MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Neuropeptides' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:05:47 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618176&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791200008X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618176 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:01:33 +0100 5618176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618168&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417912000054%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618168 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:01:29 +0100 5618168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618170&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911001041%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on morphine withdrawal-induced behavioral changes and hypothermia in male CFLP mice. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and jump tests were used to assess naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal-induced behavior responses. Different doses of subcutaneous (s.c.) naloxone, (0.1 and 0.2mg/kg, respectively) were used to precipitate the emotional and psychical aspects of withdrawal on EPM and 1mg/kg (s.c.) was used to induce the somatic withdrawal signs such as jumping, and the changes in body temperature. In our EPM studies, naloxone proved to be anxiolytic in mice treated with morphine. Chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of PACAP alone had no signi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618170 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5618170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618171&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791100103X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of the present study was to investigate galanin, GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3 gene expression in the female rat brain 7days after a 60-min unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by reperfusion. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed in punch-biopsies from the locus coeruleus, somatosensory cortex and dorsal hippocampal formation, including sham-operated rats as controls. Galanin gene expression showed a ∼2.5-fold increase and GalR1 a ∼1.5-fold increase in the locus coeruleus of the ischemic hemisphere compared to the control side. Furthermore, the GalR1 mRNA levels decreased by 35% in somatosensory cortex of the ischemic hemisphere. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a depletion of galanin from cell bodies and dendrites in the locus coeruleus after mid... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618171 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5618171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618173&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000898%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: μ1-Opioid receptors and the inferior colliculus have been implicated in several endogenous opioid peptide-mediated responses such as antinociception and convulsion. The present findings suggest the involvement of μ1-opiate receptors of central and pericentral nuclei of the inferior colliculus in the modulation of tonic–clonic seizures and in the organisation of post-ictal antinociception. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618173 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5618173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405178&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000965%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405178 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 23:08:24 +0100 5405178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405168&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791100093X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405168 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 23:08:24 +0100 5405168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618172&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000904%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder associated with mental retardation. Subjects and mice models for Down syndrome (such as Ts65Dn) show defects in the formation of neuronal networks in both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. The principal neurons display alterations in the morphology, density and distribution of dendritic spines in the cortex as well as in the hippocampus. Several evidences point to the possibility that the atrophy observed in principal neurons could be mediated by changes in their inhibitory inputs and, in fact, an imbalance between excitation and inhibition has been observed in Ts65Dn mice in these regions, which are crucial for learning and information processing. These animals have an increased density of interneurons in the primary somat... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618172 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5618172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618174&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000886%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of leptin facilitates lordosis behavior in ad libitum-fed, estrogen-primed rats. The cellular mechanism involved in this response is unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that the nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) pathway is involved in the facilitation of lordosis behavior induced by the central administration of leptin. We tested the importance of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway for lordosis stimulation by either icv infusion of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) or a nitric oxide-dependent, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) 30min before leptin administration (1μg). This dose of leptin reliably induced lordosis behavior in ovariectomized estradiol benzoate treated rats. The lo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618174 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5618174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405170&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000862%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Amyloid diseases occur due to conformational change in the native protein. Understanding the amyloid peptide structural stability and conformational preference at the molecular level in membranous environment may lead to advancement in drug design and therapy. The conformational preferences of amyloid peptide fragments, Aβ1–11, Aβ12–22, Aβ23–33 and Aβ34–42 was studied in buffers, trifluoroethanol (TFE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The fragment, Aβ1–11 in TFE adopts a mixture of random coil and turn conformations. Aβ12–22 and Aβ23-33 underwent transition from random coil to helix conformation, while Aβ34–42 exhibited β-sheet conformation in initial stage which was unaltered on complete evaporation of TFE. A... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405170 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618175&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000874%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aims of the present study were to determine if there is neuronal Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcripts (CART) peptide expression (CART+) in parasympathetic (sphenopalatine (SPG); otic (OG)) and sensory (trigeminal (TG)) ganglia of the head and to examine the neurochemical phenotype (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurofilament 200 (NF200), isolectin B4 (IB4) binding, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactivity) and projection targets (lacrimal gland (LG), parotid gland (PG), nasal mucosa (NM), temporomandibular joint (TMJ), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and middle meningeal artery (MMA)) of CART expressing neurons in these ganglia. We found CART+ neurons in both the SPG (5.25±0.07%) and OG (4.32±0.66). A si... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618175 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5618175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405172&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000734%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of orexin–monoaminergic compound interactions on vasopressin release were studied in 14-day neurohypophyseal cell cultures from adult rats, prepared by an enzymatic dissociation technique. The vasopressin contents of the supernatants were determined by radioimmunoassay. Following administration of either orexin-A or orexin-B in increasing doses, significant changes were not observed in the vasopressin levels of the supernatant media. The vasopressin level substantially increased after epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, dopamine or K+ treatment. Preincubation with either orexin-A or orexin-B reduced the epinephrine-, histamine- or serotonin-induced increases in vasopressin level, but the vasopressin concentrations of the supernatant media remained abo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405172 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205508&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000801%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205508 Sun, 11 Sep 2011 07:57:00 +0100 5205508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205500&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000771%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205500 Sun, 11 Sep 2011 07:57:00 +0100 5205500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405176&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000692%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF) was reported to be increased in the serum and skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, to the extent that serum nerve growth factor levels were proposed to serve as a marker of disease severity. We studied NGF levels in the serum and dermis using skin microdialysis and attempted to correlate them with disease severity. We also examined if potential differences between morning and evening levels of NGF can explain the phenomenon of nocturnal itch. In addition, neurogenic inflammation and itch were induced using histamine iontophoresis in lesional and non-lesional skin and the effect of experimental itch on dermal NGF concentration was examined. We found that systemic (serum) and eczematous skin levels of NGF in AD are significantly lower in comparison to ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405176 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405171&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000746%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Galanin, along with enkephalins and neuropeptide Y, has been hypothesized to negatively modulate nociception in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of presumably excitatory dorsal horn galanin receptor-expressing neurons in nociception by selectively destroying GalR1-expressing superficial dorsal horn interneurons using lumbar intrathecal injections of the targeted cytotoxin, galanin–saporin (Gal–sap). Lumbar intrathecal injection of Gal–sap (500ng) reduced immunoperoxidase staining for GalR1 in the superficial dorsal horn without affecting primary afferent neurons in lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Lumbar intrathecal Gal–sap also: 1 – reduced nocifensive reflex responding on the thermal plate at 0.3°C, 44°... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405171 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405174&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000710%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we first confirmed that the FSL rats displayed increased immobility in the Porsolt forced swim test compared to their control strain, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL), which is indicative of depressive-like behavior. We then examined the number of orexin-, MCH- and CART-immunopositive neurons in the hypothalamus using stereological analyses. We found that the total number of orexin-positive neurons was higher in the hypothalamus of female FSL rats compared to female FRL rats, whereas no changes in the MCH or CART populations could be detected between the strains. Chronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram reduced immobility only in the FRL rats where it also increased the number of MCH positive neurons compared to untreated rats. T... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405174 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405173&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000722%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Vagal sensory afferents innervating airways and abdominal tissues express TRPV1 and TRPA1, two depolarizing calcium permeable ion channels playing a major role in sensing environmental irritants and endogenous metabolites which cause neuropeptide release and neurogenic inflammation. Here we have studied axonal chemosensitivity and control of neuropeptide release from the isolated rat and mouse vagus nerve by using prototypical agonists of these transduction channels – capsaicin, mustard oil and the specific endogenous activators, anandamide (methyl arachidonyl ethanolamide, mAEA), and acrolein, respectively.Capsaicin evoked iCGRP release from the rat vagus nerve with an EC50 of 0.12μM. Co-application of mAEA had a dual effect: nanomolar concentrations of mAEA (0.01μM) signifi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405173 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405177&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000680%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Animal models are useful to evaluate pharmacological therapies to alleviate joint pain. The present study characterized central neuropeptides modulation in the monoiodoacetate (MIA) rat model. Animals receiving a single 3mg MIA injection were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28days post injection. Spinal cords were analyzed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. Up-regulations of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P were observed starting on days 7 and 28 respectively, whereas big dynorphin(1–32) content decreased significantly on day 14 in comparison to control animals (P (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405177 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405175&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000709%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Weight loss inhibits thyrotropic function and reduces metabolic rate, thereby contributing to weight regain. Under negative energy balance there is an increase in the hypothalamic expression of both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti related peptide (AgRP), the endogenous antagonist of melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptors. Both NPY and MC4 receptor antagonism reduce thyrotropic function centrally, but it is not known whether these pathways operate by similar or distinct mechanisms. We compared the time-course of effects of acute or chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of NPY (1.2nmol acute bolus, or 3.5nmol/day for 6days) or the MC4 receptor antagonist HS014 (1.5nmol bolus, or 4.8nmol/day) on plasma concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or free thyroxine (T4)... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405175 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205507&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000679%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: CART peptides are peptide neurotransmitters and hormones that are involved in many different physiological responses. While much is known about the peptides regarding their structure, processing and gene regulation, less is known about their postsynaptic actions and receptors. Using 125I-CART 61–102 as a ligand and unlabeled CART 61–102 or CART 55–102 as displacers, high-affinity specific binding was detected in PC12 cells. Differentiation of the PC12 cells increased specific binding several-fold. The increase in specific binding found after differentiation was inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suggesting that the increase in specific binding was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. CART 1–27, a peptide that has never been shown to elicit responses, did not... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205507 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205506&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000655%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was conducted to examine the effect of neonatal maternal separation on the hypothalamic feeding peptides expression in young female offspring. Sprague–Dawley pups were separated from dam for 3h daily during PND 1–14 (MS), or left undisturbed except routine cage cleaning (NH). Weanling female pups were housed in group and the arcuate mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine–amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) were examined at two months of age with or without food deprivation. The basal arcuate expression levels of these peptides did not differ between NH and MS group. However, a 48h of food deprivation significantly increased NPY mRNA level, and decreased POMC and CART, in the arcuate nucleus of MS females, but not in NH females. Fas... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205506 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205502&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000473%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Evidence suggests that nerve growth factor (NGF) may have antidepressant properties but the pharmacological mechanisms remain unknown. Previously, we found that NGF improved performance in the forced swim test in Flinders Sensitive Line rats, but did not appear to have similar biochemical actions with the antidepressant fluoxetine. Gene expression profiles for neurotransmitter receptors and regulator-related genes in the amygdala/hippocampus were determined in rats treated for 14days with NGF, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, or saline. Gene expression was measured using an RT2 profiler PCR Array System to determine the basis for this effect. Compared with saline, there were numerous genes with significantly altered mRNA levels in the amygdala/hippocampal region. Overlap was found betw... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205502 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205505&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000643%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Induction of seizures by electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) is amongst the most efficacious treatments for major depression. However, the working mechanism by which ECS exerts its antidepressant effects remains elusive. The galanin system is regulated by ECS in seizure-prone brain regions and has been shown to modulate depression-like behaviour. To further explore its potential role in the antidepressant effects of ECS the galanin system was investigated by in situ hybridisation and [125I]-galanin receptor binding during repeated ECS in the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe and discrete nuclei of the hypothalamus. Adult mice were treated with ECS once daily for 14 consecutive days, a paradigm previously shown to exert antidepressant-like effects. Significant increases in galanin tra... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205505 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077378&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000564%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077378 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:09:23 +0100 5077378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077370&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000503%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077370 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:09:20 +0100 5077370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077369&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000539%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077369 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 06:09:20 +0100 5077369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205504&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000497%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Angiotensin (Ang) III is a biologically active metabolite of Ang II with similar effects and receptor binding properties as Ang II. Most Ang III studies delineate physiological effects of the peptide but, the intracellular pathways leading to the actions are unknown and are a focus of these studies. We investigated in cultured brainstem and cerebellum rat astrocytes whether Ang III stimulates ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases and astrocyte growth. Ang III significantly stimulated ERK1/2 MAP kinases in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The maximal stimulation occurred with 100nM Ang III (2.8±0.3 and 2.3±0.1-fold over basal, in brainstem and cerebellum astrocytes, respectively). This stimulation occurred as early as 1min, and was sustained for at least 15min. Moreov... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205504 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205503&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000485%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Present in vitro investigation for the first time in ectotherms demonstrated the immunomodulatory role of substance P in the wall lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Substance P inhibited the percentage phagocytosis and phagocytic index of lizard splenic phagocytes. Inhibitory effect of substance P was completely blocked by NK-1 receptor antagonist spantide I, indicating the NK-1 receptor mediated action. Further, NK-1 receptor-coupled downstream signaling cascade involved in controlling phagocytosis was explored using inhibitors of adenylate cyclase (SQ 22536) and protein kinase A (H-89). Both the inhibitors, in a concentration-related manner decreased the suppressive effect of substance P on phagocytosis. In addition, substance P treatment caused an increase in intracellular cAMP... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205503 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077377&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000461%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objective: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a leading genetic cause of obesity, characterized by hyperphagia, endocrine and developmental disorders. It is suggested that the intense hyperphagia could stem, in part, from impaired gut hormone signaling. Previous studies produced conflicting results, being confounded by differences in body composition between PWS and control subjects.Design: Fasting and postprandial gut hormone responses were investigated in a cross-sectional cohort study including 10 adult PWS, 12 obese subjects matched for percentage body fat and central abdominal fat, and 10 healthy normal weight subjects.Methods: PYY[total], PYY[3–36], GLP-1[active] and ghrelin[total] were measured by ELISA or radioimmunoassay. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ra... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077377 Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618169&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000448%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well-known cellular mitogen, and a vascular growth factor and permeability regulator. It participates in physiological and pathological processes of angiogenesis and in the development of lymphatic vessels. In addition to the proangiogenic activity, studies of recent years have revealed neurotrophic and neuroprotective potential of VEGF both in the peripheral and central nervous system. VEGF directly influences Schwann cells, neuronal progenitor cells, astrocytes and microglia. This factor plays an import role in developmental processes of the nervous tissue since it is implicated in neurogenesis and the regulation of neuronal development, and in the differentiation and formation of vessels in the brain. VEGF elicits its biological e... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618169 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5618169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077375&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000436%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Glutathione (GSH) is an important regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. In the brain, glutathione is considered a major antioxidant, which is also found at high concentrations in the extracellular environment. Altered GSH balance in plasma, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been observed in several disorders suggesting that an impaired antioxidant function is part of the pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible relationship between glutathione in plasma and CSF. Blood samples were collected from 26 healthy male volunteers at 8a.m., noon, 4p.m. and 8p.m. At 8a.m. the following morning, blood was drawn and three 6-ml fractions of CSF were collected by lumbar puncture. In CSF, a disrupted gradient was found showing the highest glutath... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077375 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077376&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791100045X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present here a site-directed mutagenesis study of four amino acid positions in the human Y2 receptor. T3.40 was selected based on sequence alignments both between subtypes and between species and G2.68, L4.60 and Q6.55 also on previous binding studies of the corresponding positions in the Y1 receptor. The mutated receptors were characterized pharmacologically with the peptide agonists NPY, PYY, PYY(3–36), NPY(13–36) and the non-peptide antagonist BIIE0246. Interestingly, the affinity of NPY and PYY(3–36) increased for the mutants T3.40I and Q6.55A. Increased affinity was also observed for PYY to Q6.55A. PYY(3–36) displayed decreased affinity for G2.68N and L4.60A whereas binding of NPY(13–36) was unaffected by all mutations. The antagonist BIIE0246 showed decreased affinity fo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077376 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077374&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000424%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The respiratory effects of stimulation of NPYY2 receptors were studied in spontaneously breathing rats that were either (i) neurally intact and subsequently bilaterally vagotomized in the neck, or (ii) neurally intact and subjected to supranodosal vagotomy or (iii) neurally intact treated with pharmacological blockade of NPY1–2 receptors. Before neural interventions an intravenous (iv) bolus of the NPYY2 receptor agonist NPY 13–36 (10μg/kg) increased breathing rate, tidal volume and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP).Section of the midcervical vagi abrogated NPY 13–36-evoked increase in respiratory rate but had no effect on augmented tidal volume, minute ventilation and blood pressure. Supranodosal vagotomy prevented the increase in tidal volume and slightly reduced the pr... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077374 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077373&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000412%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Corticotropin releasing factor binding protein (CRF-BP) is a 37kDa glycoprotein that binds CRF with high affinity. CRF-BP controls CRF levels within plasma during human pregnancy. It has also been shown that CRF-BP is expressed in various brain nuclei. Main actions that have been proposed for brain CRF-BP are either decreasing available CRF or facilitating CRF ligand-induced activation of CRF-R2 receptors. For both actions, it is necessary the release of CRF-BP from CRF-BP expressing neurons. However, the secretion mode of CRF-BP is currently unknown. We used heterologous expression of CRF-BP-Flag in PC12 cells and in primary culture of rat cortical neurons to study CRF-BP secretion mode. We observed that CRF-BP-Flag immunoreactivity presents the typical cytoplasmatic punctuate p... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077373 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405169&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791100028X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Stoke remains a leading cause of death and disability with limited treatment options. Extensive research has been aimed at studying cell death events that accompany stroke and how to use these same cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets for treating the disease. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) has been implicated as a major factor associated with stroke-induced neuronal cell death. MPTP activation and increased permeability has been shown to contribute to the events that lead to cell death. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressant in transplantation and rheumatic medicine, has been recently shown to possess neuroprotective properties through its ability to block the MPTP, which in turn inhibits neuronal damage. This newfound CsA-me... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405169 Wed, 18 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5405169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077372&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000278%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the present study showed that calcitonin family peptides have differential effects both in the dendrite formation during the initial stages and the spine formation of cortical neurons in vitro. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077372 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794615&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000345%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794615 Sat, 07 May 2011 11:07:19 +0100 4794615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794606&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791100031X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794606 Sat, 07 May 2011 11:07:17 +0100 4794606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794614&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000266%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the distribution of NKB and NK-3R in peripheral tissues as well as the role of NKB in bone metabolism, especially in osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity through NK-3R. The distributions of NKB in intact rat neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and in axons of periodontal tissue were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Osteoclasts from cultured rat bone marrow cells were used to examine the distribution of NK-3R by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR and to investigate the effects of NKB on the resorption activity of osteoclasts on ivory slices. We found that NKB immunopositive neurons were localized in the rat TG and that NKB immunopositive axons were distributed in periodontal tissues. Immunoreactivity for NK-3R was found in cultured osteoclast... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794614 Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794613&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000254%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the antinociceptive potency of peripherally acting CB1 agonists is not restrained by opposing irritant effects through TRPV1 but by their own limited efficacy and narrow concentration–response relationship. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794613 Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794612&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000242%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of brain μ, κ and δ opioid receptors in the central serotonergic mechanisms regulating blood pressure in rats. The data obtained show that: (1) pharmacological activation of central 5-HT3 receptors yields a significant decrease in blood pressure; (2) the blockade of those receptors by a selective antagonist induces an acute hypertensive response; (3) the pharmacological blockade of central opioid receptors by three different opioid antagonists exhibiting variable degrees of selectivity to μ, κ and δ opioid receptors always suppressed the hypotensive response induced by central 5-HT3 receptor stimulation; (4) the blockade of opioid receptors by the same opioid antagonists that impaired the hypotensive effect of central ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794612 Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794611&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000230%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Recently, a small 11-amino acid amidated peptide, dopamine neuron stimulating peptide-11 (DNSP-11), was shown to exert neurotrophic-like actions on primary dopaminergic neurons and in parkinsonian rat models. This suggests smaller neurotrophic-like molecules may be deliverable and modifiable for therapeutic use. Here we evaluate the molecular and cellular protection properties of DNSP-11 and two other amidated-peptides, a 5-mer (DNSP-5) and a 17-mer (DNSP-17), hypothesized to be endoproteolytically processed from the pro- and mature glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein sequence, respectively. Far-UV circular dichroism spectra show that the three DNSPs are soluble and act independently in vitro. Reverse phase HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis show that the ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794611 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077371&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000229%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nociceptin-opioid peptide (NOP) receptor, also known as opioid receptor like-1 (ORL1), was identified following the cloning of the kappa-opioid peptide (KOP) receptor, and the characterization of these receptors revealed high homology. The endogenous ligand of NOP, nociceptin (NOC), which shares high homology to dynorphin (DYN), was discovered shortly thereafter, and since then, it has been the subject of several investigations. Despite the many advances in our understanding of the involvement of NOC and DYN systems in pain, tolerance and withdrawal, the precise function of these systems has not been fully characterized. Here, we review the recent literature concerning the distribution of the NOC and DYN systems in the central nervous system and the involvement of these systems i... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077371 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205501&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000217%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This review shows some classical applications of peptides and suggests there is great promise for the treatment of various central nervous system diseases. Actually, peptides are considered the new generation of biologically active tools because they are key regulators in cellular and intercellular physiological responses, which possess enormous potential for the treatment of various diseases. In spite of their clinical potential, native peptides have seen limited use due to their poor bioavailability and low stability in physiological conditions. Moreover, most peptide or protein pharmaceuticals currently in use are delivered by invasive routes such as via subcutaneous injection. Considerable efforts have been made to design new drugs based on peptides and recent developments in... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205501 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794610&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000205%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Plasma BDNF levels seem to be influenced by hormonal status. We demonstrate that parameters such as age or gender have a specific impact on stored and circulating BDNF blood levels and platelets remain the most important predictor of their concentration. Further studies are necessary to better understand the role of this neurotrophin in pubertal development. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794610 Mon, 21 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4794610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591808&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000126%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591808 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:08:42 +0100 4591808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591797&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000096%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591797 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:08:40 +0100 4591797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794609&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000199%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide, which among others, plays a pivotal role in stress response. Although previous studies confirmed that NPY release is increased by stress in several species, the exact mechanism of the stress-induced NPY release has not been elucidated yet.In the present study, we examined, with morphological means, the possibility that catecholamines directly influence NPY release in the human hypothalamus. Since the use of electron microscopic techniques is virtually impossible in immunostained human samples due to the long post mortem time, double-label immunohistochemistry was utilised in order to reveal the putative catecholaminergic-NPY associations.The present study is the first to demonstrate juxtapositions between the catecholaminergic, tyr... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794609 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4794609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794608&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000060%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we have determined the content of bovine β-casomorphin-7 (bBCM-7) and the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) in sera of infants with apparent life threatening events (ALTE syndromes, ‘near miss SIDS’). We have found that the sera of some infants after an apnoea event contained more β-casomorphin-7 than that of the healthy infants in the same age. In all the children after an apnoea event, however, a lowered DPPIV was detected. We suspect that the low activity of that peptidase may be responsible for opioid-induced respiratory depression, induced by bBCM-7 in the general circulation. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794608 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4794608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591807&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000059%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Growing evidence indicates that neuromedin U (NmU) neuropeptide system plays an integral role in mediating the stress response through the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) pathways. Stress is often associated with alteration in sleep–wake architecture both in human and laboratory animals. Here, we investigated whether activation of the NmU2 receptor, a major high affinity receptor for NmU predominantly expressed in the brain, affects sleep behavior in rats. Effects of single (acute) intracebroventricular (icv) infusion of 2.5nmol of the full agonists porcine NmU8 and rat NmU23 were assessed on sleep–wake architecture in freely moving rats, which were chronically implanted with EEG and EMG electrodes. In addition, repeated once daily administration of NmU8 at 2.5nmol duri... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591807 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591806&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000047%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: NK-1 receptor antagonists have shown potential for the clinical treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, depression and alcoholism. In a recent study, we disclosed the potential for the NK-1 antagonist, LY686017, to treat alcoholism in a clinical population. To assess whether this compound could be utilized as a platform for a brain imaging ligand, we evaluated the binding of [3H]-LY686017 to sections of guinea pig in vitro. In these studies, [3H]-LY686017 bound with a distribution and pharmacology consistent with the NK-1 receptor. Using sections through the region of the caudate nucleus, we obtained a Kd of 0.34nM and a Bmax of 31.37fmoles/mg tissue. Based on its high potency and low nonspecific binding in vitro, we initiated studies to evaluate the radioligand as... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591806 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591804&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000023%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether 4-methylcatechol (4-MC) could serve as an autocrine antiapoptotic agent by increasing nerve growth factor (NGF) in β cells of hyperglycemic rats. Rats were divided into four groups: the first group was given citrate buffer and saline, the second group was administered 4-MC, the third group received streptozotocin (STZ), and the fourth group was given both 4-MC and STZ. 4-MC (10μg/kg) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection for 10days before the animals were rendered hyperglycemic by administration of STZ (75mg/kg). With 4-MC pretreatment on hyperglycemic rats the following results were noted: (i) Increase in plasma glucose, β cell apoptosis and caspase-8 activation was prevented. (ii) Reduction of NGF+ and tyrosine receptor ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591804 Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591803&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001332%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The data suggests that in humans OT did not modulate the GH, PRL, ACTH and cortisol response to Ghrelin. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591803 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591805&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417911000035%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The presence of neurotensin and neurotensin receptors has been demonstrated in human pancreatic carcinomas using autoradiography and Northern blot analysis. In vitro studies have reported that the neurotensin antagonist SR 48692 could inhibit the growth of MIA PaCa-2 cells in a neurotensin mediated fashion, and neurotensin could overcome this inhibition or stimulate proliferation. However, it is currently unknown whether such actions are exerted on PANC-1 cells. In addition, the immunolocation of neurotensin and neurotensin receptors is still unclear in human pancreatic ductal carcinoma tissues. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the distribution of neurotensin and neurotensin receptor subtype-1 in human pancreatic ductal carcinoma and normal pancreatic tissues. Furthermo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591805 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591798&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001150%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hypertension is still presently the number one “silent killer” in the Western World, and a major risk factor for the development of secondary diseases contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, despite a broad range of therapies, the mechanisms involved in the onset of hypertension remains unclear, therefore there is a real need to investigate the mechanisms involved. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the most potent microvascular vasodilator known to date. Widely expressed in the nervous system, this peptide is considered to play a positive role in wound healing and protects against ischaemic and other traumas. However, whilst the protective mechanisms are not well understood, evidence indicates that these mechanisms become important in vascular-related s... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591798 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591802&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The synthesis and release of testosterone (T) depends both on circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and on an array of testicular factors whose role remains incompletely understood. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) had been reported in the rat testes, where it was thought to inhibit T secretion. However, the discovery that the CRF-related peptides urocortins (Ucns), of which there are currently three subtypes (Ucn 1, 2 and 3), cross-react with many reagents previously used to detect CRF, has cast doubt on this concept. Here we show that while CRF was readily measurable in rat hypothalami (which served as controls), signals for this peptide were barely detectable in total RNA extracted from the testes. On the other hand, microarray, RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591802 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371767&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001253%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371767 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 01:09:43 +0100 4371767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371754&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001228%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371754 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 01:09:39 +0100 4371754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591801&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001186%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Impairments in leptin–melanocortin signaling are associated with insulin-deficient diabetes and leptin treatment has been shown to be effective in reversing hyperglycemia in animal models of type 1 diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesized that enhanced central melanocortin signaling reverses the metabolic impairments associated with type 1 diabetes. To address this hypothesis, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were treated with daily intracerebroventricular injection of MTII, a melanocortin agonist, for 11days. STZ-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance were not improved by MTII treatment. MTII treatment did not alter expression levels of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), in t... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591801 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591800&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001162%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the lack of endogenous PACAP leads to higher susceptibility to in vivo renal ischemia/reperfusion, suggesting that PACAP has an endogenous renoprotective effect. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591800 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794607&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001174%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Opioids are well known to exert potent central analgesic actions. In recent years, the numerous studies have unfolded the critical role of opioids in the pathophysiology of various diseases as well as in biological phenomenon of therapeutic interest. The endogenous ligands of opioid receptors are derived from three independent genes and their appropriate processing yields the major representative opioid peptides beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin and dynorphin, respectively. These peptides and their derivatives exhibit different affinity and selectivity for the mu-, delta- and kappa-receptors located on the central and the peripheral neurons, neuroendocrine, immune, and mucosal cells and on many other organ systems. The present review article highlights the role of th... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794607 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4794607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591799&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001149%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines are important in promoting mesangial cell growth, a characteristic feature of many glomerular diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial mitogen and promoter of vascular permeability that is constitutively expressed in human glomeruli, but its role in the kidney is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the ability of vasopressin (AVP) to stimulate VEGF secretion by and correlation with AVP-induced cell growth in human mesangial cells. AVP caused time- and concentration-dependent increases in VEGF secretion from human mesangial cells, which was in turn potently inhibited by a V1A receptor-selective antagonist, confirming that this secretion is a V1A receptor-mediated event. VEGF also induc... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591799 Mon, 03 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371766&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001125%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The influence of intracerebroventricullary-administered urocortin-2, a selective corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2) agonist, on rat anxiety-like behaviour, the expression of c-Fos and CRF, and plasma corticosterone levels was examined in the present study. When applied to animals exposed to the conditioned fear-induced context, urocortin-2 enhanced a conditioned freezing fear response. Urocortin-2 also significantly decreased rat exploratory activity in the open field test. Exogenous urocortin-2 increased the conditioned fear-induced expression of c-Fos in the central amygdala (CeA), and parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (pPVN), and revealed the effect of conditioned fear in the medial amygdala (MeA). In the fear-conditioned animals, ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371766 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371765&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001137%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized by the carnosine synthetase from β-alanine and l-histidine. The well-known effects of carnosine may be related with mechanisms producing long-term potentiation which is one of the electrophysiological signs of memory. In the present study we aimed to investigate the effect of four different doses of carnosine on long-term potentiation in urethane-anesthetized rat. A bipolar stimulating electrode was placed in the medial perforant path and a double-barrel glass micropipette was placed in the dentate gyrus as the recording electrode. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (in the control group) or carnosine (0.1, 1, 10, and 100μg/μL) was infused into the dentate gyrus. Our results showed that the I/O curve of the excitatory postsynaptic potential slo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371765 Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371764&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001113%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Angiotensin II (Ang II) binds and activates two major receptors subtypes, namely AT1 and AT2. In the fetus, AT2 receptors predominate in all tissues and decline shortly after birth, being restricted to a few organs including brain. Interpretation of the function of Ang II in the cerebellum requires a thorough understanding of the localization of Ang II receptors. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the localization of Ang II AT2 receptors in the Purkinje cell (PC) layer during development. By binding autoradiography, a clear complementary pattern of AT1 and AT2 binding labeled by [125I] Ang II was observed in young rats within the cerebellar cortex. This pattern was present at the stages P8 and P15, but not at P30 and P60, where AT2 binding appears low and superimposed wi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371764 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371763&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001101%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Dose response curves for leptin facilitation of estrous behavior (lordosis and proceptivity) were made by infusing the peptide into the lateral ventricle (icv) of ovariectomized (ovx), ad libitum-fed rats injected 40h previously with 5μg of estradiol benzoate. Leptin doses of 1 and 3μg produced significant lordosis quotient at 60min post-injection, with maximal lordosis being displayed at 120min. Yet the intensity of lordosis was weak, and a high incidence of rejection behaviors was found. Moreover, leptin did not induce significant proceptive behaviors at any dose. The leptin doses of 1 and 3μg were selected for determining whether antide, a GnRH-1 receptor antagonist, or the progestin receptor antagonist RU486 could modify the lordosis response to leptin. Icv injection of ei... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371763 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371762&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791000096X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The factors that influence Leydig cell activity currently include peptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY). In this work we investigated the ability of this compound, injected directly into the testes of adult male rats, to alter testosterone (T) release into the general circulation. At a 5μg/kg dose administered 1h prior to challenge with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1.0 U/kg, iv), NPY significantly (P (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371762 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371761&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000946%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The tachykinins are implicated in neurogenic inflammation and the neuropeptide substance P in particular has been shown to be a proinflammatory mediator. A role for the tachykinins in host response to viral infection has been previously demonstrated using either TAC1- or NK1 receptor-deficient transgenic mice. However, due to redundancy in the peptide–receptor complexes we wished determine whether a deficiency in TAC1 and NK1R in combination exhibited an enhanced phenotype. TAC1 and NK1R-deficient mice were therefore crossed to generate transgenic mice in both (NK1−/−×TAC1−/−). As expected, after infection with the respiratory pathogen murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV-68), TAC1 and NK1R-deficient mice were more susceptible to infection than wild-type C57BL/6 controls. Howe... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371761 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371755&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000958%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens. In recent decades it became evident that elimination of such pathogens, termination of inflammation, and restoration of host homeostasis all depend on bidirectional crosstalk between the immune system and the neuroendocrine system. This crosstalk is mediated by a complex network of interacting molecules that modulates inflammation and cell growth. Among these mediators are neuropeptides released from neuronal and non-neuronal components of the central and peripheral nervous systems, endocrine tissues, and cells of the immune system. Neuropeptide circuitry controls tissue inflammation and maintenance, and an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory neuropeptides results in loss of host homeostasis and triggers infla... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371755 Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167690&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910001022%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167690 Tue, 16 Nov 2010 01:56:48 +0100 4167690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167681&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000995%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167681 Tue, 16 Nov 2010 01:56:46 +0100 4167681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371760&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000934%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It has been reported that the spinal cord possesses Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and that GnRH has neurotrophic properties. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) causes neurodegeneration in spinal cord. Thus, the present study was designed to determine whether administration of GnRH reduces the severity of EAE. The clinical signs of locomotion, axonal morphometry and neurofilaments (NFs) expression were evaluated. Clinical signs remained significantly lower in EAE rats with GnRH administration compared to animals without treatment. Morphometric analysis, there were more axons of larger areas in the spinal cord of EAE+GnRH group compared to EAE animals. Western blot analysis demonstrated that GnRH administration significantly increased the expression of... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371760 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371756&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000909%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: NT69L is a neurotensin analog that blocks nicotine-induced locomotor activity and has sustained efficacy in a rat model of nicotine-induced sensitization when administered peripherally. Additionally, NT69L attenuates food-reinforcement in rats. The present study tested the effect of acute administration of NT69L on nicotine self-infusion in Sprague–Dawley rats.Rats were trained to self-infuse nicotine intravenously (0.03mg/kg per infusion) following operant training. Once the rats acquired stable responding to nicotine self-infusion they were pretreated with NT69L (1mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 30min before being assessed for nicotine self-infusion. Pretreatment with NT69L significantly attenuated nicotine self-infusion under FR1 (fixed ratio of 1) and FR5 schedule of reinforcement a... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371756 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167682&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000867%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptides are essential for cell–cell communication in the nervous and neuroendocrine systems. Production of active neuropeptides requires proteolytic processing of proneuropeptide precursors in secretory vesicles that produce, store, and release neuropeptides that regulate physiological functions. This review describes recent findings indicating the prominent role of cathepsin L in secretory vesicles for production of neuropeptides from their protein precursors. The role of cathepsin L in neuropeptide production was discovered using the strategy of activity-based probes for proenkephalin-cleaving activity for identification of the enzyme protein by mass spectrometry. The novel role of cathepsin L in secretory vesicles for neuropeptide production has been demonstrated in vi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167682 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371758&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000910%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present study underscores the effect of serotonergic antagonist on alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced neuronal regeneration. Swiss-albino mice were subjected to experimental spinal cord injury (ESCI) and treated with serotonergic antagonist, ritanserin, alone or in combination with α-MSH, and the locomotor recovery was investigated. ESCI was induced at thoracic T10–12 level by compression method. Motor function score (0–10) of each mouse was monitored prior to, and on days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 following ESCI. Untreated ESCI animals showed almost normal hind limb motor function by 14days. Similar degree of recovery was observed on day 10 in animals given α-MSH or ritanserin. However, in animals treated with both agents, comparable recovery was observed o... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371758 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371759&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000922%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cardiac function is regulated by a balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic transmission. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) released from cardiac sympathetic neurons inhibits parasympathetic transmission in the heart. Sympathetic peptides may contribute to autonomic imbalance, which is characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic transmission and contributes to life threatening cardiovascular pathologies. Several gp130 cytokines are increased in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI), and these cytokines stimulate neuropeptide expression in sympathetic neurons. We used mice whose sympathetic neurons lack the gp130 receptor (gp130DBH-Cre/lox mice) to ask if cytokine activation of gp130 regulated neuropeptide expression in cardiac sympathetic nerv... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371759 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4371757&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000892%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Several studies have shown that injury to the central and peripheral nervous system can increase expression of galanin, a 29 amino acid neuropeptide. Moreover, there is evidence that galanin, especially through its galanin receptor 2 (GalR2) receptor, plays a neuroprotective role in different injury models. However, direct studies of a possible neuroprotective effect of galanin in experimental stroke models are lacking. Galanin, a GalR2/3 agonist or artificial CSF was continuously infused intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in naïve female rats after a 60min transient and focal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The animals were sacrificed, and the ischemic lesion was visualized using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride (TTC) staining. The lesion was 98% larger after i... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4371757 Mon, 25 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4371757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167688&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000880%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we have investigated the gene expression profile of PAC1 isoforms (Hop1, Hip, Hip–Hop) and VPAC1, VPAC2 receptors in distinct brain regions during different stages of rat postnatal development. Using quantitative real time PCR approach we found that PAC1 isoforms were highly expressed in the cortex of newborns with marked decrease in expression during later stages of development. In contrast, mRNA levels of VPAC1, VPAC2 receptors were markedly lower in newborns in comparison to later developmental stages. Expression of PAC1 isoforms predominated in the hippocampus, while expression of VPAC1 was more prominent in the cortex and VPAC2 in the striatum and hippocampus. In addition we found that during early stages of postnatal development the expression of PAC1 receptor in the... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167688 Mon, 25 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167687&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000879%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: TRH (thyroliberin) and its analogues were reported to possess neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal experimental models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we evaluated effects of TRH and its three stable analogues, montirelin (CG-3703), RGH-2202 and Z-TRH (N-(carbobenzyloxy)-pGlutamyl-Histydyl-Proline) on the neuronally differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, which is widely accepted for studying potential neuroprotectants. We found that TRH and all the tested analogues at concentrations 0.1–50μM attenuated cell damage induced by MPP(+) (2mM), 3-nitropropionate (10mM), hydrogen peroxide (0.5mM), homocysteine (250μM) and beta-amyloid (20μM) in retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated tha... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167687 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167686&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000855%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study showed including of SP in growth factor cocktail is beneficial for CD34+ transduction, which could be applied to genetic modification procedures. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167686 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167685&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000739%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we evaluated NPY plasma levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients with (n=34) and without (n=34) diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP) and compared these with age and gender matched healthy controls (n=34). We also analyzed NPY plasma levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients with age and pregnancy-week matched controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). NPY concentration was determined using a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit. In addition, metabolic parameters of DM2 and GDM patients were recorded. One-way ANOVA tests with appropriate post hoc corrections showed elevated levels of NPY in DM2 patients with and without PNP when compared with those of healthy controls (122.32±40.86 and 117.33±29.92 vs. 84.65±52.17pmol/L; p (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167685 Fri, 10 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929099&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791000079X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929099 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 10:06:12 +0100 3929099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929085&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000764%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929085 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 10:06:10 +0100 3929085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167689&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000703%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167689 Fri, 27 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167684&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000727%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Terrestrial snails are able to transform themselves into inactivity ceasing their behavioral activity under unfavorable environmental conditions. In the present study, we report on the activity-dependent changes of the peptide and/or polypeptide profile in the brain and hemolymph of the snail, Helix pomatia, using MALDI TOF and quadrupole mass spectrometry. The present data indicate that the snails respond to low temperature by increasing or decreasing the output of selected peptides. Average mass spectra of the brain and hemolymph revealed numerous peaks predominantly present during the active state (19 and 10 peptides/polypeptides, respectively), while others were observed only during hibernation (11 and 13). However, there were peptides and/or polypeptides or their fragments p... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167684 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4167683&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000715%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Obesity is characterized as an inflammatory state associated with a modification in the pattern of adipokine secretion. The present study aimed to assess the role of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides and peripheral signals in obese adolescents submitted to 1year of weight loss interdisciplinary therapy and grouped according to quartiles of weight loss. A total of 111 post-puberty adolescents, with a BMI >95th percentile, were included. Glycemia and lipid profiles were analyzed. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR. Cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA. The results are presented according to quartiles of weight loss: 1st (14kg)=massive. The most important finding was that the NPY concentration increased significantly only in the first phase of weight loss.... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4167683 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4167683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929088&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000673%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor in adults. This cancer has an infiltrative nature and the median survival of patients is about one year. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) belongs to a structurally related family of polypeptides and is a major regulatory factor in the central and peripheral nervous systems. VIP regulates proliferation of astrocytes and of numerous cancer cell lines and modulates migration in prostatic and colonic cancer cell lines. Little is known about the involvement of VIP and its receptors (VIP-receptor system) in proliferation or migration of GBM cells. The effects of VIP, PACAP and of synthetic VIP antagonists were tested in two human GBM cell lines, M059K and M059J, established from two different parts of a single ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929088 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929086&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000697%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, both CRF receptors were found in breast cancer and the respective benign adjacent tissue. The two CRF receptor proteins presented distinct distribution and subcellular localization, pointing into differing biological roles. CRF receptors could serve as targets of endogenous ligands expressed in the tumor microenvironment, regulating cancer growth. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929086 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929087&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000685%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) and its receptors (PAC1 and VPAC) have been shown in the spinal dorsal horn, dorsal root ganglia and sensory nerve terminals. Data concerning the role of PACAP in central pain transmission are controversial and we have recently published its divergent peripheral effects on nociceptive processes.The aim of the present study was to investigate acute somatic and visceral nocifensive behaviours, partial sciatic nerve ligation-evoked chronic neuropathic, as well as resiniferatoxin-induced inflammatory thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in PACAP deficient (PACAP−/−) mice to elucidate its overall function in pain transmission. Neuronal activation was investigated with c-Fos immunohistochemistry.Paw lickings in the ear... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929087 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929089&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000661%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our study indicates that SP and CGRP induce CXCR4 protein expression in short term culture, and stimulate its expression. Consequently, the increased expression of CXCR4 could improve engraftment of CB CD34+ cells. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929089 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929090&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791000065X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, OT in the amygdala was most sensitive to MS. Besides both short- and long-term consequences, distinct effects were seen after litter and individual separation, respectively. We propose that environmentally induced alterations in OT transmission due to disrupted mother–pup interactions early in life may cause altered susceptibility to challenges later in life. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929090 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929091&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000648%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Tachykinins encoded by the preprotachykinin A (TAC1) gene such as substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are involved in neurogenic inflammatory processes via predominantly neurokinins 1 and 2 (NK1 and NK2) receptor activation, respectively. Endokinins and hemokinins encoded by the TAC4 gene also have remarkable selectivity and potency for the NK1 receptors and might participate in inflammatory cell functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate endotoxin-induced airway inflammation and consequent bronchial hyper-reactivity in TAC1−/−, NK1−/− and also in double knockout (TAC1−/−/NK1−/−) mice.Sub-acute interstitial lung inflammation was evoked by intranasal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the knockout mice and their wildtype C57BL/6 counte... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929091 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929098&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000521%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigates the effects of RF9, a new antagonist of NPFF receptors, on the roles of NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors in thermoregulation in mice. RF9 (10nmol) injected into the third ventricle did not modify the body temperature as compared to saline, but it completely antagonized the hypothermic effects of 10nmol NPVF, a NPFF1 selective agonist, as well as the hyperthermic actions of dNPA (5nmol), a NPFF2 selective agonist. The use of a specific antagonist demonstrates here that central NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors control in an opposite manner the body temperature in mice. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929098 Tue, 15 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929092&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791000051X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Although dysfunction of the immune system is known to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, there is also strong evidence that psychological stresses are involved. Neuropeptides are thought to be main mediators of neurogenic inflammation, presumably involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is one of the major neuropeptides in human and rodent skin. In the present study, we examined the effect and mechanism of VIP on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by HaCaT cells which is a spontaneous, immortalized, human keratinocyte cell line. Our data indicate the mRNA and prot... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929092 Thu, 03 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929093&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000508%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The dopaminergic mesolimbic system plays a key role in mediating the reinforcing properties of ethanol and other drugs of abuse. Ethanol reinforcement and high alcohol drinking behaviour have been suggested to involve the ethanol-induced activation of endogenous opioid systems. Ethanol may alter opioidergic transmission at different levels, including opioid peptide biosynthesis and release, as well as binding to opioid receptors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different ethanol doses on methionine–enkephalin (Met-enk) release from the rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Ethanol effects were also studied on Met-enk content in the NAcc, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and caudate-putamen (CP). Met-enk release was studied by microdialysis in Wistar anesthetized rats and ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929093 Tue, 01 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929097&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000442%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Prior research has shown that the neuropeptide galanin strongly stimulates food intake in sated rats when food is made freely available. However, when access to food is made contingent upon lever pressing on a reinforcement schedule, no such stimulation occurs. This dissociation is consistent with the theorized “behavioral energizing” function of the ascending mesolimbic dopamine system, which purports that this ascending dopamine system is involved in only the goal directed effort maintaining (appetitive) and not the hedonic (consummatory) aspects of reward. Further, these results suggest that galanin may play an inhibitory role therein, or itself may be inhibited by mesolimbic dopamine activity underlying instrumental behavior. Prior research into this phenomenon has only u... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929097 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929094&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000491%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Somatostatins have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of motor and affective disorders, as well as psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. We hypothesized that in addition to motor function, somatostatin may be involved in somatosensory gating and reward processes that have been shown to be dysregulated in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of somatostatin-28 on spontaneous locomotor and exploratory behavior measured in a behavioral pattern monitor, sensorimotor gating, prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, and brain reward function (measured in a discrete trial intracranial self-stimulation procedure) in rats. Somatostatin-28 decreased spontaneous locomotor activity during the f... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929094 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614328&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000582%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614328 Mon, 31 May 2010 15:24:49 +0100 3614328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614318&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000557%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614318 Mon, 31 May 2010 15:24:45 +0100 3614318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929095&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341791000048X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined 67 patients with panic disorders and 97 controls. Patients were split into two groups according to whether they exhibited a 50% improvement in test scores (good/high response group: n=26) or not (poor/low response group: n=41). In both healthy control and panic disorder individuals, there were no significant associations between HGF serum levels and STAI or NEO-PI-R scores. However, there was a significant correlation between serum HGF levels and fatigue in healthy control subjects in as scored by POMS testing. HGF concentration in the good/high response group was significantly elevated compared to both the low/poor response group (p (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929095 Tue, 18 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929096&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000478%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Rat/mouse hemokinin-1 (r/m HK-1), human hemokinin-1 (h HK-1) and human hemokinin-1(4-11) (h HK-1(4-11)) are members of the tachykinin family. In the present study, the coronary vascular activities and cardiac functions of r/m HK-1, h HK-1 and h HK-1(4-11) were investigated in isolated, spontaneously beating guinea pig hearts. Bolus injections of r/m HK-1 caused decrease in perfusion pressure indicative of coronary vasodilation, which was primarily due to the action on tachykinin NK1 receptors on vascular endothelial cells, causing the release of nitric oxide that relaxed the coronary vessels. H HK-1 caused biphasic perfusion pressure changes that were coronary vasodilation followed by coronary vasoconstriction. The mechanisms involved in the vasodilation induced by h HK-1 were si... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929096 Sun, 16 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3929096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614327&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000466%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Loss of CRF2 function increased sensitivity to the effects of chronic social isolation on exploratory locomotor behavior. Thus, CRF2 activation appears to mitigate isolation rearing effects on exploratory behavior. Further research assessing the interaction between CRF2 function and developmental challenges is warranted. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614327 Wed, 12 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614326&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000454%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Galanin (Gal) acts in the central nervous system as the neuromodulator of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system function. Present investigations in vitro were undertaken to study the influence of Gal, added to the incubative media at the concentrations of 10−10, 10−9, 10−8 or 10−7M, on AVP and OT release from isolated rat hypothalamus (Hth), neurohypophysis (NH) and hypothalamo–neurohypophysial system (Hth–NH).The present results showed that Gal at the concentrations of 10−10, 10−9 and 10−8M inhibited basal AVP secretion from the all incubated tissues as well as OT release from the NH and Hth–NH explant. On the contrary, 10−10M Gal was the reason of intensified basal hypothalamic OT secretion.The presence of Gal at the concentrations of 10−10 and 10−8M... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614326 Wed, 12 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614325&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000429%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Alarin is a newly identified member of the galanin family of neuropeptides that includes galanin-like peptide (GALP) and galanin. Alarin was discovered as an alternate transcript of the GALP gene in neuroblastoma cells, and subsequently alarin mRNA was detected in the brain of rodents. GALP and galanin are important central regulators of both feeding and reproductive behavior. We hypothesized, that, as a member of the galanin family of peptides, alarin would also have central effects on feeding and reproduction. To test this hypothesis, we treated male rats with alarin intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and measured its effects on food intake and energy homeostasis as well as sexual behavior and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. We observed that i.c.v. injection of 1.0nmol alar... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614325 Sun, 02 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614324&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000430%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study is to examine the effects of VEGF in cultured cortical neurons on survival, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAP kinase) activity, pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression and on release of neurotrophic and neurotoxic factors. The results show that VEGF dose-dependently enhances the survival of neurons in culture. VEGF decreases active caspase 3 levels and increases expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. VEGF decreases phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase level and activity in cortical neurons. In addition to modulating survival/death pathways in cortical neurons, VEGF also regulates release of proteins that affect neuronal viability. VEGF causes a dose-dependent release of the neurotrophic protein pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), while sig... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614324 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614323&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000302%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, responsiveness to the anorexic effect of alpha-MSH varies with age, with a nadir of the curve in the middle-aged, and a peak in the aging and old animals. This age-related nadir of melanocortin-responsiveness may promote obesity in middle-aged rats, while the tendency for anorexia and incipient sarcopenia of old (still obese) rats may result from age-related melanocortin-hypersensitivity rather than from adiposity. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614323 Sun, 11 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453642&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000363%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453642 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 16:07:44 +0100 3453642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453631&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000338%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453631 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 16:07:43 +0100 3453631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614322&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000296%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the conversion of the peptide beta-amyloid (Aβ) from its soluble monomeric form into various aggregated morphologies in the brain. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is known to act as a pathological chaperone of Aβ in this process, promoting its fibril formation from soluble Aβ by binding interaction between carboxy-terminal domain of apoE and residues 12–28 of full-length Aβ. Therefore, blocking apoE/Aβ interaction is being actively pursued as a primary therapeutic strategy for AD. Aβ20–29, a short peptide, contains the residues to competitively bind to apoE and may potentially block the interaction between apoE and full-length Aβ. However, little is known whether Aβ20–29 could block apoE/Aβ interaction to pla... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614322 Sun, 04 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614321&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000284%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the expression pattern of the cellular components involved in morphine analgesia changes in diabetic animals. This may be, at least partly, responsible for diabetes-induced morphine insensitivity. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614321 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3614321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614320&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000272%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The neuropeptide Substance P (SP), expressed by nociceptive sensory afferents in joints, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Capsaicin causes neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to release SP from their central and peripheral axons, suggesting a functional link between SP and the capsaicin receptor, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The expression of both TRPV1 and SP have been reported to increase in several models of arthritis but the specific involvement of TRPV1-expressing articular afferents that can release SP is not completely understood. We here wanted to ascertain whether the increase in the number of SP-positive primary afferents in arthritis may be affected by genetic deletion of TRPV1. For this, we used immunohistochemist... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614320 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3614320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614319&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000260%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)-amide (GLP-1) is a gut peptide, which exerts significant effects on glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptors are also widely distributed in the central nervous system. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)-injected GLP-1 on pilocarpine-induced seizures, anxiety and locomotor and exploratory activity in rat. Rats were pretreated with GLP-1 (1–1000ng/5μl; i.c.v.) or saline (5μl; i.c.v.) 30min before seizure induction by pilocarpine (2.4mg/5μl; i.c.v.) and with GLP-1 (1, 10, 100ng/5μl; i.c.v.) or saline (5μl; i.c.v.) 30min before the open field test or the elevated plus maze test. GLP-1 did not produce any protective effect against pilocarpine-induced seizures and did not also produ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614319 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3614319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453641&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000089%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of various protease inhibitors on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping were examined in morphine-dependent mice. The doses of morphine were subcutaneously given twice daily for 2days (day 1, 30mg/kg; day 2, 60mg/kg). On day 3, naloxone (8mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 3h after final injection of morphine (60mg/kg), and the number of jumping was immediately recorded for 20min. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping was significantly suppressed by the intracerebroventricular administration of N-ethylmaleimide (0.5nmol) and Boc-Tyr-Gly-NHO-Bz (0.4nmol), inhibitors of cysteine proteases involved in dynorphin degradation, 5min before each morphine treatment during the induction phase, with none given on the test day, as well as by dynorphin A (62.5pmol) an... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453641 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311447&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000144%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311447 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:56:48 +0100 3311447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311425&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000119%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311425 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:56:45 +0100 3311425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453640&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000077%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It is known that intrathecal administration of substance P (SP) induces thermal hyperalgesia, whereas hemokinin-1 (HK-1), a member of the same tachykinin family as SP, hardly induces thermal hyperalgesia; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to clarify which amino acid of these peptides contributes to the induction of thermal hyperalgesia. When two chimera peptides between the N-terminal region of SP and the C-terminal region of HK-1, and vice versa, SP (1–5)/HK-1 and HK-1 (1–5)/SP, were intrathecally administered, SP (1–5)/HK-1 induced thermal hyperalgesia whereas HK-1 (1–5)/SP had hardly any effect; furthermore, thermal hyperalgesia was induced by only C-terminal fragments of HK-1 and SP. These findings indicate that the N-term... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453640 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453639&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000065%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effect of tachykinin neurokinin NK2 receptors activation on intestinal propulsion and colorectal sensitivity was studied in 7–15days old newborn rats.In a first set of experiments investigating the intestinal transit, the selective NK2 receptor agonist, [βAla8]NKA-(4-10) was used. It produced an increase of the small intestinal transit measured by charcoal test of 54%, that was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by nepadutant ([N4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-l-asparaginyl-l-aspartyl-l-tryptophyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-2,3-diaminopropionyl-l-leucyl]-C-4.2-N-3.5-lactam-C-1.6-N-2.1-lactam), a known selective NK2 receptor antagonist, orally administered 2–48h before the challenge with the NK2 receptor agonist. Nepadutant did not affect the basal intestinal propulsi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453639 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453638&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000053%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Gut-derived peptides are known to regulate food intake by activating specific receptors in the brain, but the target nuclei and neurons influenced are largely unknown. Here we show that peripherally administered pancreatic polypeptide (PP) stimulates neurons in key nuclei of the hypothalamus critical for appetite and satiety regulation. In the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), also known as the feeding center, neurons expressing the orexigenic neuropeptide orexin co-localize with the early neuronal activation marker c-Fos upon i.p. injection of PP into mice. In the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), also known as the satiety center, neurons activated by PP, as indicated by induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity, express the anorexigenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Activat... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453638 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453636&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001541%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The central mechanism that mediates litorin-induced satiety is poorly understood, and has not been studied in a non-mammalian species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if litorin-induced satiety in an alternative vertebrate model, the chick, and to elucidate some of the central mechanisms that are associated with this response. In Experiment 1, chicks responded to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of litorin with reduced food intake at all doses tested (0.1, 1.0, and 10nmol), while concurrently, an anti-dipsogenic effect was observed in the two higher doses tested. Whole blood glucose concentrations were not affected. In Experiment 2, chicks that were food-withheld did not reduce their water intake after ICV litorin injection. To determine if litorin affect... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453636 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453635&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001528%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptides modulate anxiety, food intake, endocrine function, and mesolimbic dopamine related reward and reinforcement. Each of these disparate behaviors takes place during the state of wakefulness. Here, we identify a potential wake promoting role of CART by characterizing its effects upon sleep/wake architecture in rats. Dose-dependent increases in wake were documented following intracerebroventricular CART 55–102 administered at the beginning of the rat’s major sleep period. Sustained wake was observed for up to 4h following delivery of 2.0μg of CART peptide. The wake promoting effect was specific to active CART 55–102 because no effect on sleep/wake was observed with the inactive form of the peptide. Increased wake was... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453635 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453637&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001693%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The function of angiotensin peptides is dependent upon the action of several aminopeptidases (APs) termed angiotensinases. Soluble (SOL) and membrane (MEM)-bound alanyl-AP (AlaAP) and cystinyl-AP (CysAP) are involved in the metabolism of angiotensins and related to the modulation of behavior and memory. To study the interactions between angiotensinase activity in the hippocampus and behavioral lateralization, Wistar rats were selected on the basis of their performance in the paw preference test (left-handed, ambidextrous and right-handed) and the activities of SOL-AlaAP/CysAP and MEM-AlaAP/CysAP were measured in the both hippocampuses. We observed that: (1) the left hippocampus had higher activities of SOL-AlaAP/CysAP and MEM-AlaAP/CysAP than the right hippocampus; (2) rats showe... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453637 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453634&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001474%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, it appears that the Y1 receptor influences the acoustic startle response and its habituation but does not play a major role in sensorimotor gating. Further explorations into the effects of Y1 deficiency seem valid. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453634 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453632&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900153X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent disorders of mood posing significant challenges to individuals and society. Current evidence indicates no single neurobiological determinant underpins these conditions and an integrated approach in both research and treatment is expedient. Basic, behavioral, and clinical science indicates various stress-responsive neuropeptides in the neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral pathophysiology of stress-related disorders including anxiety and depression. This review draws on recent research to capture the consensus and implications of neuropeptide research concerning the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453632 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3453632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311445&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001516%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) effects of the selective NK-1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP (65pmol, n=6) and NK-3 receptor agonist senktide (650pmol, n=6) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR before and after complete spinal cord transection at thoracic level 4 (T4). [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP evoked increases in MAP and HR which were still present 4days after the T4 SCI. Further analysis using the β1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol (10mgkg−1) revealed an increased contribution of HR in the MAP increase after SCI. For senktide, 2 and 5weeks after T4 SCI, the rise in MAP induced by senktide was significantly increased in magnitude and was similar to a normal response at 8weeks. These effects were accompanied by a bradycardia, which was still present and ampli... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311445 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311443&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with many complications including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and hyperalgesia. Experimental evidence has shown that the bradykinin B1 receptor (BKB1-R) is involved in the development of type 1 diabetes and found to be upregulated alongside the disease. In the present study the effects of the selective BKB1-R antagonist the R-954 (Ac-Orn-[Oic2, α-MePhe5, D-β Nal7, Ile8 ]des-Arg9-BK and the BKB1-R agonist des Arg9-BK (DBK) were studied on diabetic hyperglycemia. Diabetic type 1 was induced in C57 BL/KsJ mdb male mice by five consecutives doses of STZ (45mg/kg i.p.). A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed by an intraperitoneal administration of glucose, 8, 12 and ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311443 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311442&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001486%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Treatment of malignant glioma with chemotherapy is limited mostly because of delivery impediment related to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). One approach for transporting drugs across the BBB involves the activation of bradykinin-B2 receptors (BK-B2R). Our objective was to pharmacologically characterize the BBB permeability induced by the synthetic biostable BK-B2R analogue [Phe8ψ(CH2NH)Arg9]-BK (R523) in F98 glioma-implanted Fischer rats. On day 10 post-inoculation, we detected the presence of B2R in the tumor cells and the peritumoral microvasculature (RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry). We assessed BBB permeability before and after the intracarotid (i.c.) infusion of R523 (0.1ml/min for 5min; 2.5, 10, and 50nmol/kg/min) using non-invasive dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic reso... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311442 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311444&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001504%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Kinins are neuroactive peptides that could play a role in central autonomic control of blood pressure. Whereas kinin B1R binding sites were increased in specific brain areas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Angiotensin II (AngII)-hypertensive rats, the contribution of kinin B1R in hypertension remains controversial. The aims of the study were to determine: (a) the effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of centrally and peripherally administered B1R antagonists in SHR (16weeks) and AngII-hypertensive rats (200ng/kg/min×2weeks, s.c.); (b) the contribution of central dopamine in the effects of SSR240612. The rationale is based on the overactivity of the dopaminergic system in hypertension. In both models, SSR240612 (1, 5 and 10mg/kg, gavage) reduced dose-dependen... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311444 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166836&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001607%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166836 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 16:37:05 +0100 3166836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166826&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166826 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 16:37:04 +0100 3166826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311441&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001462%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of survival-related molecules such Akt and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to evaluate Akt pathway activation in epileptogenesis process. Furthermore, was also investigated the mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y, a considered antiepileptic neuropeptide, in the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Hippocampi were removed 6h (acute phase), 12h (late acute), 5d (silent) and 60d (chronic) after status epilepticus (SE) onset, and from animals that received pilocarpine but did not develop SE (partial group). Hippocampi collected were used to specify mRNA expression using Real-Time PCR. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to place ILK distribution in the hippocampus and Wes... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311441 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311440&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001450%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Under physiological conditions, elderly people present memory deficit associated with neuronal loss. This pattern is also associated with Alzheimer’s disease but, in this case, in a dramatically intensified level. Kinin receptors have been involved in neurodegeneration and increase of amyloid-β concentration, associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Considering these findings, this work evaluated the role of kinin receptors in memory consolidation during the aging process. Male C57Bl/6 (wt), knock-out B1 (koB1) or B2 (koB2) mice (3, 6, 12 and 18-month-old – mo; n=10 per group) were submitted to an acquisition session, reinforcement to learning (24h later: test 1) and final test (7days later: test 2), in an active avoidance apparatus, to evaluate memory. Conditioned avoida... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311440 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311437&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001425%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is recognized as one of the main effector molecules involved in blood pressure regulation. In the last few years some polymorphisms of ACE such as the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism have been described, but their physiologic relevance is poorly understood. In addition, few studies investigated if the specific activity of ACE domain is related to the I/D polymorphism and if it can affect other systems. The aim of this study was to establish a biochemical and functional characterization of the I/D polymorphism and correlate this with the corresponding ACE activity. For this purpose, 119 male brazilian army recruits were genotyped and their ACE plasma activities evaluated from the C- and N-terminal catalytic domains using fluorescence res... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311437 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311446&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001401%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, together our results show that kinin B2 receptor deletion increases lean mass, reduces fat mass and improves metabolism efficiency in mice. The mechanism involved in this phenotype could be related to the reduction of myostatin gene expression during postnatal life. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311446 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311439&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001449%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The kallikrein-kinin system has been investigated in many experimental models. Dysregulations of the KKS are likely to be involved in pathologies such as inflammation, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Previous works on the human KKS mostly rely on gene polymorphism and mRNA expression. In order to assess the KKS in human at the protein level, we have developed an approach based on flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes. Whole blood samples were collected and erythrocytes were lysed. Permeabilised leukocytes were incubated with anti-B2R (IgG2b), anti-IgG2b-PE, anti-CD3-PerCP (lymphocytes) and anti-CD14-APC (monocytes) antibodies. FACScalibur analyzed fluorescence intensities. Results were expressed as per cent of B2R-positive cells in each leukocyte subset and as B2R fluorescen... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311439 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311438&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001437%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Kinins are vasoactive peptides that play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, pain and inflammation. After release from their precursor kininogens, kinins or their C-terminal des-Arg metabolites activate two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), called B2 (B2R) or B1 (B1R). The B2R is expressed constitutively with a wide tissue distribution. In contrast, the B1R is not expressed under normal conditions but is upregulated by tissue insult or inflammatory mediators. The B2R is considered to mediate many of the acute effects of kinins while the B1R is more responsible for chronic responses in inflammation. Both receptors can couple to Gαi and Gαq families of G proteins to release mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, leukotrienes a... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311438 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453633&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001413%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Opioid signaling has been strongly implicated in driving palatable food consumption. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is one important site of this effect; hyperphagia elicited by administration of exogenous mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands in this brain region has been well documented. However, the role that endogenous opioid ligands in the NAcc play in controlling food intake remains poorly understood. Enkephalins, which signal through both the MOR and delta opioid receptor (DOR), are highly expressed within a subset of NAcc neurons, and have been shown to be sensitive to manipulations of diet and motivation. To investigate a potential role for these signaling molecules in regulating palatability-driven consumption, we measured high fat chow intake in rats following a series of pha... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453633 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3453633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311436&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001395%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ghrelin, an n-octanoylated 28-amino acid brain–gut peptide, was first isolated from extracts of porcine stomach. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue type 1a receptor (GHS-R1a), the functionally active form of GHS-R, and stimulates feeding and growth hormone secretion. Ghrelin is mainly produced in the A/X-like cells of the oxyntic glands of the stomach and is the main orexigenic circulating hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to affect feeding behavior and energy metabolism.Ghrelin-containing neuronal cell bodies are localized in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a center that integrates signals for energy homeostasis. Ghrelin-containing nerve fibers are widely distributed in the brain. Accumulated evidence shows that hypothalamic neuropeptides... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311436 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311435&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001371%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prominent 28 aminoacid neuropeptide with wide distribution in both central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays important regulatory role in many physiological processes. VIP has a large spectrum of biological functions including exocrine secretions, hormone release, foetal development, immune response and also exerts beneficial effect in neuro-degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Few years ago, it has been shown that VIP can be a promising anti-inflammatory agent. VIP mechanisms of action implicate two sub-types of receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2) which are members of class B receptors belonging to the super-family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Because, VPAC1 receptor plays an important role in the modulation of the an... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311435 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311434&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900136X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) is a system of vasoactive peptides, the kinins, involved in different aspects of remodeling, inflammation and angiogenesis. Kinins mediate their actions through two receptors, B1R and B2R. It is increasingly recognized that the KKS is involved in the inflammatory processes of the heart. Evidence shows that the B2R is beneficial in myocardial diseases, protecting from inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis, while B1R shows a proinflammatory character contributing to the disease progression by increasing the production of cytokines and stimulating the migration of immune cells. Furthermore, novel important actions of the KKS and its receptors contribute to neovascularization and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic areas and endo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311434 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166828&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001383%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system plays an important role in the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Opioid peptides modulate the activity of this system and have been suggested to mediate, at least in part, the reinforcing properties of ethanol. Thus, beta-endorphin (β-END) could participate in the development of ethanol reinforcement and addiction. The aim of this work was to investigate the acute and chronic ethanol effects on β-END content in regions of the mesolimbic system and to examine if chronic ethanol treatment alters ligand binding to mu opioid receptor (μOR). Male Wistar rats received a single acute ethanol dose of 2.5g/kg or water by intra-gastric administration. For chronic ethanol treatment experiments, one group of rats was given ethanol (10% v/v solution)... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166828 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311433&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001358%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Strong correlation was found in the results of biochemical, cellular and structural approaches used to compare WT AT1R to mutant types. Random coil structure of the L265D mutant may be a key point to explain those changes observed in biochemical (binding and signal transduction) and proliferation assays (). β-Turn formation is an important step during early protein folding and this secondary simple structure is present in L262D and WT, but not in L265D. Therefore, leucine 265 seems to play a crucial role in determining an entirely functional AT1R. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311433 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166835&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001322%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The affiliation for the first author (Xue Zhou) is hereby replaced with the following: Department of Histology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166835 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166831&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001310%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptides regulate cell-cell signaling and influence many biological processes in vertebrates, including development, growth, and reproduction. The complex processing of neuropeptides from prohormone proteins by prohormone convertases, combined with the evolutionary distance between the chicken and mammalian species that have experienced extensive neuropeptide research, has led to the empirical confirmation of only 18 chicken prohormone proteins. To expand our knowledge of the neuropeptide and prohormone convertase gene complement, we performed an exhaustive survey of the chicken genomic, EST, and proteomic databases using a list of 95 neuropeptide and 7 prohormone convertase genes known in other species. Analysis of the EST resources and 22 microarray studies offered a compr... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166831 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166829&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001346%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the effect of prolonged food restriction, common in humans trying to lose body weight on expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropetides genes and on malonyl-CoA content in rat whole hypothalamus.We observed an increase of NPY and AgRP mRNA levels in hypothalamus of rats kept on 30days-long food restriction (50% of the amount of food consumed by controls). Simultaneously, a decrease of CART and POMC mRNA levels occurred. Refeeding caused a decrease in NPY and POMC mRNA levels without effect on AgRP and CART mRNA. Surprisingly, both prolonged food restriction and food restriction/refeeding caused the increase of malonyl-CoA level in whole hypothalamus. In contrast, fasting for 24h caused the decrease of malonyl-CoA level, which was associated with the up-regulatio... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166829 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166830&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001334%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Endomorphins are newly discovered μ-opioid receptor selective immunocompetent opioid peptides. Endomorphin 1 is predominantly distributed in brain, while endomorphin 2 is widely allocated in the spinal cord. Lately, endomorphins have been investigated as modulators of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide is short lived radical involved in various biological processes such as regulation of blood vessel contraction, inflammation, neurotransmission and apoptosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vivo effects of endomorphins on nitric oxide release and NOS 2 isoenzyme upregulation in mice peritoneal macrophages additionally challenged ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide. The results showed that endomorphin 1 or endomorphin 2 in vitro did not change NO release... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166830 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311432&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001309%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the present study the effects of bradykinin receptor antagonists were investigated in a murine model of asthma using BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin/alum and challenged twice with aerosolized ovalbumin. Twenty four hours later eosinophil proliferation in the bone marrow, activation (lipid bodies formation), migration to lung parenchyma and airways and the contents of the pro-angiogenic and pro-fibrotic cytokines TGF-β and VEGF were determined. The antagonists of the constitutive B2 (HOE 140) and inducible B1 (R954) receptors were administered intraperitoneally 30min before each challenge. In sensitized mice, the antigen challenge induced eosinophil proliferation in the bone marrow, their migration into the lungs and increased the number of lipid bodies in these cells. Th... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311432 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311431&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001164%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we used RT-PCR analysis to examine the gene expression of NPW mRNA in the rat brain, and performed a detailed analysis of the distribution of NPW-positive neurons by use of immunohistochemistry at both the light and electron microscopic levels. NPW mRNA expression was demonstrated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). At the light microscopic level, NPW-like immunoreactive (NPW-LI) cell bodies were found in the preoptic area (POA), PVN, ARC, VMH, LH, PMD (dorsal premammillary nucleus), periaqueductal gray (PAG), lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), and prepositus nucleus (Pr). NPW-LI axon terminals were shown in the POA, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), amygdala, PVN, ARC, ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311431 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311430&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001152%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Chronic infusion of human amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ) in the lateral ventricle (LV) of rats is associated with memory impairment and increase of kinin receptors in cortical and hippocampal areas. Deletion of kinin B1 or B2 receptors abolished memory impairment caused by an acute single injection of Aβ in the LV. As brain tissue and kinin receptors could unlikely react to acute or chronic administration of a similar quantity of Aβ, we evaluated the participation of B1 or B2 receptors in memory impairment after chronic infusion of Aβ. Male C57Bl/6J (wt), knock-out B1 (koB1) or B2 (koB2) mice (12weeks of age) previously trained in a two-way shuttle-box and achieving conditioned avoidance responses (CAR, % of 50 trials) were infused with AB (550pmol, 0.12μL/h, 28days) or vehicle in the... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311430 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166834&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Two tachykinin peptides, substance P (SP) and hemokinin-1 (HK-1), and three transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, are similarly localized in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion, suggesting that TRP channels may be related or modulated by these tachykinin peptides. Thus, to clarify whether the responses of TRP channels are modulated by SP or HK-1, the effects of pretreatment with SP or HK-1 on the induction of scratching behavior by TRP channel agonists were examined. Pretreatment with SP or HK-1 enhanced the induction of scratching behavior by resiniferatoxin, a TRPV1 agonist, whereas scratching behavior induced by menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, was suppressed by pretreatment with these peptides. On the other hand, pretreatment with SP, but n... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166834 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166834