MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'NeoReviews recent issues' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 01:09:38 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651158&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F13%2F2%2Fe132%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651158 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651157&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F2%2Fe129%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651157 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651156&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F2%2Fe119%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651156 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651155&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F2%2Fe111%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651155 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651154&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2Fe103%3Frss%3D1 Although sepsis is one of the important etiologies of illness in hospitalized infants, it is often difficult to determine if an infant is truly infected and, moreover, how to treat these infections. To address the first issue, researchers have begun to examine techniques to shorten the amount of time it takes to culture and identify organisms. On the clinical side, the development of biomarkers may help physicians to better identify infants who are likely ill from infection versus those infants who are unstable from other processes. The ability to distinguish between these cohorts will help to curtail excessive use of empirical antibiotics. Even if infants are determined to truly have infection on the basis of a positive culture, it is becoming more challenging to appropriately treat causa... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651154 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651153&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2Fe94%3Frss%3D1 Late onset sepsis infections contribute a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized infants, especially in very low birth weight infants. Although it is fairly clear which infants are at higher risk of developing sepsis, it is less clear whether a standard for diagnostic evaluation exists and is being used consistently across institutions. In the current setting of changing epidemiology and emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms, it is important to evaluate the antimicrobial agents used for empirical therapy and to emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. In addition, it is imperative to evaluate possible methods for prevention of these infections. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651153 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651152&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2Fe86%3Frss%3D1 Early onset sepsis in the newborn infant continues to be an important clinical problem for neonatologists everywhere in the world. Different routes of transmission, changes in causative agents, and potential antibiotic resistance all influence the choice of antibiotic therapy. Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli continue to be the major pathogens dictating antibiotic therapy in the United States. Ampicillin and gentamicin are the antibiotics used by most for empirical therapy; cephalosporins are used in certain clinical situations. In this review, we address the reasons for these choices while highlighting clinically relevant aspects of the antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of early onset sepsis in the newborn. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651152 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651151&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F2%2Fe81%3Frss%3D1 Displaying the vast amount of clinical data that exist in electronic medical records without causing information overload or interfering with provider thought processes is a challenge. To support the transformation of data into information and knowledge, effective electronic displays must be flexible and guide physicians’ thought processes. Applying research from cognitive science and human factors engineering offers promise in improving the electronic display of clinical information. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651151 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651150&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F2%2Fe77%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651150 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585775&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F13%2F1%2Fe69%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585775 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5585775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553798&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F1%2Fe66%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553798 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553797&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F1%2Fe55%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553797 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553796&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F1%2Fe49%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553796 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553795&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2Fe40%3Frss%3D1 In this paper, we review the complex medical, ethical, and psychosocial decisions that confront maternal fetal medicine specialists, neonatologists, parents, nurses, and other providers in the management of infants diagnosed with two chromosomal conditions generally considered as lethal anomalies. We examine the complex decision-making processes in contemporary US neonatology, including the ethical precepts of professional paternalism and parental autonomy. Medical approaches, ethical dilemmas, and the role of perinatal palliative care are discussed. Education of parents regarding medical and developmental outcomes of affected infants, disclosure of values between physicians and parents, an understanding of the role and limitations of autonomy, transparency in the dialogue among all partie... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553795 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553794&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2Fe30%3Frss%3D1 Aneuploidy, or deviation from the diploid human chromosome complement of 46, may have physical effects ranging from mild or undetectable, as in a male infant with 47 chromosomes including an additional Y chromosome, to severe, as occurs in infants with an additional chromosome 13 or 18. We discuss the autosomal (13, 18, and 21) and sex chromosome (X, Y) aneuploidies that can be expected in the neonatal health care setting, including clinical signs and symptoms that may be indications for further study. We review appropriate diagnostic testing including chromosome, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and microarray comparative genomic hybridization studies, indicating where parental follow-up studies are necessary to provide accurate recurrence risk counseling. For each aneuploid condition t... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553794 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553793&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2Fe20%3Frss%3D1 Because a significant proportion of critically ill neonates suffer the consequence of a genetic disorder, it is imperative that neonatologists be familiar with the phenotypes associated with the most common disorders and with the laboratory tests that help diagnose them. Currently available clinical tests detect a wide variety of genetic abnormalities ranging from defects in chromosome number to mutations as small as a single nucleotide. Recent advances also allow for comprehensive screening of candidate regions of the genome for pathogenic variants. However, when ordering any genetic laboratory test, the technical and analytical limitations of each assay need to be appreciated, as do other considerations, such as turnaround time and cost. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553793 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553792&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2Fe9%3Frss%3D1 Fetal ultrasound imaging has become an indispensable tool in obstetric practice. In spite of early reports revealing a low sensitivity for diagnosing birth defects, ultrasound has become established as a safe and widely used screening test, best performed at about 20 weeks’ gestation. To maximize effectiveness of ultrasound screening, proper sonographer training and quality assurance is essential. Patients undergoing prenatal ultrasound should be made aware of the limitations of this tool for detecting anomalies. Prenatal detection has several practical benefits, including parental preparation, delivery planning, and optimal pediatric care. Effective noninvasive screening tests for aneuploidies have been developed and are superior to maternal age alone as a method of identifying cand... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553792 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553791&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F13%2F1%2Fe4%3Frss%3D1 First trimester screening for fetal aneuploidy is now the standard of care for pregnant women residing in the United States and other developed nations. Today screening includes both biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters; however, ongoing research and advances in ultrasound and cell-free fetal DNA make this a rapidly evolving and exciting field. For example, it is conceivable that noninvasive fetal genotyping in the first trimester may one day (not so distantly in the future) be incorporated into routine screening paradigms. This review aims to explore advances in first trimester screening and also discusses several potential future directions. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553791 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553790&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F13%2F1%2Fe3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553790 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5553790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460379&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F12%2Fe741%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460379 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460378&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F12%2Fe731%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460378 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460377&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F12%2Fe727%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460377 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460376&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F12%2Fe721%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460376 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460375&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F12%2Fe714%3Frss%3D1 This third of three articles reviews the developmental origins of metabolic disease and the proposed underlying mechanisms. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460375 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460374&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F12%2Fe706%3Frss%3D1 An increasing body of evidence suggests the influence of early life events on the severity of expression and progression of renal disease in later life. This second of three articles discusses the animal and human data supporting the developmental origins of renal disease and some of the underlying proposed mechanisms. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460374 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460373&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F12%2Fe698%3Frss%3D1 There is now considerable evidence from numerous epidemiologic, animal, and clinical studies demonstrating the association of early life conditions and increased risk of subsequent adult disease such as cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic disease. This first of three articles reviews the developmental origins of cardiovascular disease and the proposed underlying mechanisms. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460373 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460372&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F12%2Fe687%3Frss%3D1 This review provides the reader with a comprehensive strategy about how to prepare and deliver a slide presentation by using the most popular software presentation program, Microsoft PowerPoint. With extensive preparation, keen organization, precise formatting, appropriate use of audiovisual aids, and effective delivery, PowerPoint can be a successful tool for teaching. However, if used ineffectively, this technology can prove to be disadvantageous where listeners may succumb to passive learning without critical thinking. This paper will guide novice speakers to refine their presentation skills and will encourage experienced presenters to refresh their presentation approach. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460372 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5460372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367132&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F11%2Fe680%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367132 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367131&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F11%2Fe679%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367131 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367130&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F11%2Fe668%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367130 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367129&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F11%2Fe665%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367129 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367128&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F11%2Fe661%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367128 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367127&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F11%2Fe652%3Frss%3D1 Neonatal tidal volume breathing is fundamental to gas exchange and ventilatory support after birth. In uniquely vulnerable preterm infants, excessive tidal volume, volutrauma, is a significant contributor to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This biotrauma triggers a cascade of proinflammatory responses associated with an increased occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Understanding of physiologic determinants of tidal volume allow for optimal tidal volume delivery by using minimal pressures to achieve desired carbon dioxide exchange without air-trapping. Tidal volumes (Vt) can be measured continuously by monitoring airflow signals of assisted ventilation. Currently, pneumotachography is the most commonly utilized bedside technology. Ideal techniques to measure continuous, b... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367127 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367126&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F11%2Fe645%3Frss%3D1 Despite major advances in perinatal medicine, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) persists as a major complication of prematurity. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been long-recognized as a significant problem of infants with BPD and remains strongly associated with worse outcomes and late mortality. Recent studies further suggest that the pulmonary circulation is characterized by a dysmorphic structure, which contributes to impaired gas exchange, poor tolerance of respiratory infections, increased risk for developing PH, and late exercise intolerance. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of PH in BPD includes avoidance of hypoxia, aggressive treatment of airways disease, assessing risk for chronic aspiration, and other factors that can complicate the overall respiratory course o... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367126 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367125&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F11%2Fe635%3Frss%3D1 Shortly after the introduction of assisted ventilation in the newborn, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described. Northway and coworkers described a group of preterm infants who developed chronic respiratory failure and characteristic radiographic changes after prolonged mechanical ventilation. The prevention and management of BPD in infants at risk is challenging due to the complex pathogenesis of multiple contributing factors that include prematurity, supplemental oxygen exposure, mechanical ventilation, patent ductus arterious, inflammation, genetic predisposition and postnatal infection. Treatment of existing BPD requires a coordinated approach including optimal nutrition, careful fluid management, evidence-based drug therapy, and gentle respiratory techniques aimed at minim... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367125 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367124&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F11%2Fe625%3Frss%3D1 Exogenous surfactant is one of only a handful of neonatal therapies that has a strong evidence base, the product of countless basic and clinical studies over roughly 30 years between the first report of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) as surfactant deficiency and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first surfactant preparation. Why then has surfactant therapy not succeeded in other neonatal, pediatric, or adult diseases associated with deficient or dysfunctional surfactant? By reflecting on the successes of surfactant therapy for RDS and examining critically the current evidence base for surfactant therapy in other neonatal pulmonary diseases, the authors chart a course for the future of surfactant therapy in neonatology. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367124 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367123&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F11%2Fe613%3Frss%3D1 Aerobic metabolism in the mitochondria is highly efficient in providing energy for the living organisms. However, as byproducts, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. Some of these chemical species are highly reactive-free radicals capable of causing functional and structural damage to cell components. To overcome free radical attack, cells have evolved both antioxidant defense and repairing systems. However, under certain circumstances the production of oxygen-free radicals overcomes antioxidant defense causing oxidative stress (OS) and damage. Newborn infants and especially preterm infants are endowed with an immature antioxidant defense and respiratory system and are therefore prone to OS. Too much oxygen may damage different organs (lung, brain, retina, and gastrointestinal tract... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367123 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276634&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F10%2Fe606%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276634 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276633&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F10%2Fe598%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276633 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276632&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F10%2Fe595%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276632 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276631&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F10%2Fe592%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276631 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276630&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F10%2Fe585%3Frss%3D1 Proteomic technologies and disease-specific biomarkers are being increasingly explored across diverse fields of medicine. The care of the neonate is defined by both a unique patient population and acquired postnatal morbidities that are largely a function of failed adaptation to postnatal life. However, most current diagnostic clinical tests for the neonate suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity or simply rely on a morphologic description of end-organ damage. In this review, we discuss proteomic technologies for the discovery and translation of biomarkers to clinical use, emphasizing unique potential neonatal disease applications. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276630 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276629&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F10%2Fe575%3Frss%3D1 Infants exposed to opioids in utero and postnatally are at risk for developing withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation of the drugs. This condition is known as the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Different medications have been used to ameliorate the symptoms of withdrawal, most commonly opioids. Clonidine has also been evaluated both as an additive and alternative option for the treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Data evaluating the use of clonidine for the treatment of NAS are limited; only six studies have been published. The α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine is believed to reduce the excessive noradrenergic activity that results from opioid withdrawal. Clonidine has the potential to serve as an attractive option to treat NAS because it possesses a favorable adv... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276629 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276628&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F10%2Fe564%3Frss%3D1 Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of severe physical disability in childhood, occurring in approximately 2 in 1,000 liveborn infants. Although the prevalence of CP appears to have stabilized in the past 2 decades, recent studies suggest that severe CP may be decreasing. Neuroimaging studies help identify abnormal neuroanatomic findings, which are found in most affected children. Neuropathology identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) corresponds well to clinical descriptions of motor impairment in children who have CP. Clinical risk factors, combined with imaging studies, can help identify a subpopulation of infants who are at high risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Counseling caregivers on future adverse developmental risks can be challenging for the clinician in t... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276628 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276627&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F10%2Fe560%3Frss%3D1 Communication failures during physician handoffs represent a significant source of preventable adverse events. Computerized sign-out tools linked to hospital electronic medical record (EMR) systems and customized for neonatal care can facilitate standardization of the handoff process and access to clinical information, thereby improving communication and reducing adverse events. It is important to note, however, that adoption of technological tools alone is not sufficient to remedy flawed communication processes. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276627 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276626&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F10%2Fe553%3Frss%3D1 This article is a synopsis of that presentation. Although the principles of MoC are applicable across pediatric subspecialties (and many apply to General Pediatrics as well as the subspecialties), my comments in this article are directed primarily to clinicians interested in the MoC program as it applies to certificate holders in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (NPM). (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276626 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186396&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F9%2Fe545%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186396 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186395&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F9%2Fe534%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186395 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186394&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F9%2Fe531%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186394 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186393&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F9%2Fe527%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186393 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186392&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F9%2Fe517%3Frss%3D1 The gastrointestinal tract comprises the largest surface area of the human body. This area is constantly exposed to myriad antigens as well as the large number of bacteria that coexist in the intestinal lumen. To protect against this exposure and help distinguish "self" from "foreign," the intestinal tract has evolved a sophisticated barrier defense system that includes both innate and adaptive immune systems. However, infants who are born preterm do not have the benefit of an adequate immune response and, therefore, are more susceptible to bacterial injury, inflammation, and intestinal diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review, we discuss the components of innate immunity that help to protect the small intestine as well as current knowledge about the role of these compone... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186392 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186391&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F9%2Fe506%3Frss%3D1 Amino acids play crucial roles as precursors for proteins and neurotransmitters, as transport molecules, and in cell signaling. In this review, we describe the unique functions of the individual amino acids and conclude that the amino acid requirements of parenterally fed neonates are inadequately defined. Parenterally fed neonates are at risk of amino acid deficiency or toxicity because the intestines serve as an important site of metabolism, regulating systemic availability of individual amino acids. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186391 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186390&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F9%2Fe498%3Frss%3D1 Nutrition and growth during the perinatal period have long-term implications for neonates. The Developmental Origins of Disease Hypothesis states that molecular and cellular events initiated during this period have the potential to impart lifelong phenotypic changes to infants. Undernutrition resulting in intra- or extrauterine growth restriction is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment and lung disease as well as adult-onset diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. A proposed molecular mechanism by which early events alter later health is epigenetic modifications to chromatin. One well-studied epigenetic modifier is nutrition. Much of the current evidence associating early nutritional status to epigenetic adaptations stems f... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186390 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186389&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F9%2Fe495%3Frss%3D1 Élie Metchnikoff is often considered the "father of innate immunity" because of his identification of phagocytosis and its primary role in fighting infection. Today, Metchnikoff is recognized for his description of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the intestine and how enteric microbes may promote or hinder intestinal health and human longevity. The work of Metchnikoff and Tissier at the Pasteur Institute that established probiotic research and provided early insights into the intestinal microbiome are summarized in this review. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186389 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082109&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F8%2Fe487%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082109 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082108&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F8%2Fe475%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082108 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082107&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F8%2Fe472%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082107 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082106&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F8%2Fe463%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082106 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082105&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F8%2Fe453%3Frss%3D1 Blisters and erosions in the newborn period may be the primary manifestation of several diseases that include infectious, inherited, or congenital conditions and represent a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians and dermatologists alike. In some cases, the lesions are benign and transient, but they may also be the first presentation of a lifelong skin disease or the manifestation of a serious systemic illness. Early recognition and evaluation is critical for effective treatment of the conditions that are rapidly progressive or fatal without prompt intervention. This review offers an approach to the diagnosis of neonates presenting with blisters or erosions, emphasizing morphologic features and confirmatory diagnostic tests, and touches on basic principles for management. (Source: NeoRevie... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082105 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082104&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F8%2Fe439%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the basic pathophysiology behind CDH, describes recent updates in the field, and outlines the long-term outcomes for these fascinating and complex patients. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082104 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082103&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F8%2Fe431%3Frss%3D1 Although translation of medical research has traditionally been referred to as the process whereby basic science is applied to clinical medicine, focus has been growing on applying clinical research findings to the broader clinical community, what has been deemed "translating evidence into practice." Scientific studies and clinical trials provide the evidence by which medicine can improve health, but how can the clinician actually apply this evidence to daily practice to improve patient outcomes? In this article, we describe some of the history of thought in the arena of translational medicine, consider some seminal examples in perinatal medicine, and hypothesize about the future of the field. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082103 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5082102&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F8%2Fe423%3Frss%3D1 The morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference offers an opportunity to incorporate principles of quality assurance and patient safety into neonatal practice, while providing a rich opportunity to teach many of the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies. A historical review highlights the basis of the M&M conference as rooted in the desire to improve physician practice and patient outcomes. Despite the lack of an identifiable, systematic approach to M&M-type conferences among neonatology programs, both the tradition of improving physician practice and patient outcomes by framing suboptimal outcomes as educational opportunities and the dawning of the era of competency-based graduate medical education support the need for neonatology divisions... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5082102 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5082102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988084&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F7%2Fe416%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988084 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988083&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F7%2Fe405%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988083 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988082&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F7%2Fe402%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988082 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988081&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F7%2Fe397%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988081 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988080&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F7%2Fe393%3Frss%3D1 Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) is the feature of electronic medical record (EMR) implementation that arguably offers the greatest quality and patient safety benefits. The gains are potentially greater for critically ill neonates, but the effect of CPOE on quality and safety is dependent upon local implementation decisions. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988080 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988079&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F7%2Fe381%3Frss%3D1 Strong evidence shows that prevention of invasive Candida infections (ICI) can be achieved by every neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Due to the incidence of ICI and high infection-associated mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment, antifungal prophylaxis should be targeted to infants weighing less than 1,000 g or born at or before 27 weeks' gestation. Even in NICUs that have low rates of ICI, antifungal prophylaxis is crucial to improving survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population. Strong evidence supports the use of both fluconazole and nystatin for such prophylaxis. Fluconazole is preferred in high-risk preterm infants because intravenous (IV) fluconazole prophylaxis has greater efficacy compared with enteral nystatin prophylaxis, is effective in the m... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988079 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988078&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F7%2Fe374%3Frss%3D1 Bone and joint infections in neonates differ significantly from what is seen in older children, adolescents, and adults. They are more common in preterm neonates but occasionally are seen in term babies. A high index of suspicion, coupled with careful daily physical examination, is important for early identification and treatment. Multiple foci should be sought. Underlying bone or joint involvement should be suspected in patients who have cutaneous abscesses. Surgical debridement or drainage, as required, and long-term appropriate antibiotic therapy are the pillars of therapy. Long-term outcome must be monitored closely, even in babies whose disease is rapidly identified and appropriately treated. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988078 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988077&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F7%2Fe368%3Frss%3D1 Diagnostic clinical tests are becoming increasingly important in medicine. In the case of neonatal sepsis, a number of new clinical laboratory tests have emerged to aid in diagnosis. In this article, the example of neonatal sepsis is used to review preconditions for evaluating a diagnostic test, common measures of test performance (eg, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios). Reference values of these measures for a good diagnostic test are also reviewed. The interpretation of receiver operating characteristic curves for comparing diagnostic tests, determining the optimal cut-off for quantitative tests and assessing diagnostic accuracy, is also examined. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988077 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988076&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F7%2Fe361%3Frss%3D1 Twenty vibrant years, starting in 1960, marked the beginning of modern neonatology, and during those years, the participation of women in medical science increased amid a flurry of national and international social and historical events. The availability of grants allowed the exploration of the newborn infant's biology. Young women pediatricians and scientists studied brain development, and newborn intensive care started to proliferate. The virtues of early feeding were recognized. Infections were actively prevented and treated. Assisted ventilation provided life support to infants whose lungs could not remain inflated due to surface tension deficiency. Noninvasive measurement of Pao2 signaled a kinder approach to oxygenation monitoring and newborn care. Advances were made in the understan... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988076 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4988076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887688&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F6%2Fe354%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887688 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887687&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F6%2Fe344%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887687 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887686&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F6%2Fe341%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887686 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887685&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F6%2Fe335%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887685 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887684&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F6%2Fe325%3Frss%3D1 Erythroderma is defined as generalized skin erythema affecting at least 90% of the body. This skin reaction is not specific for one diagnosis. Neonatal erythroderma is potentially life-threatening and presents unique therapeutic and diagnostic challenges. The differential diagnosis is broad, and many of the potential diagnoses are exceedingly rare. Additional clinical or laboratory findings may point to the underlying primary disease, and understanding these clues can expedite establishing the diagnosis. Irrespective of the underlying cause, neonates who have erythroderma have a compromised skin barrier, which can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, temperature instability, protein losses, and increased risk for infection. This review focuses on an approach to managing erythroderm... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887684 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887683&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F6%2Fe315%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews clefts involving the lip with or without the palate (CLP±P) and isolated clefts of the palate (CP) from genetic and epidemiologic perspectives. Particular attention is given to management strategies to address issues arising in the neonatal period before the deformity is treated. The multidisciplinary team is especially important in tailoring care to the needs of the child. Regional specialist services are recommended during early childhood for infants who have CLP±P or CP. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887683 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887682&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F6%2Fe308%3Frss%3D1 Understanding of the impact of disordered palatal and orofacial development on preterm neonatal survivors is increasing. Optimal clinical assessment and management requires neonatologists to have a sound knowledge of: normal palatal development; potential causes for disordered development, including iatrogenic causes; factors to assess on newborn examination; and optimal multidisciplinary follow-up for feeding, orthodontic, and speech-language development. Key findings quantify harmful effects of intubation on palatal shape, tooth eruption/morphology, and speech; further studies are required to delineate the effect on swallowing. The evidence base is discussed for preterm care and palatal and orofacial development in preterm and low-birthweight infants. Current knowledge is limited by lack... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887682 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4887681&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F6%2Fe303%3Frss%3D1 The end of World War II brought peace, optimism, and unequaled opportunities for women, lifting barriers and generating a world of babies. The demand for physicians to man crowded nurseries increased the need to put order to the chaotic nature of the "Baby Boom." Women physicians, still facing frustrating discrimination, focused on their work. Virginia Apgar designed a score to triage the condition of the newly born and prepare for action, if necessary. Lula Lubchenco's growth curves identified the abnormalities of growth that could affect brain development. Murdina Desmond organized intensive care to prepare for the fight against staphylococcal infections plaguing the nurseries. Mildred Stahlman transformed the intensive care unit into a laboratory to study the cardiopulmonary functions o... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4887681 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4887681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772664&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F5%2Fe296%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772664 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772663&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F5%2Fe286%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772663 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772662&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F5%2Fe282%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772662 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772661&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F5%2Fe274%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772661 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772660&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F5%2Fe270%3Frss%3D1 Reverse differential cyanosis (upper extremity oxygen saturation less than lower extremity oxygen saturation) is a rare, formerly fatal condition. Usually seen with dextrotransposition of the great arteries (with persistent pulmonary hypertension or aortic interruption/coarctation), it can be treated successfully with oxygen, prostaglandin E1, atrial septotomy, nitric oxide, bosentan, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, followed by the arterial switch operation. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772660 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772659&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F5%2Fe260%3Frss%3D1 The diagnosis and management of Ebstein anomaly from fetal to neonatal life is discussed in this review. Echocardiographic findings can be particularly helpful in understanding the physiologic impact of the disease and to guide management. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772659 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772658&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F5%2Fe252%3Frss%3D1 Neonatal heart surgery directed at the prompt anatomic and physiologic restoration of the patient who has congenital heart disease has largely developed in the past 2 decades. To obtain the best possible results and minimize the multiple risks involved with such surgery, various considerations must be taken into account, including the institution where the surgery occurs, the human resources available, and the particular characteristics of the newborn. An accurate statistical analysis of the surgical outcomes allows an intelligent examination of the risk factors, continuous improvement through responsiveness of the parts and the process, and valid comparisons with other institutions. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772658 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4772657&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F5%2Fe247%3Frss%3D1 This first article in a series that tells of the difficult integration of women in neonatology over almost a century (1870 to 1945) will be followed by two other articles to cover the more recent period of exponential progress. At the end of the nineteenth century, many professions were closed to women, including medicine. The very few women who trickled through the doors of medical schools were relegated to the care of women and children. These pioneers, such as Mary Putnam Jacobi, Elizabeth Garrett, and Madeleine Brès, inspired other young women. Major societal changes for women, including the right to vote in a few countries, opened more doors to universities. Following World War I, the medical horizon widened for creative women physicians such as Ethel Collins Dunham, Virginia A... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4772657 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4772657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666705&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F4%2Fe240%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666705 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666704&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F4%2Fe232%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666704 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666703&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F4%2Fe228%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666703 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666702&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F4%2Fe223%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666702 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666701&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2Fe216%3Frss%3D1 Multiple ophthalmic disorders can present in neonates. Such disorders can be isolated or be associated with other systemic anomalies. Timely referral, diagnosis, and management are critical to allow optimal visual development. The critical period of visual development is in the first 6 months after birth. Infants who meet screening criteria for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) should be screened to help prevent serious visual sequelae, including blindness. Pediatricians and neonatologists should identify ocular abnormalities and refer patients for detailed ophthalmic evaluation when deemed necessary. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666701 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666700&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2Fe207%3Frss%3D1 This article highlights distinguishing features of the most commonly encountered nevi seen at birth or in early childhood. Furthermore, updated information from the literature about controversies and current understanding of the genetic basis surrounding various nevi is presented. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666700 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666699&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2Fe198%3Frss%3D1 Preeclampsia (PE) is the most common medical complication in pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This disease is a great challenge for obstetricians because there are no effective interventions to treat or prevent it, and antenatal care involves a difficult balance between the risks for women to continue pregnancy and the risks for the baby’s early birth. Fetal complications in PE are directly related to gestational age and the severity of maternal disease and include increased rates of preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption, and perinatal death. The major complications for the newborn are related to prematurity, although the data on the morbidity and outcome for preterm infants of women who have PE are conflictin... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666699 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4666698&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F4%2Fe191%3Frss%3D1 The 360-degree assessment is a new paradigm in medical evaluation in which a trainee is evaluated by multiple people in his or her sphere of influence. Evaluators measure identical parameters using the same rating scale, with an additional subset of uniquely designed items to capture areas particular to certain groups. This tool can help to identify differences between the trainee's self-assessment and ratings by other evaluators. Recent studies have shown that the 360-degree assessment is a reliable and valid instrument to improve physician performance. In addition, 360-degree feedback has been shown to provide training programs with a reproducible, quantifiable tool to assess the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (AGCME) competencies of their trainees. This review desc... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4666698 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4666698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533935&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F3%2Fe183%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533935 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533934&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F3%2Fe173%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533934 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533933&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F3%2Fe170%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533933 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533932&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F3%2Fe167%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533932 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533931&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2Fe159%3Frss%3D1 The common pharmacologic strategies used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) include suppression of gastric acid with histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and stimulation of gastrointestinal motility with dopamine receptor antagonists or motilin receptor agonists. These medications are primarily metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Although frequently used, none of these drugs has strong evidence for efficacy in decreasing the complications of reflux in preterm infants or term neonates. In addition, a few well-conducted, masked, randomized studies that have accounted for maturational changes in their design have raised concerns about the safety of these medications in infants. (Source... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533931 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533930&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2Fe148%3Frss%3D1 Iron is essential for growth and development, and deficiency during gestation and infancy may have lifelong effects. Iron is necessary for oxygen transport, cellular respiration, myelination, neurotransmitter production, and cell proliferation. Iron deficiency may decrease hippocampal growth and alter oxidative metabolism, neurotransmitter concentrations, and fatty acid and myelination profiles throughout the brain. Excellent articles and reviews have been published on the effect of iron on cognitive development. This review highlights more recent findings, focusing on the role of iron in brain development during gestation and early life, and discusses implications for practice in the neonatal intensive care unit. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533930 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533929&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2Fe141%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the mechanisms of sucking and swallowing involved in oral feeding and proposes strategies to address the challenges that preterm infants face in transitioning to breast- or bottle-feeding. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533929 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533928&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F3%2Fe130%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the energy and fluid requirements of infants and presents by component (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, trace elements, and multivitamins) the available literature on neonatal PN and its complications. In addition, suggested guidelines for PN administration for preterm and term neonates are presented. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533928 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533927&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F3%2Fe127%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533927 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421138&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F2%2Fe119%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421138 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421137&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F2%2Fe109%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421137 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421136&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F2%2Fe105%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421136 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421135&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F2%2Fe102%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421135 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421134&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2Fe94%3Frss%3D1 The very preterm infant is uniquely vulnerable to bleeding into the cerebral ventricles because of the numerous but unsupported blood vessels in the subependymal germinal matrix and unstable blood pressure and flow resulting from preterm delivery and respiratory distress. Approximately 25% of infants whose birthweights are 500 to 1,500 g have some intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Even a small IVH is associated with an increased risk of disability. A large IVH is sometimes complicated by hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction (also known as grade 4 IVH), which is believed to arise when venous occlusion from hematoma impairs perfusion in periventricular white matter. Large unilateral infarctions are usually associated with contralateral hemiparesis, but cognitive function may be less impaired.... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421134 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421133&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2Fe85%3Frss%3D1 The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a highly charged, stressful environment for parents and staff. In addition to preexisting parental problems such as drug abuse, personality disorders, or anxiety (which may be exacerbated), the postpartum period presents elevated risks of depression and psychosis. Maternal symptoms not only may affect the mother, but they may affect bonding with her infant and the infant's long-term development. Maternal mental health issues also may affect the mother's ability to participate in her infant's care and her relationships with NICU staff. Knowledgeable, empathic multidisciplinary team members can communicate more effectively with parents suffering from mental health issues. Appropriate boundaries should be set, and referrals to psychiatry made whe... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421133 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421132&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2Fe76%3Frss%3D1 The most common form of brain injury in preterm infants is focal necrosis and gliosis of the periventricular white matter, generally referred to as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). PVL is also the most common cause of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Although the incidence of the most severe cystic form of PVL is decreasing, a more subtle diffuse form has emerged as the much more common lesion, possibly related to the increased survival of the smallest, most vulnerable infants. Experimental data suggest the central theme of pathogenesis is the effect of hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation on the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell, the primary cellular target of PVL. Innovative experimental models and clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging continue to shed light on the mechanism... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421132 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421131&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2Fe69%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this article is to provide a stepwise approach to interpreting economic evaluations conducted alongside randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). The emphasis in assessing the validity of such an analysis is to ensure that the authors are transparent in their approach with respect to factors such as the intervention and comparator, time horizon, study perspective, sources for costs and effects, appropriate combining of costs and effects into a single metric, and assessment of uncertainty and time preference. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421131 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4421130&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F2%2Fe63%3Frss%3D1 This article introduces several educational techniques that, when successfully implemented, can provide opportunities for better collaboration among pediatric and obstetric practitioners during deliveries. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4421130 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4421130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301400&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F12%2F1%2Fe55%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301400 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301399&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F1%2Fe46%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301399 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301398&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F1%2Fe42%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301398 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301397&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F1%2Fe39%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301397 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301396&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2Fe29%3Frss%3D1 A consistent and organized transition from embryonic to fetal to adult hemoglobin (Hgb) occurs during human fetal development. Hgb concentrations gradually increase, averaging 18 g/dL (180 g/L) by 40 weeks' gestation. The ability to deliver oxygen to tissues in the fetus and neonate is primarily determined by the percentage of fetal versus adult Hgb and the concentration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Studies continue to evaluate the relationship between Hgb concentrations and oxygen delivery in neonates to determine what Hgb concentrations best meet the needs of a wide variety of clinical situations from the critically ill extremely low-birthweight infant to the stable growing preterm infant. Biochemical interactions between nitric oxide (NO) and Hgb beyond the production of methemo... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301396 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301395&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2Fe20%3Frss%3D1 Neonatal polycythemia, defined as a venous hematocrit ≥65% (0.65), is a common problem in newborns. Infants born postterm or small for gestational age, infants of diabetic mothers, recipient twins in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and those who have chromosomal abnormalities are at higher risk. Although the cause of polycythemia is often multifactorial, most cases can be classified as having active (increased fetal erythropoiesis) or passive (erythrocyte transfusion) polycythemia. By increasing blood viscosity, polycythemia can impair microcirculatory flow in end organs and can present with neurologic, cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and metabolic symptoms. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of polycythemia in the newb... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301395 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301394&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2Fe13%3Frss%3D1 This article addresses many of these issues from a medical perspective, with emphasis on the best blood banking techniques to provide RBC products for neonatal transfusions. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301394 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301393&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2Fe8%3Frss%3D1 Systematic overviews provide a comprehensive and thorough review of the available data from clinical trials. When these reviews include meta-analyses, clinicians can synthesize the results of related studies and gain greater precision in their estimates of the effects of therapy. Even when inconclusive, meta-analyses allow for the exploration of differences between studies and may point toward promising areas of future research (or steer clinicians away from further nonproductive areas). In the field of neonatal-perinatal medicine, systematic overviews have provided the basis of several major changes in guidelines with measurable impact on neonatal outcome. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301393 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301392&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F12%2F1%2Fe2%3Frss%3D1 This review presents a systematic approach to curriculum development, divided into five steps: 1) perform a needs assessment, 2) define the goals and learning objectives, 3) identify resources, 4) develop educational strategies and implement the curriculum, and 5) evaluate and modify the curriculum. Although the curriculum developmental stages are presented in five ordered steps, curriculum development is actually a dynamic, interactive process, in which development of one step naturally affects other steps. Learners are central to this process, and with each step, the instructor needs to be mindful of the learners' needs and prior experiences, using a variety of educational strategies to reach trainees with different learning styles. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301392 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4301391&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F12%2F1%2Fe1%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4301391 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4301391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216958&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F11%2F12%2Fe737%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216958 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216957&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F12%2Fe727%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216957 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216956&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F12%2Fe722%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216956 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216955&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F12%2Fe714%3Frss%3D1 Although the placenta is the primary organ responsible for fetal clearance and electrolyte homeostasis, fetal kidneys contribute to amniotic fluid production and fetal hemodynamics. Maternal factors can significantly influence fetal urinary output and blood pressure. Maturation of neonatal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) depends on the development of renal blood flow (RBF). After birth, a marked increase in systemic blood pressure and decrease in renal vascular resistance results in elevated RBF and consequent increases in GFR. Vasoactive factors, including renin, angiotensin II, glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, bradykinin, and endothelin, each play vital roles in the regulation and development of neonatal GFR. Prematurity and intrauteri... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216955 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216954&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F12%2Fe705%3Frss%3D1 Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) is a spectrum of rare congenital malformations involving the urinary, genital, and musculoskeletal systems in which the bladder remains open through a lower abdominal defect with wide pubic separation. Treatment is primarily surgical and usually is performed in multiple stages. Goals of treatment include closing the bladder and abdominal defect while maintaining renal function, achieving urinary continence, maintaining sexual function, and providing cosmetically appealing external genitalia. Several long-term complications of this challenging condition in pediatric urology require a multidisciplinary treatment approach. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216954 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216953&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F12%2Fe696%3Frss%3D1 Sequential renal ultrasonographic studies have shown renal calcifications to be more common in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients than is commonly believed, especially in extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. A family history of kidney stones is an independent risk factor for renal calcifications in ELBW infants. Understanding the role of inhibitors and promoters in crystal formation helps in understanding the pathophysiology of nephrocalcinosis. Identification of the presence or absence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria is an effective method of directing the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have nephrocalcinosis. Fortunately, ultrasonographic renal calcifications resolve spontaneously in most NICU patients. Renal calcifications can be associated with persistent abnorm... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216953 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216952&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F12%2Fe681%3Frss%3D1 This article focuses on parvovirus, Listeria, tuberculosis, syphilis, and varicella, offering a brief overview of rare and unusual causes for congenital infection. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216952 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216951&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F12%2Fe673%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the evolution of the evidence evaluation process, the questions that have been posed over the past 5 years about the most appropriate neonatal resuscitation techniques, the process that the AAP and AHA have implemented to address those questions, and the major changes that have been incorporated into the upcoming edition of the NRP Textbook. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216951 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216950&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F12%2Fe671%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216950 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123009&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F11%2F11%2Fe663%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123009 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123008&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F11%2Fe652%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123008 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123007&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F11%2Fe647%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123007 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123006&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F11%2Fe640%3Frss%3D1 Postnatal changes in thyroid hormone economy reflect the adjustment of the fetus to the extrauterine environment. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) surges soon after birth, resulting in thyroxine (T4) concentrations that are higher in the first postnatal week than at any other time of life and in circulating triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations that are three to four times higher than in the fetus. In preterm infants born after 31 weeks' gestation, the pattern is similar, although less pronounced; in younger infants, a decrease in TSH may be seen, accompanied by a low T4 concentration. Usually the free T4 concentration is less affected than the total T4. Thyroid hormone synthesis is critically dependent on an adequate prenatal and postnatal supply of iodine, which can paradoxically suppres... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123006 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123005&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F11%2Fe632%3Frss%3D1 Neonatal hyperglycemia is one of the most common metabolic abnormalities encountered in preterm and critically ill newborns. Although the definition varies, a blood glucose concentration greater than 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) or a plasma or serum glucose concentration greater than 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) often is used. Management of hyperglycemia is highly variable, probably because of the lack of evidence for improved outcomes in most neonates with any specific approach. This review focuses on the risk factors and causes for neonatal hyperglycemia, the associated consequences and pathology, and current management strategies. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123005 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123004&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F11%2Fe627%3Frss%3D1 Great progress has been made in the care of the pregnant woman who has diabetes. Despite this, the risk of the infant of a diabetic mother (IDM) having macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, respiratory distress syndrome, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and cardiomyopathy remains. In addition, the IDM has an increased incidence of congenital anomalies, poor neurobehavioral development, and obesity and metabolic abnormalities in later life. Fastidious attention to maternal diabetic control in both the preconceptual and pregnancy periods reduces the risk of these morbidities. (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123004 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123003&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F11%2Fe619%3Frss%3D1 Diabetes is one of the most common medical complications affecting pregnancy. Diabetes in pregnancy is classified into two categories: pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes (GDM). Pregestational diabetes comprises both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. GDM refers to those individuals diagnosed with carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy. Regardless of the type of diabetes, pregnancies complicated by diabetes require specialized care and management to ensure the best outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. The management of diabetes is aimed at controlling fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations to decrease the known maternal and neonatal sequelae of GDM, including stillbirth, macrosomia, and neonatal metabolic derangements. In general, a carbohydrate-controlled di... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123003 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123002&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F11%2Fe613%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123002 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020531&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F11%2F10%2Fe605%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020531 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020530&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F10%2Fe597%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020530 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020529&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F10%2Fe590%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020529 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020528&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F10%2Fe578%3Frss%3D1 Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and its active metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) are both very effective immunosuppressive agents widely used for the prevention of organ rejection following transplantation and in the therapy of autoimmune diseases. In experimental studies performed in pregnant animals, MMF exhibited teratogenicity, which later was confirmed in humans, as documented in the United States National Transplantation Pregnancy Registry (NTPR). In 2008, a specific pattern of malformations associated with in utero exposure to MMF was suggested. Subsequently, numerous reports in the scientific literature of newborns having similar patterns of malformations born to mothers who had undergone transplantation and were receiving immunosuppressive therapy provided supporting evidence for the... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020528 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020527&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F10%2Fe566%3Frss%3D1 Autoinflammatory diseases encompass a growing list of disorders that lead to systemic and organ-specific inflammation. Such diseases can present in the fetal and neonatal periods, mimicking bacterial infections, congenital viral infections, and genetic syndromes. The concept of autoinflammatory diseases was proposed only 10 years ago with the identification of genes underlying periodic fever syndromes. Unlike autoimmune diseases that primarily involve the adaptive immune response, autoinflammatory disorders are caused by excessive activation of the innate immune system. Clinical features of autoinflammatory diseases may include fevers, rash, conjunctivitis, hepatosplenomegaly, peritonitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, and meningitis. Therefore, affected patients often are misdiagnosed with ne... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020527 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020526&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F10%2Fe558%3Frss%3D1 This article examines functional and biochemical characteristics of monocytes (and to lesser extent macrophages), with particular emphasis on the neonatal period, and discusses functional discrepancies in relation to adult cells. Experimental data suggest impaired phagocytosis and killing of group B streptococci by neonatal monocytes. In addition, chemotactic activity in the neonate is hindered. On the other hand, the major immune defect of macrophages results from a defect of T-helper cells and natural killer cells to produce adequate amounts of proinflammatory cytokines coupled with a marked hyporesponsiveness of macrophages to activation by interferon-gamma. Recent research also suggests that impaired toll-like receptor-4-mediated signaling in lipopolysaccharide-exposed newborn monocyte... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020526 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020525&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F10%2Fe551%3Frss%3D1 Immunologic defense mechanisms of the adaptive and innate immune systems coordinate a balance between host defense and overreaction to the proinflammatory stimuli of the resident microflora in the intestinal tract. Among cells of the intestinal innate immune system, Paneth cells, located in the small intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn, have evolved to provide immediate responses to bacteria as well as shape the composition of commensal bacterial flora in the small intestine. Paneth cells release secretory granules rich in a variety of proteins involved in host defense and inflammation, including alpha-defensins. Alpha-defensins are small, cationic peptides that exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial actions. In addition, Paneth cell granules contain other antibacterial substances, inc... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020525 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4020524&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F11%2F10%2Fe543%3Frss%3D1 Regionalized level III perinatal care was implemented in Poland in 1998, but no comparative analyses of neonatal mortality and morbidity between other European regions and Poland are yet available. Given the large differences in policy and organization of health care between European countries, studying clinical outcomes within this context provides an opportunity to explore the effectiveness of regionalized care. The aim of this analysis was to compare the specific position of neonatal care in Poland with that of other European regions participating in the Models of OrganiSing Access to Intensive Care for very preterm babies (MOSAIC) project. In 1988, there were 18,798 live births in the 11 neonatal units in the Wielkopolska region; in 2003, there were 42,619 live births in the MOSAIC pro... NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4020524 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 15:00:48 +0100 4020524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923005&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F11%2F9%2Fe535%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923005 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 15:00:41 +0100 3923005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923004&cid=s_32769_33_f&fid=32769&url=http%3A%2F%2Fneoreviews.aappublications.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F11%2F9%2Fe525%3Frss%3D1 (Source: NeoReviews recent issues) NeoReviews recent issues news http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923004 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 15:00:41 +0100 3923004