MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Nature Reviews Immunology' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 13:39:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303513&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fbzk3J6cbHg0%2Fnri2728 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 215 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2728 Author: Maria T. Abreu Nature Reviews Immunology10, 131–144 (2010); published online 25 January 2010; corrected after print 2 February 2010In the version of the article initially published, figure 1 depicted Paneth cells at the base of the crypt in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303513 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303512&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Ff7erTA4YXUE%2Fnri2741 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 153 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2741 The bone marrow could be considered to be the immune system's safe house — being a secure location, suitable for lying low and staying out of harms way. Indeed, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can safely lie dormant in specialized bone marrow niches, being aroused from (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303512 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303511&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGlSv1vURUuA%2Fnri2740 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 155 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2740 Autoimmunity (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303511 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303510&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F0VBDfZRz4Gg%2Fnri2739 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 157 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2739 Author: Lucy Bird Peptidoglycan from the gut microbiota enhances systemic innate immune function. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303510 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303509&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fb8EOW6hqMJc%2Fnri2738 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 158 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2738 Author: Lucy Bird Antibody binding to activating FcγRs establishes a pro-tumour environment (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303509 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303508&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F5hu8pMY20v4%2Fnri2737 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 158 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2737 Author: Yvonne Bordon IL-21 receptor signalling by B cells prolongs germinal centre response. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303508 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303507&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fg8CquvopD3U%2Fnri2736 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 156 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2736 Four new studies show the ever-increasing complexity of vaccine approaches that are being developed to increase immunogenicity, improve safety and decrease production costs.Perhaps the 'simplest' approach to vaccination is to use the whole microorganism, which contains both the protective antigen or antigens and natural (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303507 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303506&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fw4vC9h0FEYc%2Fnri2726 Authors: Andreas Trumpp, Marieke Essers & Anne Wilson Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mouse bone marrow are located in specialized niches as single cells. During homeostasis, signals from this environment keep some HSCs dormant, which preserves long-term self-renewal potential, while other HSCs actively self renew to maintain haematopoiesis. In response to haematopoietic stress, (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303506 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303505&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTTjTCbT4iHU%2Fnri2724 Authors: Adrian J. Thrasher & Siobhan O. Burns The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton that is required for many haematopoietic and immune cell functions, including effective migration, phagocytosis and immune synapse formation. Loss of WASP activity leads to Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, an X-linked disease that is associated (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303505 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303504&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FROqJO_ulqck%2Fnri2710 Authors: Lora V. Hooper & Andrew J. Macpherson Humans harbour nearly 100 trillion intestinal bacteria that are essential for health. Millions of years of co-evolution have moulded this human–microorganism interaction into a symbiotic relationship in which gut bacteria make essential contributions to human nutrient metabolism and in return occupy a nutrient-rich environment. Although (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303504 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 13:38:09 +0100 3303504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303503&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FtCATZiAXsTA%2Fnri2734 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 156 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2734 Author: Yvonne Bordon Platelet-derived microparticles express IL-1 and promote joint inflammation. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303503 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303502&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FO2EDGnDX5ok%2Fnri2733 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 155 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2733 Author: Yvonne Bordon Virus-induced IFNs cause TH2 cells to gain TH1-type functions. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303502 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303501&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FOM_bz87Nxxw%2Fnri2732 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 154 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2732 Author: Kirsty Minton CD8+ lineage specification requires cytokine but not TCR signalling. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303501 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303500&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FixI8HYtmyg4%2Fnri2731 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 156 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2731 Author: Olive Leavy FOXO regulates AMP expression in response to starvation and disrupted insulin signalling. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303500 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303499&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FdndVV2KCTxE%2Fnri2725 Authors: Jurg Tschopp & Kate Schroder The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that activates caspase 1, leading to the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a wide range of danger signals that derive not (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303499 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303498&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FnzRtXdQQqH8%2Fnri2727 Authors: Koji Tokoyoda, Anja E. Hauser, Toshinori Nakayama & Andreas Radbruch Immunological memory is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. Plasma cells and memory B and T cells collectively provide protective immunity and effective secondary immune responses to invading pathogens. Here, we discuss how mesenchymal stromal cells regulate immunological memory by organizing defined numbers of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303498 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303497&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FMO1a3NUxJz0%2Fnri2711 Authors: Margarida Saraiva & Anne O'Garra Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, has a central role in infection by limiting the immune response to pathogens and thereby preventing damage to the host. Recently, an increasing interest in how IL10 expression is regulated in different immune cells has revealed some (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303497 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3303497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205485&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FkDAdI1LdD04%2Fnri2723 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 84 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2723 NK cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205485 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205484&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F6QZgledfv2Q%2Fnri2722 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 83 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2722 Neuroimmunology (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205484 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205483&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FYeaDV_W3pxQ%2Fnri2721 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 88 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2721 Author: Yvonne Bordon Recent vaccine trial data provided hope in the fight against swine flu by suggesting that a single dose of vaccine, and not two doses as initially thought, is sufficient to confer protection against the pandemic H1N1 strain of influenza virus (Nature Rev. Immunol., (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205483 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205482&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FKvZmYN4weYU%2Fnri2720 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 79 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2720 Several articles this month look at the inputs to and outputs from innate immune cells that determine their instructive role in shaping adaptive immune responses.The recognition of cytoplasmic DNA by innate immune cells is important for defence against viruses and many types of bacteria. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205482 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205481&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FsBo3FYW7X2w%2Fnri2719 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 84 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2719 Author: Yvonne Bordon Non-classical MHC present diverse peptides to alert CD8+ T cells to sick cells. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205481 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205480&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FvvE08FbQpYs%2Fnri2718 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 82 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2718 Author: Lucy Bird Scavenger receptor CD36 drives TLR heterodimer assembly and inflammatory signalling. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205480 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205479&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FnClFqYBqpcw%2Fnri2717 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 87 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2717 Author: Kirsty Minton A molecular alarm call for peripheral tissue antigen genes in mTECs. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205479 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205478&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FV_ACfnnEra0%2Fnri2716 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 86 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2716 Author: Kirsty Minton How does mTOR integrate signals from antigen, costimulatory and cytokine receptors in CD8+ T cells? (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205478 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205477&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FgDXi0kBQZKA%2Fnri2715 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 86 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2715 Author: Nicola McCarthy Igh 3′ regulatory region functions from afar to activate translocated oncogenes. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205477 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205476&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FoVf7oV12-bA%2Fnri2714 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 83 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2714 Author: Yvonne Bordon T cell TLR4 upregulates phosphatases to block TCR signals and prevent colitis. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205476 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205475&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FN-yfUsV3nTU%2Fnri2713 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 88 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2713 Author: Yvonne Bordon Tumour-derived LXR ligands inhibit CCR7 expression and block DC functions. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205475 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205474&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FzVNLhuDCb64%2Fnri2712 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 84 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2712 Author: Rachel David Bacterial effector protein that induces immune suppression identified. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205474 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205473&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FM0NBVD1FVpE%2Fnri2709 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 85 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2709 Author: Olive Leavy A new adipose tissue-associated TH2-type innate lymphocyte population identified. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205473 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205472&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FV0hBdSh_nJk%2Fnri2708 Authors: Ryan M. O'Connell, Dinesh S. Rao, Aadel A. Chaudhuri & David Baltimore Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression, and they function by repressing specific target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Now, studies of miRNAs are resolving some unsolved issues in immunology. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs have unique expression (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205472 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205471&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fez-d8RU-DVQ%2Fnri2707 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 131 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2707 Author: Maria T. Abreu A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small and large intestines and functions as a barrier between commensal bacteria and the rest of the body. Ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on intestinal epithelial cells by bacterial products promotes epithelial cell proliferation, secretion of IgA (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205471 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205470&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FaigX1158Iaw%2Fnri2705 Authors: Bart O. Roep & Mark Peakman Approximately 5% of people in developed countries suffer from 1 of ∼80 classified autoimmune diseases. The sheer scale of the clinical problem captures the interests of health policy makers, academics, funding bodies and pharmaceutical companies in equal measure. In recent decades, immunologists have gained a (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205470 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205469&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FHX83jvx1uzw%2Fnri2690 Authors: Veit Hornung & Eicke Latz The recognition of nucleic acids is one strategy by which cells can detect infectious agents. As life is ultimately determined by the existence of nucleic acids, this defence strategy has evolved in many different organisms and operates effectively in many different cell types. Here, we (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205469 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205468&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FqpfqRNFcXcU%2Fnri2673 Authors: Maria Yazdanbakhsh & David L. Sacks To ensure successful transmission and establish chronic infection, parasites must evade the host's immune system and delay the development of immunity. Maria Yazdanbakhsh and David Sacks discuss how this might be achieved. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205468 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 13:38:13 +0100 3205468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205467&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FDDZTpCeQEAc%2Fnri2692 Authors: Foo Y. Liew, Nick I. Pitman & Iain B. McInnes Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly described member of the IL-1 family, is expressed by many cell types following pro-inflammatory stimulation and is thought to be released on cell lysis. The IL-33 receptor, consisting of ST2 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein, is also widely expressed, particularly by (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205467 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3205466&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVxl3HZGb4RQ%2Fnri2691 Authors: John E. Sims & Dirk E. Smith Over recent years it has become increasingly clear that innate immune responses can shape the adaptive immune response. Among the most potent molecules of the innate immune system are the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family members. These evolutionarily ancient cytokines are made by and act on innate (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3205466 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3205466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112217&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FXRupI4Pcwvk%2Fnri2706 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 1 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2706 With the beginning of another year, it seems appropriate to go back to the beginning of time to explore the evolutionary roots of our immune system. Insights gained from an evolutionary perspective contribute to our understanding of the function, and possible dysfunction, of innate and (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112217 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112216&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FviBaiQ2fad8%2Fnri2704 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 6 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2704 Author: Olive Leavy Memory TH1 and TH17 cells arise from different infection routes and differ in longevity. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112216 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112215&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fx2AQ5yYp5WQ%2Fnri2703 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 7 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2703 Author: Gemma Ryan More than simple molecule clustering needed for signal transduction. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112215 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112214&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FrZnCN_mZPGA%2Fnri2702 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 10 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2702 Author: Lucy Bird Eli Sercarz, who died 3 November 2009 at the age of 75, was “one of the most highly esteemed immunologists in the world” said Jonathan Braun, of University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), USA, where Sercarz spent most of his career (Los Angeles Times (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112214 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112213&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FD2fIxA35Dlo%2Fnri2701 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 6 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2701 T cells+ (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112213 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112212&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FQh6J_EcAhMg%2Fnri2700 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 5 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2700 Macrophages (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112212 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112211&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTs8zGG0Pqeo%2Fnri2699 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 6 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2699 Author: Lucy Bird High virus-induced mortality among the elderly blamed on exaggerated IL-17 responses. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112211 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112210&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FsiKsockE7C4%2Fnri2698 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 8 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2698 Author: Olive Leavy Maternal exposure to farm-associated bacteria may protect offspring from asthma (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112210 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112209&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F9v2FfU8sgbE%2Fnri2697 Chemokines: A class apart — uncovering a role for the C-chemokine Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 5 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2697 Author: Yvonne Bordon XCL1 chemoattracts CD8+ DCs and promotes antigen cross-presentation. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112209 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112208&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FH1-zAigGQvc%2Fnri2696 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 8 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2696 Author: Lucy Bird Pro-inflammatory protein PDCD4 targeted by microRNA tempers LPS toxicity. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112208 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112207&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fw_7PiyW8KVQ%2Fnri2695 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 9 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2695 Author: Yvonne Bordon Neutrophils are found to produce interleukin-10 in response to bacterial stimuli. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112207 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112206&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FxzN9whSGDZo%2Fnri2694 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 4 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2694 Author: Kirsty Minton A potential mechanism for the pulmonary complications of autoimmune diseases. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112206 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112205&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FrBMIRTSjahE%2Fnri2693 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 10 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2693 Author: Andrew Jermy Commensal staphylococci on the skin help limit potentially harmful inflammation. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112205 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112204&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FHJvAj4oW26U%2Fnri2689 Authors: Javier E. Irazoqui, Jonathan M. Urbach & Frederick M. Ausubel The genetically tractable model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was first used to model bacterial virulence in vivo a decade ago. Since then, great strides have been made in identifying the host response pathways that are involved in its defence against infection. Strikingly, C. elegans (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112204 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112203&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTkKOOvKlvgQ%2Fnri2688 Authors: Arup K. Chakraborty & Jayajit Das T cells are activated when extracellular stimuli, such as a ligand binding to the T cell receptor, are converted into functional outputs by the T cell signalling network. T cell receptor signalling is a highly complex, stochastic and dynamic process involving many interacting proteins. This (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112203 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112202&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FlvRM1KETjLs%2Fnri2686 Authors: Max D. Cooper & Brantley R. Herrin Learning from the similarities and differences between phylogenetic branches. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112202 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112201&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FRF-wdx7ONz4%2Fnri2685 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 24 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2685 Author: Paul Anderson Transcriptional control mechanisms chart the course of the inflammatory response by synthesizing mRNAs encoding proteins that promote or inhibit inflammation. Because these mRNAs can be long-lived, turning off their synthesis does not rapidly stop or change the direction of inflammation. Post-transcriptional mechanisms that modify mRNA (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112201 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 13:38:24 +0100 3112201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112200&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FuFPoKG-JRuo%2Fnri2687 Authors: Marcus Groettrup, Christopher J. Kirk & Michael Basler When cells are stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, most of their constitutively expressed proteasomes are replaced with immunoproteasomes, which increase the production of peptides for presentation on MHC class I molecules. In addition, cortical thymic epithelial cells selectively express a type of proteasome known as the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112200 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112198&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FOe780Q_UeVw%2Fnri2674 Authors: Andrew J. McMichael, Persephone Borrow, Georgia D. Tomaras, Nilu Goonetilleke & Barton F. Haynes The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies that arise following a mucosal infection are usually derived from a single transmitted virus. Moreover, the finding (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112198 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3112199&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FguTFpfwRgGU%2Fnri2675 Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 36 (2010). doi:10.1038/nri2675 Author: Ira Tabas A key event in atherosclerosis is a maladaptive inflammatory response to subendothelial lipoproteins. A crucial aspect of this response is a failure to resolve inflammation, which normally involves the suppression of inflammatory cell influx, effective clearance of apoptotic cells and promotion of inflammatory cell egress. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3112199 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3112199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023824&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FikIljbX-Qs4%2Fnri2684 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 820 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2684 Innate immunity (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023824 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023823&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FrMGHHfDQrH8%2Fnri2683 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 819 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2683 HIV (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023823 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023822&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F1n5oS1ci-lk%2Fnri2682 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 822 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2682 Author: Olive Leavy Clinical and epidemiological data indicate a link between inflammation and cancer, and although the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is thought to have an important role in this link, the molecular pathways involved are not known. A study published in Cell now describes a (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023822 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023821&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F5l2ouydZcbM%2Fnri2681 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 820 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2681 Author: Kirsty Minton The identification of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) as a self antigen for human natural killer T (NKT) cells indicates that these cells might be stimulated by physiological lipid signalling pathways to carry out their homeostatic immunoregulatory functions.The semi-invariant T cell receptors of NKT cells recognize lipid (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023821 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023820&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FTIV4U7imppo%2Fnri2680 Immune synapses: TCR–CD3 recycling to the synapse Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 820 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2680 Author: Francesca Cesari When naive T cells encounter antigen-presenting cells (APCs), membrane and cytoplasmic molecules rearrange at the T cell–APC contact area to form the immune synapse. Finetti et al. now reveal an unexpected role for the intraflagellar transport (IFT) mechanism — a process that mediates ciliary (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023820 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023819&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Ff4J0JuYgXRE%2Fnri2679 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 818 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2679 Author: Katrina Ray The human gut is home to trillions of commensal microorganisms, and we are beginning to understand how these microorganisms interact with, and influence, the host immune system. New research published in Immunity and Cell now reveals that a specific commensal species, segmented filamentous (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023819 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023818&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FPcLqydf45e0%2Fnri2678 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 822 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2678 Author: Lucy Bird The ability to self-renew is an essential feature of progenitor cells and is usually lost on differentiation. However, Aziz et al. now report that the deletion of two transcription factors linked to monocyte differentiation could confer limitless self-renewal capacity to mature differentiated macrophages. Surprisingly, (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023818 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023817&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F8QPpOncyscs%2Fnri2677 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 817 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2677 Every month of 2009, we have been proud to provide comprehensive and up-to-date Reviews of the 'hottest' developments across all aspects of immunology. This month is no exception, covering topics that range from the role of endolysosomal proteases in host defence (p871) to (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023817 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023816&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FBOscbrd5GEk%2Fnri2676 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 819 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2676 Author: Olive Leavy Several transmembrane and cytoplasmic receptors that specifically recognize distinct types of nucleic acid and activate innate immune responses have been described. Now, Taniguchi and colleagues show that high-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins act as universal sensors of nucleic acids upstream of these receptors and are (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023816 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023815&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVqJWABF416s%2Fnri2671 Authors: Phillip I. Bird, Joseph A. Trapani & José A. Villadangos The cellular endolysosomal compartment is dynamic, complex and incompletely understood. Its organelles and constituents vary between different cell types, but endolysosomal proteases are key components of this compartment in all cells. In immune cells, these proteases function in pathogen recognition and elimination, signal processing and (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023815 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023814&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FEd555QNE0qI%2Fnri2670 Authors: Bana Jabri & Ludvig M. Sollid Coeliac disease is an inflammatory disorder with autoimmune features that is characterized by destruction of the intestinal epithelium and remodelling of the intestinal mucosa following the ingestion of dietary gluten. A common feature of coeliac disease and many organ-specific autoimmune diseases is a central role (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023814 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023813&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FB-eo7yTqvzI%2Fnri2669 Authors: Ludger Klein, Maria Hinterberger, Gerald Wirnsberger & Bruno Kyewski Understanding how thymic selection imparts self-peptide–MHC complex restriction and a high degree of self tolerance on the T cell repertoire requires a detailed description of the parameters that shape the MHC ligand repertoire of distinct thymic antigen-presenting cells and of how these cells communicate with (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023813 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023812&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FEj0HWnzXNYU%2Fnri2660 Authors: Casey T. Weaver & Robin D. Hatton The origins of the adaptive immune system and the basis for its unique association with vertebrate species have been a source of considerable speculation. In light of recent advances in our understanding of the developmental and functional links between the induced regulatory T cell and (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023812 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023811&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FmMrJXIvuCyo%2Fnri2657 Authors: Kensuke Takada & Stephen C. Jameson The peripheral naive T cell pool is fairly stable in number, diversity and functional competence in the absence of vigorous immune responses. However, this apparent tranquillity is not an intrinsic property of T cells but involves continuous tuning of the T cell pool composition by (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023811 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023810&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FjXePmMg24xg%2Fnri2637 Authors: Carola G. Vinuesa, Iñaki Sanz & Matthew C. Cook In germinal centres, somatic hypermutation and B cell selection increase antibody affinity and specificity for the immunizing antigen, but the generation of autoreactive B cells is an inevitable by-product of this process. Here, we review the evidence that aberrant selection of these autoreactive B cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023810 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 13:37:13 +0100 3023810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023809&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FOdz0IfYZDfI%2Fnri2672 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 821 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2672 Author: Katrina Ray The innate immune response against bacteria that reside in the mammalian cell cytoplasm is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that cytoplasmic bacteria are coated with ubiquitin and that bacterial growth is restricted by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), but the biological significance of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023809 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3023809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917226&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FtAXNNpH8vSk%2Fnri2668 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 755 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2668 Author: Olive Leavy An announcement, by researchers from the US Army and Thailand, at a recent press conference of the first positive results from an HIV vaccine trial was met with media fanfare but cautious optimism from scientists.The RV 144 vaccine, which combines two vaccines (ALVAC and (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917226 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917225&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FKBQ0mSAU-Os%2Fnri2667 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 754 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2667 Immune tolerance (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917225 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917224&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FjEtLGHCK86w%2Fnri2666 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 752 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2666 Innate immunity (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917224 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917223&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FY4h8fYfWFyQ%2Fnri2665 Immunotherapy: CpG–siRNA deals double blow to tumours Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 753 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2665 Author: Alexandra Flemming Tumours can avert an immune response and boost their own growth by inducing the expression of immunosuppressive, angiogenic and growth factors by neighbouring cells. Reporting in Nature Biotechnology, Kortylewski and colleagues now present a new strategy to alter the balance in the tumour microenvironment (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917223 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917222&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F8LgbOlQu_Wo%2Fnri2664 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 749 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2664 Immunologists have become more adept at distinguishing different types of B and T cell, leading to new questions about the functions and differentiation pathways of these cells. Understanding how these phenotypes arise and interact holds the promise of more effective immunotherapies and vaccines with fewer (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917222 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917221&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FviH7pXpKo8c%2Fnri2663 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 752 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2663 Author: Lucy Bird A study involving real-time imaging of effector T cells provides new insight into how autoreactive T cells interact with cerebral structures and access the central nervous system (CNS) to cause autoimmune disease.Flügel and colleagues induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats with intravenous injection of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917221 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917220&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fr3gYegHGmmo%2Fnri2662 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 755 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2662 Author: Ruth Williams As far as the immune system is concerned, the gut is full of bacterial friends and foes: commensal microorganisms must be tolerated, whereas pathogens must be expelled. At the front line, maintaining this balance, are dendritic cells (DCs). Two groups reporting in Immunity have (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917220 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917219&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVNCMDkdWNwY%2Fnri2656 Authors: Shiv Pillai & Annaiah Cariappa Bone marrow-derived B cells make an important cell fate choice to develop into either follicular B cells or marginal zone B cells in the spleen, which depends on signalling through the B cell receptor, Notch2, the receptor for B cell-activating factor and the canonical nuclear (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917219 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917218&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F9dxtlEAZlPw%2Fnri2655 Regulation of tissue homeostasis by NF-κB signalling: implications for inflammatory diseases Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 778 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2655 Author: Manolis Pasparakis The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway regulates immune responses and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Given the well established pro-inflammatory functions of NF-κB, inhibition of this pathway would be expected to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, recent studies in mouse models have (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917218 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917217&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGNbC-EwfiKk%2Fnri2653 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 799 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2653 Author: Jerrold R. Turner Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. These cells establish a barrier between sometimes hostile external environments and the internal milieu. However, mucosae are also responsible for nutrient absorption and waste secretion, which require a selectively permeable barrier. These functions place the mucosal epithelium at (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917217 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917216&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F_yEnqDpFbSw%2Fnri2644 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 757 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2644 Author: Cecile King The seminal studies characterizing T follicular helper (TFH) cells described a non-polarized CD4+ T cell population with a unique ability to home to B cell follicles and to induce antibody production by B cells. In the past few years, the study (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917216 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 12:37:59 +0100 2917216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917215&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-_lBX1PvXjc%2Fnri2661 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 751 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2661 Author: Olive Leavy Weak interactions between T cell receptors (TCRs) and self-peptide–MHC complexes induce positive selection of double-positive thymocytes in the thymus. Naturally occurring self peptides involved in positive selection have been identified only for CD8+ T cells. Now, two papers published in Nature Immunology (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917215 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917214&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FCWfEbJFvDs0%2Fnri2659 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 754 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2659 Author: Kirsty Minton Regulatory T (TReg) cells provide tailor-made control of the immune response, according to new research by Alexander Rudensky and colleagues. Effector CD4+ T cells differentiate into functionally distinct T helper (TH) cell populations — TH1, TH (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917214 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917213&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FFDSVoVe_0pk%2Fnri2658 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 752 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2658 Author: Gemma Ryan During infection, draining lymph nodes undergo growth and remodelling to facilitate the interactions between immune cells. These morphological changes in the lymphoid tissue are thought to be induced by cytokines released at the site of immune challenge; however, it is not known how the cytokines (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917213 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917212&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fx9bX3hNqY9g%2Fnri2638 Authors: Joost B. Beltman, Athanasius F. M. Marée & Rob J. de Boer The visualization of the dynamic behaviour of and interactions between immune cells using time-lapse video microscopy has an important role in modern immunology. To draw robust conclusions, quantification of such cell migration is required. However, imaging experiments are associated with various artefacts that can affect (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917212 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917211&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FsLT-nI5Fi8A%2Fnri2654 Authors: Jeffrey A. Bluestone, Charles R. Mackay, John J. O'Shea & Brigitta Stockinger In 1986, Robert Coffman and Timothy Mossman first described the division of CD4+ T cells into functional subsets, termed T helper 1 (TH1) and TH2, based on cytokine production, and in doing so unwittingly opened a Pandora's box of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917211 Tue, 06 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829356&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fn60urKsPw6c%2Fnri2652 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 673 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2652 Inflammation (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829356 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829355&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FoDgK_9xjiro%2Fnri2651 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 676 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2651 Eagerly anticipated early results from vaccine trials provide hope that millions of people could be protected against the pandemic H1N1 strain of influenza virus before infection rates are expected to peak later this year. The two studies, published in The New England Journal of Medicine (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829355 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829354&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fp0-NUvxMLE4%2Fnri2650 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 672 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2650 Author: Lucy Bird Patients with Alzheimer's disease who have common bacterial infections suffer greater memory loss, claims a recent study published in Neurology. The effect is said to be linked to increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) caused by systemic inflammation.Previous research (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829354 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829353&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FameTB4ym6f0%2Fnri2649 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 672 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2649 Author: Lucy Bird New research published in Cancer Cell suggests that tumour-associated neutrophils can have antitumorigenic ('N1') or protumorigenic ('N2') functions, a plasticity that has been well described for M1 and M2 macrophage subsets. It is suggested that the presence of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829353 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829352&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FokGUe4tcYpE%2Fnri2648 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 669 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2648 Although vaccines are key to the control of several infectious diseases, vaccinologists are still struggling to develop an effective vaccine against HIV. Indeed, despite preclinical studies of potential HIV vaccines in non-human primates showing effective protection against simian immunodeficiency virus, no protection was observed when (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829352 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829351&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F66jp6tEvqy8%2Fnri2647 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 677 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2647 Author: Gemma Ryan Although self-reactive T cells can escape deletion in the thymus, they are controlled in the periphery by mechanisms that induce tolerance, such as clonal anergy, by which T cells become unresponsive following suboptimal stimulation. The heterodimeric transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) is required for (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829351 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829350&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVbVetAFt3uY%2Fnri2646 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 677 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2646 Author: Olive Leavy Two-photon microscopy has been used in recent years to visualize the complexity of immune cell interactions in vivo. Now, Robey and colleagues provide further insights into these dynamic interactions during pathogen recall responses.The authors used a model of Toxoplasma gondii infection in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829350 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829349&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FX8VOIRBLO0o%2Fnri2645 γδ T cells: Innate source of IL-17 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 671 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2645 Author: Lucy Bird Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been the subject of a great deal of recent research, mainly as the cytokine that characterizes the CD4+ T helper cell subset known as TH17 cells. Now, two studies published in Immunity show that γδ T cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829349 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829348&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-CKUnBc4Ltg%2Fnri2640 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 676 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2640 Author: Ruth Williams When an invading pathogen meets a dendritic cell (DC) it is greeted by several cell surface receptors that work together to tailor a fitting immune response. A new report published in Nature Immunology reveals how one receptor creates further specificity by altering cytokine production (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829348 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829347&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FVAKT5qWtXDQ%2Fnri2636 Authors: Devon J. Shedlock, Guido Silvestri & David B. Weiner Rhesus macaques are an important animal model for the study of human disease and the development of vaccines against HIV and AIDS. HIV vaccines have been benchmarked in rhesus macaque preclinical challenge studies using chimeric viruses made up of parts of HIV and simian immunodeficency (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829347 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829346&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fu3kWq9Bm6ks%2Fnri2635 Authors: Carl H. June, Bruce R. Blazar & James L. Riley Cell-based therapies with various lymphocyte subsets hold promise for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer and disease resulting from inflammation and infection. The ability to genetically engineer lymphocyte subsets has the potential to improve the natural immune response and correct impaired immunity. In this (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829346 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829345&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F8qKAVPzZLJU%2Fnri2634 Authors: Ruslan Medzhitov & Tiffany Horng Inflammation is a multicomponent response to tissue stress, injury and infection, and a crucial point of its control is at the level of gene transcription. The inducible inflammatory gene expression programme — such as that triggered by Toll-like receptor signalling in macrophages — is comprised (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829345 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2829345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815333&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FbX5h9wRX1Hw%2Fnri2633 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2633 Regulatory T cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815333 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2815333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815332&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fe3MJWjsv3CM%2Fnri2632 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 601 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2632 I (Elaine Bell) was privileged to join Nature Publishing Group in January 2001 as the launch Editor for Nature Reviews Immunology, and in October 2001, following a nine-month gestation, we published our first issue — and yes, it felt very similar to one's thoughts (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815332 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2815332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815331&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FL8PXp0-hrDc%2Fnri2631 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 604 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2631 Author: Rachel David It is well documented that there are considerable differences in HIV-1 disease progression between men and women, with women progressing significantly faster to AIDS than men with the same viral load. Meier et al. now show that this might be partially due to differential (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815331 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2815331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815330&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FFluavhcBY0g%2Fnri2627 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 603 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2627 Author: Olive Leavy In two papers published recently in Cell, Irving Weissman and colleagues identify an important role for CD47 in protecting circulating haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors (HSPCs) from phagocytosis. They also show that targeting CD47, which is constitutively upregulated on self-renewing leukaemia stem (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815330 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2815330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815329&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Foy84M8pJiXc%2Fnri2621 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 657 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2621 Author: Michael P. Cancro The B cell receptor (BCR) and the receptor for B cell-activating factor (BAFFR) have complementary roles in B cells: BCR signals provide a cell-intrinsic measure of suitability for negative or positive selection, whereas BAFFR responds to homeostatic demands based on a cell-extrinsic measure of the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815329 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2815329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815328&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FHoq0GdouBY4%2Fnri2607 Authors: Victor Nizet & Randall S. Johnson Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important transcriptional regulator of cell metabolism and the adaptation to cellular stress caused by oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). Phagocytic cells have an essential role in innate immune defence against pathogens and this is a battle that takes place mainly in the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815328 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 16:04:57 +0100 2815328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829343&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FiD-d_Y4BiGI%2Fnri2643 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 674 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2643 Author: Kirsty Minton In keeping with their name, natural killer (NK) cells can have direct cytotoxic effects on virus-infected cells when stimulated through activating receptors. But signalling through such receptors can also result in NK cell proliferation. Christine Biron and colleagues now show that the resulting increase in (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829343 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829342&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-spiyymcEag%2Fnri2642 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 675 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2642 Author: Rachel David Commensal gut bacteria have many beneficial effects for the host, including competition with pathogens and induction of the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Now, Benson et al. add another function to this list by showing that the gut microbiota acts as an adjuvant to (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829342 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829341&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FjRRgGF0c8z0%2Fnri2641 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 672 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2641 Author: Christiaan van Ooij Although every breath we take contains thousands of fungal spores, these spores do not trigger an immune response. Latgé and colleagues, writing in a recent issue of Nature, show that the surface hydrophobin (RodA) that forms the rodlet layer around fungal spores (the conidia) (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829341 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829340&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FSvQjXEJQ4A4%2Fnri2629 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 741 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2629 Author: Bali Pulendran Despite their great success, we understand little about how effective vaccines stimulate protective immune responses. Two recent developments promise to yield such understanding: the appreciation of the crucial role of the innate immune system in sensing microorganisms and tuning immune responses, and advances in systems (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829340 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829339&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FhRWte-wjdG0%2Fnri2622 Authors: Frank O. Nestle, Paola Di Meglio, Jian-Zhong Qin & Brian J. Nickoloff Human skin and its immune cells provide essential protection of the human body from injury and infection. Recent studies reinforce the importance of keratinocytes as sensors of danger through alert systems such as the inflammasome. In addition, newly identified CD103+ dendritic cells are (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829339 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829338&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FBR71P56wZqY%2Fnri2639 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 674 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2639 Author: Olive Leavy Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (TReg) cells are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is required for their suppressive function. Although much is known about the mechanisms of FOXP3-mediated gene (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829338 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829337&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F-wEiJM5_wMk%2Fnri2620 Authors: Peter F. Zipfel & Christine Skerka The complement system is important for cellular integrity and tissue homeostasis. Complement activation mediates the removal of microorganisms and the clearance of modified self cells, such as apoptotic cells. Complement regulators control the spontaneously activated complement cascade and any disturbances in this delicate balance can (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829337 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727857&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2633 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2633 Regulatory T cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727857 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 11:42:06 +0100 2727857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727856&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2632 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 601 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2632 I (Elaine Bell) was privileged to join Nature Publishing Group in January 2001 as the launch Editor for Nature Reviews Immunology, and in October 2001, following a nine-month gestation, we published our first issue — and yes, it felt very similar to one's thoughts (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727856 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 11:42:06 +0100 2727856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727855&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2631 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 604 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2631 Author: Rachel David It is well documented that there are considerable differences in HIV-1 disease progression between men and women, with women progressing significantly faster to AIDS than men with the same viral load. Meier et al. now show that this might be partially due to differential (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727855 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 11:42:06 +0100 2727855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727854&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2627 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 603 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2627 Author: Olive Leavy In two papers published recently in Cell, Irving Weissman and colleagues identify an important role for CD47 in protecting circulating haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors (HSPCs) from phagocytosis. They also show that targeting CD47, which is constitutively upregulated on self-renewing leukaemia stem (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727854 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 11:42:06 +0100 2727854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727853&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2621 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 657 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2621 Author: Michael P. Cancro The B cell receptor (BCR) and the receptor for B cell-activating factor (BAFFR) have complementary roles in B cells: BCR signals provide a cell-intrinsic measure of suitability for negative or positive selection, whereas BAFFR responds to homeostatic demands based on a cell-extrinsic measure of the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727853 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 11:42:06 +0100 2727853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727852&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2607 Authors: Victor Nizet & Randall S. Johnson Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important transcriptional regulator of cell metabolism and the adaptation to cellular stress caused by oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). Phagocytic cells have an essential role in innate immune defence against pathogens and this is a battle that takes place mainly in the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727852 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 11:42:06 +0100 2727852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815327&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FMAm5XAmS3a8%2Fnri2630 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 607 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2630 Author: Lucy Bird Recent research by three independent groups reveals an important link between T cells and metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Alterations in the composition of T cell populations that infiltrate adipose tissue are shown to influence the development of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance. The studies (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815327 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815326&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FEWUNvJ0igbo%2Fnri2628 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2628 Author: Kirsty Minton When a migratory natural killer (NK) cell encounters a potential target cell, it must stop and integrate signals from various sensory inputs to decide whether to proceed with a cytolytic response. Daniel Davis and colleagues show how the formation of a lytic synapse between an (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815326 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815325&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FGoaRJ7L5Df0%2Fnri2623 Authors: Grant McFadden, Mohamed R. Mohamed, Masmudur M. Rahman & Eric Bartee The specificity of a given virus for a cell type, tissue or species — collectively known as viral tropism — is an important factor in determining the outcome of viral infection in any particular host. Owing to the increased prevalence of zoonotic infections and the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815325 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815324&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FeNxBeqkVoOY%2Fnri2606 Authors: Victor L. J. Tybulewicz & Robert B. Henderson Rho family GTPases, and the proteins that regulate them, have important roles in many cellular processes, including cell division, survival, migration and adhesion. Although most of our understanding of these proteins has come from studies using cell lines, more recent gene targeting studies in mice (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815324 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727851&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2630 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 607 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2630 Author: Lucy Bird Recent research by three independent groups reveals an important link between T cells and metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Alterations in the composition of T cell populations that infiltrate adipose tissue are shown to influence the development of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance. The studies (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727851 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727850&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2628 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 606 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2628 Author: Kirsty Minton When a migratory natural killer (NK) cell encounters a potential target cell, it must stop and integrate signals from various sensory inputs to decide whether to proceed with a cytolytic response. Daniel Davis and colleagues show how the formation of a lytic synapse between an (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727850 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727849&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2623 Authors: Grant McFadden, Mohamed R. Mohamed, Masmudur M. Rahman & Eric Bartee The specificity of a given virus for a cell type, tissue or species — collectively known as viral tropism — is an important factor in determining the outcome of viral infection in any particular host. Owing to the increased prevalence of zoonotic infections and the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727849 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727848&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2606 Authors: Victor L. J. Tybulewicz & Robert B. Henderson Rho family GTPases, and the proteins that regulate them, have important roles in many cellular processes, including cell division, survival, migration and adhesion. Although most of our understanding of these proteins has come from studies using cell lines, more recent gene targeting studies in mice (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727848 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815323&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2Fi2n9TwDFrDU%2Fnri2626 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 605 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2626 Author: Elaine Bell The requirement for T cell help for B cells has been known for many years, but it is only recently that specialized T cells — T follicular helper (TFH) cells — have been identified that express high levels of CXC-chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815323 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815322&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FkxWtyBP4C0E%2Fnri2619 Authors: Rafi Ahmed, Michael J. Bevan, Steven L. Reiner & Douglas T. Fearon The adaptive immune system has evolved a unique capacity to remember a pathogen through the generation of memory T cells, which rapidly protect the host in the event of reinfection. How memory T cells develop and the relationship between effector and memory T cells has (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815322 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727847&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2626 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 605 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2626 Author: Elaine Bell The requirement for T cell help for B cells has been known for many years, but it is only recently that specialized T cells — T follicular helper (TFH) cells — have been identified that express high levels of CXC-chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727847 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727846&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2619 Authors: Rafi Ahmed, Michael J. Bevan, Steven L. Reiner & Douglas T. Fearon The adaptive immune system has evolved a unique capacity to remember a pathogen through the generation of memory T cells, which rapidly protect the host in the event of reinfection. How memory T cells develop and the relationship between effector and memory T cells has (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727846 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829344&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2F2ls3Ue82ATQ%2Fnri2625 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 747 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2625 Author: Sarah L. Gaffen Nature Reviews Immunology9, 556–567 (2009); published online 3 July 2009; corrected after print 7 August 2009In the version of this article initially published, reference 22 was incorrectly stated to be the first report to directly compare (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829344 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2829344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815321&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FJ0iitiPvtho%2Fnri2624 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 604 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2624 Author: Olive Leavy Three independent groups have identified a previously unknown T cell-specific protein that has a unique role during late thymocyte selection and CD4 versus CD8 lineage choice, which they collectively have termed thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection (THEMIS).Thymocytes progress through various linear developmental stages before (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815321 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2815320&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffeeds.nature.com%2F%7Er%2Fnri%2Frss%2Fcurrent%2F%7E3%2FO1RWEiqOyEE%2Fnri2588 Authors: Scott N. Mueller & Ronald N. Germain A defining characteristic of the immune system is the constant movement of many of its constituent cells through the secondary lymphoid tissues, mainly the spleen and lymph nodes, where crucial interactions that underlie homeostatic regulation, peripheral tolerance and the effective development of adaptive immune responses (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2815320 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2815320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727845&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2624 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 604 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2624 Author: Olive Leavy Three independent groups have identified a previously unknown T cell-specific protein that has a unique role during late thymocyte selection and CD4 versus CD8 lineage choice, which they collectively have termed thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection (THEMIS).Thymocytes progress through various linear developmental stages before (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727845 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2727844&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2588 Authors: Scott N. Mueller & Ronald N. Germain A defining characteristic of the immune system is the constant movement of many of its constituent cells through the secondary lymphoid tissues, mainly the spleen and lymph nodes, where crucial interactions that underlie homeostatic regulation, peripheral tolerance and the effective development of adaptive immune responses (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2727844 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2727844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631454&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2618 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 532 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2618 Author: Olive Leavy Do cell-extrinsic cytokines provide the necessary signals that instruct the lineage fate of haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) (instructive model) or do they simply select HPCs that are already committed to a specific lineage by providing survival and proliferation signals (selective model)? Schroeder and colleagues provide (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631454 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631453&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2617 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 529 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2617 Evolution (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631453 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631452&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2616 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 530 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2616 Author: Elaine Bell When the B cell receptor (BCR) on an immature B cell recognizes self antigen, receptor editing occurs during which immunoglobulin light chain rearrangements continue in order to change the BCR specificity. Previous studies addressing the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in B cell development have (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631452 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631451&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2615 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 530 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2615 Author: Olive Leavy Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T (TReg) cells, most of which are thought to originate in the thymus, are generally thought to be self-reactive T cells that are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and homeostasis. However, much controversy remains over the (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631451 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631449&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2613 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 527 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2613 Compartmentalization of the immune system operates at many levels, from the environmental niches that support the development or survival of immune cells to their differentiation into specialized subsets. Several articles this month look at the membrane compartmentalization that occurs within immune cells.When Mechnikov won (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631449 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631448&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2612 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 532 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2612 Dendritic cells (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631448 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631447&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2610 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 533 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2610 Author: Lucy Bird Kirk, Groettrup and colleagues describe a new small-molecule inhibitor that selectively blocks immunoproteasome activity and reveals a previously unappreciated role for the immunoproteasome in cytokine production. Analysis of the inhibitor in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis provides promise that selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome could (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631447 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631446&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2604 Authors: David H. Raulet & Nadia Guerra A growing body of research is addressing how pathways that are dysregulated during tumorigenesis are linked to innate immune responses, which can contribute to immune surveillance of cancer. Components of the innate immune system that are localized in tissues are thought to eliminate early neoplastic (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631446 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 10:34:26 +0100 2631446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631455&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2602 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 543 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2602 Author: Daniel M. Davis Communication across intercellular contacts is central to establishing appropriate innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent imaging of lymphocyte interactions suggests that a complex orchestration of cell–cell contact times is a key correlate to establishing appropriate immune responses. Here I review the molecular and cellular processes (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631455 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631450&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2614 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 600 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2614 Author: June L. Round & Sarkis K. Mazmanian Nature Reviews Immunology9, 313–323 (2009) published online 30 April 2009; corrected after print 17 July 2009In the version of this article initially published, references for table 2 were missing. A referenced version is provided below. (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631450 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631445&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2611 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 528 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2611 Author: Lucy Bird Interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing T helper cells (or TH22 cells) become the latest addition to the ever increasing diversity of CD4+ TH cell subsets, as reported in two recent papers published in Nature Immunology. This new subset of (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631445 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631444&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2609 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 534 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2609 Author: Kirsty Minton The immunosuppressive effects of the drug rapamycin, which inhibits Akt–mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling, have been attributed to the modulation of many immune cell types. Three new studies clarify T cell-intrinsic roles for mTOR as a regulator of both CD4+ (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631444 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631443&cid=s_33190_3_f&fid=33190&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1038%2Fnri2608 Nature Reviews Immunology 9, 532 (2009). doi:10.1038/nri2608 Author: Elaine Bell It is widely accepted that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shed from Gram-negative bacteria is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on cells such as tissue macrophages, leading to the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection, which is a hallmark of the innate immune (Source: Nature Reviews Immunology) Nature Reviews Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631443 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631443