MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Molecular Nutrition' source. Tue, 08 Mar 2011 16:23:33 +0100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000481 Conclusion: MSC might contribute to the potent anti‐inflammatory effect in LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 cells via downregulation of NF‐κB activation and iNOS expression, suggesting that MSC may be considered as a therapeutic candidate for chronic inflammatory diseases. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319906 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4319906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000352 Conclusion: The observation that GLs are genotoxic demands follow‐up studies on possible genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of these common food compounds in animal models and humans. Our study may be used to prioritize the congeners in further studies. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319905 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4319905 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000292 Conclusion: Capsaicin inhibited the EGF‐induced invasion and migration of human fibrosarcoma cells via EGFR‐dependent FAK/Akt, PKC/Raf/ERK, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AP‐1 signaling, leading to the down‐regulation of MMP‐9 expression. These results indicate the role of capsaicin as a potent anti‐metastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of fibrosarcoma cells. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319904 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4319904 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900593 Conclusions: BCAP (2-50 mg/day) could prevent osteoporosis caused by bone loss in OVX rats. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3796951 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3796951 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000024 Conclusion: Our results indicate that treatment with a combination of TRAIL and naringenin may be a safe strategy for treatment of resistant NSCLC. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3796950 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3796950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000165 Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic activity of TF-2 may be exploited therapeutically in cancer and other diseases associated with inflammation. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3796949 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3796949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000178 Unlike traditional "wet" analytical methods which during processing for analysis often result in destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures, advanced synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy has been developed as a rapid and nondestructive and bioanalytical technique. This cutting-edge synchrotron-based bioanalytical technology, taking advantages of synchrotron light brightness (million times brighter than sun), is capable of exploring the molecular chemistry or structure of a biological tissue without destruction inherent structures at ultra-spatial resolutions. In this article, a novel approach is introduced to show the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based analytical technology, which can be used to study plant-based food or feed ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3782298 Thu, 22 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3782298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000190 Scope: Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), associated with HDL, is regarded as anti-atherogenic, attributed to its ability to hydrolyze oxidized lipids. Here, the impact of PON and apolipoprotein E genotypes, age, alcohol and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) on PON activity is examined. Methods and results: In total, 104 healthy UK adults participated in the study, with basal (PONA) and stimulated (PONB) PON-1 activities and arylesterase activity determined in these individuals. In univariate and correlation analysis age, HDL-C, alcohol intake and both PON genotypes were significantly associated with PONA and PONB activities (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3782297 Thu, 22 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3782297 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900606 Phytate (inositol hexa-phosphate or IP6) possessing anticancer activity is hydrolyzed by phytase in intestinal microbes and the metabolites are distributed throughout the colon. Cellular circumferential F-actin rings, which are involved in cell polarity and structure, are lost early during tumorigenesis. We investigated F-actin ring formation by the phytate hydrolysate in colorectal cancer HT-29 cells to explore the novel mechanisms underlying the phytate-mediated anticancer function. The phytate hydrolysate, but not inositol or phytate, induced F-actin ring formation with a peak at 10 min in the cells and was associated with phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. F-actin ring formation and myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation by the phytate hydrolysate were suppressed ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3745328 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3745328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900607 Conclusion: Our results indicate new targets that may be important in the mechanisms of the anticancer effects of PEITC. Of particular significance was the down-regulation of NNMT which may represent a new target for the treatment of a variety of cancers. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3745327 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3745327 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000148 Conclusion: This study demonstrates that glabridin may be a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of breast cancer in three different ways: inhibition of migration, invasion and angiogenesis. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3745326 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3745326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900577 Conclusion: Thymol triggers suicidal DC death, an effect mediated by and requiring activation of ASM. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728245 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728245 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000011 Conclusion: Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are considerably more stable towards digestion than Ara h 1 and Ara h 3. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728244 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000045 Conclusion: Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti-diabetic nutraceutical. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728243 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728243 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000067 Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate that PT causes autophagy in cancer cells and suggests that PT could serve as a new and promising agent for the treatment of sensitive and chemoresistant bladder cancer cells. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728242 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000105 Conclusion: Since elevated ODC enzyme activity is associated with enhanced tumor development, SFN may be a dietary phytochemical with potential to prevent carcinogenesis. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3728241 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3728241 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000048 Conclusion: The oxidation of DNA, lipids and proteins associated with the incidence of various diseases and the protection against their oxidative damage may be indicative for beneficial health effects of coffee. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3712357 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3712357 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000147 Conclusion: The results emphasize that both original constituents and roast products contribute to the cellular antioxidant effectiveness of coffee. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3712356 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3712356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000078 Conclusion: Methodologically, molecular nutrition research is bound to a microreductive research approach. We emphasize, however, that it need not be a radical microreductionism whose scientific reputation is not the best. Instead we favor moderate microreductionism, which combines reduction with integration. As mechanismic explanations are one of the primary aims of factual sciences, we consider it as the task of molecular nutrition research to find profound, i.e. molecular-mechanismic, explanations for the conditions, characteristics and changes of organisms related to the organism-nutrition environment interaction. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3681905 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3681905 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900535 Conclusion: Our study shows that CJC significantly decreases nanoscale adhesion forces between P-fimbriated E. coli and uroepithelial cells. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3681909 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3681909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000006 Conclusion: In conclusion, novel-processing techniques had little effect on purified allergen structure. Further studies will demonstrate if these stability properties are retained in foodmatrices. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3681908 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3681908 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000103 Conclusion: In conclusion, t10, c12-CLA inhibits myogenic differentiation and GLUT4 expression, independently from NF-kB activation. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3681907 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3681907 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000136 Conclusion: Our results confirmed a clear dose-dependent stimulation of saccharolytic fermentation. Importantly, a significant decrease in toxic protein fermentation metabolites such as sulphides attended these effects. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3681906 Sun, 20 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3681906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000121 Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long-chain phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short-chain phthalates such as di-n-butyl-phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medicati... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669024 Thu, 17 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3669024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000005 In conclusion, kaempferol inhibits human osteosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669028 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3669028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000019 The effect of polyphenols, phenolic acids and tannins (PPTs) from strawberry and apple on uptake and apical to basolateral transport of glucose was investigated using Caco-2 intestinal cell monolayers. Substantial inhibition on both uptake and transport was observed by extracts from both strawberry and apple. Using sodium-containing (glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 both active) and sodium-free (only GLUT2 active) conditions, we show that the inhibition of GLUT2 was greater than that of SGLT1. The extracts were analyzed and some of the constituent PPTs were also tested. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (IC50=31 [mu]M), phloridzin (IC50=146 [mu]M), and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (IC50=2570 [mu]M) contributed 26, 52 and 12%, respectively, to the inhibitory activity of the apple extract, whereas pelar... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669027 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3669027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000086 Conclusion: In conclusion, changes in the levels of proteins from intermediary metabolism or their encoding mRNAs are linked to flavone-induced apoptosis and the prevention of microadenoma formation in transformed colonocytes of mice. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669026 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3669026 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000096 Conclusion: These results indicate that GA can induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase via Chk2-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C in a bladder transitional carcinoma cell line. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669025 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3669025 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900390 Conclusions with respect to health protective effects of WT and GT on the basis of these biomarkers can, thus, not be drawn. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650639 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650639 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900504 In conclusion, we suggest that plant-derived polyphenols might offer therapeutic opportunities to delay the progression of AGE-mediated and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts-mediated neuro-inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer's disease. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650638 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900580 Conclusion: Non extractable polyphenols are the major part of dietary polyphenols. The knowledge of intakes and physiological properties of NEPP may be useful for a better understanding of the potential health effects of dietary PP. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650637 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650637 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900609 In this study, we determined the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues in diabetic obese KK-Ay mice, and identified the active substance in fenugreek. Treatment of KK-Ay mice with a high fat diet supplemented with 2% fenugreek ameliorated diabetes. Moreover, fenugreek miniaturized the adipocytes and increased the mRNA expression levels of differentiation-related genes in adipose tissues. Fenugreek also inhibited macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues and decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory genes. In addition, we identified diosgenin, a major aglycone of saponins in fenugreek to promote adipocyte differentiation and to inhibit expressions of several molecular candidates associated with inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells. These results su... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650636 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000021 Conclusion: Bioactive peptides from pea protein could be applied as functional ingredients for protecting infants and children against infections such as H. pylori. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650635 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000025 The relationship between n-3 PUFA and metabolic syndrome (MS) is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between plasma phospholipids (PL) n-3 PUFA and MS in Chinese subjects. Nine hundred and twenty-nine subjects were recruited in Hangzhou, China. Two hundred and ten (183 males, 27 females) with MS and 719 (545 males, 174 females) healthy subjects were identified in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of MS in females (24.56%) was significantly higher than that in males (10.04%) in this population. Total PUFA (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650634 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000064 Conclusion: Although statistically significant effects were only seen at the 2 mg/kg b.w. dose during the course of our study, a [sim]two and [sim]threefold increase in 5-bromo-2[prime]-deoxyuridine labeling index was observed at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg b.w., respectively, suggesting that chronic exposure to doses even below 2 mg/kg b.w. may cause proliferative changes in rat liver and highlighting the need to assess furan carcinogenicity at lower doses. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650633 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3650633 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900392 Resveratrol, which is highly concentrated in the skin of grapes and is abundant in red wine, has been demonstrated to account for several beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Taxol is a microtubule-stabilizing drug that has been extensively used as effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we investigated whether the combination of the two compounds would yield increased antitumor efficacy in human cancer cells. Unexpectedly, resveratrol effectively prevented tumor cell death induced by taxol in 5637 bladder cancer cells. This pronounced antagonistic function of resveratrol against taxol was associated with changes in multiple signal transduction pathways, but not with tubulin polymerization. ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623527 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623527 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900483 This study explored the association between exposure of fumonisins from maize and growth retardation among infants in Tanzania. Mothers of 215 infants consented for their children to participate in this study. We estimated maize intake for each child by twice conducting a 24 h dietary recall and fumonisins level in the maize, using HPLC. Fumonisins exposure for each child was estimated by combining his/her maize intake and the fumonisins level in the maize. Of the infants, 191 consumed maize. The maize consumed by 131 infants contained fumonisins at levels varying from 21 to 3201 [mu]g/kg. Fumonisins exposure in 26 infants exceeded the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 [mu]g/kg body weight. At 12 months of age, infants exposed to fumonisins intakes above the provisional maxim... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623526 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623526 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900563 The determination of specific marker proteins is important in the prevention of infections and transmission of disease. Several diagnostic assays have been developed but these are mostly restricted to the detection of single antigens. Thus there is a need for multiplex detection assays for the simultaneous analysis of several disease indicators. Consumer protection against the transmission of prion diseases is ensured by the removal of specified risk material from cattle meat during slaughtering and this is regulated by law. The investigation reported here describes a one-step determination on immunoblots of the simultaneous detection of two indicator proteins, neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in tissues of the central nervous system. Although the two proteins r... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623525 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900564 Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenic acid with many biological functions naturally existing in many kinds of food. To investigate whether UA can accelerate lipolysis, primary-cultured rat adipocytes were treated with UA, and glycerol release in the culture medium was measured. UA stimulated lipolysis significantly. Furthermore, the lipolytic effect of UA was inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) specific inhibitor H89, suggesting that UA exerted its lipolytic function through the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway. Downstream targets of the PKA pathway, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin A were checked, UA enhanced lipolysis by promoting the translocation of HSL from the cytosol to the lipid droplets and inhibiting the expression of perilipin A. Additionally, adipose triglyce... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623524 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900582 The objective of this study was to determine whether processing could modify the resistance of casein (CN) to digestion in infants. A range of different dairy matrices was manufactured from raw milk in a pilot plant and subjected to in vitro digestion using an infant gut model. Digestion products were identified using MS and immunochemical techniques. Results obtained showed that CNs were able to resist digestion, particularly [kappa]- and [alpha]s2-CN. Resistant areas were identified and corresponded to fragments hydrophobic at pH 3.0 (gastric conditions) and/or carrying post-translational modifications (phosphorylation and glycosylation). Milk processing led to differences in peptide patterns and heat treatment of milk tended to increase the number of peptides found in digested samples. ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623523 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900583 In a randomized cross-over study, 15 healthy volunteers consumed 500 mL of green tea (GTFT) with different solid contents (1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 g/L) to induce a dose-response effect on plasma antioxidant capacity. Ingestion of GTFT 2.0 g/L significantly increased plasma reducing power (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP) at 1 h (+2.9%; p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623522 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900611 A healthy diet involves eating fruit and vegetables on a daily basis, the benefits of which are in part linked to the ingestion of bioactive compounds including polyphenols. As a convenient means of delivering additional polyphenols to the diet, a polyphenol-rich (P-R) juice drink was prepared and the bioavailability of its diverse spectrum of constituents investigated. Ten human volunteers followed a low-flavonoid diet for 2 days before drinking 350 mL of the P-R beverage. Plasma and urine were collected for 24 h and analyzed by HPLC-PDA-MS. The plasma pharmacokinetics and recoveries of urinary metabolites of flavan-3-ols, flavanones, dihydrochalcones and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, both in terms of their identity and quantity, were, in most instances, not markedly different to those reporte... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623521 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623521 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000108 Conclusions: These results suggest that 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol might both exert anti-invasive activity against hepatoma cells through regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and that 6-shogaol could further regulate urokinase-type plasminogen activity. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3623520 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3623520 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900482 In this review, the role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis is examined. Both human and animal models are discussed. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium are antioxidants that are essential in the human diet. A number of non-essential chemicals also contain antioxidant activity and are consumed in the human diet, mainly as plants or as supplements, including [beta]-carotene, ellagic acid, curcumin, lycopene, coenzyme Q10, epigallocatechin gallate, N-acetyl cysteine, and resveratrol. Although some human and animal studies show protection against carcinogenesis with the consumption of higher amounts of antioxidants, many studies show no effect or an enhancement of carcinogenesis. Because of the conflicting results from these studies, it is difficult to make dieta... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3609059 Fri, 28 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3609059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900438 Hepatic insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokine production contribute to the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. As amino acids have been implicated in modulating insulin signaling and inflammation, we have investigated the effects of glutamine, leucine and proline on markers of inflammation and insulin sensitivity in HepG2 liver cells. Cells were incubated with IL-1[beta] (5 ng/mL) to stimulate IL-8 production. After 24 h, glutamine inhibited IL-8 production significantly (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3609061 Thu, 27 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3609061 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900512 In this study, we analyze data published in current meta-analysis, prospective studies, and systematic reviews on cancer-specific risk attributed to high BMI and low vitamin D status. The contribution of low 25(OH)D levels associated with high BMI to increased cancer risk was calculated for 13 vitamin-D-sensitive cancers with a focus on colorectal and breast cancer as the most frequently studied vitamin-D-sensitive cancer types. Our study suggests that a low vitamin D status may explain at least 20% of the cancer risk attributable to high BMI. The contribution of low 25(OH)D to the increased cancer risk with increasing BMI may be different for different cancer types. Thus, we find 40% for breast cancer, and 26 and 75% for colorectal cancer in men and women, respectively. (Source: Molecular... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3609060 Thu, 27 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3609060 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900574 The hypothesis that vitamin D is inversely associated with multiple health outcomes has been studied in the Harvard cohorts, including the Nurses' Health Study I (n=121 700 female nurses aged 37-64 at baseline in 1984), Nurses' Health Study II (n=116 671 female nurses aged 27-44 years at baseline in 1991), Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n=51 529 male health professionals aged 40-75 years at baseline in 1986), and Physicians' Health Study (n=22 071 male physicians aged 40-84 years at baseline in 1982). These studies assessed vitamin D through circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, dietary and supplemental intake, predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. This review summarizes studies of vitamin D and various endpoints considered in these cohorts, including risk ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3579529 Wed, 19 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3579529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900519 Hop-derived products may contain xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). To evaluate the potential health effects of these prenylflavonoids on breast tissue, their concentration, nature of metabolites, and biodistribution were assessed and compared with 17[beta]-estradiol (E2) exposure. In this dietary intervention study, women were randomly allocated to hop (n=11; 2.04 mg XN, 1.20 mg IX, and 0.1 mg 8-PN per supplement) or control (n=10). After a run-in of [ge]4 days, three supplements were taken daily for 5 days preceding an aesthetic breast reduction. Blood and breast biopsies were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Upon hop administration, XN and IX concentrations ranged between 0.72 and 17.65 nmol/L and 3.30 and 31.50 nmol/L, and betwe... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3579532 Tue, 18 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3579532 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000012 This study examined the role of Se on the development of hypertension and subsequent progression to chronic heart failure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Three dietary groups were studied: (i) Se-free; (ii) normal Se (50 [mu]g Se/kg food); and (iii) high Se (1000 [mu]g Se/kg food). Systolic blood pressure and echocardiography were used to detect cardiac changes in vivo. At study end, cardiac tissues were assayed for glutathione peroxidase activity, thioredoxin reductase activity, and protein carbonyls. The major finding of this study was the high heart failure-related mortality rate in SHRs fed an Se-free diet (70%). Normal and high levels of dietary Se resulted in higher survival rates of 78 and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, high dietary Se was clearly associated with lower l... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3579531 Tue, 18 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3579531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000016 Neointima, defined as abnormal growth of the intimal layer of blood vessels, is believed to be a critical event in the development of vascular occlusive disease. Although resveratrol's inhibitory effects on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells has been reported, its activity on neointimal formation is still unclear. Oral administration of trans-resveratrol significantly suppressed intimal hyperplasia in a wire-injured femoral artery mouse model. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, trans-resveratrol inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation with down-regulation of cyclin D and pRB. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor-induced production of reactive oxygen species was inhibited by trans-resveratrol and the compou... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3579530 Tue, 18 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3579530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000003 In order to study the human intestinal transit of flavan-3-ol C-glycosides, several C-glycosyl derivatives were prepared by non-enzymatic reaction of (+)-catechin with [alpha]-D-glucose, [alpha]-D-galactose and [alpha]-D-rhamnose, respectively. In contrast to literature data, we propose that the reaction mechanism proceeds in analogy to the rearrangement of flavan-3-ols during epimerization under alkaline conditions. Four of the 12 synthesized flavan-3-ol C-glycosides were incubated under aerobic conditions at 37°C using saliva (2 min) and simulated gastric juice (3 h). To simulate human intestine, the C-glycosides were also incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37°C both in human ileostomy fluid (10 h) and colostomy fluid (24 h), respectively. The flavan-3-ol C-glycosides under study,... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3558423 Tue, 11 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3558423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900452 White lupin is considered to be a rich source of protein with a notable content of lysine and is being increasingly used in bakery, confectionery, snacks and pastry products due to its multifunctional properties, in addition to its potential hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic properties. However, lupin seed flour has been reported as a causative agent of allergic reactions, especially in patients with allergy to peanut since the risk of immunological cross-reactivity between lupin and peanut is higher than with other legumes. Previously, we had identified two proteins as major lupin allergens (34.5 and 20 kDa) as determined by IgE immunoblotting using sera of 23 patients with lupin-specific IgE. The aim of this study was to purify and characterize the two major lupin allergens. The resul... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3554344 Mon, 10 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3554344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900489 In the present study, we analyzed the influence of xanthohumol (XN) on thyroid hormone (TH) distribution and metabolism in rats. A potent and selective competition of XN for thyroxine (T4) binding to transthyretin (IC50=1 [mu]M at 1.7 nM [125I]T4) was found in human and rat sera in vitro. Female rats treated orally with XN showed increased hepatic expression of T4-binding globulin and decreased transthyretin and albumin. Thyrotropin levels and hepatic type 1 deiodinase activity were moderately increased. Northern blot analysis revealed diminished expression of liver sulfotransferase (Sult1a1) and uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (Ugt1a1) after XN treatment. The transcript levels of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), known to be involved in regulation of enzymes metabolizing... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3554343 Mon, 10 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3554343 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900549 In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG, ECG, and TFDG inhibit tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14)-induced IL-6 production in HGFs. We detected TNFSF14 mRNA expression in human diseased periodontal tissues. TNFSF14 increased IL-6 production in HGFs in a concentration-dependent manner. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-mediated IL-6 production in HGFs. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-[kappa]B activation in HGFs. Inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and nuclear factor-[kappa]B decreased TNFSF14-induced IL-6 production. In addition, EGCG, ECG, and TFDG attenuated TNFSF14 receptor expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3554342 Mon, 10 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3554342 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900550 In this study, we investigated the anti-invasive mechanism of resveratrol in lung cancer cells. HO-1 was shown to be elevated ([sim]4.7-fold) in lung cancer tumor samples as compared with matched normal tissues. After treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells with resveratrol (50 [mu]M) for 24 h, the migratory and invasive abilities (38 and 30% inhibition, respectively) of A549 cells were significantly reduced. Resveratrol significantly inhibited HO-1-mediated MMP-9 (35% inhibition) and MMP-2 (28% inhibition) expression in lung cancer cells. Nuclear factor (NF)-[kappa]B inhibitor induced a marked reduction in MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression, suggesting NF-[kappa]B pathway could play an important role. Furthermore, HO-1 inhibition and silencing significantly suppressed MMPs and invas... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3554341 Mon, 10 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3554341 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000044 Vitamin D is important for bone health, as well as an increasing number of other health outcomes. Here we discuss the evidence relating to vitamin D in pregnancy, from preconception to the perinatal period. During pregnancy extra calcium required for fetal skeletal growth is attained by both maternal bone resorption and increased absorption from dietary sources, necessitating increased maternal vitamin D. Many women have low vitamin D status during pregnancy and may require supplementation, although optimal serum levels and intake required to achieve those levels is not yet well defined. Evidence from animal studies, with some supportive human evidence, suggests that fertility may be impaired in mothers with low vitamin D. During pregnancy, maintaining vitamin D and calcium levels may decr... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528196 Mon, 03 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900601 To determine if daily supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D3 is able to normalize the 25(OH)D3 status in a nursing home population, a group particularly prone to Vitamin D insufficiency. A chart review was performed to retrospectively determine the 25(OH)D3 level in each nursing home patient (N=68) who had received a minimum of 5 months of daily 2000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation. 94.1% of nursing home residents had a 25(OH)D3 level in excess of 80 nmol/L after a minimum of 5 months of daily 2,000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation. No residents had 25(OH)D3 levels in a toxic range. In order to improve health and well-being and to preclude preventable morbidity and mortality associated with 25(OH)D3 insufficiency, all nursing home patients without contraindication should be routinely suppleme... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528202 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900598 In this study we report, for the first time, the potential of the aromatic isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) to modulate these enzymes in human liver from four donors, in comparison with rat liver. Precision-cut human and rat liver slices were incubated with PEITC at concentrations that can be achieved in plasma following dietary intake. Glutathione-S-transferase activity increased in rat slices whereas in human slices activity rose only in three of the four donors. At the protein level, a marked rise in GST[alpha] was seen in one of the human donors whereas much less pronounced elevation was noted in the other three. Quinone reductase activity doubled in rat liver slices incubated with PEITC, and was accompanied by an increase in protein expression. Only in one of the human... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528201 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528201 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900602 Phenolic extracts from red wine (RWPs) have been shown to induce nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasoprotective effects, mainly by causing the PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RWPs contain several hundreds of phenolic compounds. The aim of the present study was to identify red wine phenolic compounds capable of activating eNOS in endothelial cells using multi-step fractionation. The red wine phenolic extract was fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 and preparative RP-HPLC approaches. The ability of a fraction to activate eNOS was assessed by determining the phosphorylation level of Akt and eNOS by Western blot analysis, and NO formation by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Tentative identification of phenolic compounds in fractions was performed by MALDI-T... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528200 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528200 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900480 India is located between 8.4 and 37.6°N latitude with the majority of its population living in regions experiencing ample sunlight throughout the year. Historically, Indians obtained most of their vitamin D through adequate sun exposure; however, darker skin pigmentation and the changes which have accompanied India's modernization, including increased hours spent working indoors and pollution, limit sun exposure for many. Inadequate sun exposure results in reduced vitamin D synthesis and ultimately poor vitamin D status if not compensated by dietary intake. Dietary vitamin D intake is very low in India because of low consumption of vitamin D rich foods, absence of fortification and low use of supplements. All these factors contribute to poor vitamin D status as measured by low circulating... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528199 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900536 We conducted an examination of recent studies to determine whether older adults ([ge]65 years) need higher levels of supplementary vitamin D than young adults when attempting to replete vitamin D status in deficient subjects, i.e. those with levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D less than 75 nmol/L. As data on repletion with vitamin D2 have recently been published, we restricted our discussion to the use of vitamin D3 from dietary supplements, prescriptions for large oral doses, and bolus dosing or injections. Most published dosing regimens failed to achieve 75 nmol/L in most all subjects, whether young adults ( (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528198 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900589 The British Isles have a very cloudy climate and as a result receive fewer hours of clear sunlight than most other industrial regions. The majority of people in these islands have low blood levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D] all year round. Few food products are fortified with vitamin D in the UK and the government does not recommend any vitamin D supplement for most adults in the UK. Diseases associated with vitamin D insufficiency such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes (types 1 and 2) and multiple sclerosis are more frequent in the UK, and particularly in Scotland, than in many other European countries and some, such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes (types 1 and 2), are increasing in incidence. Present knowledge suggests that the risk of some chronic diseases could be reduced if vitamin D ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3528197 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3528197 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900578 Vitamin D insufficiency is a common medical condition. Vitamin supplements can be ingested to improve vitamin D status. It is not known if the vehicle substance that is combined with the vitamin D tablet influences the bioavailability of vitamin D. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of different vehicles on vitamin D bioavailability. A comprehensive literature search identified studies that directly compared the absorption of vitamin D from two or more vehicles. The change in mean serum 25(OH)D per average daily dose of vitamin D supplemented was calculated and compared among the studies. We identified four clinical studies that compared two different vehicles of vitamin D. Vitamin D in an oil vehicle produced a greater 25(OH)D response than vitamin D in a powder or an eth... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3509758 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3509758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900467 In this study, we found that jejunal Mgam mRNA was increased by a HS-diet in mice. We showed that the HS-diet increased acetylation of histones, bindings of a coactivator, Creb binding protein (CREBBP), and the transcriptional factors caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and HNF1 homeobox (HNF1) in the promoter/enhancer and transcriptional regions of Mgam gene. This suggests that the increase in the jejunal activity of maltase and glucoamylase caused by a HS-diet in mice is regulated at the mRNA level through histone acetylation and binding of CREBBP, CDX2 and HNF1 in the promoter/enhancer and transcriptional regions of Mgam gene. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3509762 Mon, 26 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3509762 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900521 This study determined the effect of FSO on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast tumors (MCF-7) in ovariectomized athymic mice at high premenopausal-like estrogen (E2) levels. Mice with established MCF-7 tumors were fed basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with FSO (40 g/kg) for 8 wks. Compared with control, FSO reduced tumor size (33%, p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3509761 Mon, 26 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3509761 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900528 The metabolism of 1,8-cineole after ingestion of sage tea was studied. After application of the tea, the metabolites 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole, 3-hydroxy-1,8-cineole, 9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole and, for the first time in humans, 7-hydroxy-1,8-cineole were identified in plasma and urine of one volunteer. For quantitation of these metabolites and the parent compound, stable isotope dilution assays were developed after synthesis of [2H3]-1,8-cineole, [9/10-2H3]-2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole and [13C,2H2]-9-hydroxy-1,8-cineole as internal standards. Using these standards, we quantified 1,8-cineole by solid phase microextraction GC-MS and the hydroxyl-1,8-cineoles by LC-MS/MS after deconjugation in blood and urine of the volunteer. After consumption of 1.02 mg 1,8-cineole (19 [mu]g/kg bw), the hydroxycineoles a... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3509760 Mon, 26 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3509760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900579 Chronic inflammation contributes to an increased risk for developing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high "inflammatory load" is defined as elevated inflammation markers in blood or other tissues. We evaluated several markers of systemic inflammation from healthy adults and tested the hypothesis that two formulations of encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate with added berry powders (FVB) or without (FV) could impact markers of inflammatory load. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, 117 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, FV, or FVB capsules. Blood was drawn at baseline and after 60 d of capsule consumption. We measured inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Monocyte Chemotactic ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3509759 Mon, 26 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3509759 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900408 The carbonyl compounds methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (GL) are reactive intermediates of glucose degradation pathways and capable of inducing cellular damage. Although immune-stimulating activity has been investigated in endothelial cells, little is known about the signaling pathways of cytokine induction of these compounds in the intestine. Hence, we investigated the impact of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[kappa]B) on IL-8 production by human intestinal cells (Caco-2 and HT-29) after stimulation by MG and GL. Both compounds induced a dose-dependent enhancement of IL-8 secretion in human intestinal cells. MAPK p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were phosphorylated in these cells after having been stimulated by MG and GL. Furthermo... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469872 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469872 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900448 In conclusion, these peptides are bioactive ingredients with potential benefit in the prevention and treatment of hypertension or other associated disorders. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469871 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469871 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900517 The impact of human intestinal bacteria on the bioavailability of the prenylflavonoid xanthohumol (XN) was studied by comparing germ-free (GF) and human microbiota-associated (HMA) rats. After XN application, XN, XN conjugates, and isoxanthohumol (IX) conjugates occurred in blood samples of GF and HMA rats, whereas IX was detected only in the blood of HMA rats. Overall excretion of XN and its metabolites within 48 h was only 4.6% of the ingested dose in GF rats and 4.2% in HMA rats, feces being the major route of excretion. While both GF and HMA rats excreted XN, IX, and their conjugates with urine and feces, 8-prenylnaringenin and its corresponding conjugates were exclusively observed in the feces of HMA rats. The microbial formation of 8-prenylnaringenin was confirmed by incubation of XN... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469870 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469870 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900305 In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic activities of eupafolin in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. It was found that eupafolin induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of positive cells for annexin V. In addition, eupafolin triggered the activations of caspases-3, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and the cleavages of their substrates, such as, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin A/C. Furthermore, treatment with eupafolin resulted in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential ([Delta][Psi]m), increased the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and altered the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins. Interestingly, caspase-8, an initiator caspase, was activated after the loss of [Delta][Psi]m and the acti... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469869 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900443 Although the bioavailability of large peptides with biological activity is of great interest, the intestinal transport has been described for peptides up to only nine residues. [beta]-casein ([beta]-CN, 193-209) is a long and hydrophobic peptide composed of 17 amino acid residues (molecular mass 1881 Da) with immunomodulatory activity. The present work examined the transport of the [beta]-CN (193-209) peptide across Caco-2 cell monolayer. In addition, we evaluated the possible routes of the [beta]-CN (193-209) peptide transport, using selective inhibitors of the different routes for peptide transfer through the intestinal barrier. The results showed that the [beta]-CN (193-209) peptide resisted the action of brush-border membrane peptidases, and that it was transported through the Caco-2 c... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469868 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469868 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900524 Glucuronidation constitutes an important pathway in the phase II metabolism of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) and the growth promotor [alpha]-zearalanol ([alpha]-ZAL, zeranol), but the enzymology of their formation is yet unknown. In the present study, ZEN, [alpha]-ZAL and four of their major phase I metabolites were glucuronidated in vitro using hepatic microsomes from steer, pig, rat and human, intestinal microsomes from humans, and eleven recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). After assigning chemical structures to the various glucuronides by using previously published information, the enzymatic activities of the various microsomes and UGT isoforms were determined together with the patterns of glucuronides generated. All six compounds were good substrates for all micros... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469867 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469867 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900552 A simulated gastrointestinal digestion has been carried out on purified peach lipid transfer protein, one of the main allergens among the population of the Mediterranean area and the major allergen of peach allergic patients. The percentage of intact protein, after extensive digestion, measured by comparison with a non-digestible peptide analogue used as internal standard, was found to be about one-third of the original protein content. The peptides formed in digested fraction were characterized by means of LC/MS. The products of the digestion essentially derived from trypsin action, whereas the protein appeared to be resistant to pepsin and chymotrypsin. The identified peptides could be classified as low molecular weight and high molecular weight peptides. The latter consisted of the full... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469866 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900605 Hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a class of novel flavonoid compounds mainly found in citrus plants. We studied the effects of three major 5-hydroxy PMFs, namely: 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3[prime],4[prime]-pentamethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3[prime],4[prime]-hexamethoxyflavone, and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4[prime]-tetramethoxyflavone, on human colon cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells. Their effects were compared with those produced by their permethoxylated counterparts, namely: nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3[prime],4[prime]-heptamethoxylflavone, and tangeretin. 5-Hydroxy PMFs showed much stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of the colon cancer cells in comparison with their permethoxylated counterparts, suggesting the pivotal role of hydroxyl group at 5-position in the enhanced inhibitory activity by... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469865 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000022 In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed HF diets for 28 days, and we investigated the effect of this diet on type I tropocollagen and hyaluronan in rat skin. The HF diets reduced the levels of type I tropocollagen, COL1A1 mRNA, hyaluronan, and rat hyaluronan synthase (rhas)2 mRNA, which play a primary role in hyaluronan synthase in the dermis. However, rhas3 mRNA level in the skin was increased. The HF diets also decreased the skin mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-[beta]1, which enhances the expression of COL1A1 and rhas2 mRNA and decreases rhas3 mRNA expression, and decreased the hepatic mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, which enhances COL1A1, rhas2, and TGF-[beta]1 mRNA expression. The serum level of adiponectin, which promotes the syntheses of... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469864 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469864 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900468 The use of vitamin D testing has grown rapidly in the recent times as a result of increased interest in the role of vitamin D in health. Although the generally accepted measure of vitamin D status is circulating 25(OH)D concentration, there is little consensus on which assay method should be used. Commonly used assays include competitive protein-binding assay, RIA, enzyme immunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassays, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. However, there is significant interassay and interlaboratory variability in measurements. Our simulation of the published data showed that using a deficiency cut-point of 50 nmol/L, 57% of samples assessed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay were classified as deficient compared with 41% of samples assessed u... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469861 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3469861 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900494 This article gives an overview of the vitamin D status in Germany, provides evidence for an independent association of vitamin D deficiency with various chronic diseases, and discusses preventive measures for improving vitamin D status in Germany. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is 40-45% in the general German population. An additional 15-30% are vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D can prevent falls and osteoporotic fractures in older people. There is also accumulating evidence that vitamin D may prevent excess mortality and may probably prevent some chronic diseases that occur in early life such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Adherence to present sun safety policy (avoidance of the sun between 11 am and 3 pm) and dietary recommendations (5-10 [mu]g daily for adults) would... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431244 Thu, 01 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3431244 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900329 This study offers a novel insight into the interaction between flavonoids and carotenoids with respect to the health benefits from the latter. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431246 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3431246 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900456 Conclusion: We confirmed the postulated role of hazelnut 2S albumin as an allergen. The availability of recombinant molecules will allow establishing the importance of hazelnut 2S albumin for hazelnut allergy. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431245 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3431245 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900474 Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with myocardial diseases because sun-induced vitamin D production in the skin and dietary intake of vitamin D is often insufficient. Knockout mice for the vitamin D receptor develop myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction. It has also been shown that children with rickets who suffered from severe heart failure could be successfully treated with supplementation of vitamin D plus calcium. In adults, almost all patients with heart failure exhibit reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, which are used to classify the vitamin D status. In prospective studies, vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for mortality, deaths due to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Several vitamin D effects on the electrophysiology, contractility, and struct... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418315 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3418315 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900257 In conclusion, at baseline, CC subjects for the -174G/C polymorphism of IL6 had the highest body weight and BMI. However, after 3 years of nutritional intervention with MD+VOO, these subjects were predicted to have the greatest reduction in body weight. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418320 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3418320 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900343 In this study we used STC-1 cells to investigate the effects of common dietary-derived fatty acids (FAs) on I-cell secretory function and metabolism. We extend earlier studies by measuring the acute and chronic effects of 11 FAs on CCK secretion, cellular CCK content, CCK mRNA levels, cellular DNA synthesis, cellular viability and cytotoxicity. FAs were selected in order to assess the importance of chain length, degree of saturation, and double bond position and conformation. The results demonstrate that secretory responses elicited by dietary FAs are highly selective. For example, altering the conformation of a double bond from cis to trans (i.e. oleic acid versus elaidic acid) completely abolishes CCK secretion. Lauric acid appears to adversely affect I-cell metabolism and arachidonic ac... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418319 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3418319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900414 In conclusion, we demonstrated that the anti-invasive effects of ursolic acid on MDAMB231 cells might be through the inhibition of Jun N-terminal kinase, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation and a reduction of the level of NF[kappa]B protein in the nucleus, ultimately leading to downregulation of MMP-2 and u-PA expression. These results suggest that ursolic acid has potential as a chemopreventive agent for metastatic breast cancer. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418318 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3418318 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900522 Recent studies have shown the ability of apelin to restore glucose tolerance in obese and insulin-resistant mice. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from the omega-3 family that has many beneficial effects in obesity-linked disorders. The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the effects of EPA on apelin secretion and gene expression in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with EPA (100 and 200 [mu]M) significantly increased basal (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418317 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3418317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900420 The objective of this work is to estimate the economic burden and premature death rate in Canada attributable to low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many diseases and conditions in addition to bone diseases, including many types of cancer, several bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Canadians have mean serum 25(OH)D levels averaging 67 nmol/L. The journal literature was searched for papers reporting dose-response relationships for vitamin D indices and disease outcomes. The types of studies useful in this regard include randomized controlled trials, observational, cross-sectional, and ecological studies, and meta-analyses. The mortality rates for 2005 were obtained ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3418316 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3418316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900409 In this study, we further compared curcumin, 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol's molecular mechanism of action and their anti-tumor properties. We demonstrate that topical application of 6-shogaol more effectively inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated transcription of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression in mouse skin than curcumin and 6-gingerol. Pretreatment with 6-shogaol has resulted in the reduction of TPA-induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-[kappa]B subunits. 6-Shogaol also reduced TPA-induced phosphorylation of I[kappa]B[alpha] and p65, and caused subsequent degradation of I[kappa]B[alpha]. Moreover, 6-shogaol markedly suppressed TPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulate kinase1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, JNK1/2, and phosphatid... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3401233 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3401233 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900324 In conclusion, xanthohumol stimulated Asm leading to caspase activation and apoptosis of bone marrow-derived DCs. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3397184 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3397184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900399 A comparative study investigated four tocopherols, four tocotrienols, and [alpha]-tocopheryl acetate on their antioxidative activities in five different popular assays, which were adapted to non-polar antioxidants. [alpha]-Tocopherol, used as calibration standard, showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power. Greater ring methyl substitution not only led to an increase of scavenging activity against the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, but also to a decrease in oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Regarding [alpha]-tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity no significant differences in the antioxidant activity of all vitamin E isoforms were found. In contrast, a significantly lower peroxyl radical-scavenging activity of [alpha]-tocochromanols was determined in a chemil... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3397183 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3397183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900493 This article reports evidence of a significant co-localization of CD36 receptor with cells of the macrophage lineage, i.e. CD68 positive cells, LDL apoprotein B100 and lipids in human advanced atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular signaling operated by a nutritionally relevant mixture of oxysterols in overexpressing CD36 receptor in cells of the macrophage lineage. The involvement of a G protein, Src, phospholipase C cascade and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma] in oxysterol-mediated signaling was demonstrated by using selective inhibitors, while the central role of the downstream protein kinase C[delta] and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in oxysterol-induced enhancement of CD36 was conclusively proved b... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3397182 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3397182 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201000027 To investigate emerging clinical data suggesting a triglyceride (TAG)-lowering response to plant sterol (PS) therapy, we characterized changes in TAG metabolism in 16 C57BL/6J mice fed a basal control diet (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with 2% PS for 6 wk. PS consumption reduced (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3397181 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3397181 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900177 This study examined the hypothesis that a cysteinate complex of chromium is significantly beneficial than either of them in lowering blood glucose and vascular inflammation markers in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Starting at the age of 6 wk, ZDF rats were supplemented orally (daily gavages for 8 more weeks) with saline-placebo (D) or chromium (400 [mu]g Cr/Kg body weight) as chromium dinicocysteinate (CDNC), chromium dinicotinate (CDN) or chromium picolinate (CP) or equimolar L-cysteine (LC, img/Kg body weight), and fed Purina 5008 diet for 8 wk. ZDF rats of 6 wk age before any supplementations and onset of diabetes were considered as baseline. D rats showed elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1, CRP, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and lower adiponect... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384534 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900271 Sesame lignans have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We focused on the effects of the lignans sesamin and sesamol on the expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules in tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha])-treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). When HAECs were pretreated with sesamin (10 or 100 [mu]M), the TNF-[alpha]-induced expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was significantly reduced (35 or 70% decrease, respectively) by Western blotting. Sesamol was less effective at inhibiting ICAM-1 expression (30% decrease at 100 [mu]M). Sesamin and sesamol reduced the marked TNF-[alpha]-induced increase in human antigen R (HuR) translocation and the interaction between HuR and the 3'UTR of ICAM-1 mRNA. Both significantly reduced the... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384533 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384533 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900383 In this study, we report that, in MCF-7 breast cancer cell, expressing both ER[alpha] and ER[beta], PTRF treatment increases ER[beta] nuclear translocation, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence experiments and significantly inhibits ER[alpha] expression (-458.91-fold of change) and complete disappearing of the protein from the nucleus. Moreover, PTRF treatment induces ER-dependent genes expression (macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, early growth response-1 and Cathepsin D) which is inhibited by the ER inhibitor, ICI 182.780, and induces DNA fragmentation. Finally, cDNA-array experiments suggest that the activation of specific pathways in cells treated with [gamma]-TT with respect to [alpha]-TT. Our data suggest a novel potential molecular mechanism for TTs activity. (Source: Molecular Nutr... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384532 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384532 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900395 In conclusion, this study suggests that phenolic acids could exert their anti-inflammatory activities as antiglycation agents and as modifiers of signaling pathways. It provides evidence for a novel mechanism by which phenolics supplementation might have additional protective effects against diabetic complications. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384531 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900249 In this study, lentil protein extract was hydrolyzed by sequential action of an endoprotease (Alcalase) and an exoprotease (Flavourzyme). Immunoreactivity to raw and hydrolyzed lentil extract was evaluated by means of IgE immunoblotting and ELISA using sera from five patients with clinical allergy to lentil. The results indicated that sequential hydrolysis of lentil results in an important proteolytic destruction of IgE-binding epitopes shown by in vitro experiments. However, some allergenic proteins were still detected by sera from four out of five patients in the last step of sequential hydrolyzation. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384530 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900351 Vitamin D is the critical hormone for intestinal absorption of calcium. Optimal calcium absorption is important for proper mineralization of bone in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, among other important functions. Diseases associated with gut inflammation, such as Crohn's disease (CD), may impair calcium absorption. This pilot study evaluated vitamin D- dependent calcium absorption in subjects with CD. Male subjects with CD (n=4) and healthy age-matched controls (n=5) were studied. All subjects had fractional calcium absorption (FCA; by the dual calcium isotope method), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium excretion measurements at baseline. The FCA in response to vitamin D therapy was re-assessed following administration of oral calc... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384529 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900432 Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 mediates the transport of ketone bodies and other monocarboxylic acids across the plasma membrane. MCT1 is up-regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-[alpha], a transcription factor that mediates the adaptive response to fasting by up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Here, we show for the first time that MCT1 is up-regulated by dietary natural PPAR-[alpha] agonists. Both, an oxidized fat and conjugated linoleic acids increased MCT1 mRNA concentration in the liver of rats. Also, in the liver of pigs as non-proliferating species MCT1 was up-regulated upon PPAR-[alpha] activation by clofibrate, oxidized fat and fasting. Concomitant with up-regulation of MCT1, mRNA level of CD147 was increased in li... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384528 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900454 Four flavones (flavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, chrysin, and baicalein) sharing the same B- and C-ring structure but a different numbers of hydroxyl groups on the A-ring were studied for their affinities for BSA and HSA. The hydroxylation on ring A of flavones increased the binding constants (Ka) and the number of binding sites (n) between flavones and serum albumins. The affinities of 7-hydroxyflavone for BSA and HSA were about 800 times and 40 times higher than that of flavone, respectively. It appears that the optimal number of hydroxyl groups introduced to the ring A of flavones is one. As more hydroxyl groups were introduced to positions at C-5, C-6, and/or C-7 of flavones, the affinities for serum albumins decrease. The critical energy transfer distances (R0) between the hydroxylated flavo... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3384527 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3384527 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900260 This study determined the effects of a hexane/ethanol extract of G. uralensis (HEGU), which contains undetectable amounts of glycyrrhizin, on the apoptosis of androgen-insensitive DU145 cells. HEGU induced apoptosis and increased the levels of cleaved caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). HEGU also induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. HEGU increased the levels of Fas, death receptor 4 (DR4), cleaved caspase-8, Mcl-1S, and truncated Bid proteins. A caspase-8 inhibitor suppressed HEGU-induced apoptosis. An active fraction of HEGU was separated via column chromatography and the structure of the active compound isoangustone A was identified via 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Isoangustone A increased apoptotic cells, the ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356538 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356538 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900278 In this study, we examined whether diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) protect endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation against oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) insult and through what mechanism. We found that DADS and DATS reversed the suppression of eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation by ox-LDL, and wortmannin abolished the reversal by DADS and DATS. Similarly, the inhibition of cellular cGMP and nitric oxide production by ox-LDL was reversed by DADS and DATS (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356537 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356537 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900297 Epidemiological studies reveal that fruit consumption reduces the prevalence of airway inflammation and childhood asthma. In particular, blackcurrant polyphenolic extracts have been shown to alleviate lung inflammation. Since IL-4-stimulated eotaxin-3 (CCL26) secretion is a major factor in the continuous eosinophil recruitment observed in atopic asthma, our focus was to evaluate the effectiveness of blackcurrant polyphenolic compounds on CCL26 secretion in human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results indicate that a proanthocyanin-enriched blackcurrant extract (BC-P), but not anthocyanin-enriched blackcurrant extract suppressed both IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated CCL26 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore pre-incubation of cells with BC-P caused a time-dependent suppression of IL-... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356536 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356536 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900318 In this study, we investigated the effects of PEITC on NO production in LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages from ICR mice. The signaling pathway of LPS-induced NO production was examined using neutralizing antibodies [anti-interferon (IFN)-[gamma] and anti-interleukin (IL-12)] and specific protein kinase inhibitors, as well as others. The activity of PEITC toward NOx production was assessed in mice that received LPS via intraperitoneal administration. The neutralizing antibody of anti-IFN-[gamma], but not anti-IL-12, suppressed LPS-induced NO production by 90%. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, suppressed Akt and IFN-[gamma] mRNA expression up-regulated by LPS, whereas PEITC exhibited a similar inhibition profile. Furthermore, oral administration of PEITC signif... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356535 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3356535 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900184 Crosslinking enzymes are frequently used in bioprocessing of dairy products. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of enzymatic crosslinking on IgE binding, allergenicity and digestion stability of [beta]-casein (CN). [beta]-CN was crosslinked by transglutaminase, tyrosinase, mushroom tyrosinase/caffeic acid and laccase/caffeic acid. The IgE binding to [beta]-CN was compared in vitro by CAP inhibition assay, ELISA inhibition as well as ex vivo by basophil activation assay. Crosslinked CNs were digested by simulated gastric fluid for 15 and 60 min and obtained digests analyzed for their ability to inhibit IgE binding by CAP inhibition assay and SDS-PAGE. The ability of crosslinked CNs to activate basophils was significantly reduced in seven patients in the case of CN crosslinked ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3329195 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3329195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900382 Vitamin E refers to a family of several compounds that possess a similar chemical structure comprising a chromanol ring with a 16-carbon side chain. The degree of saturation of the side chain, and positions and nature of methyl groups designate the compounds as tocopherols or tocotrienols. Vitamin E compounds have antioxidant properties due to a hydroxyl group on the chromanol ring. Recently, it has been suggested that vitamin E may also regulate signal transduction and gene expression. We previously reported that lifelong dietary vitamin E ([alpha]-tocopherol) supplementation significantly increased median lifespan in C57BL/6 mice by 15%. This lifespan extension appeared to be independent of any antioxidant effect. Employing a transcriptional approach, we suggest that this increase in lif... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3329194 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3329194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900481 Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient for higher mammals and functions as an antioxidant for lipids and also as a regulator of gene expression and a modulator of cell signaling and proliferation. To exert its physiological functions, vitamin E must achieve an appropriate disposition throughout the body via several processes, such as intestinal absorption, uptake and efflux in peripheral tissues and biliary secretion. In this review, we mainly discuss membrane proteins involved in these transport processes (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, scavenger receptor class B type I, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 and multidrug resistance 3) and vitamin E-mediated regulation of their expression. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3329193 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3329193 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900575 Rodents fed [alpha]-tocopherol ([alpha]T)-depleted diets develop neuromuscular deficits. Unequivocal role of [alpha]T in the prevention of these deficits is confounded by possible neurotoxic oxidant products generated, ex vivo in [alpha]T-depleted diets. The discovery that large doses of [alpha]T could ameliorate neuromuscular deficits, attributed to very low serum [alpha]T caused by mutations in either the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein or the [alpha]T-transfer protein ([alpha]TTP), underscores the necessity of [alpha]T for neuromuscular health in humans. The discovery of human [alpha]TTP provided physiological relevance to biochemical data from rodents documenting [alpha]T-binding transfer protein, expressed exclusively in liver. The cloning of [alpha]TTP gene and the creation ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3309215 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3309215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900460 The clinical, neuropathological and electrophysiological evidence that vitamin E ([alpha]-tocopherol) is essential for normal neurological function will be reviewed. The possible reasons why neural tissues should be particularly affected by a deficiency of this fat-soluble vitamin and the mechanism(s) involved will be considered. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3296551 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3296551 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900317 This study was conducted to evaluate the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced regulation of the galanin receptors (GalRs) and the associated signaling molecules in the adipose tissues of mice. Twenty C57BL/6J mice were given either an HFD or a normal diet for 12 wk. The results of the semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses indicated that the HFD upregulated the expression of GalR1, GalR2, GalR3, resistance to audiogenic seizures, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor[gamma]2, adipocyte protein 2, and protein kinase C[delta] and downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor [gamma] coactivator 1[alpha] and uncoupling protein 1 in the adipose tissues. The immunoblot results showed that the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor[gamma]2 and adipocyte ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3296553 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3296553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900398 In Western societies the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and represents a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In a recent study we observed significantly lower tissue [alpha]-tocopherol ([alpha]-TOH) concentrations in apoE4 compared with apoE3 mice. Furthermore, genes encoding for proteins involved in peripheral [alpha]-TOH transport and degradation were affected by the apoE genotype. Thus, the apoE4 genotype may be associated with lower vitamin E retention in peripheral tissues. This is possibly related to an altered lipoprotein metabolism including increased [alpha]-TOH retention in LDL, a decreased expression of lipoprotein receptors and impaired cellular vitamin E delivery system, and a greater intr... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3296552 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3296552 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900125 This study is the first to investigate the anticancer effect of 6-dehydrogingerdione (DGE), an active constituent of dietary ginger, in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. DGE exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased levels of p21, and reduced amounts of cyclin B1, cyclin A, Cdc2 and Cdc25C. DGE also enhanced the levels of inactivated phosphorylated Cdc2 and Cdc25C. DGE triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in caspase-9 activation. We also found the generation of reactive oxygen species is a critical mediator in DGE-induced cell growth inhibition. DGE clearly increased the activation of apoptosis... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3289640 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3289640 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900457 Vitamin E is known as the most important lipid antioxidant and is widely used to prevent age-associated diseases. Despite increasing knowledge about human vitamin E metabolism, little is known to justify its widespread use. As meta-analyses revealed even harmful effects of high vitamin E doses, a profound understanding of vitamin E metabolism is mandatory. By recent advances in analytical methodology, new metabolites with distinct physicochemical and biological properties were discovered. This review covers current methods to analyze vitamin E metabolites in biological samples. Special emphasis is laid on analytical applications for the identification and quantification of metabolites with a modified hydroxychromanol ring or a truncated side chain. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285850 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900265 Anthraquinone compounds have been shown to induce apoptosis in different cancer cell types. Effects of chrysophanol, an anthraquinone compound, on cancer cell death have not been well studied. The goal of this study was to examine if chrysophanol had cytotoxic effects and if such effects involved apoptosis or necrosis in J5 human liver cancer cells. Chrysophanol induced necrosis in J5 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Non-apoptotic cell death was induced by chrysophanol in J5 cells and was characterized by caspase independence, delayed externalization of phosphatidylserine and plasma membrane disruption. Blockage of apoptotic induction by a general caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) failed to protect cells against chrysophanol-induced cell death. The levels of reactive oxygen species ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285856 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285856 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900378 No Abstract (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285855 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900462 Based on the observation that 3 months [alpha]-tocopherol supplementation caused an up-regulation of the mRNA of vesicular transport proteins in livers of mice, the functional relevance was investigated in RBL-2H3 cells, a model for mast cell degranulation. In total, 24 h incubation with 100 [mu]M [alpha]-tocopherol enhanced the basal and phorbol-12-myristyl-13-acetate/ionomycin-stimulated release of [beta]-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D as measured by enzymatic analysis as well as Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, respectively. [beta]-Tocopherol exerted the same effect, whereas [alpha]-tocopheryl phosphate and trolox were inactive, indicating that both the side chain and the 6-OH group at the chroman ring are essential for activation of degranulation. [alpha]-Tocopherol did not in... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285854 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285854 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900386 In the past, the role of tocopherols and tocopheryl hydroquinones as antioxidants in mitochondria has been examined. However, structural properties of tocopherols and tocopheryl quinones (arrangement of polar/apolar moieties) have also been recognized as being crucial for the selective transport of RRR-[alpha]-congeners compared with other tocopherols in the cell, suggesting that these properties might be generally important for the binding of vitamin E-related compounds to proteins and enzymes in mitochondria. Therefore, direct modulation of mitochondrial activities, such as bioenergetics, production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, not exclusively related to the redox activity of these compounds is increasingly studied. This overview focuses on the influence of [alpha]-/[gamma]-... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285853 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285853 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900404 The vitamin E ([alpha]-tocopherol, [alpha]T) derivative, [alpha]-tocopheryl phosphate ([alpha]TP), is detectable in small amounts in plasma, tissues, and cultured cells. Studies done in vitro and in vivo suggest that [alpha]T can become phosphorylated and [alpha]TP dephosphorylated, suggesting the existence of enzyme(s) with [alpha]T kinase or [alpha]TP phosphatase activity, respectively. As a supplement in animal studies, [alpha]TP can reach plasma concentrations similar to [alpha]T and only a part is dephosphorylated; thus, [alpha]TP may act both as pro-vitamin E, but also as phosphorylated form of vitamin E with possibly novel regulatory activities. Many effects of [alpha]TP have been described: in the test tube [alpha]TP modulates the activity of several enzymes; in cell culture [alpha... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285852 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900440 There is growing concern based on meta-analyses of clinical trials using vitamin E supplements that these supplements increase the risk of all-cause mortality in humans. My laboratory has been investigating the metabolism and disposition of "excess" vitamin E. This review focuses on the various mechanisms that prevent vitamin E intoxication. Non-[alpha]-tocopherols are aggressively metabolized thereby preventing their tissue accumulation and limiting increases in their plasma concentrations. Moreover, "excess" [alpha]-tocopherol is also metabolized and its concentrations are limited. The mechanisms for this limitation do not seem to be specific for vitamin E, but rather are general xenobiotic pathways. We suggest that the most relevant cytochrome P450-mediated pathway is the one that is mo... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285851 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3285851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900445 Vitamin E is composed of closely related compounds, including tocopherols and tocotrienols. Studies of the last decade provide strong support for a specific role of [alpha]-tocopherol in cell signalling and the regulation of gene expression. It produces significant effects on inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis that are not shared by other vitamin E isomers with similar antioxidant properties. The different behaviours of vitamin E isomers might relate, at least in part, to the specific effects they exert at the plasma membrane. [alpha]-Tocopherol is not randomly distributed throughout the phospholipid bilayer of biological membranes, and as compared with other isomers, it shows a propensity to associate with lipid rafts. Distinct aspects of vitamin E transport and metabolism is ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281632 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200800512 Recently, substantial attention has been focused on the association between obesity and chronic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity induces the activation of the IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI)-mediated inflammatory signaling cascade in the skeletal muscle of mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either an HFD or a normal diet (ND) for 12 wk. Compared with the results in mice receiving the ND, the HFD increased the expression of IL-1RI and downstream signaling proteins, such as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), IL-1R-associated kinase 4 and phospho-transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 in the skeletal muscle. Additionally, activities of both inhibitor of [kappa]B kinase [beta] and inhibitor of [... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281637 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281637 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900159 In conclusion, together with the inherent radical scavenging activity of HTy, our results provide an additional mechanism of action to prevent oxidative stress damage through the modulation of signalling pathways involved in antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes regulation. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281636 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900197 In this study, we show that SFN protects primary cortical neurons against 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine induced neuronal injury. Pre-treatment of cortical neurons with SFN (0.01-1 [mu]M) resulted in protection against 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine-induced neurotoxicity, which peaked at 100 nM. This protection was observed to be mediated by the ability of SFN to modulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 and the activation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/NF-E2-related factor-2 leading to the increased expression and activity of glutathione-S-transferase (M1, M3 and M5), glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and NAD(P)H oxidoreductase 1. These data suggest that SFN stimulates the NF-E2-related factor-2 pathway of antioxidant gene expression in neurons and may protect against ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281635 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900397 Tocopherols, collectively known as vitamin E, are lipophilic antioxidants, essential dietary components for mammals and exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms. Of the four forms ([alpha], [beta], [gamma] and [delta]), [alpha]-tocopherol is the major vitamin E form present in green plant tissues, and has the highest vitamin E activity. Synthetic [alpha]-tocopherol, being a racemic mixture of eight different stereoisomers, always results less effective than the natural form (R,R,R) [alpha]-tocopherol. This raises interest in obtaining this molecule from natural sources, such as plant cell cultures. Plant cell and tissue cultures are able to produce and accumulate valuable metabolites that can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Sunflower cell cultures,... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281634 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900439 Vitamin E ([alpha]-tocopherol) has long been recognized as the major antioxidant in biological membranes, and yet many structurally related questions persist of how the vitamin functions. For example, the very low levels of [alpha]-tocopherol reported for whole cell extracts question how this molecule can successfully protect the comparatively enormous quantities of PUFA-containing phospholipids found in membranes that are highly susceptible to oxidative attack. The contemporary realization that membranes laterally segregate into regions of distinct lipid composition (domains), we propose, provides the answer. We hypothesize [alpha]-tocopherol partitions into domains that are enriched in polyunsaturated phospholipids, amplifying the concentration of the vitamin in the place where it is mos... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281633 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281633 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900106 Chronic and complex autoimmune diseases, currently treated palliatively with immunosuppressives, require multi-targeted therapy for greater effectiveness. The naturally occurring polyphenol curcumin has emerged as a powerful "nutraceutical" that interacts with multiple targets to regress diseases safely and inexpensively. Up to 8 g/day of curcumin for 18 months was non-toxic to humans. However, curcumin's utility is limited by its aqueous insolubility. We have demonstrated a heat-mediated 12-fold increase in curcumin's aqueous solubility. Here, we show by SDS-PAGE and surface plasmon resonance that heat-solubilized curcumin binds to proteins. Based on this binding we hypothesized that heat-solubilized curcumin or turmeric would prevent autoantibody targeting of cognate autoantigens. Heat-s... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3256917 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3256917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900279 Phytate (inositol hexa-phosphate, IP6) possesses multiple biological functions including anticancer activity. IP6 is converted to inositol di-, tri-, and tetra-phosphates (IP2, IP3, and IP4) by phytase in large intestinal microbes; however, their contribution to the IP6-mediated functions has not been investigated. We have developed the preparations of IP2-4 and IP3-rich phytate hydrolysate (IP3-RPH) by IP6 digestion using microbial phytase, and examined the induction of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in response to the preparations in colorectal cancer cells. IP2-4, but not inositol (IP0) and IP6, induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in Caco-2 cells with the following rank order: IP3>IP2=IP4. Inositol tri-phosphate (IP3)-RPH induced increases in [Ca2+]i in both un... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3256916 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3256916 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900196 This study used isomaltulose as an investigative tool to lower glycemic response. Importantly, it demonstrates a lack of effect of modulating glucose on cognitive performance based on reliable, continuously measured glycemia. It refutes the hypothesis that glycemia is associated with cognitive performance and questions the suggestion that isomaltulose has an effect on cognitive performance. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3245709 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3245709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900308 In this study, a substructure library was prepared and used to identify Maillard products that are responsible for this effect. Three different Maillard reaction products with aminoreductone substructure (C6-aminoreductone, C4-aminoreductone, and aminohexose reductone) strongly induce nuclear factor [kappa]B translocation in macrophages. The effect was almost completely blocked by co-incubation with catalase, indicating that cellular activation was mediated by the ability of the test compounds to generate hydrogen peroxide. The cellular effect of a Maillard mixture, which was produced under conditions favoring aminoreductone formation, could be almost completely related to the presence of C6-aminoreductone. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3245708 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3245708 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900320 Several resveratrol analogues have been designed to improve bioactivity: among these polymethoxystilbenes appear to be particularly promising. The present study was set up to investigate the biological functions of polymethoxystilbenes 2 and 3, recently found in our lab as antiangiogenic agents, on a well-defined swine granulosa cell model. Proliferative activity and effects on steroidogenesis were evaluated, as well as the effect on granulosa cell vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, since these cells in basic conditions synthesize the main proangiogenic peptide. Moreover, we considered the effect of these two resveratrol analogues on granulosa cell redox status. Analogue 3 inhibited granulosa cell growth, while it stimulated steroidogenesis. A similar effect was displaye... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3245707 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3245707 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900201 Direct actions of [omega]-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on neuronal composition, neurochemical signaling and cognitive function constitute a multidisciplinary rationale for classification of dietary lipids as "brain foods." The validity of this conclusion rests upon accumulated mechanistic evidence that [omega]-3 fatty acids actually regulate neurotransmission in the normal nervous system, principally by modulating membrane biophysical properties and presynaptic vesicular release of classical amino acid and amine neurotransmitters. The functional correlate of this hypothesis, that certain information processing and affective coping responses of the central nervous system are facilitated by bioavailability of [omega]-3 fatty acids, is tentatively supported by developmental and epide... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218630 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900183 This study investigates to what extent other flavonoids modulate the metabolism and transport of hesperetin by characterizing the effect of co-administrating a series of flavonoids using Caco-2 cell monolayers in a two-compartment transwell system. Flavonoids may interfere with hesperetin metabolism and can also inhibit the apically located ABC transporter breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) which was previously shown to be responsible for the apical transport of hesperetin metabolites. Co-exposure of Caco-2 cell monolayers to hesperetin with specific flavonoids reduced the ratio of apical efflux to basolateral transport of hesperetin metabolites, and in some cases, also reduced the amount of hesperetin metabolites detected extracellularly. As intracellular accumulation of hesperetin ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218636 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900306 Epidemiological studies indicate that the consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) may reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. To explore the underlying mechanisms of action at the molecular level, we examined the effects of GTP on the cardiac mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in insulin and lipid metabolism and inflammation. In rats fed a high-fructose diet, supplementation with GTP (200 mg/kg BW daily dissolved in distilled water) for 6 wk, reduced systemic blood glucose, plasma insulin, retinol-binding protein 4, soluble CD36, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and LDL-C levels, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]) and IL-6. GTP did not affect food intake, bodyweight and heart weight. In the myocardium, GTP also i... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218635 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900330 Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Although dietary factors can modulate eNOS activity, putative effects of processed food are barely investigated. We aimed to examine whether the model Maillard reaction product 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propyl-4(1H)-pyridone (HMPP), formed from maltol or starch and propylamine, affects the eNOS system. Incubation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells with 30-300 [mu]M HMPP for 18 h enhanced endothelial NO release measured with the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-2 and eNOS activity determined by the [14C]L-arginine-[14C]L-citrulline conversion assay. HMPP increased NO production also in two different types of primary human endothelial cells. Protein levels of ... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218634 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900348 This study aimed to investigate whether heme induces DNA damage and cell proliferation of colonic epithelial cells via hydrogen peroxide produced by heme oxygenase (HO). We examined the effects of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP; a HO inhibitor) and catalase on DNA damage, cell proliferation, and IL-8 production induced by the addition of hemin (1-10 [mu]M) to human colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells. DNA damage was determined with a comet assay, and cell proliferation was evaluated with 5-bromo-2[prime]-deoxyuridine incorporation assay. Both ZnPP and exogenous catalase inhibited the hemin-induced DNA damage and cell hyperproliferation dose-dependently. IL-8 messenger RNA expression and IL-8 production in the epithelial cells increased following the hemin treatment, but the production was inhibited... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218633 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218633 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900127 Consumption of a diet high in barley [beta]-glucan (BG) has been shown to prevent insulin resistance. To investigate the mechanism for the effects of barley BG, three groups of male 7-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diets containing 0, 2, or 4% of barley BG for 12 wk. The 2% BG and 4% BG groups had significantly lower body weights compared with the 0% BG group. The 4% BG group demonstrated improved glucose tolerance and lower levels of insulin-resistance index and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Consumption of the BG diet decreased hepatic lipid content. Mice on the BG diet also demonstrated decreased fatty acid synthase and increased cholesterol 7[alpha]-hydroxylase gene expression levels. The BG diet promoted hepatic insulin signaling by decreasing serine phosphoryla... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218632 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900316 The Japanese diet is high in soy products and fish. A case-control study was conducted in Japan to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of isoflavones and fatty acids and lung function, breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 278 referred patients aged 50-75 years with COPD diagnosed within the past 4 years, and 340 community-based controls were assessed for respiratory symptoms and undertook spirometric measurements of lung function. A validated food frequency questionnaire was administered face-to-face to obtain information on habitual food consumption. Dietary intakes of isoflavones and fatty acids were derived from the Japanese food composition tables. The COPD patients had significantly lower habitual intakes of isoflavones (genistein... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3218631 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3218631 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900167 We examined the effects of genistein, one of the major soy phytoestrogens, on the activity of noradrenaline transporter (NAT) and serotonin transporter. Treatment with genistein (10 nM-10 [mu]M) for 20 min stimulated [3H]noradrenaline (NA) uptake by SK-N-SH cells. Genistein also stimulated [3H]NA uptake and [3H]serotonin uptake by NAT and serotonin transporter transiently transfected COS-7 cells, respectively. Kinetics analysis of the effect of genistein on NAT activity in NAT-transfected COS-7 cells revealed that genistein significantly increased the maximal velocity of NA transport with little or no change in the affinity. Scatchard analysis of [3H]nisoxetine binding to NAT-transfected COS-7 cells showed that genistein increased the maximal binding without altering the dissociation const... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183950 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900188 In conclusion, in our experimental model, TRPV1 channels are involved in the Fe2+ ion-induced neuronal death and a negative modulation of this channel activity by [alpha]-TP pretreatment may account, at least in part, for the long-lasting neuroprotection against oxidative stress. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183949 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183949 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900218 This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of one of these products, the berries of Vaccinium vitis idaea, as well as to isolate and identify its active constituents using a classical bioassay-guided fractionation approach. Western immunoblot analysis in C2C12 muscle cells revealed that the ethanol extract of the berries stimulated the insulin-independent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The extract mildly inhibited ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption in isolated mitochondria, an effect consistent with metabolic stress and the ensuing stimulation of AMPK. This mechanism is highly analogous to that of Metformin. Fractionation guided by glucose uptake activity resulted in the isolation of ten compounds. The two most active, quercetin-3-O-glycosides, enhanced glucose upta... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183947 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183947 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900276 Proanthocyanidins (PAs) or condensed tannins, a major group of dietary polyphenols, are oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ol and flavan-3, 4-diols widely distributed in plant foods. Most literature data on PAs' metabolic fate deal with PAs that can be extracted from the food matrix by aqueous-organic solvents ( extractable proanthocyanidins). However, there are no data on colonic fermentation of non-extractable proanthocyanidins (NEPAs), which arrive almost intact to the colon, mostly associated to dietary fibre (DF). The aim of the present work was to examine colonic fermentation of NEPAs associated with DF, using a model of in vitro small intestine digestion and colonic fermentation. Two NEPA-rich materials obtained from carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L. proanthocyanidin) and red grapes (... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183946 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183946 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900277 Among the natural products shown to possess chemopreventive and anticancer properties, curcumin is one of the most potent. In the current study, we investigated the effects of this natural product on the growth of human glioma U-87 cells xenografted into athymic mice. We show here that curcumin administration exerted significant anti-tumor effects on subcutaneous and intracerebral gliomas as demonstrated by the slower tumor growth rate and the increase of animal survival time. While investigating the mechanism of its action in vivo, we observed that curcumin decreased the gelatinolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Furthermore, treatment with curcumin inhibited glioma-induced angiogenesis as indicated by the decrease of endothelial cell marker from newly formed vessels and by t... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183945 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183945 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900314 In this study, we first investigated the effects of XN on hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the central mediators of liver fibrogenesis. XN inhibited the activation of primary human HSC and induced apoptosis in activated HSC in vitro in a dose dependent manner (0-20 [mu]M). In contrast, XN doses as high as 50 [mu]M did not impair viability of primary human hepatocytes. However, in both cell types XN inhibited activation of the transcription factor NF[kappa]B and expression of NF[kappa]B dependent proinflammatory genes. In vivo, feeding of XN reduced hepatic inflammation and expression of profibrogenic genes in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These data indicate that XN has the potential as functional nutrient for the prevention or treatment of non-alcoholic ste... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183944 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183944 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900237 Caffeine is the most commonly self-administered psychoactive substance worldwide. At usual doses, the effects of caffeine on vigilance, attention, mood and arousal largely depend on the modulation of central adenosine receptors. The present review article describes the action of caffeine within the striatum, to provide a possible molecular mechanism at the basis of the psychomotor and reinforcing properties of this pharmacological agent. The striatum is in fact a subcortical area involved in sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional processes, and recent experimental findings showed that chronic caffeine consumption enhances the sensitivity of striatal GABAergic synapses to the stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the psychoactive effects of many... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3183942 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3183942 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900143 In this study, we compared the effects of resveratrol and its natural derivatives pterostilbene, trans-resveratrol trimethylether, trans-pinostilbene and trans-desoxyrhapontigenin on androgen-responsive human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. We found that these compounds exert differential effects on LNCaP cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis. Trans-resveratrol trimethylether appeared to be the most potent compound among the stilbenes tested. Treatment of LNCaP cells with trans-resveratrol trimethylether resulted in G2/M blockage while other compounds, including resveratrol, induced G1/S arrest. Moreover, different from other compounds, trans-resveratrol trimethylether induced apoptosis. At the molecular level, the effects of these compounds on cell cycle correlated with induction of the cycl... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169480 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900146 Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy and its inhibition is an effective way to reverse cancer drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated that puerarin, a natural isoflavonoid from Pueraria lobata, down-regulated MDR1 expression in MCF-7/adriamycin (MCF-7/adr), a human breast MDR cancer cell line. Puerarin treatment significantly inhibited MDR1 expression, MDR1 mRNA and MDR1 promoter activity in MCF-7/adr cells. The suppression of MDR1 was accompanied by partial recovery of intracellular drug accumulation, leading to increased toxicity of adriamycin and fluorescence of rhodamine 123, indicating that puerarin reversed the MDR phenotype by inhibiting the drug efflux function of MDR1. Moreover, nuclear factor [kappa]-B activity and I[kappa]B degrada... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169479 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169479 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900186 In conclusion, our results suggest that TAN is able to induce apoptosis in Bcr-Abl+ cells via cell cycle arrest and the induction of the unfolded protein response, and has synergistic cytotoxicity with imatinib. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169478 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900251 Controversial data on the lipid-lowering effect of dietary pea proteins have been provided and the mechanisms behind this effect are not completely understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible hypolipidemic activity of a pea protein isolate and to determine whether pea proteins could affect the hepatic lipid metabolism through regulation of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. Rats were fed Nath's hypercholesterolemic diets for 28 days, the protein sources being casein or a pea protein isolate from Pisum sativum. After 14 and 28 days of dietary treatment, rats fed pea proteins had markedly lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels than rats fed casein (p (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169477 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169477 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900158 The rapid rate of growth of the brain during the last third of gestation and the early postnatal stage makes it vulnerable to an inadequate diet, although brain development continues into adulthood and micronutrient status can influence functioning beyond infancy. Certain dietary deficiencies during the first 2 years of life, for example iodine and iron, create problems that are not reversed by a later adequate diet. It is important that the intake of micronutrients varies greatly between individuals as they are essential for metabolism in general and in particular cell division and hence growth. In developing countries, there is consistent evidence that the adequacy of diet has lasting implications for cognitive development. In particular, attention has been directed to protein-calorie ma... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169476 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900246 Retinoid acid, the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, is a potent signaling molecule in the brains of growing and adult animals, regulates numerous gene products, and modulates neurogenesis, neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a global health problem, yet our knowledge of its effects on behavior and learning is still emerging. Here we review studies that have implicated retinoids in learning and memory deficits of post-embryonic and adult rodent and songbird models. Dietary vitamin A supplementation improves learning and memory in VAD rodents and can ameliorate cognitive declines associated with normal aging. Songbird studies examine the effects of retinoid signaling on vocal/auditory learning and are uniquely suited to study the behavioral effects of V... Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169475 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169475 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200900502 In this addendum to the original article [de Rijke, E., Ruisch, B.J., Bouter, N., König, T., Liquid chromatography with accurate mass measurement on a triple quadrupole mass-spectrometer for the identification and quantification of N-lactoyl ethanolamine in wine, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2006, 50, 351-355] a method is described to demonstrate that no potential cross-contamination from the reference target molecule had given rise to an incorrect positive identification of N-lactoyl ethanolamine in wine. (Source: Molecular Nutrition) Molecular Nutrition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3127923 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3127923