Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental via MedWorm.com

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 17:18:58 +0100

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Editorial Board

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 17:18:58 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 17:18:58 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Masthead

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 17:18:55 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Editorial Board

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 15:56:45 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 15:56:45 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 15:56:45 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Masthead

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 15:56:40 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 16:00:52 +0100

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Editorial Board

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 16:00:51 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 16:00:51 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Masthead

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 16:00:47 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Potential mechanisms linking low-fat diet to inflammation and metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We thank Dr Kawada for his interest and comments regarding our recent publication on low-fat diet and C-reactive protein (CRP) and welcome the opportunity to respond. In our study, results showed that change in CRP was significantly greater in the low-fat diet group compared with the exercise group, but only in women classified with metabolic syndrome . The positive effects of a low-fat diet on inflammation were not found in men overall, women overall, men with or without the metabolic syndrome, or women without the metabolic syndrome . (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Biological markers, lifestyle factors, and metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

One-year randomized controlled trial with special reference to diet and/or physical activity on serum C-reactive protein (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) was presented by Camhi et al . The analysis was stratified by the existence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and precise intervention protocol was adopted. A randomized controlled trial is the most valid procedure to elucidate cause-effect relationship, and they concluded that low-fat diet was the strongest predictor to reduce CRP as a biological marker in women. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Enhanced levels of soluble CD40 ligand and C-reactive protein in a total of 312 patients with metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, elevated levels of WBC, hs-CRP, and sCD40L in MS patients provide further insight into the relationship between MS and inflammation. In our study, positive correlations between BMI and both hs-CRP and sCD40L levels suggest that BMI is an important determinant of a chronic inflammatory state in patients with MS. Moreover, this study reports significantly increased levels of WBC, hs-CRP, and sCD40L not only in diabetic subjects with MS but also in prediabetic subjects and nondiabetic subjects with MS compared with control subjects. Our data suggest that MS patients have proinflammatory state independent of their glucose tolerance status. In our study, the positive correlation between the levels of sCD40L and platelets in patients with MS supports previous reports indicating th...

Soluble adhesion molecule E-selectin predicts cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Soluble adhesion molecule E-selectin (sE-selectin) is a marker of endothelial activation. To investigate whether high serum concentrations of sE-selectin could predict cardiovascular events, we followed 392 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had no history of cardiovascular disease for a mean period of 6 years. The cardiovascular end points were defined as fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and sudden death. During the follow-up period, 51 patients reached end point. Patients who reached end point were significantly older and had longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure, higher hemoglobin A1c, higher plasma glucose, higher sE-selectin, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with those free of suc...

Diabetic retinopathy is associated with visceral fat accumulation in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and increased of visceral fat accumulation (VFA) are associated with high mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This preliminary study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that DR is associated with insulin resistance and VFA in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without insulin treatment. A total of 102 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into 2 groups: DR group (age, 60 ± 6 years [mean ± SD]; n = 31) and no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (59 ± 5 years, n = 71). The level of blood glucose was assessed by fasting plasma glucose, fasting immunoreactive insulin, homeostasis model assessment index, and hemoglobin A1c. The fat distribution was evaluated by measuring the VFA by abdominal computed tomography at...

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 15:55:53 +0100

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Editorial Board

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 15:55:53 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 15:55:53 +0100

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Masthead

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 15:55:46 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Modification of the acceptance policy for manuscripts

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The implementation of the Elsevier Editorial System by Metabolism has greatly increased the number of manuscripts submitted to the Journal. In consideration of this increase in quantity of submissions and knowing that we can only publish a certain number of pages per year, the Journal's acceptance policy has been significantly changed. In the past, a priority system was instituted based primarily on the scientific merit of the manuscript. The best priority was 1, and the worst priority was 5. Based on this system, for a manuscript to be accepted, it had to receive an average priority of 3 or better from the reviewers. Thus, many manuscripts were rejected although they were scientifically acceptable, but had a priority score of more than 3. As long as the number of manuscripts submitted to ...

Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone and/or exercise training on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, with inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c >7%) despite combined treatment with gliclazide plus metformin, were randomized using a 2 × 2 factorial design to 4 equivalent (n = 25) groups, as follows: (1) CO: maintenance of habitual activities, (2) RSG: add-on therapy with rosiglitazone (8 mg/d), (3) EX: adjunctive exercise training, and (4) RSG + EX: supplementary administration of rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) plus exercise training. No participant had diabetic vascular complications or was receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Anthropometric paramet...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced postprandial adiponectin response: a possible link with diabetic postprandial dyslipidemia

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We investigated postprandial plasma and adipose tissue (AT) adiponectin changes in relation to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fasting and 6 hours after a standard fat-rich meal blood samples (adiponectin, glucose, insulin, lipids) and needle biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous AT (adiponectin messenger RNA, lipoprotein lipase activity) were taken in 10 obese diabetic (OD), 11 obese nondiabetic (OND), and 11 normal-weight control (C) men. The OD and OND subjects had similar adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference) and insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp). Fasting plasma adiponectin and AT gene expression were not significantly different between groups. After meal, plasma adiponectin decreased in OD but significantly increased in OND and C, the chang...

Relation of −55CT polymorphism of uncoupling protein 3 gene with fat mass and insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, mutant-type group of –55CC UCP3 gene patients had higher weight, fat mass, and insulin resistance than wild-type group. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Dysregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein–1c in livers of morbidly obese women is associated with altered suppressor of cytokine signaling–3 and signal transducer and activator of transcription–1 signaling

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We compared hepatic expression of genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis and metabolic signaling in liver biopsy specimens from women who were undergoing gastric bypass surgery (GBP) for morbid obesity with that in women undergoing ventral hernia repair who had experienced massive weight loss (MWL) after prior GBP. Comprehensive metabolic profiles of morbidly obese (MO) (22 subjects) and MWL (9 subjects) were also compared. Analyses of gene expression in liver biopsies from MO and MWL were accomplished by Affymetrix microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting techniques. After GBP, MWL subjects had lost on average 102 lb as compared with MO subjects. This was accompanied by effective reversal of the dyslipidemia and insulin resistance that were present i...

Gly482Ser polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator–1α gene is associated with oxidative stress and abdominal obesity

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to o investigate the relationship of the Gly482Ser (G482S) polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator–1α (PPARGC1A) gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and oxidative status in Chinese adults. We enrolled 276 T2DM patients and 1049 nondiabetic subjects aged at least 35 years. The G482S variant was detected using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured in plasma samples. The homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was determined for nondiabetic subjects. P values were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index by using a generalized linear model. In ...

Association of FTO gene with hyperandrogenemia and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Variants in the fat mass and obesity–associated gene (FTO) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are frequently affected by obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of FTO variants (rs9939609) on metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS women. We genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 (T/A) in 288 PCOS women and performed metabolic and hormonal measurements, oral glucose tolerance test, hirsutism score, and lipometry. The A/T + A/A genotype showed an increased prevalence in overweight/obese PCOS patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, P = .028) and in PCOS women with impaired glucose tolerance (OR = 3.23, P = .009). The A allele was associated with a si...

Cytokines and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study does not support an association between plasma IL-6 or TNF-α and low insulin sensitivity or clustering of CVD risk factors in a young cohort. Inflammation was more pronounced in fat and unfit children based on the association with CRP levels. The association between fitness and fatness variables, insulin resistance, and clustered risk could be caused by other mechanisms related to these exposures. The role of IL-6 remains unclear. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiles alterations in fatty liver induced by high-fat diet in rat

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Excessive energy intake greatly contributes to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in modern society. To better understand the comprehensive mechanisms of NAFLD development, we investigated the metabolic alterations of rats with NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were fed a HFD or standard chow for control. After 16 weeks, rat serum was collected for biochemical measurement. The rats' livers were resected and subjected to histology inspection and gene expression analysis with complementary DNA microarray and metabolic analysis with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. In HFD rats, the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin contents were increased; and the total cholesterol and triglycerides in the livers were also sig...

Serum ferritin is a major determinant of lipid phenotype in familial combined hyperlipidemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective was to describe the frequency of iron overload and the relationship between serum ferritin and the phenotype in patients with FCH and FHTG. The study was composed of 211 consecutive unrelated patients aged at least 18 years with primary hypertriglyceridemia, 149 with FCH, and 62 with FHTG. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and hyperferritinemia was very high in both hypertriglyceridemic groups (51.7% and 20.1% in FCH and 62.9% and 16.1% in FHTG, respectively), without significant statistical differences between them. Serum ferritin concentration did not show any significant association with the number of metabolic syndrome criteria. Subjects in the highest tertile of ferritin concentration (ferritin >200 μg/L) presented higher concentrations of triglycerides and liver...

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 16:01:54 +0100

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Editorial Board

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 16:01:54 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 16:01:54 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Masthead

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 16:01:48 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Dysregulation of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, blood pressure, and oxidative stress after an oral glucose tolerance test in men with abdominal obesity

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Postprandial metabolic dysregulation plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Visceral fat accumulation is an important component of various metabolic disorders including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which correlate with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial response of various metabolic parameters, blood pressure, adiponectin, and oxidative stress to 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in men with (n = 23) and without (n = 7) abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (WC) cutoff value of 85 cm (based on the Japanese criteria for the metabolic syndrome). The cross-sectional prospective study included 30 male subjects who were on no medications and newly diagnosed with mild h...

Enhanced neutrophil expression of annexin-1 in coronary artery disease

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The systemic inflammatory activity in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with a dysregulated cortisol response. Moreover, an aberrant activation status of neutrophils in CAD has been discussed; and the question of glucocorticoid resistance has been raised. The anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by annexin-1 (ANXA1). We investigated the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and ANXA1, as well as the exogenous effects of ANXA1 on neutrophils in CAD patients and related the data to diurnal salivary cortisol. Salivary cortisol levels were measured in the morning and evening during 3 consecutive days in 30 CAD patients and 30 healthy individuals. The neutrophil expression of GR and ANXA1 was determined by flow cytometry. The e...

Preliminary report: Hepatic fat and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Although the association between inflammation and hepatic fat is fairly established, it remains unclear whether this association is independent of general measures of obesity and standard cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of hepatic steatosis as an independent predictor of chronic inflammation in 281 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Reduced hepatic steatosis significantly (P < .01) correlated with C-reactive protein (r = −0.16) and adiponectin (r = 0.23). The association of hepatic steatosis with both C-reactive protein and adiponectin remained significant after adjustment for age, ethnicity, body mass index (or waist circumference), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. These data ...

Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes in culture and raises serum free fatty acid levels in vivo

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates adipocyte lipolysis, but signal transduction pathways activated by TSH for this response have not been directly studied. Using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as primary human adipocytes, we characterized the lipolytic action of TSH with dose-response and time-course studies, and compared it with isoproterenol. Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulated phosphorylation of perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Inhibition of protein kinase A with H89 blocked TSH-stimulated lipolysis as well as phosphorylation of perilipin and HSL. Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulated lipolysis in vivo, as indicated by an elevation in serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels after recombinant human TSH administration to thyroidectomized patients ...

The association of tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 and tumor necrosis factor α with insulin resistance and the influence of adipose tissue biomarkers in humans

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a proinflammatory adipokine hypothesized to link obesity with insulin resistance. Functional studies suggest that TNFα acts through pathways involving adipokines and fatty acids to induce insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that the association of measures of TNFα activity with insulin resistance is independent of obesity and adipose tissue biomarkers. We analyzed data from 2131 participants (without diabetes) of the Framingham Offspring Study examination 7. The outcome of interest was insulin resistance, measured using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Tumor necrosis factor α activity was measured by plasma tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 (TNFr2) or TNFα; possible confounders included adipose tissue biomarkers (plasm...

Carotid intima-media thickness, dietary intake, and cardiovascular phenotypes in adolescents: relation to metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Little is known about the interrelationships between metabolic syndrome (MS), uric acid, and early carotid atherosclerosis with diet in adolescents. We investigated associations among diet, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), MS, uric acid, and other cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Two hundred forty-nine adolescents from 3 high schools in Central California—a predominately Hispanic (n = 119, 16.1 ± 0.9 years old, 94% Hispanic), a mixed-ethnicity (n = 94, 15.7 ± 1.2 years old), and a Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) (n = 33, 17.0 ± 1.3 years old) high school—were assessed for cIMT, blood lipids, uric acid, blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and dietary intake. Compared with SDA adolescents, the predominately Hispanic and m...

Elevation of plasma retinol-binding protein 4 and reduction of plasma adiponectin in subjects with cerebral infarction

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and adiponectin levels in subjects with cerebral infarction. Fifty-eight subjects with cerebral infarction and 53 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled. Plasma RBP4, adiponectin, and high–molecular-weight adiponectin were measured by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma RBP4 was 16.4 ± 2.8 μg/mL in the subjects with cerebral infarction, a value significantly greater than that of 10.1 ± 1.2 μg/mL in the controls (P = .044). Inversely, plasma adiponectin was significantly less in the subjects with cerebral infarction than the control subjects (8.1 ± 0.8 vs 10.8 ± 0.7 μg/mL, P = .015). However, there was no difference in plasma high–molecular-weight adipo...

Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on hepatic polyol pathway and glucose production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The effects of ursolic acid on the polyol pathway and glucose homeostasis–related metabolism were examined in the livers of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice fed a high-fat (37% calories from fat) diet for 4 weeks. Male mice were divided into nondiabetic, diabetic control, and diabetic–ursolic acid (0.05% wt/wt) groups. Diabetes was induced by the injection of STZ (200 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). Although an ursolic acid supplement lowered the blood glucose level, it did not affect the plasma leptin and adiponectin levels. The present study shows that the blood glucose levels have a positive correlation with the hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activities (r = 0.39, P < .05). Ursolic acid significantly inhibited sorbitol dehydrogenase activity as well as ald...

Effects of meal size and composition on incretin, α-cell, and β-cell responses

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The incretins glucagon-like peptide–1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulate postprandial insulin release from the β-cells. We investigated the effects of 3 standardized meals with different caloric and nutritional content in terms of postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon, and incretin responses. In a randomized crossover study, 18 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 6 healthy volunteers underwent three 4-hour meal tolerance tests (small carbohydrate [CH]-rich meal, large CH-rich meal, and fat-rich meal). Non–model-based and model-based estimates of β-cell function and incremental areas under the curve of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP were calculated. Mixed models and Friedman tests were used to test for diff...

PPARG and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms increase type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in Asian Indian Sikhs: Pro12Ala still remains as the strongest predictor

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor–γ transcripts 1 and 2 (PPARG1 and 2) and 5 tagSNPs in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes for their effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk in Asian Indian Sikhs. A total of 554 T2D cases and 527 normoglycemic controls were examined for association with T2D and other subphenotypes of T2D. With the exception of a strong association of PPARG2/Pro12Ala with T2D (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.56; P = .0007), no other tagSNP in the PPARG locus revealed any significant association with T2D in this population. Similarly, none of the tagSNPs in the ADIPOQ gene was associated with T2D susceptibility in single-site analysis. However, hap...

Obesity and diabetic hyperglycemia were associated with serum alanine aminotransferase activity in patients with hepatitis B infection

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 and a fasting blood glucose level greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL were risk factors for increased ALT activity in subjects with hepatitis B infection, suggesting that obesity and diabetic fasting hyperglycemia may aggravate liver injury in this population. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Interindividual variations in resting metabolic rate during weight loss in obese postmenopausal women: A pilot study

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to examine if decreases in resting metabolic rate (RMR) take place early in the weight loss process and if they remain throughout the duration of the weight loss intervention. Twenty obese postmenopausal women (61.8 ± 5.9 years) participated in a 15-week weight loss program. After the fifth week, subjects were characterized as having an increased (>5%) or a decreased ( (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, and serum adiponectin concentration in women with anorexia nervosa

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to estimate insulin sensitivity, oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-stimulated conditions, metabolic flexibility, and serum adiponectin concentration in women with AN. We examined 21 women with AN and 24 healthy normal-weight female controls. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, indirect calorimetry, and the measurement of serum adiponectin concentration were performed in all the subjects. We did not observe differences in insulin sensitivity, oxidative and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-stimulated conditions, and metabolic flexibility between AN and control subjects. Serum adiponectin was higher in AN women in comparison with control group (P = .002). Women with AN have normal insulin sensitivity because of the preserved respo...

Protein nitration is associated with increased proteolysis in skeletal muscle of bile duct ligation–induced cirrhotic rats

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, nitrosative stress occurred in the skeletal muscle of BDL-induced cirrhotic rats and may lead to increased proteolysis of muscle-specific structural proteins. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Variable phenotypic expression of chylomicron retention disease in a kindred carrying a mutation of the Sara2 gene

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We describe a kindred carrying a mutation of Sara2 gene causing a chylomicron retention phenotype. The proband was a 5-month-old baby, born of consanguineous, apparently healthy parents from Morocco, with failure to thrive. There was a large quantity of fats in feces and malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Intestinal biopsies showed a diffused enterocyte vacuolization with large cytosolic lipid droplets. Chylomicron retention disease or Anderson disease was hypothesized, and the Sara2 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing. Analysis of the Sara2 gene in the proband identified a 2-nucleotide homozygous deletion in exon 3 leading to a premature stop codon (c.75-76 del TG-L28fsX34). The father was heterozygous for the same mutation, whereas the proband's mother was homozygous, suggesting a...

Evidence for an association with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the PPARG locus in a South Indian population

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor–γ2 (PPARG2) is a nuclear hormone receptor of ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in adipogenesis and a molecular target of the insulin sensitizers thiazolidinediones. We addressed the question of whether the 3 variants (−1279G/A, Pro12Ala, and His478His) in the PPARG2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related traits in a South Indian population. The study subjects (1000 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1000 normal–glucose-tolerant subjects) were chosen randomly from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, an ongoing population-based study in southern India. The variants were screened by single-stranded conformational variant, direct sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Link...

Ingestion of native and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated fats acutely increases circulating numbers of endothelial microparticles

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, these data suggest that ingestion of meals rich in n-6 polyunsaturated vegetable oil irrespective of whether it has been mildly thermally oxidized may acutely alter the state of the vascular endothelium, resulting in increased shedding of CD144-EMP. The physiologic implications of these findings remain to be determined. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Relationship between plasma uridine and urinary urea excretion

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: To investigate whether the concentration of uridine in plasma is related to the urinary excretion of urea, 45 healthy male subjects with normouricemia and normal blood pressure were studied after providing informed consent. Immediately after collection of 24-hour urine, blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast except for water. The contents of ingested foods during the 24-hour urine collection period were described by the subjects and analyzed by a dietician. Simple regression analysis showed that plasma uridine was correlated with the urinary excretions of urea (R = 0.41, P < .01), uric acid (R = 0.36, P < .05), and uridine (R = 0.30, P < .05), as well as uric acid clearance (R = 0.35, P < .05) and purine intake (R = 0.30, P < .05). In contrast, multiple regression analy...

Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese and nonobese Korean populations

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to determine the association between serum leptin and metabolic syndrome among the Korean adult population. The study population consisted of 3,272 Koreans (men: 1,915, women: 1,357) 30 to 84 years of age who had visited the Health Examination Center. Leptin levels were divided into quintiles and metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP ATP III. The serum leptin levels increased as the number of components present for metabolic syndrome increased. Controlling for age, smoking, exercise, and LDL cholesterol, subjects with high leptin levels were more likely to have an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome than those with lower levels in both men and women. Subjects in the highest leptin quintile were found to have a higher risk of having metabolic syndrome than t...

Administration of physiologic levels of triiodothyronine increases leptin expression in calorie-restricted obese rats, but does not influence weight loss

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to analyze the effect of thyroid hormone on sustained weight loss and leptin gene expression in obese animals after a loss of 5% to 10% of body weight. Thirty-day–old male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups: control, obese, calorie restriction (CR), and calorie restriction with triiodothyronine administration (CRT). The obese group had increased weight and adiposity, leptin and insulin levels, and leptin gene expression. Dietary restriction in the CR group resulted in decreased body weight and adiposity, diminished leptin, and increased thyroid hormone receptor β expression. The CRT group, submitted to dietary restriction with concomitant administration of a physiologic triiodothyronine dose, had thyroid hormone receptor β expression at levels comparable w...

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 14:58:39 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Editorial Board

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 14:58:39 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 14:58:39 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Masthead

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 14:58:34 +0100

(Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Impact of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance on arterial stiffness in an older Chinese population: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study–CVD

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on vascular function among older Chinese people. A random sample of 671 men and 603 women aged 50 to 85 years without known diabetes from the Guangzhou Biobank Study–CVD was examined in a cross-sectional study. Subjects with no previously confirmed or treated diabetes but with both fasting plasma glucose less than 5.6 mmol/L and 2-hour glucose from 7.8 to less than 11.0 mmol/L were classified as having isolated IGT, and those with no previously confirmed and treated diabetes but with both fasting plasma glucose from 5.6 to less than 7.0 mmol/L and 2-hour glucose less than 7.8 mmol/L were classified as having isolated IFG. A total of 11.0% of the men and 8.6% of ...

Effect of iron overload on glucose metabolism in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 30% to 60% of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). The underlying pathophysiology of DM in patients with hemochromatosis has not been fully elucidated. We studied both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in a cohort of patients with HH. We studied glucose metabolism in 53 newly diagnosed HH patients using a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Basal and stimulated insulin sensitivities were calculated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index, respectively. β-Cell function was assessed using C-peptide concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test after adjusting for ambient insulin sensitivity. Twenty healthy subjects served as the control group. Fifteen subjects ...

Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin treatment on apelin, visfatin, and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Visfatin, ghrelin, and apelin are the most recently identified adipocytokines; but their response to insulin-sensitizing agents is poorly clarified. We aimed to assess the differential effects of either rosiglitazone or metformin monotherapy on the aforementioned adipocytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred T2DM patients (30 men, 70 women), with poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin >6.5%) while taking 850 mg of metformin daily, were enrolled. All participants were randomized to receive either adjunctive therapy with rosiglitazone (8 mg/d, n = 50) or the maximum dose (2550 mg/d) of metformin (MET group, n = 50). Anthropometric parameters, glycemic and lipid profile, high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), insulin resistance (homeostasis model asses...

Effect of gonadectomy on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in isolated kidney of a rat model of metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Influence of sex on arachidonic acid metabolism, a pathway involved in the link between metabolic syndrome (MS) and renal damage, was studied in isolated perfused kidney. Metabolic syndrome was induced by feeding 30% sucrose solution for 24 weeks to intact and gonadectomized female (Ovx) and male (Cas) rats. Systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, as well as prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 from urine and perfusate increased in MS male and MS ovariectomized females; castration reduced them in MS males. Perfusion of arachidonic acid in kidneys from MS males increased perfusion pressure compared with controls. No difference appeared in perfusion pressure between control and MS females. Castration diminished perfusion pressure in MS; the opposite was observed in Ovx MS. Perfusion w...

Low doses of hydrogen peroxide impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via inhibition of glucose metabolism and intracellular calcium oscillations

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, the effects of low concentrations of H2O2 (5-10 μmol/L) on glucose metabolism, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) oscillations, and dynamic insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets were investigated. Low concentrations of H2O2 impaired insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose levels (16.7 mmol/L). This phenomenon was observed already after 2 minutes of exposure to H2O2. Glucose oxidation and the amplitude of [Ca2+]i oscillations were dose-dependently suppressed by H2O2. These findings indicate that low concentrations of H2O2 reduce insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose levels via inhibition of glucose metabolism and consequent impairment in [Ca2+]i handling. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Ethnic differences in the relationships of anthropometric measures to metabolic risk factors in Asian patients at risk of atherothrombosis: Results from the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between 4 anthropometric indices and metabolic risk factors (hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance) in different Asian ethnic groups of patients at risk of atherothrombosis. We analyzed the baseline data of 11 017 Asian patients with established atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases or at least 3 atherothrombotic risk factors. In East and South Asians, the graded relationships of body mass index (BMI) with the presence of at least 2 metabolic risk factors remained significant after adjustment for waist circumference (top vs bottom quartile—East Asians: odds ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-2.45; South Asians: 3.24, 1.18-8.95), whereas the graded relationships of waist circumference decr...

Anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin ameliorates insulin resistance in monosodium glutamate–treated obese mice

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Considering that inflammation contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance and that statins have been reported to have other effects beyond cholesterol lowering, the present study aimed to investigate whether atorvastatin treatment has anti-inflammatory action in white adipose tissue of obese mice, consequently improving insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity in vivo (by insulin tolerance test); metabolic-hormonal profile; plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α, interleukin (IL)-6, and adiponectin; adipose tissue immunohistochemistry; glucose transporter (GLUT) 4; adiponectin; TNF-α; IL-1β; and IL-6 gene expression; and IκB kinase (IKK)–α/β activity were assessed in 23-week-old monosodium glutamate–induced obese mice untreated or treated with atorvastatin for 4 w...

Association of glycated albumin, but not glycated hemoglobin, with calcaneus quantitative ultrasound in male hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, the relationship between glycemic control and bone metabolism was examined in male hemodialysis (HD) patients with T2DM. To avoid the effect of menstruation and the menstrual cycle, obesity, and glycosuria-induced hypercalciuria on bone metabolism, male anuric nonobese HD patients with T2DM (n = 42) were enrolled. Calcaneus stiffness index (SI) was determined using ultrasound after HD session. Casual plasma glucose (PG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glycated albumin (GA) were measured before the HD session. In simple regression analysis, log PG (r = −0.333, P < .05) and log GA (r = −0.350, P < .05), but not log HbA1c (r = −0.134, P = .3985), exhibited significant and negative correlations with calcaneus SI. In multiple regression analysis including log BMI, log cCa...

Obesity is associated with increased parathyroid hormone levels independent of glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of obesity and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels among persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was a cross-sectional analysis of 4551 participants in the National Kidney Foundation–Kidney Early Evaluation Program found to have CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate 70 pg/mL). Compared with the first quartile, odds ratios for elevated PTH were 1.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.50; P = .01), 1.38 (1.15-1.65, P = .0005), and 1.66 (1.37-2.00, P < .0001) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. We found no effect modification by race, diabetes, or presence of microalbuminuria. Therefore, in a large community-dwelling population with CKD, the presence of obesity and of increasing BMI is associated with h...

Glimepiride induces proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the actions of glimepiride in rat osteoblasts and the role of PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell proliferation was determined by measuring absorbance at 550 nm. Supernatant assay was used for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity. Western blot analysis was used for determining collagen I, insulin receptor substrate–1/2, PI3K/Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. We found that glimepiride significantly enhanced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and led to activation of several key signaling molecules including insulin receptor substrate–1/2, PI3K/Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of PI3K abolished the stimulatory effects of glimepiride on proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, these obs...

Comparison of glucose and lipid metabolism and bone mineralization in patients with growth hormone deficiency with and without long-term growth hormone replacement

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) substitution in pituitary-insufficient patients with GH deficiency (GHD-pats) on glucose and lipid metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) have yet to be ascertained. We performed this cross-sectional study comparing GHD-pats with and without long-term GH substitution. We measured lipid parameters at baseline and glucose and insulin concentrations for 3 hours during oral glucose tolerance test in 52 GHD-pats (21 female and 31 male; median age, 51.5 years [27-82]). Twenty-two GHD-pats were on constant GH substitution (GH-Subs) for a median of 10 years (2-42 years). Thirty GHD-pats had not been substituted for at least 2 years (non-Subs). For analyses of β-cell function, insulin resistance (IR), and sensitivity, homeostatic model asse...

The neurosurvival factor Humanin inhibits β-cell apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and delays and ameliorates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether Humanin, a recently described survival factor for neurons, could improve the survival of β-cells and delay or treat diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) model. Humanin reduced apoptosis induced by serum starvation in NIT-1 cells and decreased apoptosis induced by cytokine treatment. Humanin induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylation over a 24-hour time course. Specific inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 resulted in nullifying the protective effect of Humanin. Humanin normalized glucose tolerance in NOD mice treated for 6 weeks, and the...

Increased oxidative stress levels and normal antioxidant enzyme activity in circulating mononuclear cells from patients of familial hypercholesterolemia

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to analyze the OS levels in CMCs from FH patients and controls. We have selected 30 nonrelated FH index patients and 30 normoglycemic and normocholesterolemic controls matched by age, sex, body mass index, abdominal circumference, and homeostasis model assessment index. Production of free radicals was analyzed by measurement of xanthine oxidase activity in plasma, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively), and malonyldialdehyde in levels CMCs. Antioxidant status was analyzed by measuring antioxidant enzyme activity as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. We have found that FH patients showed significantly higher xanthine oxidase and malonyldialdehyde enzyme activities, as well as increased GSSG and lower GSH values r...

Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Our previous work demonstrated that berberine (BBR) increases insulin receptor (InsR) expression and improves glucose utility both in vitro and in animal models. Here, we study the InsR–up-regulating and glucose-lowering activities of BBR in humans. Our results showed that BBR increased InsR messenger RNA and protein expression in a variety of human cell lines, including CEM, HCT-116, SW1990, HT1080, 293T, and hepatitis B virus–transfected human liver cells. Accordingly, insulin-stimulated phosphorylations of InsR β-subunit and Akt were increased after BBR treatment in cultured cells. In the clinical study, BBR significantly lowered fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, and insulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The FBG- and hem...

Preliminary report: A serious link between adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome in a Korean nondiabetic population

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: This large-scale cross-sectional investigation highlights the relationships between adiponectin levels and a number of metabolic syndrome components in a nondiabetic Korean population (N = 6634). In a multivariate logistic regression model, after adjustment for age, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, body mass index, smoking history, C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin levels were inversely related with metabolic syndrome in men and women (P < .05). Adiponectin level was found to be a significant contributor to metabolic syndrome. Our findings suggest that adiponectin is an important biomarker even in a nondiabetic population at high risk of metabolic syndrome. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Should triglycerides and the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio be used as surrogates for insulin resistance?

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the relationship between TG and TG/HDL-C with insulin resistance differs by ethnicity; and using TG and TG/HDL-C to predict insulin resistance in African Americans would not be appropriate. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Lipid oxidation in overweight men after exercise and food intake

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Fat oxidation (FO) is optimized during low- to moderate-intensity exercise in lean and obese subjects, whereas high-intensity exercise induces preferential FO during the recovery period. After food intake during the postexercise period, it is unknown if FO differs according to the intensity exercise in overweight subjects. Fat oxidation was thus evaluated in overweight men after low- and high-intensity exercise during the recovery period before and after food intake as well as during a control session. Ten healthy, sedentary, overweight men (age, 27.9 ± 5.6 years; body mass index, 27.8 ± 1.3 kg m−2; maximal oxygen consumption, 37 ± 3.9 mL min−1 kg−1) exercised on a cycloergometer (energy expenditure = 300 kcal) at 35% (E35) or 70% (E70) maximal oxygen consumption or rest...

Net acid excretion capacity is related to blood hydrogen ion and serum carbon dioxide

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study examined if a new method to assess the renal ability to excrete an acid load, that is, the net acid excretion capacity (NAEC), constructed from net acid excretion (NAE) and urine pH, relates to blood hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) and serum carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]). In a second analysis, NAE to pH relationship was examined, and is de facto treated to be linear. This study used historical, cross-sectional data of 58 repeated measurements from 8 subjects for the primary measurements of NAEC, blood [H+], and serum [CO2]. Using fixed models, higher NAEC associated with lower [H+] and higher [CO2]. Using hierarchical models, the interindividual variations in [H+] and [CO2] explained the variations in NAEC. In the second analysis (n = 59), a quadratic NAE to pH relation...

2-Deoxy-d-ribose induces cellular damage by increasing oxidative stress and protein glycation in a pancreatic β-cell line

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: 2-Deoxy-d-ribose (dRib) is a sugar with a high reducing capacity. We previously reported that dRib induced damage in pancreatic β-cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of dRib-induced β-cell damage. 2-Deoxy-d-ribose provoked cytotoxicity and apoptosis within 24 hours in HIT-T15 cells. Three antiglycating agents—diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, aminoguanidine, and pyridoxamine—dose dependently inhibited dRib-triggered cytotoxicity and significantly suppressed apoptosis induced by dRib. 2-Deoxy-d-ribose increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyl levels in a dose-dependent manner. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and aminoguanidine significantly reduced dRib-induced rises in intracellular reactive oxygen species. All 3 inh...

Insulin resistance is associated with increased renal resistive index independent of other factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Renal resistive index (RRI) is increased in subjects with diabetes. We analyzed whether insulin resistance is independently related with RRI. Medical history, physical examination, laboratory analysis, Doppler ultrasonography, and 24-hour urinary albumin excretion were analyzed. The threshold for an increased RRI was at least 0.70, which has been previously shown to be discriminatory of increased RRI level. Eighty newly diagnosed essential hypertensive and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included. Sixty-one patients had low RRI ( (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Novel CYP17A1 mutation in a Japanese patient with combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is caused by a defect of P450c17 that catalyzes both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase reactions in adrenal glands and gonads. In the present study, we analyzed the CYP17A1 gene in a Japanese girl with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. The patient was referred to us for clitoromegaly at the age of 3 years. The karyotype was 46,XY. The patient was diagnosed as having 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency based on the clinical and laboratory findings. Analysis of the CYP17A1 gene revealed a compound heterozygous mutation. One mutation was a deletion of codon 53 or 54 encoding Phe (TTC) in exon 1 (ΔF54) on a maternal allele, which has been previously shown to partially abolish both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities....

Glutamate permeability at the blood-brain barrier in insulinopenic and insulin-resistant rats

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The influence of diabetes on brain glutamate (GLU) uptake was studied in insulinopenic (streptozotocin [STZ]) and insulin-resistant (diet-induced obesity [DIO]) rat models of diabetes. In the STZ study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with STZ (65 mg/kg intravenously) or vehicle and studied 3 weeks later. The STZ rats had elevated plasma levels of glucose, ketone bodies, and branched-chain amino acids; brain uptake of GLU was very low in both STZ and control rats, examined under conditions of normal and greatly elevated (by intravenous infusion) plasma GLU concentrations. In the DIO study, rats ingested a palatable, high-energy diet for 2 weeks and were then divided into weight tertiles: rats in the heaviest tertile were designated DIO; rats in the lightest tertile, d...

Neuroendocrine characterization and anorexigenic effects of telmisartan in diet- and glitazone-induced weight gain

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study further investigates the influence of telmisartan and pioglitazone and their association on weight gain and body composition by examining their influence on neuroendocrine mediators involved in food intake. Male C57/Black 6 mice were fed a high-fat diet, weight matched, and randomized in 4 treatment groups: vehicle, pioglitazone, telmisartan, and pioglitazone-telmisartan. Weight gain, food and water intake, body composition, plasma leptin levels, and the hypothalamic expression of neuroendocrine mediators were analyzed. Additional studies were performed with irbesartan and in angiotensin II 1A receptor–knockout mice. Telmisartan abolished weight and fat gain in vehicle- and pioglitazone-treated mice while decreasing food intake, the hypothalamic expression of the agouti-relate...

Clinical characteristics and efficacy of pioglitazone in a Japanese diabetic patient with an unusual type of familial partial lipodystrophy

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This report describes a 46-year-old Japanese diabetic woman with an unusual type of familial partial lipodystrophy. She has marked loss of subcutaneous fat in her lower limbs and buttocks, with sparing of the face, neck, upper limbs, and trunk. This distribution of fat atrophy appears to be rare in comparison with previous reports. Sequencing of candidate genes LMNA, PPARG, AKT2, caveolin-1, as well as the PPARG4 promoter gene, which are known to be associated with familial partial lipodystrophy, revealed no genetic abnormalities, suggesting that this case may involve a novel gene. Pioglitazone was markedly effective in glycemic control in this case. Her diabetes remained uncontrolled despite a total daily dose of insulin of 30 U and combined treatment with 10 mg of glibenclamide and 0.6 m...

Postprandial effects of a lipid-rich meal in the rat are modulated by the degree of unsaturation of 18C fatty acids

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 24 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The fatty acid composition of high-fat diets is known to influence the magnitude of postprandial events that increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. These variations in magnitude may be directly ascribed to differences in the channeling of lipids toward oxidation or storage. A study was designed to compare the effects of 4 dietary fats on postprandial energy expenditure and on some risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. To avoid usual confounding factors due to simultaneous variations in chain length and double-bounds number of fatty acids, dietary fats were chosen to provide mainly 18-carbon fatty acids with 0 (stearic acid [SA]), 1 (oleic acid [OA]), 2 (linoleic acid [LA]), or 3 (α-linolenic acid [ALA]) double bounds. They were given as single high-fat test meals to 4 differ...

The role of proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator–1α in the fatty-acid–dependent transcriptional control of interleukin-10 in hepatic cells of rodents

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an endogenous factor that restrains hepatic insulin resistance in diet-induced steatosis. Reducing IL-10 expression increases proinflammatory activity in the steatotic liver and worsens insulin resistance. As the transcriptional coactivator proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator–1α (PGC-1α) plays a central role in dysfunctional hepatocytic activity in diet-induced steatosis, we hypothesized that at least part of the action of PGC-1α could be mediated by reducing the transcription of the IL-10 gene. Here, we used immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to investigate the role of PGC-1α in the control of IL-10 expression in hepatic cells. First, we show that, in the int...

Changes of peripheral α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone in childhood obesity

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We examined serum α-MSH in 52 otherwise healthy children with childhood obesity (Ob; mean age, 11 years; 32 girls/20 boys), 27 normal-weight children of same age, 7 additional obese patients with reduced melanocortin-4 receptor function (MC4Rmut), and 22 patients with craniopharyngioma (CP). Fasting serum α-MSH and leptin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum α-MSH was also evaluated 1 hour after 500-kcal liquid meal (CP and Ob) and at the end of 1-year lifestyle intervention in 24 Ob patients. The α-MSH levels were similar in obese vs lean children but significantly lower in CP (P< .001) and significantly higher (P < .05) in MC4Rmut patients compared with Ob. One hour after liquid meal, α-MSH increased in patients with Ob but not with CP. After 1 year, α-MSH levels increased sign...

Increased left ventricular arrhythmogenicity in metabolic syndrome and relationship with myocardial performance, risk factors for atherosclerosis, and low-grade inflammation

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, ventricular arrhythmogenicity is present in MetS and is associated with myocardial dysfunction, risk factors for atherosclerosis, and low-grade inflammation. The independent association between the spQRS-Ta and MetS implies that the clustering of the metabolic disturbances has additional prognostic information than its individual components in terms of ventricular arrhythmogenicity and may explain in part the excess cardiovascular risk in subjects with MetS. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Glucocorticoids and body fat associated with renal uric acid and oxalate, but not calcium excretion, in healthy children

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, body fatness and potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids (even in the physiologic range) appear to affect urinary excretion rates of oxalate and uric acid, whereas urinary calcium output is more strongly related to dietary factors in healthy children. Our data provide the first in vivo–based evidence that the obesity- or hypercortisolism-associated urolithiasis may be a pathophysiologic continuation of the corresponding endocrine metabolic variations in healthy children. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Exendin-4 and exercise improve hepatic glucose homeostasis by promoting insulin signaling in diabetic rats

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, exendin-4 and exercise improve hepatic glucose homeostasis by promoting hepatic insulin signaling in diabetic rats. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women. In addition, we examined associations of serum RBP4 concentrations with age, risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. A total of 73 healthy women were included in this study. Subjects' anthropometric measurements were taken, and body mass index and waist-hip ratio were calculated. Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined. These various parameters were compared in subjects younger than and older than 50 years. Serum RBP4 concen...

Preliminary report: pharmacologic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition increases hepatic fat oxidation in vivo and expression of related genes in rats fed an obesogenic diet

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to explore in a model of diet-induced steatosis the impact of pharmacologic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibition, under conditions of unchanged ingestive behavior, on liver fat oxidation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an obesogenic diet and were continuously treated or not with an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (Compound A, 3 mg/[kg d]; Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ), after which liver expression of oxidative genes and in vivo hepatic fat oxidation were quantified. Treatment with Compound A reduced liver triglyceride concentration (−28%), increased hepatic expression of several genes coding for enzymes of mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation, and concomitantly enhanced in vivo liver fat oxidation (+38%). The study demonstrates, under c...

Altered metabolisms of mediators controlling vascular function and enhanced oxidative stress in asymptomatic children with congenital portosystemic venous shunt

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study examined 14 children (aged 1-5 years) with congenital PSVS lacking major liver damage and portal hypertension. Serum levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) as stable metabolites of NO, and of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor were determined, along with the plasma level of ET-1. Oxidative stress, which might affect the production of such mediators, was also examined using specific urinary and blood markers. The NOx levels were significantly lower in affected children than in the age-matched control group, although ET-1 levels were significantly higher than the control levels. In the affected children, the ADMA levels and ADMA/NOx ratios were higher, respectively, by 30% and 130% and showed significant positive correlations with the shunt ratios. ...

Measurement of cerebral oxidative glucose consumption in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia unawareness using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to use 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to measure the cerebral oxidative metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc[ox]) in patients with diabetes and to compare these measurements with those collected from matched controls. We elected to study a group with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia unawareness because we had previously found such patients to have higher brain glucose concentrations than healthy volunteers under steady-state conditions. We sought to determine if this difference in steady-state brain concentrations could be explained by a difference in CMRglc(ox). Time courses of 13C label incorporation in brain amino acids were measured in occipital cortex during infusion of [1-13C]glucose. These time courses were fitted using a 1-comp...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids effect on serum triglycerides concentration in the presence of metabolic syndrome components. The Alaska-Siberia Project

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Serum fatty acids (FAs) have wide effects on metabolism: Serum saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase triglyceride (TG) levels in plasma, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce them. Traditionally, Eskimos have a high consumption of omega-3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs); but the Westernization of their food habits has increased their dietary SFAs, partly reflected in their serum concentrations. We studied the joint effect of serum SFAs and PUFAs on circulating levels of TGs in the presence of metabolic syndrome components. We included 212 men and 240 women (age, 47.9 ± 15.7 years; body mass index [BMI], 26.9 ± 5.3) from 4 villages located in Alaska for a cross-sectional study. Generalized linear models were used to build surface responses of TG as functions of SFAs and PUFAs...

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: the interplay of local lipid excess and mitochondrial dysfunction

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is increasing precipitously as a consequence of the aging population and obesity epidemic. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by both pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in multiple tissues, abnormalities that precede and predict the development of DM2 . Skeletal muscle accounts for the majority of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in peripheral tissue . Thus, understanding the mechanism by which insulin resistance develops in skeletal muscle may offer insight into potential therapies for the treatment or prevention of DM2. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Berberine improves free-fatty-acid–induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes through inhibiting peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ and fatty acid transferase expressions

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The plant alkaloid berberine (BBR) has been reported to have antidiabetic effect in humans and animals. However, the mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study was conducted to determine the effect and mechanism of action of BBR on the free-fatty-acid (FFA)–induced insulin resistance in muscle cells. The FFA-induced insulin-resistant cell model was established in L6 myotubes by treating them with 250 μmol/L of palmitic acid. The inclusion of FFA in the medium increased peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid transferase (FAT/CD36) expressions by 26% and 50% and decreased glucose consumption by 43% and insulin-mediated glucose uptake by 63%, respectively. Berberine treatment increased the glucose consumption and insulin-stimula...

Superoxide production by mitochondria of insulin-sensitive tissues: mechanistic differences and effect of early diabetes

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Obesity and mild hyperglycemia are characteristic of early or “prediabetes.” The associated increase in fatty acid flux is posited to enhance substrate delivery to mitochondria, leading to enhanced superoxide production that results in mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive worsening of the hyperglycemic state. We quantified superoxide production by gastrocnemius muscle, heart, and liver mitochondria in a rodent model that mimics the pathophysiology of prediabetes by administering low-dose streptozotocin to rats fed high fat (HF). Superoxide was rigorously determined indirectly as H2O2 largely released from the matrix and by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that directly detects superoxide released externally. Both HF and low-dose streptozotocin mildly increase...

Insulin resistance and inflammation may have an additional role in the link between cystatin C and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, cystatin C level was significantly associated with insulin resistance and biomarkers reflecting inflammation independent of renal function. These components may have a role in addition to that of eGFR in explaining the link between cystatin C and CVD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Acute exposure to rosiglitazone does not affect glucose transport in intact human skeletal muscle

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, acute exposure to rosiglitazone does not affect glucose transport in human skeletal muscle. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Failure of d-psicose absorbed in the small intestine to metabolize into energy and its low large intestinal fermentability in humans

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Experiments with rats have produced data on the metabolism and energy value of d-psicose; however, no such data have been obtained in humans. The authors assessed the availability of d-psicose absorbed in the small intestine by measuring carbohydrate energy expenditure (CEE) by indirect calorimetry. They measured the urinary excretion rate by quantifying d-psicose in urine for 48 hours. To examine d-psicose fermentation in the large intestine, the authors measured breath hydrogen gas and fermentability using 35 strains of intestinal bacteria. Six healthy subjects participated in the CEE test, and 14 participated in breath hydrogen gas and urine tests. d-Psicose fermentation subsequent to an 8-week adaptation period was also assessed by measuring hydrogen gas in 8 subjects. d-Psic...

Acute altitude-induced hypoxia suppresses plasma glucose and leptin in healthy humans

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: To examine the effects of acute altitude-induced hypoxia on the hormonal and metabolic response to ingested glucose, 8 young, healthy subjects (5 men and 3 women; age, 26 ± 2 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2) performed 2 randomized trials in a hypobaric chamber where a 75-g glucose solution was ingested under simulated altitude (ALT, 4300 m) or ambient (AMB, 362 m) conditions. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, epinephrine, leptin, and lactate concentrations were measured at baseline and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after glucose ingestion during both trials. Compared with AMB, the plasma glucose response to glucose ingestion was reduced during the ALT trial (P = .04). There were no differences in the insulin and C-peptide responses between trials or in insulin sensitiv...

Circulating adiponectin concentrations were related to free thyroxine levels in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, adiponectin concentrations were associated with FT4 levels in the athyreotic patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. The relevant roles of adiponectin in the regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism require further investigation. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Serum aminotransferase changes with significant weight loss: sex and age effects

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: In obese subjects, the liver may be differentially affected by significant weight loss depending on as yet unknown factors. We explored clinical factors associated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) changes during significant weight loss in a residential weight loss program. Clinical data from 362 adults who received a comprehensive weight loss intervention (ie, diets, physical fitness, and behavioral modification) in the program were analyzed. Serum ALT was used as a surrogate marker of liver injury. The ALT changes during the program were calculated to create study outcome categories (improvement, no change, or deterioration of ALT during significant weight loss). Variables of demography, lifestyle, and comorbidities at baseline, and total/rate of weight change during th...

Contribution of skeletal muscle mass on sex differences in 2-hour plasma glucose levels after oral glucose load in Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the higher postload 2-hour plasma glucose levels in women was not sex specific but was in part a result of the smaller skeletal muscle mass. The early insulin secretion, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle mass were the significant factors negatively predicting 2-hour postload plasma glucose levels in Thai subjects with normal glucose tolerance. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Sex hormone–binding globulin and lipid profile in pubertal children

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, SHBG levels are related to a decrease in HDL-C and apo A-I levels during puberty in boys and to a decrease in TG levels during puberty in both sexes. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity, inflammatory cytokines, and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a in obese Chinese male adolescents

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The benefits of exercise on glucose metabolism, inflammation, and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5a (TRACP 5a) protein levels in Chinese male adolescents have not been extensively analyzed. Therefore, we examined the effects of a 12-week exercise program on weight, adiposity, insulin sensitivity (IS), and inflammatory marker expression, including the novel macrophage marker TRACP 5a, in obese Chinese male adolescents. A total of 106 male adolescents were recruited from the Army Academy in Taiwan and classified as lean (body mass index [BMI], 20.9 ± 0.2 kg/m2) or obese (BMI, 27.7 ± 0.2 kg/m2). Body composition, IS, and inflammatory markers were measured in both groups at baseline and in the obese group after completion of a 12-week exercise program. Body weight, BMI, ...

A metabolic cause of spinal deformity

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: A 38-year–old man presented to our clinic with a 6-year history of chronic low back pain. Physical examination showed limited spine mobility; radiographs of the spine demonstrated narrowed disk spaces and calcifications. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging showed Modic type II signal intensity changes in the bone marrow consistent with chronic disk degeneration. The finding of a massively elevated excretion of homogentisic acid (HGA) in the patient's urine confirmed the suspicion that the complaints were due to underlying alkaptonuria. Alkaptonuria (ochronosis) is an uncommon cause of backache and results from mutations in homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, an enzyme involved in tyrosine catabolism. Homogentisic acid accumulates in the plasma of the affected individuals, and HG...

The relationship of visfatin/pre–B-cell colony-enhancing factor/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in adipose tissue with inflammation, insulin resistance, and plasma lipids

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Visfatin/pre–B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) has been proposed as an insulin-mimicking adipocytokine predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and correlated with obesity. However, recent evidence challenged this proposal and instead suggested visfatin/PBEF/Nampt as a proinflammatory cytokine. The study aimed to examine whether visfatin/PBEF/Nampt was predominantly expressed in VAT and was correlated with obesity. The relationship of visfatin/PBEF/Nampt gene expression in adipose tissues with proinflammatory gene expression and metabolic phenotypes was also examined. The relative messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of visfatin/PBEF/Nampt, macrophage-specific marker CD68, and proinflammatory genes were measured in pair...

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 17:46:23 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 17:46:23 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 17:46:23 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 17:46:21 +0100

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Preliminary report: mitochondrial DNA 5178 polymorphism in male elite Japanese endurance runners

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Elite athletic endurance ability involves multiple genetic and environmental factors, with little known about the specific genotypes involved. As a first step to finding genetic markers of endurance performance, we recruited 66 male endurance runners and 110 control athletes. We investigated the distribution of m.5178CA polymorphisms in male endurance runners. Although the m.5178A genotype has been reportedly associated with longevity, endurance runners in this study showed a significantly higher frequency (71.2%) of the m.5178C genotype than control subjects (52.7%). The-m.5178C genotype may be favorable for performance in elite endurance runners. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Association of Gly972Arg polymorphism of IRS1 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in lean participants of a national health survey in Mexico: a candidate gene study

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a main public health problem in the Mexican population. It is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and a relative deficiency in the pancreatic β-cell functions. Diverse single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IRS1 gene have been associated with insulin resistance and T2D risk. The aim of this study was to identify the association between known IRS1 polymorphisms (Pro512Ala, Asn1137Asp, Gly972Arg, and Arg158Pro) in a sample of diabetic patients compared with healthy controls selected from Mexico's 2000 National Health Survey, both with normal body mass index (BMI). We identified 444 diabetes cases that were age matched with the same number of controls. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were evaluated, and conditional lo...

Preliminary report: genetic variation within the GPBAR1 gene is not associated with metabolic traits in white subjects at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Bile acids are signaling molecules with important endocrine functions. Some of these, including the induction of energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle as well as the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide–1 (GLP-1) production in enteroendocrine L-cells, are mediated by the G-protein–coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). Therefore, we investigated in a cohort of white subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus whether a genetic variation within the GPBAR1 gene contributes to prediabetic phenotypes, such as disproportionate fat distribution, insulin resistance, or β-cell dysfunction. We genotyped 1576 subjects (1043 women, 533 men) for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3731859 in the GPBAR1 gene. All subjects underwent an oral glucose to...

Sonographic hepatic-renal ratio as indicator of hepatic steatosis: comparison with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of ultrasound (US) in the quantitative assessment of steatosis by comparison with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) as a reference standard. Three liver echo-intensity indices were derived: US hepatic mean gray level, hepatic-renal echo-intensity ratio (H/R), and hepatic-portal blood echo-intensity ratio. The 1H-MRS degree of steatosis was determined as percentage fat by wet weight. Regression equations were used to estimate quantitatively hepatic fat content. The hepatic fat content by 1H-MRS analysis ranged from 0.10% to 28.9% (median value, 4.8%). Ultrasound H/R was correlated with the degree of steatosis on 1H-MRS (R2= 0.92; P < .0001), whereas no correlation with 1H-MRS was found for hepatic mean...

Mechanisms of adipose tissue redistribution with rosiglitazone treatment in various adipose depots

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, our findings suggest that TZD treatment may be associated with the depot-specific effects of lipid storage and energy expenditure genes on fat redistribution in individual adipose tissues in OLETF rats. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

The midregional portion of proadrenomedullin is an independent predictor of left ventricular mass index in hypertension

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Elevated natriuretic peptides in LVH have spurred interest that biomarkers may play a role in screening programs. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a 52–amino acid peptide mediating vasorelaxation, natriuresis, and diuresis. The midregional portion of proADM (MRproADM) is secreted stoichiometrically with ADM; hence, it can be used as a surrogate marker of ADM. We compared the diagnostic performance of MRproADM for the detection of LVH with N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP). Two hundred fifty-three hypertensive patients were derived from a local screening study. The MRproADM and NTproBNP levels were assayed using immunoluminometric assays. The MRproADM levels were significantly elevated in...

Hypoadiponectinemia in overweight children contributes to a negative metabolic risk profile 6 years later

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective was to study whether markers of metabolism and inflammation, for example, circulating plasma adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-8, and hepatocyte growth factor, are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. This was a cross-sectional and prospective study, and the setting was the Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies I and II. Participants were randomly selected girls and boys 8 to 10 years of age with complete baseline data (n = 256) and complete follow-up data 6 years later (n = 169). Cardiometabolic risk profile was calculated using a continuous composite score derived from summing of 6 factors standardized to the sample means (Z scores): body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total serum cholesterol to...

Addition of n-3 fatty acids to a 4-hour lipid infusion does not affect insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, or markers of oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Fatty acids (FA) can impair glucose metabolism to a varying degree depending on time of exposure and also of type of FA. Here we tested for acute effects of marine n-3 FA on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 11 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A 4-hour lipid infusion (Intralipid [Fresenius Kabi, Halden, Norway], total of 384 mL) was compared with a similar lipid infusion partly replaced by Omegaven (Fresenius Kabi) that contributed a median of 0.1 g fish oil per kilogram body weight, amounting to 0.04 g/kg of marine n-3 FA. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps; insulin secretion (measured after the clamps), by C-peptide glucagon tests; a...

Comparative effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone on plasma levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Low levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) have been associated with the occurrence of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Preliminary evidence has suggested that thiazolidinediones have the ability to modulate circulating levels of this molecule in the hyperglycemic milieu. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the differential effect of 2 different thiazolidinediones—pioglitazone and rosiglitazone—on plasma levels of sRAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were randomly assigned to receive pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 19), rosiglitazone (4 mg/d, n = 20), or placebo (medical nutrition therapy, n = 21) for 12 weeks. Changes in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, in...

Changes in C-reactive protein from low-fat diet and/or physical activity in men and women with and without metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the study was to assess CRP change (ΔCRP) with diet and/or PA in men and women with and without metabolic syndrome. Men (n = 149) and postmenopausal women (n = 125) with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recruited into a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Treatment groups were as follows: control, diet (reduced total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake), PA (45-60 minutes at 60%-85% maximum heart rate), or diet + PA. Weight loss was not an intervention focus. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for CRP. Change in CRP was compared between treatments, within sex and metabolic syndrome sta...

Metabolically healthy but obese individuals: relationship with hepatic enzymes

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of plasma hepatic enzymes in obese women displaying the metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) phenotype. We studied 104 obese, sedentary, postmenopausal women. Subjects were classified as MHO or at risk based on insulin sensitivity as assessed with the oral glucose tolerance test–derived Matsuda index. Subjects were divided into quartiles according to insulin sensitivity values. Subjects in the upper quartile were categorized as MHO, whereas subjects in the lower 3 quartiles represented at-risk subjects. Outcome measures were hepatic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyltransferase [GGT]], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, triglyce...

The significance of d-isomers in stable isotope studies in humans is dependent on the age of the subject and the amino acid tracer

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: d-Amino acids (d-AAs) in stable isotope tracers may result in erroneous estimates of enrichment, particularly if urine is used as a surrogate for plasma enrichment. Previous studies suggest that a d-AA content of less than 0.2% will not result in significant error in studies with adult humans. To describe the effects of d-AA content of less than 0.2%, in 3 different AA tracers, on isotope enrichment in urine and plasma, arginine, proline, and phenylalanine (Phe) tracers were given enterally to human neonates. Enrichment was measured in urine and plasma using chiral chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The Phe tracer was also given parenterally to human neonates and enterally to children and adults to further characterize the d-AA effect. All isotopes had a confirmed d-AA ...

Homogenization-dependent responses of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble glycogen to exercise and refeeding in human muscles

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the patterns of response of ASG and AIG levels to changes in glycogen concentrations in human muscles are highly dependent on the protocol used to acid-extract glycogen, with the physiologic significance of the many previous studies on AIG and ASG being in need of revision. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Effects of glucose infusion on neuroendocrine and cognitive parameters in Addison disease

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Sucrose intake has been shown to suppress increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in adrenalectomized rats, suggesting that increased cerebral energy supply can compensate for the loss of glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. We hypothesized that glucose infusion might acutely down-regulate increased ACTH secretion in patients with Addison disease. We studied 8 patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison group) with short-term discontinuation of hydrocortisone substitution and 8 matched healthy controls in 2 randomized conditions. Subjects received either intravenous glucose infusion (0.75 g glucose per kilogram body weight for 2.5 hours) or placebo. Concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines, growth hormone, gluc...

Levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and uric acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, RBP4 level was independently associated with uric acid level. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Reply: A potential role of the renin-angiotensin system in adipocyte

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 25 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We have reported in this journal that plasma angiotensin II was associated with body weight, was decreased during weight loss, and was associated with adipocyte-derived factors and insulin resistance in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus . The letter from Drs Fetissov and Thornton gave sophisticated comments and good suggestions for our work. They have commented that, in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypovolemia and extracellular dehydration were observed and the mechanism was tightly linked with the renin-angiotensin system . Furthermore, they have cited an article that mentioned that cell volume regulation would be dependent on body hydration state and that the cellular dehydration impaired insulin signaling and might be a major cause of insulin resistance . We also agr...

Hypovolemia-induced obesity and diabetes

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 25 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The article by Saiki and colleagues published in the Metabolism entitled “Circulating angiotensin II is associated with body fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus” is very interesting in that it points out clearly the association between circulating angiotensin levels and the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. At first glance, this is rather unusual, as why would a hormone intimately implicated in cardiovascular and water balance functions be involved with fat accumulation and insulin resistance. However, these “unusual” associations have given rise to a series of reports, all independent at the time, which now taken together make sense . It would appear that the common feature in the origin not only of hypertension but also o...

Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 24 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In the current study, we investigated serum concentrations of FGF21 in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as compared with healthy pregnant controls matched for gestational age and fasting insulin. Fibroblast growth factor 21 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in control (n = 80) and GDM (n = 40) patients and correlated to clinical and biochemical measures of renal function, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation in both groups. Median maternal serum FGF21 concentrations were not significantly different in subjects with GDM (97.5 ng/L) as compared with healthy pregnant controls (102.9 ng/L). Fibroblast growth factor 21 significa...

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:36:26 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:36:26 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:36:26 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:36:20 +0100

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Effect of a 1-hour single bout of moderate-intensity exercise on fat oxidation kinetics

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study showed that the prior 1-hour continuous moderate-intensity exercise bout increased Fatmax, MFO, and fat oxidation rates over a wide range of intensities during the postexercise incremental test. Moreover, the shape of the postexercise fat oxidation kinetics tended to have a rightward asymmetry. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

Effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction versus low-fat diet on flow-mediated dilation

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We previously reported that a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) ameliorated many of the traditional markers associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk compared with a low-fat diet (LFD). There remains concern how CRD affects vascular function because acute meals high in fat have been shown to impair endothelial function. Here, we extend our work and address these concerns by measuring fasting and postprandial vascular function in 40 overweight men and women with moderate hypertriacylglycerolemia who were randomly assigned to consume hypocaloric diets (∼1500 kcal) restricted in carbohydrate (percentage of carbohydrate-fat-protein = 12:59:28) or LFD (56:24:20). Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery was assessed before and after ingestion of a high-fat mea...

Treadmill training enhances rat agouti-related protein in plasma and reduces ghrelin levels in plasma and soleus muscle

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Ghrelin and agouti-related protein (AgRP) are orexigenic peptides secreted from stomach mucosa and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, respectively. Both peptides affect feeding behavior and play a role in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and adiposity. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of moderate-term (6 weeks) running regimen on resting levels of ghrelin, AgRP, adenosine triphosphate, and glycogen in soleus muscle as well as plasma concentrations of the orexigenic hormones. Eighteen adult Wistar male rats (12 weeks old, 235-255 g) were randomly assigned to training (n = 10) and control (n = 8) groups. The training group ran for 60 min/d, 5d/wk at 25 m/min and 0% grade for 6 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, rats were...

Reproducibility of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total and regional body composition measurements using different scanning positions and definitions of regions

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Repeated dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements are often performed both in clinical work and in research studies. The aims of the present study were to investigate the repeatability of DEXA total body measurements, to clarify the effect of the scanning positioning of the subject, and to compare the reliability of DEXA measurements of the extremities between automatically and manually defined regions of interest (ROIs). Three DEXA measurements of the total body composition, that is, fat tissue mass, lean tissue mass (LM), and bone mineral content, were performed on 30 male volunteers (mean age, 45.2 years) in addition to measurements of bone mineral density. Using a narrow fan-beam Lunar Prodigy densitometer (GE Lunar, Madison, WI), 3 DEXA scans (2 supine and 1 pron...

trans-Fatty acids in the diet stimulate atherosclerosis

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Epidemiological evidence has associated dietary trans-fatty acids (TFAs) with coronary heart disease. It is assumed that TFAs stimulate atherosclerosis, but this has not been proven. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consuming 2 concentrations of TFAs obtained from commercially hydrogenated vegetable shortening on atherosclerotic development in the presence or absence of elevated dietary cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice were fed 1 of 7 experimental diets for 14 weeks: low regular fat (LR), low trans-fat (LT), regular high fat, high trans-fat (HT), or a diet containing 2% cholesterol with low regular fat (C + LR), low trans-fat (C + LT), or high trans-fat (C + HT). The extent of lesion development was quantified by en face exam...

Effects of low- and high-glycemic index/glycemic load diets on coronary heart disease risk factors in overweight/obese men

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Chronic insulin resistance contributes to subclinical inflammation, thrombosis/impaired fibrinolysis, and dyslipidemia. The effect of dietary carbohydrate, specifically of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), on established and emerging coronary heart disease risk factors has not been elucidated fully. We conducted a randomized crossover feeding study of matched diets differing only in GI and GL in 24 overweight or obese but otherwise healthy men to investigate the effects on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, thrombosis/fibrinolysis, lipoproteins/lipids, and body composition. All meals for the high- and low-GI/GL diets were prepared in a metabolic kitchen. Each participant consumed both diets in random order for 4 weeks each, with a 4-week washout period in between. Each ...

Decreased parotid salivary cyclic nucleotides related to smell loss severity in patients with taste and smell dysfunction

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Fri, 24 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Parotid salivary levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) have been previously demonstrated to be lower than normal in patients with taste and smell dysfunction. To define these results more fully, we analyzed parotid salivary levels of cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with respect to severity of smell loss in these patients. Smell loss severity was defined by psychophysical measurements of olfactory function and classified into 4 types from most severe to least severe loss. This resulted in patients exhibiting, in order of loss severity (from greatest to least), anosmia > type I hyposmia > type II hyposmia > type III hyposmia. Parotid saliva cAMP and cGMP were measured independently using a sensitive spectrophotometric 96-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent as...

Notes to Contributors

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:08:54 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:08:54 +0100

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:08:54 +0100

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Erratum to “Insulin resistance predicts future deterioration of glucose tolerance in nondiabetic young African Americans”

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:08:51 +0100

In the May 2009 issue of Metabolism in the article by Huan et al (5:689-695, 2009), Harvey Kushner was erroneously listed as a co-author. (Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental)

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Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:08:40 +0100

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Modifying the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of a high–saturated fat challenge does not acutely attenuate postprandial changes in inflammatory markers in men with metabolic syndrome

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) features chronic inflammation and exaggerated postprandial triacylglyceride (TAG) responses. Fasting concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), key inflammatory mediators, decrease after sustained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake; however, the ability of n-3 PUFA to attenuate postprandial inflammatory responses is not well studied. Thus, we examined the acute effect of modifying the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of a high–saturated fatty acid (SFA) oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) on postprandial TAG and inflammatory responses in men with MetS. Men (n = 8, ≥45 years old) with MetS ingested 2 high-SFA OFTTs (1 g fat per kilogram body weight), with either a 20:1 (low n-3) or 2:1 (high n-3) n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and a water contro...

Factors associated with serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in a general population

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Tue, 21 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we examined these issues in a large population of healthy subjects. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 626 subjects (237 males and 389 females). HMGB1 levels showed a skewed distribution with a mean of 1.65 ± 0.04 ng/ml. Multiple stepwise regression analyses found that white blood cell (WBC) counts (P = .016) and the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE; P < .001, inversely), which is also known to be a receptor for HMGB1, were independently associated with HMGB1 levels. We demonstrated for the first time that circulating HMGB1 levels were inversely associated with sRAGE levels in a general population. Because RAGE is involved in HMGB1 signaling, our present study suggests that sRAGE may capture and eliminate circulating HMGB1 in humans....

The roles of ubiquitin and 26S proteasome in human obesity

Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental — Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is responsible for the degradation of most intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. It may also play a role in the modulation of inflammatory process and pathogenesis of cancer. Immunoglobulin levels are higher in cancer. Obesity is a risk factor for several common diseases, particularity type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. The aim of this study was to study a possible correlation between plasma ubiquitin, 26S proteasome levels, and obesity. The body mass index (BMI), plasma ubiquitin levels, and 26S proteasome activity levels were determined and statistically analyzed in 31 volunteers, aged 19 to 58 years and including 9 men and 22 women, from the general population of Southern Taiwan. We also compared the immunoglobulin a...

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Contents

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Notes to Contributors

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Notes to Contributors

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Table of contents

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Potential mechanisms linking low-fat diet to inflammation and metabolic syndrome

Biological markers, lifestyle factors, and metabolic syndrome

Enhanced levels of soluble CD40 ligand and C-reactive protein in a total of 312 patients with metabolic syndrome

Soluble adhesion molecule E-selectin predicts cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetic retinopathy is associated with visceral fat accumulation in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Notes to Contributors

Editorial Board

Table of Contents

Masthead

Modification of the acceptance policy for manuscripts

Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by reduced postprandial adiponectin response: a possible link with diabetic postprandial dyslipidemia

Relation of −55CT polymorphism of uncoupling protein 3 gene with fat mass and insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients

Dysregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein–1c in livers of morbidly obese women is associated with altered suppressor of cytokine signaling–3 and signal transducer and activator of transcription–1 signaling

Gly482Ser polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator–1α gene is associated with oxidative stress and abdominal obesity

Association of FTO gene with hyperandrogenemia and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Cytokines and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children

Analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiles alterations in fatty liver induced by high-fat diet in rat

Serum ferritin is a major determinant of lipid phenotype in familial combined hyperlipidemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia

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Contents

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Dysregulation of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, blood pressure, and oxidative stress after an oral glucose tolerance test in men with abdominal obesity

Enhanced neutrophil expression of annexin-1 in coronary artery disease

Preliminary report: Hepatic fat and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes in culture and raises serum free fatty acid levels in vivo

The association of tumor necrosis factor α receptor 2 and tumor necrosis factor α with insulin resistance and the influence of adipose tissue biomarkers in humans

Carotid intima-media thickness, dietary intake, and cardiovascular phenotypes in adolescents: relation to metabolic syndrome

Elevation of plasma retinol-binding protein 4 and reduction of plasma adiponectin in subjects with cerebral infarction

Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on hepatic polyol pathway and glucose production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Effects of meal size and composition on incretin, α-cell, and β-cell responses

PPARG and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms increase type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in Asian Indian Sikhs: Pro12Ala still remains as the strongest predictor

Obesity and diabetic hyperglycemia were associated with serum alanine aminotransferase activity in patients with hepatitis B infection

Interindividual variations in resting metabolic rate during weight loss in obese postmenopausal women: A pilot study

Insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, and serum adiponectin concentration in women with anorexia nervosa

Protein nitration is associated with increased proteolysis in skeletal muscle of bile duct ligation–induced cirrhotic rats

Variable phenotypic expression of chylomicron retention disease in a kindred carrying a mutation of the Sara2 gene

Evidence for an association with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the PPARG locus in a South Indian population

Ingestion of native and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated fats acutely increases circulating numbers of endothelial microparticles

Relationship between plasma uridine and urinary urea excretion

Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese and nonobese Korean populations

Administration of physiologic levels of triiodothyronine increases leptin expression in calorie-restricted obese rats, but does not influence weight loss

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Impact of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance on arterial stiffness in an older Chinese population: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study–CVD

Effect of iron overload on glucose metabolism in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis

Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin treatment on apelin, visfatin, and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Effect of gonadectomy on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in isolated kidney of a rat model of metabolic syndrome

Low doses of hydrogen peroxide impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via inhibition of glucose metabolism and intracellular calcium oscillations

Ethnic differences in the relationships of anthropometric measures to metabolic risk factors in Asian patients at risk of atherothrombosis: Results from the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry

Anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin ameliorates insulin resistance in monosodium glutamate–treated obese mice

Association of glycated albumin, but not glycated hemoglobin, with calcaneus quantitative ultrasound in male hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Obesity is associated with increased parathyroid hormone levels independent of glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease

Glimepiride induces proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway

Comparison of glucose and lipid metabolism and bone mineralization in patients with growth hormone deficiency with and without long-term growth hormone replacement

The neurosurvival factor Humanin inhibits β-cell apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and delays and ameliorates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice

Increased oxidative stress levels and normal antioxidant enzyme activity in circulating mononuclear cells from patients of familial hypercholesterolemia

Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression

Preliminary report: A serious link between adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome in a Korean nondiabetic population

Should triglycerides and the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio be used as surrogates for insulin resistance?

Lipid oxidation in overweight men after exercise and food intake

Net acid excretion capacity is related to blood hydrogen ion and serum carbon dioxide

2-Deoxy-d-ribose induces cellular damage by increasing oxidative stress and protein glycation in a pancreatic β-cell line

Insulin resistance is associated with increased renal resistive index independent of other factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients