MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Nature Reviews Drug Discovery' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 14:58:30 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316979&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fq7tmpKlghPE%2Fnrd3134 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 186 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3134 Author: Bethan Hughes A pioneer of evidence-based medicine discusses how mathematical models can be used to understand the likely cost and health-care outcomes of therapies. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316979 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316978&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGB7xYLAky98%2Fnrd3133 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 184 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3133 Author: Charlotte Harrison Merck loses Temodar patentThe patent that protects Merck's brain cancer drug Temodar (temozolomide) has been deemed unenforceable by a US district court, largely because of failures to obtain the patent in a timely manner.Temozolomide belongs to a family of tetrazine derivatives that were (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316978 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316977&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FJ6B6jgC8bVw%2Fnrd3132 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 181 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3132 Green light for VictozaThe US FDA has granted approval of Novo Nordisk's long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogue liraglutide (Victoza).The lowdown: The decision to approve liraglutide had been long-awaited since the FDA's Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee met to discuss the (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316977 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316976&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FFxnSFqQoGoI%2Fnrd3131 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 249 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3131 Over the past decade, advances in the RNA field have revealed new opportunities for the development of therapeutics, in particular those based on RNA interference (RNAi). Our two interviewees this month discuss their career progression into roles that investigate these opportunities. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316976 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316975&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FG-dVzPdGlgU%2Fnrd3130 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 178 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3130 Take UK£91 million, plant it into 30 drug discovery projects in academic institutes and in industry, and fertilize regularly with expert advice. What do you get? Bethan Hughes investigates. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316975 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316974&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fm4nwEvra1qE%2Fnrd3129 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 177 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3129 Author: Andy Extance Recent deal-making and promising clinical trial results for antibody-based antibacterial agents highlight the potential of such therapeutics to tackle multidrug resistant bacteria. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316974 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316973&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FuJeicg4fgaM%2Fnrd3128 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 183 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3128 Author: Stephen Mayhew From 2005–2009, there were 306 reported licensing deals between biotechnology and top-20 pharmaceutical companies for R&D assets, compared with 238 during 2000–2004 and 180 during 1995–1999 (Fig. 1a). This represents a period-on-period increase of ∼30% in overall deal volumes, which indicates that large (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316973 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316972&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F4ApG4CoZFdw%2Fnrd3127 Trial watch: SGLT2 inhibitor shows promise in type 2 diabetes Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 182 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3127 Lexicon Pharmaceuticals has reported that LX4211, an inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2; also known as SLC5A2), significantly improved glycaemic control in a Phase II trial of patients with type 2 diabetes.In the study, subjects were sequestered, provided with a controlled diet (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316972 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316971&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FY3JSPuAna2Q%2Fnrd3126 Deal watch: Novartis licenses GenVec's hearing loss programme Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 182 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3126 Novartis has acquired exclusive global rights to GenVec's preclinical hearing loss and balance disorders programme. The programme has been investigating gene therapy to express atonal homologue 1 (ATOH1) in the inner ear to regenerate the sensory hair cells involved in detecting sound and (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316971 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316970&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVNcjmkI8h-E%2Fnrd3125 Authors: Bruce Zuraw, Uma Yasothan & Peter Kirkpatrick In December 2009, ecallantide (Kalbitor; Dyax) — a recombinant protein inhibitor of plasma kallikrein — was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316970 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316969&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FiuM2Qd9DraE%2Fnrd3124 Authors: Shiew-Mei Huang & Janet Woodcock A new report from an international consortium provides comprehensive scientific recommendations for studies of transporter-related drug interactions in drug development. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316969 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316968&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F9jl9a5f3h6A%2Fnrd3123 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 173 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3123 The rising cost of drug research and development (R&D), coupled with patent expirations on blockbuster products and increasingly cost-constrained health-care systems, are posing unprecedented challenges to the future viability of the pharmaceutical industry. In their Analysis article, Paul and colleagues argue that improving R&D productivity (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316968 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316967&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F5k1CCPSJEIA%2Fnrd3122 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 194 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3122 Biotechnologyin vivo (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316967 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316966&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FNLyoj-mE6ak%2Fnrd3121 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 192 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3121 Author: Cristian Bodo Most antidepressants that are currently available take several weeks to exert their effects, and clinical evidence has suggested co-administration of an antagonist of α2-adrenoceptors as a potential strategy to overcome this drawback. However, the mechanisms by which blockade of these receptors accelerates the (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316966 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316965&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FzpjmRbZobCg%2Fnrd3120 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 192 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3120 Author: Katherine Whalley The complexity of brain function makes it difficult to develop simple high-throughput screens to identify drugs that can target nervous system disorders. Two studies have now addressed this problem by using zebrafish larvae to screen for drugs that affect particular behaviours.In both studies, zebrafish (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316965 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316964&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FjpcdX9f-Lr8%2Fnrd3119 Kinase inhibitors: A winning combination against BCR–ABL Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 194 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3119 Author: Monica Hoyos Flight In chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 results in a gene encoding BCR–ABL, a fused deregulated kinase that stimulates cellular proliferation and mediates resistance to apoptosis. Although inhibitors directed against the ATP-binding site of the kinase, such as imatinib (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316964 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316963&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F_TRWqUOX4bY%2Fnrd3118 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 193 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3118 Author: Charlotte Harrison Many tumour cells carry mutations that increase signalling through the PI3K–AKT–mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase–AKT–mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Although rapamycin (also known as sirolimus), which suppresses the kinase activity of mTOR through an allosteric mechanism, is used in cancer therapy it does not fully inhibit either (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316963 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316962&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FvXUKbmTESvE%2Fnrd3117 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 191 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3117 Author: Alexandra Flemming Ongoing threats from infectious diseases such as pandemic influenza, as well as the promise of emerging immunotherapies, are driving the demand for new vaccine platforms. Although traditional protein subunit-based vaccines are safe, they are often poorly immunogenic and expensive to manufacture. Now, Chen and colleagues (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316962 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316961&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FHQiGo8Q9bEw%2Fnrd3097 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 187 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3097 Author: Paul Burn Type 1 diabetes (T1D), also termed juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disease and a metabolic disorder characterized by T-cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. In 2007, it was reported that 437,500 children were affected by T1D worldwide (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316961 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316960&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fb4KSAbxaqQw%2Fnrd3052 Authors: Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), which include gene therapy medicinal products, somatic cell therapy medicinal products and tissue-engineered products, are at the cutting edge of innovation and offer a major hope for various diseases for which there are limited or no therapeutic options. They have (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316960 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316959&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FsKeJ0s5Resk%2Fnrd3050 Authors: Adriano Aguzzi & Tracy O'Connor A growing number of diseases seem to be associated with inappropriate deposition of protein aggregates. Some of these diseases — such as Alzheimer's disease and systemic amyloidoses — have been recognized for a long time. However, it is now clear that ordered aggregation of pathogenic (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316959 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316958&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FV8Xv4jNnMCM%2Fnrd3028 Authors: Membrane transporters can be major determinants of the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles of drugs. This presents several key questions for drug development, including which transporters are clinically important in drug absorption and disposition, and which in vitro methods are suitable for studying drug (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316958 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 14:48:42 +0100 3316958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3316957&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FIys9n-vRCKo%2Fnrd3078 How to improve R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry's grand challenge Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 203 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3078 Authors: Steven M. Paul, Daniel S. Mytelka, Christopher T. Dunwiddie, Charles C. Persinger, Bernard H. Munos, Stacy R. Lindborg & Aaron L. Schacht The pharmaceutical industry is under growing pressure from a range of environmental issues, including major losses of revenue owing to patent expirations, increasingly cost-constrained healthcare systems and more demanding regulatory requirements. In our view, the key to tackling the challenges such issues pose to both (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3316957 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3316957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225754&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F3eCcbzt_QIE%2Fnrd3111 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 171 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3111 Most universities, academic institutions and not-for-profit research organizations now have technology transfer offices that bridge the divide between academia and industry. Our two interviewees this month discuss the career opportunities offered by this discipline. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225754 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225753&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FyBD0rdvGxWU%2Fnrd2957 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 154 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd2957 Author: Alan D. Michelson Antiplatelet therapy has been successful in reducing mortality and morbidity in acute myocardial infarction. Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of the role of platelets in cardiovascular thrombosis have enabled the development of new agents with the potential to further reduce mortality and morbidity. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225753 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225752&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fr17_dFmXfEM%2Fnrd3048 Authors: Rory R. Koenen & Christian Weber Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall that is characterized by a disturbed equilibrium of immune responses and lipid accumulation, leading to the development of plaques. The atherogenic influx of mononuclear cells is orchestrated by chemokines and their receptors. Studies using gene-deficient (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225752 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225749&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FQ61ykIQOUgE%2Fnrd3055 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 107 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3055 Author: Yihai Cao Current pharmacotherapeutic options for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders remain limited and ineffective. Emerging evidence shows that modulators of angiogenesis affect the expansion and metabolism of fat mass by regulating the growth and remodelling of the adipose tissue vasculature. Pharmacological manipulation of adipose tissue (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225749 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225748&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGmDLTpJVP-o%2Fnrd3107 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 106 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3107 Antiviral drugs (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225748 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225747&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FlkLtp74Mkjc%2Fnrd3105 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 106 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3105 Author: Monica Hoyos Flight The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) regulates the hydrolysis of the second messenger cyclic AMP. cAMP is a major intracellular signalling mediator that directly affects the activity of cyclic-nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and gated ion channels. PDE4 represents an attractive target for modulating neuronal activity and (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225747 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225746&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FEUcn985S83M%2Fnrd3104 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 105 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3104 Author: Sarah Crunkhorn Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in many vital cell functions and their dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of various disorders. Pharmacological and genetic studies have highlighted the importance of developing isotype-specific inhibitors of these enzymes. Inhibitors of PI3Ks have entered clinical trials, including (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225746 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225745&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FbGWgpnkZnEw%2Fnrd3106 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 104 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3106 Author: Yvonne Bordon The liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are transcription factors that are important for lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Recent work has suggested that LXR signalling can also regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Now, a study published in Nature Medicine shows that tumour cells (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225745 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225744&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FeBBVMX97PaA%2Fnrd3102 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 104 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3102 Author: Charlotte Harrison A recent paper published in Science has shown that overexpression of the α2A-adrenergic receptor/adrenoceptor (α2A-AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, carriers of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding α2A-AR ( (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225744 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225743&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F6ZpJ8LCoJuw%2Fnrd3103 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 103 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3103 Author: Alexandra Flemming Cancer cells are known to induce an immunosuppressive environment to evade host immune responses. The nucleoside adenosine, which often accumulates in tumours, has been identified as a player in this process by acting as a potent immunosuppressor. Now, Stagg and colleagues present a new strategy (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225743 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225742&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FxO3Qcd379nA%2Fnrd3100 Authors: Michael J. Keating, Argyris Dritselis, Uma Yasothan & Peter Kirkpatrick Ofatumumab (Arzerra; Genmab/GlaxoSmithKline) — a fully human cytolytic monoclonal antibody that is specific for CD20 — was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in October 2009. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225742 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225741&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FpsMcvMh2pXs%2Fnrd3087 Authors: Daan Crommelin, Pieter Stolk, Luc Besançon, Vinod Shah, Kamal Midha & Hubert Leufkens By 2020, current scientific, business and social challenges and developments — such as R&D productivity, increased regulatory stringency and ageing populations — are likely to substantially affect many aspects of the pharmaceutical sciences. Here, we present four potential future scenarios based on discussions with experts (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225741 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225740&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FKQ7PcL4g6WI%2Fnrd3110 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 98 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3110 Author: Bethan Hughes The Chairman and former Chief Executive Officer of Novartis discusses the company's approach to R&D. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225740 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225739&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FjndnRftqZZQ%2Fnrd3109 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 96 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3109 Author: Charlotte Harrison A longer life for US patentsThe US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) has ruled that the way in which the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) was calculating extensions of a patent lifespan to compensate for delays in issuing the patent (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225739 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225738&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FClE2RKtTBww%2Fnrd3114 Deal watch: M&A activity in 2009 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 95 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3114 Author: Josef Walker In 2009, the landscape of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by the top 50 pharmaceutical companies (ranked by sales in 2008) was dominated by mega-mergers, with three deals exceeding the US$40 billion mark. Beyond these deals there was significant, if smaller, activity, with 21 of these (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225738 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225737&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F_sFUIil8vuc%2Fnrd3113 Deal watch: Dipping into Incyte's JAK-pot Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 94 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3113 Incyte has entered into two large licensing deals for their JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors INCB28050 and INCB18424. In late December 2009, the worldwide rights to INCB28050, which is in mid-stage trials for rheumatoid arthritis, were acquired by Eli Lilly for US$90 million upfront, with up to $665 (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225737 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225736&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F7WZKgwoE0rU%2Fnrd3112 Deal watch: Celgene acquires Gloucester Pharmaceuticals, gaining approved HDAC inhibitor Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 94 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3112 Celgene has acquired Gloucester Pharmaceuticals for US$340 million upfront and up to $300 million in milestones. Through the deal, Celgene gains Gloucester's romidepsin (Istodax), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which was approved by the FDA in November 2009 to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225736 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225735&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FHuaScpp7jLg%2Fnrd3108 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 93 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3108 Open-access drug discovery database launchedThe Wellcome Trust has announced the launch of ChEMBLdb, a database that contains chemogenomic data on over 520,000 small molecules.The lowdown: In July 2008, the Wellcome Trust awarded a 5-year, UK£4.7 million grant to transfer chemogenomics data from (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225735 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225734&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FD-3TJsAzq70%2Fnrd3101 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 89 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3101 Author: Bethan Hughes In a year in which regulators and drug companies gained familiarity with risk management strategies, the number of new drug approvals was similar to that in 2008. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225734 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225733&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F22qagjXCgFE%2Fnrd3099 Authors: Jackie Hunter & Susie Stephens The current, fully integrated business model of large pharmaceutical companies is increasingly considered to be unsustainable, and so new approaches that engage large and small companies, governments and academic institutions are needed. Could 'open innovation' models that have proved successful in other sectors be fruitfully (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225733 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225732&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FT_VC1jIITIU%2Fnrd3098 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 85 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3098 The growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, together with a decline in the discovery of new antibiotic classes, has led to concerning limitations in the treatment options for serious bacterial infections. However, as reviewed by Rasko and Sperandio, increased understanding of bacterial virulence mechanisms is (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225732 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 14:19:42 +0100 3225732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225751&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fh8RIL87itv0%2Fnrd2958 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 129 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd2958 Author: R. M. du Bois Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and most lethal diffuse fibrosing lung disease, with a mortality rate that exceeds that of many cancers. Recently, there have been many clinical trials of novel therapies for IPF. The results have mostly been disappointing, although two (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225751 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225750&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FIza3pR03bqg%2Fnrd3013 Authors: David A. Rasko & Vanessa Sperandio Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. However, the increasing understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and intercellular communication has revealed many potential strategies to develop novel drugs to treat bacteria-mediated disease. Interference with bacterial virulence and/or cell-to-cell signalling pathways is an (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225750 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130929&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fy0M8oKbissI%2Fnrd2988-c1 Authors: M. Soledad Cepeda, Victor S. Lobanov, Michael Farnum, Rachel Weinstein, Peter Gates, Dimitris K. Agrafiotis, Paul Stang & Jesse A. Berlin Electronic health databases have become extremely valuable resources for pharmaco-epidemiological and translational research, as noted in the recent Perspective article, Beyond debacle and debate: developing solutions in drug safety (Nature Rev. Drug Discov.8, 775–779; 2009). Through these (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130929 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130928&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FnNw-BgMV72k%2Fnrd2546-c1 Authors: Timothy Coté, Aditya Kelkar, Kui Xu, M. Miles Braun & M. Ian Phillips As highlighted in a recent News Feature, Rare incentives (Nature Rev. Drug Discov.7, 190–191; 2008), 2008 saw the 25th anniversary of the US Orphan Drug Act (ODA), which was promulgated in recognition of the economic (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130928 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130927&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F9ArXmVijylY%2Fnrd3096 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 83 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3096 Author: Ly Jatkoe (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130927 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130926&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FgBjmY9H_Mtg%2Fnrd3095 Market watch: Upcoming market catalysts in Q1 of 2010 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 11 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3095 Author: Jesse Rosenthal In the first 3 months of 2010, the US FDA is expected to make a decision on marketing applications for several drugs that could advance treatment in their respective indications. Two of these drugs — a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonist and an inhalable (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130926 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130925&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FR0PtY_Ariog%2Fnrd3094 Deal watch : BMS acquires rights for IL-6 inhibitor Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 10 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3094 Bristol–Myers Squibb (BMS) has entered a potential ∼US$1 billion agreement with Alder Biopharmaceuticals involving Alder's lead drug ALD518, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for interleukin-6 (IL-6) that has successfully completed a Phase IIa trial for rheumatoid arthritis.Through the deal, which involves an upfront payment (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130925 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130924&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FwBkzH8wO8iM%2Fnrd3093 Trial watch: Antisense agent reduces LDL–cholesterol levels in high-risk patients Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 10 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3093 A Phase III trial of the antisense agent mipomersen in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia has demonstrated a 25% reduction (versus 3% for placebo) in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–cholesterol after 26 weeks of treatment.Mipomersen — which is being developed by Genzyme and Isis (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130924 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130923&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F8mbLbtbTTms%2Fnrd3092 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 3 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3092 Inconclusive initial results from a pioneering risk-sharing scheme in the UK to provide cost-effective access to novel drugs for multiple sclerosis illustrate the challenges of such strategies. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130923 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130922&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FCmkHhHfgTpQ%2Fnrd3091 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 1 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3091 Since the discovery of gene silencing by small interfering RNAs, there has been considerable investment in therapeutically applying this technology, with clinical trials now in progress for several diseases. However, progression into the clinic has been hampered by a lack of target specificity, leading to (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130922 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130921&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F6GYLlZyeFeg%2Fnrd3090 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 14 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3090 Author: Bethan Hughes The Executive Vice President of R&D at Sanofi–Aventis discusses the company's R&D strategy. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130921 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130920&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FR78oMphPfMg%2Fnrd3089 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 83 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3089 The potential of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells to aid understanding of diseases and offer novel therapeutic strategies is providing new career opportunities in academia and industry, as highlighted by our two interviewees this month. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130920 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130919&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FKabPim6pvwE%2Fnrd3088 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 9 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3088 Database of cancer uncertainties launchedThe UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has launched a new database that aims to identify and prioritize future cancer research across Europe.The lowdown: In conjunction with the CoCanCPG (Coordination of Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130919 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130918&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FeXbUVRGwNOE%2Fnrd3086 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 5 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3086 Bethan Hughes highlights some of the past year's key trends and events — from health-care reform to pharmaceutical company mega-mergers. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130918 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130917&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Flsfvk_nc3vI%2Fnrd3085 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 22 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3085 Gene therapy (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130917 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130916&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F2mCXPHIKnmw%2Fnrd3084 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 22 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3084 Author: Claudia Wiedemann The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques (aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ)) and fibrillar tangles (aggregates of tau). Mitochondrial dysfunction has also been recognized as being part of the AD pathology, but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. Eckert and (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130916 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130915&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FXogDSPzDB5I%2Fnrd3083 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 19 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3083 Author: Alexandra Flemming The 'holy grail' of immunology is to find the right tools to precisely direct immune responses into desired directions — arming the immune system to destroy cancer cells, or calming it to stop tissue destruction in autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells (TRegs) have (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130915 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130914&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FJTBvzA-P5pQ%2Fnrd3082 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 20 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3082 Author: Monica Hoyos Flight Activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease that inhibits coagulation and regulates anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways. APC has been approved for use in adults with severe sepsis and is in clinical trials for stroke. It has also been shown to have neuroprotective (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130914 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130913&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-HxrrAoLkAU%2Fnrd3081 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 21 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3081 Author: Sarah Crunkhorn Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes that affects up to 100 million people each year. Infection can be life-threatening, and there are currently no available vaccines or antiviral therapies. Writing in PNAS, Yin and colleagues describe a novel adenosine analogue that (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130913 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130912&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FToUDFQmieDQ%2Fnrd3080 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 20 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3080 Author: Charlotte Harrison One of the most common methods to increase the in vivo half-life of therapeutic proteins is pegylation — the attachment of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. Writing in Nature Biotechnology, Schellenberger and colleagues describe a new method to increase drug half-life — fusion (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130912 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130911&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fj-bZ70ubdks%2Fnrd3077 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 12 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3077 EPO rejects reach through claimsThe Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) has rejected a patent application (WO 0119776) from Bayer Schering Pharma that contained so-called reach through claims — that is, claims related to future inventions based on the invention (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130911 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130910&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FI8x757fB90U%2Fnrd3075 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 15 (2010). doi:10.1038/nrd3075 Author: Shane Storey Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are the leading cause of viral death in infants, although RSV-related mortality has decreased since the development and approval of prophylactic antibodies. RSV also causes bronchiolitis, pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in the elderly, which lead to (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130910 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130909&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FKjzWF8UrBxg%2Fnrd3073 Authors: Ronald M. Bukowski, Uma Yasothan & Peter Kirkpatrick In October 2009, pazopanib (Votrient; GlaxoSmithKline) — a multikinase inhibitor with targets that include vascular endothelial growth factor receptors — was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130909 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130908&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F1trysCjZWg4%2Fnrd3010 Authors: Aimee L. Jackson & Peter S. Linsley Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used to study gene function owing to the ease with which they silence target genes, and there is considerable interest in their potential for therapeutic applications. In a remarkably short time since their discovery, siRNAs have entered human clinical (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130908 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130907&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F9l9HCeo6x9o%2Fnrd2997 Authors: Meir Bialer & H. Steve White Since the early 1990s, many new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that offer appreciable advantages in terms of their favourable pharmacokinetics, improved tolerability and lower potential for drug–drug interactions have entered the market. However, despite the therapeutic arsenal of old and new AEDs, approximately 30% of patients (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130907 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130906&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F7XgJrkXtD7Q%2Fnrd2897 Authors: Lawrence Rajendran, Hans-Joachim Knölker & Kai Simons Many drug targets are localized to particular subcellular compartments, yet current drug design strategies are focused on bioavailability and tissue targeting and rarely address drug delivery to specific intracellular compartments. Insights into how the cell traffics its constituents to these different cellular locations could improve (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130906 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:02:41 +0100 3130906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130905&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FC0YkA4rwJ5M%2Fnrd3054 Authors: John E. Ladbury, Gerhard Klebe & Ernesto Freire Recognition of the limitations of high-throughput screening approaches in the discovery of candidate drugs has reawakened interest in structure-based and other rational design methods. Here, we describe how isothermal titration calorimetry can be used to obtain thermodynamic data on the binding of compounds to protein (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130905 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3130905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130904&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FfSaNtDqAwLQ%2Fnrd3011 Authors: Eric Wagner & Michael M. Frank The complement system is an essential component of innate immunity that has been more recently recognized as an unexpected player in various pathological states. These include age-related macular degeneration, atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, allergy, foetal loss, and axonal and myelin degradation after trauma. Its importance (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130904 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3130904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041169&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FJ9CbP-iT37U%2Fnrd3072 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 924 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3072 Author: Charlotte Harrison Gene patents can be challengedA ruling by a US district court means that patents that cover human genes can be challenged in US courts. The case centres on patents that cover human breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) and BRCA2 genes, (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041169 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041168&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FBUuzflj2JXE%2Fnrd3071 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 921 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3071 Trio of recent anticancer drug approvalsThe FDA has approved pazopanib (Votrient; GlaxoSmithKline) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ofatumumab (Arzerra; Genmab/GlaxoSmithKline) for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and romidepsin (Istodax; Gloucester Pharmaceuticals) for cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).The lowdown: Pazopanib, a small molecule that (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041168 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041167&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fqv-JckD2ewM%2Fnrd3070 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 919 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3070 Author: Bethan Hughes Establishing a common language for the stakeholders in stratified medicine — including drug developers, diagnostic companies, regulators and payers — could help tackle the complex challenges posed by biomarker-based drug development. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041167 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041166&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fl1eiJGqgpGs%2Fnrd3069 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 917 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3069 Author: Andy Extance Modulating RNA transcription and translation might help address some of the genetic mutations underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041166 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041165&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FcbhEMnYTyvg%2Fnrd3068 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 915 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3068 An analysis of the past 60 years of pharmaceutical innovation suggests potential strategies to tackle the R&D productivity issues that underlie the latest wave of industry consolidation. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041165 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041164&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FHqCYfAwxIQk%2Fnrd3067 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 913 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3067 Although spending on drug research and development (R&D) has increased substantially in recent decades, the number of new drugs being approved each year has not. To investigate this issue, an article this month by Munos analyses data on new drugs approved by the US Food (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041164 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041163&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FpFVLKK5CHKk%2Fnrd3066 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 1003 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3066 Imaging technologies are increasingly being applied to aid translational research — for example, by allowing drug–target interactions to be monitored in clinical trials. Our two interviewees this month describe their careers in this field. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041163 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041162&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FYgDFdnmdN9s%2Fnrd3065 Deal watch: Trends in platform technology deal-making Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 923 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3065 Authors: Josef Walker & Jansen Jacob A recent analysis by PharmaVentures shows that the number of deals related to platform technologies has increased by over 20% compared with the previous 12-month period, from 168 (October 2007–September 2008) to 205 (October 2008–September 2009). This is in contrast to the total number of (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041162 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041161&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fl4C7dV0b9fk%2Fnrd3064 Deal watch: Novartis acquires marketing rights for novel broad-spectrum antibiotic Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 922 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3064 Novartis has signed an agreement with Paratek Pharmaceuticals that entitles Novartis to the worldwide rights to market PTK0796 — a novel broad-spectrum antibiotic capable of fighting multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The agreement involves an upfront payment of an undisclosed amount from Novartis, with Paratek eligible to (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041161 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041160&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FZGz_O2m33wE%2Fnrd3063 Deal watch: Alcon licenses complement pathway inhibitor for macular degeneration Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 922 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3063 The eye-care company Alcon Research has entered into licensing and purchase option agreements with Potentia Pharmaceuticals to develop Potentia's leading drug candidate — a complement pathway inhibitor known as POT-4 — for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The financial terms of the deal (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041160 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041159&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FDL1QABxWwrs%2Fnrd3062 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 926 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3062 Author: Charlotte Harrison The Commissioner for Patents at the United States Patent and Trademark Office discusses the challenges that he faces as he takes up his new appointment. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041159 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041158&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fbsj7QVK0aVE%2Fnrd3061 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 934 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3061 Alzheimer's disease (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041158 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041157&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F3SgWxjiyThY%2Fnrd3060 Cancer: A Ras and NF-κB pas de deux Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 932 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3060 Author: Emily J. Chenette Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Small-molecule inhibitors that target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have shown some clinical success; however, mutations in KRAS, which are detected in 20–30% of NSCLC adenocarcinomas, render these therapeutics mostly (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041157 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041156&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FMyb79Cvr10E%2Fnrd3059 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 933 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3059 Author: Alexandra Flemming The concept of 'magic bullets' — drugs with high specificity for their target — was introduced by Paul Ehrlich almost 100 years ago. Since then, it has become clear that most drugs exhibit some degree of polypharmacology, with off-target effects that can contribute to unwanted (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041156 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041155&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FDFxdOXmT4Kk%2Fnrd3058 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 931 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3058 Author: Katie Kingwell The importance of certain key properties of molecules, such as molecular mass and lipophilicity, for their potential to be suitable drug candidates has been increasingly appreciated since the publication of Lipinski's 'Rule of 5' guidelines on limits for these drug-like properties in 1997. However, as (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041155 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041154&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FrtJ2oZsoYFM%2Fnrd3057 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 934 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3057 Author: Monica Hoyos Flight Antidotes provide a direct way to counteract acute adverse effects of a drug; for example, protamine can be used to combat bleeding due to administration of the anticoagulant heparin. However, the rational design of antidotes is challenging and costly, so they are not available for (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041154 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041153&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FkBZIsWSCycs%2Fnrd3056 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 932 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3056 Author: Charlotte Harrison When seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs; also known as G protein-coupled receptors) are activated by agonists, they can trigger two cellular signalling pathways: a classical G protein-coupled pathway and a more recently discovered G protein-independent pathway involving β-arrestins. A recent paper in Science Translational Medicine has (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041153 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041152&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FWm4GOxJISuI%2Fnrd3051 Authors: G. Ralph Corey, Martin E. Stryjewski, Wim Weyenberg, Uma Yasothan & Peter Kirkpatrick In September 2009, telavancin (Vibativ; Theravance/Astellas Pharma), a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of adult patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041152 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041151&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTrTvMdkqLXE%2Fnrd3049 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 927 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3049 Author: Michael Goodman It is generally well appreciated that the pharmaceutical industry has entered a period of revenue underperformance. However, the severity of this underperformance, even when measured against diminished expectations, might not be as well understood.To investigate this, we used consensus sell-side forecasts, our proprietary databases, (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041151 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041150&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fb67SD0ZYYKY%2Fnrd2983 Authors: Heike Wulff, Neil A. Castle & Luis A. Pardo The human genome encodes 40 voltage-gated K+ channels (KV), which are involved in diverse physiological processes ranging from repolarization of neuronal and cardiac action potentials, to regulating Ca2+ signalling and cell volume, to driving cellular proliferation and migration. K (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041150 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041149&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F8MmCB9r0CLc%2Fnrd2961 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 959 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2961 Author: Bernard Munos Despite unprecedented investment in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D), the number of new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) remains low. To help understand this conundrum, this article investigates the record of pharmaceutical innovation by analysing data on the companies that (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041149 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041148&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FoCVGdX_MEw8%2Fnrd2945 Authors: Georgina S. Butler & Christopher M. Overall Proteomics has revealed that many proteins are present in unexpected cellular locations. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that proteins can translocate between intracellular and extracellular compartments in non-conventional ways. This increases gene pleiotrophy as the diverse functions of the protein that the gene encodes are (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041148 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 14:37:08 +0100 3041148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941002&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FmlX2vcWW2g8%2Fnrd3047 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 840 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3047 The President and Chief Executive Officer of the Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron discusses the institute's multidisciplinary approach to innovation. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941002 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2941002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941001&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F3jka64uV7Ts%2Fnrd3046 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 838 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3046 Author: Charlotte Harrison Drug metabolite claims are patentableLaws of nature and natural phenomena are not patentable, but new useful processes or compositions are. So, where does a test that includes methods based on the measurement of drug metabolites fit in? Is drug metabolism a natural process? These (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941001 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2941001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2941000&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FJxGsMyDfn3A%2Fnrd3045 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 835 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3045 Mixed results for first delayed-start trial in Parkinson's diseaseA clinical trial that was designed to examine the possibility that rasagiline (Azilect/Agilect; Teva/Lundbeck) has disease-modifying effects in Parkinson's disease has shown varying results.The lowdown: To date, no treatments for Parkinson's disease have been (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2941000 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2941000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940999&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FoIvM3bqyWa8%2Fnrd3044 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 833 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3044 Author: Dan Jones Phase III trial results for three anti-obesity therapies suggest that they meet at least some of the efficacy benchmarks for regulatory approval, although questions remain about the value of the benefits offered. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940999 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940998&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FEvh6D6Ciik8%2Fnrd3043 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 831 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3043 Author: Bethan Hughes With five novel oral therapies in late-stage development, there could soon be a wide range of treatment options for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, but better biomarkers are needed to more effectively address the challenge of treating progressive forms of the disease. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940998 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940997&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FsyUf90tm24s%2Fnrd3042 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 829 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3042 An FDA initiative to enable companies to discuss options for future trial design following completion of early-stage trials could have an important role in addressing the high costs and failure rates of pivotal clinical trials. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940997 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940996&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F8ng57Plmdls%2Fnrd3041 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 827 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3041 Unmet medical need and commercial potential are considered to be key drivers of novel drug discovery, but identifying disease areas for which scientific understanding is improving substantially could also have a valuable role in guiding the focus of R&D investment. In their Analysis article, Agarwal (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940996 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940995&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGYKy_6lDFu0%2Fnrd3040 Market watch: Sales of biologics to show robust growth through to 2013 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 837 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3040 Author: Michael Goodman AVOS Life Sciences has analysed the revenue contributions of biologics and small-molecule drugs to the major Rx drug portfolios (MRDP) of the 14 large-cap pharmaceutical companies. MRDP is the collection of branded drugs that are each predicted to achieve at least US$500 million in annual (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940995 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940994&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fp7DZTCkfSkk%2Fnrd3039 Trial watch: CGRP receptor antagonist meets Phase III migraine end points Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 836 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3039 Merck has announced that the antagonist of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor telcagepant has met the primary end points in two Phase III trials to treat migraine, which is characterized by attacks of intense throbbing head pain that can last from 4 to 72 (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940994 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940993&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FsVUl0KZBbPY%2Fnrd3038 Deal watch: Nektar in US$1.5 billion licensing deal with AstraZeneca Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 836 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3038 Nektar Therapeutics — a company focused on drug development based on advanced polymer conjugate technology — has announced a licensing deal with AstraZeneca for two compounds to combat opioid-induced constipation. Under the deal, Nektar will receive an upfront payment of US$125 million and up to (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940993 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940992&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FnmKKEpHcRPg%2Fnrd3037 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 848 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3037 Antibacterial drugs (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940992 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940991&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fl9ZgCYUgk6c%2Fnrd3036 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 847 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3036 Author: Charlotte Harrison A recent paper in the Journal of Neuroscience has shown that inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) — enzymes that affect the acetylation status of histones and regulate the remodelling of chromatin — have antidepressant actions.Although currently used antidepressants rapidly modulate monoaminergic systems in (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940991 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940990&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FY5hg8181DhQ%2Fnrd3035 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 846 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3035 Author: Monica Hoyos Flight Identifying broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) against HIV, which recognize most manifestations of this highly mutable virus, is important in achieving the elusive goal of developing a viable HIV vaccine. However, although the BNAbs that have been identified are effective in primate models of HIV, they (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940990 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940989&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FqNv1pTTgTzc%2Fnrd3034 Cancer: CpG–siRNA deals double blow to tumours Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 847 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3034 Author: Alexandra Flemming Tumours can avert an immune response and boost their own growth by inducing the expression of immunosuppressive, angiogenic and growth factors in neighbouring cells. Reporting in Nature Biotechnology, Kortylewski and colleagues now present a new strategy to alter the balance in the tumour microenvironment (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940989 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940988&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F1F92Gr6xuuA%2Fnrd3033 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 845 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3033 Author: Katie Kingwell The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to enter into a non-replicating state that is not strongly affected by standard antibiotics necessitates long treatment regimens, leading to poor patient compliance that can promote the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Reporting in Nature, Lin and colleagues show (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940988 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940987&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FJ-0qyqHxbDk%2Fnrd3032 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 848 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3032 Author: Sarah Crunkhorn Bile acids, which contribute to the emulsification and digestion of lipid-soluble nutrients following a meal, are increasingly appreciated as also having important roles in metabolic signalling pathways. Writing in Cell Metabolism, Thomas and colleagues identify an agonist of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940987 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940986&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FA938e79xaTs%2Fnrd3029 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 911 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3029 The translation of nanotechnology-based therapies and products from the laboratory to the clinic requires a multidisciplinary approach. Our two interviewees this month discuss their roles in bringing together diverse groups of scientists to achieve this goal. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940986 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940985&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FMW9O4mfl8oY%2Fnrd3027 Authors: Herbert Y. Meltzer, Argyris Dritselis, Uma Yasothan & Peter Kirkpatrick In August 2009, asenapine (Saphris; Schering–Plough) was approved by the US FDA for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940985 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940984&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FjSauMbuUh7Y%2Fnrd3026 Authors: Hedwig Kresse & Holger Rovini The market for seasonal influenza vaccines, sized at US$2.8 billion in 2008–2009 across the seven major markets (United States, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK), has had a strong compound annual growth rate of 12.6% since 2005–2006 (Ref. 1). In recent years, the (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940984 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940983&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FUxY_kUlg98g%2Fnrd2999 Authors: Laura K. Chico, Linda J. Van Eldik & D. Martin Watterson Protein kinases are a growing drug target class in disorders in peripheral tissues, but the development of kinase-targeted therapies for central nervous system (CNS) diseases remains a challenge, largely owing to issues associated specifically with CNS drug discovery. However, several candidate therapeutics that target CNS (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940983 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940982&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FG6mH6lXZxuA%2Fnrd2973 Authors: Pankaj Agarwal & David B. Searls Drug discovery must be guided not only by medical need and commercial potential, but also by the areas in which new science is creating therapeutic opportunities, such as target identification and the understanding of disease mechanisms. To systematically identify such areas of high scientific activity, (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940982 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940981&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FRGslM8VTyHY%2Fnrd2960 Authors: Dominique Mazier, Laurent Rénia & Georges Snounou Almost all the drugs that are widely used today against Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria, target the asexual blood stages of the parasite. Widespread drug resistance severely restricts our ability to control malaria and makes it necessary to seek novel antimalarial compounds. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940981 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:03:02 +0100 2940981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041147&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FWyepK1ybuhM%2Fnrd3031 Authors: Liqing Wang, Edwin F. de Zoeten, Mark I. Greene & Wayne W. Hancock Classical zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse the removal of acetyl groups from histone tails and also from many non-histone proteins, including the transcription factor FOXP3, a key regulator of the development and function of regulatory T cells. Many HDAC inhibitors are in cancer clinical trials, (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041147 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3041147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2940980&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FH9GlR1-IR1o%2Fnrd2972 Authors: Timothy N. C. Wells, Pedro L. Alonso & Winston E. Gutteridge Despite being one of the most prevalent tropical diseases, for many years malaria was not a commercial priority for the pharmaceutical industry. However, in response to the emergence and spread of resistance to the available antimalarial drugs, there has been a renaissance in the discovery (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2940980 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2940980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3041146&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTeKQ5TNO84w%2Fnrd3025 Authors: John Orloff, Frank Douglas, Jose Pinheiro, Susan Levinson, Michael Branson, Pravin Chaturvedi, Ene Ette, Paul Gallo, Gigi Hirsch, Cyrus Mehta, Nitin Patel, Sameer Sabir, Stacy Springs, Donald Stanski, Matthias R. Evers, Edd Fleming, Navjot Singh, Tony Tramontin & Howard Golub Declining pharmaceutical industry productivity is well recognized by drug developers, regulatory authorities and patient groups. A key part of the problem is that clinical studies are increasingly expensive, driven by the rising costs of conducting Phase II and III trials. It is therefore crucial to (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3041146 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3041146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848180&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FRX06tzutqVw%2Fnrd3023 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 774 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3023 Author: Monica Hoyos Flight Advances in the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells have enabled researchers to produce patient-specific cell lines bearing the hallmarks of particular genetic disorders, which can be used to both model the disorder and determine the efficacy of candidate drugs. Writing (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848180 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848179&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTlePryDjfGs%2Fnrd3022 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 772 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3022 Author: Gemma Ryan Although self-reactive T cells can escape deletion in the thymus, they are controlled in the periphery by mechanisms that induce tolerance, such as clonal anergy, by which T cells become unresponsive following suboptimal stimulation. The heterodimeric transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) is required for (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848179 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848178&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FyBi7uG6NtsQ%2Fnrd3021 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 755 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3021 With mandatory clinical trial registration now in place for most novel therapeutic interventions, key questions remain on how to maximize the potential benefits of the enhanced transparency that this provides. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848178 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848177&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FdJru1z4rRus%2Fnrd3020 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 753 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3020 In response to high-profile drug safety issues in recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on improving the understanding of the safety profile of drugs, both during development and post-approval. Two Perspective articles this month consider the associated challenges and present potential approaches to (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848177 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848176&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTd39ONr9MnE%2Fnrd3019 Trial watch: Mixed results for novel CD20-targeted antibody Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 762 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3019 The results of Phase III trials of the CD20-targeted human monoclonal antibody (mAb) ofatumumab in rheumatoid arthritis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) dampen hopes on the potential of the drug to achieve the success of the pioneering CD20-targeted mAb rituximab (Rituxan/MabThera; Genentech/Roche/Biogen Idec).Rituximab, a chimeric (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848176 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848175&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F3HMkCbsWCpA%2Fnrd3018 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 760 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3018 NICE responds to report on the value of innovationThe UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has published its response to the independent report 'Appraising the Value of Innovation'.The lowdown: The report was commissioned by NICE in January 2009 in (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848175 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848174&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FinM_cChycIc%2Fnrd3017 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 764 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3017 Author: Charlotte Harrison Ariad challenges written-description doctrineThe US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) has agreed to rehear a case between Ariad and Lilly over Ariad's patent (US 6,410,516) that claims methods of inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in cells. Earlier this (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848174 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848173&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FSEVykr9EKmM%2Fnrd3016 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 758 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3016 Author: Bethan Hughes The growing body of evidence that patients with lung cancer with particular mutations in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor are more likely to have a better treatment response to gefitinib emphasizes the need for companies to identify the right patients for targeted (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848173 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848172&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FNmiWggR8HWY%2Fnrd3015 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 757 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3015 Author: Alisa Opar FDA committee recommends Amgen's denosumab, for the treatment, but not prevention, of bone loss, while Lilly decides not to submit arzoxifene for regulatory review after 5-year trial. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848172 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848171&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FPnZ-WoSC5gM%2Fnrd3014 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 766 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3014 Genentech's Vice President of Neuroscience discusses the company's renewed interest in the area. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848171 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848170&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FM3Fj13hsQgA%2Fnrd3009 Deal watch : Santhera licenses novel dyskinesia therapy to Biovail Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 762 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3009 Biovail Laboratories has signed an agreement with Santhera Pharmaceuticals, entitling Biovail to the US and Canadian rights to develop and commercialize fipamezole (also known as JP-1730), for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. The agreement involves an upfront payment of US$8 million from (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848170 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848169&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FUnPQD5phmh4%2Fnrd3008 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 772 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3008 Author: Sarah Crunkhorn Pharmacogenomic analysis is being increasingly investigated for its potential to personalize drug therapy. However, accumulating evidence indicates that factors such as underlying disease, nutrition and gut microbial activity, also have an important role in modulating drug metabolism and response. Now, writing in PNAS, Clayton (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848169 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848168&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FFmVylbJ4rTI%2Fnrd3007 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 774 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3007 Cancer (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848168 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848167&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FxcXAy0poiTc%2Fnrd3006 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 771 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3006 Author: Katie Kingwell The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) typically has two phases: relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), which is characterized by acute autoimmune attacks on the central nervous system (CNS) followed by complete recovery, and secondary progressive MS (SPMS), in which there is progressive and irreversible damage to the (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848167 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848166&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FiZkBZxIPu7Q%2Fnrd3005 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 773 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3005 Author: Charlotte Harrison Fibrosis — the development of excess connective tissue owing to activation of myofibroblasts — is a key process in the pathophysiology of conditions such as lung injury and kidney disease. Two recent papers in PNAS and Nature Medicine highlight potential new targets for (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848166 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848165&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-1gvtC4RV1s%2Fnrd3004 Market watch: Upcoming market catalysts in Q4 2009 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 763 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3004 Author: Ly Jatkoe Key events related to several novel drugs are anticipated in the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2009. One of the most interesting new agents is denosumab (developed by Amgen), a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL; also (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848165 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848164&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-qf6h5RKaUo%2Fnrd3001 Neuroscience R&D Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 825 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd3001 Central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia present substantial unmet treatment needs. Our two interviewees this month discuss their roles in academia and industry helping to translate research in neuroscience into novel therapies for such disorders. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848164 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848163&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGEJJmNg7Fec%2Fnrd2998 Authors: Richard L. Page, Bashar Hamad & Peter Kirkpatrick In July 2009, dronedarone (Multaq; Sanofi–Aventis), an anti-arrhythmic agent, was approved by the US FDA to reduce the risk of cardiovascular hospitalization in patients with atrial fibrillation. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848163 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848162&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVDhXKAQ2UBo%2Fnrd2996 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 767 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2996 Author: Irena Melnikova Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and dermal inflammation that vary in severity, from minor, localized patches to complete body coverage. It affects ∼2–3% of the population, making it one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases worldwide, and can be associated (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848162 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848161&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fn6KQ2Iahdlc%2Fnrd2959 Authors: Kurt R. Brunden, John Q. Trojanowski & Virginia M.-Y. Lee Neuronal inclusions comprised of the microtubule-associated protein tau are found in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, commonly known as tauopathies. In Alzheimer's disease — the most prevalent tauopathy — misfolded tau is probably a key pathological agent. The recent failure of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics in Phase III clinical (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848161 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848160&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fbet-LJYe1mU%2Fnrd2875 Authors: John D. Imig & Bruce D. Hammock The cardiovascular effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) include vasodilation, antimigratory actions on vascular smooth muscle cells and anti-inflammatory actions. These endogenous lipid mediators are broken down into diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and so inhibiting this enzyme would be expected to enhance the beneficial (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848160 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2848159&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FaRX3KREkCQI%2Fnrd2137 Authors: Bin-Bing S. Zhou, Haiying Zhang, Marc Damelin, Kenneth G. Geles, Justin C. Grindley & Peter B. Dirks The hypothesis that cancer is driven by tumour-initiating cells (popularly known as cancer stem cells) has recently attracted a great deal of attention, owing to the promise of a novel cellular target for the treatment of haematopoietic and solid malignancies. Furthermore, it seems that tumour-initiating (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2848159 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:29:32 +0100 2848159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825967&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FfFhfwrp2L9s%2Fnrd2995 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 687 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2995 Amgen's bone drug recommended by committeeThe FDA's advisory committee for reproductive-health drugs voted in favour of the use of denosumab (Amgen) to treat bone loss in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and in patients undergoing hormone ablation for prostate cancer, but not its use in (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825967 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825966&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FwgUjqM-Wz54%2Fnrd2994 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 685 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2994 With the first therapeutic cancer vaccine to be approved in the United States or European Union eagerly awaited, Dan Jones investigates the challenges of developing such products. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825966 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825965&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fui_pU63JRe8%2Fnrd2993 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 683 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2993 Author: Bethan Hughes The UK government's plan to define criteria by which new medicines could qualify for a pilot 'Innovation Pass' programme highlights recent discussions in Europe on the value of innovation. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825965 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825964&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FBSdlfqJkCy4%2Fnrd2992 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 681 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2992 It is increasingly recognized that a key barrier to advancing cancer treatment is the time and resources needed for the initiation and completion of clinical trials of anticancer drugs. How might these challenges be addressed? (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825964 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825963&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FXZq4_snDDA4%2Fnrd2991 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 679 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2991 Pre-competitive collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and the public domain are becoming increasingly common in bioinformatics, in part owing to a growing appreciation that a large amount of bioinformatics data alone does not provide a substantial competitive advantage, and that enhanced public data resources could benefit (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825963 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825962&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F5yrRqxsKelY%2Fnrd2990 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 690 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2990 Author: Charlotte Harrison Conception is the touchstone of inventionScientific research is very much a team effort, usually involving collaborations between researchers at different institutions and, quite often, movement of collaborators between laboratories. But this can create problems when deciding whom to credit for specific work — be (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825962 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825961&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F1U-7twllZjg%2Fnrd2989 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 692 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2989 The Chairman of the UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence discusses the UK's payer environment. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825961 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825960&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FBgZQWhlUP9k%2Fnrd2987 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 751 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2987 Charities and foundations are having an increasing impact on therapeutic R&D. Our two interviewees this month discuss their different roles: identifying research priorities for Parkinson's disease and new targets for cancer therapies. (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825960 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2825959&cid=s_32561_13_f&fid=32561&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnrd%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FaEJ8RwiOWbw%2Fnrd2986 Market watch: Sales trends by therapeutic area: 2008–2013E Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8, 689 (2009). doi:10.1038/nrd2986 Author: Michael Goodman AVOS Life Sciences has analysed the revenue contribution of each therapeutic area to the major Rx drug portfolios (MRDP; the collection of branded drugs that are each predicted to achieve at least US$500 million in annual sales) of the 14 large-cap pharmaceutical companies (see Supplementary (Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2825959 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:26:57 +0100 2825959