MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Mass Spectrometry Reviews' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 16:56:49 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5530207&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22183732%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 22183732 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5530207 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 23:42:11 +0100 5530207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510488&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez-González P, Epov VN, Pecheyran C, Amouroux D, Donard OF Abstract This work reviews the basis and all the existing publications on the hyphenation of chromatography-based techniques to MC-ICPMS for isotopic studies that were published until the end of 2010. A brief historical retrospective of the measurement of isotope ratios from transient signals by ICPMS with different sample introduction techniques is also included. The most important experimental parameters and data reduction strategies affecting the accurate and precise measurement of compound-specific isotope ratios by either HPLC or GC coupled to MC-ICPMS are discussed. All the applications are reported and critically reviewed in terms of analytical characteristics, performances, optimization, advantages... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510488 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417459&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22065561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Capriotti AL, Caruso G, Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Samperi R, Laganà A Abstract Mold metabolites that can elicit deleterious effects on other organisms are classified as mycotoxins. Human exposure to mycotoxins occurs mostly through the intake of contaminated agricultural products or residues due to carry over or metabolite products in foods of animal origin such as milk and eggs, but can also occur by dermal contact and inhalation. Mycotoxins contained in moldy foods, but also in damp interiors, can cause diseases in humans and animals. Nephropathy, various types of cancer, alimentary toxic aleukia, hepatic diseases, various hemorrhagic syndromes, and immune and neurological disorders are the most common diseases that can be related to mycotoxicosis. The absence or presence ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417459 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5417459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5359755&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22031276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takahashi N PMID: 22031276 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5359755 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 23:40:44 +0100 5359755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5359754&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22031277%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Litherland AE, Zhao XL, Kieser WE Abstract As one in a series of articles on Canadian contributions to mass spectrometry, this review begins with an outline of the history of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), noting roles played by researchers at three Canadian AMS laboratories. After a description of the unique features of AMS, three examples, (14) C, (10) Be, and (129) I are given to illustrate the methods. The capabilities of mass spectrometry have been extended by the addition of atomic isobar selection, molecular isobar attenuation, further ion acceleration, followed by ion detection and ion identification at essentially zero dark current or ion flux. This has been accomplished by exploiting the techniques and accelerators of atomic and nuclear physics. In 1939, th... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5359754 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 23:40:35 +0100 5359754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5359753&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22031278%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kyselova Z Abstract Cataract, the opacification of the eye lens, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide-it accounts for approximately 42% of all cases. The lens fibers have the highest protein content within the body, more than 35% of their wet weight. Given the eye lens pure composition of highly abundant structural proteins crystallins (up to 90%), it seems to be an ideal proteomic entity to study and might be also hypothesized to model the other protein conformational diseases. Crystallins are extremely long-lived, and there is virtually no protein turnover. This provides great opportunities for post-translational modifications (PTM) to occur and to predispose lens to the cataract formation. Despite recent progress in proteomics, the human lens proteome remains lar... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5359753 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 23:40:26 +0100 5359753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5359752&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22031279%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 22031279 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5359752 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 23:40:17 +0100 5359752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343630&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22009795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zufferey A, Fontana P, Reny JL, Nolli S, Sanchez JC Abstract Platelets are small cell fragments, produced by megakaryocytes, in the bone marrow. They play an important role in hemostasis and diverse thrombotic disorders. They are therefore primary targets of antithrombotic therapies. They are implicated in several pathophysiological pathways, such as inflammation or wound repair. In blood circulation, platelets are activated by several pathways including subendothelial matrix and thrombin, triggering the formation of the platelet plug. Studying their proteome is a powerful approach to understand their biology and function. However, particular attention must be paid to different experimental parameters, such as platelet quality and purity. Several technologies are involved ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343630 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5343630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216362&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21898526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yao ZP Abstract Proteins play important roles in living systems and are topics of many fundamental and applied research projects. With the introduction of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for analysis of biomacromolecules in the late 1980s, mass spectrometry has become an important tool for characterization of proteins. Characterization of proteins in raw samples by these mass spectrometric techniques, however, usually requires extensive sample pretreatment. Ambient ionization techniques are new mass spectrometric techniques that allow direct analysis of samples with no or little sample preparation. Can these techniques facilitate or even eliminate sample preparation for mass spectrometric analysis of proteins? Apart from sample prepa... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216362 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5216362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5140640&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21850673%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harvey DJ Abstract This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5140640 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5140640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046666&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21773983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bouchoux G, Salpin JY The present article is the second part of a general overview of the gas-phase protonation thermochemistry of polyfunctional molecules. The first part of the review (Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26:775-835) was devoted to the description of the physico-chemical concepts and of the methods of determination, both experimental and theoretical, of gas-phase basicity. Several clues concerning the structural and energetic aspects of the protonation of isolated species have been emphasized. In the present article, specific examples are examined. The field of investigation is limited to molecules containing a "saturated" basic site, that is, nitrogen or oxygen atoms engaged in simple σ bonds with their neighboring. Aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic poly-amines, aminoa... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046666 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046667&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21769910%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schierbeek H, van den Akker CH, Fay LB, van Goudoever JB The use of stable isotopes combined with mass spectrometry (MS) provides insight into metabolic processes within the body. Herein, an overview on the relevance of stable isotope methodology in pediatric research is presented. Applications for the use of stable isotopes with MS cover carbohydrate, fat, and amino acid metabolism as well as body composition, energy expenditure, and the synthesis of specific peptides and proteins, such as glutathione and albumin. The main focus of these studies is on the interactions between nutrients and the endogenous metabolism within the body and how these factors affect the health of a growing infant. Considering that the early imprinting of metabolic processes hugely impacts metabolism... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046667 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5046668&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21755525%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Han X, Yang K, Gross RW Since our last comprehensive review on multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 24 (2005), 367), many new developments in the field of lipidomics have occurred. These developments include new strategies and refinements for shotgun lipidomic approaches that use direct infusion, including novel fragmentation strategies, identification of multiple new informative dimensions for mass spectrometric interrogation, and the development of new bioinformatic approaches for enhanced identification and quantitation of the individual molecular constituents that comprise each cell's lipidome. Concurrently, advances in liquid chromatography-based platforms and novel strategies for quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/i... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5046668 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5046668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4953517&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21656841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: An HJ, Lebrilla CB Oligosaccharides play important roles in many biological processes. However, the structural elucidation of oligosaccharides remains a major challenge due to the complexities of their structures. Mass spectrometry provides a powerful method for determining oligosaccharide composition. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) provides structural information with high sensitivity. Oligosaccharide structures differ from other polymers such as peptides because of the large number of linkage combinations and branching. This complexity makes the analysis of oligosaccharide unique from that of peptides. This tutorial addresses the issue of spectral interpretation of tandem MS under conditions of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD)... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4953517 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:30:21 +0100 4953517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4953516&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21656842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murphy RC, Axelsen PH Electrospray and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization generate abundant molecular ion species from all known lipids that have long chain fatty acyl groups esterified or amidated to many different polar headgroup features. Molecular ion species include both positive ions from proton addition [M+H](+) and negative ions from proton abstraction [M-H](-) as well as positive ions from alkali metal attachment and negative ions from acetate or chloride attachment. Collisional activation of both MALDI and ESI behave very similarly in that generated molecular species yield product ions that reveal many structural features of the fatty acyl lipids that can be detected in tandem mass spectrometric experiments. For many lipid species, collision induced dissocia... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4953516 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:30:14 +0100 4953516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4953515&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21656843%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 21656843 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4953515 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:30:09 +0100 4953515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854152&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21590704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Valkenborg D, Mertens I, Lemière F, Witters E, Burzykowski T PMID: 21590704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854152 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854153&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21560141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wuhrer M, Deelder AM, van der Burgt YE Mass spectrometric rearrangement reactions have been reported for a large variety of compounds such as peptides, lipids, and carbohydrates. In the case of carbohydrates this phenomenon has been described as internal residue loss. Resulting fragment ions may be misinterpreted as fragments arising from conventional glycosidic bond cleavages, which may result in incorrect structural assignment. Therefore, awareness of the occurrence of glycan rearrangements is important for avoiding misinterpretation of tandem mass spectra. In this review mass spectrometric rearrangements of both derivatized and underivatized (native) oligosaccharide structures are discussed. Similar phenomena have been reported for glycopeptides, labeled glycan structures a... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854153 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854155&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21557289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu F, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ong CN The integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with derivatization is a relatively new and unique strategy that could add value and could enhance the capabilities of LC-MS-based technologies. The derivatization process could be carried out in various analytical steps, for example, sampling, storage, sample preparation, HPLC separation, and MS detection. This review presents an overview of derivatization-based LC-MS strategy over the past 10 years and covers both the general principles and applications in the fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, biomarker and metabolomic research, environmental analysis, and food-safety evaluation. The underlying mechanisms and theories for derivative reagent selection are sum... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854155 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854154&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21557290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ho YP, Reddy PM Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important technique to identify microbial biomarkers. The rapid and accurate MS identification of microorganisms without any extensive pretreatment of samples is now possible. This review summarizes MS methods that are currently utilized in microbial analyses. Affinity methods are effective to clean, enrich, and investigate microorganisms from complex matrices. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles might concentrate traces of target microorganisms from sample solutions. Therefore, nanoparticle-based techniques have a favorable detection limit. MS coupled with various chromatographic techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, reduces the complexity of microbial biomarkers and yields reliable resu... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854154 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4854154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4801958&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21544848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moon PG, You S, Lee JE, Hwang D, Baek MC A number of highly abundant proteins in urine have been identified through proteomics approaches, and some have been considered as disease-biomarker candidates. These molecules might be clinically useful in diagnosis of various diseases. However, none has proven to be specifically indicative of perturbations of cellular processes in cells associated with urogenital diseases. Exosomes could be released into urine which flows through the kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra, with a process of filtration and reabsorption. Urinary exosomes have been recently suggested as alternative materials that offer new opportunities to identify useful biomarkers, because these exosomes secreted from epithelial cells lining the urinary track might reflec... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4801958 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4801958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748391&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grasso G Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) varies in size from 39 to 43 amino acids and arises from sequential β- and γ-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Whereas the non-pathological role for Aβ is yet to be established, there is no disputing that Aβ is now widely regarded as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The so named "amyloid cascade hypothesis" states that disease progression is the result of an increased Aβ burden in affected areas of the brain. To elucidate the Aβ role in AD, many analytical approaches have been proposed as suitable tools to investigate not only the total Aβ load but also many other issues that are considered crucial for AD, such as: (i) the aggregation state in which Aβ is present; (ii) its interaction with ot... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748391 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 05:02:01 +0100 4748391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748382&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500242%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giron P, Dayon L, Sanchez JC Amino acid-tagging strategies are widespread in proteomics. Because of the central role of mass spectrometry (MS) as a detection technique in protein sciences, the term "mass tagging" was coined to describe the attachment of a label, which serves MS analysis and/or adds analytical value to the measurements. These so-called mass tags can be used for separation, enrichment, detection, and quantitation of peptides and proteins. In this context, cysteine is a frequent target for modifications because the thiol function can react specifically by nucleophilic substitution or addition. Furthermore, cysteines present natural modifications of biological importance and a low occurrence in the proteome that justify the development of strategies to specificall... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748382 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 05:00:56 +0100 4748382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748372&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500243%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: García-Cañas V, Simó C, León C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A The development of genetically modified crops has had a great impact on the agriculture and food industries. However, the development of any genetically modified organism (GMO) requires the application of analytical procedures to confirm the equivalence of the GMO compared to its isogenic non-transgenic counterpart. Moreover, the use of GMOs in foods and agriculture faces numerous criticisms from consumers and ecological organizations that have led some countries to regulate their production, growth, and commercialization. These regulations have brought about the need of new and more powerful analytical methods to face the complexity of this topic. In this regard, MS-based technologies are increasingly used for GMOs a... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748372 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 04:59:51 +0100 4748372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748368&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500244%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sedo O, Sedláček I, Zdráhal Z Direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) bacterial cell or lysate analysis appears to meet all the criteria required for a rapid and reliable analytical microorganism identification and taxonomical classification tool. Few-minute analytical procedure providing information extending up to sub-species level underlines the potential of the MALDI-MS profiling in comparison with other methods employed in the field. However, the quality of MALDI-MS profiles and consequently the performance of the method are influenced by numerous factors, which involve particular steps of the sample preparation procedure. This review is aimed at advances in development and optimization of the MALDI-MS profiling methodology. Appr... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748368 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 04:58:58 +0100 4748368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748335&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gillespie TA, Winger BE Developing a pharmaceutical product has become increasingly difficult and expensive. With an emphasis on developing project knowledge at an earlier stage in development, the use of information-rich technologies (particularly MS) has continued to expand throughout product development. Continued improvements in LC/MS technology have widened the scope of utilizing MS methods for performing both qualitative and quantitative applications within product development. This review describes a multi-tiered MS strategy designed to enhance and accelerate the identification and profiling of both process- and degradation-related impurities in either the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or formulated product. Such impurities can be formed either during chemical ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748335 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 04:41:00 +0100 4748335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748329&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500246%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trufelli H, Palma P, Famiglini G, Cappiello A Matrix-dependent signal suppression or enhancement represents a major drawback in quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC-API-MS). Because matrix effects (ME) might exert a detrimental impact on important method parameters (limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision), they have to be tested and evaluated during validation procedure. This review gives a detailed description on when these phenomena might be expected, and how they can be evaluated. The major sources of ME are discussed and illustrated with examples from bioanalytical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis. Because there is no universal solution for... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748329 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 03:14:09 +0100 4748329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4748291&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 21500247 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4748291 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 01:21:57 +0100 4748291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4696146&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21462232%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hommerson P, Khan AM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW A major step forward in the development and application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) was its coupling to ESI-MS, first reported in 1987. More than two decades later, ESI has remained the principal ionization technique in CE-MS, but a number of other ionization techniques have also been implemented. In this review the state-of-the-art in the employment of soft ionization techniques for CE-MS is presented. First the fundamentals and general challenges of hyphenating conventional CE and microchip electrophoresis with MS are outlined. After elaborating on the characteristics and role of ESI, emphasis is put on alternative ionization techniques including sonic spray ionization (SSI), thermospray ionization (TSI), atmospheric pressure... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4696146 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4696146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637632&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21425183%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mohamed R, Guy PA During recent years, a rising interest from consumers and various governmental organizations towards the quality of food has continuously been observed. Human intervention across the different stages of the food supply chain can lead to the presence of several types of chemical contaminants in food-based products. On a normal daily consumption basis, some of these chemicals are not harmful; however, for those that present a risk to consumers, legislation rules were established to specify tolerance levels or in some cases the total forbiddance of these specific contaminants. Hence, the use of appropriate analytical tools is recommended to properly identify chemical contaminants. In that context, mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques coupled or not to chromat... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637632 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4637637&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21400561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang T, Bowie JH A number of linear cumulenes and heterocumulenes have been made by charge stripping of anions of known bond connectivity in the source of a mass spectrometer. Some of these reactive molecules have been identified in interstellar molecular clouds. The structures of these neutrals may be investigated by reionization to a decomposing positive ion [the neutralization-reionization technique ((-) NR(+) )], and/or by ab initio calculations. Energized linear cumulenes and heterocumulenes may undergo cyclization to form stable cyclic isomers. To cite a selection of the examples described in this review: (i) four-atom systems CCCC and some heterocumulenes CCCX (X = B, N, Al, Si, P) involve the formation of stable four-membered ring rhombic (also called kite and fan)... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4637637 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4637637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577449&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21387356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cappiello A, Famiglini G, Palma P, Pierini E, Termopoli V, Trufelli H This review article will give an up-to-date and exhaustive overview on the efficient use of electron ionization (EI) to couple liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with an innovative interface called Direct-EI. EI is based on the gas-phase ionization of the analytes, and it is suitable for many applications in a wide range of LC-amenable compounds. In addition, thanks to its operating principles, it prevents unwelcome matrix effects (ME). In fact, although atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methodologies have boosted the use of LC-MS, the related analytical methods are sometime affected by inaccurate quantitative results, due to unavoidable and unpredictable ME. In addition, API's soft ioni... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577449 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4577449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577455&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21384411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Theodoridis G, Gika HG, Wilson ID Metabonomics and metabolomics represent one of the three major platforms in systems biology. To perform metabolomics it is necessary to generate comprehensive "global" metabolite profiles from complex samples, for example, biological fluids or tissue extracts. Analytical technologies based on mass spectrometry (MS), and in particular on liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS), have become a major tool providing a significant source of global metabolite profiling data. In the present review we describe and compare the utility of the different analytical strategies and technologies used for MS-based metabolomics with a particular focus on LC-MS. Both the advantages offered by the technology and also the challenges and limitations that need to be addres... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577455 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4577455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577462&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21374694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Herrero M, Simó C, García-Cañas V, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A Modern research in food science and nutrition is moving from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies in which MS-based techniques play a crucial role. In this context, Foodomics has been recently defined as a new discipline that studies food and nutrition domains through the application of advanced omics technologies in which MS techniques are considered indispensable. Applications of Foodomics include the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and/or metabolomic study of foods for compound profiling, authenticity, and/or biomarker-detection related to food quality or safety; the development of new transgenic foods, food contaminants, and whole toxicity studies; new investigations on food bioactivity,... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577462 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4577462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522891&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21337597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Regert M Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential tool in the field of biomolecular archeology to characterize amorphous organic residues preserved in ancient ceramic vessels. Animal fats of various nature and origin, namely subcutaneous fats of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and also of dairy products, are those most commonly identified in organic residues in archeological pottery. Fats and oils of marine origin have also been revealed. Since the first applications of MS coupled with gas chromatography (GC) in archeology at the end of 1980s, several developments have occurred, including isotopic determinations by GC coupled to isotope ratio MS and identification of triacylglycerols (TAGs) structure by soft ionization techniques (ESI and APCI). The combination of these meth... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522891 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 16:45:19 +0100 4522891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522890&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21337598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weitzel KM Currently available concepts for measuring the bond-dissociation energy of cations D(o) are reviewed. Starting from the traditional approach of directly measuring the threshold energy for the appearance of fragment ions, attention is directed towards indirect measurements, where threshold energies are obtained by extrapolation of, for example, rate constants k(E) or kinetic energy release (KER) data to the threshold of interest. More recent high precision techniques again utilize direct measurements, for example, of the disappearance energy of the parent ion. Most precise data are obtained from quantum state resolved measurements of the dissociation energy, where the threshold energy is bracketed by the existing quantum states above and below the threshold. Ultimate... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522890 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 16:45:15 +0100 4522890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522889&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21337599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pflieger D, Gonnet F, de la Fuente van Bentem S, Hirt H, de la Fuente A Proteomes are intricate. Typically, thousands of proteins interact through physical association and post-translational modifications (PTMs) to give rise to the emergent functions of cells. Understanding these functions requires one to study proteomes as "systems" rather than collections of individual protein molecules. The abstraction of the interacting proteome to "protein networks" has recently gained much attention, as networks are effective representations, that lose specific molecular details, but provide the ability to see the proteome as a whole. Mostly two aspects of the proteome have been represented by network models: proteome-wide physical protein-protein-binding interactions organized into Prot... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522889 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 16:45:12 +0100 4522889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522888&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21337600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 21337600 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522888 Sat, 26 Feb 2011 16:45:08 +0100 4522888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522894&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21328599%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, future improvements in high-throughput capabilities, detection sensitivity, and resolution of mass spectrometry will attract more scientists to identify and/or quantify novel molecular dosimeters or profiles of these biomarkers in toxicological and/or epidemiological studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. PMID: 21328599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522894 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4522894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522893&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21328600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Niwa T Mass spectrometry (MS) has been successfully applied for the identification and quantification of uremic toxins and uremia-associated modified proteins. This review focuses on the recent progress in the MS analysis of uremic toxins. Uremic toxins include low-molecular weight solutes, protein-bound low-molecular weight solutes, and middle molecules (peptides and proteins). Based on MS analysis of these uremic toxins, the pathogenesis of the uremic symptoms will be elucidated to prevent and manage the symptoms. Notably, protein-bound uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid have emerged as important targets of therapeutic removal. Hemodialysis even with a high-flux membrane cannot efficiently remove the... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522893 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4522893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4522892&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21328601%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakayama H, Takahashi N, Isobe T Mass spectrometry (MS) allows the sensitive and direct characterization of biological macromolecules and therefore has the potential to complement the more conventional genetic and biochemical methods used for RNA characterization. Although MS has been used much less frequently for RNA research than it has been for protein research, recent technical improvements in both instrumentation and software make MS a powerful tool for RNA analysis because it can now be used to sequence, quantify, and chemically analyze RNAs. Mass spectrometry is particularly well suited for the characterization of RNAs associated with ribonucleoprotein complexes. This review focuses on the software and databases that can be used for MS-based RNA studies. Software for th... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4522892 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4522892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465024&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21294149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mäkinen M, Nousiainen M, Sillanpää M In recent years, explosive materials have been widely employed for various military applications and civilian conflicts; their use for hostile purposes has increased considerably. The detection of different kind of explosive agents has become crucially important for protection of human lives, infrastructures, and properties. Moreover, both the environmental aspects such as the risk of soil and water contamination and health risks related to the release of explosive particles need to be taken into account. For these reasons, there is a growing need to develop analyzing methods which are faster and more sensitive for detecting explosives. The detection techniques of the explosive materials should ideally serve fast real-time analysis in hi... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465024 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465023&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21294150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palumbo AM, Smith SA, Kalcic CL, Dantus M, Stemmer PM, Reid GE Protein phosphorylation is involved in nearly all essential biochemical pathways and the deregulation of phosphorylation events has been associated with the onset of numerous diseases. A multitude of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and multistage MS/MS (i.e., MS(n) ) strategies have been developed in recent years and have been applied toward comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis, based on the interrogation of proteolytically derived phosphopeptides. However, the utility of each of these MS/MS and MS(n) approaches for phosphopeptide identification and characterization, including phosphorylation site localization, is critically dependant on the properties of the precursor ion (e.g., polarity and charge state), the... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465023 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465022&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21294151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Niessen WM The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, suc... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465022 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4465025&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21284017%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the development of and applications for high irradiance laser ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LI-O-TOFMS). LI-O-TOFMS has solved the bottleneck problems in traditional high irradiance laser ionization mass spectrometry, which allows the instrument to acquire explicit spectra with high resolution. A buffer-gas-assisted ion source effectively reduces the kinetic energy of the ions and suppresses the multiply charged ion interference. The pulse train data acquisition technique was applied to reduce the spectrum interference from multiply charged ions and polyatomic ions according to the temporal profiles of different ion packets in the repelling region. Relatively high laser irradiance (≥10(10)  W/cm(2) ) is preferable for achieving uniform rel... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4465025 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4465025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4398178&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21254192%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Urban PL, Amantonico A, Zenobi R We review the literature that describes how (matrix-assisted) laser desorption/ionization (MA)LDI target plates can be used not only as sample supports, but beyond that: as functional parts of analytical protocols that incorporate detection by MALDI-MS or matrix-free LDI-MS. Numerous steps of analytical procedures can be performed directly on the (MA)LDI target plates prior to the ionization of analytes in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. These include homogenization, preconcentration, amplification, purification, extraction, digestion, derivatization, synthesis, separation, detection with complementary techniques, data storage, or other steps. Therefore, we consider it helpful to define the "lab-on-a-plate" as a format for carrying out e... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4398178 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4398178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4398179&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21246594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terrier P, Desmazières B, Tortajada J, Buchmann W Modern mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers involves soft ionization techniques. Whereas matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray (ESI) are employed routinely, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and more recently atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) are used to a lesser extent. However, these latter ionization methods coupled to liquid-phase separation techniques create new opportunities for the characterization of polymers, especially for low molecular weight compounds or for the polymers that are poorly ionizable by the usual methods. After a part devoted to the description of classical MS methods employed for polymer analysis (MALDI, ESI, and their use with chromatography),... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4398179 Tue, 18 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4398179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273655&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21166007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tyther R, McDonagh B, Sheehan D Kidneys are the mammalian organs with widest range of oxidative status ranging from the well-perfused cortex to the relatively anoxic medulla. This organ is of key interest from the perspective of hypertension, an important contributor to human mortality, and there has been growing use of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a model to explore oxidative stress in hypertensive kidney. Nitrosative stress is often associated with oxidative stress and, like oxidative stress, can lead to covalent modification of protein side-chains. It is especially relevant to kidney because of high levels of both nitrite/nitrate and nitric oxide synthase in medulla. Because of their relatively low abundance and their well-known role in signal transduction, n... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273655 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 04:07:18 +0100 4273655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273654&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21166008%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 21166008 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273654 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 04:06:57 +0100 4273654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273653&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21166009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schug KA, Serrano C, Fryčák P PMID: 21166009 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273653 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 04:06:24 +0100 4273653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216531&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: An HJ, Lebrilla CB Oligosaccharides play important roles in many biological processes. However, the structural elucidation of oligosaccharides remains a major challenge due to the complexities of their structures. Mass spectrometry provides a powerful method for determining oligosaccharide composition. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) provides structural information with high sensitivity. Oligosaccharide structures differ from other polymers such as peptides because of the large number of linkage combinations and branching. This complexity makes the analysis of oligosaccharide unique from that of peptides. This tutorial addresses the issue of spectral interpretation of tandem MS under conditions of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD)... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216531 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216530&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104913%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grasso G Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) varies in size from 39 to 43 amino acids and arises from sequential β- and γ-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Whereas the non-pathological role for Aβ is yet to be established, there is no disputing that Aβ is now widely regarded as central to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The so named "amyloid cascade hypothesis" states that disease progression is the result of an increased Aβ burden in affected areas of the brain. To elucidate the Aβ role in AD, many analytical approaches have been proposed as suitable tools to investigate not only the total Aβ load but also many other issues that are considered crucial for AD, such as: (i) the aggregation state in which Aβ is present; (ii) its interaction with ot... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216530 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216529&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104914%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jirásko R, Holčapek M The analysis of organometallic compounds with mass spectrometry has some special features in comparison with organic and bioorganic compounds. The first step is the choice of a suitable ionization technique, where the electrospray ionization is certainly the best possibility for most classes of organometallic compounds and metal complexes. Some ionization mechanisms of organometallic compounds are comparable to organic molecules, such as protonation/deprotonation, and adduct formation with sodium or potassium ions; however, in many cases, different mechanisms and their combinations complicate the spectra interpretation. Organometallics frequently undergo various types of adduct and polymerization reactions that result in significantly higher masses obse... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216529 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216528&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sedo O, Sedláček I, Zdráhal Z Direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) bacterial cell or lysate analysis appears to meet all the criteria required for a rapid and reliable analytical microorganism identification and taxonomical classification tool. Few-minute analytical procedure providing information extending up to sub-species level underlines the potential of the MALDI-MS profiling in comparison with other methods employed in the field. However, the quality of MALDI-MS profiles and consequently the performance of the method are influenced by numerous factors, which involve particular steps of the sample preparation procedure. This review is aimed at advances in development and optimization of the MALDI-MS profiling methodology. Appr... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216528 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165277&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21061405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murphy RC, Axelsen PH Electrospray and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization generate abundant molecular ion species from all known lipids that have long chain fatty acyl groups esterified or amidated to many different polar headgroup features. Molecular ion species include both positive ions from proton addition [M+H](+) and negative ions from proton abstraction [M-H](-) as well as positive ions from alkali metal attachment and negative ions from acetate or chloride attachment. Collisional activation of both MALDI and ESI behave very similarly in that generated molecular species yield product ions that reveal many structural features of the fatty acyl lipids that can be detected in tandem mass spectrometric experiments. For many lipid species, collision induced dissocia... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165277 Mon, 08 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137960&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21046661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giron P, Dayon L, Sanchez JC Amino acid-tagging strategies are widespread in proteomics. Because of the central role of mass spectrometry (MS) as a detection technique in protein sciences, the term "mass tagging" was coined to describe the attachment of a label, which serves MS analysis and/or adds analytical value to the measurements. These so-called mass tags can be used for separation, enrichment, detection, and quantitation of peptides and proteins. In this context, cysteine is a frequent target for modifications because the thiol function can react specifically by nucleophilic substitution or addition. Furthermore, cysteines present natural modifications of biological importance and a low occurrence in the proteome that justify the development of strategies to specificall... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137960 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4137958&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21046662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu P, Bowden P, Zhang D, Marshall JG It is difficult to convey the accelerating rate and growing importance of mass spectrometry applications to human blood proteins and peptides. Mass spectrometry can rapidly detect and identify the ionizable peptides from the proteins in a simple mixture and reveal many of their post-translational modifications. However, blood is a complex mixture that may contain many proteins first expressed in cells and tissues. The complete analysis of blood proteins is a daunting task that will rely on a wide range of disciplines from physics, chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, electromagnetic instrumentation, mathematics and computation. Therefore the comprehensive discovery and analysis of blood proteins will rank among the great technical challenges... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4137958 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4137958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4107608&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20976821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 20976821 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4107608 Wed, 27 Oct 2010 18:30:05 +0100 4107608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4107609&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20973095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trufelli H, Palma P, Famiglini G, Cappiello A Matrix-dependent signal suppression or enhancement represents a major drawback in quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (LC-API-MS). Because matrix effects (ME) might exert a detrimental impact on important method parameters (limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision), they have to be tested and evaluated during validation procedure. This review gives a detailed description on when these phenomena might be expected, and how they can be evaluated. The major sources of ME are discussed and illustrated with examples from bioanalytical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis. Because there is no universal solution for... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4107609 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4107609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4075712&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20949635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shushan B Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) technology is emerging as a complementary method to traditional methodology used for clinical applications. Enhanced specificity and high-throughput capabilities are providing significant benefits to clinical diagnostic laboratories conducting routine analyses. This technology is expected to expand rapidly as scientists focus on more complicated challenges that can be solved efficiently by adding LC/MS/MS to their arsenal of techniques. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. PMID: 20949635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4075712 Wed, 13 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4075712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4075713&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20945361%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matta A, Ralhan R, Desouza LV, Siu KW Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a rapidly developing technology for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of proteins, and investigations into protein posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and interactions. Recent advancements in MS have made tremendous impact on the throughput and comprehensiveness of cancer proteomics, paving the way to unraveling deregulated cellular pathway networks in human malignancies. In turn, this knowledge is rapidly being translated into the discovery of novel potential cancer markers (PCMs) and targets for molecular therapeutics. Head-and-neck cancer is one of the most morbid human malignancies with an overall poor prognosis and severely compromised quality of life. Early de... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4075713 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4075713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061620&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20931646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bou Khalil M, Hou W, Zhou H, Elisma F, Swayne LA, Blanchard AP, Yao Z, Bennett SA, Figeys D Lipid mediators participate in signal transduction pathways, proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane trafficking in the cell. Lipids are highly complex and diverse owing to the various combinations of polar headgroups, fatty acyl chains, and backbone structures. This structural diversity continues to pose a challenge for lipid analysis. Here we review the current state of the art in lipidomics research and discuss the challenges facing this field. The latest technological developments in mass spectrometry, the role of bioinformatics, and the applications of lipidomics in lipid metabolism and cellular physiology and pathology are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec R... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061620 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061619&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20931658%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trost M, Bridon G, Desjardins M, Thibault P Protein phosphorylation represents one of the most extensively studied post-translational modifications, primarily due to the emergence of sensitive methods enabling the detection of this modification both in vitro and in vivo. The availability of enrichment methods combined with sensitive mass spectrometry instrumentation has played a crucial role in uncovering the dynamic changes and the large expanding repertoire of this reversible modification. The structural changes imparted by the phosphorylation of specific residues afford exquisite mechanisms for the regulation of protein functions by modulating new binding sites on scaffold proteins or by abrogating protein-protein interactions. However, the dynamic interplay of protein phos... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061619 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3938959&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20799356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyd B, Bohme D PMID: 20799356 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3938959 Wed, 25 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3938959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3900157&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20730915%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petrotchenko EV, Borchers CH The method of crosslinking combined with mass spectrometry is being gradually accepted as a technology enabling detailed structural information on proteins and protein complexes. Intrinsic challenges of the method, which have prevented its widespread use, are being progressively addressed by improvements in mass spectrometry instrumentation capabilities, by the development of new crosslinking reagents, and by the development of specialized software tools for processing of mass spectrometric crosslinking data. This review focuses on recent literature concerning the development of specialized crosslinking reagents and approaches for mass spectrometry-based applications. Critical features of crosslinking reagents for optimum mass spectrometric perform... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3900157 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3900157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3824109&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20683848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 20683848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3824109 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3824109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3803448&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20669325%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sztáray J, Memboeuf A, Drahos L, Vékey K The present article reviews the mass spectrometric fragmentation processes and fragmentation energetics of leucine enkephalin, a commonly used peptide, which has been studied in detail and has often been used as a standard or reference compound to test novel instrumentation, new methodologies, or to tune instruments. The main purpose of the article is to facilitate its use as a reference material; therefore, all available mass spectrometry-related information on leucine enkephalin has been critically reviewed and summarized. The fragmentation mechanism of leucine enkephalin is typical for a small peptide; but is understood far better than that of most other compounds. Because ion ratios in the MS/MS spectra indicate the degree of ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3803448 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3803448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777270&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20648679%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spaněl P, Smith D The development of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, is described from its inception as the modified very large SIFT instruments used to demonstrate the feasibility of SIFT-MS as an analytical technique, towards the smaller but bulky transportable instruments and finally to the current smallest Profile 3 instruments that have been located in various places, including hospitals and schools to obtain on-line breath analyses. The essential physics and engineering principles are discussed, which must be appreciated to design and construct a SIFT-MS instrument. The versatility and sensitivity of the Profile 3 instrument is illustrated by typical mass spectra obtained using the three precursor ions H(3)O(+), NO(+) and ${\rm O}_{{\rm 2}};{{\rm + ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777270 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3759165&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20623700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jansen RS, Rosing H, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH Nucleoside analogs are widely used in anti-cancer, anti-(retro)viral, and immunosuppressive therapy. Nucleosides are prodrugs that require intracellular activation to mono-, di-, and finally triphosphates. Monitoring of these intracellular nucleotides is important to understand their pharmacology. The relatively involatile salts and ion-pairing agents traditionally used for the separation of these ionic analytes limit the applicability of mass spectrometry (MS) for detection. Both indirect and direct methods have been developed to circumvent this apparent incompatibility. Indirect methods consist of de-phosphorylation of the nucleotides into nucleosides before the actual analysis. Various direct approaches have been developed, rang... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3759165 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3759165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3759166&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20623599%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the fragmentation pathways of synthetic polymer ions that have been energized to decompose via collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), the most widely used activation method in polymer analysis. The compounds discussed encompass polystyrenes, poly(2-vinyl pyridine), polyacrylates, poly(vinyl acetate), aliphatic polyester copolymers, polyethers, and poly(dimethylsiloxane). For a number of these polymers, several substitution patterns and architectures are considered, and questions regarding the ionization agent and internal energy of the dissociating precursor ions are also addressed. Competing and consecutive dissociations are evaluated in terms of the structural insight they provide about the macromolecular structure. The fragmentation pathways of the diverse arra... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3759166 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3759166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673192&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 20549710 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673192 Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362717&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20222147%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harvey DJ This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on in... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362717 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336166&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20201110%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beverly MB RNA interference (RNAi) has quickly become a well-established laboratory tool for regulating gene expression and is currently being explored for its therapeutic potential. The design and use of double-stranded RNA oligonucleotides as therapeutics to trigger the RNAi mechanism and a greater effort to understand the RNAi pathway itself is driving the development of analytical techniques that can characterize these oligonucleotides. Electrospray (ESI) and MALDI have been used routinely to analyze oligonucleotides and their ability to provide mass and sequence information has made them ideal for this application. Reviewed here is the work done to date on the use of ESI and MALDI for the study of RNAi oligonucleotides as well as the strategies and issues associated with ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336166 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291378&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20169623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Kampen JJ, Burgers PC, de Groot R, Gruters RA, Luider TM Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging analytical tool for the analysis of molecules with molar masses below 1,000 Da; that is, small molecules. This technique offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, low sample consumption, a relative high tolerance towards salts and buffers, and the possibility to store sample on the target plate. The successful application of the technique is, however, hampered by low molecular weight (LMW) matrix-derived interference signals and by poor reproducibility of signal intensities during quantitative analyses. In this review, we focus on the biomedical application of MALDI-MS for the analysis of small molecules and discuss its favorable... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291378 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244815&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20131359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 20131359 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244815 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179139&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20077559%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fletcher JS, Lockyer NP, Vickerman JC In principle mass spectral imaging has enormous potential for discovery applications in biology. The chemical specificity of mass spectrometry combined with spatial analysis capabilities of liquid metal cluster beams and the high yields of polyatomic ion beams should present unprecedented ability to spatially locate molecular chemistry in the 100 nm range. However, although metal cluster ion beams have greatly increased yields in the m/z range up to 1000, they still have to be operated under the static limit and even in most favorable cases maximum yields for molecular species from 1 microm pixels are frequently below 20 counts. However, some very impressive molecular imaging analysis has been accomplished under these conditions. Neverthel... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179139 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179140&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20077480%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patwa T, Li C, Simeone DM, Lubman DM Protein glycosylation plays an important role in a multitude of biological processes such as cell-cell recognition, growth, differentiation, and cell death. It has been shown that specific glycosylation changes are key in disease progression and can have diagnostic value for a variety of disease types such as cancer and inflammation. The complexity of carbohydrate structures and their derivatives makes their study a real challenge. Improving the isolation, separation, and characterization of carbohydrates and their glycoproteins is a subject of increasing scientific interest. With the development of new stationary phases and molecules that have affinity properties for glycoproteins, the isolation and separation of these compounds have advan... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179140 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3075362&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19998353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 19998353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3075362 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3075362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968172&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890938%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patterson AD, Lanz C, Gonzalez FJ, Idle JR Radiation metabolomics can be defined as the global profiling of biological fluids to uncover latent, endogenous small molecules whose concentrations change in a dose-response manner following exposure to ionizing radiation. In response to the potential threat of nuclear or radiological terrorism, the Center for High-Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry was established to develop field-deployable biodosimeters based, in part, on rapid analysis by mass spectrometry of readily and easily obtainable biofluids. In this review, we briefly summarize radiation biology and key events related to actual and potential nuclear disasters, discuss the important contributions the field of mass spectrometry has made to the field of ra... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968172 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968171&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takahashi N PMID: 19890945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968171 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968170&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schug KA, Serrano C, Fryčák P This review discusses recent emerging techniques that have been used to couple flow-injection analysis (FIA) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the quantitation of noncovalent binding interactions. Focus is placed predominantly on two such methods. Diffusion-based measurements, developed by Konermann and co-workers, uses controlled-band dispersion prior to ESI-MS to determine diffusion constants and binding constants based on the temporal variation of ligand signal measured in the mass spectrum (an indirect technique). Dynamic titration, developed by Schug and co-workers, is a direct method, where a temporal compositional gradient of a guest molecule is induced in the presence of host in solution to monitor the c... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968170 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968169&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Headley JV, Du JL, Peru KM, McMartin DW This review of mass spectrometry of sulfonylurea herbicides includes a focus on studies relevant to Canadian Prairie waters. Emphasis is given to data gaps in the literature for the rates of photolysis of selected sulfonylurea herbicides in different water matrices. Specifically, results are evaluated for positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography separation for the study of the photolysis of chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, and ethametsulfuron-methyl. LC-MS/MS is shown to be the method of choice for the quantification of sulfonylurea herbicides with instrumental detection limits ranging from 1.3 to 7.2 pg (on-column). Tandem mass spectrometry coupled with the... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968169 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2948523&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Laeter J There are several basic characteristics of mass spectrometry that are not always fully appreciated by the science community. These characteristics include the distinction between relative and absolute isotope abundances, and the influence of isotope fractionation on the accuracy of isotopic measurements. These characteristics can be illustrated in the field of nuclear physics with reference to the measurement of nuclear parameters, which involve the use of enriched isotopes, and to test models of s-, r-, and p-process nucleosynthesis. The power of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) to measure trace elements in primitive meteorites to produce accurate Solar System abundances has been essential to the development of nuclear astrophysics. The variety of mass sp... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2948523 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2948523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2759246&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19722247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang D, Li QX This review summarized the applications of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the important flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to understand the environmental sources, fate and toxicity of PBDEs that were briefly discussed to give a general idea for the need of analytical methodologies. Specific performance of various mass spectrometers hyphenated with, for example, gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and inductively coupled plasma (GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP/MS, respectively) for the analysis of PBDEs was compared with an objective to present the information on the evolution of MS techniques for determining PBDEs in environmental and human samples. GC/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole MS (GC/NCI qMS), GC/high res... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2759246 Sun, 30 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2759246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2759245&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19722249%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the numerous ways in which inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been used for the analysis of environmental samples since it was commercially introduced in 1983. Its multielemental isotopic capability, high sensitivity and wide linear dynamic range makes it ideally suited for environmental analysis. Provided that some care is taken during sample preparation and that appropriate calibration strategies are used to circumvent non-spectroscopic interferences, the technique is readily applicable to the analysis of a wide variety of environmental samples (natural waters, soils, rocks, sediments, vegetation, etc.), using quadrupole, time-of-flight or double-focusing sector-field mass spectrometers. In cases where spectroscopic interferences arising from the sample... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2759245 Sun, 30 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2759245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2742135&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19708013%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyd B, Bohme D PMID: 19708013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2742135 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2742135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2742134&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19708014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 19708014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2742134 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2742134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2742133&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19708015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kushnir MM, Rockwood AL, Bergquist J Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been recognized as a primary methodology for the accurate analysis of endogenous steroid hormones in biological samples. This review focuses on the use of LC-MS/MS in clinical laboratories to assist with the diagnosis of diverse groups of endocrine and metabolic diseases. Described analytical methods use on-line and off-line sample preparation and analytical derivatization to enhance analytical sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility. Advantages of LC-MS/MS as an analytical technique include high specificity, possibility to simultaneously measure multiple analytes, and the ability to assess the specificity of the analysis in every sample. All described analytical methods w... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2742133 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2742133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698050&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19672939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reiner EJ The analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other related compounds requires complex sample preparation and analytical procedures using highly sensitive and selective state-of-the-art instrumentation to meet very stringent data quality objectives. The analytical procedures (extraction, sample preparation), instrumentation (chromatographic separation and detection by mass spectrometry) and screening techniques for the determination of dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and related compounds with a focus on new approaches and alternate techniques to standard regulatory methods are reviewed. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. PMID: 19672939 [PubMed - as supplied by ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698050 Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2698050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698049&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19672951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Konermann L, Stocks BB, Pan Y, Tong X This review discusses various mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches for exploring structural aspects of proteins in solution. Electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, in particular, has found fascinating applications in this area. For example, when used in conjunction with solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX), ESI-MS is a highly sensitive tool for probing conformational dynamics. The main focus of this article is a technique that is complementary to HDX, that is, the covalent labeling of proteins by hydroxyl radicals. The reactivity of individual amino acid side chains with (.)OH is strongly affected by their degree of solvent exposure. Thus, analysis of the oxidative labeling pattern by peptide mapping and tandem mass spectrometry ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698049 Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2698049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640173&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19626583%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Covey TR, Thomson BA, Schneider BB This review of atmospheric pressure ion sources discusses major developments that have occurred since 1991. Advances in the instrumentation and understanding of the key physical principles are the primary focus. Developments with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and variations encompassing adaptations for surface analysis, ambient air analysis, high throughput, and modification of the ionization mechanism are covered. An important and limiting consequence of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, chemical noise, is discussed as is techniques being employed to ameliorate the problem. Ion transfer and transport from atmospheric pressure into deep vacuum is an area undergoing constant improvement and refinement so is ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640173 Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2615540&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19609886%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Müthing J, Distler U Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), composed of a hydrophilic carbohydrate chain and a lipophilic ceramide anchor, play pivotal roles in countless biological processes, including infectious diseases and the development of cancer. Knowledge of the number and sequence of monosaccharides and their anomeric configuration and linkage type, which make up the principal items of the glyco code of biologically active carbohydrate chains, is essential for exploring the function of GSLs. As part of the investigation of the vertebrate glycome, GSL analysis is undergoing rapid expansion owing to the application of novel biochemical and biophysical technologies. Mass spectrometry (MS) takes part in the network of collaborations to further unravel structural and functional a... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2615540 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2615540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602912&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19598206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu X, Wen F, Yang J, Chen L, Wei YQ The brain is unquestionably the most fascinating organ, and the hippocampus is crucial in memory storage and retrieval and plays an important role in stress response. In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the seizure origin typically involves the hippocampal formation. Despite tremendous progress, current knowledge falls short of being able to explain its function. An emerging approach toward an improved understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms that underlie functions of the brain and hippocampus is neuroproteomics. Mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze biological samples, and has evolved into an indispensable tool for proteomics research. In this review, we present a general overview of the application of mass spectrometry ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602912 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2602912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2602911&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19598224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang L For many decades the accurate and precise determination of isotope ratios has remained a very strong interest to many researchers due to its important applications in earth, environmental, biological, archeological, and medical sciences. Traditionally, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) has been the technique of choice for achieving the highest accuracy and precision. However, recent developments in multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) have brought a new dimension to this field. In addition to its simple and robust sample introduction, high sample throughput, and high mass resolution, the flat-topped peaks generated by this technique provide for accurate and precise determination of isotope ratios with precision reaching 0.00... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2602911 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2602911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549031&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19557838%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becker JS, Zoriy M, Matusch A, Wu B, Salber D, Palm C, Becker JS The distribution analysis of (essential, beneficial, or toxic) metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, and others), metalloids, and non-metals in biological tissues is of key interest in life science. Over the past few years, the development and application of several imaging mass spectrometric techniques has been rapidly growing in biology and medicine. Especially, in brain research metalloproteins are in the focus of targeted therapy approaches of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, or stroke, or tumor growth. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) using double-focusing sector field (LA-ICP-SFMS) or quadrupole-based mass spectrometers (LA-ICP-QMS) has b... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549031 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549030&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19557839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cubbon S, Antonio C, Wilson J, Thomas-Oates J Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), although not a new technique, has enjoyed a recent renaissance with the introduction of robust and reproducible stationary phases. It is consequently finding application in metabolomics studies, which have traditionally relied on the stability of reversed phases (RPs), since the biofluids analyzed are predominantly aqueous and thus contain many polar analytes. HILIC's retention of those polar compounds and use of solvents readily compatible with mass spectrometry have seen its increasing adoption in studies of complex aqueous metabolomes. This review describes the stationary phases and their features, surveys HILIC-LC-MS's role in metabolomics experiments, discusses approaches ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549030 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549034&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19551693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boulyga SF The variations in the isotopic composition of calcium caused by fractionation in heterogeneous systems and by nuclear reactions can provide insight into numerous biological, geological, and cosmic processes, and therefore isotopic analysis finds a wide spectrum of applications in cosmo- and geochemistry, paleoclimatic, nutritional, and biomedical studies. The measurement of calcium isotopic abundances in natural samples has challenged the analysts for more than three decades. Practically all Ca isotopes suffer from significant isobaric interferences, whereas low-abundant isotopes can be particularly affected by neighboring major isotopes. The extent of natural variations of stable isotopes appears to be relatively limited, and highly precise techniques are required ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549034 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549033&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19551695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kebarle P, Verkerk UH There is an advantage for users of electrospray and nanospray mass spectrometry to have an understanding of the processes involved in the conversion of the ions present in the solution to ions in the gas phase. The following processes are considered: Creation of charge droplets at the capillary tip; Electrical potentials required and possibility of gas discharges; Evolution of charged droplets, due to solvent evaporation and Coulomb explosions, to very small droplets that are the precursors of the gas phase ions; Production of gas phase ions from these droplets via the Ion Evaporation and Charge residue models; Analytical uses of ESIMS of small ions, qualitative and quantitative analysis; Effects of the ESI mechanism on the analysis of proteins and protei... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549033 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549032&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19551806%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 19551806 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549032 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549035&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19548303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bohme D, Boyd B PMID: 19548303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549035 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472069&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sikanen T, Franssila S, Kauppila TJ, Kostiainen R, Kotiaho T, Ketola RA Microfabrication of analytical devices is currently of growing interest and many microfabricated instruments have also entered the field of mass spectrometry (MS). Various (atmospheric pressure) ion sources as well as mass analyzers have been developed exploiting microfabrication techniques. The most common approach thus far has been the miniaturization of the electrospray ion source and its integration with various separation and sampling units. Other ionization techniques, mainly atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and photoionization, have also been subject to miniaturization, though they have not attracted as much attention. Likewise, all common types of mass analyzers have been realized by microf... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472069 Tue, 09 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472144&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19492304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Douglas DJ The use of linear quadrupoles in mass spectrometry as mass filters and ion guides is reviewed. Following a tutorial review of the principles of mass filter operation, methods of mass analysis are reviewed. Discussed are extensions of quadrupole mass filters to higher masses, scanning with frequency sweeps of the quadrupole waveform, operation in higher stability regions, and operation with rectangular or other periodic waveforms. Two relatively new methods of mass analysis the use of "islands of stability" and "mass selective axial ejection" are then reviewed. The optimal electrode geometry for a quadrupole mass filter constructed with round rods is discussed. The use of collisional cooling in quadrupole ion guides is discussed along with ion guides that have axial ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472144 Tue, 02 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472127&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19492311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang M, Feng WY, Zhao YL, Chai ZF In the post-genomics era, proteomics has become a central branch in life sciences. An understanding of biological functions will not only rely on protein identification, but also on protein quantification in a living organism. Most of the existing methods for quantitative proteomics are based on isotope labeling combined with molecular mass spectrometry. Recently, a remarkable progress that utilizes inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an attractive complement to electrospray MS and MALDI MS for protein quantification, especially for absolute quantification, has been achieved. This review will selectively discuss the recent advances of ICP-MS-based technique, which will be expected to further mature and to become one of the... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472127 Tue, 02 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472126&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19492348%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: March RE The extraordinary story of the three-dimensional radiofrequency quadrupole ion trap, accompanied by a seemingly unintelligible theoretical treatment, is told in some detail because of the quite considerable degree of commercial success that quadrupole technology has achieved. The quadrupole ion trap, often used in conjunction with a quadrupole mass filter, remained a laboratory curiosity until 1979 when, at the American Society for Mass Spectrometry Conference in Seattle, George Stafford, Jr., of Finnigan Corp., learned of the Masters' study of Allison Armitage of a combined quadrupole ion trap/quadrupole mass filter instrument for the observation of electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra of simple compounds eluting from a gas chromatograph. Stafford dev... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472126 Tue, 02 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472170&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19479726%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the development of nanoelectrospray emitters, including factors such as geometry and the manner of applying voltage. Designs for emitters that take advantage of multielectrospray are emphasized. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. PMID: 19479726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472170 Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472185&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19449334%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahoney CM Cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (cluster SIMS) has played a critical role in the characterization of polymeric materials over the last decade, allowing for the ability to obtain spatially resolved surface and in-depth molecular information from many polymer systems. With the advent of new molecular sources such as ${\rm C}_{60}; +$, ${\rm Au}_3; +$, ${\rm SF}_5; +$, and ${\rm Bi}_3; +$, there are considerable increases in secondary ion signal as compared to more conventional atomic beams (Ar(+), Cs(+), or Ga(+)). In addition, compositional depth profiling in organic and polymeric systems is now feasible, without the rapid signal decay that is typically observed under atomic bombardment. The premise behind the success of cluster SIMS is that compared to atomi... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472185 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472224&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19437489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Møller M, Lund-Andersen C, Rovsing L, Sparre T, Bache N, Roepstorff P, Vorum H The photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain consists of (a) specialized photoreceptors in the retina, (b) a circadian generator located in the forebrain that contains "clock genes," (c) specialized nuclei in the forebrain involved in neuroendocrine secretion, and (d) the pineal gland. The circadian generator is a nucleus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The neurons of this nucleus contain "clock genes," the transcription of which exhibits a circadian rhythm. Most circadian rhythms are generated by the neurons of this nucleus and, via neuronal and humoral connections, the SCN controls circadian activity of the brain and peripheral tissues. The endogenous oscillator of the SCN... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472224 Tue, 12 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472201&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19437493%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the research relevant to the development of analytical techniques for the in vivo determination of dynamic variation in the concentration levels of metal ions in a living animal. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. PMID: 19437493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472201 Tue, 12 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472267&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19431185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 19431185 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472267 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472299&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19391098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hopkinson AC Amino acid and peptide radical cations, M(.+), are formed by oxidative dissociations of [Cu(auxiliary ligand)(M)](.2+) and [Metal(III)(salen)(M)](+) complexes. The most easily formed radicals contain either an aromatic or basic amino acid residue. Aromatic amino acids have low ionization energies, are easily oxidized and delocalize the charge and spin over the ring systems; basic amino acids facilitate formation of alpha-radicals that have captodative structures in which the charge and spin are formally separated, although feeding back some of the charge onto the amide or carboxyl group adjacent to the radical center through hydrogen bonding enriches the electron-withdrawing properties and is highly stabilizing. DFT calculations located five isomers of His(.+) wit... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472299 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472292&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19391099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kelly RT, Tolmachev AV, Page JS, Tang K, Smith RD The electrodynamic ion funnel has enabled the manipulation and focusing of ions in a pressure regime (0.1-30 Torr) that has challenged traditional approaches, and provided the basis for much greater mass spectrometer ion transmission efficiencies. The initial ion funnel implementations aimed to efficiently capture ions in the expanding gas jet of an electrospray ionization interface and radially focus them for efficient transfer through a conductance limiting orifice. We review the improvements in fundamental understanding of ion motion in ion funnels, the evolution in its implementations that have brought the ion funnel to its current state of refinement, as well as applications of the ion funnel for purposes such as ion trapp... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472292 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472360&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19367629%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews recent literature on current methodologies based on chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to analyze phenolic compounds with endocrine-disrupting capabilities. For this review we chose alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and their degradation products and halogenated derivatives, which are considered important environmental contaminants. Additionally, some related compounds such as bisphenol diglycidylethers were included. Growing attention has been paid to the mass spectrometric characterization of these compounds and the instrumentation and strategies used for their quantification and confirmation. The current use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methodologies with different mass ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472360 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472383&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hwang H, Zhang J, Chung KA, Leverenz JB, Zabetian CP, Peskind ER, Jankovic J, Su Z, Hancock AM, Pan C, Montine TJ, Pan S, Nutt J, Albin R, Gearing M, Beyer RP, Shi M, Zhang J Protein glycosylation regulates protein function and cellular distribution. Additionally, aberrant protein glycosylations have been recognized to play major roles in human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoproteomics, a branch of proteomics that catalogs and quantifies glycoproteins, provides a powerful means to systematically profile the glycopeptides or glycoproteins of a complex mixture that are highly enriched in body fluids, and therefore, carry great potential to be diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Application of this mass spectrometry-based technology to the study of neurod... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472383 Wed, 08 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472415&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu R, McMahon TB Both Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and high-pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) are very powerful tools in the field of gas phase ion chemistry. Many experimental method developments based on FTICR-MS and HPMS are summarized, including the coupling of a high-pressure external ion source to a FTICR mass spectrometer, blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD), coupling laser desorption ionization with HPMS, infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD), radiative association and bimolecular routes to gas phase cluster ion formation. An abundance of thermochemical data, such as proton affinities, gas phase acidities, methyl cation affinities and metal cation affinities, have been obtained. Some of these data are the b... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472415 Tue, 07 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472425&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19343731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fridgen TD In this article, the new and exciting techniques of infrared consequence spectroscopy (sometimes called action spectroscopy) of gaseous ions are reviewed. These techniques include vibrational predissociation spectroscopy and infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and they typically complement one another in the systems studied and the information gained. In recent years infrared consequence spectroscopy has provided long-awaited direct evidence into the structures of gaseous ions from organometallic species to strong ionic hydrogen bonded structures to large biomolecules. Much is being learned with respect to the structures of ions without their stabilizing solvent which can be used to better understand the effect of solvent on their structures. This rev... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472425 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2472456&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19338048%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harrison AG Modern soft ionization techniques readily produce protonated or multiply protonated peptides. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of these protonated species is often used as a method to obtain sequence information. In many cases fragmentation occurs at amide bonds. When the charge resides on the C-terminal fragment so-called y ions are produced which are known to be protonated amino acids or truncated peptides. When the charge resides on the N-terminal fragment so-called b ions are produced. Often the sequence of y and b ions are essential for peptide sequencing. The b ions have many possible structures, a knowledge of which is useful in this sequencing. The structures of b ions are reviewed in the following with particular emphasis on the variation of structure ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2472456 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2472456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2295567&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19326436%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is a review of the mechanisms responsible for collisional activation of ions in mass spectrometers. Part I gives a general introduction to the processes occurring when a projectile ion and neutral target collide. The theoretical background to the physical phenomena of curve-crossing excitation (for electronic and vibrational excitation), impulsive collisions (for direct translational to vibrational energy transfer), and the formation of long-lived collision intermediates is presented. Part II highlights the experimental and computational investigations that have been made into collisional activation for four experimental conditions: high (>100 eV) and intermediate (1-100 eV) center-of-mass collision energies, slow heating collisions (multiple low-energy collisions) and coll... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2295567 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2295567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2295562&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19326442%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyd B, Bohme D PMID: 19326442 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2295562 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2295562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2295573&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19319922%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng KW, Wong CC, Wang M, He QY, Chen F Natural products, and their derivatives and mimics, have contributed to the development of important therapeutics to combat diseases such as infections and cancers over the past decades. The value of natural products to modern drug discovery is still considerable. However, its development is hampered by a lack of a mechanistic understanding of their molecular action, as opposed to the emerging molecule-targeted therapeutics that are tailored to a specific protein target(s). Recent advances in the mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches have the potential to offer unprecedented insights into the molecular action of natural products. Chemical proteomics is established as an invaluable tool for the identification of protein targets of... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2295573 Tue, 24 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2295573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2295577&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19306312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brodbelt J PMID: 19306312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2295577 Fri, 20 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2295577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283543&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brunner Y, Schvartz D, Couté Y, Sanchez JC Regulated secretory organelles are important subcellular structures of living cells that allow the release in the extracellular space of crucial compounds, such as hormones and neurotransmitters. Therefore, the regulation of biogenesis, trafficking, and exocytosis of regulated secretory organelles has been intensively studied during the last 30 years. However, due to the large number of different regulated secretory organelles, only a few of them have been specifically characterized. New insights into regulated secretory organelles open crucial perspectives for a better comprehension of the mechanisms that govern cell secretion. The combination of subcellular fractionation, protein separation, and mass spectrometry is also possib... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283543 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2283543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283551&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19294683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holmes JL, Aubry C This short account outlines the sources of thermochemical data that are important for gas phase ion chemistry. It describes some of the relationships that have been identified for the empirical estimation of enthalpies among neutral molecules, free radicals, and odd and even electron ions. For neutral species, the additivity principle works well and this has been developed to cover a very wide range of structures and isomers. Ionization energies of homologous species depend inversely on molecular size, allowing estimates to be made for missing members. For ions, the effect of a group substitution (such as replacing a hydrogen atom by, e.g., a methyl or hydroxyl group) can easily be estimated, but such results are strongly dependent upon the position of the c... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283551 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2283551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283549&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19294730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee YH, Lin Q, Boelsterli UA, Chung MC Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases and disorders, but the mechanistic basis often remains enigmatic. The Sod2 mutant mouse, which is sensitized to mitochondrial stress, is an ideal mutant model for studying the role of oxidative stress in a diverse range of complications arising from mitochondrial dysfunction and diminished antioxidant defense. To fully appreciate the widespread molecular consequences under increased oxidative stress, a systems approach utilizing proteomics is able to provide a global overview of the complex biological changes, which a targeted single biomolecular approach cannot address fully. This review focuses on the applications of mass spectrometry and functional prot... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283549 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2283549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283546&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19294735%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brodbelt JS, Wilson JJ The development of new ion activation techniques continues to be a dynamic area of scientific discovery, in part to complement the tremendous innovations in ionization methods that have allowed the mass spectrometric analysis of an enormous array of molecules. Ion activation/dissociation provides key information about ion structures, binding energies, and differentiation of isomers, as well as affording a primary means of identifying compounds in mixtures. Numerous new activation methods have emerged over the past two decades in an effort to develop alternatives to collisional activated dissociation, the gold standard for providing structurally diagnostic fragmentation patterns. Collisional activated dissociation does not always offer sufficiently high o... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283546 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2283546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2249119&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19266564%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 19266564 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2249119 Thu, 05 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2249119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2249118&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19266570%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bohme DK The author provides a brief overview, and shares the extraordinary excitement, of the years of unprecedented discoveries in ion chemistry that followed the first production of fullerene powder in 1990. Various charge states of the buckminsterfullerene ${\rm C}_{60};{n + }$ cation became available by conventional electron-impact ionization of the vapor of this powder and so for mass-spectrometric measurements of ion reactivity. The emphasis here will be on fullerene-ion research performed in the author's own laboratory at York University using electron ionization flow-tube mass spectrometry techniques. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev. PMID: 19266570 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2249118 Thu, 05 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2249118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2240949&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19263479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dunn JD, Reid GE, Bruening ML Mass spectrometry is the tool of choice to investigate protein phosphorylation, which plays a vital role in cell regulation and diseases such as cancer. However, low abundances of phosphopeptides and low degrees of phosphorylation typically necessitate isolation and concentration of phosphopeptides prior to MS analysis. This review discusses the enrichment of phosphopeptides with immobilized metal affinity chromatography, reversible covalent binding, and metal oxide affinity chromatography. Capture of phosphopeptides on TiO(2) seems especially promising in terms of selectivity and recovery, but the success of all methods depends on careful selection of binding, washing, and elution solutions. Enrichment techniques are complementary, such that a co... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2240949 Wed, 04 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2240949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2216591&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19241457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Polfer NC, Oomens J The low density of ions in mass spectrometers generally precludes direct infrared (IR) absorption measurements. The IR spectrum of an ion can nonetheless be obtained by inducing photodissociation of the ion using a high-intensity tunable laser. The emergence of free electron lasers (FELs) and recent breakthroughs in bench-top lasers based on nonlinear optics have now made it possible to routinely record IR spectra of gas-phase ions. As the energy of one IR photon is insufficient to cause dissociation of molecules and strongly bound complexes, two main experimental strategies have been developed to effect photodissociation. In infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IR-MPD) many photons are absorbed resonantly and their energy is stored in the bath of vibrati... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2216591 Tue, 24 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2216591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2216590&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19241461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Resano M, García-Ruiz E, Vanhaecke F Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is a solid sampling technique in continuous expansion in all types of research fields in which direct multi-elemental or isotopic analysis is required. In particular, this technique shows unique characteristics that made its use recommended in many archaeometric applications, where valuable solid artifacts are often the target samples, because it offers flexibility to achieve spatially resolved information with high detection power and a wide linear range, in a fast and straightforward way, and with minimal sample damage. The current review provides a systematic survey of publications that reported the use of LA-ICPMS in an archaeological context, highlights its mai... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2216590 Tue, 24 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2216590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2216589&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19241462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reilly JP Mass spectrometric identification of all types of molecules relies on the observation and interpretation of ion fragmentation patterns. Peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids that are often found as components of complex biological samples represent particularly important challenges. The most common strategies for fragmenting biomolecular ions include low- and high-energy collisional activation, post-source decay, and electron capture or transfer dissociation. Each of these methods has its own idiosyncrasies and advantages but encounters problems with some types of samples. Novel fragmentation methods that can offer improvements are always desirable. One approach that has been under study for years but is not yet incorporated into a commercial instrumen... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2216589 Tue, 24 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2216589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2194899&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19219931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eyler JR The ability of Paul and Penning traps to contain ions for time periods ranging from milliseconds to minutes allows the trapped ions to be subjected to laser irradiation for extended lengths of time. In this way, relatively low-powered tunable infrared lasers can be used to induce ion fragmentation when a sufficient number of infrared photons are absorbed, a process known as infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD). If ion fragmentation is monitored as a function of laser wavelength, a photodissociation action spectrum can be obtained. The development of widely tunable infrared laser sources, in particular free electron lasers (FELs) and optical parametric oscillators/amplifiers (OPO/As), now allows spectra of trapped ions to be obtained for the entire "chemically... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2194899 Fri, 13 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2194899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2110625&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19145581%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bindila L, Peter-Katalinić J The introduction of micro- and nanochip front end technologies for electrospray mass spectrometry addressed a major challenge in carbohydrate analysis: high sensitivity structural determination and heterogeneity assessment in high dynamic range mixtures of biological origin. Chip-enhanced electrospray ionization was demonstrated to provide reproducible performance irrespective of the type of carbohydrate, while the amenability of chip systems for coupling with different mass spectrometers greatly advance the chip/MS technique as a versatile key tool in glycomic studies. A more accurate representation of the glycan repertoire to include novel biologically-relevant information was achieved in different biological sources, asserting this techniq... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2110625 Wed, 14 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2110625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089973&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127566%26dopt%3DAbstract Toward an "omic" physiopathology of reactive chemicals: Thirty years of mass spectrometric study of the protein adducts with endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2009 Jan 6; Authors: Rubino FM, Pitton M, Di Fabio D, Colombi A Cancer and degenerative diseases are major causes of morbidity and death, derived from the permanent modification of key biopolymers such as DNA and regulatory proteins by usually smaller, reactive molecules, present in the environment or generated from endogenous and xenobiotic components by the body's own biochemical mechanisms (molecular adducts). In particular, protein adducts with organic electrophiles have been studied for more than 30 [see, e.g., Calleman et al., 1978] years essentially for three purposes: (a) as passive monitors ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089973 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2089973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2074093&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vukics V, Guttman A Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites of great structural variety and high medicinal significance. The search for new chemical entities and the quality control of flavonoid containing natural products require easy-to-use but reliable and robust analytical methodologies. For structural elucidation of flavonoids and their glycosides, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) are the generally used techniques. In phytochemical analyses, however, high amounts of flavonoids are difficult to isolate for NMR, thus low sample volume requiring MS based methods are emerging. This review summarizes and compares currently available methods for structural elucidation of flavonoids by LC-MS and LC-MS(n), and focuses on the identification options of... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2074093 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2074093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2074092&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19116946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maurer MH Mass spectrometry has become the gold standard for the identification of proteins in proteomics. In this review, I will discuss the available literature on proteomic experiments that analyze human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain extracellular fluid (ECF), mostly obtained by cerebral microdialysis. Both materials are of high diagnostic value in clinical neurology, for example, in cerebrovascular disorders like stroke, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traumatic brain injury and cerebral infectious and inflammatory disease, such as multiple sclerosis. Moreover, there are standard procedures for sampling. In a number of studies in recent years, biomarkers have been proposed in CSF and ECF f... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2074092 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2074092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2065299&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19107894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 19107894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2065299 Tue, 23 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2065299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2046792&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19073015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mechref Y, Novotny MV PMID: 19073015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2046792 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2046792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2046793&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rabilloud T, Vaezzadeh AR, Potier N, Lelong C, Leize-Wagner E, Chevallet M Proteomics can be defined as the large-scale analysis of proteins. Due to the complexity of biological systems, it is required to concatenate various separation techniques prior to mass spectrometry. These techniques, dealing with proteins or peptides, can rely on chromatography or electrophoresis. In this review, the electrophoretic techniques are under scrutiny. Their principles are recalled, and their applications for peptide and protein separations are presented and critically discussed. In addition, the features that are specific to gel electrophoresis and that interplay with mass spectrometry (i.e., protein detection after electrophoresis, and the process leading from a gel piece to a solution of ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2046793 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2046793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1990783&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19025966%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tang YJ, Martin HG, Myers S, Rodriguez S, Baidoo EE, Keasling JD Metabolic flux analysis via (13)C labeling ((13)C MFA) quantitatively tracks metabolic pathway activity and determines overall enzymatic function in cells. Three core techniques are necessary for (13)C MFA: (1) a steady state cell culture in a defined medium with labeled-carbon substrates; (2) precise measurements of the labeling pattern of targeted metabolites; and (3) evaluation of the data sets obtained from mass spectrometry measurements with a computer model to calculate the metabolic fluxes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the (13)C-flux analysis technologies, including mini-bioreactor usage for tracer experiments, isotopomer analysis of metabolites via high resolution mass spectrometry (suc... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1990783 Mon, 24 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1990783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1975083&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016300%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mendoza VL, Vachet RW For many years, amino acid-specific covalent labeling has been a valuable tool to study protein structure and protein interactions, especially for systems that are difficult to study by other means. These covalent labeling methods typically map protein structure and interactions by measuring the differential reactivity of amino acid side chains. The reactivity of amino acids in proteins generally depends on the accessibility of the side chain to the reagent, the inherent reactivity of the label and the reactivity of the amino acid side chain. Peptide mass mapping with ESI- or MALDI-MS and peptide sequencing with tandem MS are typically employed to identify modification sites to provide site-specific structural information. In this review, we describe the ... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1975083 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1975083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1960687&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19004022%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Downard K PMID: 19004022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1960687 Tue, 11 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1960687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1945219&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18989895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bilusich D, Bowie JH In a previous review (Bowie, Brinkworth, & Dua (2002); Mass Spectrom Rev 21:87-107) we described the characteristic backbone cleavages and side chain fragmentations which occur from (M-H)(-) parent anions of underivatized peptides. This work is briefly summarized in the present review. Cys was not described in the previous review: here we describe the Cys characteristic side chain loss of H(2)S, together with its gamma backbone cleavage. These processes are compared with those of the related Ser. All experimental observations are backed up with theoretical studies at the HF/6-31G(d)//AM1 level of theory, a level of theory which we have shown gives good geometries and acceptable relative energies. The negative ion cleavages of a number of post-translati... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1945219 Thu, 06 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1945219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1939081&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18985755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Renaut J, Bohler S, Hausman JF, Hoffmann L, Sergeant K, Ashan N, Jolivet Y, Dizengremel P Tropospheric ozone is the main atmospheric pollutant that causes damages to trees. The estimation of the threshold for ozone risk assessment depends on the evaluation of the means that this pollutant impacts the plant and, especially, the foliar organs. The available results show that, before any visible symptom appears, carbon assimilation and the underlying metabolic processes are decreased under chronic ozone exposure. By contrast, the catabolic pathways are enhanced, and contribute to the supply of sufficient reducing power necessary to feed the detoxification processes. Reactive oxygen species delivered during ozone exposure serve as toxic compounds and messengers for the signaling s... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1939081 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1939081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1939080&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18985786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Budzikiewicz H PMID: 18985786 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews) Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1939080 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1939080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934008&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18979527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wuhrer M, de Boer AR, Deelder AM Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with mass spectrometry is a versatile technique for structural glycomics. Glycans are retained by hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and dipole-dipole interactions. Glycopeptides as well as glycans with various modifications and reducing-end labels can be efficiently separated, which often results in the resolution of isobaric species. Chromatography is usually performed with solvent mixtures of organic modifier (often acetonitrile) and volatile (acidic) buffer which are suitable for online-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. When performed at the nano-scale, this results in a detection limit for oligosaccharides of approximately 1 femtomol. Alternatively, glycans may be analyzed by offli... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934008 Fri, 31 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1934008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1926432&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18973238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mischak H, Coon JJ, Novak J, Weissinger EM, Schanstra JP, Dominiczak AF Proteome analysis has emerged as a powerful technology to decipher biological processes. One of the main goals is to discover biomarkers for diseases from tissues and body fluids. However, the complexity and wide dynamic range of protein expression present an enormous challenge to separation technologies and mass spectrometry (MS). In this review, we examine the limitations of proteomics, and aim towards the definition of the current key prerequisites. We focus on capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS), because this technique continues to show great promise. We discuss CE-MS from an application point of view, and evaluate its merits and vices for biomarker discovery and clinical app... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1926432 Thu, 30 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1926432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1926431&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18973241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mechref Y, Novotny MV The occurrence of multiple glycosylation sites on a protein, together with the number of glycan structures which could potentially be associated with each site (microheterogeneity) often leads to a large number of structural combinations. These structural variations increase with the molecular size of a protein, thus contributing to the complexity of glycosylation patterns. Resolving such fine structural differences has been instrumentally difficult. The degree of glycoprotein microheterogeneity has been analytically challenging in the identification of unique glycan structures that can be crucial to a distinct biological function. Despite the wealth of information provided by the most powerful mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem MS techniques, they are no... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1926431 Thu, 30 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1926431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1917968&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18956477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zaia J The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family of polysaccharides includes the unsulfated hyaluronan and the sulfated heparin, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate. GAGs are biosynthesized by a series of enzymes, the activities of which are controlled by complex factors. Animal cells alter their responses to different growth conditions by changing the structures of GAGs expressed on their cell surfaces and in extracellular matrices. Because this variation is a means whereby the functions of the limited number of protein gene products in animal genomes is elaborated, the phenotypic and functional assessment of GAG structures expressed spatially and temporally is an important goal in glycomics. On-line mass spectrometric separations are essential for suc... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1917968 Mon, 27 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1917968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1907594&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18949816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Priego Capote F, Sanchez JC Among post-translational modifications of proteins, non-enzymatic glycation is one of the less frequently studied by experts in proteomics. However, the relevance of protein glycation has been widely shown up in several pathological conditions. In fact, non-enzymatic glycation has been strongly related to hyperglycemic conditions and, thus, to chronic complications associated to diabetes mellitus and renal failure as well as degenerative changes occurring in the course of aging. Two different glycation levels are distinguished whether the structure of the protein is seriously damaged or not. The biochemical and clinical significance of both glycations have been already described. Several reasons have contributed to the lack of highly sensitive and s... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1907594 Thu, 23 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1907594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1907593&cid=s_36814_67_f&fid=36814&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18949817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Russell SC In recent years a major effort by several groups has been undertaken to identify bacteria by mass spectrometry at the single cell level. The intent of this review is to highlight the recent progress made in the application of single particle mass spectrometry to the analysis of microorganisms. A large portion of the review highlights improvements in the ionization and mass analysis of bio-aerosols, or particles that contain biologically relevant molecules such as peptides or proteins. While these are not direct applications to bacteria, the results have been central to a progression toward single cell mass spectrometry. Developments in single particle matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are summarized. Recent applications of aerosol laser desorption/... Mass Spectrometry Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1907593 Thu, 23 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1907593