MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Neuropeptides' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 16:33:19 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311447&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000144%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311447 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:56:48 +0100 3311447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311425&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417910000119%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311425 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:56:45 +0100 3311425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311445&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001516%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) effects of the selective NK-1 receptor agonist [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP (65pmol, n=6) and NK-3 receptor agonist senktide (650pmol, n=6) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR before and after complete spinal cord transection at thoracic level 4 (T4). [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP evoked increases in MAP and HR which were still present 4days after the T4 SCI. Further analysis using the β1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol (10mgkg−1) revealed an increased contribution of HR in the MAP increase after SCI. For senktide, 2 and 5weeks after T4 SCI, the rise in MAP induced by senktide was significantly increased in magnitude and was similar to a normal response at 8weeks. These effects were accompanied by a bradycardia, which was still present and ampli... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311445 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311443&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with many complications including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and hyperalgesia. Experimental evidence has shown that the bradykinin B1 receptor (BKB1-R) is involved in the development of type 1 diabetes and found to be upregulated alongside the disease. In the present study the effects of the selective BKB1-R antagonist the R-954 (Ac-Orn-[Oic2, α-MePhe5, D-β Nal7, Ile8 ]des-Arg9-BK and the BKB1-R agonist des Arg9-BK (DBK) were studied on diabetic hyperglycemia. Diabetic type 1 was induced in C57 BL/KsJ mdb male mice by five consecutives doses of STZ (45mg/kg i.p.). A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed by an intraperitoneal administration of glucose, 8, 12 and ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311443 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311442&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001486%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Treatment of malignant glioma with chemotherapy is limited mostly because of delivery impediment related to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). One approach for transporting drugs across the BBB involves the activation of bradykinin-B2 receptors (BK-B2R). Our objective was to pharmacologically characterize the BBB permeability induced by the synthetic biostable BK-B2R analogue [Phe8ψ(CH2NH)Arg9]-BK (R523) in F98 glioma-implanted Fischer rats. On day 10 post-inoculation, we detected the presence of B2R in the tumor cells and the peritumoral microvasculature (RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry). We assessed BBB permeability before and after the intracarotid (i.c.) infusion of R523 (0.1ml/min for 5min; 2.5, 10, and 50nmol/kg/min) using non-invasive dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic reso... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311442 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311444&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001504%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Kinins are neuroactive peptides that could play a role in central autonomic control of blood pressure. Whereas kinin B1R binding sites were increased in specific brain areas of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Angiotensin II (AngII)-hypertensive rats, the contribution of kinin B1R in hypertension remains controversial. The aims of the study were to determine: (a) the effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of centrally and peripherally administered B1R antagonists in SHR (16weeks) and AngII-hypertensive rats (200ng/kg/min×2weeks, s.c.); (b) the contribution of central dopamine in the effects of SSR240612. The rationale is based on the overactivity of the dopaminergic system in hypertension. In both models, SSR240612 (1, 5 and 10mg/kg, gavage) reduced dose-dependen... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311444 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166836&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001607%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166836 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 16:37:05 +0100 3166836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166826&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166826 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 16:37:04 +0100 3166826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311441&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001462%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of survival-related molecules such Akt and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to evaluate Akt pathway activation in epileptogenesis process. Furthermore, was also investigated the mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y, a considered antiepileptic neuropeptide, in the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Hippocampi were removed 6h (acute phase), 12h (late acute), 5d (silent) and 60d (chronic) after status epilepticus (SE) onset, and from animals that received pilocarpine but did not develop SE (partial group). Hippocampi collected were used to specify mRNA expression using Real-Time PCR. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to place ILK distribution in the hippocampus and Wes... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311441 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311440&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001450%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Under physiological conditions, elderly people present memory deficit associated with neuronal loss. This pattern is also associated with Alzheimer’s disease but, in this case, in a dramatically intensified level. Kinin receptors have been involved in neurodegeneration and increase of amyloid-β concentration, associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Considering these findings, this work evaluated the role of kinin receptors in memory consolidation during the aging process. Male C57Bl/6 (wt), knock-out B1 (koB1) or B2 (koB2) mice (3, 6, 12 and 18-month-old – mo; n=10 per group) were submitted to an acquisition session, reinforcement to learning (24h later: test 1) and final test (7days later: test 2), in an active avoidance apparatus, to evaluate memory. Conditioned avoida... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311440 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311437&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001425%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is recognized as one of the main effector molecules involved in blood pressure regulation. In the last few years some polymorphisms of ACE such as the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism have been described, but their physiologic relevance is poorly understood. In addition, few studies investigated if the specific activity of ACE domain is related to the I/D polymorphism and if it can affect other systems. The aim of this study was to establish a biochemical and functional characterization of the I/D polymorphism and correlate this with the corresponding ACE activity. For this purpose, 119 male brazilian army recruits were genotyped and their ACE plasma activities evaluated from the C- and N-terminal catalytic domains using fluorescence res... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311437 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311446&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001401%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, together our results show that kinin B2 receptor deletion increases lean mass, reduces fat mass and improves metabolism efficiency in mice. The mechanism involved in this phenotype could be related to the reduction of myostatin gene expression during postnatal life. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311446 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311439&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001449%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The kallikrein-kinin system has been investigated in many experimental models. Dysregulations of the KKS are likely to be involved in pathologies such as inflammation, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Previous works on the human KKS mostly rely on gene polymorphism and mRNA expression. In order to assess the KKS in human at the protein level, we have developed an approach based on flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes. Whole blood samples were collected and erythrocytes were lysed. Permeabilised leukocytes were incubated with anti-B2R (IgG2b), anti-IgG2b-PE, anti-CD3-PerCP (lymphocytes) and anti-CD14-APC (monocytes) antibodies. FACScalibur analyzed fluorescence intensities. Results were expressed as per cent of B2R-positive cells in each leukocyte subset and as B2R fluorescen... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311439 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311438&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001437%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Kinins are vasoactive peptides that play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, pain and inflammation. After release from their precursor kininogens, kinins or their C-terminal des-Arg metabolites activate two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), called B2 (B2R) or B1 (B1R). The B2R is expressed constitutively with a wide tissue distribution. In contrast, the B1R is not expressed under normal conditions but is upregulated by tissue insult or inflammatory mediators. The B2R is considered to mediate many of the acute effects of kinins while the B1R is more responsible for chronic responses in inflammation. Both receptors can couple to Gαi and Gαq families of G proteins to release mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, leukotrienes a... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311438 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3311438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311436&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001395%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ghrelin, an n-octanoylated 28-amino acid brain–gut peptide, was first isolated from extracts of porcine stomach. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue type 1a receptor (GHS-R1a), the functionally active form of GHS-R, and stimulates feeding and growth hormone secretion. Ghrelin is mainly produced in the A/X-like cells of the oxyntic glands of the stomach and is the main orexigenic circulating hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to affect feeding behavior and energy metabolism.Ghrelin-containing neuronal cell bodies are localized in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a center that integrates signals for energy homeostasis. Ghrelin-containing nerve fibers are widely distributed in the brain. Accumulated evidence shows that hypothalamic neuropeptides... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311436 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311435&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001371%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prominent 28 aminoacid neuropeptide with wide distribution in both central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays important regulatory role in many physiological processes. VIP has a large spectrum of biological functions including exocrine secretions, hormone release, foetal development, immune response and also exerts beneficial effect in neuro-degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Few years ago, it has been shown that VIP can be a promising anti-inflammatory agent. VIP mechanisms of action implicate two sub-types of receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2) which are members of class B receptors belonging to the super-family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Because, VPAC1 receptor plays an important role in the modulation of the an... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311435 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311434&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900136X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) is a system of vasoactive peptides, the kinins, involved in different aspects of remodeling, inflammation and angiogenesis. Kinins mediate their actions through two receptors, B1R and B2R. It is increasingly recognized that the KKS is involved in the inflammatory processes of the heart. Evidence shows that the B2R is beneficial in myocardial diseases, protecting from inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis, while B1R shows a proinflammatory character contributing to the disease progression by increasing the production of cytokines and stimulating the migration of immune cells. Furthermore, novel important actions of the KKS and its receptors contribute to neovascularization and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic areas and endo... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311434 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166828&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001383%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system plays an important role in the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Opioid peptides modulate the activity of this system and have been suggested to mediate, at least in part, the reinforcing properties of ethanol. Thus, beta-endorphin (β-END) could participate in the development of ethanol reinforcement and addiction. The aim of this work was to investigate the acute and chronic ethanol effects on β-END content in regions of the mesolimbic system and to examine if chronic ethanol treatment alters ligand binding to mu opioid receptor (μOR). Male Wistar rats received a single acute ethanol dose of 2.5g/kg or water by intra-gastric administration. For chronic ethanol treatment experiments, one group of rats was given ethanol (10% v/v solution)... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166828 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311433&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001358%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Strong correlation was found in the results of biochemical, cellular and structural approaches used to compare WT AT1R to mutant types. Random coil structure of the L265D mutant may be a key point to explain those changes observed in biochemical (binding and signal transduction) and proliferation assays (). β-Turn formation is an important step during early protein folding and this secondary simple structure is present in L262D and WT, but not in L265D. Therefore, leucine 265 seems to play a crucial role in determining an entirely functional AT1R. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311433 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166835&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001322%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The affiliation for the first author (Xue Zhou) is hereby replaced with the following: Department of Histology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166835 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166831&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001310%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptides regulate cell-cell signaling and influence many biological processes in vertebrates, including development, growth, and reproduction. The complex processing of neuropeptides from prohormone proteins by prohormone convertases, combined with the evolutionary distance between the chicken and mammalian species that have experienced extensive neuropeptide research, has led to the empirical confirmation of only 18 chicken prohormone proteins. To expand our knowledge of the neuropeptide and prohormone convertase gene complement, we performed an exhaustive survey of the chicken genomic, EST, and proteomic databases using a list of 95 neuropeptide and 7 prohormone convertase genes known in other species. Analysis of the EST resources and 22 microarray studies offered a compr... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166831 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166829&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001346%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the effect of prolonged food restriction, common in humans trying to lose body weight on expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropetides genes and on malonyl-CoA content in rat whole hypothalamus.We observed an increase of NPY and AgRP mRNA levels in hypothalamus of rats kept on 30days-long food restriction (50% of the amount of food consumed by controls). Simultaneously, a decrease of CART and POMC mRNA levels occurred. Refeeding caused a decrease in NPY and POMC mRNA levels without effect on AgRP and CART mRNA. Surprisingly, both prolonged food restriction and food restriction/refeeding caused the increase of malonyl-CoA level in whole hypothalamus. In contrast, fasting for 24h caused the decrease of malonyl-CoA level, which was associated with the up-regulatio... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166829 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166830&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001334%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Endomorphins are newly discovered μ-opioid receptor selective immunocompetent opioid peptides. Endomorphin 1 is predominantly distributed in brain, while endomorphin 2 is widely allocated in the spinal cord. Lately, endomorphins have been investigated as modulators of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide is short lived radical involved in various biological processes such as regulation of blood vessel contraction, inflammation, neurotransmission and apoptosis. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vivo effects of endomorphins on nitric oxide release and NOS 2 isoenzyme upregulation in mice peritoneal macrophages additionally challenged ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide. The results showed that endomorphin 1 or endomorphin 2 in vitro did not change NO release... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166830 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311432&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001309%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the present study the effects of bradykinin receptor antagonists were investigated in a murine model of asthma using BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin/alum and challenged twice with aerosolized ovalbumin. Twenty four hours later eosinophil proliferation in the bone marrow, activation (lipid bodies formation), migration to lung parenchyma and airways and the contents of the pro-angiogenic and pro-fibrotic cytokines TGF-β and VEGF were determined. The antagonists of the constitutive B2 (HOE 140) and inducible B1 (R954) receptors were administered intraperitoneally 30min before each challenge. In sensitized mice, the antigen challenge induced eosinophil proliferation in the bone marrow, their migration into the lungs and increased the number of lipid bodies in these cells. Th... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311432 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311431&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001164%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we used RT-PCR analysis to examine the gene expression of NPW mRNA in the rat brain, and performed a detailed analysis of the distribution of NPW-positive neurons by use of immunohistochemistry at both the light and electron microscopic levels. NPW mRNA expression was demonstrated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). At the light microscopic level, NPW-like immunoreactive (NPW-LI) cell bodies were found in the preoptic area (POA), PVN, ARC, VMH, LH, PMD (dorsal premammillary nucleus), periaqueductal gray (PAG), lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), and prepositus nucleus (Pr). NPW-LI axon terminals were shown in the POA, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), amygdala, PVN, ARC, ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311431 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311430&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001152%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Chronic infusion of human amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ) in the lateral ventricle (LV) of rats is associated with memory impairment and increase of kinin receptors in cortical and hippocampal areas. Deletion of kinin B1 or B2 receptors abolished memory impairment caused by an acute single injection of Aβ in the LV. As brain tissue and kinin receptors could unlikely react to acute or chronic administration of a similar quantity of Aβ, we evaluated the participation of B1 or B2 receptors in memory impairment after chronic infusion of Aβ. Male C57Bl/6J (wt), knock-out B1 (koB1) or B2 (koB2) mice (12weeks of age) previously trained in a two-way shuttle-box and achieving conditioned avoidance responses (CAR, % of 50 trials) were infused with AB (550pmol, 0.12μL/h, 28days) or vehicle in the... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311430 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166834&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Two tachykinin peptides, substance P (SP) and hemokinin-1 (HK-1), and three transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, are similarly localized in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion, suggesting that TRP channels may be related or modulated by these tachykinin peptides. Thus, to clarify whether the responses of TRP channels are modulated by SP or HK-1, the effects of pretreatment with SP or HK-1 on the induction of scratching behavior by TRP channel agonists were examined. Pretreatment with SP or HK-1 enhanced the induction of scratching behavior by resiniferatoxin, a TRPV1 agonist, whereas scratching behavior induced by menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, was suppressed by pretreatment with these peptides. On the other hand, pretreatment with SP, but n... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166834 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166832&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001127%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In our previous study we have identified PACAP, VIP and their receptors in rat malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells, thus showing anti-apoptotic roles. Recently it has been shown that the tumor suppressor neurofibromin, encoded by the Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) gene, promotes MPNST cells sensitivity to apoptosis after serum withdrawal.In the present study we investigated whether PACAP or VIP negatively regulate NF1 expression under normal or serum-dependent pro-apoptotic culture conditions. Results indicated that serum itself significantly influenced gene and protein levels. In fact, the low NF1 levels of cells cultured in normal serum-containing medium were remarkably increased in cells switched to low- or no-serum after 24h and 48h. Treatment with 100nM PAC... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166832 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311429&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001140%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Mechanisms coupled to kinin B1 and B2 receptors have been implicated in sensory changes associated to various models of neuropathy. The current study aimed to investigate if kinins also participate in orofacial thermal hyperalgesia induced by constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CION), a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain which displays persistent hypersensitivity to orofacial sensory stimulation, in rats and mice. Male Swiss mice (30–35g) or Wistar rats (200–250g; n=6–10 per group in both cases) underwent CION or sham surgery and were submitted repeatedly to application of heat (∼50°C) to the ipsilateral or contralateral snout, delivered by a heat source placed 1cm from the vibrissal pad. Decreases in latency to display head withdrawal or vigorous snout flicking we... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311429 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166833&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001139%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present study was undertaken in order to establish the possible involvement of serotonergic receptors in the control of physical exercise-stimulated vasopressin secretion. Twenty-one healthy men (divided in three groups of seven) underwent bicycle-ergometer tests until exhaustion: exercise control test (n=21), exercise plus ondansetron, selective 5-HT3 antagonist (n=7), exercise plus buspirone, selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist (n=7), exercise plus sumatriptan, selective 5-HT1D receptor agonist (n=7). AVP levels, physiological and biochemical variables were measured and compared during tests. Results showed that exercise-induced AVP rise did not change after the administration of buspirone and sumatriptan. In contrast, the administration of ondansetron significantly reduced p... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166833 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973797&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001231%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973797 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:47:58 +0100 2973797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973790&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900119X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973790 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:47:57 +0100 2973790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311428&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001103%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptides (PPs) belong to the same peptide family called the Y or NPY family. Central and peripheral injections of these peptides are implicated in the regulation of food intake at the level of the hypothalamus (central effects; increased food intake) and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (peripheral effects; decreased food intake). The DVC of the brainstem is a satiety reflex key region, which includes the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), area postrema (AP) and dorso motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX). NPY binding sites were quantified on serial DVC sections using in vitro receptor autoradiography in two feeding adaptation models: fasting and inflammatory anorexia. Receptor autoradiography revealed that Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311428 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3166827&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neurotensin (NT) is a 13 amino acid neurohormone and/or neuromodulator, located in the synaptic vesicles and released from the neuronal terminals in a calcium-dependent manner. This peptide is present among mammalian and nonmammalian species, mainly in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its neuroendocrine activity, NT has been related to the pathophysiology of a series of disorders, such as schizophrenia, drug-abuse, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, stroke, eating disorders and other neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, NT participates in the physiology of pain-induction, central blood pressure control and inflammation. NT also plays an important interactive role in all components of the hypothalamic–anterior pituitary circuit, which is mediated ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3166827 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3166827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973793&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001061%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) donors induce delayed headaches in migraineurs. In a corresponding rat model NO donors cause delayed ongoing activity in central trigeminal neurons which process intracranial afferent input. Cellular models indicate that NO may increase the release or production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a key mediator in primary headaches. CGRP release from intact isolated trigeminal ganglia of adult male Wistar rats was investigated in vitro. Exposure to high NO donor concentrations did not affect basal or stimulated CGRP release. After a two hour infusion of the NO donor glyceroltrinitrate (250μg/kg/h), however, inflammatory mediators-induced CGRP release was 80% higher compared to control animals. Administration of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor OD... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973793 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2973793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973792&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this report, the cDNAs of NPS and NPSR were cloned and sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis of NPS gene sequences were performed. The expression of NPS and NPSR mRNA in the pig was systemically investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the distribution of NPS was determined by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that the gene and predicted amino acid sequences of both NPS and NPSR were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NPS coding sequences from related species display high degrees of homology. NPS and NPSR mRNAs were widely expressed in various tissues of the pig. NPS mRNA was highly expressed in CNS, while NPSR mRNA was widely expressed in many tissues, with high expression in the hypophysis... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973792 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2973792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311426&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000912%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Joint International Symposium Peptide Receptors – Kinin 2009 was successfully held in Quebec City (June 26–30, 2009), and the Editor-in-Chief of Neuropeptides, Dr. Jacqueline N. Crawley, graciously accepted to host a Special Issue open to the 150 participants of this event. This was the 5th Symposium of the Peptide Receptors series and the preceding editions (1994, 1996, 2001, 2004) were all held in Montreal, Canada. The 2009 symposium benefited from the experience of a pretty stable core of members of the successive local organizing committees. The 2009 edition of Peptide Receptors was recognized as the First meeting of the Canadian Branch of the International Neuropeptide Society (www.inps.org). Thus, the usual interest in the neurosciences was strongly represented with cutting e... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311426 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3311427&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909001085%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The peptidases angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) mediate most of the kinin catabolism in normal cardiac tissue and are the molecular targets of inhibitory drugs that favorably influence diabetic complications. We studied the variations of those kininases in the myocardium of rats in experimental diabetes. ACE and NEP activities were significantly decreased in heart membranes 4–8weeks post-streptozotocin (STZ) injection. However, insulin-dependent diabetes did not modify significantly bradykinin (BK) half-life (t1/2) while the effect of both ACE (enalaprilat) and ACE and NEP (omapatrilat) inhibitors on BK degradation progressively decreased, which may be explained by the upregulation of other unidentified metallopeptidase(s). In vivo insul... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3311427 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3311427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915957&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000973%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915957 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915949&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000948%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915949 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973794&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000900%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Members of the neuropeptide-Y (NPY) family acting via Y2 and/or Y4 receptors have been proposed to participate in the control of ingestive behaviour and energy homeostasis. Since these processes vary between day and night, we explored the circadian patterns of locomotor, exploratory and ingestive behaviour in mice with disrupted genes for Y2 (Y2−/−) or Y4 (Y4−/−) receptors. To this end, the LabMaster system was used and its utility for the analysis of changes in circadian activity and ingestion caused by gene knockout evaluated. Female animals, aged 27weeks on average, were housed singly in cages fitted with sensors for water and food intake and two infrared frames for recording ambulation and rearing under a 12h light/dark cycle for 4days. Relative to WT animals, diurnal... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973794 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2973794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973791&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000894%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a classic neuronal regulator of energy homeostasis, is now also known to be involved in the control of bone homeostasis. Of the five known Y receptors through which the NPY family of ligands signals, the Y1 and Y2 receptors have so far been implicated in the control of osteoblast activity and thus bone formation. Analysis of brain specific NPY overexpressing and Y receptor knockout models has revealed a powerful anabolic pathway likely involving hypothalamic Y2 receptors and osteoblastic Y1 receptors. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the NPY system in the control of bone could lead to the development of therapies to improve bone mass in patients with diseases such as osteoporosis. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973791 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2973791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915955&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000882%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptors have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes like cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and neoplastic transformation of various non-pituitary tissues. Here, we investigated for the first time the in vitro effect of GHRH(1-29)NH2 on the proliferation and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chromogranin A by the human bronchial neuroendocrine tumor cells NCI-H727. GHRH(1-29)NH2 at the concentrations of 10−8–10−6M increased the proliferation of these cells and this effect was associated with a statistically significant increase in VEGF and chromogranin A secretion into the supernatants of the tested cells. Our findings indicate that GHRH functions as a trophic hor... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915955 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915956&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000869%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915956 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973796&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000845%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Antagonists of the NOP receptor have antidepressant effects in rodent models, suggesting that the N/OFQ–NOP system may play an important role in affective disorders. Furthermore, multiple lines of experimental evidence link N/OFQ neurotransmission with physiological and behavioral responses to stress. One possibility is that disregulated expression of the N/OFQ peptide neurotransmitter and/or the NOP receptor may participate in the etiology of stress-induced psychopathology. In the present set of experiments, we compared gene expression for prepro-N/OFQ and NOP receptor in groups of rats that were exposed to differing regimens of social defeat stress. Male Long-Evans rats were exposed to no social defeat, a single, acute social defeat or to repeated social defeats with or witho... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973796 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2973796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973795&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000870%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It is known that the sleep-waking cycle is modulated by several molecules that may also regulate food intake, among them several neuropeptides. The cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript has been studied in relation to food ingestion, but it seems to have several other functions that may include sleep regulation. In this context, we studied the effect of the intracerebroventricular administration of the cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9nmol) on the sleep-waking cycle (12-h recordings), as well as its effect on food intake in rats. Additionally, we analyzed the neuronal activity as measured by c-Fos expression induced by the cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated transcript in neurons of nuclei involved in the regulation of sleep and feeding behavi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973795 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2973795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915951&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000833%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, present study discursively demonstrates that MERF during chronic treatment interacts with all three opioid receptors (μ, δ and κ) in rats and differently regulates their expression. Further, the interaction was such that the induction was mainly observed at molecular/expression level and not at pharmacological level to affect antinociception. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915951 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915954&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000857%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ganglia expressing the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) innervate vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) containing neurons suggesting a role of PACAP in regulating VIP expression. Human NB-1 neuroblastoma cells were applied to study PACAP regulated VIP gene expression aiming to identify the receptor and the signaling proteins involved. The PACAP receptor subtype PAC1 induced VIP gene expression as (i) PACAP and the PAC1 receptor agonist maxadilan were equally efficient and ∼200-fold more potent than VIP, and (ii) PACAP6-38 and PG99-465, antagonists of PAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, respectively, abolished and did not affect the PACAP-induced VIP mRNA expression, respectively. A pivotal role of PKA was implicated in addition to partial involvement... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915954 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915953&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000821%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) has been shown to possess neuroprotective activity in in vitro and in vivo models. Since its potential utility is limited by relatively rapid metabolism, metabolically stabilized analogues have been constructed. In the present study we investigated the influence of TRH and its three stable analogues: Montirelin (MON, CG-3703), RGH-2202 (L-6-keto-piperidine-2carbonyl-l-leucyl-l-prolinamide) and Z-TRH (N-carbobenzyloxy-pGlutamyl-Histydyl-Proline) in various models of mouse cortical neuronal cell injury. Twenty four hour pre-treatment with TRH and its analogues in low micromolar concentrations attenuated the neuronal cell death evoked by excitatory amino acids (EAAs: glutamate, NMDA, kainate, quisqualate) and hydro... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915953 Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915952&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000705%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuroplasticity occurs in the spinal cord in response to lesions, but less is known about the underlying mechanism. This investigation explored the role of intrinsic NGF in axonal sprouting of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in cats subjected to unilateral removal of L1–L5, L7–S2 DRG, but leaving the L6 DRG (spared DRG) undamaged. The expression of mRNA and protein for NGF and TrkA increased significantly by using in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. ELISA assay showed that the level of NGF was up-regulated in the spared DRG, compared to the control side. In vitro studies showed that cultured neurons prepared from DRG explants of cats that received partial ganglionectomy had greater neurite growth compared to those prepared from untreated controls, and tha... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915952 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2915950&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000699%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A role for β-endorphin (β-END) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is suggested by both animal research and studies examining clinical populations. The major etiological theories of depression include brain regions and neural systems that interact with opioid systems and β-END. Recent preclinical data have demonstrated multiple roles for β-END in the regulation of complex homeostatic and behavioural processes that are affected during a depressive episode. Additionally, β-END inputs to regulatory pathways involving feeding behaviours, motivation, and specific types of motor activity have important implications in defining the biological foundations for specific depressive symptoms. Early research linking β-END to MDD did so in the context of the hypotha... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2915950 Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2915950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644975&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000766%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644975 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:35:36 +0100 2644975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644964&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000730%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644964 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:35:35 +0100 2644964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644967&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000663%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, we showed for the first time that BDNF and NT-4 activate two different intracellular signalling pathways through a Trk B receptor dependent mechanism. Furthermore, present findings support the hypothesis that BDNF and NT-4 acutely applied, could be considered as modulators of noradrenergic transmission and thus may regulate hypothalamic physiological as well as pathophysiological responses. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644967 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644965&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000687%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Our previous study has pointed that arginine vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NA) are two most important bioactive substances that play a role in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulating pain process. The communication was designed to investigate the interaction between AVP and NA in the rat PVN during the pain process. We used the potassium iontophoresis inducing tail-flick to test the pain threshold, PVN push–pull perfusion to collect the samples, high performance chromatography (HPLC) to determine the NA concentration and radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure the AVP concentration. The results showed that (1) pain stimulation increased both NA and AVP concentrations in the PVN perfusion liquid; (2) PVN administration of l-glutamate sodium increased AVP, not NA ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644965 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644966&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000675%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In 5-month-old male and female dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) knockout mice food intake per animal was unaltered while food per g BW was increased. We wished to evaluate the effect of D2R disruption on different components of energy balance and food intake regulation. We determined hypothalamic orexin precursor (PPO) expression, its receptor OX1, serum leptin levels, hypothalamic leptin receptor (OBR), circulating and pituitary α MSH levels, as well as central MC3 and MC4 receptors and NPY mRNA in wildtype and D2R knockout mice (KO).Loss of D2R caused a marked increase in serum prolactin levels, to higher levels in females compared to male KO mice. On the other hand, it produced a female-specific increase in circulating αMSH, and hypothalamic αMSH content, while neurointermediate �... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644966 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644970&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000493%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although morphine is a potent antinociceptive agent, its chronic use developed tolerance in neuropathic pain (NP). Furthermore, opioid antagonist naloxone attenuated the antinociceptive effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The present study investigated the role of NPY and NPY Y1/Y5 receptors in acute and chronic actions of morphine in neuropathic rats using thermal paw withdrawal test and immunocytochemistry. In acute study, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of morphine, NPY or NPY Y1/Y5 receptors agonist [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY produced antinociception, whereas selective NPY Y1 receptors antagonist BIBP3226 caused hyperalgesia. While NPY or [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY potentiated, BIBP3226 attenuated morphine induced antinociception. Chronic icv infusion of morphine via osmotic minipumps... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644970 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644969&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900050X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ghrelin, a gastric peptide with key action on food intake, has been recently recognized as a potential antiepileptic agent. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide in the effect of ghrelin on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rat. Thirty minutes after penicillin injection, ghrelin, at doses of 0.5, 1, 2μg, was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Ghrelin, at a dose of 1μg, significantly decreased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity without changing the amplitude whereas other doses of ghrelin (0.5 and 2μg) did not alter either the mean of frequency or amplitude of epileptiform activity. The effects of systemic administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, non-selective NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-N... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644969 Tue, 23 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644968&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000511%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Brain insulin has widespread metabolic, neurotrophic, and neuromodulatory functions and is involved in the central regulation of food intake and body weight, learning and memory, neuronal development, neuronal apoptosis, and aging. To understand the neuromodulatory role of insulin, we aimed to characterize its yet undefined in vivo electrophysiological effects. We elected to record from the cerebellar cortex because this region has average insulin concentration and insulin receptor content in relation to the whole brain, and has been previously shown to be a target for insulin signaling. We used in vivo microiontophoresis to apply insulin juxtaneuronally while simultaneously recording changes in spontaneous neuronal activity. The analysis included 553 significant neuronal respons... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644968 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644972&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Rat adipose tissue is the principal site of leptin synthesis, however, leptin gene expression has been demonstrated in many rat tissues. Some data indicate that leptin produced by human brain and adipose tissue could cooperate in the regulation of food intake. In this case the regulation of leptin gene expression in hypothalamus and in adipose tissue should be coordinately regulated. Food restriction is often undertaken by many humans trying to lose body weight. Thus, the current study was aimed to analyze whether leptin gene expression in rat hypothalamus and in adipose tissue is regulated synchronously by prolonged food restriction and prolonged food restriction/refeeding.We demonstrate here that although leptin gene is expressed at very low level in rat hypothalamus, its expre... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644972 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644974&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000481%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We have previously shown that one of the major determinants directing the expression of the preprotachykinin-A (TAC1) gene, which encodes the neuropeptide substance P, is the transcription factor Neuronal Restrictive Silencer Factor (NSRF), which is also termed Repressor Element-1 Silencing Factor (REST). In rodent models of epilepsy, NRSF and its truncated isoform short NRSF (sNRSF), also termed REST4, are increased as an immediate response to seizure. In similar models the neurokinin B (NKB) gene (TAC3) is also induced and NKB has also been shown to be proconvulsant. In this communication we have demonstrated that both the TAC3 endogenous gene and its promoter are regulated, directly or indirectly, by the NRSF transcription factors resulting in both the increased expression of ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644974 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644971&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900047X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study is to determine whether PACAP38 affects expression of regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1α) in cultured neurons and if these chemokines contribute to the neuroprotective effect of PACAP38. The data show that incubation of neuronal cultures with both PACAP38 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) reduces the neuronal cell death evoked by SNP alone. PACAP38 dose-dependently increases immunodetectable levels of both RANTES and MIP-1α released in the media by cultured neurons. Co-treatment with a neutralizing antibody to RANTES decreases the PACAP38-mediated protection against SNP. Although RANTES treatment of neurons increased MIP-1α levels in the media and MIP-1α supports neuronal survival... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644971 Wed, 03 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463689&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000584%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463689 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463679&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000547%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463679 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644973&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000444%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Estrogen alters excitability and changes synaptic morphology in the rat hippocampal formation. We have compared, by means of radioimmunoassay and in situ hybridization, the effects of short-term treatment with 17β-estradiol on neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain of ovariectomized mice. A highly significant reduction in concentrations of NPY-like immunoreactivity (LI) was observed in the hippocampal formation, some cortical areas and the caudate nucleus 1h after administration of 17β-estradiol as compared to the control group. In contrast, NPY transcript levels increased in the hippocampal formation (dentate gyrus) and the caudate nucleus, possibly representing a compensatory increase of NPY synthesis following increased estradiol-induced NPY release. These data suggest that 17β-... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644973 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463680&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000456%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Orexinergic system may play an important role in the regulation of anesthesia–arousal. However, which region or which pathway mediated the effect of orexins was still unclear. In current study, we investigated whether activation of orexin signals in basal forebrain (BF) may alter electroencephalographic activity, induction and emergence time to sevoflurane anesthesia in rats. Either orexin-A or orexin-B was injected into the BF while measuring electroencephalogram (EEG) under 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (2.4%) sevoflurane anesthesia. The induction and emergence time of sevoflurane anesthesia were measured respectively after an injection of orexin receptor agonist (orexin-A or orexin-B) or antagonist (SB-334867A) into the BF also. We found that the administration of orexi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463680 Mon, 25 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463681&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The galanin peptide family and its three receptors have with compelling evidence been implicated in several high-order physiological disorders. The co-localization with other neuromodulators and the distinct up-regulation during and after pathological disturbances has drawn attention to this neuropeptide family. In the current study we present data on receptor binding and functional response for a novel galanin receptor type 2 (GalR2) selective chimeric peptide, M1145 [(RG)2-N-galanin(2-13)-VL-(P)3-(AL)2-A-amide]. The M1145 peptide shows more than 90-fold higher affinity for GalR2 over GalR1 and a 76-fold higher affinity over GalR3. Furthermore, the peptide yields an agonistic effect in vitro, seen as an increase in inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, both in the absence or the... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463681 Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463683&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000419%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of subcutaneous Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) administration on corticosterone (CORT) secretion were determined in male and female wild-type mice and mice lacking the N/OFQ prepropeptide. Additionally the effect of pretreating animals with isoflurane anesthesia to minimize the potential stress of injection was examined. Although N/OFQ itself did not specifically increase CORT levels in males or females of either genotype, injection alone (either vehicle or N/OFQ) or isoflurane exposure both increased CORT levels in all groups. These results demonstrate that N/OFQ does not elevate circulating CORT levels; however the injection process itself results in increased CORT secretion. Pretreatment with isoflurane did not significantly diminish the CORT response to injection,... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463683 Wed, 20 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463682&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000420%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The octapeptide angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of blood pressure by activating ANG II receptors located in variety of cell types including neurons housed in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ANG II (100nM) blocked spike frequency accommodation (SFA) recorded with whole-cell patch technique in acutely isolated nodose ganglion neurons (NGN) from adult rats. ANG II increased the frequency of action potentials (AP) produced by supramaximal 500ms depolarizing currents recorded in both tonic (16Hz vs. 58Hz, control vs. ANG II perfusion respectively, n=9) and phasic (1Hz vs. 38Hz, n=13) NGNs. ANG II produced no significant changes in: the resting membrane potential (−51mV vs. −50mV, n=65), AP overshoot (46mV... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463682 Tue, 12 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463684&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000407%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Somatostatin infusion in rat ventral pallidum (VP) led to the attenuation of locomotor activity (Marazioti, A., Kastellakis, A., Antoniou, K., Papasava, D., Thermos, K., 2005. Somatostatin receptors in the ventral pallidum/substantia innominata modulate rat locomotor activity. Psychopharmacology 181, 319–326). In the present study, we investigated the putative circuitry involved in somatostatin’s actions by examining the involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission in locomotor activity subsequent to somatostatin’s infusion into the VP. Male Sprague–Dawley rats, 300–350g, were used for all experiments. Saline or somatostatin (240ng/0.5μl/side) in the absence or presence of bicuculline (GABA-A antagonist; 5mg/kg/ml, i.p.; 120ng/side nucleus accumbens (NAc)) or phaclofen (... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463684 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463688&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000365%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the studies suggest a possible role of GnRH in the neuroleptic and cataleptic effect of haloperidol. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463688 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463685&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000390%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Rat/mouse hemokinin-1 (r/m HK-1) has been identified as a member of the tachykinin family and its effect in colonic contractile activity remains unknown. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of actions of r/m HK-1 on the mouse colonic contractile activity in vitro by comparing it with that of substance P (SP). R/m HK-1 induced substantial contractions on the circular muscle of mouse colon. The maximal contractile responses to r/m HK-1 varied significantly among proximal-, mid- and distal-colon, suggesting that the action of r/m HK-1 was region-specific in mouse colon. The contractile response induced by r/m HK-1 is primarily via activation of tachykinin NK1 receptors leading to activation of cholinergic excitatory pathways and with a minor contribution of NK2 receptors, whi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463685 Mon, 27 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463686&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000389%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the newly synthesized analog of enkephalin, cyclo[Nε,Nβ-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a highly potent μ- (guinea pig ileum assay) and δ-receptors (mouse vas deferens assay) ligand, induces an antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate test and tail-immersion test after intracerebroventricular administration. Our study indicated that this peptide at the dose of 0.25nmol produced comparable but at the dose of 0.5nmol stronger than morphine (13nmol), antinociceptive effect in both tests. Furthermore, rats with developed tolerance to morphine indicated cross-tolerance to antinociceptive effects of cUENK6. The antinociceptive effects of cUENK6 and morphine were inhibited by non-selective opioid receptor antagonist – na... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463686 Mon, 20 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2463687&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000377%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The decapeptide Cetrorelix, an LHRH antagonist, inhibits gonadotropin and sex steroid secretion. Cetrorelix is used for IVF-ET procedures and for the treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, leiomyomas and, ovarian cancer. However little is known about the effects of Cetrorelix on the brain function. In the present work the influence of Cetrorelix on different aspects of the brain function was studied following its administration into the lateral brain ventricle in mice. The effects tested included the impairment of the consolidation of a passive avoidance reflex caused by beta-amyloid 25–35, anxiolytic action in the plus-maze, antidepressive action in a forced swimming test and a tail suspension test and open-field behavior. I... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2463687 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2463687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364546&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000274%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364546 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364545&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417908001327%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The author name: K.S. Mnkkönen should be changed as K.S. Mönkkönen. The Editorial office regrets the error occurred. (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364545 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364544&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000183%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364544 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364543&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417908001297%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Endothelins, acting through specific endothelin ETA and/or ETB receptors, participate in nociceptive processing in models of cancer, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The present study investigated which cell types express endothelin receptors in the trigeminal ganglion, and the contribution of mechanisms mediated by endothelin ETA and ETB receptors to orofacial heat hyperalgesia induced by unilateral constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CION). Both receptor types were identified by immunohistochemistry in the trigeminal ganglion, ETA receptors on small-sized non-myelinated and myelinated A-fibers and ETB receptors on both satellite glial cells and small-sized non-myelinated neuronal cells. CION promoted ipsilateral orofacial heat hyperalgesia which lasted from Day 2 until Da... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364543 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364542&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417908001303%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we have evaluated the effect of MSC administration on the expression of the neuropeptides galanin and NPY, as well as the NPY Y1-receptor (Y1R) in DRG neurons. Animals were subjected to a sciatic nerve SLNC either alone or followed by the administration of MSCs, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or bone marrow non-adherent mononuclear cells (BNMCs), directly into the ipsilateral L4 DRG. Seven days after injury, the ipsilateral and contralateral L4–5 DRGs were dissected out and processed for standard immunohistochemistry, using specific antibodies. As previously reported, SLNC induced an ipsilateral increase in the number of galanin and NPY immunoreactive neurons and a decrease in Y1R-positive DRG neurons. The intraganglionic injection of PBS or BNMCs did not modify this patt... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364542 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364541&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417908001315%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study compares the effect of an acute stressor (restraint for 1h) versus a chronic stressor (social isolation for 4 weeks) on the expression of mRNAs for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptor type 1 (CRH-R1) and type 2 (CRH-R2) in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of socially monogamous female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Animals were studied immediately following a stressor or as a function of repairing with a familiar sibling. Despite elevated expression of CRH mRNA, no alteration of CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus was observed following restraint stress or 4 weeks of social isolation. Hypothalamic CRH-R2 mRNA was significantly lower in voles exposed to restraint or isolation. CRH-R2 mRNA also remained down-regulated in isolated animals when these an... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364541 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364540&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417908001339%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The kappa opioid receptor ligand [3H]CI-977 was used to autoradiographically determine the density of kappa opioid receptors in the male rat brain following chronic treatment with the anabolic androgenic steroid nandrolone decanoate at two different doses. As compared to controls, significantly lower densities of the kappa opioid receptor were encountered after two weeks of high dose nandrolone decanoate (15mg/kg) in the nucleus accumbens shell (16%), lateral hypothalamic area (36%), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (37%), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (49%), central amygdaloid nucleus, capsular part (28%), lateral globus pallidus (35%) and in the stria terminalis (24%). Furthermore, an up-regulation of the receptor level was observed in the caudate putamen (18%) and in the d... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364540 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364539&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS014341790900002X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of brain kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) in the antidipsogenic effect promoted by third ventricle injections of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Wistar male rats were submitted to three different, thirst-inducing, physiological conditions: dehydration induced by water deprivation, hyperosmolarity induced by salt-load and hypovolemia induced by polyethylene glycol subcutaneous injection. Third ventricle injections of IL-1β significantly inhibited the increase in water intake observed in those situations. The pharmacological blockade of central KOR by the selective KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (BNI) at different doses significantly inhibited the antidipsogenic effect induced by the central administration of IL-1β in all conditions ... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364539 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364538&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000031%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Angiotensin II (Ang II) and its type-1 receptor (AT1) occur in neurons at multiple locations within the organism, but the basic biology of the receptor in the nervous system remains incompletely understood. We previously observed abundant AT1-like binding sites and intense expression of AT1 immunoreactivity in perikarya of the dorsal root ganglion and ventral horn of the rat spinal cord. We have now examined the receptor in rat sciatic nerve, including the dynamics of its axonal transport. Ligand-binding autoradiography of resting nerve showed “hot spots” of 125I-Ang II binding that could be specifically blocked by the AT1 antagonist, losartan. Immunohistochemistry with an AT1-antibody validated by Western blots also showed patches of AT1-reactivity in nerve. These patches we... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364538 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364537&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000195%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the expression of orexin A and OX(1) in the CPs from the brain of an adult mammalian species, Bubalis bubalis, by immunogold-labelling in scanning electron microscopy. Both orexin A and OX(1) immuno-reactivity appeared to be widely distributed on the surface of choroid epithelium. Interestingly, a marked orexin A labelling was detected in the areas surrounding the CP blood capillaries. The expression of prepro-orexin and OX(1) mRNA transcripts of 200 and 300bp, respectively, was assessed in the CPs by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, while Western blotting analysis confirmed the presence of these two proteins in the tissue. Our findings provide the first evidence for orexin A and OX(1) expression in the CPs from mammalian brain, and suggest th... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364537 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364536&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000201%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Orexin-induced orexigenic action is mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY) in goldfish and rodents. A previous study indicated that NPY-induced orexigenic action may also be mediated by orexin-A in goldfish. However, there is little information about the mutual actions of orexin-A and NPY in the goldfish. Therefore, using their specific receptor antagonists, we examined whether the orexigenic actions of orexin-A and NPY mutually interact in the goldfish. The stimulatory effect of intracerebroventricular injection of NPY at 1pmol/g body weight (BW) on food intake was abolished by treatment with the orexin receptor-1 antagonist, SB334867, at 10pmol/g BW whereas the NPY Y1-receptor antagonist, BIBP3226, at 100pmol/g BW attenuated orexin-A (at 2.8pmol/g BW)-stimulated feeding. This led us,... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364536 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364535&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000213%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mediates its physiological functions through activation of PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, and the ubiquitous Ca2+-sensor calmodulin has been implicated in PACAP-induced signaling. The immediate early response gene FOS is a well-known marker of neuronal activation, so we used a human neuroblastoma cell line NB-1 to explore the role of calmodulin in PACAP-induced FOS gene expression. We observed both short-term and prolonged altered PACAP-mediated activation of the FOS gene in the presence of the calmodulin-antagonist W-7. NB-1 cells were shown to express PAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, and immunoprecipitation of both receptors displayed a co-association with calmodulin in the absence of Ca2+. Our findings indi... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364535 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2364534&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000250%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Neuropeptides) Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2364534 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2364534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2508304&cid=s_38559_168_f&fid=38559&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neuropeptidesjournal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0143417909000225%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It is generally assumed that neurodegeneration is connected with glutamatergic hyperactivity, and that neuropeptide Y (NPY) inhibits glutamate release. Some earlier studies indicated that NPY may have neuroprotective effect; however, the results obtained so far are still divergent, and the role of different Y receptors remains unclear. Therefore in the presented study we investigated the neuroprotective potential of NPY and its Y2, Y5 or Y1 receptor (R) ligands against the kainate (KA)-induced excitotoxicity in neuronal cultures in vitro, as well as in vivo after intrahippocampal KA injection and also in an ischemic middle cerebral artery occlusion model after intraventricular injection of Y2R agonist. NPY compounds were applicated 30min, 1, 3 or 6h after the start of the exposur... Neuropeptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2508304 Wed, 25 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2508304