MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Microscopy Research and Technique' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 06:39:43 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657824&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22015 Conclusion: These results indicate that immunotherapy contributed to reestablishment of tissue damaged by the hyperglycemic condition, demonstrating that the immunomodulation plays an important role in the recovery of salivary glands. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657824 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657823&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22012 This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo remineralization of acid‐etched enamel in non‐brushing areas as influenced by fluoridated orthodontic adhesive and toothpaste. One hundred and twenty teeth from 30 volunteers were selected. The teeth were assigned to four treatments: no treatment (negative control); 37% phosphoric acid‐etching (PAE) (positive control); PAE + resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC); and, PAE + composite resin. Patients brushed teeth with fluoridated (n = 15) or non‐fluoridated (n = 15) toothpastes, so that etched enamel was protected with screens and it was not in contact with the brush bristles. Remineralization was evaluated by means of laser fluorescence (LF), environmental scanning electronic microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry after extr... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657823 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657822&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21126 In conclusion, 5.25% NaOCl and MTAD are associated with local changes in surface roughness of gutta‐percha cones. No change was observed when 2% CHX was used. The use of all tested solutions did not produce any changes on Resilon surface. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657822 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657821&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21120 AbstractThe transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are involved in sensing mechanical/physical stimuli such as temperature, light, pressure, as well as chemical stimuli. Some TRP channels are present in the vertebrate retina, and the occurrence of the multifunctional channel TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been reported in adult zebrafish. Here, we investigate the expression and distribution of TRPV4 in the retina of zebrafish during development using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry from 3 days post fertilization (dpf) until 100 dpf. TRPV4 was detected at the mRNA and protein levels in the eye of zebrafish at all ages sampled. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of TRPV4 in a population of the retinal cells identified as amacrine cells on the... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657821 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657820&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21119 AbstractIn most anatomical studies developed with mammals, the tongue is described as highly differentiated among different species. However, studies on the tongue of aquatic mammals are still limited as compared to those on terrestrial mammals. The aim of this study was to describe the tongue morphology of the Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) using macroscopic observations, light, and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopically, the dorsal surface was covered by a keratinized stratified epithelium. Salivary gland acini were found on the middle and caudal third of the tongue. The dorsal surface was totally covered by filiform papillae with a connective tissue core and a connective tissue structure round in shape in the middle and caudal regions. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657820 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5657819&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21109 CONCLUSION: Although the use of LCS has not decreased the porosity of the material, this insertion method is easy, accessible, and low cost, which makes it a viable alternative of use in the ART technique and in others bucal health programs. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5657819 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5657819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626017&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22010 This study evaluated the presence of residues after removal of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] associated with different vehicles. Thirty single‐rooted teeth were instrumented to a master apical file #25 using 2.5% NaOCl as main irrigant and 17% trisodium EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) as final agent irrigant. Then, the root canals were dressed with Ca(OH)2 associated with silicone oil (Group 1), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (Group 2), or propylene glycol (Group 3). After coronal sealing, all teeth were kept in a moist environment at room temperature. After 7 days, the teeth were reopened and medicaments were removed using 5 mL of saline solution and instrumentation with master apical file followed by new irrigation with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. Subsequently, teeth were split longitudinally... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626017 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 13:41:20 +0100 5626017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626019&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22004 AbstractPhytoliths are an important component for interpreting the ancient botanical record. However, phytoliths can be altered through heating, either as the result of such activities as firing ceramics, clay molds use for casting metal or in hearths. Phytoliths can also be altered through heating as the result of creating comparative sample from living plants. By heating phytoliths at graduated intervals it was found that different types of phytoliths lost their diagnostic morphological characteristics at significantly different temperatures. The phytoliths used in this study are derived from economically important plants to Chinese archaeology and culture. Given the consistent results of the alteration of different type of phytoliths at specific temperatures it should eventually be poss... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626019 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626018&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22009 In this study, healing of cutaneous wounds in Labeo rohita using scanning electron microscope is reported. Wound area could be divided into three regions. Immediately after infliction of wound, edges retract exposing underlying tissues in wound gap (Region I). Simultaneously, at region close to wound edge (Region II), mucous goblet cell openings are observed with copious mucous secretions. Within 1 h, Region I gets covered by mucous secretions, and epidermis at edges starts migrating. Opposing fronts gradually advance and by 4–6 h come in contact to epithelialize wound gap. Zone of contact of fronts is demarcated by epidermal ridge, which is relatively prominent at 8 h. It gradually diminishes and is not distinguished at 24 h and afterward. At 1–4 h, microridges on epithelial cell surf... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626018 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5605571&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22005 AbstractDespite the large number of species, their wide distribution, and unique reproductive characteristics, Neotropical bats have been poorly studied, and important aspects of the reproduction of these animals have not been elucidated. We made an ultrastructural analysis of spermatogenesis in Molossus molossus (Molossidae). The process of spermatogonial differentiation is similar to that found in other bats and is also relatively similar to that of Primates, with three main spermatogonia types: Ad, Ap, and B. Meiotic divisions proceed similarly to those of most mammals, and spermiogenesis is clearly divided into 12 steps, in the middle of the range known for bats (9–16 steps). Formation of the acrosome is similar to that known from other mammals; however, the ultrastructure of spermat... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5605571 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 11:59:21 +0100 5605571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570387&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22003 AbstractThe Brazilian africanized Apis mellifera is currently considered as one of the most important pollinators threatened by the use of insecticides due to its frequent exposition to their toxic action while foraging in the crops it pollinated. Among the insecticides, the most used in the control of insect pragues has as active agent the pyriproxyfen, analogous to the juvenile hormone (JH). Unfortunately the insecticides used in agriculture affect not only the target insects but also beneficial nontarget ones as bees compromising therefore, the growth rate of their colonies at the boundaries of crop fields. Workers that forage for provisions in contaminated areas can introduce contaminated pollen or/and nectar inside the beehives. As analogous to JH the insecticide pyriproxyfen acts in ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570387 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570386&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22006 AbstractDiplopods are agile saprophagous invertebrates with the ability to colonize several soil layers. They feed on waste and decaying organic matter, making the soil in which they are present better aerated and mineral‐enriched. Because of their habits, diplopods have been suggested to be used in studies to analyze possible toxic effects of impacted soils in edafic fauna. In that respect, this study aimed at checking the feasibility of using morphological analysis from millipede's midgut as a biomarker for soils exposed to sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants. Histological and histochemical techniques, applied to the species Rhinocricus padbergi's midgut, were used. Two sewage sludge samples were used; they were collected in two small towns in the countryside of São Paulo State... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570386 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570385&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22007 AbstractTo help understand the mechanism of host discrimination during oviposition of a parasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), the ultrastructure and morphology of the sense organs on the dorsal and ventral stylets of the ovipositor were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ovipositor stylets were scanned for sense organs, because only unsheathed ovipositors are used for probing, stabbing, and host discrimination. Five types of sensilla and secretary pores were identified. Based on their pattern of innervation, the surface‐dome and pitted‐dome sensilla were thought to have a gustatory function and, thus, are the best candidates for host‐discrimination. The arrangements of dendrites of type I and type II campaniform sen... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570385 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557379&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21122 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the inorganic content and morphology of one nanofilled and one nanohybrid composite with one universal microhybrid composite. The Vickers hardness, degree of conversion and scanning electron microscope of the materials light‐cured using LED unit were also investigated. One nanofilled (Filtek™ Supreme XT), one nanohybrid (TPH®3) and one universal microhybrid (Filtek™ Z‐250) composite resins at color A2 were used in this study. The samples were made in a metallic mould (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness). Their filler weight content was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The morphology of the filler particles was determined using scanning electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun (SEM‐FEG). Vickers hardne... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557379 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557378&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21124 In this study, we report ghrelin and leptin immunoreactive (ir) cells distribution in the gastrointestinal tract and blood ghrelin and leptin levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) fed diets with different fatty acid compositions. Juvenile rainbow trout and Murray cod were fed five iso‐energetic experimental diets containing fish oil (FO) or one of the following vegetable oils (VO): olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), and palm oil (PO); as the added dietary lipid source. The presence and distribution of both ghrelin and leptin ir cells in the gastrointestinal tract were affected by the inclusion of VO. Ghrelin ir cells were found in the gastric glands of rainbow trout and in the mioenteric plexuses of the stomach of M... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557378 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557377&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22000 AbstractColon layers, especially the submucosa, as well as the secretion of goblet cells are extremely important for the functioning and transit of substances in this organ. However, the damages arising from type I diabetes and the effects of physical training, which plays crucial role in the treatment of this disease, are not yet known in these regions. To analyze the changes in colon submucosa and goblet cells of diabetic rats, as well as the effects of physical training, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic (SD), and trained diabetic (TD). The training protocol consisted of swimming for 60 min a day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Colon samples were collected, processed, and evaluated by histochemical and ultrastructural tec... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557377 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557376&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.22001 We present a modern, light portable device specifically designed for environmental samples for cryogenic transmission‐electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) by on‐site cryo‐plunging. The power of cryo‐TEM comes from preparation of artifact‐free samples. However, in many studies, the samples must be collected at remote field locations, and the time involved in transporting samples back to the laboratory for cryogenic preservation can lead to severe degradation artifacts. Thus, going back to the basics, we developed a simple mechanical device that is light and easy to transport on foot yet effective. With the system design presented here we are able to obtain cryo‐samples of microbes and microbial communities not possible to culture, in their near‐intact environmental conditions as w... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557376 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550718&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21129 AbstractFor the study of cellular ultrastructure, the sample needs to be stabilized by fixation, with the ultimate aim to preserve the native tissue organization and to protect the tissue against later stages of preparation. Chemical and freezing fixation are most used, and chemical fixation employs agents that permeate tissues and cells by diffusion and covalently bind with their major biochemical constituents to fix them. Most widely used chemical fixatives are aldehydes, e.g., formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, which are noncoagulating, crosslinking agents. Cryofixation methods for ultrastructural studies are also popular, and high‐pressure freezing immobilizes all cell constituents and arrests biological activity by removing the thermal energy from the system. In the current research, ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550718 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535195&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21118 This study presents the morpho‐histological and histochemical characterization of the testes, integument, Malpighian tubules, and midgut of engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymphs on the detachment day, showing the morphological and physiological characteristics to this phase in the life cycle of these individuals. The testis is constituted by germinative cells (only spermatogonia) with large, round‐shaped and strongly stained nuclei which are organized into cysts by a thin layer of somatic cells. The integument consists of a cuticle subdivided into epicuticle (lipoprotein) and procuticle (glycoproteic), and a layer of epithelial cells which present glycolipoprotein elements. The procuticle presents two distinct regions: the exocuticle (next to the epicuticle) and the endocuticle (nex... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535195 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5535195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5484659&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21121 CONCLUSIONS: Nanofillers aggregation occurred in all adhesive systems in presence of additional solvents. In general, aggregate sizes were higher after the addition of ethanol. Formed clusters size values are always above the dimensions of the spaces existing between the demineralized collagen fibers. Microsc. Res. Tech. , 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5484659 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5484659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513551&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21110 Conclusions: The use of a two‐step etch‐and‐rinse adhesive with flowable composite was able to promote an adequate seal of the bond interface at the enamel. Moreover, the conventional dual‐cured resin cements associated with simplified and dual‐cured adhesives tested are also indicated to bond thin ceramics to enamel, since all presented low silver nitrate uptake. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513551 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5484658&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21128 This study aimed to evaluate, ex vivo, the nanoleakage in dentinal tubules, the linear infiltration of silver nitrate in the dentin wall/root‐end filling material interface, and the presence of gaps in this interface in root‐end cavities filled with 4 filling materials. Forty‐eight disto‐buccal root canals of maxillary molars were instrumented and filled. Retrograde cavities were prepared with ultrasonic points (apical 2 mm). The samples were divided into 2 control groups (n = 4) and 4 experimental groups (n = 10): Group I – white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); Group II – Super EBA; Group III – Portland cement; and Group IV – Sealer 26. After 1 week, the specimens were subjected to silver nitrate and prepared for SEM (backscattered electrons). In the apical‐apical segm... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5484658 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5484658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466621&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21112 AbstractRhipicephalus sanguineus is a widely distributed tick species that has adapted to the urban environment, and the dog is its main host. This species is also known as a vector and reservoir of diseases caused by bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Currently, acaricides of synthetic chemical origin have been widely and indiscriminately used, leading to the development of resistance to these products by ticks and causing damage to the environment. Thus, these issues have made it necessary to seek other forms of controlling these ectoparasites. R. sanguineus was artificially infested in host New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided into four treatment groups: control (CG1 and CG2) and treatment (TG1 and TG2) groups. TG1 and TG2 hosts were provided with feed supplemented with esters of... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466621 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466620&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21115 Conclusions: Composite resin had the best chemical resistance to erosion among all the materials. Fluoride contained in GIC seemed to cause some protection, however, with material degradation. Chemical interaction of tooth‐colored dental materials with root dentin could be assessed by μ‐EDXRF. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466620 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466619&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21116 This article explores the achievable transmission electron microscopy specimen thickness and quality by using three different preparation methods in the case of a high‐strength nanocrystalline Cu–Nb powder alloy. Low specimen thickness is essential for spatially resolved analyses of the grains in nanocrystalline materials. We have found that single‐sided as well as double‐sided low‐angle Ar ion milling of the Cu–Nb powders embedded into epoxy resin produced wedge‐shaped particles of very low thickness (<10 nm) near the edge. By means of a modified focused ion beam lift‐out technique generating holes in the lamella interior large micrometer‐sized electron‐transparent regions were obtained. However, this lamella displayed a higher thickness at the rim of ≥30 nm. Limi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466619 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466618&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21117 AbstractIn this article, the reproductive system's morphology of three young animals of the species Saguinus midas, from the bauxite mine in Paragominas, is described. The specimens were fixed and preserved in a solution of 10% aqueous formaldehyde, followed by dissection, measurement of the genital organs (uterus, vagina, ovaries, and uterine tubes), and histological processing. The vulva is delimited by the labia, with a clitoris. It is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with sebaceous glands of holocrine secretion. The vagina is an elongated tube with an average length of 26 mm and diameter of 1 mm, presenting a non‐keratinized squamous epithelium, disposed between the vestibule of the vagina and cervix, the latter being relatively short. The uterus is simple, has glo... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466618 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466617&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21123 This study is aimed at morphological characterization of progenitor cells derived from UCB highlighting relevant differences with peripheral blood of adult in dog and cats. Therefore, blood was collected from 18 dogs and 5 cats' umbilical cords from fetus in various developmental stages. The mononuclear cells were separated using the gradient of density Histopaque‐1077. Characterization of CD34+ cells was performed by flow cytometric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Granulocytes (ancestry of the basophiles, eosinophiles, and neutrophiles) and agranulocytes (represented by immature lymphocytes) were identified. We showed for the first time the ultrastructural features of cat UCB cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. , 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research a... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466617 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466616&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21125 This study evaluated the debris and smear removal in flattened root canals using SEM after use of different irrigant agitation protocols. Fifty mandibular incisors were distributed into five groups (n = 10) according to the irrigant agitation protocol used during chemomechanical preparation: conventional syringe irrigation with NaviTip needle (no activation), active scrubbing of irrigant with brush‐covered NaviTip FX needle, manual dynamic irrigation, continuous passive ultrasonic irrigation, and apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system). Canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl at each change of instrument and received a final flush with 17% EDTA for 1 min. After instrumentation, the roots were split longitudinally and SEM micrographs at ×100 and ×1,000 were taken to e... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466616 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419526&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21114 This article reports a novel color tuning method by local sputtering nanolayers on microstructured porous alumina (PA) templates with different pore depths. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy observation, physical models of the original and sputtered PA templates are set up, and the details of the color tuning method are further proposed. Two series of colors covering the whole visible range are first obtained by respectively sputtering Cr and Ag nanolayers on two groups of PA templates with pore‐depths ranging from 230 to 490 nm. A vivid colorful pattern of “Butterfly wings” is then prepared by local sputtering such Cr and Ag nanolayers on the surface of a PA with 310 nm pore‐depth. The scanning electron microscopy images of Cr and Ag sputtered PA surfaces show different... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419526 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:36 +0100 5419526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419528&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21111 AbstractThe highly complex techniques of electron microscopy made it bound to the sensitive and critical micrograph analysis. The accurately interpreted micrographs are of paramount values in basic investigations. Interpretation skills and quality of the micrographs are the two fundamental keys in accomplishment of these goals but there are many mistakes and errors that can happen during the sample preparation, sectioning, EM operation, and photo publishing. The mentioned mistakes and errors effect directly in the final result which is a micrograph and can lead the analyzer who can be a pathologist to an interpretation followed by serious danger for patient. Artifacts caused by any given stimuli expected to be bothersome for investigators. Even best qualified equipments can be regarded as ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419528 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419527&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21113 AbstractUsing live‐cell confocal microscopy and particle tracking technology, the simultaneous transport of intracellular vesicles of the endo‐lysosomal pathway and nonviral polyethylenimine (PEI)/DNA nanocomplexes was investigated. Due to potential problems associated with the use of acid‐sensitive probes in combination with a gene vector that is hypothesized to buffer the pH of intracellular vesicles, the biological location of PEI/DNA gene vectors was revealed by probing their trafficking in cells expressing fluorescent versions of either early endosome antigen 1, a protein that localizes to early endosomes, or Niemann Pick C1, a protein that localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes. Studies directly show that PEI/DNA nanoparticles are actively transported within both early and l... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419527 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398249&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21093 In this study, we investigated the effects of contaminated water on the blood parameters of the fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed during 7 and 20 days. Blood was collected with heparinized syringes, and blood smears were prepared and stained with Leishman stain. Slides were examined and photographed using a Leica light microscope. Total white blood cell counts and differential counts of thrombocytes and leukocytes were obtained for statistical analysis. The group exposed to water samples from Lago Azul exhibited an increase in the number of leukocytes and in the total number of white blood cells, suggesting that the chemical contaminants in this environment were acting similarly to antigens in this fish species, causing the proliferation of defense cells. In the group exposed to detergent ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398249 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398248&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21101 AbstractThe effects of atopic dermatitis (AD) on scalp hair properties, such as morphology and water content, were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analyzer. Hairs from lesional and nonlesional scalp regions of eight patients with AD were investigated. The severity of the disease, which was evaluated using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index, was 48.75 (range, 40–80). Hairs from 15 normal adults were also examined as controls. The surface images were taken in an area of 20 × 20 μm2 with 512 × 512 pixels and a scan speed of 0.8 line/s. AD affected the cuticle structures and scales of scalp hair. The edges of cuticles were torn and collapsed, and the scales were very thick. The water contents of both types of AD hair were less than the control: 12% ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398248 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398247&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21104 AbstractThe tip is one of the critical factors to improve the efficiency in picking up individual DNA molecules from solid substrates based on atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation. We found that wearing AFM tips on certain solid substrates in advance to nanomanipulation operation would largely improve the pickup efficiency, which was ascribed to the increasing affinity of the tip to the DNA molecules along with the increase of the tip radius after wearing. It was demonstrated that bare mica was superior to APTES‐modified mica to keep the tip clean while wearing, which was crucial for DNA pickup during AFM nanomanipulation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398247 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398246&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21105 AbstractThe European sea bass, a member of the Moronidae family, is a food fish, considered one of the first models for the intensive breeding in salt water. It has nowadays an important and increasing presence in the international fishing markets. Sea basses are carnivorous, feeding on little fishes and invertebrates. Considering the important role of the tongue during the intraoral transport and the swallowing of food, scarce data are present in literature about its morphology. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of the tongue by means of scanning electron and light microscopy. Adult sea basses were obtained from the aquarium of the Sicilian Center of Experimental Ichthyiopathology of the University of Messina. The fishes were anaesthetized with MS 222 and the heads were ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398246 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398245&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21106 CONCLUSION:The results indicate that out of both treatment groups, pre‐etching the intact enamel with 37% phosphoric acid resulted in formation of longer resin tags and higher depth of penetration of resin tags of the Clearfil SE bond, and attaining higher bond strength of the Clearfil SE bond to intact enamel. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398245 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398244&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21107 This study evaluated by scanning electron microscopy the interface between root dentin and resin cements, with or without additional application of a dual‐cured one‐step self‐etching dentin adhesive. In addition, the push‐out bond strength of these materials to dentin was evaluated. Root canals of 50 maxillary human canines were subjected to biomechanical preparation and randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10) according to the obturation employed: I. AH Plus/gutta‐percha; II. Endo‐REZ/gutta‐percha; III. Epiphany SE/Resilon; IV. Endo‐REZ/gutta‐percha + adhesive; and V. Epiphany SE/Resilon + adhesive. After obturation, two cross sections of 1.0 mm of each third of the root were obtained and analyzed by SEM and push‐out. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis, Two‐wa... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398244 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398243&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21108 AbstractFull‐field hard X‐ray tomography could be used to obtain three‐dimensional (3D) nanoscale structures of biological samples. The image of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, was clearly visualized based on Zernike phase contrast imaging technique and heavy metal staining method at a spatial resolution better than 50 nm at the energy of 8 keV. The distributions and shapes of the organelles during the cell cycle were clearly visualized and two types of organelle were distinguished. The results for cells during various phases were compared and the ratios of organelle volume to cell volume can be analyzed quantitatively. It showed that the ratios remained constant between growth and division phase and increased strongly in stationary phase, following the shape and size o... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398243 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398242&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21127 (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398242 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5398242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356732&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21103 AbstractAdenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) is the major energy currency and is involved in many biological processes. The ATP‐monitoring system for cells in animals can be helpful to study the relationship between energy metabolism and biological processes. The fluorescent ATP biosensor ATeam (ATP indicator based on Epsilon subunit for Analytical Measurements), which has been reported to monitor ATP levels in cultured cells on the basis of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), was introduced into nematodes by microinjection and UV‐irradiation method. To confirm whether ATeam functions as an ATP sensor in nematode cells, the authors measured FRET of ATeam in cells of transgenic nematode. The ATeam was expressed in target cells in nematode. In vulva cells, ATP levels in the cyt... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356732 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:45:32 +0100 5356732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356736&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21049 CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference neither in maximal and minimal RDT, nor in canal diameters shaped with different NiTi instruments tested. All tested NiTi files have accomplished good quality preparation of apical root canal parts. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356736 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356735&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21099 AbstractThe adipose fin is small, nonpared, and usually located medially between the dorsal and caudal fin. Its taxonomic occurrence is very restrict; thus, it represents an important trace for taxon distinction. As it does not play a known vital physiological roll and it is easily removed, it is commonly used in marking and recapture studies. The present study characterizes the adipose fin of Prochilodus lineatus, as it is poorly explored by the literature. The adipose fin consists basically of a loose connective core, covered by a stratified epithelium supported by collagen fibers. At the epithelium, pigmented cells and alarm substance cells are found. Despite the name, adipocytes or lipid droplets are not observed on the structure of the fin. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Per... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356735 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356734&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21100 This study utilized a recently developed, cationic, iodinated contrast agent in conjunction with micro‐computed tomography to identify cartilage in fracture calluses in the femora of C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ mice. Fracture calluses were scanned before and after incubation in the contrast agent. The set of pre‐incubation images was registered against and then subtracted from the set of post‐incubation images, resulting in a three‐dimensional map of the locations of cartilage in the callus, as labeled by the contrast agent. This map was then compared to histology from a previous study. The results showed that the locations where the contrast agent collected in relatively high concentrations were similar to those of the cartilage. The contrast agent also identified a significant differenc... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356734 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356733&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21102 In conclusion, horse SG neurons display significant morphometric and neurochemical differences compared with those of rodents. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356733 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5356733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344760&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21027 AbstractMorphology of spermatozoa in bees has provided promising results for phylogenetic analyses. In this work, the structure and ultrastructure of spermatozoa from Thygater (Thygater) analis and Melitoma segmentaria were characterized and the synapomorphies shared in the family Apidae are discussed. In these species, spermatozoa bundles which are undone in the seminal vesicle possess, on average, 50 cells. Spermatozoa consist of a head and a flagellar region. The head includes an acrosome containing the perforatorium, covered by the acrosomal vesicle and a nucleus. The flagellum is formed by two mitochondrial derivatives, which are asymmetric in diameter and length, with one centriolar adjunct, one axoneme (9 + 9 + 2), and two accessory bodies. In cross section the centriolar adjunct is... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344760 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344759&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21076 AbstractThe frequent use of some rare earths in the medical and industrial domains make us worry about their intracellular behavior into the body. Reason for which we have investigated the subcellular localization of one of these elements, the samarium, in the mammary gland of lactating female wistar rats using two very sensitive methods of observation and microanalysis, the transmission electron microscopy and the secondary ion mass spectrometry. The ultrastructural study showed the presence of electron dense deposits in the lactating mammary glandular epithelial cell lysosomes of the samarium‐treated rats, but no loaded lysosomes were observed in those of control rats. The microanalytical study allowed both the identification of the chemical species present in those deposits as samariu... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344759 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344758&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21088 In this study, the confocal microscopy was used to localize Hsp70 in Carassius auratus (C. auratus) with immunohistochemical technology. There are different zooms to select to analyze the object at the same field of vision with one objective lens with confocal microscopy. It need not change objective lens to observe the details of tissues. In this study, the tissue slices of C. auratus were observed with the 20‐fold objective lens. Furthermore, the zooms of 1, 2, and 3 were used to acquire the distribution of Hsp70 in the tissue slices of C. auratus, and the clearer images of Hsp70 in the tissues were acquired. The results indicated that Hsp70 were present in the gill, liver, and cardiac muscle of C. auratus, and a method was established to detect Hsp70 in the tissues of C. auratus with ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344758 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344757&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21098 AbstractIn Digelasinus diversipes, spermatozoa are maintained in bundles, with 74 spermatozoa on average, in the seminal vesicle. These spermatozoa are very short (20 μm) and consist of a head and flagellum. The head includes an acrosome (perforatorium covered by the acrosomal vesicle) and a nucleus. A regular electron‐lucent region separates the acrosomal vesicle from the perforatorium, which is inserted parallel to the anterior ending of the nucleus. The small flagellum is composed of two symmetrical mitochondrial derivatives, a centriolar adjunct, an axoneme (9 + 9 + 2), and two accessory bodies. The centriolar adjunct begins above the posterior end of the nucleus and ends covering the anterior tip of two mitochondrial derivatives. In the terminal region of the axoneme, the central m... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344757 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344756&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21075 In this study, the localization of S100 protein was investigated in the brain of annual teleost fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, which is an emerging model organism for aging research. By immunohistochemical techniques, S100 immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in glial cells, small neurons, and fibers throughout all regions of central nervous system (CNS) with different pattern of distribution. In the telencephalon, S100 IR was seen in the olphactory bulbs and in different areas of the telencephalic hemispheres. In the diencephalon, S100 positivity was observed in the habenular nuclei of the epithalamus, in the cortical thalamic nucleus, in the dorsal, ventral and caudal portions, the latter with the posterior recessus nucleus, and in the diffuse inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, along the di... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344756 Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322295&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21089 AbstractVariable bright‐darkfield contrast (VBDC) is a new technique in light microscopy which promises significant improvements in imaging of transparent colorless specimens especially when characterized by a high regional thickness and a complex three‐dimensional architecture. By a particular light pathway, two brightfield‐ and darkfield‐like partial images are simultaneously superimposed so that the brightfield‐like absorption image based on the principal zeroth order maximum interferes with the darkfield‐like reflection image which is based on the secondary maxima. The background brightness and character of the resulting image can be continuously modulated from a brightfield‐dominated to a darkfield‐dominated appearance. When the weighting of the dark‐ and brightfield... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322295 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322294&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21087 This article investigates a new method based on GVF (gradient vector flow) snake deformable model for starch granules segmentation. The proposed method focuses on full automatic segmentation on granules, especially on separation of adjacent and contacted starch granules, which occur widely in microscopic images. A novel energy function based on position and intensity is introduced into the directional gradient computation, thus the directional gradient is used to obtain the directional GVF snake, which drives the deforming contours to the real contours of multiple granules. To demonstrate the good ability of the proposed method, we segment 30 starch granule images and compare it with the level set method, experimental results show that the new method can separate multiple starch granules s... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322294 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322293&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21094 AbstractFunctional restoration for orthopedic, systemic, or dental purposes uses a diverse range of biomaterials. Monitoring for any subsequent failures associated with pathology is vital. To this end, an alternative methodology beyond that of cutting sections by conventional microtome knife‐based histomethodologies was pioneered. The method was to saw a block of tissue followed by grinding the unsupported slice to the required thickness. The sawing and grinding of unsupported bones or teeth exposed not only the specimen fragility, but also the delicacy of the associated soft tissues. Although incomplete, the significance of the technique was recognized and improvements were incorporated which persist to the present day addressing the histopathology of challenging specimens. One major im... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322293 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322292&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21095 AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of Azadirachta indica against N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Further, the associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes were also analyzed. Hepatic cancer model was developed by the intraperitoneal administration of NDEA to mice at weekly intervals, in successive increasing doses, for a period of 8 weeks. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (AAILE) was administered orally at a dosage of 100 μg/g body weight thrice a week till termination of the study. A relationship between histopathological grading and chemopreventive effect of A. indica had been established at various stages of carcinogenesis. Anticancer activity of A. indica was evaluated in terms of tumor incidence, ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322292 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322291&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21096 This study demonstrated that there are morphological features associated with the undifferentiated and differentiated states of the MSCs, which could be utilized as new parameters for identifying and classifying these cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322291 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302369&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21086 This study was designed to evaluate the effect of various buffers on the fluorescence signal intensity of two fluorochromes (IP and CFDA) when used to assess the membrane integrity of ram sperm. Second ejaculates (18) from nine adult males were collected using an artificial vagina and diluted in either MOPS, TRIS, TES, HEPES, citrate, or phosphate‐based extenders. Semen samples were stored at 15°C and the membrane integrity was assessed within the first 24 h of storage. Mean fluorescence intensity (FI) of PI‐ and CDFA‐labeled sperm heads and fluorescence background noise (FBN) were determined quantitatively using Image J software. Fluorescence contrast (FC) was expressed as the difference between FI and FBN. Significantly, higher FI and FC were recorded when TRIS diluent was used, r... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302369 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5302369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302368&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21085 AbstractA better understanding of the remodeling process of postextraction sockets is essential in dental treatment planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) can be applied to imaging contour changes of postextraction sites, as well as to its quantification with image analysis of obtained three‐dimensional images. This work describes a new application of the CLSM technique. The system used was the OLS3100‐USS, LEXT model (Olympus®). CLSM was used for the surface analysis of the extraction site. The measurements taken with CLSM were: (1) mesio‐distal distance, (2) alveolar ridge thickness, and (3) vestibular and lingual alveolar ridge height. Results of study cast scanning at baseline, 1 and 3 months after tooth extraction, with... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302368 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5302368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302367&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21072 AbstractAn experimental approach was performed on 20 giant rabbits to establish the possibilities and limitations of μ‐CT for routine processing of nondemineralized bone tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HA) or β‐tricalciumphosphate (β‐TCP) bead implants or a melange of both, microchambered and solid, were implanted into a standardized and precise defect in the patellar groove. The bone‐healing phase was chosen for the histology considering 1 or 2 days, and 2, 3, and 6 weeks. Normal X‐ray and μ‐CT were applied on all specimens; five specimens in the 6‐week stage were additionally processed according to the full range of conventional nondemineralized bone processing methods. μ‐CT increased the possibilities of nondemineralized histology with respect to bone morphometry and a comp... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302367 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5302367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302366&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21092 AbstractThe aim of this study is to show histological and immunofluorescence analysis of renal parenchyma of agoutis affected by gentamicin‐induced renal disease after the infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) stained with Hoechst®. Nine agouti's males were divided into three groups: Test group (TG): renal disease by gentamicin induced (n = 3), cell therapy group (CTG): renal disease by gentamicin induced and BMMC infusion (n = 3), and control group (CG): nonrenal disease and BMMC infusion (n = 3). TG and CTG were submitted to the protocol of renal disease induction using weekly application of gentamicin sulfate for 4 months. CG and CTG received a 1 × 108 BMMC stained with Hoechst and were euthanized for kidney examination 21 days after BMMC injection and samples were collec... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302366 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5302366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344755&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21097 AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to assess the agreement among four techniques used as gold standard for the validation of methods for occlusal caries detection. Sixty‐five human permanent molars were selected and one site in each occlusal surface was chosen as the test site. The teeth were cut and prepared according to each technique: stereomicroscopy without coloring (1), dye enhancement with rhodamine B (2) and fuchsine/acetic light green (3), and semi‐quantitative microradiography (4). Digital photographs from each prepared tooth were assessed by three examiners for caries extension. Weighted kappa, as well as Friedman's test with multiple comparisons, was performed to compare all techniques and verify statistical significant differences. Results: kappa values varied from... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344755 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5322290&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21063 This article presents a new approach for extracting high level semantic concepts from digital histopathological images. This strategy provides not only annotation of several biological concepts, but also a coarse location of these concepts. The proposed approach is composed of five main steps: (1) a stain decomposition stage, which separates the contribution of hematoxylin and eosin dyes, (2) a color standardization that corrects color image differences, (3) a part‐based representation, which describes the image in terms of the conditional probability of relevant local patches, selected by their stain contributions, (4) a discriminative classification model, which bridges out the found patterns and the biological concepts, (5) a block‐based annotation strategy that identifies the multi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5322290 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5322290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302365&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21091 AbstractIn this article, we propose a new shape from focus (SFF) method to estimate 3D shape of microscopic objects using surface orientation cue of each object patch. Most of the SFF algorithms compute the focus value of a pixel from the information of neighboring pixels lying on the same image frame based on an assumption that the small object patch corresponding to the small neighborhood of a pixel is a plane parallel to the focal plane. However, this assumption fails in the optics with limited depth of field where the neighboring pixels of an image have different degree of focus. To overcome this problem, we try to search the surface orientation of the small object patch corresponding to each pixel in the image sequence. Searching of the surface orientation is done indirectly by princi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302365 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5302365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282777&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21082 We present combined epi‐coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and multiphoton imaging with both chemical discrimination and subcellular resolution on human skin invivo. The combination of both image modalities enables label‐free imaging of the autofluorescence of endogenous fluorophores by two‐photon excited fluorescence, as well as imaging of the distribution of intercellular lipids, topically applied substances and water by CARS. As an example for medical imaging, we investigated healthy and psoriasis‐affected human skin with both image modalities in vivo and found indications for different lipid distributions on the cellular level. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282777 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270901&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21083 AbstractEffective medical image analysis is possible by the use of technique known as segmentation. Segmentation is a very challenging task because there is not any standard segmentation method is available for any medical application. In this article, we have proposed an automatic brain MR image segmentation method. Fast discrete curvelet transform and spatial fuzzy C‐mean algorithm is used for noise removal and segmentation of brain MR image. Fuzzy entropy has been used for calculating adaptive and optimal threshold to separate out the image segments. Our proposed system is exclusively based on the information contained by the image itself. No extra information and no human intervention are required in our proposed system. We have tested our proposed system on different T1, T2 and PD b... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270901 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270905&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21074 AbstractSurface ultrastructures of gill filaments and secondary lamellae of Rita rita and Cirrhinus mrigala, inhabiting different ecological habitat, were investigated to unravel adaptive modifications. R. rita is a sluggish, bottom dwelling carnivorous catfish, which inhabits regions of river with accumulations of dirty water. It retains its viability for long time if taken out of water. C. mrigala is an active bottom dwelling Indian major carp, which lives in relatively clean water and dies shortly after taken out of water. In R. rita, gill septa between gill filaments are reduced. Microridges on epithelial cells covering gill filaments are often continuous and arranged concentrically. Secondary lamellae are extensive. The epithelium appears corrugated, show irregular elevations and shal... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270905 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270904&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21078 AbstractScaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) is a leafhopper vector of a phytoplasma disease, the Flavescence dorée (FD), belonging to the vine yellows group. A scanning and transmission electron microscope study has been carried out to investigate the antennal sensory structures. The first two segments, the scape and the pedicel, are short, covered by cuticular scales and devoid of sensilla, with exception of some scattered hairs on the pedicel. The flagellum consists of a unique, elongated segment in which numerous subunits can be recognized, being separated by a sort of cuticular crown. The proximal five subunits bear most of the sensilla. We discovered the presence of single‐ and double‐walled coeloconic sensilla, campaniform sensilla, basiconic sensilla, and trichoi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270904 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270903&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21081 AbstractAtom probe tomography (APT) is a mass spectrometry method with atomic‐scale spatial resolution that can be used for the investigation of a wide range of materials. The main limiting factor with respect to the type of problems that can be addressed is the small volume investigated and the randomness of common sample preparation methods. With existing site‐specific specimen preparation methods it is still challenging to rapidly and reproducibly produce large numbers of successful samples from specifically selected grain boundaries or interfaces for systematic studies. A new method utilizing both focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented that can be used to reproducibly produce damage‐free atom probe samples with features of interest at any d... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270903 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270902&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21090 In this study, we observed the immunoflourescence of TRPV1 was not only located in serous acini and ducts but also surround the basal layer of the acinus and intercalated ducts of human submandibular glands. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed colocalization of TRPV1 with calponin, vimentin, and α‐smooth muscle actin, which indicated the myoepithelial expression of TRPV1. Treating submandibular gland tissues with capsaicin, an agonist of TRPV1, substantially increased the phosphorylation of the 20‐kDa regulatory light‐chain subunit of myosin (MLC20), a crucial molecule for contraction of smooth muscle cells, in MECs. Pretreatment with capsazepine, a specific TRPV1 inhibitor, blocked capsaicin‐induced MLC20 phosphorylation. These results suggest that TRPV1 is expressed in M... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270902 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220461&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21073 In this study, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) were used to determine the elemental content of spherocrystals in two Strombidae, Strombus gigas and Strombus pugilis. In freshly collected individuals of both species, the following elements were detected: Ca, Fe, Mg, P, and Zn. Aluminum and Mn were also detected in S. gigas. Their presence in spherocrystals indicates that, in Strombidae, spherocrystals are involved in the regulation of minerals and essential trace metals. In order to answer the question “are spherocrystals involved in nonessential trace metals scavenging?,” artificial cadmium and lead exposure by both waterborne and dietary pathways was applied to S. pugilis. No evidence of cadmium (Cd(NO3)2) or lead... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220461 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220460&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21077 AbstractVirtually every study that has used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to estimate viral diversity has acknowledged that loss of phage tails during sample preparation may have biased the results. However, the magnitude of this potential bias has yet to be constrained. To characterize biases in virus morphological diversity due to tail loss, six phage strains representing the order Caudovirales were inoculated into sterile sediments and soils. Phage particles were then extracted using standard methods. Morphologies of extracted phage particles were compared to those of unmanipulated control samples to determine the extent of tail breakage incurred by extraction procedures. Podoviruses exhibited the smallest frequency of tail loss during extraction (1.2–14%), myoviruses were mo... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220460 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220459&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21080 CONCLUSION: Selection of an ROI for assessment of packing density and interfibril distances should be standardized for comparative assessments of TEMs of collagen fibrils. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220459 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220458&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21084 AbstractMorphological properties of atmospheric particles are directly related to their residence time and transport behaviors, and their deposition patterns in human respiratory systems. The projected properties of particles measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were combined with the particle height measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine volume equivalent diameter of submicrometer particles. For nonvolatile (refractory) laboratory‐generated spherical polystyrene latex and cubic NaCl particles, the measured volume equivalent diameters agreed well with the true values (within 4%). However, for nonrefractory (NH4)2SO4 particles, the measured volume equivalent diameter was much smaller than the true value due to evaporation of volatile species at low vacuum pre... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220458 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205455&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21067 This study not only presents the first definitive anatomical description of the structures in the oropharyngeal cavity of magpie and raven but also reviews and compares the scattered information on the morphology of the other avian species available in the literature. In this study, the organs of four birds (two magpies and two ravens) were used. The tongue in magpie and raven was considerably elongated and terminated with an oval‐shaped apex. Although the lingual apex in the magpie was divided by fissure, no such bifurcation existed on that of raven. Lingual apex was quite distinctive in both species, and multiple acicular processes covered the apex. These occurrences on the tongue of magpie were replaced by thread‐like processes as approaching the lingual body. In raven, these proces... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205455 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205454&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21069 This study presents an application of analytical electron microscopy in biology to investigate the chemical composition of the spherites and to elucidate the importance of these methods in the life sciences. The structure of the spherites in the midgut cells of first, second, and third instar larvae Euroleon nostras was investigated by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS), electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy filtering TEM (EFTEM). The structure and chemical composition of the spherites changed during the metamorphosis. In first larvae, the spherites are composed of amorphous, flocculent material, containing C, N, and O. In second larvae and third ones, the spherites have concentric layers of alternating el... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205454 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205453&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21070 AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women. In this article, support vector machine is used to classify digital mammogram images into malignant and benign. Wiener filter is used to handle the possible quantum noise, which is more likely to occur in mammograms. Stack‐based connected component method is proposed for background removal, and the image is enhanced using retinax method. Seeded region growing algorithm is used to remove the pectoral muscle part of the mammogram. We have extracted 13 different multidomains' features for classification. Results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. We have used MIAS database of mammography for experimentation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, I... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205453 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5191942&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21068 AbstractMorphological observation and analysis of cerebral microvascular network is an essential way to study cerebral function. Automated labeling of cerebral microvascular in microscopy images is one of the key steps for quantitative analysis of microvascular network in the specimens of brain mantle. It is presented in this work that an automated image processing approach based on curvilinear structure detector is applied to label and analyze the microvascular in the image. Steerable filter is also introduced to address the detecting confusion in branching regions. And then the vascular morphology analysis, such as average microvascular density, is also performed after image processing. Validation has demonstrated that the results from proposed approach are satisfied. The proposed method... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5191942 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5191942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5191941&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21055 AbstractCallithrix penicillata belongs to the family Callitrichidae, Callithrix genus. They are basically insectivorous, but they consume fruits. The mucosa of the tongue is composed of some papillary types, revealing different levels of expertise. The present study attempted to describe the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of the dorsal surface of the C. penicillata, describing the characteristics and distribution of papillae found. Five tongues of C. penicillata (two females and three males), obtained from breeding colonies of CENP‐Ananindeua‐PA, died from natural causes. The material was fixed partly in a buffer solution paraformaldehyde 10% and partly in modified Karnovsky solution, divided into apex, body, and root, and then the fragments were used in light microscopy and... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5191941 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5191941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5191940&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21066 AbstractThirty adult agoutis (Dasyprocta primnolopha) from the Nucleus of Study and Preservation of Wild Animals at the Federal University of Piauí were used. Blood scrubs of these animals were colored by the Leishman method and analyzed in light microscopy. The cells had been measured using programs that analyze images (Leica QWin – Image Processing and Analysis Software). Mature erythrocytes, basophil reticulocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes were identified. Agoutis' erythrocytes presented elliptical form, without nucleus with an average diameter of 5.64 micromeres ± 0.38. The lymphocytes are spherical cells with scarce cytoplasm, dense and with a very centralized rounded nucleus measuring an average diameter of 13.20 micromeres ± 0.35. The m... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5191940 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5191940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5191939&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21065 AbstractAnoplistes halodendri halodendri (Pallas, 1776) and Anoplistes halodendri ephippium (Stevens and Dalman, 1817) are two subspecies of the longicorn beetle A. halodendri (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). In the recent years, these subspecies have been spreading rapidly in Hippophae rhamnoides and Hedysarum scoparium shrubberies in the Chinese provinces of Shanxi and Kingie, causing mass mortality of these shrubberies species and consequently leading to great damage to local ecological environment construction as well as high economic, ecological, and societal losses. To control their hazards effectively, here, we study and compare the types, densities, and distribution of antennal sensilla of A. h. halodendri and A. h. ephippium using scanning electron microscopy. Eight sensilla types were... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5191939 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5191939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220457&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21079 AbstractMucociliary clearance is essential to maintain the defense function of the maxillary sinus; however, no literatures described the age changes in its lining epithelium. Therefore, the current work sought to describe the morphological postnatal age‐related changes of maxillary sinus lining epithelium in rats using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes. Eighteen albino rats were divided into six groups according to their ages: 2‐week‐old, 1‐month‐old, 2‐month‐old, 3‐month‐old, adults, and senile rats. One‐month‐old‐rats' group was the first to have recognizable maxillary sinus cavities that were lined by either single flat cellular layer or two distinct epithelial layers. These cells were devoid of microvilli and cilia, none of them showed evid... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220457 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205452&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21071 We report a study on the model of the intestine of Isospora suis‐infected piglets, in which we addressed (1) whether the quantity of detectable T cells in the intestinal mucosa is the same in formalin‐, HOPE®‐, and cryo‐conserved material or whether the amounts of T cells at least correlate with one another; and (2) whether single jejunal segments differ in regard to the quantity of mucosal T cells and variability of lymphocyte infiltration. Quantification of T cells in histological sections of different parts of the jejunum of 15‐22 day old piglets infected with I. suis was performed using an anti‐CD3‐antibody and stereological point counting. Area fractions of T‐cell profiles per intestinal mucosa profile were higher in cryo‐conserved samples than in HOPE®‐ and form... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205452 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5191938&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21062 AbstractAll microscopical images contain noise, increasing when (e.g., transmission electron microscope or light microscope) approaching the resolution limit. Many methods are available to reduce noise. One of the most commonly used is image averaging. We propose here to use the mode of pixel values. Simple Python programs process a given number of images, recorded consecutively from the same subject. The programs calculate the mode of the pixel values in a given position (a, b). The result is a new image containing in (a, b) the mode of the values. Therefore, the final pixel value corresponds to that read in at least two of the pixels in position (a, b). The application of the program on a set of images obtained by applying salt and pepper noise and GIMP hurl noise with 10–90% standard ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5191938 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5191938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158064&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21054 We present here the phasor approach to biosensor Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and show that this method of data representation is robust towards biosensor design as well as the fluorescence artifacts inherent to the cellular environment. We demonstrate this property on a series of dual and single chain biosensors, which report the localization of Rac1 and RhoA activity, whilst performing concomitant ratiometric FRET analysis on the acquired FLIM data by the generalized polarization (GP) approach. We then evaluate and compare the ability of these two methods to quantitatively image biosensor FRET signal as a function of time and space. We find that with lifetime analysis in the phasor plot each molecular species is tr... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158064 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 12:49:24 +0100 5158064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158065&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21064 AbstractThe zebrafish pineal gland plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm through the melatonin secretion. The pinealocytes, also called photoreceptive cells, are considered the morphofunctional unit of pineal gland. In literature, the anatomical features, the cellular characteristics, and the pinealocytes morphology of zebrafish pineal gland have not been previously described in detail. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze the structure and ultrastructure, as well as the immunohistochemical profile of the zebrafish pineal gland with particular reference to the pinealocytes. Here, we demonstrated, using RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, the expression of the mRNA for rhodopsin in the pineal gland of zebrafish, as wel... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158065 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103215&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21058 AbstractTo investigate the structural anisotropy in bovine septal cartilage, quantitative procedures in microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (μMRI), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and mechanical indentation were used to measure the tissue in three orthogonal planes: vertical, medial, and caudocephalic. The quantitative T2 imaging experiments in μMRI found strong anisotropy in the images of both vertical and caudocephalic planes but little anisotropy in the images from the medial plane. The PLM birefringent experiments found that the retardation values in the medial section were only about 10% of these in the vertical and caudocephalic sections and that the angle values in all three sections followed the rotation of the tissue section in the microscope stage. The stress relaxation ex... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103215 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103214&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21061 AbstractCellular composition of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) optic tectal cortex was examined in this study. Morphological techniques such as 1μm thick serial plastic sections stained with osmium tetroxide and toluidine blue, modified rapid Golgi silver impregnation, GFAP immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used. Neuronal and glial components are described and the layers of the cortex are revisited. Specific neuronal arrangements as well as unique glial/ependymal cells are described. A three dimensional rendering of the astrocytic fiber arrangement in the marginal zone is presented and a composite drawing summarizes the cellular composition of the optic tectum. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (S... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103214 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103213&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21059 AbstractA major challenge of cancer biology is to visualize the dynamics of the metastatic process in secondary organs at high optical resolution in vivo real‐time. Here, we presented intravital, dual‐colored imaging of liver metastasis formation from a single cancer cell to metastatic colonies in the living liver of living mice using two photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). Red fluorescent protein expressing murine (SL4) or human (HT29) colorectal cancer cell lines were inoculated to the spleen of green fluorescent protein expressing mice. Intravital TPLSM was performed by exteriorizing and fixing the liver lobe of living mice. This was repeated several times for the long‐term imaging of the same mouse. Viable cancer cells in the living liver of living mice were visualized intr... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103213 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103212&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21053 AbstractFipronil, active ingredient of Frontline® acaricide, is a phenyl‐pyrazolic derivative, and its efficacy in the elimination of several plagues, even in lower concentrations, has already been demonstrated; however, its effect on nontarget organisms has not been thoroughly explained. In this sense, the present study had the objective to evaluate the effects of different doses of fipronil in mice and determine its cytotoxic potential and possible compromises on nontarget organisms in artificial conditions. The results showed that animals exposed to fipronil presented significant alterations in the thyroidean tissue with evident follicular disorganization, decreased in the size of most follicles culminating with the rupture of smaller follicles and still with posterior fusion in a bi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103212 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103211&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21056 AbstractIn vitro interaction of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites with fibronectin (FN) induces redistribution of the amoebic fibronectin receptor (β1EhFNR). Trafficking of beta1 integrins is important for cell adhesion and migration in higher eukaryotes and requires the participation of Rab proteins. In E. histolytica, the machinery involved in integrin trafficking is not completely known. EhRab7 is a 24.5‐kDa protein whose alignment with other Rab7 proteins demonstrated that it shared significant homology with Rab7 proteins from other organisms, including humans. Using different types of microscopy (fluorescence and confocal microscopy), it was established that Rab7 and the actin cytoskeleton participated in the mobilization of β1EhFNR in FN‐stimulated trophozoites. β1EhFNR and R... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103211 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5103211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085764&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21060 AbstractFluorescence microscopy and microspectrofluorometry are important tools in the characterization and identification of proteins, offering a great range of applications in conservation science. Because of their high selectivity and sensitivity, the combination of these techniques can be exploited for improved recognition and quantification of proteinaceous binders in paintings and polychromed works of art. The present article explores an analytical protocol integrating fluorescence microscopy and fluorometry for both identification and mapping of proteinaceous binders (in particular egg and glues) in paint samples. The study has been carried out on historically accurate reconstructions simulating the structure and composition of tempera and oil paints containing these binders. To ass... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085764 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085763&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21057 AbstractBy investigating the identities, amounts, and distributions of the major components of human gallstones, the formation mechanism of calculi may be elucidated. Using FT‐IR specular reflection spectroscopy, the compositions of five common types of gallstones, including cholesterol calculus, bile pigment calculus, cholesterol‐bilirubin calculus, mixed calculus, and black stones, were positionally, qualitatively, and quantitatively analyzed. Several organic and inorganic substances were found in human gallstones, including cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and calcium stearate. Among them, cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate were the main components. The amounts of these substances varied in different types of gallstone. The distributions of ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085763 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085762&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21050 In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the CO2 laser should be selected in order to increase the enamel resistance to acid in pits and fissures. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085762 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085761&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21048 AbstractAn effective and stable bond is the most desirable characteristic of contemporary adhesive systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium oxalate on dentin/resin bond strength. Dentin on the occlusal surface of human premolars was exposed and etched with 35% phosphoric acid, to receive 3% monohydrated potassium oxalate and the following adhesive systems: Scotchbond Multipurpose (SMO; 3M/ESPE) and Prime & Bond NT (PBO; Dentsply), followed by the application of resin composite (Z250; 3M/ESPE). The control groups (SM and PB) did not receive potassium oxalate application. The prepared teeth were kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and 12 months. They were then cut longitudinally into sticks with a bond area of ∼0.8 mm2 for submission to the microtens... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085761 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085760&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21052 AbstractTo study the deleterious effects of ketamine and the potential interaction effects between ethanol and ketamine on the cerebellum, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tests were performed on the habitual ketamine users (n = 3) when they flexed and extended their upper limbs. Another fMRI test was performed on the same participants in which they consumed alcohol (12%, 200 mL) 1 h before the test. Downregulation on the activity of cerebellum was observed and the level of activation in the cerebellum decreased dramatically in habitual ketamine users with alcohol consumption before the test. Further studies were performed by using male ICR mice receiving treatment of ketamine only [30 mg kg−1 intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or ethanol only everyday (0.5 mL 12% orally) and those wi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085760 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085759&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21047 This study analyzed the histopathological and histochemical effects of different dosages of permethrin on liver and spleen cells of mice, in order to evaluate the toxic potential of this substance and the possible impairments that this chemical causes in different tissues of nontarget organisms (laboratorial conditions). The results showed that permethrin caused severe alterations in the liver cells, reducing the size of the nuclei and causing hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes, in addition to stimulating the proliferation of Kupffer cells, altered the amount of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and congested the hepatic capillaries. As for the spleen of the treated mice, no alterations were observed in the morphology in relation to t... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085759 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085758&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21046 In this study we thus introduced nearest neighbor analysis to quantify the spatial relations between two important proteins in neurons, the dopamine D1 receptor and Na+,K+‐ATPase. The analysis gave new information on how dense the D1 receptor and Na+,K+‐ATPase constituting nanoclusters are located both with respect to the homogenous (self to same) and the heterogeneous (same to other) topology. The STED dissected nanoscale topologies provide evidence for both a joint as well as a separated confinement of the D1 receptor and the Na+,K+‐ATPase in the postsynaptic areas of dendritic spines. This confined topology may have implications for generation of local sodium gradients and for structural and functional interactions modulating slow synaptic transmission processes. Microsc. Res. Tec... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085758 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5085758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049687&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21032 In this study, synergistic anticancer activity of curcumin and catechin was evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT 15, HCT 116, and human larynx carcinoma Hep G‐2 cell lines. Although, both curcumin or catechin inhibited the growth of above cell lines, interestingly, in combination of both these compounds highest level of growth control was observed. The anticancer activity shown is due to cytotoxicity, nuclear fragmentation as well as condensation, and DNA fragmentation associated with the appearance of apoptosis. These results suggest that curcumin and catechin in combination can inhibit the proliferation of HCT 15, HCT 116, as well as Hep G‐2 cells efficiently through induction of apoptosis. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049687 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 04:33:52 +0100 5049687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027548&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21039 In this study, two pairs of easily confused CMM dregs, Fenge (Puerariae Thomsonii Radix) and Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), which mostly comprise storage tissues, were investigated by comparing the morphological and microscopic characteristics. Fenge and Shanyao contain abundant starch granules. After decoction their dregs were hard, nonstarchy and horn‐like. Fully gelatinized starch granules were found in the powder of Fenge dregs while incompletely gelatinized starch granules were occasionally found in the Shanyao dregs. In contrast, Dihuang and Huangjing contain water‐soluble sugars. After decoction, their dregs were hard and brittle. Their parenchymatous cells were shrunken and unknown crystals were found under microscop... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027548 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027547&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21033 This study analyzed the newly formed bone tissue after application of recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2) and P‐1 (extracted from Hevea brasiliensis) proteins, 2 weeks after the creation of a critical bone defect in male Wistar rats treated or not with a low‐intensity laser (GaAlAs 780 nm, 60 mW of power, and energy density dose of 30 J/cm2). The animals were divided into two major groups: (1) bone defect plus low‐intensity laser treatment and (2) bone defect without laser irradiation. The following subgroups were also analyzed: (a) 5 μg of pure rhBMP‐2; (b) 5 μg of pure P‐1 fraction; (c) 5 μg of rhBMP‐2/monoolein gel; (d) 5 μg of P‐1 fraction/monoolein gel; (e) pure monoolein gel. Comparisons of the groups receiving laser treatment with those that did not receive laser... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027547 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027546&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21045 This study evaluated the influence of finishing and polishing procedures and different fluoride solutions on superficial morphology and chemistry of the nanofilled composite resin Supreme XT (3M) through the EDX analysis and SEM evaluation. Circular specimens (n = 30) of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were prepared, with half of the sample assays finished and polished with Super‐Snap® sandpaper. The experimental groups were divided according to the presence or absence of finishing and polishing and solutions (artificial saliva, 0.05% of manipulated sodium fluoride solution, Fluordent Reach, Oral B, Fluorgard). Specimens were immersed in each respective solution for 1 min per day, during 60 days and stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C between immersion periods. Topography and ch... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027546 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027545&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21044 AbstractForensic entomology is an area of science that serves as a tool in crime scene investigations. Usually, flies are the first insects to reach a carcass and can oviposit just a few hours after arrival. Therefore, the knowledge of immature stages is essential for correct identification of the species found on corpses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gives detailed information about morphological characters helping to identify the immature forms of flies. Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) is a very important fly for forensic entomology, because it has high population densities and is easily found in colonizing carcasses, moreover, it is also a possible causative agent for secondary myiasis. The aim of this study is to identify larvae and puparia of C. putoria using SEM. The first instar... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027545 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027544&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21043 AbstractFipronil, active ingredient of the acaricide Frontiline®, is a phenyl‐pyrazolic derivative, and its efficacy in the elimination of several plagues, even in low concentrations, has already been demonstrated; however, its effect on nontarget organisms has not been thoroughly explained. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dosages of fipronil on the liver of mice in artificial conditions. Results showed that the animals exposed to fipronil present significant ultrastrucutural changes in hepatic cells with evident cellular and cytoplasm disorganization in hepatocytes characterized by an increase in the number of organelles, mainly mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, organelles that, in the case of the exposed animals, were pro... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027544 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027543&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21042 AbstractElectron dense granules (EDGs) were identified by transmission electron microscopy in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites recovered from hamster liver lesions. Abundant granules were present in trophozoites recovered after 15 min of liver inoculation. Variation in the size and morphology of these EDGs was also observed. Numerous granules were present in the plasma membrane when these parasites were incubated for 5 min with MDCK monolayers. Release of these EDGs was suggested by the presence of granules in contact with the surface of the target cell plasma membrane. Parasite phagocytic invaginations were observed after 10 min of parasite‐monolayer interaction. In these structures, scarce granules were seen. Granules secretion was corroborated by obtaining of a pellet of these small... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027543 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027542&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21041 AbstractThe subcellular behavior of aluminum and indium, used in medical and industrial fields, was studied in the gastric mucosa and the liver after their intragastric administration to rats, using, two of the most sensitive methods of observation and microanalysis, the transmission electron microscopy, and the secondary ion mass spectrometry. The ultrastructural study showed the presence of electron dense deposits, in the lysosomes of parietal and principal gastric mucosa cells but no loaded lysosomes were observed in the different studied hepatic territories. The microanalytical study allowed the identification of the chemical species present in those deposits as aluminum or indium isotopes and the cartography of their distribution. No modification was observed in control rats tissues. ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027542 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027541&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21037 Conclusion: Using this experimental animal model, more new bone tissue was found when it was inserted the rhBMP‐2, especially when this protein was combined to the vehicle, and this process seems to be dose dependent. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011.© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027541 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027540&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21040 In this study, we start addressing the following question: is the seasonally dependent ovary stage a factor to consider when using kidney Macs as biomarkers? To tackle this problem, the relative amount of pigmented Macs in kidney (head, trunk, and tail portions) was stereologically estimated in Ohrid trout, and related with the breeding status. The amount of Macs significantly increased from pre vitellogenesis to late vitellogenesis and showed a decreasing trend then after, with lower values noted after spawning in the head (1.9% versus 7.5% versus 2.0%), trunk (1.8% versus 7.5% versus 2.5%), and tail (2.5% versus 6.7% versus 2.9%) kidney. The decrease seen at spawning was significant in head and trunk kidney, and at post spawning it was significant for all kidney portions. The amounts of ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027540 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027539&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21038 AbstractA software package for computing radial distribution functions and other pair correlation functions from electron diffraction patterns of disordered solids is presented. The package, called RDFTools, is freely available via the internet and allows rapid in situ measurements of such quantities as interatomic nearest neighbor distances, average bond angles and coordination numbers. The software runs under DigitalMicrograph™ (Pleasanton, California, Gatan), a very widely used program in transmission electron microscopy. All implemented algorithms have been designed to compute diffraction integrals and data‐processing averages in a fast and efficient manner to enable quick processing of publication ready, quantitative pair distribution function information. In the development of RD... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027539 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027538&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21036 AbstractTaking poly(lactic acid) microbubbles and purple membranes as examples, a general in situ observation and relocation method of nanomaterial samples based on microscope systems was reported. First, a four‐grade coordinate with different precisions was marked around a substrate by UV lithography. Second, using optical microscope and scanning probe microscope, special positions of poly(lactic acid) microbubbles and purple membranes were observed, respectively. Third, the four‐grade coordinate value corresponded to the special sample position, and the distance between the special position and coordinate edge were recorded, respectively. Finally, the special position can be easily found again, or the sample in the special position can be manipulated and secondary processed based on ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027538 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027537&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21035 In conclusion, bone neoformation can be expected even in bones compromised by estrogen deficiency, but the quantity and velocity of bone formation are lower. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027537 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027536&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21034 In conclusion, temperature rise and morphological alterations are directly related to frequency increment in both demineralized and sound dentin. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027536 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5027535&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21031 AbstractA pre‐cryogenic holder (cryo‐holder) facilitating cryo‐specimen observation under a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described. This cryo‐holder includes a specimen‐holding unit (the stub) and a cryogenic energy‐storing unit (a composite of three cylinders assembled with a screw). After cooling, the cryo‐holder can continue supplying cryogenic energy to extend the observation time for the specimen in a conventional SEM. Moreover, the cryogenic energy‐storing unit could retain appropriate liquid nitrogen that can evaporate to prevent frost deposition on the surface of the specimen. This device is proved feasible for various tissues and cells, and can be applied to the fields of both biology and material science. We have employed this novel cryo‐ho... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5027535 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5027535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968144&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21051 (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968144 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 19:38:16 +0100 4968144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933495&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21030 In this study, bacteriophage‐gold nanoparticle hybrids were chosen as a model to systematically study the effects of each factor on the negative staining of the nanohybrids. The best staining conditions for gold nanoparticle‐phage nanohybrids were obtained and the effects of each factor on the negative staining of general nanohybrids were discussed. This work indicates that with proper staining it is possible to use TEM to visualize directly both biological and inorganic components without introducing any artifact. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933495 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933494&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21029 In this study, the occurrence of TRPV4 was addressed in the zebrafish sensory organs at the mRNA (RT‐PCR) and protein (Westernblot) levels. Once the occurrence of TRPV4 was demonstrated, the TRPV4 positive cells were identified by using immunohistochemistry. TPRV4 was detected in mantle and sensory cells of neuromasts, in a subpopulation of hair sensory cells in the macula and in the cristae ampullaris of the inner ear, in sensory cells in the taste buds, in crypt neurons and ciliated sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, and in cells of the retina. These results demonstrate the presence of TRPV4 in all sensory organs of adult zebrafish and are consistent with the multiple physiological functions suspected for TRPV4 in mammals (mechanosensation, hearing, and temperature sensing), ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933494 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933493&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21028 This study is based on Nothobranchius furzeri, a teleost fish that is becoming an ideal candidate as animal model for aging studies because its life expectancy in captivity is of just 3 months. In adult N. furzeri, all three investigated neurotrophin Trk receptors were immunohistochemically detected in each brain region. TrkA positive neuronal perikarya were localized in the dorsal and ventral areas of the telencephalon and in the cortical nucleus; TrkB immunoreactivity was observed in neuronal perikarya of the dorsal and ventral areas of the telencephalon, the diffuse inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, and Purkinje cells; TrkC positive neuronal perikarya were detected in the most aboral region of the telencephalon, in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and in few neurons dispersed in the ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933493 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933492&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21026 We report the use of superresolution fluorescence microscopy for studying the nanoscale distribution of protein colocalization in living mammalian cells. Nanoscale imaging is attained both by a targeted and a stochastic fluorescence on‐off switching superresolution method, namely by stimulated emission depletion (STED) and ground state depletion microscopy followed by individual molecular return (GSDIM), respectively. Analysis of protein colocalization is performed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Specifically, a nonfluorescent fragment of the yellow fluorescent protein Citrine is fused to tubulin while a counterpart nonfluorescent fragment is fused to the microtubulin‐associated protein MAP2 such that fluorescence is reconstituted on contact of the fragment‐carryi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933492 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933491&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21021 AbstractRoot canal preparation may damage NiTi instruments resulting in wear and deformation. The aim of this study was to make a comparative evaluation of the surface topography of the cervical third of four different rotary systems, before and after being used twelve times, in 1.440 resin blocks with simulated root canals with standardized 45° curvatures, and analyzed by atomic force microscopy – AFM. The blocks were divided into four groups and prepared according to the manufacturers recommendations: Group 1 ‐ K3®; Group 2 ‐ Protaper Universal®; Group 3 ‐ Twisted Files® and Group 4 ‐ Biorace®. After each preparation, the instruments were washed and autoclaved. A total of 240 instruments were selected, being 30 new instruments and 30 after having been used f... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933491 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871675&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21019 CONCLUSION:Alveolex has increased the bone repair in calvaria defects of rats when associated to rhBMP‐2, however without significant differences for rhBMP‐2 isolated group; Alveolex isolated group showed the lowest levels of newly formed bone with no significant differences to coagulum group (control). Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871675 Sat, 28 May 2011 01:44:37 +0100 4871675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871683&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21025 AbstractA novel image analysis technique was proposed for microstructure investigation of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. The rotational polarization microscopy was developed to meet the special imaging requirements. The samples of C/C composites were observed in reflection polarized light microscope, where the analyzer was rotated instead of the stage, and the polarizer was taken out. The bireflectance of like‐graphite negative uniaxial crystal was analyzed. It was the theoretic foundation of image collection and data processing. The analyzer was rotated through 36 × 10° intervals without any movement of the specimen. The polished cross‐section of C/C composites took micrographs at each analyzer orientation. All image data collected from the same field of view were processed by imag... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871683 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871682&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21020 Conclusions: Except for chlorhexidine group, bacterial growth was observed in all groups evaluated irrespective local of obtaining. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871682 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871681&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21018 AbstractIn the present study, mice livers were examined following exposure to different doses of fipronil (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Histological and histochemical techniques were used to determine the cytotoxic potential of this compound and to assess the damage it caused to livers. Mice were divided into four groups: control group and groups I, II, and III were exposed to 15, 25, and 50 mg/kg fipronil, respectively. Our findings revealed cytological, morphohistological, and histochemical alterations in liver cells of animals from groups I, II, and III compared to group control animals. These changes included Kupffer‐cell proliferation, hepatocyte hypertrophy, accumulation and distribution of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and congestion of... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871681 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871680&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21024 AbstractLight and polarized microscope was applied to authenticate 32 Cordyceps and 6 artificial counterfeits and 8 fermented Cordyceps as well as 7 Cordyceps capsules available in Hong Kong markets. Results showed that transverse sections of stroma and powder of larvae can be used to differentiate C. sinensis from its counterfeits. The fermented Cordyceps are in powder form. Among the eight fermented Cordyceps collected, half of them were pure; three were a mixture of fermented Cordyceps and soya beans; one was a mixture of unknown plant tissues and soya beans. For the seven Cordyceps capsules, the powders of five samples were a mixture of fermented Cordyceps and soya beans; the powders of other two were a mixture of C. sinensis stroma powder and fermented Cordyceps. The study indicated t... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871680 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871679&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21023 The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the stromal microenvironment in the ventral prostate lobe of rats submitted to chronic nicotine administration. Twenty rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups: 10 animals received subcutaneous nicotine and 10 animals received physiological saline by the same route. After treatment, samples were collected from the ventral prostate lobe, processed and submitted to histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructural analysis by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The level of circulating testosterone was also analyzed. The results showed a significant increase in the density of type I collagen (56.3% to 85.9%, P < 0.01) and a decrease in the density of type III collagen (43.7% to 14.1%, P < 0.01). In addit... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871679 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871678&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21017 AbstractConfocal laser scanning microscopy has become a most powerful tool to visualize and analyze the dynamic behavior of cellular molecules. Photobleaching of fluorochromes is a major problem with confocal image acquisition that will lead to intensity attenuation. Photobleaching effect can be reduced by optimizing the collection efficiency of the confocal image by fast z‐scanning. However, such images suffer from distortions, particularly in the z dimension, which causes disparities in the x, y, and z directions of the voxels with the original image stacks. As a result, reliable segmentation and feature extraction of these images may be difficult or even impossible. Image interpolation is especially needed for the correction of undersampling artifact in the axial plane of three‐dime... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871678 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871677&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21016 AbstractApanteles cypris is an endoparasitoid of rice pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. To better understand its host location mechanism, we examined the external morphology of antennal sensilla of A. cypris via scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of male and female A. cypris were filiform in shape, which consist of scape, pedicel, and flagellum with 18 antennomeres. Eleven types of sensilla were recorded in both sexes, including two types of chaetica sensilla, trichodea sensilla without pore, basiconica sensilla I with a tip pore, basiconica sensilla II with wall pores, basiconica sensilla III with a mastoid at the tip, coeloconica sensilla with apparent fingerlike projections, campaniform sensilla with a sprout tip pore, clavatea sensilla, smell pore, and placodea sensilla (PLA) with... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871677 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4871676&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21015 AbstractDual‐color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is an interesting method to quantify protein interaction in living cells. But, when performing these experiments, one must compensate for a known spectral bleed through artifact that corrupts cross‐correlation data. In this article, problems with crosstalk were overcome with an approach based on fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS). We show that FLCS applied to dual‐color EGFP and mCherry cross‐correlation allows the determination of protein–protein interactions in living cells without the need of spectral bleed through calibration. The methodology was validated by using EGFP‐mCherry tandem in comparison with coexpressed EGFP and mCherry in live cell. The dual‐color FLCS experimental procedure where the... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4871676 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4871676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812806&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21014 AbstractDifferent doses of ketamine (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg) were injected i.p. (I.P.), respectively, to male ICR mice to determine the optimal dosage for chronic administration. At and above 40 mg/kg I.P. injection, mice had almost no hindlimb movement during swimming test. Subsequently, 30 mg/kg was used as the dose for the study in the toxicity of long‐term ketamine administration on urinary bladder and sperm motility. The treatment group were subdivided into two (n = 10 each group); one received daily ketamine treatment i.p. for 3 months and another group for 6 months. Corresponding number of mice in control groups (n = 5 each group) received saline injection instead of ketamine. Terminal dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) study and Sirius red stai... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812806 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812805&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21013 AbstractThe morphological similarities among the species of Solanum are remarkable, and are often very difficult one clear distinction between them. This paper presents a comparative anatomical study of the leaf epidermis of five Brazilian species of Solanum sect. Polytrichum, carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf epidermis surfaces were investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance to be used for separation and delimitation of the species of the section. As results, some micro‐morphological characters of the leaf epidermis, such as density, distribution and type of stellate trichomes, and the anticlinal walls of epidermal cells, and also the type and distribution of stomata proved to be the most useful and distinctive characters for the separation an... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812805 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812804&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21010 Abstract3D surface profiling and high resolution imaging were performed to refine the Florin rings and epicuticular wax crystals of Pinus koraiensis needles. Needles were collected from four‐year‐old seedlings and air‐dried for surface observations. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that stomata were found on the abaxial (lower) surface of needles. Measured as ca. 40 μm long, they were largely elliptical or oval‐shaped. Epicuticular wax crystals were present in the epistomatal chambers as well as on the surrounding epidermis. Rodlets were prevalently found on the stomatal bands and furrows as well as within the epistomatal chambers. The presence of wax tubules was ascertained by the distinct terminal openings at their ends. The occurrence of wax ridges was evide... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812804 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812803&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21012 AbstractT cell activation is the result of direct cell‐cell contact between T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), and of interactions between membrane‐bound ligands and receptors at the contact interface, the “immunological synapse.” Model APCs based upon supported fluid lipid bilayers have been used to dissect these complex molecular interactions and to facilitate real‐time microscopic observations. Nearly all studies have used liposome fusion‐based methods to make supported bilayers, and the biophysical properties of these membranes were not characterized in detail. Here, using both Langmuir‐Blodgett and liposome fusion techniques, we explored five different methods of lipid bilayer preparation on glass, mica, or dextran cushion substrates and characterized the stabi... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812803 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812802&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21011 AbstractThe implication of galactosides and other glycoconjugates on spermatogenesis has been previously reported. Glycans show such a complex structure that it makes them very difficult to analyze. Lectin histochemistry is a helpful tool for the study of glycan composition. Lectin histochemistry can be combined with deglycosylation pretreatments to explore the glycan type to which carbohydrates are linked. The aim of the present work was the localization of galactose (Gal)‐containing glycoconjugates in the testis of Xenopus laevis, a species widely used in cell, molecular and developmental biology. Gal specific lectins BPL, PNA, BSI‐B4, MAA‐I, and RCA‐I, were used in combination with deglycosylation procedures. Except for BPL, all the lectins were reactive for several testicular t... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812802 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812800&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21009 CONCLUSIONS: The proper concentration of Zn increased the ALP activity of osteoblasts after five and seven days of incubation. The present XRF and EDX data suggest that the increase of mineral deposition with Zn exposure for one to five days might be mediated by the activation of ALP and calcium‐binding proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812800 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812799&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21008 AbstractThe fine structure of submandibular glands of mouse were analyzed using light microscopy (LM), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. For LM, the specimens were embedded in Spurr resin, stained by toluidin blue solutions. For TEM, the tissues of submandibular salivary glands were fixed with modified Karnovsky solution and postfixed with osmium tetroxide. For HRSEM, the tissues were fixed with 2% osmium tetroxide solution in 1/15M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The samples were immersed successively in dymethylsulphoxide and freeze cracked. The maceration was made in diluted osmium tetroxide for 24–48 h. The samples were examined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The intracellular components of ac... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812799 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812798&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21007 AbstractAlready parasitized hosts are often of poorer quality than healthy hosts. It is therefore usually advantageous for parasitoid females to recognize and reject them. Parasitized hosts can be identified on the basis of various physical or chemical marks present on the surface or inside the hosts or their surroundings in the case of concealed host. Here we studied host discrimination behaviors of females of a certain population of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, a solitary ectoparasitoid, which are known to reject large‐sized parasitized hosts after an abdominal examination of their surface. We first investigated females' recognition behaviors of host parasitism status when confronted to small‐sized hosts (Drosophila melanogaster pupae) as host size may influence the use of different c... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812798 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812797&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21006 AbstractApoptosis and autophagy are the two major types of programmed cell death (PCD) in neurons. Homeostatic autophagy often precedes apoptosis, and when apoptosis is blocked, the failure to keep homeostasis will lead to necrosis instead. It has been reported that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected methamphetamine (Meth) abusers represent greater neuropathological abnormalities than Meth abusers or HIV‐positive non‐Meth users. Recent publications suggest that Tat and Meth when administered together result in greater neuronal damage than when administered separately. However, the cellular events of the combined Tat‐Meth effect have not yet been fully characterized. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Tat and/or Meth on apoptosis and autophagy to elucidate whether PCD ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812797 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812796&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20993 AbstractA considerable amount of image processing techniques known as inpainting techniques have been recently developed aiming to provide solutions for filling in missing or damaged regions in a digital image. Typical such techniques reconstruct a defined area by using information from its neighborhood, for example, by completing inside the missing region the isophote lines arriving at its boundaries. In this article, we show that inpainting techniques have considerable potential usefulness in microscopy imaging, even though experimenting and using them in this domain has been almost entirely neglected up until now. In this purpose, we experiment the “curvature‐preserving” partial differential equations as a solution to inpainting regions in images collected by several optical and s... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812796 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812794&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20996 AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to describe roughness and gloss alterations of enamel after treatment with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and after polishing with 2% neutral sodium fluoride (SF) or a dental tooth paste containing nanohydroxiapatite particles (nHA) using power spectral density (PSD) description, roughness parameters (Ra, RMS, and Z range) and gloss analysis.Methods:An atomic force microscope (AFM) and a spectrophotometer were used to analyze eighteen specimens of upper incisors. After initial analyses, all specimens were bleached with 38% HP for 135 min. The specimens were analyzed after bleaching. Nine specimens were polished with SF (Group Fluor) and the other nine specimens were polished with nHA (Group nHA), then all specimens were analyzed after polishing. Rou... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812794 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775112&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21004 Conclusions: Results of morphometric and statistical analysis pointed to the conclusion that there is significant increase of sciatic nerve perineurial thickness during the aging process. This increase might represent the consequence of perineurial collagen type IV deposition with aging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775112 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767730&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20997 AbstractIn this paper, a scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) technique has been developed for evaluating the aggregation structure of amphiphilic fluorinated ABC‐type triblock copolymers MeOPEO16‐PSt220‐PFHEA22 in mixed solvents with different polarities. The polarities of mixed solvents can be tuned by changing volume ratios of toluene, anhydrous ethanol, and distilled water, which leads to the changes in morphology and size of self‐assembled colloidal particles of the copolymers in the system. The aggregation behaviors of the copolymers are revealed by SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and corresponding SEM‐EDS techniques. The variations in concentrations of O and F elements over the thickness of copolymers particles give direct ... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767730 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 14:11:27 +0100 4767730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767737&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21022 AbstractThe reversible adsorption and desorption of ethanol vapor on mica surface at ambient temperature were investigated in situ with time‐evolution by Vibrating Scanning Polarization Force Microscopy (VSPFM). At temperature 20°C and relative humidity 20%, ethanol vapor condensed and formed clusters on the freshly cleaved mica. These clusters expanded to a network structure and later formed a full film shown by continuous VSPFM imaging. The film broke into pieces and desorbed completely if in unsaturated condition. The film showed different apparent heights when different biases were used in VSPFM study, indicated polarized orientation of the ethanol molecules on the mica surface. It is a process of hours for the clusters or network structures to form a film on mica, which demonstrate... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767737 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767736&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21005 AbstractThe assembly modes of dragonfly wings are observed through FEG‐ESEM. Different from airplane wings, dragonfly wings are found to be assembled through smooth transition mode and global package mode. First, at the vein/membrane conjunctive site, the membrane is divided into upper and lower portions from the center layer and transited smoothly to the vein. Then the two portions pack the vein around and form the outer surface of the vein. Second, at the vein/spike conjunctive site, the vein and spike are connected smoothly into a triplet. Last, at the vein/membrane/spike conjunctive site, the membrane (i.e., the outer layer of the vein) transits smoothly to the spike, packs it around, and forms its outer layer. In short, the membrane looks like a closed coat packing the wing as a who... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767736 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767735&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21003 AbstractThe structural, physical, and chemical properties of hair taken from an ovarian teratoma (teratoma hair) was first examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The similarities and differences between the teratoma hair and scalp hair were also investigated. Teratoma hair showed a similar morphology and chemical composition to scalp hair. Teratoma hair was covered with a cuticle in the same manner as scalp hair and showed the same amide bonding modes as scalp hair according to FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy. On the other hand, teratoma hair showed different physical properties and cysteic acid bands from scalp hair: the surface was rougher and the adhesive force was lower than the scalp hair. The cystine oxides modes did no... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767735 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767734&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21001 In this study, we compared the usefulness of four hydrophobic and three hydrophilic ILs for SEM to observe fixed cultured human A549 cells. All ILs worked well to prevent “charge‐up” effect for SEM observation. However, the hydrophilic ILs tended to provide clearer images than the hydrophobic ILs. We concluded that various ILs can be used for SEM sample preparation and their application to a wide range of fields is anticipated in future. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767734 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767733&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.21000 AbstractNitric oxide (NO), synthesized by the hemoproteins NO synthases (NOS), is known to play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions in the heart, including hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). This work investigates the role that endogenous NO plays in the cardiac H/R‐induced injury. A follow‐up study was conducted in Wistar rats subjected to 30 min of hypoxia, with or without prior treatment using the nonselective NOS inhibitor L‐NAME (1.5 mM). The rats were studied at 0 h, 12 h, and 5 days of reoxygenation, analysing parameters of cell, and tissue damage (lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and protein nitration), as well as in situ NOS activity and NO production (NOx). The results showed that after L‐NAME administration, in situ NOS activity was almost completely eli... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767733 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767732&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20999 AbstractMorphology, etching patterns, surface modification, and characterization of 2 different fiber posts: Gfp, Glass fiber post; and Cfp, carbon fiber were investigated by SEM analysis, after different surface treatments. Thirty fiber posts, being 15 Gfp and 15 Cfp were divided into a 5 surface treatments (n = 3): C‐alcohol 70% (control); HF 4%‐immersion in 4% hydrofluoric acid for 1min; H3PO4 37%‐immersion in 37% phosphoric acid for 30s; H2O2 10%‐immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide for 20 min; H2O2 24%‐immersion in 24% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min. Morphology, etching patterns, surface modification and surface characterization were acessed by SEM analysis. SEM evaluation revealed that the post surface morphology was modified following all treatment when compared with a control... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767732 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4767731&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20998 This study evaluated and compared in vitro the morphology and mineral composition of dental enamel after erosive challenge in gastric juice and orange juice. Human enamel specimens were submitted to erosive challenge using gastric juice (from endoscopy exam) (n = 10), and orange juice (commercially‐available) (n = 10), as follows: 5 min in 3 mL of demineralization solution, rinse with distilled water, and store in artificial saliva for 3 h. This cycle was repeated four times a day for 14 days. Calcium (Ca) loss after acid exposure was determined by atomic emission spectroscopy. The presence of carbonate (CO) and phosphate (PO) in the specimens was evaluated before and after the erosive challenge by FT‐Raman spectroscopy. Data were tested using t‐tests (P < 0.05). Morphology of ena... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4767731 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4767731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733496&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20990 AbstractAedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue world wide and a major vector of urban yellow fever. Despite its epidemiological importance, not much is known regarding cellular and structural changes in the fat body in this mosquito. Here, we applied light and transmission electron microscopies to investigate structural changes in the fat body of three groups of A. aegypti females: newly emerged, 18‐day‐old sugar‐fed, and 18‐day‐old blood‐fed. The fat body consists of a layer of cells attached to the abdomen integument, formed by trophocytes and oenocytes. Trophocytes are strongly positive for carbohydrates, while oenocytes are strongly positive for proteins and lipids. Ultrastructural analyses of trophocytes from newly emerged and 18‐day‐old blood‐fed indicate t... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733496 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 16:06:18 +0100 4733496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733499&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20991 In conclusion, diabetes diminishes, but does not abolish, prostate growth during puberty. Even late insulin administration reduces the adverse effects of this disease on the prostate. In a scenario with both low insulin and T levels, DHT and other factors may play an important role in pubertal prostate growth. The adverse effects of diabetes on the rat prostate show a variation in lobe response, suggesting that diabetes may affect human prostate zones differently. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique) Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733499 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733498&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20986 AbstractThe present communication reports the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of a fish species Cyprinus carpio inhabiting a polluted lake, Umiam in North‐East India. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed absence of differentiation between head and midpiece (neck) of some sperm while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed some sperm tails with highly reduced length and some sperm with folded tail. Abnormal shape of some sperm head was also revealed by Scanning electron microscopy. Detachment of membrane from some parts of the sperm head and an outward expansion of the same was observed from Transmission electron micrographs of transverse section of sperm head. The well developed mitochondria surrounding the cytoplasmic channel in the sperm tail, as observed in contro... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733498 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733497&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20983 AbstractFruits from many citrus cultivars develop depressed areas in the flavedo (outer part of the peel) and albedo (inner part) following detachment. Although ultrastructural analysis may provide important information about multiple plant responses to stresses and external stimuli at the cell and tissue levels, and despite the proved efficacy of ethylene in reducing peel damage in citrus fruit, cytological responses of this horticultural crop to protective ethylene concentrations have not yet been reported. We show that applying high ethylene levels (2 μL L−1 for 14 days) causes sublethal stress as it favored the alteration of cuticle, vacuole, middle lamella and primary wall, especially in the albedo cells, but reduced peel collapse in detached mature “Navelate” oranges (C. sinen... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733497 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4733497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4704324&cid=s_33602_166_f&fid=33602&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjemt.20994 AbstractA large‐sample atomic force microscope (AFM) that allows high resolution observation in both air and liquid has been developed. With a unique beam tracking method, laser beam is capable of reflecting off the same spot on the AFM cantilever throughout raster scan over the entire scan area, either operating in air or in liquid environment. Incorporating the stand‐alone AFM probe unit with an automated large sample stage, wide‐scan‐range imaging can be realized with high resolution and slight distortion. In addition, an image stitching method is utilized to build a broad merged image with range up to millimeters while keeping nanometer order resolution. By using a large‐volume liquid bath, large and massive sample can be observed in liquid with this AFM system. Several typic... Microscopy Research and Technique journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4704324 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4704324