MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Mediators of Inflammation' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:58:12 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386771&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F689430.html In conclusion numerous genes encoding multiples forms of PLA2 are expressed in meningiomas where they might act on the phospholipid remodeling and on the local eicosanoid and/or cytokine networks. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386771 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:57:07 +0100 3386771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377651&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F698769.html Conventional and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have revolutionized the medical therapy of inflammatory arthritis. However, it remains unclear as to what can be done to treat immune-mediated chronic inflammation after patients become refractory to these therapies or develop serious side-effects and/or infections forcing drug withdrawal. Because of these concerns it is imperative that novel targets be continuously identified and experimental strategies designed to test potential arthritis interventions in vitro, but more importantly, in well-validated animal models of inflammatory arthritis. Over the past few years, sphingosine-1-phosphate, interleukin-7 receptor, spleen tyrosine kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase 5/p38 kinase reg... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377651 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 16:18:55 +0100 3377651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3369631&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F837419.html Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a world-wide public health problem. NAFLD represents a spectrum of disease ranging from “simple steatosis”, which is considered relatively benign, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and to NAFLD-associated cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The etiology of NAFLD and its progression is complex and remains incompletely understood. The progression of the disease involves many factors. Apart from the two hits, the accumulation of TG and the development of fibrosis and necroinflammatory processes, exit numerous molecules associated with these two hits. Among them we can highlight the pro-inflammatory molecules and adiponectins. This review focuses on the growing evidence from both experimental and human studies suggesting... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3369631 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 17:39:04 +0100 3369631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363539&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F903295.html Scorpion venoms consist of a complex of several toxins that exhibit a wide range of biological properties and actions, as well as chemical compositions, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. These venoms are associated with high morbility and mortality, especially among children. Victims of envenoming by a scorpion suffer a variety of pathologies, involving mainly both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation as well as central manifestations such as irritability, hyperthermia, vomiting, profuse salivation, tremor, and convulsion. The clinical signs and symptoms observed in humans and experimental animals are related with an excessive systemic host inflammatory response to stings and stings, respectively. Although the pathophysiology of envenomation is compl... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363539 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 15:59:10 +0100 3363539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363538&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F757191.html Conclusion. Radix Astragali injection could protect the intestinal mucosa of OJ rats by increasing the content of SOD, reducing the content of MDA, inhibiting the apoptosis and relieving the pathological changes of intestinal mucosa. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363538 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 15:59:10 +0100 3363538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3353677&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F928030.html Alopecia areata, a disease of the hair follicles with multifactorial etiology and a strong component of autoimmune origin, has been extensively studied as far as the role of several cytokines is concerned. So far, IFN-γ, interleukins, TNF-α, are cytokines that are well known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease, while several studies have shown that many more pathways exist. Among them, MIG, IP-10, BAFF, HLA antigens, MIG, as well as stress hormones are implicated in disease onset and activity. Within the scope of this paper, the authors attempt to shed light upon the complexity of alopecia areata underlying mechanisms and indicate pathways that may suggest future treatments. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3353677 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 17:39:13 +0100 3353677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3349671&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F489802.html Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and altered peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) function. Therefore, we tested whether CT-1 induces TNFα in PBMC of healthy volunteers. CT-1 induced in PBMC TNFα protein in the supernatant and TNFα mRNA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner determined by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Maximal TNFα protein was achieved with 100 ng/mL CT-1 after 3–6 hours and maximal TNFα mRNA induction after 1 hour. ELISA data were confirmed using immunofluorescent flow cytometry. Inhibitor studies with actinomycin D and brefeldin A showed that both protein synthesis and intracellular transport are essen... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3349671 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 17:44:43 +0100 3349671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339571&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F364957.html Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in developed countries and are also becoming more frequent in the developing world. Overweight and obese patients have elevated levels of several inflammatory markers and this inflammatory state might contribute to their increased vascular risk. We summarize the effects of lifestyle changes, antiobesity agents, and bariatric surgery on serological inflammatory markers in overweight and obese patients. Most studies showed a decrease in inflammation with all 3 interventions. However, it remains to be established whether the decrease in inflammatory markers induced by lifestyle changes or (where indicated) with antiobesity agents or bariatric surgery will translate into reduced vascular morbidity and mortality in overweight and obese patients. (Sour... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339571 Sun, 07 Mar 2010 15:59:41 +0100 3339571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317939&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F405016.html Anemia of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases is a frequent complication affecting quality of life. For cancer patients it represents a particularly bad prognostic. Low level of erythropoietin is considered as one of the causes of anemia in these pathologies. The deficiency in erythropoietin production results from pro-inflammatory cytokines effect. However, few data is available concerning molecular mechanisms involved in cytokine-mediated anemia. Some recent publications have demonstrated the direct effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cell differentiation towards erythroid pathway, without erythropoietin defect. This suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signaling pathways affect erythropoietin activity. They could interfere with erythropoietin-mediated signaling pat... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317939 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 17:07:11 +0100 3317939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301471&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F103890.html Following Salmonella invasion, intestinal epithelial cells release a distinct array of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-6 produced by enterocytes may have anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects, and may counteract some of the injurious effects of sepsis and endotoxemia. Recent studies in a variety of rodent models of experimental colitis by using PJ-34, a potent poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, support the concept that the marked beneficial effect of PJ-34 can be exploited to treat human inflammatory diseases. The present study was to investigate the effect of PJ-34 on Salmonella-induced enterocyte IL-6 production and its mechanisms. We found that PJ-34 enhanced Salmonella-induced IL-6 production in Caco-2 cells, either secreted protein or mRNA expressio... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301471 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 16:46:06 +0100 3301471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301470&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F308596.html Elevated interleukin (IL)-1 concentrations in synovial fluid have been implicated in joint bone and cartilage destruction. Previously, we showed that IL-1β stimulated the expression of prostaglandin (PG) receptor EP4 via increased PGE2 production. However, the effect of IL-1β on osteoclast formation via chondrocytes is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of IL-1β and/or celecoxib on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human chondrocytes, and the indirect effect of IL-1β on osteoclast-like cell formation using RAW264.7 cells. OPG and RANKL expression increased with IL-1β; whereas M-CSF expression decreased. Celecoxib blocked the stimulatory ef... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301470 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 16:46:06 +0100 3301470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3297760&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F812102.html Little is known about the longitudinal effects of smoking cessation on sputum inflammatory cells. We aimed to investigate the changes in sputum inflammatory cells and T-lymphocyte subpopulations after 6 and 12 months smoking cessation. Induced sputum was obtained from 68 healthy smokers before and after 6 months (n=21) and 1 year (n=14) smoking cessation and from ten healthy never-smokers. Inflammatory cells were identified by morphology and T-lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. Sputum macrophages were decreased after 12 months of smoking cessation in comparison to baseline, while neutrophils increased. Moreover, CD8+ T-cells were decreased in smokers before smoking cessation compared to never-smokers and increased in smokers after 6 months of smoking cessation in comparison to ba... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3297760 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 16:34:17 +0100 3297760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291820&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F137072.html Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains to be an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Inflammation is now believed to play a major role in the pathopathophysiology of AKI. It is hypothesized that in ischemia, sepsis and nephrotoxic models that the initial insult results in morphological and/or functional changes in vascular endothelial cells and/or in tubular epithelium. Then, leukocytes including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes infiltrate into the injured kidneys. The injury induces the generation of inflammatory mediators like cytokines and chemokines by tubular and endothelial cells which contribute to the recruiting of leukocytes into the kidneys. Thus, inflammation has an important role in the initiation and extension phases of AKI. This revie... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291820 Sun, 21 Feb 2010 15:56:57 +0100 3291820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291819&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F416298.html TOM1L (target of Myb-1 Like) was identified as a binding partner for the full length and catalytically-active Lck in a yeast 2-hybrid screening assay. Here we show that in Jurkat T cells stimulated by CD3/CD28 coligation where the expression of TOM1L is reduced by lenti virus mediated-siRNA results in a dramatically lower IL-2 production. The production of IL-2 in siRNA treated cells stimulated with PMA/ionomycin was not affected indicating an involvement of TOM1L in a pathway proximal of TCR and CD28. The coexpression of Fyn with TOM1L increased the level of the phosphorylated form of Fyn indicating that TOM1L has the ability to activate Fyn. The ability of TOM1L to activate Fyn was further shown in a kinase assay using angiotensin II as a substrate. By confocal microscopy, we show that t... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291819 Sun, 21 Feb 2010 15:56:57 +0100 3291819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3275320&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F704706.html Inflammatory damage plays an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) have been linked to inflammatory reactions. Our previous studies have proved that oxymatrine (OMT) protected ischemic brain injury and this effect may be through the decreasing of NF-κB expression. However, little is known regarding the mechanism of OMT in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. We therefore investigated the OMT's potential neuroprotective role and the underlying mechanisms. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, saline and OMT treatment groups. We used a middle cerebral artery occlusion... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3275320 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:11:32 +0100 3275320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3275319&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F453892.html Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent and serious metabolic disease all over the world, and its hallmarks are pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Under diabetic conditions, chronic hyperglycemia and subsequent augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) deteriorate β-cell function and increase insulin resistance which leads to the aggravation of type 2 diabetes. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia and ROS are also involved in the development of atherosclerosis which is often observed under diabetic conditions. Taken together, it is likely that ROS play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3275319 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:11:32 +0100 3275319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3272452&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F675195.html Conclusion. Salvia miltiorrhizae can exert protective effects on the lymph nodes of SAP or OJ rats via a mechanism that is associated with reducing the contents of inflammatory mediators in blood. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3272452 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 15:54:19 +0100 3272452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3262159&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F817498.html There is evidence that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) can exert severe antineoplastic effects. Cross-talk between tumour cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is necessary for the accumulation of PMN around a tumour. This work reports the ability of two PMN-sensitive, human, permanent cell lines—colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and pharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (FaDu) cells—to act as inflammatory foci. PMNs were cytotoxic to both lines, the adhesion of the PMNs to the tumour cells being important in this effect. The tumour cells released appreciable amounts of IL-8 and GROα, and induced the transmigration of PMN through human microvascular-EC monolayers. Conditioning media associated with both lines induced the adhesion of PMN and the surface expression of ICAM-1... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3262159 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:10:06 +0100 3262159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3262158&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F426346.html In conclusion, post-SAH melatonin administration may attenuate inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the spasmodic artery, and this may be one mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect of melatonin on the subsequent vasospasm after SAH. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3262158 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:10:06 +0100 3262158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3253882&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F610479.html Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, disturbed glucose homeostasis, low grade inflammation, and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an ubiquitously expressed protein that plays a crucial role in many inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that MIF also controls metabolic and inflammatory processes underlying the development of metabolic pathologies associated with obesity. This is a comprehensive summary of our current knowledge on the role of MIF in obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities, based on human clinical data as well as animal models of disease. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3253882 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:19:59 +0100 3253882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3253881&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F958403.html Conclusions. Accumulating data indicate the importance of the endocrine function of adipose tissue for the pathophysiological consequences of obesity-related co-morbidities. Since IL-18 is involved in the pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases, we conclude that IL-18 may represent a link between obesity and related co-morbidities in children and adolescents. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3253881 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:19:59 +0100 3253881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250582&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F132028.html Human lymphocyte subpopulations were originally classified as T- and B-cells in the 70s. Later, with the development of monoclonal antibodies, it became possible to recognize, within the T-cells, functional populations: CD4+ and CD8+. These populations were usually referred to as “helper” and “suppressor” cells, respectively. However several investigations within the CD8 cells failed to detect a true suppressor activity. Therefore the term suppressor was neglected because it generated confusion. Much later, true suppressor activity was recognized in a subpopulation of CD4 cells characterized by high levels of CD25. The novel population is usually referred to as T regulatory cells (Tregs) and it is characterized by the expression of FoxP3. The heterogeneity of CD4 cells was further... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250582 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 16:23:08 +0100 3250582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3227134&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F285812.html Crohn's disease (CD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause. The aim of the present study was to explore if mRNA over-expression of SSTR5 and CCR7 found in CD patients could be correlated to respective protein expression. When compared to healthy donors, SSTR5 was over-expressed 417 ± 71 times in CD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry experiments showed no correlation between mRNA and protein expression for SSTR5 in PBMCs. In an attempt to find a reason of such a high mRNA expression, SSTR5 present on CD PBMCs were tested and found as biologically active as on healthy cells. In biopsies of CD intestinal tissue, SSTR5 was not over-expressed but CCR7, unchanged in PBMCs, was over-expressed by 10 ± 3 times in the lamina... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3227134 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:18:28 +0100 3227134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224712&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F473276.html Inflammation and immunity play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) signaling plays critical roles in the activation and regulation of inflammatory responses in injured brain. However, the involvement of TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling in the pathogenesis of ICH remains unknown. The present study was to evaluate the temporal profile of the expression of TLR4 and the activation of TLR4-mediated NFκB signaling in brain tissues of Wistar rats after ICH. TLR4 mRNA and protein, the phosphorylation of inhibitors of kappa B (p-IκBα), and the activity of NFκB were examined in hemorrhagic cerebral tissue by Rt-PCR, Western blots, immunohistochemistry staining,... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224712 Sun, 31 Jan 2010 16:05:02 +0100 3224712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3211614&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F183760.html Inflammation is associated with disease progression and, by largely unknown mechanisms, has been said to drive oncogenesis. At inflamed sites, neutrophils deploy a potent antimicrobial arsenal that includes proteinases, antimicrobial peptides, and ROS. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) induce chemokines. In the present study, the concentrations of IL-8 in culture supernatants of HeLa cells treated with ROS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used o-phenanthroline to deplete Fe2+ in order to investigate the mechanisms through which ROSs induce IL-8 secretion in our system. The iron chelator o-phenanthroline effectively inhibited H2O2-induced ERK2 activation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that IL-8 protein secretion was elevated in ROS-treated HeLa cells. When ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3211614 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 16:02:00 +0100 3211614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3207795&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F738620.html The present study addressed the hypothesis that leptin promotes leukocyte trafficking into adipose tissue. Accordingly, male Wistar rats were treated with saline or recombinant rat leptin (1 mg/kg) via the tail vein. Leukocyte trafficking in mesenteric venules was quantified by intravital microscopy. Treatment with leptin resulted in a 3- and 5-fold increases in rolling and firm adhesion, respectively. Compared to vehicle controls, leptin enhanced mRNA levels of IL-6 (8-fold) and MCP-1 (5-fold) in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT). Similar increases in these markers were observed in mesenteric venules and in liver. Finally, the direct effect of leptin was assessed in C3A hepatocytes treated with leptin for 24 hours (7.8 ng/mL–125 ng/mL). Consistent with observatio... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3207795 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:18:17 +0100 3207795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3207794&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F737282.html Atherosclerosis represents an important chronic inflammatory process associated with several pathophysiological reactions in the vascular wall. The arachidonic acid, released by phospholipase A2, is an important substrate for the production of a group of lipid mediators known as leukotrienes, which induce proinflammatory signaling through the activation of specific BLT and CysLT receptors. The interaction of these substances in the vascular wall determines important morphological alterations like the early lipid retention and the accumulation of foam cells, the development of intimal hyperplasia, and advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and it plays an important role in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Many studies regarding myocardial ischemia and reperfusion show that leukotriene sign... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3207794 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:18:17 +0100 3207794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3207793&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F124384.html Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a devastating disease process with neurological injury accounting for a disproportionate amount of the morbidity and mortality following return of spontaneous circulation. A dearth of effective treatment strategies exists for global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (GCI/R) injury following successful resuscitation from OHCA. Emerging preclinical as well as recent human clinical evidence suggests that activation of the complement cascade plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of GCI/R injury following OHCA. In addition, it is well established that complement inhibition improves outcome in both global and ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3207793 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:18:17 +0100 3207793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193072&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2010%2F434562.html The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between GHRH-induced GH secretion in obese premenopausal women and cardiovascular risk markers or insulin resistance. Premenopausal obese women, aged 35–52 years, were studied. GH secretion, IGF-I, serum cardiovascular risk markers, insulin, leptin, mid-waist and hip circumference, total body fat, and truncal fat were measured. Subjects were classified as meeting the criteria for GH deficiency (GHD) when peak GH after stimulation with GHRH was ≤3 μg/L. Mean total and LDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were all higher, in subjects who would have been classified as GH-deficient compared with GH-sufficient. Peak GH secretion after stimulation was inversely associated with fasting insulin (R=&#x... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193072 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 16:10:05 +0100 3193072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166487&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F707042.html Conventional cardiopulmonary bypass can trigger a systemic inflammatory response syndrome similar to sepsis. Aetiological factors include surgical trauma, reperfusion injury, and, most importantly, contact of the blood with the synthetic surfaces of the heart-lung machine. Recently, a new cardiopulmonary bypass system, mini-extracorporeal circulation (MECC), has been developed and has shown promising early results in terms of reducing this inflammatory response. It has no venous reservoir, a reduced priming volume, and less blood-synthetic interface. This review focuses on the inflammatory and clinical outcomes of using MECC and compares these to conventional cardio-pulmonary bypass (CCPB). MECC has been shown to reduce postoperative cytokines levels and other markers of inflammation. In a... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166487 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 16:02:04 +0100 3166487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3157444&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F146872.html The effects of anti-inflammatory plant extracts, such as black tea extract (BTE) and resveratrol (RSV) could modulate cell activation leading to atherosclerosis, however there is little comparative information about how different endothelial cell types are affected by these compounds. In order to compare human endothelial cells derived from different origins (umbilical vein or HUVEC, coronary artery or HCAEC, microvascular or HMVEC) and their interleukin-1β (IL-1β) responsiveness, IL-6 ELISA, RT-PCR, tissue factor assay, and prostacyclin responses using 6-keto PGF1α ELISA were determined. The IL-1β-induced IL-6 levels were dose-dependent with highest responses seen in HCAEC. Significant inhibition of IL-1β responses was achieved with BTE and RSV, with the... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3157444 Sun, 10 Jan 2010 15:45:26 +0100 3157444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3133151&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F760837.html The study aimed to evaluate the suitability of myeloperoxidase (MPO) content as a local indicator of chronic inflammation, using the periodontal disease model. Anesthetized adult male Holtzman rats had their second left maxilar molar tied by a thread for 11 days and were then killed. Blood samples and photographic images from histopathological inflamed and noninflamed (contralateral) neighboring gingivomucosal specimens were collected for cell counts and MPO level analysis. Diseased animals were also treated with pharmacological tools such as the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib or the opioid morphine. Increased blood neutrophils and local cell numbers characterized diseased animals. However, local MPO content was increased in inflamed and noninflamed tissues from diseased animals. Celecox... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3133151 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 15:46:31 +0100 3133151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3118337&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F215935.html (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3118337 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 15:45:10 +0100 3118337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061353&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F512695.html Conclusions. Patients with CD and the presence of ASCA revealed a significantly more frequent localization of lesions within the small bowel and a tendency towards older age. We observed a connection between the occurrence of antibodies and the examined mutations of gene NOD2/CARD15. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061353 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 15:41:44 +0100 3061353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3003158&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F517052.html Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents is a well-known model of intestinal inflammation associated with hypermotility. Our aim was to elucidate if Th17 cells were involved in the development of gastrointestinal hypermotility in this experimental model. Intestinal inflammation was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Jejunal smooth muscle contractility was investigated in response to acetylcholine (Ach). The effects of IL-17 on jejunum smooth muscle contractility were explored. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of Th17 cells in jejunum. The levels of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β1 in jejunum were measured by Western blot. Our results showed that the inflammation in jejunum was severe at 2 weeks postinfection (PI), which was not discernible at 8 weeks PI. Jejunal ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3003158 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 16:10:14 +0100 3003158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995243&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F186136.html Conclusion. Salvia miltiorrhizae exerts protective effects on the spleen and thymus of SAP rats and spleen of OJ rats. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995243 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 16:10:29 +0100 2995243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2995242&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F675753.html During the past few years, biomarkers have emerged as an indispensible tool in the diagnosis of pneumonia. To find an ideal diagnostic biomarker for pneumonia is not an easy task. Not only should it allow an early diagnosis of the condition, but it should also allow differential diagnosis from other noninfectious conditions. Ongoing research is being done in this field so as to put an array of biomarkers at the disposal of doctors to improve the diagnosis of pneumonia when patients present to them with cough or nonspecific symptoms which could easily be misinterpreted as symptoms of other conditions. Procalcitonin and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 have emerged as reliable diagnostic markers in pneumonia, and are better when compared to other markers, namely, C-re... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2995242 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 16:10:29 +0100 2995242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2976733&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F850940.html Cathepsin G is a serine protease secreted by activated neutrophils that play a role in the inflammatory response. Because neutrophils are known to be invading leukocytes in various tumors, their products may influence the characteristics of tumor cells such as the growth state, motility, and the adhesiveness between cells or the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate that cathepsin G induces cell-cell adhesion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells resulting from the contact inhibition of cell movement on fibronectin but not on type IV collagen. Cathepsin G subsequently induced cell condensation, a very compact cell colony, resulting due to the increased strength of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Cathepsin G action is protease activity-dependent and was inhibited by the presence o... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2976733 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 16:31:17 +0100 2976733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973500&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F275072.html Conclusion. Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels reflect their colonic mucosal expression to some extent in patients with UC. Plasma MMP-1 and TIMP-1, in particular, demonstrate the potential to become biomarkers to clinically diagnose UC, predict its severity, and guide further therapy. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973500 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:16:18 +0100 2973500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2958296&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F947981.html Conclusion. These results suggest that urocortin concentrations in the amniotic fluid of genetic amniocentesis are not predictive of preterm labor and birth. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2958296 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:20:51 +0100 2958296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2958295&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F958658.html We determined the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling on tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced (TNF-α) lung neutrophil influx as well as neutrophil chemoattractant macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) and KC and soluble TNF-α receptor (TNFR) levels utilizing wildtype (WT), TNF receptor double knockout (TNFR1/TNFR2 KO), and IL-1β KO mice after oropharyngeal instillation with TNF-α. A significant increase in neutrophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung interstitium was detected in the WT mice six hours after TNF-α exposure. This correlated with an increase in BALF MIP-2. In contrast, BALF neutrophil numbers were not increased by TNF-α treatment of IL-1β KOs, correlating with a failure to induce BA... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2958295 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:20:51 +0100 2958295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930381&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F389720.html In this study, we used a rat model of cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis to investigate the effects of low-dose methotrexate (0.1 mg/kg/d for 30 d) on the plasma level of cytokines and cardiac remodeling and function. Our study showed that levels of tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly increased in postmyocarditis rats, compared with the control rats. Methotrexate treatment reduced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and increased IL-10 level, compared to saline treatment. In addition, postmyocarditis rats showed significant cardiac fibrosis characterized by increased myocardial collagen volume fraction, perivascular collagen area, and the ratio of collagen type I to type III, compared with the control rats. ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930381 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 16:05:39 +0100 2930381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926770&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F389720.html In this study, we used a rat model of cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis to investigate the effects of low-dose methotrexate (0.1 mg/kg/d for 30 d) on the plasma level of cytokines and cardiac remodeling and function. Our study showed that levels of tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly increased in post-myocarditis rats, compared with the control rats. Methotrexate treatment reduced the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and increased IL-10 level, compared to saline treatment. In addition, post-myocarditis rats showed significant cardiac fibrosis characterized by increased myocardial collagen volume fraction, perivascular collagen area, and the ratio of collagen type I to type III, compared with the control rats... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926770 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:23:30 +0100 2926770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926769&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F979258.html The precise pathomechanisms of human autoimmune diseases are still poorly understood. However, a deepened understanding of these is urgently needed to improve disease prevention and early detection and guide more specific treatment approaches. In recent years, many new genes and signalling pathways involved in autoimmunity with often overlapping patterns between different disease entities have been detected. Major contributions were made by experiments using DNA microarray technology, which has been used for the analysis of gene expression patterns in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, among which were rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and type-1 diabetes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, a so-called interferon... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926769 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:23:30 +0100 2926769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2885804&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F819408.html γδ T cells play an important role in regulating the immune response to stress stimuli; however, the mean by which these innate lymphocytes fulfill this function remains poorly defined. The main subset of human peripheral blood γδ T cells responds to nonpeptidic antigens, such as isopentylpyrophosphate (IPP), a metabolite in the mevalonate pathway for both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. IPP-primed γδ T cells significantly augment the inflammatory response mediated by monocytes and αβ T cells to TSST-1, the staphylococcal superantigen that is the major causative agent of toxic shock syndrome. Here we show that the small pool of activated peripheral γδ T cells induces an early upregulation of CD40 on monocytes and the loca... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2885804 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 14:57:12 +0100 2885804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2882453&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F426214.html (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2882453 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 14:44:51 +0100 2882453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2795918&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F287387.html The apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruit domain (ASC) is involved in apoptosis and innate immunity and is a major adaptor molecule responsible for procaspase-1 activation. ASC mRNA is encoded by three exons: exons 1 and 3 encode a pyrin domain (PYD) and caspase recruit domain (CARD), respectively, and exon 2 encodes a proline and glycine-rich (PGR) domain. Here, we identified a variant ASC protein (vASC) lacking the PGR domain that was smaller than full length ASC (fASC) derived from fully transcribed mRNA and searched for differences in biochemical and biological nature. Both fASC and vASC were found to activate procaspase-1 to a similar degree, but the efficiency of IL-1β excretion was significantly higher for vASC. There was also a marked structura... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2795918 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 17:53:04 +0100 2795918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781381&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F193970.html Interleukin (IL)-4 is a cytokine known mainly for its anti-inflammatory activity. Using the in vivo murine air pouch model, we found that IL-4 significantly increased the number of leukocytes after 9 hours of treatment, consisting mainly of neutrophil (60%) and monocytic (40%) cell populations. Using an antibody array, we found that the expression of several analytes (predominantly CCL2) was increased by IL-4 before the arrival of leukocytes. The IL-4-induced expression of CCL-2 was confirmed by ELISA. Air pouch resident lining cells were harvested and were found to express IL-4Rα. CCL2 mRNA expression was monitored in lining cells, cells isolated from the air pouch skin, in RAW264.7 macrophage and in epithelial Mode-K cells and its expression was increased in response to IL... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781381 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 17:48:19 +0100 2781381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2733537&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F729172.html Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated disorders of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Recent studies underscore the importance of the damaged epithelial barrier and the dysregulated innate immune system in their pathogenesis. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small proteins with a high and conserved cysteine content that are rapidly upregulated in response to an inflammatory stimulus. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding the expression and potential role of MTs in IBD. MTs exert a central position in zinc homeostasis, modulate the activation of ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2733537 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 13:22:05 +0100 2733537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2715425&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F959281.html Fasting insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in 278 men and 273 women with blood pressure ≥130 and/or ≥85 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive medication. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria was observed in 35% of men and 34% of women. Men with MetS had lower hs-CRP and IL-1Ra than women. The absolute gender difference in adiponectin was smaller and those in IL-1Ra and hs-CRP were greater in subjects with MetS compared to those without. After adjustment with body mass index the association between insulin and the odd's ratio (OR) for MetS remained significant in both genders, in females also the association between the OR... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2715425 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 11:32:00 +0100 2715425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2694589&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F345838.html Obesity is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) in weight-bearing joints, but also in hand joints, pointing to an obesity-related metabolic factor that influences on the pathogenesis of OA. Leptin is an adipokine regulating energy balance, and it has recently been related also to arthritis and inflammation as a proinflammatory factor. In the present paper, the effects of leptin on human OA cartilage were studied. Leptin alone or in combination with IL-1 enhanced the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and production of NO, PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8. The results suggest that the effects of leptin are mediated through activation of transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Interestingly, ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2694589 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 12:15:11 +0100 2694589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2673860&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F602935.html Conclusion. Salvia miltiorrhizae injection is able to obviously reduce the contents of inflammatory mediators in the blood of OJ rats and exert some protective effects on multiple organs of these rats. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2673860 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 12:11:46 +0100 2673860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2663719&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F413270.html Conclusions. These findings provide evidence that Pinellia ternata, Citrus reticulata, and their combination play a regulatory role in allergic inflammation and offer therapeutic approaches as novel CCR3 antagonists for treatment asthma. However, it is not clear whether pharmacological activities of prescription composed of two herbs are potentiated due to synergistic effect or additive effect. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2663719 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 12:11:55 +0100 2663719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2653180&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F580450.html In conclusion, the unaffected areas from IBD show increased levels of a restricted set of cytokines that may exert immune activating roles in these areas without being able to trigger tissue damage. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2653180 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 12:16:06 +0100 2653180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2625210&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F269541.html Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease in which pathogenesis chemokines are partially involved. The aim of the paper was to assess the serum level of CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CXCL-11, CXCL-12, CCL-17, CCL-20, CCL-21, CCL-22, CCL-27, and IL-18 chosen in AD patients by ELISA assay. Forty patients (mean age 11.4 years old) with AD and 50 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. The patients and controls were divided into two age categories: under 10 years old (Group 1 and Control 1) and over 10 years old (Group 2 and Control 2). Significantly lower serum concentration of CXCL-9, CXCL-10, CCL-17, and IL-18 and higher concentration of CXCL-12 and CCL-27 were found in Group 1 whe... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2625210 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:06:37 +0100 2625210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2625209&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F390951.html The aim of our work was to find if MCP-1 -2518 (A/G) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influences somehow the serum concentrations of high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) both in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), and hypertension (HT) and in control group of healthy subjects. Totally, 263 patients with the diagnosis of IHD, out of them 89 with MI, 145 with AP, 205 with HT, and also 67 healthy subjects were included in the study. First, we estimated the serum levels of hsCRP. We found that patients with AP had significantly higher serum level of hsCRP than both control group of healthy subjects (P=.043) and IHD patients without AP (P=.026). The presence of the mutant G allele statistically significantly correlated with the highe... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2625209 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:06:37 +0100 2625209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2615247&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F494928.html Tea polyphenols known as catechins are key components with many biological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic effects. These effects are induced by the suppression of several inflammatory factors including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). While these characteristics of catechins have been well documented, actions of catechins as mediators on inflammation-related cardiovascular diseases have not yet been well investigated. In this article, we reviewed recent papers to reveal the anti-inflammatory effects of catechins in cardiovascular diseases. In our laboratory, we performed oral administration of catechins into murine and rat models of cardiac transplantation, myocarditis, myocardial ischemia, and atherosclerosis to reveal the effects of cate... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2615247 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 11:51:20 +0100 2615247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2575829&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F106145.abs.html Conclusion. CAE patients showed increases in TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to the controls. This study provides evidence for alterations in the proinflamatory cytokines which suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of CAE. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2575829 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 11:59:12 +0100 2575829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2575828&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F469169.abs.html Conclusions. In subjects with dyslipidemia, the presence of CAD is associated with an elevation of certain inflammatory markers and carotid IMT but not with further endothelial dysfunction. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2575828 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 11:59:12 +0100 2575828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2575827&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F439107.abs.html Adult obesity has been associated with depression, especially in women. Whether depression leads to obesity or obesity causes depression is unclear. Chronic inflammation is observed in obesity and depression. In 63 obese women without additional diseases depression level was assessed with the Beck's questionnaire. After evaluation of depression level study group was divided into groups according to the mood status (A—without depression, B—mild depression, and C—severe depression), and serum concentration of TNF-α, sTNFs, leptin, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. No differences in age, body mass, BMI, and body composition were observed in study groups. We did not observe differences of serum concentrations of TNF-α, sTNFRs, leptin, and IL-6 between subgrou... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2575827 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 11:59:12 +0100 2575827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2575826&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F584916.abs.html Conclusions. Patients with ASVV have raised cytokine levels in the urine compared to healthy controls, even during remission. Raised MCP-1 levels are associated with poor prognosis and possibly also with relapse tendency. The association with poor prognosis was stronger for U-MCP-1 than for conventional markers of disease like CRP, BVAS, and ANCA, as well as compared to candidate markers like U-IgM and U-IL-8. We thus consider U-MCP-1 to have promising potential as a prognostic marker in ASVV. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2575826 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 11:59:12 +0100 2575826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2575825&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F394021.html IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the onset and severity in different experimental arthritis models. Group B streptococci (GBS) have been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. Septic arthritis is a clinical manifestation of GBS infection. To investigate the role of IL-4 in experimental GBS infection, IL-4 deficient or competent mice were inoculated with 1×107 GBS/mouse. Mortality, appearance of arthritis, GBS growth in the organs, and local and systemic cytokine and chemokine production were examined. IL-4–/– mice showed lower mortality rates but increased severity of arthritis and exhibited a lowe... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2575825 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 11:59:12 +0100 2575825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2569159&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F584916.html Conclusions. Patients with ASVV have raised cytokine levels in the urine compared to healthy controls, even during remission. Raised MCP-1 levels are associated with poor prognosis and possibly also with relapse tendency. The association with poor prognosis was stronger for U-MCP-1 than for conventional markers of disease like CRP, BVAS, and ANCA, as well as compared to candidate markers like U-IgM and U-IL-8. We thus consider U-MCP-1 to have promising potential as a prognostic marker in ASVV. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2569159 Sun, 05 Jul 2009 11:56:03 +0100 2569159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2552463&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F439107.html Adult obesity has been associated with depression, especially in women. Whether depression leads to obesity or obesity causes depression is unclear. Chronic inflammation is observed in obesity and depression. In 63 obese women without additional diseases depression level was assessed with the Beck's questionnaire. After evaluation of depression level study group was divided into groups according to the mood status (A—without depression, B—mild depression, and C—severe depression), and serum concentration of TNF-α, sTNFs, leptin, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. No differences in age, body mass, BMI, and body composition were observed in study groups. We did not observe differences of serum concentrations of TNF-α, sTNFRs, leptin, and IL-6 between subgrou... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2552463 Mon, 29 Jun 2009 16:30:27 +0100 2552463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503431&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F106145.html Conclusion. CAE patients showed increases in TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to the controls. This study provides evidence for alterations in the proinflamatory cytokines which suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of CAE. Further placebo-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503431 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:46:09 +0100 2503431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503430&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F469169.html Conclusions. In subjects with dyslipidemia, the presence of CAD is associated with an elevation of certain inflammatory markers and carotid IMT but not with further endothelial dysfunction. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503430 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:46:09 +0100 2503430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467905&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F109502.html Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), which include cardiovascular disease, some cancers, for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. It has now become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of most CNCDs. Given that regular exercise offers protection against all causes of mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, we suggest that exercise may exert some of its beneficial health effects by inducing anti-inflammatory actions. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, which is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. We suggest that skeletal musc... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467905 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467904&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F291808.html We previously showed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily, p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal (JNK), positively plays a part in the platelet-derived growth factor-BB- (PDGF-BB-) stimulated synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells while Akt and p70 S6 kinase negatively regulates the synthesis. In the present study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, affects the synthesis of IL-6 in these cells and the mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the IL-6 synthesis and IL-6 mRNA expression stimulated by PDGF-BB, EGCG reduced the PDGF-BB-stimulated IL-6 synthesis also in primary-cultured osteob... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467904 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467903&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F298010.html We investigated the inhibitory effects of hydroquinone on cytokine release, phagocytosis, NO production, ROS generation, cell-cell/cell fibronectin adhesion, and lymphocyte proliferation. We found that hydroquinone suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6], secretion of toxic molecules [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)], phagocytic uptake of FITC-labeled dextran, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, U937 cell-cell adhesion induced by CD18 and CD29, and the proliferation of lymphocytes from the bone marrow and spleen. Considering that (1) environmental chemical stressors reduce the immune response of chronic cigarette smokers and children against bacterial and viral infections an... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467903 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467902&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F164134.html Decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or excess levels of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) may contribute to dysregulation of extracellular matrix turnover in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In a cross-sectional study of 106 SSc patients, we measured serum levels of TIMP-4 which is preferentially expressed in cardiovascular structures and searched for correlations with simultaneously performed echocardiography measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), myocardial performance, and pulmonary function tests. TIMP-4, but not MMP-9, levels were significantly raised in patients with SSc than controls. However, in the subgroup of patients with PASP measurements lower to 40 mmHg (n=69), TIMP-4 levels were comparable to controls irrespective of the presence of diffus... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467902 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467901&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F725174.html Inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cytoprotection against inflammation. The present study investigated the role of Nrf2 in the cerebral upregulation of NF-κB activity, proinflammatory cytokine, and ICAM-1 after TBI. Wild-type Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 (−/−)-deficient mice were subjected to a moderately severe weight-drop impact head injury. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed to analyze the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the production of tumor necrosis factor-α... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467901 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467900&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F407972.html Conclusion. Hcy may involve in the pathogenesis of BD by inducing inflammation. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467900 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467899&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F129873.html Recent experimental and clinical studies have placed new emphasis on the role of angiogenesis in chronic inflammatory disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are the best characterized system in the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by angiogenesis. Furthermore, in addition to its angiogenic role, VEGF can act as a direct proinflammatory mediator during the pathogenesis of RA, and protect rheumatoid synoviocytes from apoptosis, which contributes to synovial hyperplasia. Therefore, the developments of synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, and angiogenesis in the joints of RA patients seem to be regulated by a common cue, namely, VEGF. Agents that target VEGF, such as anti-VEGF antibody and aptamer, have yielded promising clinical data in patients with cancer... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467899 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467898&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2008%2F792428.html Vasoactive neuropeptides (VNs) such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have critical roles as neurotransmitters, vasodilators including perfusion and hypoxia regulators, as well as immune and nociception modulators. They have key roles in blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) including maintaining functional integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood spinal barrier (BSB). VNs are potent activators of adenylate cyclase and thus also have a key role in cyclic AMP production affecting regulatory T cell and other immune functions. Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are perivascular compartments surrounding small vessels with... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467898 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467897&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F132464.html The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). The study groups were consisted of 25 patients with PD and 25 matched healthy subjects as a control. The NO level of patients in PD group (2.3±0.4 μmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8±0.6 μmol/L) (P:.011). Although there were no statistically significant differences in the GH, IGF-1, and IGF BP-3 levels among the two groups, in this preliminary study, we found low NO and mildly elevated IGF-1 levels in the patients with PD. The results may be associated with adaptation or ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467897 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467896&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F535348.html Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine, and its receptor CD74 are upregulated by bladder inflammation. MIF-mediated signal transduction involves binding to cell-surface CD74, this study documents, in vivo, MIF-CD74 interactions at the urothelial cell surface. N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide biotin ester-labeled surface urothelial proteins in rats treated either with saline or substance P (SP, 40 μg/kg). The bladder was examined by histology and confocal microscopy. Biotinylated proteins were purified by avidin agarose, immunoprecipitated with anti-MIF or anti-CD74 antibodies, and detected with strepavidin-HRP. Only superficial urothelial cells were biotinylated. These cells contained a biotinylated MIF/CD74 cell-surface complex that was increased i... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467896 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467895&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F391682.html This study demonstrates that oxidative stress is related to cytokine response in the thyrotoxic rat. Melatonin treatment suppresses the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage as well as TNF-alpha response. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467895 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467894&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F705379.html In this study, we found that ketamine (100 and 250 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and IL-1β release in primary cultured microglia. However, ketamine (100 and 250 μM) did not significantly inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α production in microglia, except at the higher concentration (500 μM). Further study of the molecular mechanisms revealed that ketamine markedly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulated by LPS in microglia. These results suggest that microglial inactivation by ketamine is at least partially due to inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. (Source: Mediators of Infla... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467894 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467893&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F561532.html Plasma inflammatory markers have been shown to be predictors for cardiovascular risk, however, there is no study where the levels of plasma circulatory markers have been evaluated in coronary artery disease patients (CAD pts) positive for C. pneumoniae IgA and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) which may help in better understanding of disease pathogenesis. A total of 192 patients and 192 controls attending the Cardiology Outpatient Department of Safdarjung Hospital were enrolled. The levels of plasma circulatory inflammatory markers were evaluated by ELISA. The levels of circulatory plasma markers (IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) were significantly higher, whereas, levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly lower in CAD pts compared to healthy controls. The levels ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467893 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467892&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F417301.html This study investigated the alteration of inflammatory and endothelium dysfunction markers before and after LEBS in DM patients. Twenty one type 2 DM patients with LEBS were included. Blood was drawn before and at 1 day and 7 days after surgery in the patients. Plasma soluble cellular adhesion molecule levels and blood leukocyte integrin expressions were measured. Also, plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide were analyzed to evaluate the vascular endothelial function. The results showed that there were no significant differences in plasma cellular adhesion molecules, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels, nor did any differences in leukocyte integrin expressions before and after the operation. These results suggest that the efficacy of LEBS on alleviating inflammatory reacti... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467892 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467891&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F738038.html There is established concept that dendritic cells (DCs) play essential roles in the development of allergic immune responses. However, the influence of H1 receptor antagonists on DC functions is not well defined. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of epinastine hydrochloride (EP), the most notable histamine H1 receptor antagonists in Japan, on Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f)-pulsed mouse bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro and in vivo. EP at more than 25 ng/mL could significantly inhibit the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 from Der f-pulsed DCs, which was increased by Der f challenge in vitro. On the other hand, EP increased the ability of Der f-pulsed DCs to produce IL-12. Intranasal instillation of Der f-pulsed DCs resulted in nasal eosinophilia associ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467891 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467890&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F932515.html We investigated the effects of clopidogrel on reperfusion and inflammatory process in STEMI. A total of 175 STEMI patients with similar clinical characteristics were included to this study. One was the standard pharmacological reperfusion therapy group (group 1, n : 90), who received 300 mg aspirin, 70 U/kg bolus, and 12 U/kg/hr continuous infusion of unfractioned heparin and accelerated t-PA. Clopidogrel 450 mg loading and 75 mg/d thereafter was added to standard reperfusion therapy in the other group (group 2, n : 85). The ST-segment resolution, CK-MB, and high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) parameters were measured. Complete ST resolution was observed in 32 patients (36.8%) in group 1 and 53 patients (63.8%) in group 2 (P<.001). Also in the firs... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467890 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467889&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F752406.html Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system is a crucial player in atherosclerotic processes. The regulation of arterial blood pressure was considered from its first description of the main mechanism involved. Vasoconstriction (mediated by angiotensin II) and salt and water retention (mainly due to aldosterone) were classically considered as pivotal proatherosclerotic activities. However, basic research and animal studies strongly support angiotensin II as a proinflammatory mediator, which directly induces atherosclerotic plaque development and heart remodeling. Furthermore, angiotensin II induces proatherosclerotic cytokine and chemokine secretion and increases endothelial dysfunction. Accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system improves prognos... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467889 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467888&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F790174.html In mice, differential regulation of CXC chemokine receptor expression in circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) undergoing senescence results in homing to the bone marrow. However, the role of this compartment and of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is still under discussion, and only scarce data exist about CXCR4 function in human PMN. In our study, we provide evidence that also in human neutrophils, expression (cell surface and mRNA), chemotactic and signaling functions of the homing-related chemokine receptor CXCR4 are upregulated during aging in vitro, independent of addition of stimulatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-8, G-CSF). In contrast, interleukin-8 receptors are downmodulated (CXCR2) or remain unchanged (CXCR1), suggesting that human PMNs undergoing senescence acquire a pheno... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467888 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467887&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F415437.html MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in key biological processes via suppression of gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. According to their superior functions, subtle modulation of miR expression by certain compounds or nutrients is desirable under particular conditions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a reactive oxygen species-/NF-κB-dependent pathway which increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory miR-146a. We hypothesized that this induction could be modulated by the antioxidant ubiquinol-10. Preincubation of human monocytic THP-1 cells with ubiquinol-10 reduced the LPS-induced expression level of miR-146a to 78.9 ± 13.22%. In liver samples of mice injected with LPS, supplementation with ubiquinol-10 leads to a reduction of LPS-induced miR-146a e... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467887 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467886&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F102406.html Bradykinin (BK) has been tobe thought a potent mediator involved in allergic rhinitis because BK was recovered from the nasal lavage fluid of allergic rhinitis patients after allergen provocation and BK receptor antagonists relief nasal allergic symptoms. Two mammalian BK receptor subtypes, B1 and B2, have been defined based on their pharmacological properties. We investigated the localization of these receptors by immunohistochemistry. Human turbinates were obtained after turbinectomy from 12 patients with nasal obstruction refractory to medical therapy. The immunohistochemical study revealed that epithelial cells, submucosal glands, fibroblast, vascular smooth muscle, vascular endothelial cells, and macrophages showed immunoreactivity for both B1 and B2 receptors. The B2 receptor express... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467886 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467885&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F860565.html Sepsis-induced diaphragmatic inflammation has been associated with respiratory failure, but the role of chemokines in this process has not been evaluated. Here we sought to study the local expression and molecular regulation of the chemokines, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, in the murine diaphragm during sepsis. Constitutive expression levels of RANTES and MIP-1α, as well as their receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, were significantly higher in diaphragm than limb muscle. Sepsis was induced by acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) delivery or subacutely by intratracheal admi... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467885 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467884&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F125152.html Perforin-(P-) related characteristics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were investigated in peripheral blood of patients subjected to open (OC; n=23) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC; n=21) and healthy controls (n=20). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and 24 hours after the surgeries, and the data were correlated with the intensity of cholestasis and concomitant inflammation, determined by functional hepatic tests. Postoperative differences were found to be minimal: OC decreased only the percentage of CD56+ cells, while LC decreased the fraction of CD8+P+ cells and augmented the mean fluorescence intensity of P in CD56 cells. Patients elected for OC had, however, higher preoperative numbers of total P+, CD3+P+, and CD4+P+ cells than patients elected for LC ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467884 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467883&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F101659.html The integration of knowledge concerning the regulation of MT, a highly conserved, low molecular weight, cystein-rich metalloprotein, on its proposed functions is necessary to clarify how MT affects cellular processes. MT expression is induced/enhanced in various tissues by a number of physiological mediators. The cellular accumulation of MT depends on the availability of cellular zinc derived from the diet. MT modulates the binding and exchange/transport of heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, or copper under physiological conditions and cytoprotection from their toxicities, and the release of gaseous mediators such as hydroxyl radicals or nitric oxide. In addition, MT reportedly affects a number of cellular processes, such as gene expression, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467883 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467882&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F432493.html In conclusion, although mast cell proliferation is associated with colitis, these cells and their mediators appear to play no clear role in the colitis with relapses. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467882 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467881&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F826297.html Conclusions. Serum CRP levels and WBC count at entry are almost equally powerful independent predictors of LVSD, after an ACS. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467881 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467880&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F417658.html We examined the effect of iron chelators on IL-8 production in HeLa 229 (cervix epitheloid cell, CCL2) cells infected with C. trachomatis. IL-8 production was induced by Iron chelator DFO and Mimosine, however, synergy with chlamydial infection was obtained with DFO only. Temporal expression of proinflammatory secreted cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 did not show synchrony in Chlamydia trachomatis infected cells. Secretion of IL-8 from Hela cells infected with C. trachomatis was not dependent on IL-1 beta and TNF- alpha induction. These results indicate towards involvement of iron in chlamydia induced IL-8 production. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467880 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467879&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F510254.html The local immunoreactivity of C-reactive protein (CRP) was studied in a heterotopic porcine model of posttranplant obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). Bronchial allografts and control autografts were examined serially 2–28 days after subcutaneous transplantation. The autografts stayed patent. In the allografts, proliferation of inflammatory cells (P<.0001) and fibroblasts (P=.02) resulted in occlusion of the bronchial lumens (P<.01). Influx of CD4+ (P<.001) and CD8+ (P<.0001) cells demonstrated allograft immune response. CRP positivity simultaneously increased in the bronchial walls (P<.01), in macrophages, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Local CRP was predictive of features characteristic of OB (R=0.456–0.879, P< .05−P&#x003... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467879 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467878&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F297645.html Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans, have been traditionally associated with exaggerated and poorly controlled T helper (Th) type 1 or Th2 cell response, respectively. More recent studies have, however, shown that IBDs are also characterized by a sustained production of cytokines made by a distinct lineage of Th cells, termed Th17 cells. The demonstration that Th17-related cytokines cause pathology in many organs, including the gut, and that expansion and maintenance of Th17 cell responses require the activity of IL-23, a cytokine made in excess in the gut of IBD patients has contributed to elucidate new pathways of intestinal tissue damage as well as to design new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467878 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467877&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F831670.html Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and can vary from benign steatosis to end-stage liver disease. The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently thought to involve a multiple-hit process with the first hit being the accumulation of liver fat which is followed by the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. There is mounting evidence that cytokines secreted from adipose tissue, namely, adipokines, are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. In the current review, we explore the role of these adipokines, particularly leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin-6 in NASH, as elucidated in experimental models and clinical practice. We also comment on their pote... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467877 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467876&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2009%2F670480.html Conclusion. This study suggests that awake function-controlled craniotomy does not cause a significantly different inflammatory response than craniotomy performed under general anesthesia. It is also likely that function-controlled craniotomy does not cause a greater emotional challenge than tumor resection under general anesthesia. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467876 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100 2467876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2455850&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F831670 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and can vary from benign steatosis to end-stage liver disease. The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently thought to involve a multiple-hit process with the first hit being the accumulation of liver fat which is followed by the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. There is mounting evidence that cytokines secreted from adipose tissue, namely, adipokines, are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. In the current review, we explore the role of these adipokines, particularly leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin-6 in NASH, as elucidated in experimental models and clinical practice. We also comment on their pote... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2455850 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 22:36:50 +0100 2455850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2439767&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F297645 Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans, have been traditionally associated with exaggerated and poorly controlled T helper (Th) type 1 or Th2 cell response, respectively. More recent studies have, however, shown that IBDs are also characterized by a sustained production of cytokines made by a distinct lineage of Th cells, termed Th17 cells. The demonstration that Th17-related cytokines cause pathology in many organs, including the gut, and that expansion and maintenance of Th17 cell responses require the activity of IL-23, a cytokine made in excess in the gut of IBD patients has contributed to elucidate new pathways of intestinal tissue damage as well as to design new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2439767 Fri, 29 May 2009 01:49:53 +0100 2439767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2436167&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F826297 Conclusions. Serum CRP levels and WBC count at entry are almost equally powerful independent predictors of LVSD, after an ACS. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2436167 Wed, 27 May 2009 06:37:48 +0100 2436167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2436166&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F417658 We examined the effect of iron chelators on IL-8 production in HeLa 229 (cervix epitheloid cell, CCL2) cells infected with C. trachomatis. IL-8 production was induced by Iron chelator DFO and Mimosine, however, synergy with chlamydial infection was obtained with DFO only. Temporal expression of proinflammatory secreted cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 did not show synchrony in Chlamydia trachomatis infected cells. Secretion of IL-8 from Hela cells infected with C. trachomatis was not dependent on IL-1 beta and TNF- alpha induction. These results indicate towards involvement of iron in chlamydia induced IL-8 production. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2436166 Wed, 27 May 2009 06:37:48 +0100 2436166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2436165&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F510254 The local immunoreactivity of C-reactive protein (CRP) was studied in a heterotopic porcine model of posttranplant obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). Bronchial allografts and control autografts were examined serially 2–28 days after subcutaneous transplantation. The autografts stayed patent. In the allografts, proliferation of inflammatory cells (P<.0001) and fibroblasts (P=.02) resulted in occlusion of the bronchial lumens (P<.01). Influx of CD4+ (P<.001) and CD8+ (P<.0001) cells demonstrated allograft immune response. CRP positivity simultaneously increased in the bronchial walls (P<.01), in macrophages, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Local CRP was predictive of features characteristic of OB (R=0.456–0.879, P< .05−P&#x003... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2436165 Wed, 27 May 2009 06:37:48 +0100 2436165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2413032&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F101659 The integration of knowledge concerning the regulation of MT, a highly conserved, low molecular weight, cystein-rich metalloprotein, on its proposed functions is necessary to clarify how MT affects cellular processes. MT expression is induced/enhanced in various tissues by a number of physiological mediators. The cellular accumulation of MT depends on the availability of cellular zinc derived from the diet. MT modulates the binding and exchange/transport of heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, or copper under physiological conditions and cytoprotection from their toxicities, and the release of gaseous mediators such as hydroxyl radicals or nitric oxide. In addition, MT reportedly affects a number of cellular processes, such as gene expression, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2413032 Sat, 16 May 2009 03:45:43 +0100 2413032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2413031&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F432493 In conclusion, although mast cell proliferation is associated with colitis, these cells and their mediators appear to play no clear role in the colitis with relapses. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2413031 Sat, 16 May 2009 03:45:43 +0100 2413031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2396691&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F125152 Perforin-(P-) related characteristics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were investigated in peripheral blood of patients subjected to open (OC; n=23) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC; n=21) and healthy controls (n=20). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and 24 hours after the surgeries, and the data were correlated with the intensity of cholestasis and concomitant inflammation, determined by functional hepatic tests. Postoperative differences were found to be minimal: OC decreased only the percentage of CD56+ cells, while LC decreased the fraction of CD8+P+ cells and augmented the mean fluorescence intensity of P in CD56 cells. Patients elected for OC had, however, higher preoperative numbers of total P+, CD3+P+, and CD4+P+ cells than patients elected for LC ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2396691 Fri, 08 May 2009 02:01:37 +0100 2396691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2374154&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F860565 Sepsis-induced diaphragmatic inflammation has been associated with respiratory failure, but the role of chemokines in this process has not been evaluated. Here we sought to study the local expression and molecular regulation of the chemokines, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, in the murine diaphragm during sepsis. Constitutive expression levels of RANTES and MIP-1α, as well as their receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, were significantly higher in diaphragm than limb muscle. Sepsis was induced by acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) delivery or subacutely by intratracheal admi... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2374154 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 08:14:25 +0100 2374154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363614&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F102406 Bradykinin (BK) has been tobe thought a potent mediator involved in allergic rhinitis because BK was recovered from the nasal lavage fluid of allergic rhinitis patients after allergen provocation and BK receptor antagonists relief nasal allergic symptoms. Two mammalian BK receptor subtypes, B1 and B2, have been defined based on their pharmacological properties. We investigated the localization of these receptors by immunohistochemistry. Human turbinates were obtained after turbinectomy from 12 patients with nasal obstruction refractory to medical therapy. The immunohistochemical study revealed that epithelial cells, submucosal glands, fibroblast, vascular smooth muscle, vascular endothelial cells, and macrophages showed immunoreactivity for both B1 and B2 receptors. The B2 receptor express... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363614 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:31:49 +0100 2363614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339893&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F932515 We investigated the effects of clopidogrel on reperfusion and inflammatory process in STEMI. A total of 175 STEMI patients with similar clinical characteristics were included to this study. One was the standard pharmacological reperfusion therapy group (group 1, n : 90), who received 300 mg aspirin, 70 U/kg bolus, and 12 U/kg/hr continuous infusion of unfractioned heparin and accelerated t-PA. Clopidogrel 450 mg loading and 75 mg/d thereafter was added to standard reperfusion therapy in the other group (group 2, n : 85). The ST-segment resolution, CK-MB, and high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) parameters were measured. Complete ST resolution was observed in 32 patients (36.8%) in group 1 and 53 patients (63.8%) in group 2 (P<.001). Also in the firs... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339893 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 18:02:55 +0100 2339893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339892&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F752406 Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system is a crucial player in atherosclerotic processes. The regulation of arterial blood pressure was considered from its first description of the main mechanism involved. Vasoconstriction (mediated by angiotensin II) and salt and water retention (mainly due to aldosterone) were classically considered as pivotal proatherosclerotic activities. However, basic research and animal studies strongly support angiotensin II as a proinflammatory mediator, which directly induces atherosclerotic plaque development and heart remodeling. Furthermore, angiotensin II induces proatherosclerotic cytokine and chemokine secretion and increases endothelial dysfunction. Accordingly, the pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system improves prognos... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339892 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 18:02:55 +0100 2339892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339891&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F790174 In mice, differential regulation of CXC chemokine receptor expression in circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) undergoing senescence results in homing to the bone marrow. However, the role of this compartment and of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is still under discussion, and only scarce data exist about CXCR4 function in human PMN. In our study, we provide evidence that also in human neutrophils, expression (cell surface and mRNA), chemotactic and signaling functions of the homing-related chemokine receptor CXCR4 are upregulated during aging in vitro, independent of addition of stimulatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-8, G-CSF). In contrast, interleukin-8 receptors are downmodulated (CXCR2) or remain unchanged (CXCR1), suggesting that human PMNs undergoing senescence acquire a pheno... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339891 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 18:02:55 +0100 2339891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339890&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F415437 MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in key biological processes via suppression of gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. According to their superior functions, subtle modulation of miR expression by certain compounds or nutrients is desirable under particular conditions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a reactive oxygen species-/NF-κB-dependent pathway which increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory miR-146a. We hypothesized that this induction could be modulated by the antioxidant ubiquinol-10. Preincubation of human monocytic THP-1 cells with ubiquinol-10 reduced the LPS-induced expression level of miR-146a to 78.9 ± 13.22%. In liver samples of mice injected with LPS, supplementation with ubiquinol-10 leads to a reduction of LPS-induced miR-146a e... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339890 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 18:02:55 +0100 2339890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323983&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F391682 This study demonstrates that oxidative stress is related to cytokine response in the thyrotoxic rat. Melatonin treatment suppresses the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative damage as well as TNF-alpha response. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323983 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:45:42 +0100 2323983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323982&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F705379 In this study, we found that ketamine (100 and 250 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and IL-1β release in primary cultured microglia. However, ketamine (100 and 250 μM) did not significantly inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α production in microglia, except at the higher concentration (500 μM). Further study of the molecular mechanisms revealed that ketamine markedly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulated by LPS in microglia. These results suggest that microglial inactivation by ketamine is at least partially due to inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. (Source: Mediators of Infla... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323982 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:45:42 +0100 2323982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323981&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F561532 Plasma inflammatory markers have been shown to be predictors for cardiovascular risk, however, there is no study where the levels of plasma circulatory markers have been evaluated in coronary artery disease patients (CAD pts) positive for C. pneumoniae IgA and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) which may help in better understanding of disease pathogenesis. A total of 192 patients and 192 controls attending the Cardiology Outpatient Department of Safdarjung Hospital were enrolled. The levels of plasma circulatory inflammatory markers were evaluated by ELISA. The levels of circulatory plasma markers (IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) were significantly higher, whereas, levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly lower in CAD pts compared to healthy controls. The levels ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323981 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:45:42 +0100 2323981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323978&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F417301 This study investigated the alteration of inflammatory and endothelium dysfunction markers before and after LEBS in DM patients. Twenty one type 2 DM patients with LEBS were included. Blood was drawn before and at 1 day and 7 days after surgery in the patients. Plasma soluble cellular adhesion molecule levels and blood leukocyte integrin expressions were measured. Also, plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide were analyzed to evaluate the vascular endothelial function. The results showed that there were no significant differences in plasma cellular adhesion molecules, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide levels, nor did any differences in leukocyte integrin expressions before and after the operation. These results suggest that the efficacy of LEBS on alleviating inflammatory reacti... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323978 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:45:42 +0100 2323978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323977&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F738038 There is established concept that dendritic cells (DCs) play essential roles in the development of allergic immune responses. However, the influence of H1 receptor antagonists on DC functions is not well defined. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of epinastine hydrochloride (EP), the most notable histamine H1 receptor antagonists in Japan, on Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f)-pulsed mouse bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro and in vivo. EP at more than 25 ng/mL could significantly inhibit the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 from Der f-pulsed DCs, which was increased by Der f challenge in vitro. On the other hand, EP increased the ability of Der f-pulsed DCs to produce IL-12. Intranasal instillation of Der f-pulsed DCs resulted in nasal eosinophilia associ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323977 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:45:42 +0100 2323977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283190&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F535348 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an inflammatory cytokine, and its receptor CD74 are upregulated by bladder inflammation. MIF-mediated signal transduction involves binding to cell-surface CD74, this study documents, in vivo, MIF-CD74 interactions at the urothelial cell surface. N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide biotin ester-labeled surface urothelial proteins in rats treated either with saline or substance P (SP, 40 μg/kg). The bladder was examined by histology and confocal microscopy. Biotinylated proteins were purified by avidin agarose, immunoprecipitated with anti-MIF or anti-CD74 antibodies, and detected with strepavidin-HRP. Only superficial urothelial cells were biotinylated. These cells contained a biotinylated MIF/CD74 cell-surface complex that was increased i... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283190 Sun, 22 Mar 2009 16:52:58 +0100 2283190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2257643&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F132464 The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). The study groups were consisted of 25 patients with PD and 25 matched healthy subjects as a control. The NO level of patients in PD group (2.3±0.4 μmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8±0.6 μmol/L) (P:.011). Although there were no statistically significant differences in the GH, IGF-1, and IGF BP-3 levels among the two groups, in this preliminary study, we found low NO and mildly elevated IGF-1 levels in the patients with PD. The results may be associated with adaptation or ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2257643 Fri, 13 Mar 2009 03:36:51 +0100 2257643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2191741&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F792428 Vasoactive neuropeptides (VNs) such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have critical roles as neurotransmitters, vasodilators including perfusion and hypoxia regulators, as well as immune and nociception modulators. They have key roles in blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) including maintaining functional integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood spinal barrier (BSB). VNs are potent activators of adenylate cyclase and thus also have a key role in cyclic AMP production affecting regulatory T cell and other immune functions. Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are perivascular compartments surrounding small vessels with... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2191741 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 20:57:28 +0100 2191741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2174162&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F129873 Recent experimental and clinical studies have placed new emphasis on the role of angiogenesis in chronic inflammatory disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are the best characterized system in the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by angiogenesis. Furthermore, in addition to its angiogenic role, VEGF can act as a direct proinflammatory mediator during the pathogenesis of RA, and protect rheumatoid synoviocytes from apoptosis, which contributes to synovial hyperplasia. Therefore, the developments of synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, and angiogenesis in the joints of RA patients seem to be regulated by a common cue, namely, VEGF. Agents that target VEGF, such as anti-VEGF antibody and aptamer, have yielded promising clinical data in patients with cancer... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2174162 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 01:29:47 +0100 2174162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2151042&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F407972 Conclusion. Hcy may involve in the pathogenesis of BD by inducing inflammation. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2151042 Mon, 02 Feb 2009 16:01:36 +0100 2151042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131916&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F164134 Decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or excess levels of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) may contribute to dysregulation of extracellular matrix turnover in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In a cross-sectional study of 106 SSc patients, we measured serum levels of TIMP-4 which is preferentially expressed in cardiovascular structures and searched for correlations with simultaneously performed echocardiography measurements of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), myocardial performance, and pulmonary function tests. TIMP-4, but not MMP-9, levels were significantly raised in patients with SSc than controls. However, in the subgroup of patients with PASP measurements lower to 40 mmHg (n=69), TIMP-4 levels were comparable to controls irrespective of the presence of diffus... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131916 Sun, 25 Jan 2009 11:42:14 +0100 2131916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2131915&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F725174 Inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cytoprotection against inflammation. The present study investigated the role of Nrf2 in the cerebral upregulation of NF-κB activity, proinflammatory cytokine, and ICAM-1 after TBI. Wild-type Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 (−/−)-deficient mice were subjected to a moderately severe weight-drop impact head injury. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed to analyze the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the production of tumor necrosis factor-α... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2131915 Sun, 25 Jan 2009 11:42:14 +0100 2131915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2101980&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F298010 We investigated the inhibitory effects of hydroquinone on cytokine release, phagocytosis, NO production, ROS generation, cell-cell/cell fibronectin adhesion, and lymphocyte proliferation. We found that hydroquinone suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6], secretion of toxic molecules [nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)], phagocytic uptake of FITC-labeled dextran, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, U937 cell-cell adhesion induced by CD18 and CD29, and the proliferation of lymphocytes from the bone marrow and spleen. Considering that (1) environmental chemical stressors reduce the immune response of chronic cigarette smokers and children against bacterial and viral infections an... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2101980 Wed, 14 Jan 2009 12:11:12 +0100 2101980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2096199&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F109502 Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), which include cardiovascular disease, some cancers, for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. It has now become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of most CNCDs. Given that regular exercise offers protection against all causes of mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, we suggest that exercise may exert some of its beneficial health effects by inducing anti-inflammatory actions. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, which is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. We suggest that skeletal musc... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2096199 Mon, 12 Jan 2009 11:10:20 +0100 2096199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2096198&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F291808 We previously showed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily, p44/p42 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal (JNK), positively plays a part in the platelet-derived growth factor-BB- (PDGF-BB-) stimulated synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a potent bone resorptive agent, in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells while Akt and p70 S6 kinase negatively regulates the synthesis. In the present study, we investigated whether (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major green tea flavonoids, affects the synthesis of IL-6 in these cells and the mechanism. EGCG significantly reduced the IL-6 synthesis and IL-6 mRNA expression stimulated by PDGF-BB, EGCG reduced the PDGF-BB-stimulated IL-6 synthesis also in primary-cultured osteob... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2096198 Mon, 12 Jan 2009 11:10:20 +0100 2096198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2081662&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F186584 Tumor sections from nonneoplastic (n=15), benign (n=28), and malignant ovarian tumors (n=20) were obtained from 63 women. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor sections demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was increased in ovarian cancer samples compared to nonneoplastic or benign tumor samples. Using the Griess method, nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels were also found to be elevated in malignant tumor samples compared to benign tumor samples (P<.05). For stage I ovarian cancer, intracystic NO levels >80 μM were more frequent than NO levels <80 μM, and iNOS expression in well-differentiated carcinomas was greater than in moderately/poorly differentiated carcinomas (P<.05). These data suggest an important r... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2081662 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 12:03:00 +0100 2081662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2075956&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F619704 We examined the association of both the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and the interleukin 1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) with future blood pressure (BP) and HT occurrence (BP≥140/90 mmHg, or antihypertensive drug) in a population-based prospective study. Our study consisted of 396 (147 men and 249 women) middle-aged, baseline apparently healthy, normotensive subjects participating in a 6.5-year follow-up study. Subjects with high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP)<10 mg/L were excluded at the initial visit. At follow-up, the occurrence of HT was 32%. The levels of baseline IL-1β and IL-1ra were significantly higher for subjects who developed HT during the follow-up than for those who did not (IL-1β; 0.67 ± 0.62 pg/mL versus 0.56 ± 0... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2075956 Sat, 03 Jan 2009 17:24:21 +0100 2075956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2062428&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F640659 Discussion. The HPAA response to trauma and the development of PTP are extremely complex. It is unlikely that a simple blood assay will provide significant predictive information, while incident specific information and patient perception are of more practical use. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2062428 Wed, 24 Dec 2008 16:39:27 +0100 2062428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2056646&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F892864 Resistin has been shown to cause insulin resistance and to impair glucose tolerance in rodents, but in humans its physiological role still remains elusive. The aim of this study was to examine whether resistin mRNA expression in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its corresponding plasma levels are altered in type 2 diabetes. Resistin mRNA levels were easily detectable in human PBMC, and found to be higher in DM2 compared to healthy women (P=.05). Similarly, mononuclear mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were all significantly higher in DM2 compared to control women (P<.001). The corresponding plasma resistin levels were slightly, but not significantly, increased in DM2 women (P=.051), and overall, they correlated significan... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2056646 Mon, 22 Dec 2008 12:53:52 +0100 2056646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2056645&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F534532 Topical microbicides are intended for frequent use by women in reproductive age. Hence, it is essential to evaluate their impact on mucosal immune function in the vagina. In the present study, we evaluated nisin, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide (AMP), for its efficacy as an intravaginal microbicide. Its effect on the vaginal immune function was determined by localizing Toll-like receptors (TLRs-3, 9) and cytokines (IL-4, 6 , 10 and TNF-α) in the rabbit cervicovaginal epithelium following intravaginal administration of high dose of nisin gel for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed no alteration in the expression of TLRs and cytokines at both protein and mRNA levels. However, in SDS gel-treated group, the levels were significantly upregulated with the induction of NF-&... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2056645 Mon, 22 Dec 2008 12:53:52 +0100 2056645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2007266&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F106507 Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase. It can decrease the production of superoxide (O2−) from activated neutrophils and macrophages while the ability of phagocytosis remains unaffected. The anti-inflammatory activity of apocynin has been demonstrated in a variety of cell and animal models of inflammation. Apocynin, after metabolic conversion, inhibits the assembly of NADPH-oxidase that is responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It is, therefore, extensively used to reveal the role of this enzyme in cell and experimental models. Although some of the ROS serve as signaling molecules in the cells, excessive production is damaging and has been implicated to play an important role in the pro... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2007266 Wed, 03 Dec 2008 15:16:47 +0100 2007266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1999620&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F496467 In two in vitro studies, we examined the immunological (pathways of the) effects of Citrus/Cydonia comp. from, respectively, a healthy and an allergic donor; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated out of peripheral blood and analyzed in vitro after polyclonal stimulation of T-cells. The differentiation capacity and the influence with regard to Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-5) cells were examined. Citrus/Cydonia comp. has a selective effect on the differentiation of T-cells by producing relatively more IL-10 than IL-12. By that, it also seems to have an effect on the induction of regulatory (IL-10 producing) T-cell subsets. It is in vitro capable of neutralizing (to some extent) the changes, characteristic to allergic rhinitis, with regard to the maturation, differentiatio... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1999620 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 12:53:44 +0100 1999620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1999619&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F305087 In conclusion, among the four tested ACE-I, zofenoprilat was more effective in improving endothelin-1/nitric oxide balance in HUVECs likely because of its greater antioxidant properties. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1999619 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 12:53:44 +0100 1999619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1964734&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F737141 Conclusion. Present study suggests that CRP seems to be the most helpful indicator and PCT and TNF-α may be useful markers for the early diagnosis of NLS. However, SAA, IL-1β, and TSS are not reliable markers for the diagnosis and follow-up of NLS. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1964734 Mon, 17 Nov 2008 11:39:52 +0100 1964734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1930937&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F512196 High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a DNA-binding protein secreted by activated monocytes and has been identified as a key late mediator of endotoxic shock. We investigated the regulation of HMGB-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following stimulation with the staphylococcal superantigen, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and found that TSST-1, like LPS, induced the secretion of HMGB-1 from human PBMC. However, unlike monocyte-driven sepsis caused by endotoxin, translocation and secretion of HMGB-1 mediated by TSST-1 was dependent on the presence of both activated T cells and monocytes. Furthermore, we show that nuclear HMGB-1 is released from TSST-1 stimulated T cells. This finding presents a basis for investigating the potential of targeting HMGB-1 for the tre... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1930937 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 17:04:16 +0100 1930937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1889259&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F309721 IL-18 has proinflammatory effects and participates in both innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immunity. A number of SNPs that influence IL-18 production are found in the gene promoter region. We investigated the association of SNPs in the IL-18 promoter at −607 and −137 with the level of IL-18 protein production by PBMC from healthy donors from Southwestern Siberia. The genetic distribution of these SNPs in the promoter site was established by PCR. IL-18 protein production was determined by ELISA. Our results showed that PBMC from donors carrying allele 137C have lower levels of both spontaneous and LPS-stimulated IL-18 production. In contrast, PBMC from donors carrying allele 607A showed significant increases in spontaneous and stimulated IL-18 production compared to w... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1889259 Mon, 20 Oct 2008 14:56:25 +0100 1889259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1734744&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F614345 In the inflammosome complex, NALP3 or NALP1 binds to ASC and activates caspase-1 which induces IL-1β. In murine LPS-induced ocular inflammation, the production of IL-1β is increased. We suggest that NALP3- or NALP1-inflammasome complex can be participating in the LPS-induced ocular inflammation. In this work, eye, brain, testis, heart, spleen, and lung were obtained from C3H/HeN mice treated with LPS for 3 to 48 hours, and the expression of NALP1b, NALP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was determined. Infiltrated leukocytes producing IL-1β in the anterior chamber were found at 12-hour posttreatment. A high upregulated expression of NALP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was found at the same time when infiltrated leukocytes were observed... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1734744 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 14:46:34 +0100 1734744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1720940&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F239740 This study examined the role of lymphotoxin (LT)-α in host defense against airborne infection with Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Following a low-dose aerosol infection with the highly virulent type A strain of F. tularensis, mice deficient in LT α (LTα−/−) consistently harbored approximately 10-fold fewer bacteria in their spleens at day 2 and 10-fold more bacteria in their lungs at day 4 than LTα+/+ mice. However, the mortality and median time to death were indistinguishable between the two mouse strains. In addition, the inflammatory responses to the infection, as reflected by the cytokine levels and leukocyte influx in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and hi... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1720940 Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:08:46 +0100 1720940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1714722&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F265095 Angiogenesis is an important event both in the development of allergic inflammatory responses and in the pathophysiology of tissue remodeling in allergic diseases. In the present study, therefore, we examined the influence of antihistamines on angiogenesis through the choice of epinastine hydrochloride (EP) and murine mast cells in vitro. Mast cells (5×105 cells/mL) presensitized with murine IgE specific for ovalbumin (OVA) were stimulated with 10 ng/mL OVA in the presence of various concentrations of EP for 4 hours. The levels of angiogenesis factors, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in culture supernatants, were examined by ELISA. We... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1714722 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 14:24:24 +0100 1714722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1639584&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F680981 Conclusions. We found indications that endothelial dysfunction plays a role in chronic CRPS. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1639584 Sun, 20 Jul 2008 15:18:14 +0100 1639584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1556764&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F767623 The dysregulation of the insulin-glucose axis represents the crucial event in insulin resistance syndrome. Insulin resistance increases atherogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque instability by inducing proinflammatory activities on vascular and immune cells. This condition characterizes several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other endocrinopathies, but also cancer. Recent studies suggest that the pathophysiology of insulin resistance is closely related to interferences with insulin-mediated intracellular signaling on skeletal muscle cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Strong evidence supports the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in promoting insulin resistance. The FFA-induced activ... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1556764 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:34:52 +0100 1556764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1556763&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F874962 In conclusion, the observation that Cdt affects the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines provides further evidence for the role played by Cdt in modulating pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1556763 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:34:52 +0100 1556763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1556762&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F202646 Conclusion. CD64 MFI, CD163 MFI, CD64 indexes for neutrophils and monocytes, and CD163 index for neutrophils can all be used for discrimination of SIRS and sepsis in critically ill neonates and children. CD64 index for neutrophils, however, is superior to all other markers. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1556762 Tue, 01 Jul 2008 11:34:52 +0100 1556762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544868&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F469439 In an earlier study, levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 are higher in blisters fluid from the complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) side obtained at 6 and 30 months (median) after the initial event. The aim of this follow-up study is to determine the involvement of these cytokines in long lasting CRPS1. Twelve CRPS1 patients, with median disease duration of 72 months, participated. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in blister fluid; disease activity was reevaluated by measuring pain and differences in temperature, volume, and mobility between both extremities. Differences in levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and mobility between both sides were significantly decreased. Pain and differences in temperature and volume were not significantly alt... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544868 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 00:07:14 +0100 1544868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1539291&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F875394 As most studies on pemphigus vulgaris (PV) pathogenesis concern its active stage, we aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in PV patients in clinical remission. The study group consisted of sera from 19 PV patients in active stage and from 24 patients in clinical remission. 19 sera taken from healthy subjects served as the controls. Serum IL-6 concentrations in PV active and PV remission group were significantly higher when compared to the controls (P<.05). In patients in active stage of PV, a significant correlation between serum IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations was found (rP=0.46;P<.05). We also found a negative correlation between TNF-α level and pemphigus antibodies titer in the patients from the remission group (rS=−0.47303;... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1539291 Mon, 23 Jun 2008 23:30:07 +0100 1539291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1539290&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F132732 Conclusion. PBMCs from recent-onset RA patients are overresponsive to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. TLR expression is differentially regulated in healthy and arthritic subjects. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1539290 Mon, 23 Jun 2008 23:30:07 +0100 1539290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1522882&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F168652 Septic shock (SS)-related multiorgan dysfunction has been associated with oxidative damage, but little is known about the temporal damage profile and its relationship to severity. The present work investigated prospectively 21 SS patients. Blood samples were obtained at diagnosis, 24, 72 hours, day 7, and at 3 months. At admission, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), plasma protein carbonyls, plasma protein methionine sulfoxide (MS), ferric/reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total red blood cell glutathione (RBCG), uric acid (UA), and bilirrubin levels were increased (P<.05). Total radical—trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) and vitamin-E were similar to controls, and vitamin-C was decreased (P<.05). During evolution, TBARS and RBCG increased (P<.001)... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1522882 Tue, 17 Jun 2008 08:10:54 +0100 1522882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1510155&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F725854 Activation of NF-κB is known to prevent apoptosis but may also act as proapoptotic factor in order to eliminate inflammatory cells. Here, we show that classical NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages upon short E. coli coculture is necessary to promote cell death at late time points. At 48 hours subsequent to short-term, E. coli challenge increased survival of NF-κB-suppressed macrophages was associated with pattern of autophagy whereas macrophages with normal NF-κB signalling die. Cell death of normal macrophages was indicated by preceding downregulation of autophagy associated genes atg5 and beclin1. Restimulation of macrophages with LPS at 48 hours after E. coli treatment results in augmented proinflam... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1510155 Thu, 12 Jun 2008 00:44:01 +0100 1510155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1489740&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2007%2F53805 Conclusion: Our pilot experiments draw attention to the HMGB1 inducing ability of Mycobacterium bovis. Assesment of the pathophysiological role of this late cytokine in mycobacterial infections demands further in vitro and in vivo examinations. (Source: Mediators of Inflammation) Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1489740 Tue, 03 Jun 2008 22:24:11 +0100 1489740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1489739&cid=s_37035_60_f&fid=37035&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2007%2F65032 Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays vital roles in immune response, angiogenesis, and pregnancy outcome. We investigated plasma MCP-1 concentrations in 40 mothers and their 20 intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR) and 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses and neonates on postnatal days 1 (N1) and 4 (N4). Maternal and fetal MCP-1 concentrations were decreased (P<001 and P = .018, resp.), whereas N1 MCP-1 concentrations were elevated in IUGR group (P = .012). In both groups, fetal MCP-1 concentrations were lower compared to N1 and N4 ones (P = .045, P = .012, resp., for AGA, P< .001 in each case for IUGR). Reduced maternal and fetal MCP-1 concentrations in IUGR may reflect failure of trophoblast invasion, suggesting that down-regulation of MCP-1 may be in... Mediators of Inflammation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1489739 Tue, 03 Jun 2008 22:24:11 +0100 1489739