MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Maternal and Child Nutrition' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 22:31:41 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650499&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00396.x AbstractA semi‐structured, web‐based questionnaire was developed to survey midwives (n = 241) employed by NHS Tayside, UK, to identify current practice and views on weight management of obese women during pregnancy and the puerperium. A total of 78 (32%) midwives submitted responses following email invitation. Most respondents (79%) reported always calculating women's body mass index (BMI) at booking, with 73% routinely explaining the BMI category. In terms of future practice for obese women, although few respondents (15%) currently offer personalised advice regarding weight management based on a woman's diet and physical activity levels, 77% of respondents thought such advice would be appropriate and 69% thought it could possibly be feasible to offer such advice. The respondents v... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650499 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5650499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585106&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00390.x The objective of this study was to develop a measure to evaluate women's experiences of expressing milk. Based on the available literature, we developed a brief measure of the Breast Milk Expression Experience (BMEE) assessing three dimensions: (1) social support for milk expression; (2) ease of learning how to express milk; and (3) personal experiences of milk expression. All items used 1–5 Likert scales, with higher scores indicating better experiences. We administered the items immediately after expression to 68 mothers who expressed milk post‐partum. We evaluated this measure for reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Mothers completing the BMEE were 57% primiparous with 75% vaginal births. The BMEE demonstrated appropriate reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.703 for the summary ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585106 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5585106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585105&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00392.x This study systematically examined state‐level laws protecting breastfeeding, including their current status and historical development, as well as identified gaps across US states and regions. The National Conference of State Legislatures summarised breastfeeding laws for 50 states and DC as of September 2010, which we updated through May 2011. We then searched LexisNexis and Westlaw to find the full text of laws, recording enactment dates and definitions. Laws were coded into five categories: (1) employers are encouraged or required to provide break time and private space for breastfeeding employees; (2) employers are prohibited from discriminating against breastfeeding employees; (3) breastfeeding is permitted in any public or private location; (4) breastfeeding is exempt from public ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585105 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5585105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585107&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00391.x AbstractSeveral recent studies have supported relations between infant behaviour (alertness and responsiveness) and nutrition in addition to investigating infant behaviour within the context of changes in iron status over time. Existing research is typically limited to the investigation of the effects of a single vitamin or mineral, and no studies have been found that examined the influence that early alertness and responsiveness have on growth in early infancy, despite the fact that relations between behaviour and nutritional status may be bidirectional. The current study used a sample of Ethiopian infants and investigated anthropometrics, haemoglobin, the frequency of alertness and the frequency of responsiveness at 6 and 9 months of age. Six‐month weight‐for‐age predicted 9‐mont... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585107 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5585107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650498&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00395.x AbstractThe influence of childhood nutrition on the development of constipation beyond the period of weaning and breastfeeding is relatively understudied. In addition, eating patterns in childhood can be highly correlated with overweight and sedentary behaviour, which may also have an influence on constipation. The aim of this study was to assess whether common dietary patterns, sedentary behaviour and childhood overweight are associated with constipation in childhood. The study was embedded in a population‐based prospective birth cohort. Information on dietary intake was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire at the child's age of 14 months (n = 2420). The adherence scores on a ‘Health conscious’ and ‘Western‐like’ diet were extracted from principal component analysis.... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650498 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5650498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639685&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00393.x AbstractLittle is known about the response of post‐partum women from deprived backgrounds to weight management interventions, however behavioural intervention trials in disadvantaged communities are often characterised by recruitment difficulties. Recruitment and retention is key to the robust conduct of an effective trial, and exploratory work is essential prior to a definitive randomised controlled trial. This paper describes strategies used to recruit to the WeighWell feasibility study, which aimed to recruit 60 overweight or obese post‐partum women living in areas of deprivation to a trial of a weight‐loss intervention. Recruitment strategies included the following: (1) distribution of posters and ‘business cards’; (2) newspaper advertisements; (3) visits to community groups;... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639685 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5639685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585104&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00389.x We examined the association of maternal anaemia and hypochromic microcytosis, an erythrocyte morphology consistent with iron deficiency, with child health and survival in the first two to five years of life. Repeated measures of maternal anaemia and hypochromic microcytosis from 840 HIV‐positive women enrolled in a clinical trial of vitamin supplementation were prospectively related to child mortality, HIV infection and CD4 T‐cell count. Median duration of follow‐up for the endpoints of child mortality, HIV infection and CD4 cell count was 58, 17 and 23 months, respectively. Maternal anaemia and hypochromic microcytosis were associated with greater risk of child mortality [hazard ratio (HR) for severe anaemia = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66–4.01, P trend < 0.0001;... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585104 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5585104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5527333&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00381.x The objective of this review was to consider the evidence of outcomes of structured compared with non‐structured breastfeeding programmes in acute maternity care settings to support initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Quantitative and qualitative studies were considered. Primary outcomes of interest were initiation of breastfeeding and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Studies that only considered community‐based interventions were excluded. An extensive search of literature published in 1992–2010 was undertaken using identified key words and index terms. Methodological quality was assessed using checklists developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Two independent reviewers conducted critical appraisal and data extraction; 26 articles were included. Because of clin... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5527333 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 15:23:00 +0100 5527333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5527335&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00372.x AbstractAvailability and consumption of fruits and vegetables were assessed in peri‐urban households in KwaZulu‐Natal Province, South Africa. Caregivers of 400 randomly selected grade 6 and 7 learners were interviewed using a questionnaire that included unquantified food frequency questions. Using a repeated 24‐h dietary recall, dietary intake was quantified for learners, caregivers and 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children in the household. Usual household fruit and vegetable consumption was expressed over three Living Standard Measure (LSM) categories. Average per capita intake of fruit and/or vegetables was 99 g for 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children and 124 g for caregivers. For consumers, fruits and/or vegetables contributed towards total dietary intake of fibre (16–21%), calcium (... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5527335 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5527335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5527334&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00378.x AbstractThis paper presents a new conceptual model that generates predictions about breastfeeding decisions and identifies interactions that affect outcomes. We offer a contextual approach to infant feeding that models multi‐directional influences by expanding on the evolutionary parent–offspring conflict and situation‐specific breastfeeding theories. The main hypothesis generated from our framework suggests that simultaneously addressing breastfeeding costs and benefits, in relation to how they are interpreted by mothers, will be most effective. Our approach focuses on contributors to the attitudes and commitment underlying breastfeeding outcomes, beginning in the prenatal period. We conclude that some maternal–offspring conflict is inherent with the dynamic infant feeding relatio... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5527334 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5527334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506978&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00382.x AbstractUse of nutritional labels in choosing food is associated with healthier eating habits including lower fat intake. Current public health efforts are focusing on the revamping of nutritional labels to make them easier to read and use for the consumer. The study aims to assess the frequency of use of nutritional labels and awareness of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutritional programmes by low‐income women including those participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) as surveyed in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. Many low‐income women do not regularly use the nutrition facts panel information on the food label and less than half had heard of the USDA Dietary Guidelines for A... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506978 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 15:34:43 +0100 5506978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506979&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00380.x AbstractEight World Health Organization (WHO) feeding indicators (FIs) and Demographic and Health Survey data for children <24 months were used to assess the relationship of child feeding with stunting and underweight in 14 poor countries. Also assessed were the correlations of FI with country gross national income (GNI). Prevalence of underweight and stunting increased with age and ≥50% of 12–23‐month children were stunted. About 66% of babies received solids by sixth to eighth months; 91% were still breastfeeding through months 12–15. Approximately half of the children were fed with complementary foods at the recommended daily frequency, but <25% met food diversity recommendations. GNI was negatively correlated with a breastfeeding index (P < 0.01) but not with other... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506979 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5506979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506980&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00386.x AbstractStudies of women's experiences of being overweight and pregnant are limited in the literature. Given the increasing rates of obesity in pregnant women, and the impact of being overweight on the health of the mother and the child, this qualitative descriptive study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of overweight pregnant women attending two maternity units in Sydney, Australia. Fourteen women aged between 25 and 42 years with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 participated in a face‐to‐face interview in their third trimester of pregnancy or in the early post‐natal period. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Field notes were also recorded following each interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified in the data... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506980 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5506980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478271&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00387.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478271 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:41:00 +0100 5478271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478270&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00388.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478270 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:40:58 +0100 5478270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478269&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00331.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478269 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:40:57 +0100 5478269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478268&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00365.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478268 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:40:38 +0100 5478268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478267&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00343.x AbstractVitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevalence in Sub‐Saharan Africa is high in spite of vitamin A supplementation programmes among children in most countries. Plant‐based complementary foods remain the key source of nutrients in addition to breast milk for infants in lower income countries. Cereal‐legume blends are superior in protein and energy densities compared with maize, millet or sorghum‐only porridge. However, unfortified cereal‐legume and cereal‐only porridges are low in vitamin A. A household‐level sweet potato‐based infant food, rich in vitamin A, has been developed to complement vitamin A supplementation initiatives in Sub‐Saharan Africa. A composite flour containing sweet potato, soybean, soybean oil and fishmeal was processed as complementary food by oven toa... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478267 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 15:39:31 +0100 5478267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450454&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00327.x AbstractVitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Vitamin D insufficiency has been well described in many populations of both pregnant and non‐pregnant women of childbearing age, but there is a lack of data on women living in South‐East Asia. We measured plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in a representative sample of pregnant (n = 64) and non‐pregnant (n = 477) women (15–49 years) living in Hanoi City (n = 270) and rural Hai Duong Province (n = 271) in northern Vietnam. Mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (95% confidence interval) concentration was 81 (79, 84) nmol L−1. Mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration differed between urban and rural (78 vs. 85 nmol L−1; P = 0.016), farming an... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450454 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5450454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450453&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00360.x AbstractCurrent UK Department of Health guidelines recommend that infants are introduced to complementary foods at around 6 months of age. Intake of complementary foods should be gradual, should incorporate a range of tastes and should be based around family foods. The infant should be ‘developmentally ready’, able to sit up, grasp objects and chew. Introduction to complementary foods in the UK is typically via purée and spoon‐feeding although an alternative approach is growing in popularity. The baby‐led weaning approach advocates bypassing purées and allowing infants to self‐feed foods in their solid form from the start of weaning. Research surrounding this method is sparse, and it is not advocated in Department of Health literature but understanding, if not advocacy of the m... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450453 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5450453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450452&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00359.x AbstractThe social determinants of health are increasingly receiving international attention since the publication of the World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health in 2008. How different determinants affect health is much debated. Contrasting suggestions include, for example, a major link with socio‐economic inequalities, lack of social status and psychosocial stress or the extent of the welfare state. Others emphasise the need to understand the socio‐cultural contexts of specific situations. Diet‐related health is a good example of the relationship between poor health outcomes and deprivation. The aim of this paper is to explore the specific conditions and contexts that might reduce or exacerbate the provision of a healthy diet to children under 5 y... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450452 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5450452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433027&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00376.x AbstractThe adequate supply of vitamins A and E to newborns is essential. However, factors such as maternal nutritional status and nutrient interaction may limit its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to establish nutritional status for vitamins A and E and evaluate the correlation of retinol on colostrum alpha‐tocopherol in lactating women. A total of 103 lactating women were recruited at a Brazilian public maternity hospital. Fasting serum and colostrum samples were collected in the immediate post‐partum. Retinol and alpha‐tocopherol levels were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and nutritional status for these vitamins was defined from specific cut‐off points for serum and colostrum. Mean serum and colostrum retinol (1.49 µmol L−1, 2.18 µmo... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433027 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5433027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433026&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00369.x AbstractThere are potential health risks associated with the use of early weaning to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource‐poor settings. Our objective was to examine growth and nutrient inadequacies among a cohort of children weaned early. Children participating in the Breastfeeding Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) Study in Lilongwe, Malawi, had HIV‐infected mothers, were weaned at 6 months and fed LNS until 12 months. 40 HIV‐negative, BAN‐exited children were compared with 40 HIV‐negative, community children matched on age, gender and local health clinic. Nutrient intake was calculated from 24‐h dietary recalls collected from BAN‐exited children. Anthropometric measurements were collected from BAN‐exited and matched ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433026 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5433026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5390504&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00362.x AbstractDespite being an important component of Pakistan's primary health care programme, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months remain among the lowest in the world. Low levels of literacy in women and deeply held cultural beliefs and practices have been found to contribute to the ineffectiveness of routine counselling delivered universally by community health workers in Pakistan. We aimed to address this by incorporating techniques of cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) into the routine counselling process. We conducted qualitative studies of stakeholders' opinions (mothers, community health workers, their trainers and programme managers) and used this data to develop a psycho‐educational approach that combined education with techniques of CBT that could be integrated into ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5390504 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5390504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350000&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00347.x AbstractConsiderable evidence suggests that fathers' absence from home has a negative short‐ and long‐term impact on children's health, psychosocial development, cognition and educational experience. We assessed the impact of father presence during infancy and childhood on children's height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ) at 5 years old. We conducted secondary data analysis from a 15‐year cohort study (Young Lives) focusing on one of four Young Lives countries (Peru, n = 1821). When compared with children who saw their fathers on a daily or weekly basis during infancy and childhood, children who did not see their fathers regularly at either period had significantly lower HAZ scores (−0.23, P = 0.0094) after adjusting for maternal age, wealth and other contextual factors. Resu... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350000 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5350000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298352&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00341.x This study utilized data from a prospective birth cohort study on 568 Indian children, to determine whether a longer duration of breastfeeding and later introduction of solid feeding were associated with a reduced higher body mass index (BMI) and less adiposity. Main outcomes were high BMI (>90th within‐cohort sex‐specific BMI percentile) and sum of skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) at age 5. Main exposures were breastfeeding (six categories from 1–4 to ≥21 months) and age of starting regular solid feeding (four categories from ≤3 to ≥6 months). Data on infant‐feeding practices, socio‐economic and maternal factors were collected by questionnaire. Birthweight, maternal and child anthropometry were measured. Multiple regression analysis that accounted for potent... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298352 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298351&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00334.x This study explored the perspectives of employers on mother‐friendly environments to assess their readiness to provide breastfeeding accommodation using the elicitation under the theory of planned behaviour. Researchers conducted phone/in‐person interviews with a convenient sample of 20 human resource managers from companies that had 500 or more employees in the New York metropolitan area in 2009. Content analyses identified the common concepts that represent underlying beliefs of the constructs of the theory. The demography of the participants is 40% male and 80% White, with mean ages of 34.3 ± 8.5 years. ‘Happy employees’ and ‘high retention rate and improved loyalty’ were the most frequently mentioned (95%) benefits to the company (behavioural beliefs). Supporters of a ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298351 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298350&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00338.x AbstractIron supplementation for women of reproductive age is a main part of an interdisciplinary strategy recommended for the control and prevention of iron deficiency and the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate iron‐deficiency anaemia. This systematic review reports the findings from a meta‐synthesis of qualitative data concerning the experiences and perceptions of iron supplementation among women of reproductive age and health service providers worldwide. Qualitative systematic review methods were used to conduct a search of published literature, define inclusion and exclusion criteria, appraise quality of studies and extract data on the use of iron supplementation among women of reproductive age. Coding, thematic analysis, reciprocal translation and line of argument synthesis were us... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298350 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450451&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00358.x AbstractBreastfeeding peer support has been identified as a key intervention to help improve breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding rates. The World Health Organization, and, in the UK, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, recommend the implementation of sustainable peer support programmes. As part of an evaluation into a comprehensive breastfeeding peer support service in north‐west England, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 47 women who had received a breastfeeding peer support service. In this paper, we have drawn upon the work of Morse and colleagues to interpret the data in relation to behavioural manifestations of hope, together with insights into the strategies used by the peer supporters to augment hopefulness for women's breastfeeding goals. Thes... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450451 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5450451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443290&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00377.x AbstractCaregiver and child behaviours during feeding have been used to measure responsiveness, which has been recognised as important for child growth and development. The aims of this study were to understand how caregiver and child behaviours differ when feeding lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) vs. local complementary food and to detect associations between behaviours and child interest in food. Sixteen moderately underweight 6–17‐month‐old Malawian children receiving 50 g/day of supplementary LNS for 12 weeks were videotaped during LNS (n = 32) and local complementary feeding (n = 28) episodes. Behaviours were coded at the level of the intended bite (1674 total bites). The analysis used regression models adjusted for within‐subject correlation. Caregivers we... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443290 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5443290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433025&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00373.x This study aimed to compare mothers' attitudes towards and knowledge of breastfeeding before and after undertaking Breastfeeding Network (BfN) peer supporter training. This study used a quasi‐experimental design to investigate levels of breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes in 28 women, immediately before and after the BfN peer supporter (Helper) training programme. Data were collected using the Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Mothers had high baseline scores for attitude (88.8%) and knowledge (76.4%). After training 78% of mothers improved their attitude scores. The mean difference in attitude scores was 4.9%, which was statistically significant (t = 4.44, P < 0.001). Ninety‐six per cent of mothers had increased their knowledge scores. The mean difference in knowledge score... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433025 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5390503&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00374.x AbstractFatty acid concentrations in blood are potential biomarkers of dietary fat intake, but methodological studies among children are scarce. The large number of fatty acids and their complex interrelationships pose a special challenge in research on fatty acids. Our target was to assess the interrelationships between the total fatty acid profiles in diet and serum of young children. The study subjects were healthy control children from the birth cohort of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. A 3‐day food record and a frozen serum sample were available from 135 children at the age of 1 year, from 133 at 2 years, and from 92 at 3 years. The relationship between dietary and serum fatty acid profiles was analysed using canonical correlation analysis. The consumption... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5390503 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5390503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366134&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00337.x AbstractFeeding infants with maize can expose them to fumonisin mycotoxins. We assessed fumonisin exposure from complementary foods in rural Tanzania and determined strategies to reduce the exposure. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in four villages of Tarakea division, Northern Tanzania. We used a repeat 24‐hour dietary recall to collect data of maize consumption as complementary food for 254 infants aged 6–8 months. Fumonisin concentrations in the maize were also estimated. Fumonisin exposure was assessed using @risk analysis software. With the software, several maximum fumonisin contamination and maize consumption patterns were combined in order to determine effective strategies for minimizing fumonisin exposure. Of the infants, 89% consumed maize at amounts up to 158 g/pers... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366134 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5349999&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00364.x This study suggests that low maternal RBC folate and high homocysteine values in mid pregnancy are associated with subsequent reduced fetal growth. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5349999 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5349999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325650&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00361.x In conclusion, this study revealed that both individual‐ and community‐level factors are significant determinants of childhood stunting in Nigeria. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325650 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298349&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00346.x AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), 46% of adult females in Egypt are obese. This research was aimed at documenting obesity trends and identifying the populations most at risk for obesity. Using data from the 1995 and 2005 Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys a linear model was employed to seek associations between household wealth, urban/rural residence, governorate of residence, employment status, parity and age and increases in body mass index (BMI) among married Egyptian women between the ages of 15–49. Between 1995 and 2005, the mean BMI of women of reproductive age in Egypt increased from 26.31 to 28.52. Although there was an overall trend towards greater obesity between 1995 and 2005, older women residing in rural, poor households became obese at a faster ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298349 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5287878&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00325.x AbstractExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is rarely practiced despite its significant child survival benefits. A key constraint to increasing EBF rates in Zimbabwe and most of the developing world is that key decision makers (fathers/partners and other family members) are often poorly informed about EBF and do not attend antenatal clinics where health information is routinely provided. Informed by formative research, a district‐wide campaign was conducted in rural Zimbabwe to encourage EBF and expressing and heat treating (EHT) breast milk as a means to maintain EBF. The campaign combined traditional strategies of education, counselling and outreach through health service delivery with a novel road show ‘edutainment’ intervention to reach men and other community members. A post campaign ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5287878 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5287878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5262902&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00339.x We examined anaemia trends using data from the Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys. Between 2000 and 2005, the prevalence of anaemia (defined as haemoglobin concentrations <11 g dL−1) increased from 37.04% to over 52% among Egyptian children between 12 months and 36 months of age. We examined the associations of these changes with food consumption, vitamin A administration, recent illness, immunization status, socio‐demographic factors and a child's anaemic status. Children under the age of 24 months who had recently been sick and those who resided in Upper Egypt were significantly more likely to be anaemic. Despite significant improvements in water and sanitation facilities, maternal education and asset‐based household wealth, there were marked declines in the consumption... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5262902 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 15:57:12 +0100 5262902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5262905&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00333.x AbstractImproving the nutritional status of infants and young children in developing countries depends to a significant extent on adoption of optimal nutrition‐related practices within the context of the household. Most policies, research and programmes on child nutrition in non‐Western societies focus narrowly on the mother–child dyad and fail to consider the wider household and community environments in which other actors, hierarchical patterns of authority and informal communication networks operate and influence such practices. In particular, the role and influence of senior women, or grandmothers, has received limited attention. Research dealing with child nutrition from numerous socio‐cultural settings in Africa, Asia and Latin America reveals three common patterns related to... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5262905 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5262905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5262904&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00335.x AbstractBreastfeeding rates in the United States are low, and one possible reason may be the high prevalence of overweight/obesity among women of childbearing age. This analysis examined the association between pregravid body mass index and breastfeeding duration, and explored whether depressive symptoms, perceived stress and anxiety during pregnancy mediated this relationship. Participants (n = 550) in the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Postpartum Study were recruited through prenatal clinics prior to 20 weeks gestation and followed to 12 months post‐partum. Duration of any breastfeeding was categorized as none, less than 4 months, 4–6 months, 7–12 months and more than 12 months (referent). Exclusive breastfeeding was categorized as less than 1 month, 1 to less than 4 months... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5262904 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5262904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5262903&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00340.x The objective of this study was to assess whether there was any benefit to identify malnourished children with a high risk of death to combine these two diagnostic criteria. Data of a longitudinal study examining the relationship between anthropometry and mortality in rural Senegal and predating the development of community‐based management of SAM were used for this study. First, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of MUAC and of WHZ to predict mortality were drawn, and then the points corresponding to WHZ less than –3 and/or MUAC less than 115 mm were positioned in relation to these curves. MUAC had the highest ROC curve, which indicates that it identifies high‐risk children better than WHZ. Both points representing WHZ less than –3 and/or MUAC less than 115 mm ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5262903 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5262903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212084&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00363.x AbstractSince 2002, the World Health Organization and many governments and professional associations have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months followed by complementary feeding (giving solid foods alongside breast milk) as optimal infant feeding practice. Several articles have been published challenging this recommendation. Arguably, the most influential has been the 2008 commentary of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition, which recommended that complementary foods should be introduced to all infants between 17 and 26 weeks. We challenge the validity of ESPGHAN's position, questioning the adequacy of the literature search, the interpretation and evidence used to reach their conclusions and the balance of ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212084 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 06:11:22 +0100 5212084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212083&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00342.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212083 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 06:11:20 +0100 5212083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090110&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00345.x AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status and cognitive performance of women and their 5‐year‐old children using a cross‐sectional design. Cognitive performance of mothers and children was assessed with Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children‐II (KABC‐II). Demographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and anthropometry were also measured. Four rural districts in Sidama, southern Ethiopia served as the setting for this study. Subjects were one hundred women and their 5‐year‐old children. Mean ± standard deviation age of the mothers was 29 ± 6 years and family size was 7.0 ± 2.6. Maternal body mass index (BMI) ranged from 15.3 to 29.0 with 14% of the mothers having BMI < 1... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090110 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058535&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00344.x AbstractWe sought to assess the relationship between acculturative type and breastfeeding outcomes among low‐income Latinas, utilising a multidimensional assessment of acculturation. We analysed data derived from a breastfeeding peer counselling randomised trial. Acculturation was assessed during pregnancy using a modified Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans scale. Analyses were restricted to Latinas who completed the acculturation scale and had post‐partum breastfeeding data (n = 114). Cox survival analyses were conducted to evaluate differences in breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity by acculturative type. Participants were classified as integrated‐high (23.7%, n = 27), traditional Hispanic (36.8%, n = 42), integrated‐low (12.3%, n = 14) and ass... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058535 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5023052&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00332.x This study explores mothers' experiences of infant feeding after receiving peer counselling promoting exclusive breast or formula feeding. This qualitative study was embedded in a cluster randomized peer counselling intervention trial in South Africa that aimed to evaluate the effect of peer counselling on EBF. Participants were selected from the three districts that were part of the trial reflecting different socio‐economic conditions, rural–urban locations and HIV prevalence rates. Seventeen HIV‐positive and ‐negative mothers allocated to intervention clusters were recruited. Despite perceived health and economic benefits of breastfeeding, several barriers to EBF remained, which contributed to a preference for mixed feeding. The understanding of the promotional message of ‘excl... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5023052 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5023052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963291&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00330.x This study demonstrates that delivery in homes and private hospitals are potential markers for severe undernutrition in early infancy in this urban population and merits closer attention in any early nutritional intervention in comparable settings of low‐income countries. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963291 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 14:19:01 +0100 4963291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4956107&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00223.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4956107 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 21:24:09 +0100 4956107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4956106&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00329.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4956106 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 21:24:08 +0100 4956106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4956105&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00336.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4956105 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 21:24:02 +0100 4956105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963292&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00328.x AbstractBreastfeeding is a practice which is promoted and scrutinized in the UK and internationally. In this paper, we use interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the experiences of eight British first‐time mothers who struggled with breastfeeding in the early post‐partum period. Participants kept audio‐diary accounts of their infant feeding experiences across a 7‐day period immediately following the birth of their infant and took part in related semi‐structured interviews a few days after completion of the diary. The overarching theme identified was of a tension between the participants' lived, embodied experience of struggling to breastfeed and the cultural construction of breastfeeding as ‘natural’ and trouble‐free. Participants reported particular difficulti... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963292 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4963292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4737603&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00297.x AbstractWe tested the acceptability of three new lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNSs) in two independent phases among 18 8–12‐month‐old healthy rural Malawians and their caregivers. In phase 1, acceptability was assessed by offering three new LNSs in random order, and an LNS already determined to be acceptable, Nutributter®, each added to 30 g of warm maize porridge over three consecutive days. In phase 2, infants from each village were provided one of the new supplements for a 2‐week home‐use trial. Outcome measures included the amount consumed, time completion of the dose and the maternal rating of likeability on a 5‐point scale. The supplements were rated acceptable if consumption was over 50% of the offered dose in phase 1. The mean (95% confidence interval) proport... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4737603 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4737603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879417&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00322.x We examined the role of selected socio‐economic, demographic and health factors as determinants of nutritional status among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected mothers in rural Kenya and further examined the interrelationship between maternal nutritional and child nutritional status within this population. A cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from non‐pregnant mothers with children ages 4–24 months in Kisumu District, Kenya. Over 80% of the mothers were breastfeeding at the time of the study. Mean maternal body mass index (BMI) (21.60 ± 3.15) and percent body fat (22.29 ± 4.86) values were lower than among lactating mothers in other Sub‐Sahara African countries. Maternal HIV status was not significantly associated with any of the maternal nutritional indica... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879417 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4866708&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00326.x AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine infant feeding and the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) concentration of breast milk and formulas in relation to infant development. The prospective Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Study (n = 358) collected data on breastfeeding, breast milk samples and the formulas fed through 4 months post‐partum. At 12 months of age, infants' development was assessed (Mullen Scales of Early Learning). Linear regression was used to examine development in relation to breastfeeding, breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentration, and DHA and AA concentration from the combination of breast milk and formula. The median breast milk DHA concentration was 0.20% of total fatty acids [interquartile range (IQR... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4866708 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4866708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4737602&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00321.x AbstractIdentification of factors that predict a woman's infant feeding choice is important for breastfeeding promotion programmes. We analysed a subsample of children under 2 years of age from the most recent Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) to assess breastfeeding practices and factors associated with suboptimal practices. SLDHS 2006–2007 used a stratified two‐stage cluster sample of ever‐married women aged 15–49 years. Breastfeeding indicators were estimated for the last‐born children (n = 2735). Selected indicators were examined against independent variables through cross‐tabulations and multivariate analyses. Of the sample, 83.3% initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of birth. Continuation rates declined from 92.6% in first year to 83.5% in second year. E... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4737602 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4737602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623887&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00293.x In conclusion, the dose‐to‐the‐mother deuterium‐oxide turnover technique can be applied to validate the mother's reports of infant‐feeding practices, but non‐breast milk water intake by breastfeeding category still needs to be normalized. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623887 Tue, 22 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4623887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602471&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00323.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602471 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 20:03:35 +0100 4602471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602470&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00216.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602470 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 20:03:34 +0100 4602470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602469&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00324.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602469 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 20:03:34 +0100 4602469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602468&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00292.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602468 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 20:03:33 +0100 4602468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537505&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00305.x AbstractFat intake may be low in low‐income countries and little information is available on its composition in terms of (n‐3) and (n‐6) fatty acids (FA). As a result, long chain poly‐unsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) status is a concern, especially in settings where fish intake is low and/or common sources of fat have a low alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) and high linoleic acid (LA) content. High LA levels, as found for instance in sunflower, safflower, corn, peanut and soy oils, may inhibit the conversion of ALA into its LC‐PUFA derivatives. Other factors that affect LA and ALA conversion into LC‐PUFA, including genetic factors, are little known and should also be investigated in different populations. Different interventions that could feasibly improve LC‐PUFA status in low‐i... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537505 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:43 +0100 4537505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537504&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00302.x AbstractWith increasing interest in the potential effects of n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids in early life, there is a need for data on the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in low‐income countries. This review compiles information on the content in breast milk and in foods that are important in the diets of low‐income countries from the few studies available. We also estimate the availability of fat and fatty acids in 13 low‐income and middle‐income countries based on national food balance sheets from the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database (FOASTAT). Breast milk docosahexaenoic acid content is very low in populations living mainly on a plant‐based diet, but higher in fish‐eating countries. Per capita supply of fat and n‐3 fa... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537504 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:42 +0100 4537504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537503&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00318.x AbstractUnderstanding of the importance of dietary fatty acids has grown beyond a simple source of energy to complex roles in regulating gene expression and cell and intracellular communication. This is important because the metabolic and neuroendocrine environment of the fetus and infant plays a key role in guiding the set point of neural receptors that regulate energy homeostasis and expression of genes that control energy storage and oxidation. Early deviations in these pathways have the potential to lead to lasting adaptations, termed metabolic programming, which may combine to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in later life. The quality of fatty acids in human diets has undergone major changes in the last 50 years, characterized by an increase in ω‐6 and decrease in ω‐3 fa... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537503 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:40 +0100 4537503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537502&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00312.x AbstractMaternal mental health (MMH) problems are a major public health concern with adverse consequences for women, their offspring and families. Intake of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the n‐3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid, which are found predominantly in cold water fish, has been associated with a range of mental health outcomes and may improve MMH. The demands for these fatty acids are increased during pregnancy and lactation, and may influence MMH as they are integral parts of cell membranes especially in the brain and play a role in physiological processes such as membrane fluidity and neurotransmitter function. Observational studies and intervention trials that have examined the role of fatty acids and MMH disorders especi... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537502 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:39 +0100 4537502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537501&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00313.x AbstractIn vitro and animal studies point to numerous mechanisms by which fatty acids, especially long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), can modulate the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. These data strongly suggest that improving the fatty acid supply of young children in low‐income countries might have immune benefits. Unfortunately, there have been virtually no studies of fatty acid/immune interactions in such settings. Clinical trial registers list over 150 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving PUFAs, only one in a low‐income setting (the Gambia). We summarize those results here. There was evidence for improved growth and nutritional status, but the primary end point of chronic environmental enteropathy showed no benefit, possibly because the infant... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537501 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:37 +0100 4537501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537500&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00304.x AbstractMany studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation during the perinatal period on the growth and neurobehavioural development of young children. Most of these intervention trials have involved infants from high‐income countries, and a significant proportion have investigated supplementation of infant formulas. Generally, supplementation of infant formula for preterm rather than term infants has demonstrated more consistent, positive effects on aspects of neurobehavioural development, while the growth of both term and preterm infants appears unaffected by LCPUFA supplementation. Maternal n‐3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy has consistently resulted in modest increases in birth size, and the... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537500 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:34 +0100 4537500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537499&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00301.x AbstractScores of animal studies demonstrate that seed oils replete with linoleic acid and very low in linolenic acid fed as the exclusive source of fat through pregnancy and lactation result in visual, cognitive, and behavioural deficits in the offspring. Commodity peanut, sunflower, and safflower oils fed to mother rats, guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys, and baboons induce predictable changes in tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition that are abnormal in free‐living land mammals as well as changes in neurotransmitter levels, catecholamines, and signalling compounds compared with animals with a supply of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. These diets consistently induce functional deficits in electroretinograms, reflex responses, reward or avoidance induced learning, maze learning, behav... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537499 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:32 +0100 4537499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537498&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00303.x AbstractThe present review of determinants of infant fatty acid status was undertaken as part of a conference on ‘Fatty acid status in early life in low‐income countries: determinants and consequences’. Emphasis is placed on the essential fatty acids, and particularly the physiologically important long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) of 20 and 22 carbons. We are unaware of any studies of determinants of infant fatty acid status in populations with a cultural dietary pattern with low amounts of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA,18:3n‐3). Many reports suggest that there may be adverse health effects related to the increased proportion of LA in relation to ALA, which have occurred worldwide due to the increased availability of vegetable oils high i... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537498 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:30 +0100 4537498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537497&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00319.x AbstractBlood and tissue contents of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and long‐chain PUFA (LC‐PUFA) are related to numerous health outcomes including cardiovascular health, allergies, mental health and cognitive development. Evidence has accumulated to show that in addition to diet, common polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster have very marked effects on human PUFA and LC‐PUFA status. Recent results suggest that in addition to fatty acid desaturase 1 and fatty acid desaturase 2, the gene product of fatty acid desaturase 3 is associated with desaturating activity. New data have become available to show that FADS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) also modulate docosahexaenoic acid status in pregnancy as well as LC‐PUFA levels in children and in human mi... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537497 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:23 +0100 4537497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537496&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00299.x AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been a marked shift in the fatty acid composition of the diets of industrialized nations towards increased intake of the n‐6 fatty acid linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6), largely as a result of the replacement of saturated fats with plant‐based polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). While health agencies internationally continue to advocate for high n‐6 PUFA intake combined with increased intakes of preformed n‐3 long‐chain PUFAs (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are questions as to whether this is the best approach. LA competes with alpha‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3) for endogenous conversion to the LC derivatives EPA and DHA... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537496 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:28:10 +0100 4537496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537495&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00300.x AbstractLipids are a complex group of biomolecules whose precise functions remain poorly understood. As a result of this poor understanding, it is difficult to make mechanistically based recommendations for appropriate dietary intakes. It is equally difficult to develop methods that are capable of diagnosing functional impairments because of insufficiencies or excesses in particular fatty acids. Lipids are abundant building blocks of cellular membranes, supply components for lipid particle assembly and substrates for metabolic fuel, and provide a precursor pool for an astonishingly diverse range of signalling molecules. In each of these broad functions, the functional consequences of different structures of fatty acids are not fully understood. According to research on membrane functions t... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537495 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:27:58 +0100 4537495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537494&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00320.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537494 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 22:27:56 +0100 4537494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503872&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00295.x The objective of this paper is to describe patterns of weight change in the six sites of the World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) and explore variables that explain variation in weight change within and between sites. Mothers of 1743 breastfed children enrolled in the MGRS had weights measured at days 7, 14, 28 and 42 post‐partum, monthly from 2 to 12 months and bimonthly thereafter until 24 months post‐partum. Height, maternal age, parity and employment status were recorded and breastfeeding was monitored throughout the follow‐up. Weight change patterns varied significantly among sites. Ghanaian and Omani mothers lost little or gained weight post‐partum. In Brazil, India, Norway and USA, mothers on average lost weight during the first year foll... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503872 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4503872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503871&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00298.x AbstractThe double‐burden problem of malnutrition in many developing countries is occurring against a backdrop of complex changes in the socio‐economic and cultural environment. One such change is the increasing rate of female employment, a change that has attracted researchers to explore the possible relationships between maternal employment and child nutritional status. The present study employs a qualitative approach to explore the socio‐economic and cultural environments that may influence child‐care practices in families of working and non‐working mothers with children of different nutritional status and types of domestic caregiver. It was conducted in Depok, a satellite city of Jakarta, Indonesia, and was designed as a case study involving 26 middle class families. The chil... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503871 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4503871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503870&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00294.x In conclusion, rural Malawian infants receiving 12‐month daily supplementation of their diet either with the tested lipid‐based nutrient supplements or fortified corn‐soy flour have comparable development outcomes by 18 months of age. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503870 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4503870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4503873&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2011.00314.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4503873 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4503873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4491564&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00296.x AbstractNew pre‐school UK charts have been produced incorporating the new World Health Organization growth standards based on healthy breastfed infants. This paper describes the process by which the charts and evidence‐based instructions were designed and evaluated, and what it revealed about professional understanding of charts and growth monitoring. A multidisciplinary expert group drew on existing literature, new data analyses and parent focus groups as well as two series of chart‐plotting workshops for health staff. The first series explored possible design features and general chart understanding. The second evaluated an advanced prototype with instructions, using plotting and interpretation of three separate scenarios on the old charts, compared with the new charts. The first p... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4491564 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4491564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485681&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00283.x This study aimed to compare the nutritional intake values among 15‐month‐old rural Malawian children obtained by weighed food record (WFR) with those obtained by modified 24‐hour recall (mod 24‐HR), and to develop algorithm for adjusting mod 24‐HR values so as to predict mean intake based on WFRs. The study participants were 169 15‐month‐old children who participated in a clinical trial. Food consumption on one day was observed and weighed (established criterion) by a research assistant to provide the estimates of energy and nutrient intakes. On the following day, another research assistant, blinded to the direct observation, conducted the structured interactive 24‐hour recall (24‐HR) interview (test method). Paired t‐tests and scatter‐plots were used to compare intak... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485681 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4485681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4286460&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00286.x The objective of the study was to test the acceptability of LNS designed for infants (LNS‐20gM) and pregnant or lactating women (LNS‐P&L). Participants were infants (n = 22, mean age = 8 months) and pregnant or lactating women (n = 24) attending routine services at a hospital in Ghana. Infants consumed 45 g of a test meal consisting of one part LNS‐20gM and three parts fermented maize porridge, while women consumed 50 g of a similar test meal containing LNS‐P&L instead. Participants also used their respective LNS at home for 14 days. Primary outcome was the proportion of the test meal consumed. On average, infants consumed 76.2% of the test meal [95% (confidence interval) CI: 65.7, 86.7], while women consumed 87.1% (95% CI: 82.6, 91.6). During the 14‐day p... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4286460 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4286460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4279180&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00288.x AbstractFuran is a possible human carcinogen regularly occurring in commercially jarred complementary foods. This paper will provide a detailed exposure assessment for babies consuming these foods considering different intake scenarios. The occurrence data on furan in complementary foods were based on our own headspace‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS‐GC/MS) analytical results (n = 286). The average furan content in meals and menus was between 20 and 30 µg kg−1, which is in excellent agreement with results from other European countries. Using measured food consumption data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study, the average exposures for consumers of commercially jarred foods ranged between 182 and 688 ng kg−1 bw... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4279180 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4279180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273679&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00290.x AbstractAssessing micronutrient status in children may also have the benefit of addressing the problems of various micronutrient deficiencies with a unified programmatic approach on a public health scale. A cross‐sectional survey in the Galle district of the micronutrient and anthropometric status of 248 children of ages 3–5 years was performed to determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies [iron, zinc (Zn), folate, calcium, caeruloplasmin, iodine, vitamin A and vitamin D] and the extent to which multiple micronutrient deficiencies coexist. The prevalence of anaemia [haemogbolin (Hb) < 110.0 g L−1] was 34.0% in males and 33.0% in females (overall 33.5%, gender difference, P = 0.92). In anaemic children, 7.0% of males and 15.0% of females were iron deficient ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273679 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4273679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4261300&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00287.x AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies are a public health concern among young children in low‐income countries, and novel strategies are needed to improve the nutritional status of children at risk. One promising approach is the use of lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS), which can be added to complementary food at the time of consumption. The optimal amount of zinc to include in LNS is uncertain, and concerns have been expressed about possible adverse effects of zinc on sensory characteristics of LNS. We conducted a series of acceptability studies of LNS containing either 0 or 10 mg of zinc per daily 20 g LNS dose among Burkinabe children 9–15 months old and their mothers. These acceptability studies included observations of children's consumption, maternal and child sensory rea... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4261300 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4261300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4247316&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00244.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4247316 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 20:15:47 +0100 4247316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4247315&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00291.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4247315 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 20:15:46 +0100 4247315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4247314&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00289.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4247314 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 20:15:45 +0100 4247314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4247313&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00284.x AbstractDetermining early‐life risk factors for obesity in later life is essential in order to effectively target preventative interventions to reduce obesity. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate current evidence to determine whether the timing of introducing solid foods is associated with obesity in infancy and childhood. Relevant randomized and observational studies from developed countries were identified by searching the following six bio‐medical databases (Medline, Embase, British Nursing Index, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, and PsycINFO) and hand‐searching reference lists. Studies of pre‐term or low birthweight infants were excluded. Twenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Data from over 34 000 participants were avai... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4247313 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 20:15:41 +0100 4247313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4247312&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00278.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4247312 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 20:15:40 +0100 4247312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176896&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00279.x AbstractExpressing human milk has become a more common alternative for mothers, as the average work demand has increased. As more mothers must work, bottle feeding trends are increasingly common. The handling and storage of human milk introduce the risk of degradation to expressed human milk and infant formula. In following a 20‐minute simulated feeding, Vitamin C has been found to degrade. Vitamin C acts as an anti‐oxidant and is responsible for shielding other nutrients from oxidation, such as retinol and alpha‐tocopherol. By analyzing a 20‐minute simulated feeding, retinol and alpha‐tocopherol each displayed decreases over time significantly different than that of the Control, which was milk not exposed to bottle feeding. In human milk, retinol showed as high as a 9.5% decreas... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176896 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4176896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4146417&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00271.x AbstractMaternal periconceptual folate supplementation reduces the incidence of neural tube defects; however, in settings where population‐level food fortification is not available, it is not clear how best to promote this prevention strategy. Guided by a knowledge‐to‐action methodology, we used mixed quantitative and qualitative methods to define the local disease burden, then designed, implemented and evaluated a culturally tailored educational intervention in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where resource limitations and threats to human security contribute to restricted capacity for the prevention and management of congenital malformations. A descriptive case series of 27 patients undergoing surgery for spina bifida demonstrated a short‐term mortality of 15% and long‐te... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4146417 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4146417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112470&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00282.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112470 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4112470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4007528&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00272.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4007528 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 16:26:54 +0100 4007528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4007527&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00277.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4007527 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 16:26:54 +0100 4007527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4007526&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00275.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4007526 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 16:26:53 +0100 4007526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3893675&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00266.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3893675 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 07:07:09 +0100 3893675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3893674&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00274.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3893674 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 07:07:09 +0100 3893674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3819155&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00265.x Supplementation with lipid-based nutrient supplements (LiNS) is promoted as an approach to prevent child undernutrition and growth faltering. Previous LiNS studies have not tested the effects of improving the underlying diet prior to providing LiNS. Formative research was conducted in rural Zimbabwe to develop feeding messages to improve complementary feeding with and without LiNS. Two rounds of Trials of Improved Practices were conducted with mothers of infants aged 6[ndash]12 months to assess the feasibility of improving infant diets using (1) only locally available resources and (2) locally available resources plus 20 g of LiNS as Nutributter®/day. Common feeding problems were poor dietary diversity and low energy density. Popular improved practices were to process locally available fo... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3819155 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3819155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838237&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00253.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838237 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838236&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00260.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838236 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838235&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00267.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838235 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3804206&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00267.x Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and test the association between psychological well-being and overweight in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study using anthropometrical measures and interviews with 1048 6[ndash]10-year-old school children from a Brazilian town. Overweight was assessed by the body mass index and included obesity. Psychological data of children and their parents were collected using a face scale. Poisson regression models were used to test the associations and to obtain unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). The prevalence of overweight was of 15.3% (95% CI: 13.2[ndash]17.6) and of only obesity was 3.8% (2.8[ndash]5.2). After controlling for age, sex, school type and parental overweight, the prevalence of overweight was 52% and 44% higher in ch... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3804206 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3804206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3804207&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00259.x In conclusion, excessive iodine intake was evident in the Dadaab refugee camps. Further research needs to be conducted to investigate the source of excess iodine, to determine the measures needed to address excessive iodine intake and to reconsider the World Health Organization/World Food Programme/United Nations Children's Fund guidance on supplementation of vulnerable groups in emergencies. (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3804207 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3804207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3770240&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00260.x Poor complementary feeding practices and low-quality complementary foods are significant causes of growth faltering and child mortality throughout the developing world. Ready-to-use foods (RUF) are energy-dense, lipid-based products that do not require cooking or refrigeration that have been used to prevent and treat malnutrition among vulnerable children. The effectiveness of these products in improving child nutritional status depends on household use by caregivers. To identify the key facilitators and barriers that influence appropriate in-home RUF consumption by supplemental feeding program beneficiaries, we conducted individual interviews among caregivers (n = 80), RUF producers (n = 8) and program staff (n = 10) involved in the Byokulia Bisemeye mu Bantu supplemental feeding program ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3770240 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3770240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3748477&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00253.x Acculturating to a host country has a negative impact on immigrant women's breastfeeding practices, particularly when coming from countries where breastfeeding rates are higher than Western countries. Whether this is true of those immigrating to the UK remains to be investigated. The study aimed to explore whether acculturating to the UK had detrimental effects on breastfeeding practices of South Asian women, and to provide explanations as to how acculturation may have exerted its influence. Twenty South Asian women completed semi-structured interviews exploring infant feeding experiences. Data were thematically analysed. A bidimensional measure assessed women's acculturation status. Women displaying low acculturation levels were aware of living in a formula-feeding culture but this had li... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3748477 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3748477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3735438&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00255.x Undernutrition is associated with poor cognitive development, late entry into school, decreased years of schooling, reduced productivity and smaller adult stature. We use longitudinal data from 1674 Peruvian children participating in the Young Lives study to assess the relative impact of early stunting (stunted at 6[ndash]18 months of age) and concurrent stunting (stunted at 4.5[ndash]6 years of age) on cognitive ability. Anthropometric data were longitudinally collected for children at 6[ndash]18 months of age and 4.5[ndash]6 years of age at which time verbal and quantitative ability were also assessed. We estimate that an increase in concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) by one standard deviation was associated with an increase in a child's score on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3735438 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3735438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3937485&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00264.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3937485 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3937485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3897818&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00257.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3897818 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3897818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3893673&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00270.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3893673 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3893673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3868041&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00258.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3868041 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3868041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838256&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00211.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838256 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838255&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00201.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838255 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838254&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00202.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838254 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838253&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00209.x Abstract (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838253 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838240&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00256.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838240 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838239&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00252.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838239 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838234&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00265.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838234 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3685479&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00256.x The objective was to investigate the effect of unbalanced dietary intake of omega-6/omega-3 ratio >9:1 in the prevalence for PPD. The study comprises a prospective cohort with four waves of follow-up during pregnancy and one following delivery. PPD was evaluated according to the Edinburgh Post-partum Depression Scale (PPD [ge] 11) in 106 puerperae between 2005 and 2007, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Independent variables included socio-demographic, obstetric, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake data, which were obtained by means of a food frequency questionnaire in the first trimester of pregnancy. Statistical analysis involved calculation of PPD prevalence and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance. PPD prevalence amounted to 26.4% [n = 28; confidence interva... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3685479 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3685479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3685481&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00252.x This study was designed to assess brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a possible candidate for enhanced cognition in breastfed infants. The study was conducted on 42 infants, 4[ndash]6 months old, who were classified according to their feeding pattern into breastfed group, formula-fed group and mixed-feeding group. Each infant was subjected to history taking, clinical examination, estimation of the level of BDNF by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique and assessment by Bayley scale of infant development-second edition (BSID-II). The current study revealed that breastfed group had higher BSID-II scores followed by mixed-fed group then formula-fed one, yet these results reached statistical significance only in total behaviour rating scale (TBRS) and Motor Quality Perce... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3685481 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3685481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3685480&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00254.x Nutritional demands for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are high during pregnancy. Diets low in DHA and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty-acids (LC-PUFA) in pregnancy are associated with poorer DHA status and slower reestablishment of maternal stores. To assess intakes of LC-PUFA among urban pregnant women in Central Mexico, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in Prenatal Clinic at the General Hospital No. 1 of the Mexican Society Security Institute, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. We ascertained intakes over past three months of 110 food items using a food frequency questionnaire developed for this population. Among 1364 pregnant women 18[ndash]35 years of age (mean age 26.2 ± 4.7 years) who were interviewed at 18[ndash]22 weeks gestation, median (inter-quartile range) daily intakes of linoleic... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3685480 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3685480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3654353&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00249.x This study is based on measurements taken from 356 third- and fourth-grade pupils from the highland city of Quetzaltenango. Height, weight and body mass index were assessed, and one day's intake of all foods and beverages using a pictorial workbook and dietician assisted recall. Mean differences in beverage consumption were compared for private vs. public school children and by anthropometric outcomes (stunting, overweight and obesity). Plain water was consumed by 30.9% of the children on the day intakes were measured, with higher proportions of water drinkers among private school children. Children having reported water intake on that day consumed 154 fewer kcal ([minus]7.7%) compared with the energy intake of children not having reported water intake (P = 0.02). Significantly more childr... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3654353 Fri, 11 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3654353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3601466&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00250.x Previous research has shown that urban slums are hostile environments for the growth of infants and young children (IYC). Flooding is a hazard commonly found in Dhaka slums (Bangladesh) which negatively impacts IYC's nutritional and health status. This paper aims 1) to identify the impact of flooding on IYC's feeding practices, and 2) to explore the coping strategies developed by caregivers. Qualitative data (participant observation and semi-structured interviews) and quantitative data (household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements) collected in slums in Dhaka (n = 18 mothers, n = 5 community health workers, and n = 55 children) were analysed. The subjects of the interviews were mothers and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) community health workers living and working ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3601466 Wed, 26 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3601466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3601465&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00251.x Given the overwhelming evidence for the benefits of breastfeeding, and yet the low prevalence rates in the UK, it is crucial to understand the influences on women's infant feeding experiences to target and promote effective support. As part of an evaluation study of the implementation of the UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) Community Award within two primary (community-based) care trusts in North West England, 15 women took part in an in-depth interview to explore their experiences, opinions and perceptions of infant feeding. In this paper, we have provided a theoretical interpretation of these women's experiences by drawing upon Aaron Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC) theory. The SOC is a global orientation to how people are able to cope with stressors and maintain a sense of ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3601465 Wed, 26 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3601465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3540586&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00245.x Ugandan policy regarding infant feeding for HIV-positive mothers is replacement feeding (RF), if feasible; otherwise, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 3 months is advised (or EBF for 6 months, if RF is still not feasible). HIV-negative mothers should practise EBF for 6 months. The study objective was to explore the association between maternal HIV status and breastfeeding practices in Kabarole, Uganda. Data were collected from questionnaires administered at home to 182 women (44 HIV-positive and 138 HIV-negative) 3 months post-partum and from medical charts. The HIV-negative women were matched on delivery date to HIV-positive women at a ratio of 3:1. Interviewers were blinded to HIV status. There was no statistically significant association between adherence to Ugandan national feeding gu... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3540586 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3540586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3540585&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00246.x The aim of the paper was to compare the growth of rural Croatian infants with 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth standards and to evaluate the potential preventive influence of breastfeeding on the development of obesity in infancy. Two hundred three infant[ndash]mother pairs from Baranja, an Eastern region of Croatia, were enrolled into this study. Retrospective evaluation of infants' medical charts was used to obtain anthropometric data recorded at the birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Infant feeding mode was self-reported by mothers. Breastfed infants gained the least weight of all observed groups. Up to 6 months of age, formula fed infants had the highest weight gain and after 6 months of age, mixed milk fed infants had the highest weight gain. At 12 mon... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3540585 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3540585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3540584&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00248.x To assess the feasibility of conducting empirically supported family-based paediatric obesity group treatment via TeleMedicine. Seventeen families were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (physician visit, TeleMedicine). Measures included feasibility, satisfaction and intervention outcome measures such as BMI percentile, and nutrition and activity behaviours. Measures were completed at baseline, post-treatment and at 1-year follow-up. Analyses indicate that both feasibility and satisfaction data regarding the TeleMedicine intervention were positive. Intervention outcome indicates no change in BMI percentile or nutrition and activity behaviours for either treatment group. A behavioural family-based weight loss intervention delivered via TeleMedicine was well received by both parents ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3540584 Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3540584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838238&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00245.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838238 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838241&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00243.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838241 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3401218&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00241.x A number of studies in developed countries suggest that breastfeeding protects against infections in infancy. However, the choice to breastfeed is often related to maternal characteristics, and many of these studies are limited in the extent to which they can take account of confounding influences. In a prospective birth cohort study, we assessed the relationship between the duration of breastfeeding and the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections, ear infections and gastrointestinal morbidity during the first year of life in 1764 infants. We considered the duration of all breastfeeding, including mixed feeding. Eighty-one per cent of the infants were breastfed initially, and 25% were breastfed up to 6 months. There were graded decreases in the prevalence of respiratory and gastro... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3401218 Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3401218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3384522&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00243.x This study aimed to characterize a sample of women who have chosen to adopt the BLW method and to describe associated attitudes and behaviours. Six hundred and fifty five mothers with a child between 6 months and 12 months of age provided information about timing of weaning onset, use of spoon-feeding and purées, and experiences of weaning and mealtimes. Those participants who used a BLW method reported little use of spoon-feeding and purées and were more likely to have a higher education, higher occupation, be married and have breastfed their infant. BLW was associated with a later introduction of complementary foods, greater participation in meal times and exposure to family foods. Levels of anxiety about weaning and feeding were lower in mothers who adopted a BLW approach. These findi... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384522 Sat, 20 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3384523&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00242.x A study on 49 preadolescent boys and their parents was performed to determine if differences existed in boys' body esteem and body size perceptions and to determine how accurately parents perceive their sons' body size. The boys were grouped by their body mass index (BMI) into average and high BMI groups. The boys completed the Body Esteem Scale; the boys and the parents rated the boys' body size perceptions. No differences were found in the boys' body esteem. The boys in the high BMI group perceived themselves as bigger than the boys in the average BMI group, and the parents of the boys with a high BMI perceived their sons as bigger. The boys in the high BMI group rated their current figure as heavier than their ideal figure. The results supported that the boys and the parents were aware ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384523 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3325087&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2010.00240.x Orofacial clefts are thought to be determined by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Experiments on animals demonstrated that vitamin B12 supplemented diets antagonize selected teratogens during palatogenesis. Increased propionylcarnitine in neonates is regarded as a marker of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency. The retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether increased propionylcarnitine in newborns is associated with orofacial clefts. Fifty-two newborns with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) and 107 control newborns without congenital anomalies were investigated. Whole blood propionylcarnitine concentrations were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of propionylcarnitine in newborns with clefts and controls were 2.82... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3325087 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3325087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3241754&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00233.x Birthweight is recognized to be a determinant of a full term infant's early growth pattern; however, few studies have explored whether this effect is sustained into school age, especially in developing countries. We have used a cohort study from North East Brazil to investigate factors determining the anthropometric status of eight-year-old children born at full-term with low or appropriate weight. A cohort of 375 full-term infants was recruited at birth in six maternity hospitals between 1993 and 1994, in a poor region of the interior of the State of Pernambuco. At the age of 8 years, 86 born with low birthweight and 127 with appropriate birthweight were traced. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify the net effect of socioeconomic conditions, maternal nutritional ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3241754 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3241754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3233733&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00235.x The vast majority of breastfeeding mothers in Western countries have routine access to multimedia and Internet resources at home. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a CD-ROM-based intervention in increasing the rates of breastfeeding. We conducted a pre- and post-intervention study involving four control and four intervention maternity units in France. All breastfeeding mothers in intervention units were given a CD-ROM-based program addressing various breastfeeding topics. The primary outcome was any breastfeeding at 4 weeks assessed by follow-up telephone interview. The secondary outcomes included breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding difficulties after discharge and satisfaction with the breastfeeding experience. The rates of any breastfeeding at 4 weeks varied from... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3233733 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3233733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3233732&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00237.x This investigation describes the pattern of changes in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps, biceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses during the course of pregnancy, and its relationship with maternal and newborn outcomes. A prospective cohort of 1066 pregnant women were selected in seven different urban regions in Argentina. Measurements of MUAC were carried out at 16, 28 and 36 gestational weeks. In a subsample of 488 women, triceps, biceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were measured. Mean total increase in subscapular, tricipital and bicipital skinfolds from 16 to 36 weeks of gestation were 4.5, 3.6 and 2.6 mm, respectively. MUAC showed a mean increase of 1.7 cm in the same period. Overweight or obese women at the start of pregnancy had lower increases in all measuremen... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3233732 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3233732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3233731&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00238.x A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported in non-Western immigrants in Norway. Our objective was to test whether written information about how to improve vitamin D status could improve the vitamin D status in immigrants mothers attending child health clinics. In this cluster randomized controlled trial in eight child health clinics in Oslo, mothers aged 18[ndash]43 years with Pakistani, Turkish, or Somali background were included when their infants were 6 weeks old. The public health nurses gave the intervention group a brochure with information on how to improve vitamin D status, written in their native language. They were compared with a control group receiving usual care, consisting of oral information only. The principal outcome measure was increase in serum 25-hydrox... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3233731 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3233731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3233730&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00239.x This study employed a multiple-case design using an explorative approach. Data were collected at three secondary schools in Norway participating in the intervention project Physical activity and healthy school meals. Individual interviews were conducted with school principals and project leaders, and focus group interviews were conducted separately with teachers and students. Four categories of barriers were identified: (1) lack of adaptation of the guidelines to the target group; (2) lack of resources and funding; (3) conflicting values and goals; and (4) access to unhealthy food outside school. The research identified differences in perceived barriers between the staff responsible for implementation and the students as the target group of the measures. All staff groups perceived barriers... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3233730 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3233730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838248&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00231.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838248 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838247&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00228.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838247 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838246&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00234.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838246 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838245&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00236.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838245 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838244&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00237.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838244 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838243&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00238.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838243 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838242&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00235.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838242 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210315&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00236.x This paper examines predictors of breastfeeding cessation among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. This was a prospective follow-up study of HIV-infected women who participated in a randomized micronutrient supplementation trial conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 795 HIV-infected Tanzanian women with singleton newborns were utilized from the cohort for this analysis. The proportion of women breastfeeding declined from 95% at 12 months to 11% at 24 months. The multivariate analysis showed breastfeeding cessation was significantly associated with increasing calendar year of delivery from 1995 to 1997 [risk ratio (RR), 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13[ndash]1.63], having a new pregnancy (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.10[ndash]1.61), overweight [body mass index (BMI) ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210315 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3210315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191391&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00228.x The objective of this study was to compare duration of hospitalization, appetite and nutritional status of HIV-infected children with that of uninfected children. A cross-sectional study was performed on children (2[ndash]24 months) admitted with diarrhoea or pneumonia to the university hospital. Children were tested for HIV, and the duration of hospitalization was noted for 189 children. Follow-up for blood analysis (n = 154) and appetite measurement (n = 48) was performed 4[ndash]8 weeks after discharge. Appetite was measured as ad libitum intake of a commercial infant cereal using highly standardized procedures. Hospitalization (in days) was significantly longer in HIV-infected children; among children admitted with diarrhoea (5.9 ± 1.9 vs. 3.8 ± 1.5) (mean ± standard deviation) and ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191391 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3191391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191390&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00229.x Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive women living in low-income communities may have difficulty meeting the increased energy requirements that are associated with both lactation and HIV infection. Data on household food security and maternal socio-demographic characteristics, perceived stress, anthropometry, reported illness, dietary intakes and preferences, and exposure to nutrition education were collected from 70 lactating women [16 seropositive (HP), 27 seronegative (HN), and 27 who refused to be tested and had unknown HIV status (HU)]. Diet was assessed with three 24-h recalls (one market day, one weekend day, and one non-market weekday). Data were collected at 8.4 (SD = 4.7) months postpartum. Most women (74.3%) reported being in good health at the time of study. Three-day... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191390 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3191390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3191389&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00234.x The study objective was to understand the role of traditional Awajún foods in dietary quality and the potential impacts on growth of Awajún infants and young children 0[ndash]23 months of age. Research took place in April and May of 2004, along the Cenepa River in six Awajún communities. Anthropometry estimated nutritional status for 32 infants (0[ndash]23 months). Repeat dietary recalls and infant feeding histories were completed with 32 mothers. Adequacy of the complementary foods was compared with World Health Organization guidelines. Anthropometry indicated a high prevalence of stunting (39.4% of infants and young children), with nutritional status declining with age. Half of the Awajún mothers practised exclusive breastfeeding. Dietary recalls and infant food histories suggested t... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3191389 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3191389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3183934&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00232.x Women tend to have the greatest responsibility for and influence on the home food environment. Understanding theoretical concepts as they pertain to mothers' food-related behaviours could inform the development of interventions that enhance mothers' ability to create healthy family food environments that support optimal child development and help attenuate obesity rates. Likert scales assessed Social Cognitive Theory concepts [i.e. self-efficacy, self-regulation (sets goals, self-reward, self-monitoring, environmental structuring), outcome expectations] and coping of 201 mothers in the context food-related activities. ANOVA determined whether diet and BMI differed among mothers scoring in the highest, middle, and lowest tertiles on the Likert scales. For self-efficacy, coping, sets goals, ... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183934 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169464&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00231.x In a 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial, this study aimed to evaluate the longer-term effects of a peer-led infant feeding intervention that was delivered during the first year of life. The original intervention used monthly home visits from trained volunteers to improve infant feeding practices among a sample of low-income mothers in two disadvantaged London boroughs. Outcome measures at follow-up included children's eating and drinking habits, general and dental health, and BMI. Data were collected via structured face-to-face interviews and postal questionnaires. Of 212 women who completed the original trial, 101 took part in the follow-up (55 intervention, 46 control). Children's mean age at follow-up was 4 years 7 months. There is little evidence that the intervention ha... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169464 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169465&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00230.x In this observational study, we compared erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in infants consuming formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) with those consuming other types of milks. In 110 infants who were participants in a cohort study of otherwise healthy children at risk for developing type 1 diabetes, erythrocytes were collected at approximately 9 months of age, and fatty acid content was measured as a percentage of total lipids. Parents reported the type of milk the infants consumed in the month of and prior to erythrocyte collection: infant formula supplemented with ARA and DHA (supplemented formula), formula with no ARA and DHA supplements (non-supplemented formula), breast milk, or non-supplemented formula plus breast milk. Membrane DHA (4.42 ver... Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169465 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838250&cid=s_32624_28_f&fid=32624&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1740-8709.2009.00222.x (Source: Maternal and Child Nutrition) Maternal and Child Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838250 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3838250