choi DW Abstract Heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones are key components contributing to survival in the abiotic stress response. Porphyra seriata grows on intertidal rocks exposed to dynamic environmental changes associated with the turning tides, including desiccation and heat stress. Analysis of the ESTs of P. seriata allows us to identify the nine HSP cDNAs, which are predicted to be PsHSP90, three PsHSP70, PsHSP40 and PsHSP20, and three 5'-truncated HSP cDNAs. RT-PCR results show that most of the PsHSP transcripts were detected under normal cell growth conditions as well as heat stress, with the exception of two cDNAs. In particular, PsHSP70b and PsHSP20 transcripts were upregulated by heat st... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417457 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343629&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22016076%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki T, Yamamoto K, Tada H, Uda K Abstract The heterodont clam Calyptogena kaikoi, which inhabits depths exceeding 3,500 m where low ambient temperatures prevail, has an unusual two-domain arginine kinase (AK) with molecular mass of 80 kDa, twice that of typical AKs. The purpose of this work is to investigate the nature of the adaptations of this AK for functioning at low temperatures. Recombinant C. kaikoi AK constructs were expressed, and their two-substrate kinetic constants (k (cat), K (a), and K (ia)) were determined at 10°C and 25°C, respectively. When measured at 25°C, the K (ia) values were tenfold larger than those for corresponding K (a) values, while at 10°C, the K (ia) values decreased remarkab... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343629 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5343629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325097&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22002467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hodges TW, Slattery M, Olson JB Abstract In the ever-expanding search for novel bioactive molecules and enzymes, marine actinomycetes have proven to be a productive source. While open reef sediment and sponge-associated actinomycetes have been extensively examined, their marine cave counterparts remain unevaluated. Anchialine cave systems in the Bahamas offered an ideal setting to evaluate the occurrence and variation within sediment-associated actinomycete communities. While in close geographical proximity to open reef environments, these systems provide a specialized environmental niche devoid of light and direct exposure to nutrient input. In the present study, selective isolation techniques and molecular methods were used to test the hypothesis that variable distributi... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325097 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325098&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21997848%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the response of SQR to sulfide exposure (25, 50, and 150 μM) at mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels in the body wall and hindgut of the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus, a benthic organism living in marine sediments. The results revealed SQR mRNA expression during sulfide exposure in the body wall and hindgut increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner that increased significantly at 12 h and continuously increased with time. At the protein level, SQR expression in the two tissues showed a time-dependent relationship that increased significantly at 12 h in 50 μM sulfide and 6 h in 150 μM, and then continued to increase with time while no significant increase appeared after 25 μM sulfide exposure. SQR enzyme activity in both tissues incr... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325098 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325099&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu JL, Zhang X, Sun HY, Chi ZM Abstract As the β-1, 3-glucanase produced by the marine-derived Williopsis saturnus WC91-2 could inhibit the activity of the killer toxin produced by the same yeast, the WsEXG1 gene encoding exo-β-1, 3-glucanase in W. saturnus WC91-2 was disrupted. The disruptant WC91-2-2 only produced a trace amount of β-1, 3-glucanase but had much higher activity of killer toxin than W. saturnus WC91-2. After the disruption of the WsEXG1 gene, the expression of the gene was significantly decreased from 100% in the cells of W. saturnus WC91-2 to 27% in the cells of the disruptant WC91-2-2 while the expression of the killer toxin gene in W. saturnus WC91-2 and the disruptant WC91-2-2 was almost the same. During 2-l fermentation, the disruptant WC91-2-2 cou... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325099 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294862&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968826%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to construct a microsatellite linkage map of striped bass and to examine conserved synteny between striped bass and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Of 480 microsatellite markers screened for polymorphism, 289 informative markers were identified and used to genotype two half-sib mapping families. Twenty-six linkage groups were assembled, and only two markers remain unlinked. The sex-averaged map spans 1,623.8 cM with an average marker density of 5.78 cM per marker. Among 287 striped bass microsatellite markers assigned to linkage groups, 169 (58.9%) showed homology to sequences on stickleback chromosomes or scaffolds. Comparison between the stickleback genome and the striped bass linkage map revealed conserved synteny between these two ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294862 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259377&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21932055%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo X, Li Q, Wang QZ, Kong LF Abstract The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the most important oysters cultured worldwide. To analyze the oyster genome and dissect growth-related traits, we constructed a sex-averaged linkage map by combining 64 genomic simple sequence repeats, 42 expressed sequence tag-derived SSRs, and 320 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in an F(1) full-sib family. A total of 426 markers were assigned to 11 linkage groups, spanning 558.2 cM with an average interval of 1.3 cM and 94.7% of genome coverage. Segregation distortion was significant for 18.8% of the markers (P < 0.05), and distorted markers tended to occur on some genetic regions or linkage groups. Most growth-related quantitative traits were highly significan... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259377 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5226941&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teerawanichpan P, Qiu X Abstract The marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus constitutes the substantial amount of biomass in the Arctic and Northern seas. It is unique in that this small crustacean accumulates a high level of wax esters as carbon storage which is mainly comprised of 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-11 alcohols (Alc) linked with various kinds of fatty acids, including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The absence of 20:1n-9 Alc and 22:1n-11 Alc in diatoms and dinoflagellates, the primary food sources of copepods, suggests the existence of de novo biosynthesis of fatty alcohols in C. finmarchinus. Here, we report identification of three genes, CfFAR1, CfFAR2, and CfFAR3, coding for fatty acyl-CoA reductases involved in the conversion of various fatty acyl-CoAs to their corresp... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5226941 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5226941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140630&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21842447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Y, Xu P, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun XW PMID: 21842447 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140630 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140628&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21845383%26dopt%3DAbstract This study enhances our understanding of the complex summer mortality syndrome and provides candidates of interest for further functional and genetics studies. PMID: 21845383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140628 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140631&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21842151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rocha LC, Ferreira HV, Luiz RF, Sette LD, Porto AL Abstract Nine strains of marine-derived fungi (Aspergillus sydowii Ce15, A. sydowii Ce19, Aspergillus sclerotiorum CBMAI 849, Bionectria sp. Ce5, Beauveria felina CBMAI 738, Cladosporium cladosporioides CBMAI 857, Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847, Penicillium citrinum CBMAI 1186, and Penicillium miczynskii Gc5) were screened, catalyzing the asymmetric bioreduction of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone 1 to its corresponding 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 2. A. sydowii Ce15, A. sclerotiorum CBMAI 849, and Bionectria sp. Ce5 produced the enantiopure (R)-alcohol 2 (>99% ee) in accordance with the anti-Prelog rule and B. felina CBMAI 738 (>99% ee) in accordance with the Prelog rule. Stereoselective bioreduction by whole cells of marine-de... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140631 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140634&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21826589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park HH, Kam N, Lee EY, Kim HS Abstract A bacterium possessing alginate-degrading activity was isolated from marine brown seaweed soup liquefied by salted and fermented anchovy. The isolated strain was designated as Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 based on the analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region sequences, biochemical characteristics, and cellular fatty acid composition. A novel alginate lyase gene was cloned from genomic DNA library and then expressed in Escherichia coli. When the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the sequences on the databases, interestingly, the cloned gene product was predicted to consist of AlgL (alginate lyase L)-like and heparinase-like protein domain. The MJ-3 alginate lyase gene shared below 27.0% ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140634 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140633&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21833508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drivenes O, Taranger GL, Edvardsen RB Abstract Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a fish species of high importance, as a key species in a range of Northern ecosystems, in fisheries, and as an emerging species in aquaculture. So far, little is known about the transcriptional activity during early developmental stages of Atlantic cod. Hence, we decided to use a cDNA microarray covering 7,000 genes to analyze the temporal activity of the transcriptome during cod embryogenesis. Twelve different embryonic time points were selected, covering major developmental stages and processes such as maternally derived mRNA, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, hatching, and first-feeding larval stage. The microarray analysis revealed a highly dynamic transcriptional profile, showing for the fir... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140633 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046425&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21773777%26dopt%3DAbstract This article summarizes the major developments in the field and identifies future foci for research. PMID: 21773777 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046425 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046426&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21769652%26dopt%3DAbstract This study took use of this character and constructed the forward and reverse suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries. A total of 669 cDNA clones were sequenced and 360 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) greater than 100 bp were generated. Functional annotation associated 95 ESTs with specific functions, and 79 among them were identified from P. fucata at the first time. In the forward SSH cDNA library, it recognized mass amount of nacre protein genes, biomineralization genes dominantly expressed in the mantle pallial, calcium-ion-binding genes, and other biomineralization-related genes important for pearl formation. Real-time PCR showed that all the examined genes were distributed in oyster mantle tissues with a consistence to the SSH design. The detection of their RNA tra... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046426 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046429&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21748342%26dopt%3DAbstract This report represents the largest genomic resource for any copepod species to date. PMID: 21748342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046429 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046430&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21735350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen SL, Ji XS, Shao CW, Li WL, Yang JF, Liang Z, Liao XL, Xu GB, Xu Y, Song WT The half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important cultured marine fish as well as a promising model fish for the study of sex determination mechanisms. In the present study, a protocol for artificial induction of mitogynogenesis by hydrostatic pressure using heterologous sperm was developed in half-smooth tongue sole in order to assess homozygosity of gynogens and to identify WW super-female. The optimal initiation time for pressure shock of mitogynogenetic embryos was determined to be 21.5 min after insemination when water temperature is at 22-23°C, while the optimal pressure and treatment duration were determined to be 70 MPa for 4 min. About 1,500 mitogynogenetic diploid l... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046430 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046428&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21748343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samino S, Michibata H, Ueki T Ascidians are known to accumulate extremely high levels of vanadium in their blood cells (up to 350 mM). The branchial sac and the intestine are thought to be the first tissues to contact the outer environment and absorb vanadium ions. The concentration of vanadium in the branchial sac and the intestine of the most vanadium-rich ascidian Ascidia gemmata were determined to be 32.4 and 11.9 mM, respectively. Using an expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of a cDNA library from the intestine of A. gemmata, we determined 960 ESTs and found 55 clones of metal-related gene orthologs, 6 redox-related orthologs, and 18 membrane transporter orthologs. Among them, two genes, which exhibited significant similarity to the vanadium-binding proteins of other ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046428 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046427&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21748344%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we cloned HIF-α from the oyster and investigated its response to unique stress conditions, including air exposure, for the first time in mollusks. The cDNA of oyster Hif-α is 3,182 bp long, of which 2,094 bp encodes a protein of 698 amino acid residues. Northern and Western blot analysis showed that expression of oyster HIF-α mRNA and protein were induced by air exposure, and that expression was induced periodically during air exposure. In addition, induction of Hif-α mRNA increased by a maximum 8.0-fold by heat shock. Under heat shock at 35°C (lethal temperature for the oyster), however, it was induced later than at 30°C. After recovery from hypoxia and/or heat shock, Hif-α mRNA also upregulated. These data suggest that the oyster has a strategy to induce Hif-α mR... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046427 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4953479&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21647618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balabanova LA, Gafurov YM, Pivkin MV, Terentyeva NA, Likhatskaya GN, Rasskazov VA An extracellular nuclease was purified 165-fold with a specific activity of 41,250 U/mg poly(U) by chromatography with modified chitosan from the culture of marine fungus Penicillium melinii isolated from colonial ascidium collected near Shikotan Island, Sea of Okhotsk, at a depth of 123 m. The purified nuclease is a monomer with the molecular weight of 35 kDa. The enzyme exhibits maximum activity at pH 3.7 for DNA and RNA. The enzyme is stable until 75°C and in the pH range of 2.5-8.0. The enzyme endonucleolytically degrades ssDNA and RNA by 3'-5' mode to produce 5'-oligonucleotides and 5'-mononucleotides; however, it preferentially degrades poly(U). The enzyme can digest dsDNA in the prese... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4953479 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4953479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904109&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21626367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang X, Gan L, Wiens M, Schloßmacher U, Schröder HC, Müller WE Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms or organic matrices produced by them initiate and structure deposition of inorganic polymers/minerals. Deep-sea polymetallic nodules and crusts have recently been recognized as biominerals that are formed around bio-seeds; these deposits are of economic value. A detailed understanding of their formation will contribute to their sustainable exploitation in the future. Polymetallic nodules grow concentrically around discrete nuclei that have recently been described as bio-seeds formed from microorganisms, diatoms, or coccoliths. In the present study, polymetallic nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone have been analyzed. It is described that the approxim... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904109 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4904109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904110&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617897%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhan X, Fan F, You W, Yu J, Ke C Small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, is naturally distributed along the coastal waters of East Asia from Japan to the Philippines. It is an economically important maricultured species in southern China and Taiwan. Genetic linkage maps for small abalone were constructed using a total of 308 simple sequence repeat markers including 297 novel markers. Segregation data on 96 progeny were genotyped using a pseudo-testcross strategy. Sixteen linkage groups were identified in both female and male maps, consistent with the haploid chromosome number. The female linkage map covered 758.3 cM, with an average interval of 5.2 cM. The male linkage map spanned a total genetic distance of 676.2 cM, with an average interval of 4.5 cM. An integrated map was... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904110 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4904110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904111&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21614563%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bergman O, Haber M, Mayzel B, Anderson MA, Shpigel M, Hill RT, Ilan M Marine organisms including sponges (Porifera) contain many structurally diverse bioactive compounds, frequently in a low concentration that hampers their commercial production. Two solutions to this problem are: culturing sponge explants for harvesting the desired compound and cultivation of sponge-associated bacteria. These bacteria (often considered the source of the desired compounds) include the Actinobacteria, from which many novel drugs were developed. In a long-term experiment (lasting 767 days), we evaluated the culture amenability of the sponge Diacarnus erythraenus in a mariculture system, placed at 10- and 20-m depths. The growth and survival rates of sponge fragments were monitored. Wild and mar... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904111 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4904111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904114&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21607543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Souza CP, Almeida BC, Colwell RR, Rivera IN Chitin is the most abundant renewable polymer in the oceans and is an important source of carbon and nitrogen for marine organisms. The process of chitin degradation is a key step in the cycling of nutrients in the oceans and chitinolytic bacteria play a significant role in this process. These bacteria are autochthonous to both marine and freshwater ecosystems and produce chitinases that degrade chitin, an insoluble polysaccharide, to a biologically useful form. In this brief review, a description of the structure of chitin and diversity of chitinolytic bacteria in the oceans is provided, in the context of the significance of chitin degradation for marine life. PMID: 21607543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Bi... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904114 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4904114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904113&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21607544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salgado MC, Metón I, Anemaet IG, González JD, Fernández F, Baanante IV Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plays an important role in amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. The preference of carnivorous fish for protein amino acids instead of carbohydrates as a source of energy lead us to study the transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial ALT (mALT) gene and to characterize the enzyme kinetics and modulation of mALT expression in the kidney of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) under different nutritional and hormonal conditions. 5'-Deletion analysis of mALT promoter in transiently transfected HEK293 cells, site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays allowed us to identify HNF4α as a new factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of mA... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904113 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4904113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904112&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21607545%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we employ a DNA barcoding method to identify 17 known and easily confused muricid species (120 individuals) from the whole China coast based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA sequences, and nuclear ITS-1 and 28S rRNA sequences. The phylogeny of muricid subfamilies is also analysed based on all mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. The universal COI and 16S rRNA primers did not work broadly across the study group, necessitating the redesign of muricid specific COI and 16S rRNA primers in this paper. Our study demonstrates that COI gene is a suitable marker for barcoding muricids, which can distinguish all muricid species studied. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, ITS-1 and 28S rRNA data also provide good support for the species resolution obse... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904112 Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4904112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854065&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21603879%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huan P, Wang H, Liu B The clam Meretrix meretrix (Mollusca: Bivalvia) is an important commercial species in China. The deficiency of genomic and transcriptomic data is becoming the bottleneck of further researches on its complex and unique developmental processes. To improve this situation, in this study, a large-scale RNA sequencing was conducted on M. meretrix on larval stages. In particular, mRNAs of trochophore, D-veliger, pediveliger, and postlarva were purified, reverse transcribed, and sequenced through 454 sequencing technology. A total of 704,671 reads were obtained and assembled into 124,737 unique sequences (35,205 contigs and 89,532 singletons). Further analysis showed that 118,075 (94.66%) of these sequences were low-expression-level transcripts. Fifteen thousand ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854065 Fri, 20 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854066&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21590517%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li H, Liu X, Zhang G For genetic analysis and linkage mapping of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians), a set of 120 novel simple sequence repeat markers were developed from microsatellite-enriched libraries and expressed sequence tags. An inter-subspecies hybrid bay scallop family (CC5) of 46 progeny was analyzed as the reference population to confirm polymorphism and test the segregation patterns of these loci. A total of 104 microsatellite markers were polymorphic in the reference family, among which 36 in female, 28 in male, and 40 in both parents, respectively. Linkage analysis allowed mapping these markers to 15 linkage groups, which is close to the haploid chromosome number of bay scallop (n = 16). Analysis of the 40 markers segregating in both parents showed a higher ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854066 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854067&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21590271%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu F, Zhang X White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major shrimp viral pathogen responsible for large economic losses to shrimp aquaculture all over the world. The RNAi mediated by siRNA contributes a new strategy to control this viral disease. However, the efficient approach to deliver the siRNA into shrimp remains to be addressed. In this investigation, an antiviral vp28-siRNA was encapsulated in β-1,3-D: -glucan, and then the β-1,3-D: -glucan-encapsulated vp28-siRNA particles (GeRPs) were delivered into Marsupenaeus japonicus shrimp. The results showed that the vp28-siRNA in GeRPs could be released in hemocytes of shrimp. It was found that the GeRPs containing the vp28-siRNA inhibited the replication of WSSV in vivo, which presented a better antiviral activity than the n... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854067 Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854069&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21584661%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, three MuRF1 cDNAs, denoted as MuRF1a, MuRF1b, and MuRF1c, and a single MuRF2 were identified and characterized in Atlantic salmon. The MuRF1 sequences are highly conserved and encode predicted proteins of 349, 350, and 353 amino acids, whereas MuRF2 encodes a longer protein of 462 amino acids. The evolutionary relationship of these sequences with other fish and mammalian molecules shows that MuRF1a and 1b may have arisen from a recent salmonid duplication. The mRNA of MuRFs was expressed in multiple tissues, with highest abundance in white muscle tissue followed by the heart. The expression of MuRFs was modulated after both starvation and immune challenge. Starvation increased expression of all MuRF mRNAs in white muscle, with the greatest increase found in MuRF1a. A proinfl... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854069 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854068&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21584662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Osinga R, Schutter M, Griffioen B, Wijffels RH, Verreth JA, Shafir S, Henard S, Taruffi M, Gili C, Lavorano S To protect natural coral reefs, it is of utmost importance to understand how the growth of the main reef-building organisms-the zooxanthellate scleractinian corals-is controlled. Understanding coral growth is also relevant for coral aquaculture, which is a rapidly developing business. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of factors that can influence the growth of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals, with particular emphasis on interactions between these factors. Furthermore, the kinetic principles underlying coral growth are discussed. The reviewed information is put into an economic perspective by making an estimation of the costs of coral aquaculture.... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854068 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854070&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21559871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sarropoulou E, Nousdili D, Kotoulas G, Magoulas A Glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is involved in basic cell catabolic processes and, as it is thought to be continuously expressed, belongs to the group of housekeeping genes. Thus, it is frequently used as an internal control in quantitative gene expression studies. However, the evidence of different expression patterns in a broad range of organisms and tissues, as well as the occurrence of different isoforms, shows that GAPDH has to be reevaluated as an internal control in qPCR studies, and its annotation has to be enriched. GAPDH has been shown to be involved in the pathway of energy and carbon molecule supply as well as in transcription and apoptosis. In the present study, we isolated the two isoforms, GAPDH-1... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854070 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801916&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21547349%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bayer M, Hellio C, Maréchal JP, Frank W, Lin W, Weber H, Proksch P Synthetically prepared congeners of sponge-derived bastadin derivatives such as 5,5'-dibromohemibastadin-1 (DBHB) that suppress the settling of barnacle larvae were identified in this study as strong inhibitors of blue mussel phenoloxidase that is involved in the firm attachment of mussels to a given substrate. The IC(50) value of DBHB as the most active enzyme inhibitor encountered in this study amounts to 0.84 μM. Inhibition of phenoloxidase by DBHB is likely due to complexation of copper(II) ions from the catalytic centre of the enzyme by the α-oxo-oxime moiety of the compound as shown here for the first time by structure activity studies and by X-ray structure determination of a copper(II) complex of DB... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801916 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801918&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21537946%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we developed one of the first proteomic approaches applied to mollusk shell in order to characterise the calcifying matrix proteins. The insoluble organic matrix, purified after demineralisation of the shell powder, was digested with trypsin enzyme, and separated on nano-LC, prior to nanospray quadrupole/time-of-flight analysis. MS/MS spectra were searched against the above 220,000 EST sequences available in the public database for Crassostrea. Using this approach, we were able to identify partial or full-length sequence transcripts that encode eight novel shell matrix proteins. PMID: 21537946 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801918 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801917&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21537947%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that besides a fundamental role of phototrophy vs. heterotrophy in daily energy budget of S. flexibilis, an efficient fraction of irradiance is converted to useable energy. PMID: 21537947 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801917 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801919&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tassanakajon A, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Supungul P Penaeid shrimp aquaculture has been consistently affected worldwide by devastating diseases that cause a severe loss in production. To fight a variety of harmful microbes in the surrounding environment, particularly at high densities (of which intensive farming represents an extreme example), shrimps have evolved and use a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of an important first-line response of the host defense system. Cationic AMPs in penaeid shrimps composed of penaeidins, crustins, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors are comprised of multiple classes or isoforms and possess antibacterial and antifungal activities against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Shrimp AMPs are primarily expressed in... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801919 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801920&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533523%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Merwe M, Franchini P, Roodt-Wilding R The slow growth rate of Haliotis midae impedes the optimal commercial production of this most profitable South African aquaculture species. To date, no comprehensive effort has been made to identify genes associated with growth variation in farmed H. midae. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate growth variation in H. midae and to identify and quantify the expression of selected growth-related genes. Towards this aim, molecular methodologies and cell cultures were combined as a time-efficient and economical way of studying abalone transcriptomics and cell biology. Modern Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis technology and subsequent sequence annotation were used to elucidate differential gene expression between two sibling ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801920 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801922&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21519808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Umemoto Y, Shibata T, Araki T The xylA gene from a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain XY-214, encoding D: -xylose isomerase (XylA) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The xylA gene consisted of 1,320-bp nucleotides encoding a protein of 439 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 49,264. XylA was classified into group II xylose isomerases. The native XylA was estimated to be a homotetramer with a molecular mass of 190 kDa. The purified recombinant XylA exhibited maximal activity at 60°C and pH 7.5. Its apparent K (m) values for D: -xylose and D: -glucose were 7.93 and 187 mM, respectively. Furthermore, we carried out D: -xylulose production from β-1,3-xylan, a major cell wall polysaccharide component of the killer alga Caulerpa taxifolia. The synergist... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801922 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801921&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21519809%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we undertake the molecular characterization of nori-derived AMPD. The nori AMPD protein has a molecular mass of 55 kDa as estimated from both gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The calculated molecular mass from the amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA is 57.1 kDa. The isoelectric point is 5.71. The coding region of AMPD consists of 1,566 bp encoding 522 amino acids and possesses a transmembrane domain and two N-glycosylation sites. The sequence identity of nori AMPD in human and yeast AMPDs was found to be less than 50% and 20% in DNA and amino acid sequences, respectively. Proline in the conserved motif of [SA]-[LIVM]-[NGS]-[STA]-D-D-P was found to be converted to glutamate. These results indicate that nori AMPD is a novel typ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801921 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748324&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21503602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Millán A, Gómez-Tato A, Pardo BG, Fernández C, Bouza C, Vera M, Alvarez-Dios JA, Cabaleiro S, Lamas J, Lemos ML, Martínez P We evaluated the expression profiles of turbot in the spleen, liver, and head kidney across five temporal points of the Aeromonas salmonicida infection process using an 8 × 15 K Agilent oligo-microarray. The microarray included 2,176 different fivefold replicated gene probes designed from a turbot 3' sequenced EST database. We were able to identify 471 differentially expressed (DE) genes (17.3% of the whole microarray), 223 in the spleen, 246 in the liver, and 125 in the head kidney, in at least one of the five temporal points sampled for each organ. Most of these genes could be annotated (83.0%) and functionally categorized using Gene Ontology ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748324 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4748324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748339&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21494881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hwang SD, Fuji K, Takano T, Sakamoto T, Kondo H, Hirono I, Aoki T Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for the recognition of specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and consequently activate signal pathways leading to inflammatory and interferon responses. The region surrounding several TLRs was previously found to be associated with resistance to specific disease. Hence, we determined the location of 11 TLRs in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) using polymorphic microsatellite markers. TLR1 and TLR3 were located on linkage group (LG) 21 and 7, respectively. Membrane TLR5 and soluble TLR5 were mapped to LG22. TLR7 and TLR8 were mapped to LG3. TLR9 was found on LG1 and TLR14 and TLR21 were located on the same linkage group, LG10. TLR22 was found on LG8. ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748339 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4748339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748364&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21487686%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferreira M, Seixas P, Coutinho P, Fábregas J, Otero A The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was cultured using the microalga Isochrysis aff. galbana clone T-ISO as feed. T-ISO was cultured semi-continuously with daily renewal rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the volume of cultures. The increase of renewal rate led to increasing nutrient and light availability in microalgal cultures, which caused differences in the biochemical composition of microalgal biomass. Growth rate, individual dry weight, organic content, and biomass productivity of rotifer cultures increased in response to higher growth rate in T-ISO cultures. Rotifer growth rate showed a strong negative correlation (R (2) = 0.90) with the C/N ratio of microalgal biomass. Rotifer dry weight was also affected by... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748364 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4748364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577300&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21365455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhu H, Dang H, Lu J, Cui Z The aim of this work was to optimize the fermentation parameters in the shake-flask culture of marine bacterium Wangia sp. C52 to increase cold-adapted amylase production using two statistical experimental methods including Plackett-Burman design, which was applied to find the key ingredients for the best medium composition, and response surface methodology, which was used to determine the optimal concentrations of these components. The results showed starch, tryptone, and initial pH had significant effects on the cold-adapted amylase production. A central composite design was then employed to further optimize these three factors. The experimental results indicated that the optimized composition of medium was 6.38 g L(-1) st... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577300 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4577300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522790&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21318259%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of a novel α-CA in the coral Stylophora pistillata. This enzyme shares homologies with the human isoform CA II and is referred to as STPCA-2. STPCA-2 is 35.2 kDa and possesses all key amino acids for catalytic activity. With a ratio between catalytic and Michaelis constants (k(cat)/K(m)) of 8.3.10(7) M(-1) s(-1) is considered as highly active. Owing to its intracellular localisation in the oral endoderm and in the aboral tissue, we propose that STPCA-2 is involved in pH regulation and/or inorganic carbon delivery to symbiont and calcification. PMID: 21318259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522790 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4522790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465009&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21305330%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vynne NG, Månsson M, Nielsen KF, Gram L One hundred one antibacterial Pseudoalteromonas strains that inhibited growth of a Vibrio anguillarum test strain were collected on a global research cruise (Galathea 3), and 51 of the strains repeatedly demonstrated antibacterial activity. Here, we profile secondary metabolites of these strains to determine if particular compounds serve as strain or species markers and to determine if the secondary metabolite profile of one strain represents the bioactivity of the entire species. 16S rRNA gene similarity divided the strains into two primary groups: One group (51 strains) consisted of bacteria which retained antibacterial activity, 48 of which were pigmented, and another group (50 strains) of bacteria which lost antibacterial activity u... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465009 Wed, 09 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465010&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21286772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirata R, Takahashi M, Saga N, Mikami K The establishment of transient gene expression systems in the marine red macroalga Porphyra yezoensis has been useful for the molecular analysis of cellular processes in this species. However, there has been no successful report about the expression of foreign genes in other red macroalgae, which has impeded the broader understanding of the molecular biology of these species. We therefore examined whether the P. yezoensis transient gene expression system was applicable to other red macroalgae. The results indicated that a codon-optimized GUS, designated PyGUS, and plant-adapted sGFP(S65T) were successfully expressed under the control of the P. yezoensis PyAct1 promoter in gametophytic cells of six Porphyra species and also in Bangia fusc... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465010 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465016&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun HH, Mao WJ, Jiao JY, Xu JC, Li HY, Chen Y, Qi XH, Chen YL, Xu J, Zhao CQ, Hou YJ, Yang YP Two extracellular polysaccharides, ENP1 and ENP2, were isolated from the fermentation liquid of the marine fungus Epicoccum nigrum JJY-40 by anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography, and their structures were investigated using chemical and spectroscopic methods including methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that ENP1 was composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose in the molar ratio of 5.0:2.1:1.0, and the main chain of the polysaccharide consisted of (1 → 2)-linked mannose, (1 → 3)-linked mannose, terminal mannose, (1 → 6)-linked glucose, (1 → 4)-linked glucose, and (1 → 4)-linked galactose. ENP2 was... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465016 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465015&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galindo HM, Loher T, Hauser L The discovery of genetic markers linked to physiological traits in wild populations is increasingly desired for ecological and evolutionary studies, as well as to inform management decisions. However, identifying such markers often requires a large investment of both time and money. Serendipitously, in a recent microsatellite survey, we discovered three out of 16 microsatellite loci that were correlated to the female sex in Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). These three loci were screened in 550 Pacific halibut to determine their accuracy at identifying sex. Genetic assignment successfully identified sex in 92% of individuals from sample collections spanning 3,000 km and 9 years. All but two of 287 females had one copy of a characteristi... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465015 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465014&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279407%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang H, Liu S, Zhang C, Tao M, Peng L, You C, Xiao J, Zhou Y, Zhou G, Luo K, Liu Y Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) eggs were activated by UV-irradiated diploid sperm of allotetraploid hybrids derived from red crucian carp (♀) × common carp (♂) and then duplicated by cold shock in 4-6°C water for 10-12 min. Different cold shock initiation times resulted in two types of diploid gynogenetic grass carp: meiotic gynogenetic (meiG) and mitotic gynogenetic (mitG). Over a 5-year period, a total of 17,170 meiG and 1,080 mitG fry were produced and 6,862 meiG and 372 mitG grass carp survived. The gynogenetic fish were confirmed by morphological characteristics, chromosome examination, and microsatellite DNA analysis. The morphological traits of the gynogenetic grass car... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465014 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465013&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279408%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu X, Liu C, Chen L, Sun J, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zheng G, Zhang G, Wang H, Xie L, Zhang R Considering the continuous and substantive secretory ability of the mantle in vitro, we report a new technique to produce shell-matrix proteins by inducing the mantle, after removal from the organism's body, to secrete soluble-matrix proteins into phosphate buffer. By this method, a large amount of matrix proteins could be obtained in 2 h. Experiments involving in vitro calcium carbonate crystallization and organic framework calcium carbonate crystallization indicated that these proteins retain high bioactivity and play key roles in shell biomineralization. Phosphate buffer-soluble proteins secreted by the margin of the mantles (MSPs) were used to reconstruct the stages in the growth of the pr... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465013 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465012&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279409%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, WSSV, the copepod Apocyclops royi and bivalve mollusk M. lusoria were experimentally challenged with WSSV and then assayed for both the presence of the virus and for viral gene expression. Results showed that the WSSV genome could be detected and that the viral loads were increased in a time-dependent manner after challenge both in A. royi and M. lusoria. Reverse transcriptase PCR monitoring of WSSV gene expression showed that WSSV could replicate in A. royi but not in M. lusoria, which suggested that WSSV, while could infect A. royi, was only accumulated in M. lusoria. A bioassay further showed that the WSSV accumulated in M. lusoria could be transmitted to Litopenaeus vannamei and cause severe infection. PMID: 21279409 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marin... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465012 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465011&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21279410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakai R, Abe T, Takeyama H, Naganuma T We pyrosequenced the bulk DNA extracted from microorganisms that passed through 0.2-μm-pore-size filters and trapped by 0.1-μm-pore-size filters in the hydrothermal fluid of the Mariana Trough. Using the 454-FLX sequencer, we generated 202,648 sequences with an average length of 173.8 bases. Functional profiles were assigned by the SEED Annotation Engine. In the metagenome of the 0.2-μm-passable microorganisms, genes related to membrane function, including potassium homeostasis classified as membrane transport, and multidrug-resistance efflux pumps classified as virulence, were dominant. There was a higher proportion of genes pertinent to the subsystem of membrane transport in our metagenomic library than in other oceanic and hydrother... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465011 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465018&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21271271%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we characterize the full-length abalone type IV collagen and we analysed its biological effects on human fibroblast in order to gain insights about this molecule in molluscs and particularly clues about its roles. We screened a cDNA library of Haliotis tuberculata hemocytes. The expression pattern of the transcript is determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. The close identity between α1(IV) C-terminal domain and the vertebrate homologue led us to produce, purify and test in vitro a recombinant protein corresponding to this region using human dermal fibroblasts cell culture. The biological effects were evaluated on proliferation and on differentiation. We found that the 5,334-bp open reading frame transcript encodes a protein of 1,777 ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465018 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465017&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21271272%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we develop a rapid bacterial production system to obtain recombinant og TGF-β protein, and we demonstrate that og TGF-β is processed by furin to a mature form of the protein. This mature form can be detected in vivo in the gonad. Functional inhibition of mature og TGF-β in the gonad was conducted by inactivation of the protein using injection of antibodies. We show that inhibition of og TGF-β function tends to reduce gonadic area. We conclude that mature og TGF-β probably functions as an activator of germ cells development in oyster. PMID: 21271272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465017 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397869&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21258835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saruwatari K, Nagasaka S, Ozaki N, Nagasawa H Morphology and crystallographic orientations of coccoliths, Pleurochrysis carterae, at the various growth stages were investigated using electron back-scattered diffraction analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM) stereo-photogrammetry to understand the developments of two different coccolith units, namely V and R units. SEM observation indicates that the immature coccolith units at the earliest stage were not perfectly fixed on the organic base plates and several units were often lacked. The all units showed platy morphology and often lay parallel to the organic base plate. Their crystal orientations were close to that of the mature R units. With further growth, the platy morphology changes to a trapezoid to anvil-shape for... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397869 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397874&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246232%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhou L, Wang Q, Zhang Y Displaying foreign antigens on the surface of attenuated or avirulent bacteria is an important strategy to develop live multivalent vector vaccines. In our previous work, several efficient surface display systems have been established based on outer membrane anchoring elements, which could successfully display heterologous proteins in attenuated Vibrio anguillarum. In this work, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34 was fused to seven display systems and introduced into attenuated V. anguillarum strain MVAV6203 (AV) to get seven GAPDH-display strains. The strain AV/pN-gapA showed the best display efficacy of GAPDH and was tested as the multivalent vaccine candidate. Further... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397874 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397873&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246233%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the complete V. vulnificus transcriptome was analyzed under cold shock by looking at gene expression changes occurring during the shift from 35°C to 4°C. A DNA microarray-based global transcript profiling of V. vulnificus showed that 165 genes out of 4,488 altered their expression profiles by more than twofold. From 35°C to 10°C, an overall gene repression was observed while changes occurring below 10°C mainly resulted in upregulation. The highest induction observed occurred in two of the five categorized cold-shock genes, cspA and cspB, which showed a complementary expression pattern during cold shock suggesting a homologous role. Other genes showing a significant fold increase included ribosomal genes, protein folding regulators, and membrane genes. Repressions were o... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397873 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397872&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246234%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the cellular localization of these two alkaloids was determined through the quantification of these alkaloids in different cell fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). First, using a differential centrifugation method, the dissociated cells were separated into different groups according to their sizes. The two bioactive alkaloids were mainly found in sponge cells obtained from low-speed centrifugation. Further cell purifications were accomplished by a newly developed multi-step protocol. Four enriched cell fractions (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were obtained and subjected to light and transmission electron microscopy, cytochemical staining, and HPLC quantification. Compared to the low concentrations in other cell fractions, DBH and HD accounted for 10.9% and 6.1%... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397872 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397871&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Natrah FM, Defoirdt T, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P Bacterial disease is one of the most critical problems in commercial aquaculture. Although various methods and treatments have been developed to curb the problem, yet they still have significant drawbacks. A novel and environmental-friendly approach in solving this problem is through the disruption of bacterial communication or quorum sensing (QS). In this communication scheme, bacteria regulate their own gene expression by producing, releasing, and sensing chemical signals from the environment. There seems to be a link between QS and diseases through the regulation of certain phenotypes and the induction of virulence factors responsible for pathogen-host association. Several findings have reported that numerous aquatic organisms s... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397871 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397870&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sonthi M, Toubiana M, Pallavicini A, Venier P, Roch P Knowledge on antifungal biomolecules is limited compared to antibacterial peptides. A strictly antifungal peptide from the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis named mytimycin (MytM) was reported in 1996 as partial NH(2) 33 amino acid sequence. Using back-translations of the previous sequence, MytM-related nucleotide sequences were identified from a normalized Mytilus galloprovincialis expressed sequence tag library. Primers designed from a consensus sequence have been used to obtain a fragment of 560 nucleotides, including the complete coding sequence of 456 nucleotides. Precursor is constituted by a signal peptide of 23 amino acids, followed by MytM of 54 amino acids (6.2-6.3 kDa, 12 cysteines) and C-terminal extension of 75 amin... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397870 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397875&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21243391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sowmya R, Rathinaraj K, Sachindra NM Studies were carried out to utilize in situ proteases of shrimp heads to recover carotenoproteins possessing antioxidant activity. Highest protease activity of the buffer extract was found at pH 8.0 (9.85 ± 0.61 units). The protease activity increased with temperature up to 50°C and reduced thereafter with highest activity being 19.32 ± 2.0 units. Thus, the autolysis of shrimp heads for recovery of carotenoprotein was carried out at pH 8.0 and at 50°C. Waste to buffer ratio had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on recovery of carotenoids in carotenoprotein filtrate with a maximum of 58.5 ± 6.4% recovery with a waste to buffer ratio of 1:2.5 (w:v). The carotenoid recovery increased significantly to 63.4% ± 3.6% a... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397875 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397876&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21240534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Al-Alawi AA, Al-Marhubi IM, Al-Belushi MS, Soussi B Carrageenophyte red seaweed from Oman, Hypnea bryoides, extracted using three different processes: an aqueous, a mild alkaline, and a more vigorous alkaline extraction was investigated. The resulting extract precipitated by alcohol was subject to chemical and rheological measurements. The total carbohydrate [ranged from 36.78 to 41.65 g/100 g], and ash [39.04 to 43.11 g/100 g] were the most abundant components in H. bryoides and contrary to the two, lipid content was found at a minimum [ranging from 2.95 to 3.38 g/100 g]. Alkali treatment with NaOH allowed complete conversion of kappa (κ) carrageenan form as detected by FTIR analysis. Total yield by alkali treatments gave higher yields (33%) compared with aqueous treatme... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397876 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397877&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21229282%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Recht L, Boussiba S PMID: 21229282 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397877 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397880&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chernogor LI, Denikina NN, Belikov SI, Ereskovsky AV The work was aimed at performing long-term cultivation of primmorphs in vitro from freshwater sponge Lubomirskia baikalensis (Pallas 1776), collected from Lake Baikal, obtaining its long-term primmorph culture in both natural (NBW) and artificial (ABW) Baikal water and at identifying the impact of different environmental factors on formation and growth of primmorphs. The first fine aggregates of L. baikalensis are formed in vitro 10-15 min after dissociation of sponge cells. Epithelization of aggregates begins 4 h later after the dissociation. Young primmorphs are formed 1 or 2 days later. The surface of primmorphs is covered with a layer of exopinacocytes. The primmorphs remain viable for more than 10 months at 3-6°C. ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397880 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397879&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21222135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sirisansaneeyakul S, Singhasuwan S, Choorit W, Phoopat N, Garcia JL, Chisti Y The microalgae Chlorella protothecoides UTEX 25, Chlorella sp. TISTR 8991, and Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990 were compared for use in the production of biomass and lipids under photoautotrophic conditions. Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990 was shown to be potentially suitable for lipid production at 30°C in a culture medium that contained only inorganic salts. For Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990 in optimal conditions in a stirred tank photobioreactor, the lipid productivity was 2.3 mg L(-1) h(-1) and after 14 days the biomass contained more than 30% lipids by dry weight. To attain this, the nitrogen was provided as KNO(3) at an initial concentration of 2.05 g L(-1) and chelated ferric iron was added at a concentr... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397879 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397878&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21222136%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 79 strains belonging to 20 genera of the order Actinomycetales and seven strains belonging to two genera of the order Sphingomonadales were cultivated from 18 different Caribbean sponges and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seven of these strains are likely to represent novel species. Crude extracts from selected strains were found to exhibit protease inhibition against cathepsins B and L, rhodesain, and falcipain-2 as well as immunomodulatory activities such as induction of cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results highlight the significance of marine sponge-associated bacteria to produce bioactive secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential in the treatment of infectious diseases and disorders of the immune system. PMID: 21... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397878 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4397881&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21221694%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we developed one of the first proteomic approaches applied to mollusc shell in order to characterise the matrix proteins that are believed to be essential for the formation of the biomineral. The insoluble organic matrix, purified after demineralisation of the shell powder with cold acetic acid (5%), was digested with trypsin enzyme and then separated on nano-LC prior to nanospray/quadrupole time-of-flight analysis. MS/MS spectra were searched against the above 11,000 EST sequences available on the NCBI public database for Venerupis. Using this approach, we were able to identify partial or full-length sequence transcripts that encode for shell matrix proteins. These include three novel shell proteins whose sequences do not present any homologous proteins or already described... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4397881 Sat, 08 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4397881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327884&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rinkevich B Despite several decades of extensive research efforts, there is yet no single permanent cell line available from marine invertebrates as these cells stop dividing in vitro within 24-72 h after their isolation, starting cellular quiescence. This ubiquitous quiescent state should be modified in a way that at least some of the quiescent cells will become pluripotent, so they will have the ability to divide and become immortal. Following the above need, this essay introduces the rationale that the discipline of marine invertebrates' cell culture should gain from applying of two research routes, relevant to mammalian systems but less explored in the marine arena. The first is the use of adult stem cells (ASC) from marine organisms. Many marine invertebrate taxa maintai... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327884 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4327884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327883&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drillet G, Rabarimanantsoa T, Frouël S, Lamson JS, Christensen AM, Kim-Tiam S, Hansen BW We have tested a microbial preparation with probiotic effects (PSI; Sorbial A/S DANISCO) on the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana) development time and reproduction effectiveness in culture. The hypotheses were that PSI increases the productivity and quality of copepods in culture (increased egg production and hatching success, HS). This was carried out because the use of copepods as live prey in aquaculture could increase the number of fish successfully raised through their entire life cycle. However, the availability of copepods is limited by their difficulty to be effectively raised. Our results show that the addition of PSI to the algal food increased the individual size of the adu... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327883 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4327883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327885&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21210171%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tramice A, Andreotti G, Trincone A Relevant examples of polyglycosylating exo-glycosidases were reported among enzymes of marine origin (Aplysia fasciata, Geobacillus, and Pecten maximus). Herein we describe the enzymatic polyglucosylation of a chromane-methanol (2-hydroxymethyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-6-ol) performed by using the α-D: -glucosidase from the sea hare Aplysia fasciata. New di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide derivatives were synthesized and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH test. High enzymatic substrate conversion was assessed by NMR spectroscopy, and the products were easily purified. These findings suggest that the proposed procedure is an effective process both for the molecular diversity of products and for the peculiar stereochemistry of t... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327885 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4327885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327886&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21207092%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we compare the properties of biopolymeric films formulated with agars extracted from H. cornea collected at different seasons (rainy and dry) in the Gulf of Mexico coast and PVOH as synthetic matrix. The films were prepared at different agar contents (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and their optical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties analyzed. The tensile strength of PVOH-agar films increased when agar content was augmented. The formulation with 50% agar from rainy season (RS) had a significant higher tensile strength when compared to those from dry season (DS; p < 0.05). Tensile modulus also displayed an increasing trend and likewise, for 50% and 75% agar blends from RS showed higher values than those from DS (p < 0.05). In contrast, elongation a... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327886 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4327886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327889&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181422%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have cloned the complete reading frame encoding type III PKS (SbPKS) from a brown seaweed, Sargassum binderi, and characterized the activity of its recombinant protein biochemically. The deduced amino acid sequence of SbPKS is 414 residues in length, sharing a higher sequence similarity with bacterial PKSs (38% identity) than with plant PKSs. The Cys-His-Asn catalytic triad of PKS is conserved in SbPKS with differences in some of the residues lining the active and CoA binding sites. The wild-type SbPKS displayed broad starter substrate specificity to aliphatic long-chain acyl-CoAs (C(6)-C(14)) to produce tri- and tetraketide pyrones. Mutations at H(331) and N(364) caused complete loss of its activity, thus suggesting that these two residues are the catalytic residues for ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327889 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4327889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327888&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181423%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Veremeichik GN, Shkryl YN, Bulgakov VP, Shedko SV, Kozhemyako VB, Kovalchuk SN, Krasokhin VB, Zhuravlev YN, Kulchin YN Silicatein genes are involved in spicule formation in demosponges (Demospongiae: Porifera). However, numerous attempts to isolate silicatein genes from glass sponges (Hexactinellida: Porifera) resulted in a limited success. In the present investigation, we performed analysis of potential silicatein/cathepsin transcripts in three different species of glass sponges (Pheronema raphanus, Aulosaccus schulzei, and Bathydorus levis). In total, 472 clones of such transcripts have been analyzed. Most of them represent cathepsin transcripts and only three clones have been found to represent transcripts, which can be related to silicateins. Silicatein transcripts were id... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327888 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4327888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327887&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21181424%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we screened eight terpenes isolated from the organic extract of Sphaerococcus coronopifolius for their antifouling activity in order to find possible new sources of non-toxic or less toxic bioactive antifoulants. The anti-settlement activity (EC(50)) and the degree of toxicity (LC(50)) of S. coronopifolius metabolites was evaluated using larvae of the cirriped crustacean Amphibalanus (Balanus) amphitrite (cyprids and nauplii) as model organism. For five of eight tested metabolites EC(50) was lower than 5 mg/L. The most promising results were observed for bromosphaerol (3), which expressed an EC(50) value of 0.23 mg/L, in combination with low toxicity levels (LC(50) > 100 mg/L). The therapeutic ratio-an index used to estimate whether settlement inhibition is due to ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327887 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4327887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327890&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21153675%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chung CC, Chang J, Gong GC, Hsu SC, Chiang KP, Liao CW Asian dust storms (ADSs) are the major source of dust deposition in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. To gain a better understanding on how ADSs affect the ecology of picophytoplankton in this oligotrophic region, five oceanographic cruises were conducted between March 15 and April 15, 2006 on a segment of the Kuroshio Current near the shelf break of the East China Sea (25.05° N, 123.15° E). During the study period, three ADS events were recorded and increases in nutrient concentrations as well as mixing depths were observed. Most of the ADS events stimulated the growth of Synechococcus, but the abundance of Prochlorococcus either remained unaffected or showed mild declines. A more detailed study was conducted during the ADS ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327890 Tue, 14 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4327890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327891&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21152942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teasdale ME, Donovan KA, Forschner-Dancause SR, Rowley DC Inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing have been proposed as potentially novel therapeutics for the treatment of certain bacterial diseases. We recently reported a marine Halobacillus salinus isolate that secretes secondary metabolites capable of quenching quorum sensing phenotypes in several Gram-negative reporter strains. To investigate how widespread the production of such compounds may be in the marine bacterial environment, 332 Gram-positive isolates from diverse habitats were tested for their ability to interfere with Vibrio harveyi bioluminescence, a cell signaling-regulated phenotype. Rapid assay methods were employed where environmental isolates were propagated alongside the reporter strain. "Actives" were defi... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327891 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4327891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249428&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21127932%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that the Atlantic cod 20K oligonucleotide microarray is a valuable new tool for Atlantic cod functional genomics research. PMID: 21127932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249428 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4249428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4249429&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21120677%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was aimed at assessing the activities of the SB and the FP transposases in fish cell lines from genetically distant species (CHSE-214, RTG-2, BF-2, EPC, and SAF-1). Their transpositional ability was evaluated by the plasmid-based excision assay, the colony formation assay, and the footprint patterns. The results reveal that while both transposases are active in all cell lines, the transposition rates and the precision of the transposition are overall higher with FP than SB. Our results also indicated a key role of cell-specific host factors in transposition, which was associated with the presence of Tc1-like endogenous transposases; this effect was more accentuated in the two salmonid cell lines transfected with SB. This result agrees with previous studies supporting the use of ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4249429 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4249429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4200503&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21088979%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a total of 111 cultivable fungi strains were isolated from two South China Sea sponges Clathrina luteoculcitella and Holoxea sp. using eight different media. Thirty-two independent representatives were selected for analysis of phylogenetic diversity according to ARDRA and morphological characteristics. The culturable fungal communities consisted of at least 17 genera within ten taxonomic orders of two phyla (nine orders of the phylum Ascomycota and one order of the phylum Basidiomycota) including some potential novel marine fungi. Particularly, eight genera of Apiospora, Botryosphaeria, Davidiella, Didymocrea, Lentomitella, Marasmius, Pestalotiopsis, and Rhizomucor were isolated from sponge for the first time. Sponge C. luteoculcitella has greater culturable fungal diversity... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4200503 Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4200503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4200502&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21088980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Y, Xu P, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun XW A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. was constructed as a part of ongoing common carp genome project, which is aiming assembly of common carp genome. The library, containing a total of 92,160 BAC clones with an average insert size of 141 kb, was constructed into the restriction site of Hind III on BAC vector CopyControl pCC1BAC, covering 7.7 X haploid genome equivalents. Three dimension pools and superpools of the BAC library were established and 23 positive clones of 14 targets were identified from one-fifth of the BAC library. Pilot project of BAC end sequencing was conducted on 2,688 BAC ends from 1,344 clones and harvested 2,522 high-quality Q20 sequences with average length of 677 b... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4200502 Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4200502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4088107&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20957402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sung MS, Hsu YT, Ho KL, Lee TM The molecular acclimation of intertidal green macroalga Ulva fasciata Delile to high salinity stress were examined by the construction of a forward cDNA library via the suppressive subtractive hybridization between 30‰ and 90‰ (24 h) and by the time course dynamics of several abundantly expressed genes. Among the genes with known sequences, the expressed sequence tags are abundant in the function of protein synthesis (ribosomal protein) and destination. The cDNAs of ATP-dependent Clp protease (UfClpC), 20S proteasome β-subunit type 1 domain (UfPbf1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 I (UfUbc9), and heat shock protein 90A (UfHsp90A) were cloned. UfClpC transcript increased 3 h after 90‰ treatment, followed by a decrease, while UfPbf1 and U... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4088107 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4088107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061622&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Wormhoudt A, Roussel V, Courtois G, Huchette S Two subspecies of the European abalone have been morphologically recognized: Haliotis tuberculata tuberculata, present in the North Atlantic, and Haliotis tuberculata coccinea, present in the Canary Islands. Among the different nuclear markers used to differentiate these two subspecies, the sperm lysin gene was the most reliable, leading to a 2.2% divergence. Concerning the subunit I of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase gene (COI), we observed a difference of 3.3% between the two subspecies. In the North Atlantic, an introgression of mitochondrial DNA from H. tuberculata coccinea to H. tuberculata tuberculata was evident in around 30% of individuals. Due to this difference, we were able to experimentally detect the transfer... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061622 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061621&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938797%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sibirtsev JT, Shastina VV, Menzorova NI, Makarieva TN, Rasskazov VA Previously, we have purified three distinct DNases from spermatozoa of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius and we suppose the role of Ca(2+), Mg(2+)-dependent DNase (Ca, Mg-DNase) in apoptosis of spermatozoa. Two-headed sphingolipid rhizochalin (Rhz) induced characteristic apoptotic nuclear chromatin changes, internucleosomal DNA cleavage, and activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 in spermatozoa as was shown by fluorescence Hoechst 33342/PI/FDA analysis, DNA fragmentation assay, and fluorescence caspase inhibitors FAM-LEHD-fmk, FAM-IETD-fmk, and FAM-DEVD-fmk, respectively. Inhibitor of caspase-3 z-DEVD-fmk subdued Rhz-induced internucleosomal ladder formation, which confirmed the major role o... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061621 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061625&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20936318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ammayappan A, Kurath G, Thompson TM, Vakharia VN Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus in the family of Rhabdoviridae, causes a highly contagious disease of fresh and saltwater fish worldwide. Recently, a novel genotype of VHSV, designated IVb, has invaded the Great Lakes in North America, causing large-scale epidemics in wild fish. An efficient reverse genetics system was developed to generate a recombinant VHSV of genotype IVb from cloned cDNA. The recombinant VHSV (rVHSV) was comparable to the parental wild-type strain both in vitro and in vivo, causing high mortality in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A modified recombinant VHSV was generated in which the NV gene was substituted with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (r... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061625 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061624&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20936319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhi B, Tang W, Zhang X Epidemic diseases cost large amount of economic loss in the shrimp aquaculture. To control the epidemic diseases, it is a very efficient approach to enhance the shrimp immunity by immunostimulants. In aquaculture, however, the applications of the available immunostimulants are very limited due to the lack of information about the roles of these immunostimulants in animal immunity. In the present study, a caspase protein (PjCaspase), required in shrimp antiviral apoptosis, was used as the target protein to screen for small molecules which would enhance the shrimp immunity. Based on screening using the EGFP-PjCaspase fusion protein in insect cells, four small molecules could enhance the activity of PjCaspase protein. Among them, IL-2 and evodiamine were fu... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061624 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061623&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20936320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Contreras-Porcia L, Dennett G, González A, Vergara E, Medina C, Correa JA, Moenne A In order to identify genes/proteins involved in copper tolerance, the marine alga Ulva compressa was cultivated with 10 μM copper for 3 days. The activities of antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (AP), peroxiredoxin (PRX), thioredoxin (TRX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the level of lipoperoxides were determined in the alga cultivated with and without copper addition. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipoperoxides level increased in response to copper excess, indicating that the alga was under oxidative stress. A cDNA library was prepared using U. compressa cultivated with 10 μM copper for 3 days. A total of 3 × 10(4) clones were isolated and 480 clones were sequenc... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061623 Fri, 08 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061626&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924652%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones BM, Edwards RJ, Skipp PJ, O'Connor CD, Iglesias-Rodriguez MD Emiliania huxleyi is a unicellular marine phytoplankton species known to play a significant role in global biogeochemistry. Through the dual roles of photosynthesis and production of calcium carbonate (calcification), carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to ocean sediments. Almost nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms that control calcification, a process that is tightly regulated within the cell. To initiate proteomic studies on this important and phylogenetically remote organism, we have devised efficient protein extraction protocols and developed a bioinformatics pipeline that allows the statistically robust assignment of proteins from MS/MS data using preexisting EST sequences. The bioinforma... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061626 Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061629&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20922551%26dopt%3DAbstract We present here the isolation of a putative catalytic CK2α subunit and holoenzyme from gills of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis capable of phosphorylating the purified recombinant ribosomal protein rMgP1. For further analysis of M. galloprovincialis protein kinase CK2, the cDNA molecules of CK2α and CK2β subunits were constructed and cloned into expression vectors, and the recombinant proteins were purified after expression in Escherichia coli. The recombinant MgCK2β subunit and MgP1 were phosphorylated by the purified recombinant MgCK2α subunit. The mussel enzyme presented features typical for CK2: affinity for GTP, inhibition by both heparin and ATP competitive inhibitors (TBBt, TBBz), and sensitivity towards NaCl. Predicted amino acid sequence comparison showed that the M. gal... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061629 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061628&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20922552%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results suggest that ENA-A does indeed have some protective capabilities against CCl(4)-induced liver injury through its antioxidant function. PMID: 20922552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061628 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061627&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20922553%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuo YH, Liang TW, Liu KC, Hsu YW, Hsu HC, Wang SL The antioxidant activity of the culture supernatant of Serratia ureilytica TKU013 with squid pen as the sole carbon/nitrogen source was assessed by three methods, and the phenolic contents were assayed. The supernatant with the highest antioxidant activity was further purified by liquid-liquid partition, revealing the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and the highest total phenolic content. Eight fractions were retrieved from silica gel column chromatography of this extract, designated F1-F8. F4 was found to possess the strong antioxidative activity and the highest total phenolic content and also exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against two different tumoural cell lines. A new compound (Ser... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061627 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061631&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20886254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hennebert E, Wattiez R, Flammang P In sea stars, adhesion takes place at the level of a multitude of small appendages, the tube feet. It involves the secretion of an adhesive material which, after tube foot detachment, remains on the substratum as a footprint. It was previously reported that the two main organic components of this material are proteins and carbohydrates. The carbohydrate moiety of the adhesive secretion of Asterias rubens was investigated using a set of 16 lectins which were used on sections through tube feet, on footprints, and on the proteins extracted from these footprints. After gel electrophoresis, these proteins separate into eight protein bands which were named sea star footprint proteins (Sfps). Eleven lectins label the tube foot epidermis at the level... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061631 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061630&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20886255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Y, Xu P, Lu C, Kuang Y, Zhang X, Cao D, Li C, Chang Y, Hou N, Li H, Wang S, Sun X A genetic linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was constructed using Type I and Type II microsatellite markers and a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. The microsatellite markers were isolated from microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries and tested for their segregation in a full-sib mapping panel containing 92 individuals. A total of 161 microsatellite loci were mapped into 54 linkage groups. The total lengths of the female, male and consensus maps were 2,000, 946, and 1,852 cM, with an average marker spacing of approximately 13, 7, and 11 cM, respectively. Muscle fiber-related traits, including muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density, were mapped to the gen... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061630 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026136&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20882331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Recht L, Boussiba S In order to develop a practical approach for fast and non-destructive assay of total fatty acid (TFA) and pigments in the biomass of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. changes in TFA, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were monitored in parallel with the cell suspension absorbance. The experiments were conducted with the cultures grown under normal (complete nutrient f/2 medium at 75 μmol PAR photons/(m(2) s)) or stressful (nitrogen-lacking media at 350 μmol PAR photons/(m(2) s)) conditions. The reliable measurement of the cell suspension absorbance using a spectrophotometer without integrating sphere was achieved by deposition of cells on glass-fiber filters in the chlorophyll content range of 3-... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026136 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026138&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878432%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kinoshita S, Katsumi E, Yamamoto H, Takeuchi K, Watabe S Aspolin is a muscular protein having unique structural characteristics where the most part of its primary structure is occupied by aspartic acid. Aspolin has been found exceptionally in fish muscle, suggesting its specific role in this tissue. However, biological functions of aspolin have remained unknown. In the present study, we cloned full-length cDNAs encoding zebrafish Danio rerio aspolins 1 and 2, revealed their genomic organization, and examined in vivo function using knockdown techniques. Genomic analysis clearly showed that aspolin is a paralog of the histidine-rich calcium binding protein gene, which encodes a calcium binding protein in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Expression analysis showed that the transcript... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026138 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026137&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878433%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Inoue N, Ishibashi R, Ishikawa T, Atsumi T, Aoki H, Komaru A For pearl culture, nucleus and mantle grafts are implanted into the gonad of the host oyster. The epithelial cells of the implanted mantle graft elongate and surround the nucleus, and a pearl sac is formed. Shell matrix proteins secreted by the pearl sac play an important role in pearl formation. We studied the gene expression patterns of six shell matrix proteins (msi60, n16, nacrein, msi31, prismalin-14, and aspein) in the epithelial cells associated with pearl sac formation. There were differences in the expression patterns of the six genes in the epithelial cells, and the relative expression levels for msi60 and aspein differed between the mantle graft and pearl sac (48 days after implantation). Therefore, the... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026137 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998834&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20857311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang J, Zhang S Lipovitellin (Lv), a glycolipoprotein, is a major component of the egg yolk, which is usually regarded as an energy reserve of nutrients essential for growth and development. We have purified Lv from ovulated eggs of the rosy barb Puntius conchonius by two-step chromatography and characterized it by staining with periodic acid/Schiff reagent and Sudan black B, amino acid composition analysis, and peptide mass fingerprinting. The results of ligand and bacterial binding assays, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the phagocytosis test revealed, for the first time, that the purified native form of P. conchonius Lv acts as a pattern recognition molecule with multiple specificities capable of identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998834 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3998834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3871391&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20700752%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe here a method for the micropropagation of coral that creates progeny from tissue explants derived from a single polyp or colonial corals. Coral tissue explants of various sizes (0.5-2.5 mm in diameter) were manually microdissected from the solitary coral Fungia granulosa. Explants could be maintained in an undeveloped state or induced to develop into polyps by manipulating environmental parameters such as light and temperature regimes, as well as substrate type. Fully developed polyps were able to be maintained for a long-term in a closed sea water system. Further, we demonstrate that mature explants are also amenable to this technique with the micropropagation of second-generation explants and their development into mature polyps. We thereby experimentally have established cor... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3871391 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3871391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3871393&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20694826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Go H, Hwang HJ, Nam TJ Seaweed extracts show diverse bioactivities, such as antioxidant and antitumor activity. Capsosiphon fulvescens is a green alga that is abundant along the southwest coast of South Korea. Although it is consumed for its purported health-enhancing properties, particularly as a treatment for stomach disorders and hangovers, the health effects of dietary C. fulvescens remain unclear. We extracted polysaccharides from C. fulvescens (Cf-PS), investigated their effects on the proliferation of rat small intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells, and determined the signaling cascade involved. We cultured IEC-6 cells in the presence of Cf-PS, which stimulated cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and analyzed the Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways, which are related... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3871393 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3871393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3871392&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20694827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guan B, Ma H, Wang Y, Hu Y, Lin Z, Zhu Z, Hu W Aquaculture farming may benefit from genetically engineering fish to tolerate environmental stress. Here, we used the vector pCVCG expressing the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) gene driven by the common carp beta-actin promoter to create stable transgenic zebrafish. The survival rate of the 7-day-old F(2) transgenic fish was significantly greater than that of the sibling controls under 2.5% O(2) (dissolved oxygen (DO), 0.91 mg/l). Meanwhile, we investigated the relative expression levels of several marker genes (hypoxia-inducible factor alpha 1, heat shock cognate 70-kDa protein, erythropoietin, beta and alpha globin genes, lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) of transgenic fish and sib... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3871392 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3871392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3833680&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20686828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hatada Y, Mizuno M, Li Z, Ohta Y A gene of unknown function from the genome of the agar-degrading deep-sea bacterium Microbulbifer thermotolerans JAMB-A94(T) was functionally identified as a iota-carrageenase gene. This gene, designated as cgiA, is located together with two beta-agarase genes, agaA and agaO in a cluster. The cgiA gene product is 569 amino acids and shares 29% identity over 185 amino acids with the iota-carrageenase from Zobellia galactanivorans Dsij DSM 12802. Recombinant, cgiA-encoded iota-carrageenase (55 kDa) was hyper-produced in Bacillus subtilis. The recombinant enzyme shows maximal activity at 50 degrees C, the highest reported optimal temperature for a carrageenase. It cleaved beta-1,4 linkages in iota-carrageenan to produce a high ratio of iota-carrag... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3833680 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3833680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3803463&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20668899%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang P, Liu S, Cong B, Wu G, Liu C, Lin X, Shen J, Huang X The ability of Antarctic ice algae, Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L, to survive and proliferate at low temperature and high salinity implies that they have overcome key barriers inherent in Antarctic environments. A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, designated CiFAD3, was isolated via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods. The full-length of CiFAD3 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1,302 bp with 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 36 bp and 3'-terminal UTR of 507 bp encoding a fatty acid desaturase protein of 434 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene was homologous t... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3803463 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3803463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3803462&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20668900%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides the first list of the HKGs and will provide a useful reference in future gene expression studies in symbiotic dinoflagellates. PMID: 20668900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3803462 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3803462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777271&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20640935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anemaet IG, Bekker M, Hellingwerf KJ High oil prices and global warming that accompany the use of fossil fuels are an incentive to find alternative forms of energy supply. Photosynthetic biofuel production represents one of these since for this, one uses renewable resources. Sunlight is used for the conversion of water and CO(2) into biomass. Two strategies are used in parallel: plant-based production via sugar fermentation into ethanol and biodiesel production through transesterification. Both, however, exacerbate other problems, including regional nutrient balancing and the world's food supply, and suffer from the modest efficiency of photosynthesis. Maximizing the efficiency of natural and engineered photosynthesis is therefore of utmost importance. Algal photosynthesis is ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777271 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777272&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20640472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forján E, Garbayo I, Henriques M, Rocha J, Vega JM, Vílchez C Nannochloropsis, a green microalga, is a source for commercially valuable compounds as extensively described and, in particular, is recognised as a good potential source of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5varpi3), an important polyunsaturated fatty acid for human consumption for prevention of several diseases. Climate change might include variation in the ultraviolet (UV) levels as one of the consequences derived from the anthropogenic activity. This paper shows the response of Nannochloropsis cultures exposed for 7 days to UV-A (320-400 nm) added to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400-700 nm). Growth rates and photosynthetic activity were assessed to determine the impact of UV-A increased levels on the c... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777272 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3759169&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20632197%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ehrlich H, Elkin YN, Artoukov AA, Stonik VA, Safronov PP, Bazhenov VV, Kurek DV, Varlamov VP, Born R, Meissner H, Richter G Unique skeletal formations of marine invertebrates, including representatives of Echinodermata, have the unique potential to serve as templates for bio-inspired materials chemistry, biomimetics, and materials science. The sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis (Agassiz, 1983) is widely distributed in the northwest of the Pacific Ocean from southern Japan to the Aleutian Islands. This animal is the main source of naphtochinone-based substances. These compounds have recently drawn medical attention for their use as cardiological and ophthalmological drugs. Unfortunately, after extraction of the naphtochinones, the residual skeletons and spines of the sand dolla... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3759169 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3759169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3691604&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cengiz S, Cavas L, Yurdakoc K, Pohnert G Many algae contain secondary metabolites with the potential to gain importance as pharmaceutically active secretions. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea and Caulerpa prolifera are very abundant on the Mediterranean coastlines. The methanolic extracts of C. racemosa and C. prolifera were tested for inhibitory effects on soybean lipoxygenase. The extract of C. prolifera showed potent inhibitory effect in a lipoxygenase enzyme activity assay. HPLC comparison revealed that C. racemosa extract contained less caulerpenyne, the major secondary metabolite of both algae. In accordance with these findings, purified caulerpenyne inhibited lipoxygenase with an IC(50) of 5.1 muM. The enzyme kinetic studies indicated that both K (M) and V (max) decre... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3691604 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3691604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3680508&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu Q, Li L, Zhang G Bindin is a major protein for species-specific recognition between sperm and congenetic egg in many free-spawning marine invertebrates. We cloned a novel bindin gene from the oyster Crassostrea angulata by 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length bindin cDNA was 1,049 bp with a 771-bp open reading frame encoding 257 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contained a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids. The length of the bindin genomic DNA was 8,508 bp containing four exons and three introns. Three haplotypes of F-lectin repeat were detected from seven sequences of F-lectin repeat of six male oysters. Both neighbor-joining and minimum-evolution phylogenetic trees show that haplotype an1 was close to Crassostrea gigas while an2 ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3680508 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3680508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3680507&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martins MP, Mouad AM, Boschini L, Regali Seleghim MH, Sette LD, Meleiro Porto AL Whole cells of the marine fungi Aspergillus sydowii Gc12, Penicillium raistrickii Ce16, P. miczynskii Gc5, and Trichoderma sp. Gc1, isolated from marine sponges of the South Atlantic Ocean (Brazil), have been screened for the enzymatic resolution of (+/-)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)oxirane (benzyl glycidyl ether; 1). Whole cells of A. sydowii Gc12 catalyzed the enzymatic hydrolysis of (R,S)-1 to yield (R)-1 with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 24-46% and 3-(benzyloxy)propane-1,2-diol (2) with ee values <10%. In contrast, whole cells of Trichoderma sp. Gc1 afforded (S)-1 with ee values up to 60% and yields up to 39%, together with (R)-2 in 25% yield and an ee of 32%. This is the first published example o... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3680507 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3680507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3659749&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20544249%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assesses the impact of various cultivation methods on the microbial community within the sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile during: (1) in situ cultivation under natural environmental conditions, (2) ex situ cultivation in small flow-through aquaria and (3) ex situ cultivation in large mesocosm systems. Principal components analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles indicated a stable microbial community in sponges cultured in situ (grown in the wild) and in sponges cultured ex situ in small flow-through aquaria over 12 weeks. In contrast, a shift in the microbial community was detected in sponges cultivated ex situ in large mesocosm aquaria for 12 months. This shift included (1) a loss of some stable microbial inhabitants, including members of the Poribacteria, Chl... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3659749 Thu, 10 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3659749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3655256&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20535520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chow S, Suzuki S, Matsunaga T, Lavery S, Jeffs A, Takeyama H The stomach contents of the larvae of marine animals are usually very small in quantity and amorphous, especially in invertebrates, making morphological methods of identification very difficult. Nucleotide sequence analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a likely approach, but the large quantity of larval (host) DNA present may mask subtle signals from the prey genome. We have adopted peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-directed PCR clamping to selectively inhibit amplification of host DNA for this purpose. The Japanese spiny lobster (Panulirus japonicus) and eel (Anguilla japonica) were used as model host and prey organisms, respectively. A lobster-specific PNA oligomer (20 bases) was designed to anneal to the sequ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3655256 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3655256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626356&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20514503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nishiguchi Y, Abe F, Okada M The effects of high hydrostatic pressure on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities from two species of hagfish were examined. LDH from Eptatretus okinoseanus, a deep-sea species, retained 67% of the original activity even at 100 MPa. LDH activity from Eptatretus burgeri, a shallow-sea species, was completely lost at 50 MPa but recovered to the original value at 0.1 MPa. The tetrameric structure of LDH-A(4) from E. okinoseanus did not change at 50 MPa. In contrast, almost all LDH tetramers from E. burgeri dissociated to dimers and monomers at 50 MPa but reverted to tetramers at 0.1 MPa. These results show that the dissociation of tetramers caused the inactivation of E. burgeri LDH. The difference depends on the number 6 and 10 amino acids. The mecha... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626356 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3626356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626354&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20514504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu Y, Fu C, Yin Y, Cheng G, Lei F, Yang X, Li J, Ashforth EJ, Zhang L, Zhu B Preliminary characterization of the microbial phylogeny and metabolic potential of a deep-sea sediment sample from the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, was carried out using a metagenomic library approach. An effective and rapid method of DNA isolation, purification, and library construction was used resulting in approximately 200,000 clones with an average insert size of about 36 kb. End sequencing of 600 individual clones from the fosmid library generated 1,051 sequences with an average sequence length of 619 bp. Phylogenetic ascription indicated that this library was dominated by Bacteria, predominately Proteobacteria, though Planctomycetes were also relatively abundant. Sulfate-reducing and an... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626354 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3626354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3608457&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20505969%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we developed a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for P. martensii. We constructed cDNA libraries from adult tissues and sequenced 7,128 ESTs. Clustering analysis identified 788 contigs (covering 5,769 ESTs) and 1,351 singletons, yielding a total of 2,139 unique genes. Of these unique genes, only 935 had significant (E-value </= 0.005) hits in GenBank, and the remaining 1,204 (56.3%) were novel. Most of the known genes are related to cellular structure, protein binding, and metabolic processes. Putative host-defense genes (86) were identified including C-type lectin, ferritin, polyubiquitin, proteases, protease inhibitors, scavenger receptors, heat shock proteins, and RAS oncogenes. The EST sequences developed in this study provide a valuable resource for future effort... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3608457 Wed, 26 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3608457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3581990&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20480199%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ahn G, Park E, Lee WW, Hyun JW, Lee KW, Shin T, Jeon YJ, Jee Y Activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), a well-known transcription factor, leads to the development, differentiation, and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and the secretion of cytokines by the classical pathway. We have examined here whether an enzymatic extract (ECK) from the brown seaweed, Alariaceae Laminariales Ecklonia cava may contribute to activating lymphocytes through the NF-kappaB pathway for participation in immune responses. In our study, ECK dose-dependently enhanced the proliferation of lymphocytes. ECK significantly increased the phosphorylation of inhibitors of kappaB at 0.25 and 0.5 h of exposure, followed by its gradual decrease. In addition, NF-kappaB p65 was gradually activated, and it... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3581990 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3581990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3564515&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20464437%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rivera-Pérez C, García-Carreño FL, Saborowski R Penaeus vannamei lipase was purified from midgut gland of whiteleg shrimp. Pure lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) was obtained after Superdex 200 gel filtration and Resource Q anionic exchange. The pure lipase, which is a glycosylated molecule, is a monomer having a molecular mass of about 44.8 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The lipase hydrolyses short and long-chain triacylglycerols and naphthol derivates at comparable rates. A specific activity of 1787 U mg(-1) and 475 U mg(-1) was measured with triolein and tributyrin as substrates, respectively, at pH 8.0 and 30 degrees C in the absence of colipase. The lipase showed a K (m, app) of 3.22 mM and k (cat, app)/K (m, app) of 0.303 x 10(3) mM(-1) s(-1) using triolein as sub... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3564515 Wed, 12 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3564515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3564516&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20461431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Snell TW, Shearer TL, Smith HA RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful technique for functional genomics, yet no studies have reported its successful application to zooplankton. Many zooplankton, particularly microscopic metazoans of phylum Rotifera, have unique life history traits for which genetic investigation has been limited. In this paper, we report the development of RNAi methods for rotifers, with the exogenous introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) through the use of a lipofection reagent. Transfection with dsRNA for heat shock protein 90, the membrane-associated progesterone receptor, and mitogen-activated protein kinase significantly increased the proportion of non-reproductive females. Additionally, a fluorescence-based lectin binding assay confirmed the signifi... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3564516 Tue, 11 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3564516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3539000&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20443042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagano N, Matsui S, Kuramura T, Taoka Y, Honda D, Hayashi M Cellulolytic ability was evaluated in 19 strains of thraustochytrids, representing nine genera, using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a substrate. Extracellular cellulolytic enzyme activity was determined in the culture supernatants during cell growth. CMC hydrolysis was observed in 14 out of the 19 strains examined. These belonged to the genera Aplanochytrium, Botryochytrium, Oblongichytrium, Parietichytrium, Schizochytrium, Sicyoidochytrium, Thraustochytrium and Ulkenia. On the other hand, cellulolytic enzyme activity was not detected in any strains belonging to the genus Aurantiochytrium. PMID: 20443042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3539000 Tue, 04 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3539000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3530778&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20437069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pettit RK Microbes from extreme environments do not necessarily require extreme culture conditions. Perhaps the most extreme environments known, deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites, support an incredible array of archaea, bacteria, and fungi, many of which have now been cultured. Microbes cultured from extreme environments have not disappointed in the natural products arena; diverse bioactive secondary metabolites have been isolated from cultured extreme-tolerant microbes, extremophiles, and deep-sea microbes. The contribution of vent microbes to our arsenal of natural products will likely grow, given the culturability of vent microbes; their metabolic, physiologic, and phylogenetic diversity; numerous reports of bioactive natural products from microbes inhabiting high acid, high... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3530778 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3530778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3508071&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20419499%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, full-length SQR cDNA was cloned from the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus, a benthic organism living in marine sediments. The protein consisted of 451 amino acids with a theoretical pI of 8.98 and molecular weight of 50.5 kDa. Subsequently, the SQR mRNA expression in different tissues was assessed by real-time reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction and showed that the highest expression was in midgut, followed by anal sacs and coelomic fluid cells, and then body wall and hindgut. Furthermore, activated SQR was obtained by dilution refolding of recombinant SQR expression in E. coli, and the refolded product showed optimal activity at 37 degrees C and pH 8.5 and K (m) for ubiquinone and sulfide at 15.6 microM and 40.3 microM, respectively. EDTA and GSH had an acti... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3508071 Sat, 24 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3508071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3503052&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20414793%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warr GW PMID: 20414793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3503052 Thu, 22 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3503052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3491261&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20405153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oh SH, Ahn J, Kang DH, Lee HY The effect of ultrasonic extraction on extraction yields, cytotoxicity, and anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima was investigated in this study. Optimal extraction conditions were determined as 60 kHz frequency at 60 degrees C for 30 min with 120 W intensity, which resulted in 19.3% of extraction yields and 19.1% of cytotoxicity on normal human cells. Yields from conventional water and ethanol extraction were 15.8% at 100 degrees C and 8.3% at 80 degrees C, respectively. It was found that the extracts obtained by ultrasonic extraction process selectively inhibited the digestive-related cancer cell lines, such as human stomach cancer cells, having 89% of the highest inhibition ratio and 4.5 of the highest selectivity. In adding 0.5 mg/mL of the ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3491261 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3491261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3491262&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20401624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leu JH, Chen SH, Wang YB, Chen YC, Su SY, Lin CY, Ho JM, Lo CF By economic value, shrimp is currently the most important seafood commodity worldwide, and these animals are often the subject of scientific research in shrimp farming countries. High throughput methods, such as expressed sequence tags (ESTs), were originally developed to study human genomics, but they are now available for studying other important organisms, including shrimp. ESTs are short sequences generated by sequencing randomly selected cDNA clones from a cDNA library. This is currently the most efficient and powerful method for providing transcriptomic data for organisms with an uncharacterized genome. This review will summarize the sixteen major shrimp EST studies that have been conducted to date. In additi... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3491262 Fri, 16 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3491262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3480392&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20396922%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirono I, Fagutao FF, Kondo H, Aoki T Because of the importance of shrimp in world aquaculture, there is much interest in understanding their immune system in order to improve their resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. An effective tool in studying genes involved in the immune response in shrimp is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi, first recognized as an antiviral response against RNA viruses, is a cellular mechanism that is triggered by double-stranded RNAs and results in the degradation of homologous genes. In this review, we describe the current studies of genes in shrimp that employed RNAi technology to elucidate or confirm their functions. We also review the potential of RNAi to elicit antiviral response in shrimp. PMID: 20396922 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3480392 Thu, 15 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3480392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3480391&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20396923%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe the generation of significant genomics resources for Atlantic cod through an integrated genomics/selective breeding approach. These include 158,877 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), a set of annotated putative transcripts and several thousand single nucleotide polymorphism markers that were developed from, and have been shown to be highly variable in, fish enrolled in two selective breeding programs. Our EST collection was generated from various tissues and life cycle stages. In some cases, tissues from which libraries were generated were isolated from fish exposed to stressors, including elevated temperature, or antigen stimulation (bacterial and viral) to enrich for transcripts that are involved in these response pathways. The genomics resources described here support the devel... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3480391 Thu, 15 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3480391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3480390&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20396924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li J, Boroevich KA, Koop BF, Davidson WS Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) has been described as the hoof and mouth disease of salmon farming. ISA is caused by a lethal and highly communicable virus, which can have a major impact on salmon aquaculture, as demonstrated by an outbreak in Chile in 2007. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for ISA resistance has been mapped to three microsatellite markers on linkage group (LG) 8 (Chr 15) on the Atlantic salmon genetic map. We identified bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and three fingerprint contigs from the Atlantic salmon physical map that contains these markers. We made use of the extensive BAC end sequence database to extend these contigs by chromosome walking and identified additional two markers in this region. The BAC ... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3480390 Thu, 15 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3480390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472968&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20393773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aoki T, Wang HC, Unajak S, Santos MD, Kondo H, Hirono I Shrimp aquaculture is one of the major food-producing industries in the world. However, it is being impacted by several problems including diseases, antibiotic use, and environmental factors. The extent of the effects of these problems in the immune system of the shrimp at the molecular level is just beginning to be understood. Here, we review the gene expression profile of shrimp in response to some of these problems using the high-throughput microarray analysis, including white spot syndrome virus, yellow head virus, Vibrio spp., peptidoglycan, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, salinity, and temperature. PMID: 20393773 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472968 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472967&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20393774%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Inoue A, Mashino C, Kodama T, Ojima T Functional recombinant abalone alginate lyase (rHdAly) and beta-1,4-endoglucanase (rHdEG66) were expressed as secreted proteins with baculoviral expression systems. The specific activity of each recombinant enzyme, 2,490 and 18.2 U/mg for rHdAly and rHdEG66, respectively, was comparable to its native form at 30 degrees C. Purified rHdAly and rHdEG66 showed the highest specific activity both at 35 degrees C and optimum pH 8.7 and 5.9, respectively. These properties were also comparable to those of the native enzymes. Protoplast isolation was attempted from Laminaria japonica using both rHdAly and rHdEG66. When L. japonica blades were incubated in artificial seawater containing rHdAly and rHdEG66, very low numbers of protoplasts (<1 x 10(... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472967 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472966&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20393775%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the work is to develop novel, practical methods for improved disease control. This review covers the background and limitations of the current work, baseline studies and studies on humoral responses, on binding between shrimp and viral structural proteins and on intracellular responses. It also includes discussion of several important phenomena (i.e., the quasi immune response, viral co-infections, viral sequences in the shrimp genome and persistent viral infections) for which little or no molecular information is currently available, but is much needed. PMID: 20393775 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology) Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472966 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3472969&cid=s_37318_70_f&fid=37318&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20390314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caldwell GS, Pagett HE Glycobiology, which is the study of the structure and function of carbohydrates and carbohydrate containing molecules, is fundamental to all biological systems. Progress in glycobiology has shed light on a range of complex biological processes associated with, for example, disease and immunology, molecular and cellular communication, and developmental biology. There is an established, if rather modest, tradition of glycobiology research in marine systems that has primarily focused on reproduction, biofouling, and chemical communication. The current status of marine glycobiology research is primarily descriptive with very limited progress on structural elucidation and the subsequent definition of precise functional roles beyond a small number of classical... Marine Biotechnology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3472969 Tue, 13 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3472969