MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Neural Development' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:43:26 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5668757&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F7 Conclusions: Based on these results, we conclude that in addition to its functions in muscle, the Muscleblind splice regulators also function in neurons to regulate synapse formation. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5668757 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5668757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660914&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F6 Conclusions: CS moieties in the early hindbrain therefore control the course and fasciculation of axonal projections and the timing of axonal arrival at the target. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660914 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5660914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650127&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F5 Conclusions: Bilateral enucleation induces a positional shift of both ephrin A5 expression and intraneocortical projections at the S-V border in only 10 days. These changes occur prior to natural eye opening suggesting a possible role of spontaneous retinal activity in area border formation within neocortex. Through these analyses, we gain a deeper understanding of how extrinsic, activity-dependent mechanisms, particularly input from sensory organs, are integrated with intrinsic, activity-independent mechanisms to regulate neocortical arealization and plasticity. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650127 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5650127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611189&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: We define a fate map of the hypothalamus, based on the dynamic expression of Shh in the hypothalamic progenitor zones. We provide evidence that the large neurogenic Shh-expressing progenitor domains of the ventral diencephalon are continuous with those of the midbrain. We demonstrate that the four classical transverse zones of the hypothalamus have clearly defined progenitor domains and that there is little or no cell mixing between the tuberal and anterior or the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus. Finally, we show that, in the tuberal hypothalamus, neurons destined for every mediolateral level are produced during a period of days, in conflict with the current "three-wave" model of hypothalamic neurogenesis. Our work sets the stage for a deeper developmental analysis of this ... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611189 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611190&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F3 Over-proliferation of new neurons in Drosophila brain, as amplified through type II progenitor lineages, is countered by programmed cell death of a quarter of the neurons during formation of the central complex. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611190 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599505&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F2 Conclusions: Our results suggest a critical role for the forebrain meninges to promote during development the tangential migration of cortical interneurons along the cortical marginal zone and Cxcl12 as the factor responsible for this property. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599505 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573082&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F1 Conclusions: Our data suggest that the LPZ and MPZ are largely responsible for the production of new neurons in the early postembryonic stages, and that the neurogenic niche in the beginning plays a subordinate role. However, as the neuroblasts in the proliferation zones disappear during early post-embryonic life, the neuronal precursors in the niche gradually become the dominant and only mechanism for the generation of new neurons in the adult brain. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573082 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5573082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5495980&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F39 Conclusions: The adult arbor of dbd is a highly branched arbor whose branches self-fasciculate to form a compact dendritic bundle. The ectopic expression of BrZ3 in this cell causes a premature extention of its growth-cone resulting in dendrites that extend beyond their normal muscle substrate and onto the epidermis where they form a comb-shaped, ectopic arbor. Our quantitative data suggest that new ectopic arbor represents an "unpacking" of the normally fasciculated arbor onto the epidermis. These data suggest that the nature of their local environment can change dendrite behavior from self-adhesion to self-avoidance. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5495980 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5495980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478052&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F38 Conclusion: We conclude that the centrosome is not a major site of microtubule nucleation in Drosophila neurons, and is not required for maintenance of neuronal microtubule organization in these cells. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478052 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459591&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F37 Conclusions: These data shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of many lola-dependent processes, and also identify several developmental processes not previously linked to lola that are apt to be regulated by this transcription factor. These data further demonstrate that excessive expression of the actin nucleation factor Spire is as deleterious for axon growth in vivo as is the loss of Spire, thus highlighting the need for a balance in the elementary steps of actin dynamics to achieve effective neuronal morphogenesis. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459591 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5410489&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F36 Spinal neuron growth is mediated by PI3K and Smad as divergent steps, in a single signaling pathway, that lead to axon orientation and neural specification respectively. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5410489 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5410489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401681&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F35 Conclusions: Our current study establishes the existence of a unique and significant population of basal progenitor cells in the thalamus and their dependence on neurogenins and Pax6. These progenitor cells may have important roles in enhancing the generation of neurons within the thalamus and may also be critical for generating neuronal diversity in this complex brain region. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401681 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5401681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316909&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F34 Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence of the presence of seven neuroblast (NB) lineages responsible for the generation of the larval central brain DA neurons during embryogenesis. otd is expressed in a defined group of clonally related DA neurons from first instar larvae to adulthood, making it possible to establish an identity relationship between the larval DL2a and the adult PPL2 DA clusters. This poses otd as a lineage specific and differential marker of a subset of clonally related DA neurons. Finally, we show that otd is required in those DA neurons for their survival. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316909 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5306050&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F33 Conclusion: Our study thus indicates that BDNF supply from the organ of Corti supports consolidation of type II innervation in the neonatal mouse cochlea. In contrast, type I SGN likely rely on additional sources for trophic support. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5306050 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5306050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240035&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F32 Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which promoter-associated lncRNAs can modulate the activity of their associated protein coding genes, and highlight the importance of this diverse class of molecules in the control of neural development. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240035 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5164450&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F31 Conclusion: Our observations suggest that bipolar and amacrine cell synaptogenesis onto RGCs appear coordinated to rapidly attain a balanced ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapse densities prior to the onset of visual experience. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5164450 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5164450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147835&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F30 Conclusions: These and previous results demonstrate that Ngn2 is required for the coordinated specification of cardinal features defining the phenotype of cortical pyramidal neurons including their migration properties, dendritic morphology and axonal projection. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147835 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5147835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947446&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F29 Conclusions: We define a ventral midbrain precursor map based on the timing of Gli1 and Shh expression, and suggest that the diversity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is at least partially determined during their precursor stage when their medial-lateral position, differential gene expression and the time when they leave the ventricular zone influence their fate decisions. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947446 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4947446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915544&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F28 Conclusions: These results indicate that the conserved UNC-6/Netrin-UNC-40/DCC ligand-receptor pair have a previously unknown function, acting in a juxtacrine manner to specify recognition of individual postsynaptic neurons. Furthermore, they illustrate the potential of this new approach, combining NLG-1 GRASP and behavioral analysis, in gene discovery and characterization. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915544 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4915544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4874237&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F27 Conclusion: Our ability to image the dynamics of F-actin distribution during neuronal morphogenesis in vivo is unprecedented, and our experiments provide insight into the regulation of cell motility as neurons develop in the intact embryo. We identify specific motile cell behaviors affected by LIM-HD transcription factor activity and reveal how transcription factors differentially control the formation and growth of two axons from the same neuron. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4874237 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4874237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4866513&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F26 Conclusions: These results present a new genetic model for understanding the dynein pathway and its functions during neuronal migration. They also provide the first evidence for a link between dynein processivity and somal movement, which is essential for proper development of the brain. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4866513 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4866513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4833528&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F25 Conclusions: The data presented here indicate that the tumor suppressor gene Zac1 is expressed in a complex fashion in the developing cerebellum, including in two dividing progenitor populations and in specific subsets of postmitotic neurons, including Golgi cells and GABAergic neurons in the medial nuclei, which require Zac1 for their differentiation. We thus conclude that Zac1 is a critical regulator of normal cerebellar development, adding a new transcriptional regulator to the growing list of factors involved in generating neuronal diversity in the developing cerebellum. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4833528 Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4833528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4807702&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F23 Dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mesodiencephalon are affected in significant health disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, and addiction. The ultimate goal of current research endeavours is to improve the clinical treatment of such disorders, like providing a protocol for cell replacement therapy in PD which will successfully promote the specific differentiation of a stem cell into a DA neuronal phenotype. Decades of research on the developmental mechanisms of the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) system has led to the identification of many signaling pathways and transcription factors critical in its development. The unravelling of these pathways will help fill in the pieces of the big puzzle which today dominates neurodevelopment research: how to make and maint... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4807702 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4807702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4807701&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F24 Conclusions: Our results indicate that trafficking of STVs and PTVs is coordinated even prior to synapse development. This novel coordination of transport and pausing might provide mechanisms through which all of the components of a presynaptic terminal can be rapidly accumulated at sites of synapse formation. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4807701 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4807701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784136&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F21 Conclusions: These results demonstrate that experimental elevation of EphA4 promotes network activity in vitro, supporting spine maturation and generating stronger synaptic pairings and more active circuitry. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784136 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4784136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784135&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F22 Conclusion: Directed axonal growth of dorsal commissural interneurons requires an elaborate mixture of instructive (guidance) and permissive (outgrowth supporting) molecules. While Wnt and Shh signalling pathways have been shown to specify the growth direction of post-crossing commissural axons, our study now provides evidence that homophilic MDGA2 interactions are essential for axonal extension along the longitudinal axis. Interestingly, so far each part of the complex axonal trajectory of commissural axons uses its own set of guidance and growth promoting molecules possibly explaining why such a high number of molecules influencing the growth pattern of commissural interneurons has been identified. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784135 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4784135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4759955&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F17 Conclusions: These findings represent the first systematic genome-wide analysis of the effects of in ovo electroporation on gene expression during embryonic development. The analysis reveals that this process has minimal impact on the genetic basis of cell fate specification. Thus, the study demonstrates the validity of the in ovo electroporation technique to study gene function and expression during development. Furthermore, the data presented here can be used as a resource to refine the set of transcriptional responders in future in ovo electroporation studies of specific gene function. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4759955 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4759955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4755645&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F15 Conclusions: These findings suggest that the rise of ecdysteroids during the prepupal pulse acts directly, via EcR-B isoforms, to activate PCD in RP2 motoneurons in abdominal neuromeres A2 to A7, while sparing RP2s in A1. Genetic manipulations suggest that RP2's death requires Reaper function, apoptosome assembly and Diap1-independent caspase activation. RP2s offer a valuable 'single cell' approach to the molecular understanding of neuronal death during insect metamorphosis and, potentially, of neurodegeneration in other contexts. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4755645 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4755645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4755644&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F16 In this study we use a multi-lineage approach to explore the neural function of Par-complex member Par3/Bazooka in vivo. Drosophila bazooka is expressed in post-mitotic neurons of the larval brain and localizes within neurons in a lineage-dependent manner. The fact that multiple GAL4 drivers have been mapped to several lineages of the Drosophila brain enables us to investigate the role of Bazooka from larval to adult stages. Bazooka loss-of-function clones have abnormal morphologies including aberrant pathway choice of ventral projection neurons in the BAla1 lineage, ectopic branching in the DALv2 and BAmv1 lineages, and excess BLD5 lineage axon projections in the optic medulla. Exogenous expression of Bazooka protein in BAla1 neurons rescues defective guidance, supporting an intrinsic re... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4755644 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4755644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4737428&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F14 Conclusions: Our data indicate that Rbpj-mediated canonical Notch signaling inhibit DRG neuronal differentiation possibly by regulating NeuroD1 expression and is required for DRG gliogenesis in vivo. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4737428 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4737428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678460&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F10 Conclusions: Development of a multicolor FISH procedure allowed the comparison of transcript gene expression domains in the embryonic zebrafish brain to a cellular level. Likewise, this method should be applicable for mRNA colocalization studies in any other tissues or organs. The key optimization steps of this method for use in zebrafish can easily be implemented in whole-mount FISH protocols of other organisms. Moreover, our improved reaction conditions may be beneficial in any application that relies on a TSA/POD-mediated detection system, such as immunocytochemical or immunohistochemical methods. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678460 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4678460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678459&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F11 Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that precise microRNA expression is critical for the postnatal development of prefrontal cortical circuitry. Similar defects in neuronal maturation resulting from microRNA deficiency could represent endophenotypes of certain neuropsychiatric diseases of developmental onset. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678459 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4678459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678458&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: We provide the first comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial generation of OB glutamatergic neurons and identify distinct populations of juxtaglomerular interneurons that differ in their antigenic properties and time of origin. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678458 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4678458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678457&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F13 Conclusions: All together, our results provide a baseline onto which future studies aiming at investigating the role of factors in postnatal forebrain neuronal specification can be compared. Targeted electroporation of defined LV NSC populations will prove valuable to study the genetic factors involved in forebrain neuronal specification. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678457 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4678457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4607503&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F8 Conclusions: Some ipRGCs differ not only functionally but also developmentally from RGCs that mediate pattern-forming vision. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4607503 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4607503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4607502&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: We conclude that Foxg1 exerts control over telencephalic progenitor proliferation by cell autonomous mechanisms that include the regulation of Pax6, which itself is known to regulate proliferation cell autonomously in a regional manner. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4607502 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4607502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4583258&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F7 In the adult visual system, functionally distinct retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) within each eye project to discrete targets in the brain. In the ferret, RGCs encoding light increments or decrements project to independent On and Off sublaminae within each eye-specific layer of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Here we report a manipulation of retinal circuitry that alters RGC action potential firing patterns during development and eliminates the anatomical markers of segregated On and Off sublaminae in the LGN, including the intersublaminar spaces and the expression of a glial-associated inhibitory molecule, ABAKAN, normally separating On and Off leaflets. Despite the absence of anatomically defined On and Off sublaminae, electrophysiological recordings in the dLGN reveal that O... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4583258 Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4583258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4420761&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F4 We report that NKCC1 activity is necessary for maintaining normal migratory speed. Both pharmacological and genetic manipulations revealed that NKCC1 maintains high [Cl-]i and regulates the resting membrane potential of migratory neuroblasts whilst its functional expression is strongly reduced at the time cells reach the GCL. As in other developing systems, NKCC1 shapes GABAA-dependent signaling in the RMS neuroblasts. Also, we show that NKCC1 controls the migration of neuroblasts in the RMS. The present study indeed indicates that the latter effect results from a novel action of NKCC1 on the resting membrane potential, which is independent of GABAA-dependent signaling. All in all, our findings show that early stages of the postnatal recruitment of OB interneurons rely on precise, orchestr... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4420761 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4420761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4420760&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F5 Conclusions: Our results suggest that Bap55 functions through the TIP60 chromatin remodeling complex to regulate dendrite wiring specificity in PNs. The specificity of the mutant phenotypes suggests a position for the TIP60 complex at the top of a regulatory hierarchy that orchestrates dendrite targeting decisions. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4420760 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4420760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4420759&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F6 Conclusions: Altogether, these results suggest a role for Insm1 in promoting the transition of progenitors from apical and proliferative to basal, terminal and neuronogenic. This role appears partially conserved with that of its nematode ortholog, egl-46. The similar effects of Insm1 deletion on progenitors of embryonic olfactory epithelium and cortex point to striking parallels in the development of these neuroepithelia, and particularly between the basal progenitors of olfactory epithelium and the subventricular zone progenitors of cortex. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4420759 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4420759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319658&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F3 Conclusions: These data demonstrate the feasibility of a forward genetic approach to understanding mammalian brain morphogenesis and wiring. A robust axonal reporter enabled sensitive analysis of a specific axon tract inside the mouse brain, identifying mutant phenotypes at multiple steps of the pathway, and revealing a new aspect of the Emx2 mutant. The phenotypes highlight vulnerable choice points and latent tendencies of TCAs, and will lead to a refined understanding of the elements and interactions required to form the thalamocortical system.See Commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/9/1 (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319658 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4319658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4306490&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F1 Conclusions: These data reveal, in detail, the cellular and extracellular events that occur during newt spinal cord regeneration after a transection injury and uncover an important role for meningeal and glial cells in facilitating axon regeneration. Given that these cell types interact to form inhibitory barriers in mammals, identifying the mechanisms underlying their permissive behaviors in the newt will provide new insights for improving spinal cord regeneration in mammals. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4306490 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4306490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4306489&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F2 Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the influences of serotonin on adult neurogenesis in the crayfish brain are confined to the late second-generation precursors and their descendants. Further, the distribution of 5-HT1alpha and 5-HT2beta mRNAs and proteins indicate that these serotonergic effects are exerted directly on specific generations of neuronal precursors. Taken together, these results suggest that the influence of serotonin on adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain is lineage dependent, and that 5-HT1alpha and 5-HT2beta receptors underlie these effects. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4306489 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4306489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216511&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F31 We previously identified four functionally distinct human NUMB isoforms. Here, we report the identification of two additional isoforms and propose a link between the expression of these isoforms and cancer. These novel isoforms, NUMB5 and NUMB6, lack exon 10 and are expressed in cells known for polarity and migratory behavior, such as human amniotic fluid cells, glioblastoma and metastatic tumor cells. RT-PCR and luciferase assays demonstrate that NUMB5 and NUMB6 are less antagonistic to NOTCH signaling than other NUMB isoforms. Immunocytochemistry analyses show that NUMB5 and NUMB6 interact and complex with CDC42, vimentin and the CDC42 regulator IQGAP1 (IQ (motif) GTPase activating protein 1). Furthermore, the ectopic expression of NUMB5 and NUMB6 induces the formation of lamellipodia (N... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216511 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216510&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F32 Conclusions: Our comparative approach has revealed several novel candidates that may serve as future targets for studies of mammalian forebrain development. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216510 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216509&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F33 Conclusions: Taken together, our findings reveal a remarkable conservation of the linkage of functional lateralization with size differences across phylogeny and provide the first insights into the developmentally programmed regulatory mechanisms that control neuron size lateralities. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216509 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4128702&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F28 Conclusions: The consequences of boi;ihog mutations for eye development, neural differentiation and wing patterning phenocopy those of smo mutations and uncover an essential role for Ihog and Boi in the Hh signaling pathway. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4128702 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4128702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4128701&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F29 Conclusions: Our observations show that RGC dendritic arbors acquire an apical orientation by selective and gradual restriction of dendrite addition to the apical side of the cell body, rather than by preferential dendrite stabilization or elimination. A biased arbor emerges at a stage when many of the dendritic processes still appear exploratory. The generation of an oriented RGC dendritic arbor is likely to be determined by cell-extrinsic cues. Such cues are unlikely to be localized to the basal lamina of the inner retina, but rather may be provided by cells presynaptic to the RGCs. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4128701 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4128701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4128700&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F30 Conclusions: This indicates that retinal cells secrete proneurotrophins, inducing the ephrinA-p75NTR interaction and enabling repellent axon guidance. The antagonistic functions of proBDNF and BDNF raise the possibility that topographic branching is controlled by local control of processing of proneurotrophins. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4128700 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4128700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4069770&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F27 Conclusions: Our results suggest that even though Notch signalling has been shown to play important roles in cerebellar development, signalling via RBP-J is surprisingly not required in granule neuron progenitors. Furthermore, RBP-J inactivation in these cells does not influence the formation of medulloblastoma initiated by Hedgehog pathway activation. This may suggest a requirement of Notch in cerebellar development at a different developmental stage or in a different cell type than examined here - for example, in the neural stem cells of the ventricular zone. In addition, it remains a possibility that, in granule neuron progenitors, Notch may signal via an alternative pathway without the requirement for RBP-J. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4069770 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4069770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3922644&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F22 Conclusions: In this work we describe a novel role for Meis1 in regulating Bmp signalling and in specifying temporal identity in the retina. By patterning both the retina and tectum, Meis1 plays an important role in establishing the retinotectal map and organizing the visual system. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3922644 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3922644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3922643&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F23 Conclusions: Previously unknown behaviors are revealed for a subset of Purkinje cells born early in the posteior lateral cerebellum: tangential migration; early axonogenesis; and Reelin-dependent reorientation initiating PP formation. This study provides a solid basis for further elucidation of Reelin's function and the mechanisms underlying the cerebellar corticogenesis, and will contribute to the understanding of how polarization of individual cells drives overall brain morphogenesis. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3922643 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3922643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3922642&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F24 Conclusion: These results provide evidence for the concurrent transport and/or assembly of multiple components of the active zone in developing ribbon terminals. Members of the complexin 3/4 subfamily are enriched in these terminals in the visual system and in hair bundles of the acousticolateral system, suggesting that these proteins are differentially targeted and may have multiple roles in ribbon-containing sensory neurons. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3922642 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3922642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3897742&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F21 Conclusions: Nolz1 promotes RA signaling in the LGE, contributing to the striatal neurogenesis during development. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3897742 Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3897742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3883349&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F20 Olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons exit the olfactory epithelium (OE) and extend toward the olfactory bulb (OB) where they coalesce into glomeruli. Each OSN expresses only 1 of approximately 1,200 odor receptors (ORs). OSNs expressing the same OR are distributed in restricted zones of the OE. However, within a zone, the OSNs expressing a specific OR are not contiguous - distribution appears stochastic. Upon reaching the OB the OSN axons expressing the same OR reproducibly coalesce into two to three glomeruli. While ORs appear necessary for appropriate convergence of axons, a variety of adhesion associated molecules and activity-dependent mechanisms are also implicated. Recent data suggest pre-target OSN axon sorting may influence glomerular convergence. Here, using regional and OR-specif... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3883349 Wed, 18 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3883349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3829486&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F19 Correction to Insinna C, Baye LM, Amsterdam A, Besharse JC, Link BA. Analysis of a zebrafish dync1h1 mutant reveals multiple functions for cytoplasmic dynein 1 during retinal photoreceptor development. Neural Development 2010, 5:12. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3829486 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3829486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3792483&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F18 Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that T3 action on the early Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation process is mediated by RORalpha. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3792483 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3792483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3765857&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F17 Conclusions: We conclude that in smoking mothers, nicotine and its derivatives easily reach the cerebrospinal fluid in the fetus, immediately causing ependymal damage. Consequently, we suggest that the ependyma should be examined in-depth first in victims of sudden fetal or infant death with mothers who smoke. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3765857 Sun, 18 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3765857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3685390&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F16 Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both Slits and Netrin-1 contribute to floor plate-derived chemorepulsion of cranial motor axons. They further indicate that RhoA/ROCK, MLCK and myosin II are components of Slit and Netrin-1 signalling pathways, and suggest that these pathways are of key importance in cranial motor axon navigation. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3685390 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3685390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3674122&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F15 Conclusions: Together, our analysis shows that transient GABA synthesis in horizontal cells is not critical for synapse assembly and axonal and dendritic lamination in the outer retina. However, pre- and postsynaptic structures are somewhat enlarged in the absence of GABA in the developing outer retina, providing for a modest increase in potential contact area between cone photoreceptors and their targets. These findings differ from previous results in which pharmacological blockade of GABAA receptors in the neonatal rabbit retina caused a reduction in cone numbers and led to a grossly disorganized outer retina. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3674122 Thu, 17 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3674122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3601370&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F14 Conclusions: Taken together, these data reveal a differential contribution of Shh-expressing and Shh-responding cells to medial amygdala neuronal diversity as well as the function of Nkx2-1 in the development of this important limbic system structure. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3601370 Wed, 26 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3601370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3492275&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: Our results indicate that Dynein1 is required for multiple cellular processes in photoreceptor neurons, including organelle positioning, proper outer segment morphogenesis, and potentially post-Golgi vesicle trafficking. Titrated knock-down of dync1h1 indicated that outer segment morphogenesis was affected in photoreceptors that showed normal inner segments. These observations, combined with protein localization studies, suggest that Dynein1 may have direct and essential functions in photoreceptor outer segments, in addition to inner segment functions. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3492275 Wed, 21 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3492275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3446157&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F11 Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that excitatory GABA receptor activation regulates the maturation of dendritic morphology in the developing spinal cord by an activity-dependent mechanism. However, inhibition of dendritic outgrowth caused by disruption of GABA-driven activity does not alter the maturation of spontaneous electrical activity generated by spinal cord networks, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms can reverse any adverse effect of dendritic morphology on network function. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3446157 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3446157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3439127&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F10 Conclusion: The distribution and dynamics of glutamatergic markers indicate that newborn KCs transiently accumulate Glu at a high level in late pupal and young eclosed Drosophila, and may locally release this amino acid by a mechanism that would not involve dVGluT. At this stage, Glu can bind to intrinsic mGluRs abundant in the alpha/betac KCs, and to NMDA receptors in the rest of the MB neuropil, before being captured and metabolized in surrounding glial cells. This suggests that Glu acts as an autocrine or paracrine agent that contributes to the structural and functional maturation of the MB during the first hours of Drosophila adult life. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3439127 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3439127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3413412&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: Our results suggest that the laminin-containing ventral basement membrane, dependent on the activity of the PAR-aPKC complex in the hindbrain neuroepithelium, is both a substrate for migration and a boundary that constrains facial branchiomotor neurons to the appropriate migratory path. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3413412 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3413412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3380853&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F8 Conclusions: The neocortical developmental program predates Eutheria-Methatheria branching. However, in metatherians, unlike eutherians, a basal proliferative compartment is not needed for the formation of a six-layered neuronal blueprint. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3380853 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3380853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3364715&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F7 Sensory experience plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal shape and in developing synaptic contacts during brain formation. These features are required for a neuron to receive, integrate, and transmit signals within the neuronal network so that animals can adapt to the constant changing environment. Insulin receptor signaling, which has been extensively studied in peripheral organ systems such as liver, muscle and adipocyte, has recently been shown to play important roles in the central nervous system. Here we review the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms that regulate structural and functional aspects of circuit development, particularly with respect to the role of insulin receptor signaling in synaptic function and the development of dendritic arbor morphology. The p... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3364715 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3364715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3304466&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F6 Conclusions: Nav2 functions in mammalian nervous system development, and is required for normal cranial nerve development and blood pressure regulation in the adult. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3304466 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3304466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225974&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that unf plays a common role in the development of all types of MB neurons. Our data indicate that unf is necessary for MB axon extension and branching and that the formation of dorsal collaterals is more sensitive to the loss of unf function than medial projections. The asymmetrical phenotypes observed in compound heterozygotes support the hypothesis that the earliest MB axons may serve as pioneers for the later-born MB neurons, providing evidence for pioneer MB axon guidance in post-embryonic development. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225974 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225973&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F5 Conclusion: Inhibitory synapses, like excitatory synapses, undergo significant postnatal remodeling. The time course of the remodeling of inhibitory connections correlates with the emergence of orientation tuning in the visual cortex, implicating these rearrangements in the genesis of adult cortical response properties. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225973 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3225973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3195653&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F3 The transcription factor Brn3a, product of the pou4f1 gene, is expressed in most sensory neurons throughout embryogenesis. Prior work has demonstrated a role for Brn3a in the repression of early neurogenic genes; here we describe a second major role for Brn3a in the specification of sensory subtypes in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Sensory neurons initially co-express multiple Trk-family neurotrophin receptors, but are later marked by the unique expression of TrkA, TrkB or TrkC. Maturation of these sensory subtypes is known to depend on the expression of Runx transcription factors. Newborn Brn3a knockout mice fail to express TrkC, which is associated in the TG with mechanoreceptors, plus a set of functional genes associated with nociceptor subtypes. In embryonic Brn3a-/- ganglia, the norma... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3195653 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3195653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3161577&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F2 Conclusions: Taken together our data are consistent with a model in which TNF-alpha causes premature stabilization of developing synapses within the tectum, therefore preventing normal refinement and synapse elimination that occurs during development, leading to increased local connectivity and epilepsy. This experimental model also provides an integrative approach to understanding the effects of cytokines on the development of neural circuits and may provide novel insights into the etiology underlying some neurodevelopmental disorders. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3161577 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3161577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138253&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F1 Conclusions: We demonstrate that Cdc4, an ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit previously identified as targeting primarily cell cycle regulators for proteolysis, has additional roles in control of formation of the neural crest. Hence, we identify Cdc4 as a protein with separable but complementary functions in control of cell proliferation and differentiation. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138253 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3138253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3081083&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F44 Conclusions: Our findings provide cellular and molecular evidence for the fact that DM neuroblasts are multipotent progenitors; thus, they represent the first identified progenitor cells in the fly brain that have neuroglioblast functions during postembryonic development. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the adult-specific neurons of the DM lineages arborize widely in the brain and also make a major contribution to the developing central complex. These findings suggest that the amplification of proliferation that characterizes DM lineages may be an important requirement for generating the large number of neurons required in highly complex neuropile structures such as the central complex in the Drosophila brain. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3081083 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3081083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3046463&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F42 Conclusions: Neonatal gamma-MNs display a unique molecular profile characterized by the differential expression of a series of markers - Gfralpha1, Hb9::GFP and NeuN - and the selective dependence on muscle spindle-derived GDNF. Deletion of GDNF expression from muscle spindles results in the selective elimination of gamma-MNs with preservation of the spindle and its sensory innervation. This provides a mouse model with which to explore the specific role of gamma-fusimotor activity in motor behaviors. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3046463 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3046463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949311&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F39 Conclusions: These data show the potential for diverse functions of Broad within the developing CNS. The Br-Z3 isoform appears in all interneurons, but not motoneurons, when they first begin to interact with potential targets. Its function during this early sorting phase needs to be defined. Two other Broad isoforms, by contrast, are stably expressed in cohorts of neurons in all lineages and are the first examples of persisting molecular 'time-stamps' for Drosophila postembryonic neurons. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949311 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2949311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949310&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F40 Conclusions: We show that miR-124 expression is progressively up-regulated in the mouse embryonic neocortex during the apical to basal transition of neural precursor cells and upon their exit from cell cycle, and that miR-124 is involved in the fine regulation of these processes. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949310 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2949310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2949309&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F41 Conclusions: Our results indicate that the activation of the Wnt pathway through Frizzled-1 occurs at the presynaptic level, and suggest that the synaptic effects of the Wnt signaling pathway could be modulated by local activation through synaptic Frizzled receptors. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2949309 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2949309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853804&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F36 The Notch pathway is instrumental for cell fate diversification during development. Pioneer studies conducted in Drosophila and more recent work performed in vertebrates have shown that in the nervous system, Notch is reiteratively employed when cells choose between two alternative fates, a process referred to as a binary fate decision. While the early (neural versus epidermal) fate decisions mainly involve an inhibitory effect of Notch on the neural fate, late fate decisions (choice between different subtypes of neural cells) have been proposed to involve a binary switch activity whereby Notch would be instructive for one fate and inhibitory for the other. We re-examine this binary switch model in light of two recent findings made in the vertebrate nervous system. First, in the zebrafish ... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853804 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853803&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F37 Conclusions: Our study provides the basis on which we can investigate the genetic programs controlling dendritic remodeling and programmed cell death of adult neurons, and the life-long maintenance of dendritic arbors. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853803 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2853802&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F38 Conclusions: Our results indicate that the Arp2/3 complex is required cell-autonomously for axon guidance and growth cone filopodia initiation. Furthermore, they show that two other actin-binding proteins, UNC-115/abLIM and UNC-34/Enabled, also control growth cone filopodia formation, possibly in parallel to Arp2/3. These studies indicate that, in vivo, multiple actin modulatory pathways including the Arp2/3 complex contribute to growth cone filopodia formation during growth cone outgrowth. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2853802 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2853802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764288&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F33 Conclusions: These data add to a growing literature that implicates the glypican family of HSPGs in organ size control. They also argue that, among heparan sulfate-dependent signaling molecules, FGFs are disproportionately sensitive to loss of HSPGs. Finally, because heterozygous Gpc1 mutant mice were found to have brain sizes half-way between homozygous and wild type, the data imply that endogenous HSPG levels quantitatively control growth factor signaling, a finding that is both novel and relevant to the general question of how the activities of co-receptors are exploited during development. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764288 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764287&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F34 Conclusions: The timing of Ptf1a expression suggests that it is involved in the very early stages or steps in the differentiation of amacrine cells, which, due to the perdurance of the Ptf1a:GFP, can be seen to rapidly diversify into a large number of subtypes. This work sets the stage for future studies looking at genetic specification of amacrine subtypes. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764287 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764286&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F35 Conclusions: The forebrain is exposed to a multitude of Wnts and Wnt inhibitors that are expressed in a highly dynamic and complex fashion, precluding simple correlative conclusions about their respective functions or signalling mechanisms. In various biological systems, Wnts are antagonised by Shh signalling. By demonstrating that Wnt4 expression in the thalamus is repressed by Shh from the ZLI we reveal an additional level of interaction between these two pathways and provide an example for the cross-regulation between patterning centres during forebrain regionalisation. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764286 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2773578&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F31 Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the turtle proteins function as axon guidance cues that promote midline attraction, axon branching, and axonal invasiveness. The latter two capabilities are required by migrating axons to explore densely packed targets. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2773578 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2773578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2704699&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F31 Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the turtle proteins function as axon guidance cues that promote midline attraction, axon branching, and axonal invasiveness. The latter two capabilities are required by migrating axons to explore densely packed targets. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2704699 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2704699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2704698&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F32 Conclusions: These studies demonstrate for the first time quantitative changes in Pax6 protein expression during the preneurogenic to neurogenic transition and during the neurogenic cell cycle. The results indicate that Pax6 protein levels are stringently controlled in proliferating progenitors. Maintaining a relatively low Pax6 protein level is necessary for S phase re-entry, whereas rapid accumulation or reduction of Pax6 protein during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle may be required for specific neuronal fates. These findings thus provide novel insights on the dynamic regulation of Pax6 protein among neurogenic progenitors and the temporal frame of neuronal fate determination. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2704698 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2704698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2665628&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F29 Conclusions: These experiments provide evidence that Homer1 is an essential component of the calcium signalling repertoire within motile growth cones, regulating guidance-cue-induced calcium release and maintaining basal cytosolic calcium. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2665628 Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2665628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2665627&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F30 Conclusions: This in vitro analysis allows for the first time a comparison of the developmental capacities in situ and in vitro of individual neural precursors of defined spatial and temporal origin. The data reveal that cells isolated at the pre-mitotic and pre-delamination stage express characteristics of the progenitor type appropriate to their site of origin in the embryo. However, presumptive neuroblasts, once specified in the neuroectoderm, exhibit a higher degree of autonomy regarding generation of their lineages compared to mesectodermal midline progenitors. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2665627 Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2665627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2599902&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F26 Conclusions: Both immunocytochemical and live imaging analyses showed that newly formed microtubules predominated at the distal end of axons and dendrites, suggesting a common mechanism that incorporates increased microtubule polymerization at growing process tips. Dendrites had more immature, dynamic microtubules throughout the entire arbor than did axons, however. Identifying these differences in microtubule stability and polymerization is a necessary first step toward understanding how they are developmentally regulated, and may reveal novel mechanisms underlying neuron maturation and dendritic plasticity that extend beyond the initial specification of polarity. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2599902 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2599902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2599901&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F27 Conclusions: Lrrn2 acts downstream of Hoxb1 and plays a role in the selective targeting of r4 motor neurons to BA2. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2599901 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2599901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2599900&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F28 Conclusions: We demonstrate that uniformly low-level neural progenitor cell death, as concluded in previous models, is incompatible with normal mouse cortical development. Levels of neural progenitor cell death up to and exceeding 50% are compatible with normal cortical development and may operate to prevent forebrain overgrowth as observed following cell death attenuation, as occurs in caspase 3-null mutant mice. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2599900 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2599900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2574705&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F23 No description available (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2574705 Sun, 05 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2574705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2574704&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F24 Prior to eye-opening and the development of visual responses, the retina exhibits highly correlated spontaneous firing pattens termed retinal waves. Disruption of the normal spontaneous firing pattern either genetically or pharmacologically prevents the eye-specific refinement of retinogeniculate afferents. Here I provide the evidence that retinal waves play an instructive role in this process. In addition, I argue that a full understanding requires an identification of the features of retinal activity that drive the refinement as well as an understanding of mechanisms that transform these signals into axonal rearrangements. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2574704 Sun, 05 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2574704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2574703&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F25 In all mammalian species the projections of the two eyes to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus are initially overlapping before gradually forming the eye-specific domains evident at maturity. It is widely thought that retinal waves of neuronal activity play an instructional role in this developmental process. Here, I discuss the myriad reasons why retinal waves are unlikely to have such a role, and suggest that eye-specific molecular cues in combination with neuronal activity are most probably involved in the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2574703 Sun, 05 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2574703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2492066&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F22 Conclusions: Our analyses of nsf mutant zebrafish reveal an unexpected role for NSF in hypothalamic development, with mutant 5-days-post-fertilization larvae exhibiting a stage-dependent loss of neuroendocrine transcripts and a corresponding accumulation of neuropeptides in the soma. Based on our collective findings, we speculate that neuroendocrine transcriptional programs adapt dynamically to both the supply and demand for neuropeptides to ensure adequate homeostatic responses. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2492066 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2492066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2492067&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F21 Conclusions: The Lim-HD proteins Lhx9 and Lhx1 serve as a binary switch in controlling the rostral versus caudal longitudinal turning of the caudal commissural axons. Lhx1 determines caudal turning and Lhx9 triggers rostral turning. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2492067 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2492067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2465879&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F20 Conclusions: T4's nongenomic regulation of sodium current occurs in different neuronal subtypes, requires the activity of specific phosphorylation pathways, and requires both integrin alphaVbeta3 and Nav1.6a. Our in vivo analyses identify molecules required for T4's rapid regulation of voltage-gated sodium current. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2465879 Mon, 08 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2465879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2460761&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F19 Conclusions: These findings indicate that ventral telencephalic Pax6 is important for formation of the Islet1-expressing corridor and the thalamic and cortical axons that grow through it. We suggest that Pax6 might affect thalamic axonal growth indirectly via its effect on the corridor. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2460761 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2460761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2432830&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F18 Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that in addition to its role as a guidance cue, Sema5B regulates the development and maintenance of synapse size and number in hippocampal neurons. In addition, proteolytic cleavage of Sema5B results in the release of a potentially diffusible semaphorin domain that is a necessary component for its biological function in the regulation of synapse morphology. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2432830 Sat, 23 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2432830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2419749&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F17 Conclusions: Our results suggest that axodendritic contact leads to rapid accumulation of Nlg1, recruitment of NMDARs co-transported with Nlg1 soon thereafter, followed by a slower, independent recruitment of PSD-95 to those nascent synapses. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2419749 Mon, 18 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2419749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2408798&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F16 Conclusions: UNC-7S and UNC-9 are widely expressed and contribute to a large number of the gap junctions identified in the locomotory nervous system. Proper AVB:B gap junction formation requires UNC-7S expression in AVB interneurons and UNC-9 expression in B motor neurons. More broadly, this illustrates that innexin identity is critical for electrical synapse specificity, but differential (compartmentalized) innexin expression cannot account for all of the specificity seen in C. elegans, and other factors must influence the determination of synaptic partners. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2408798 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2408798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2393579&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F15 Conclusions: Our findings show that cyclin D1 has important roles in RPC cell cycle regulation and retinal histogenesis. The reduction in the RPC population due to a longer cell cycle time and to an enhanced rate of cell cycle exit are likely to be the primary factors driving retinal hypocellularity and altered output of precursor populations in the embryonic Ccnd1-/- retina. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2393579 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2393579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2311641&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F14 Conclusions: Our data thus suggest Vsx2-positive RPCs are fully multipotent retinal progenitors and that when Vsx2 is downregulated, Vsx2-negative progenitors escape Vsx2 repression and so are able to express factors that restrict lineage potential. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2311641 Fri, 03 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2311641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2311645&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that zebrafish gbx1 is involved in positioning the MHB in the early neural plate by refining the otx2 expression domain. In addition to its role in MHB formation, we have shown that gbx1 is a novel mediator of Wnt8 signaling during hindbrain patterning. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2311645 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2311645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2311643&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F13 Conclusions: Genetic interactions involving multiple IgCAMs affecting axon outgrowth demonstrate functional overlap among IgCAMs during nervous system development. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2311643 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2311643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2270394&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F11 Conclusions: Our study links the survival function of the Engrailed genes in developing mesDA neurons to the regulation of P75NTR and the sensitivity of these neurons to mitochondrial insult. The similarities to the disease etiology in combination with the nigral phenotype of En1+/-;En2-/- mice suggests that haplotype variations in the Engrailed genes and/or P75NTR that alter their expression levels could, in part, determine susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2270394 Mon, 16 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2270394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2265035&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F10 As the Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium (NPRC) ends its first year, it is worth looking back to see how the experiment has worked. In order to encourage dissemination of the details outlined in this Editorial, it will also be published in other journals in the Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2265035 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2265035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2226811&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F8 Conclusions: These results indicate that cytoplasmic polyadenylation and CPE-mediated translational regulation are involved in retinal axon development, but that CPEB1 may not be the key regulator of polyadenylation in the developing retina. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2226811 Mon, 02 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2226811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2226810&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: We have observed cell proliferation in the Drosophila adult brain. The dividing cells may be adult stem cells, generating glial and/or non-glial cell types. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2226810 Mon, 02 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2226810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182009&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F7 Conclusions: These results provide in vivo evidence that Wnts chemoattract mammalian FBM neurons and that Wnt5a is a candidate to mediate this process. Molecules of the PCP pathway and the JNK and ROCK kinases also play a role in the FBM migration and are likely mediators of Wnt signalling. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182009 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2182009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2156053&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: Activation of Fgfr3 selectively promotes growth of caudolateral (occipitotemporal) cortex. These observations support the 'radial unit' and 'radial amplification' hypotheses and may explain premature sulcation of the occipitotemporal cortex in thanatophoric dysplasia, a human FGFR3 disorder. Together with previous work, this study suggests that formation of rostral and caudal areas are differentially regulated by Fgf signaling in the cerebral cortex. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2156053 Tue, 03 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2156053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2039434&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F35 Conclusions: We demonstrate the identity of inductive signals that are necessary for trigeminal ganglion formation. This is the first report that describes how isthmic derived Wnt signals act in concert with fibroblast growth factor signaling. Together, both are necessary and sufficient for the establishment and differentiation of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular placodes and, consequently, the trigeminal ganglion. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2039434 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2039434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2010795&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F33 Conclusions: We find that the lateral neuroblast of the deutocerebrum gives rise to a large and remarkably diverse set of local interneurons as well as to projection neurons in the antennal lobe. Moreover, we show that specific combinations of these two neuron types are produced in specific time windows in this neuroblast lineage. The development of both these cell types in this lineage requires the function of the empty spiracles gene. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2010795 Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2010795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2010796&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F32 Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the pro- and antisynaptogenic effects of Wnt proteins are associated with the activation of the canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2010796 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2010796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1968274&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F31 After publication of this work [1], we noted that we inadvertently failed to include the complete list of all co-authors. The full list of authors has now been added and the Authors' contributions and Competing interests section modified accordingly. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1968274 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1968274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900865&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F27 Conclusions: Rho-GTPases, through Rock, act downstream of BMP and of G1/S transition to negatively regulate crest delamination by modifying cytoskeleton assembly and intercellular adhesion. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900865 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1900865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900864&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F28 Conclusions: BMP-4 may serve to promote specific chromaffin traits, but is not sufficient to convert sympathetic neurons into a chromaffin phenotype. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900864 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1900864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1815089&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F23 Conclusions: This study reports the first temporal analysis of a neural kinase activity using the chemical-genetic system. It reveals that neuronal polarity and synaptic organization have distinct temporal requirements for SAD-1. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1815089 Mon, 22 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1815089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1782227&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F22 Conclusions: This culture technique provided an efficient method to culture olfactory sensory neurons whose morphology, molecular characteristics and maturation progression resembled those observed in vivo. Using this system, regulation of odorant receptor expression and its ligand specificity can be studied in its intrinsic cellular environment. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1782227 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1782227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1663688&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F18 Conclusions: We provide evidence that Met is necessary for normal development of zebrafish primary and secondary motoneurons. Despite their many similarities, our results show that these two motoneuron subtypes have different requirements for Met function during development, and raise the possibility that Met may act through different intracellular signaling cascades in primary and secondary motoneurons. Surprisingly, although met is not expressed in primary motoneurons until many hours after they have extended axons to and innervated their muscle targets, Met knockdown causes some of these cells to develop a hybrid phenotype in which they co-expressed motoneuron and interneuron neurotransmitters and have both peripheral and central axons. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1663688 Tue, 29 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1663688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1556153&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F15 Conclusion: Our findings indicate that APPs-α regulates the function of APP in neurite outgrowth via the novel mechanism of competing with the binding of APP to Itgβ1. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1556153 Mon, 23 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1556153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1474760&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F13 Conclusions: These data suggest that HOP participates in the regulation of the adult mouse hippocampal stem cell niche by negatively affecting cell survival. In addition, HOP may work as a tumor suppressor in a subset of glioblastomas. HOP function thus appears to be critical in the adult brain in a region of continued plasticity, and its deregulation may contribute to disease. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1474760 Wed, 28 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1474760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409475&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: PCP genes, such as starry night and dachsous orient the bristles and position the neuronal cell body and affect the shape of the dendrites. However, these PCP genes do not appear to change the paths followed by the sensory axons, which must, therefore, be polarised by other factors. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409475 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1403950&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F11 Analysis of cell-cell interactions, function and lineages greatly benefits of selective destruction techniques, which, at present, rely on dedicated, high energy, pulsed lasers and are limited to cells that are detectable by conventional microscopy. We here present a high resolution/sensitivity technique based on confocal microscopy and relying on commonly used UV lasers. Coupling this technique with time-lapse allows for destroying and following of any cell(s) in any pattern(s) in living animals as well as in cell culture systems. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1403950 Mon, 28 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1403950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1401210&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F11 Conclusions: PCP genes, such as starry night and dachsous orient the bristles and position the neuronal cell body and affect the shape of the dendrites. However these PCP genes do not appear to change the paths followed by the sensory axons which must, therefore, be polarised by other factors. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1401210 Sat, 26 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1401210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1358383&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F10 Conclusions: We conclude that Neuroglian is necessary to maintain axon advance along axonal substrates, but is not required for initiation of axon outgrowth, axon fasciculation or recognition of correct growth substrates. Expression of Neuroglian in sensory neurons alone is sufficient to promote axon advance and the intracellular region of the molecule is largely dispensible for this function. It is therefore unlikely that Nrg acts as a molecular "clutch" to couple adhesion of F-actin within the growth cone to the extracellular substrate. Rather, we suggest that Neuroglian mediates sensory axon advance by promoting adhesion of the surface of the growth cone to its substrate. Our finding that stalling of a pioneer sensory neuron is rescued by driving Neuroglian in sensory neurons alone may ... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1358383 Tue, 08 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1358383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1328812&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F8 Conclusions: The spatial pattern of glutamatergic inputs onto RGCs arises early in synaptogenesis despite ensuing reorganization of dendritic structure. We raise the possibility that these early patterns of synaptic distributions may arise from constraints placed on the number of contacts presynaptic neurons are able to make with the RGCs. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1328812 Wed, 26 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1328812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1246205&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F6 Conclusions: These results demonstrate how two guidance cues, TAG-1 and laminin-a1, influence the behavior of growth cones during axon pathfinding in vivo. Our data suggest that TAG-1 functions to allow growth cones to sense environmental cues and mediates positive axon-axon interactions. Laminin-a1 does not regulate axon-axon interactions, but does influence neuronal polarity and directional guidance. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1246205 Wed, 20 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1246205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1241584&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F5 Conclusions: Our findings provide cellular and molecular evidence for a new mode of neurogenesis in the larval brain of Drosophila that involves the amplification of neuroblast proliferation through intermediate progenitors. This type of neurogenesis bears remarkable similarities to neurogenesis in the mammalian brain, where neural stem cells as primary progenitors amplify the number of progeny they generate through generation of secondary progenitors. This suggests that key aspects of neural stem cell biology might be conserved in brain development of insects and mammals. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1241584 Tue, 19 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1241584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1229103&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: Our findings indicate that maintaining neural progenitor cells in proliferation is insufficient to prevent differentiation or alter cell-fate choice. Furthermore, our results indicate that the programs of neuronal specification and differentiation are controlled independently of cell cycle exit. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1229103 Wed, 13 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1229103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1191223&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F3 Conclusions: Type III RPTPs are required for viability in Drosophila, since Ptp4E Ptp10D double mutants die before the larval stage. Unlike Ptp10D, Ptp4E appears to be a relatively minor player in the control of axon guidance. Strong phenotypes are only observed in triple mutants in which both Type III RPTPs are eliminated together with Ptp69D or Ptp52F. Our results allow us to construct a complete genetic interaction matrix for all six of the RPTPs. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1191223 Thu, 31 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1191223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1172707&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F2 Conclusions: Using two independent in vivo methodologies in rat and mouse retina, we have demonstrated that there are distinct waves of genesis of the two major bipolar cell types, with cone bipolar genesis preceding rod bipolar genesis. These waves of bipolar genesis correspond to the order of genesis of the presynaptic photoreceptor cell types. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1172707 Wed, 23 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1172707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1139605&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F1 - (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1139605 Wed, 09 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1139605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1094070&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F27 Conclusions: We conclude that the SCFskp2 complex has functions in the control of neuronal differentiation additional to its role in cell cycle regulation. Thus, it is well placed to be a co-ordinating factor regulating both cell proliferation and cell differentiation directly. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1094070 Fri, 14 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1094070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1067047&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F26 Conclusions: We present a new cellular model of the initial formation of cerebellar fissures with granule cells providing the driving physical force. Both the precise timing of the appearance of anchoring centers at the prospective base of each fissure and the subsequent coordinated action of granule cells and Bergmann glial fibers within the anchoring centers dictates the shape of the folia. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1067047 Mon, 03 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1067047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1024143&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F25 Conclusions: Our results are consistent with a model where planar, rather than vertical, signals position the ZLI at early stages of neural development and they implicate retinoic acid as a novel molecular cue that determines its dorsoventral extent. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1024143 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1024143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1009180&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F24 Conclusions: olrn-1 and voltage-activated calcium channels are mediators and targets of AWC signaling that act at the transition between a multicellular signaling network and cell-autonomous execution of the decision. We suggest that the asymmetry decision in AWC results from the intercellular coupling of voltage-regulated channels, whose cross-regulation generates distinct calcium signals in the left and right AWC neurons. The interpretation of these signals by the kinase cascade initiates the sustained difference between the two cells. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1009180 Tue, 06 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1009180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1004901&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F23 Background: In vertebrates, the primordium of the brain is subdivided by the expression of Otx genes (forebrain/anterior midbrain), Hox genes (posterior hindbrain), and the genes Pax2, Pax5 and Pax8 (intervening region). The latter includes the midbrain/hindbrain boundary (MHB), which acts as a key organizer during brain patterning. Recent studies in Drosophila revealed that orthologous sets of genes are expressed in a similar tripartite pattern in the late embryonic brain, which suggested correspondence between the Drosophila deutocerebral/tritocerebral boundary region and the vertebrate MHB. To gain more insight into the evolution of brain regions, and particularly the MHB, I examined the expression of a comprehensive array of MHB-specific gene orthologs in the procephalic neuroectoderm ... Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1004901 Mon, 05 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1004901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=991672&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F21 Conclusions: We conclude that semaphorin-mediated repellent interactions between boundary cap cells and immature spinal motor neurons regulates somal positioning by countering the drag exerted on motor neuron cell bodies by their axons as they emerge from the CNS at motor exit points. Our data support a model in which BC cell semaphorins signal through Npn-2 and/or Plexin-A2 receptors on motor neurons via a cytoplasmic effector, MICAL3, to trigger cytoskeletal reorganisation. This leads to the disengagement of somal migration from axon extension and the confinement of motor neuron cell bodies to the spinal cord. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=991672 Tue, 30 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 991672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=976260&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F20 Conclusions: Our studies establish a cellular system for studying remodeling of a central neuromodulatory feedback neuron and also identify key elements in this process. Understanding the morphogenesis of such neurons, which have been shown in other systems to modulate the sensitivity and directionality of response to odours, links anatomy to the development of olfactory behaviour. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=976260 Wed, 24 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 976260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=902664&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F18 Conclusions: Present data provide the first evidence for HSPC300 playing a role in nervous system development and demonstrate in vivo that this small protein works in the context of the WAVE/SCAR complex. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=902664 Tue, 25 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 902664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=857908&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F17 Conclusions: Simple factors such as morphogen gradients controlling dorso-ventral soma, dendrite and axon positions may sufficiently constrain the synaptic connections made between different types of neuron as the spinal cord first develops and allow functional networks to form. Our analysis implies that detailed cellular recognition between spinal neuron types may not be necessary for the reliable formation of functional networks to generate early behaviour like swimming. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=857908 Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 857908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=801171&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F16 Conclusions: The F-box protein DFsn binds the ubiquitin ligase Highwire and is required to 1) down-regulate the levels of the Wallenda/DLK kinase and 2) restrain synaptic terminal growth. We propose that DFsn and Highwire participate in an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligase complex whose substrates regulate the structure and function of synapses. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=801171 Wed, 15 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 801171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=737431&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F14 Conclusions: Our results indicate that lola is required for wiring of axons and dendrites of most PN classes, and suggest a need for its molecular diversity. Expression pattern changes of Gal4 drivers in lola-/- clones imply that lola normally represses the expression of these regulatory elements in a subset of the cells surrounding the AL. We propose that lola functions as a general transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes ultimately controlling PN identity and wiring specificity. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=737431 Mon, 16 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 737431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=708687&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F13 Conclusion: We have found that medial LMC neurons innervate both ventral flank and limb targets. While normally only a subset of medial LMC axons innervate the flank, all are capable of doing so. Furthermore, LMC axons execute a ternary, rather than binary, choice at the base of the limb between ventral flank, ventral limb and dorsal limb trajectories. When making this choice, medial and lateral LMC axons exhibit different and asymmetric relative preferences for these three trajectories. These data redefine the LMC as a motor column that innervates both limb and body tissues. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=708687 Mon, 02 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 708687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=700527&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: Our data provide molecular evidence on how closely related homeodomain gene products can differentiate their functions to regulate distinct cell fates. A small "specificity box" is both necessary and sufficient to confer to XOTX2 and XOTX5b their distinct activities in the developing frog retina and to convert the neutral orthologous OTD protein of Drosophila into a positive and specific XOTX-like retinal regulator. Relatively little is known of what gives developmental specificity to homeodomain regulators. We propose that this box is a major domain of XOTX proteins that provides them with the appropriate developmental specificity in retinal histogenesis. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=700527 Wed, 27 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 700527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=672234&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F11 Conclusions: We show here that Zac1 has an essential role in cell number control during retinal development, akin to its role in tumor surveillance in mature tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Zac1 employs a novel cell non-autonomous strategy to regulate amacrine cell number, acting in cooperation with a second tumor suppressor gene, TGFbetaII, through a negative feedback pathway. This raises the intriguing possibility that tumorigenicity may also be associated with the loss of feedback inhibition in mature tissues. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=672234 Fri, 08 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 672234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=585445&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F9 We describe the various cellular systems of Drosophila used for such studies, insights into axonal growth cones and their cytoskeletal dynamics, and summarise identified molecular signalling pathways required for growth cone navigation, with particular focus on pathfinding decisions in the ventral nerve cord of Drosophila embryos. These Drosophila-specific aspects are viewed in the general context of our current knowledge about neuronal growth. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=585445 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 585445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=579189&cid=s_34085_25_f&fid=34085&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuraldevelopment.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F7 Conclusions: We conclude that Drosophila will be a powerful system to study the establishment and maintenance of neuronal compartments. (Source: Neural Development) Neural Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=579189 Mon, 30 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 579189