MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Obesity Reviews' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 06:15:24 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665014&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00940.x SummaryThe ToyBox intervention was developed using an evidence‐based approach, using the findings of four reviews. These reviews included three critical and narrative reviews of educational strategies and psychological approaches explaining young children's acquisition and formation of energy‐balance related behaviours, and the management of these behaviours, and also a systematic review of behavioural models underpinning school‐based interventions in preschool and school settings for the prevention of obesity in children aged 4–6 years.This paper summarises and translates the findings from these reviews into practical evidence based recommendations for researchers and policy‐makers to consider when developing and implementing interventions for the prevention of overweight and ob... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665014 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:28 +0100 5665014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665013&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00963.x SummaryObesity prevention efforts for school‐aged children and adolescents are increasing in number. However, little has been done to address the problem in the preschool age. To address this age group, an evidence‐based preschool programme on physical activity (PA) and nutrition is developed within the ToyBox project. Environmental influencing factors such as policies and competitive health promotion activities could inhibit or induce a successful health promotion programme. This paper describes an overview of existing policies, legislation and/or regulations and health promotion activities in the preschool setting. Method: data were gathered on policies and activities aiming to improve healthy eating and PA of young children (age group 4–6 years) in Belgium‐Flanders, Bulgaria, Ge... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665013 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:26 +0100 5665013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665012&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00962.x SummaryThe aim of this comprehensive systematic review was to identify the most effective behavioural models and behaviour change strategies, underpinning preschool‐ and school‐based interventions aimed at preventing obesity in 4–6‐year‐olds. Searching was conducted from April 1995 to April 2010 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library. Epidemiological studies relevant to the research question with controlled assignment of participants were included in the review, if they had follow‐up periods of 6 months or longer. Outcomes included markers of weight gain; markers of body composition; physical activity behaviour changes and dietary behaviour changes. Twelve studies were included in the review. The most commonly used model was social cognitive theory (SC... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665012 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:24 +0100 5665012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665011&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00973.x SummaryThe aim of this narrative review is critically to evaluate educational strategies promoting physical activity that are used in the preschool setting in the context of obesity prevention programmes. Literature search was conducted between April and August 2010 in English and German databases (PubMED, PsychINFO, PSYNDEX, ERIC, FIS Bildung). Outcomes considered were time and intensity of physical activity, motor skills or measures of body composition. A total of 19 studies were included. Ten studies added physical activity lessons into their curriculum, one study provided more time for free play, eight studies focused on the social and play environment. Studies reporting positive outcomes implemented physical activity sessions that lasted at least 30 min d−1. Several studies show... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665011 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:22 +0100 5665011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665010&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00939.x SummaryStrategies to reduce risk of obesity by influencing preschool children's eating behaviour are reviewed. The studies are placed in the context of relevant psychological processes, including inherited and acquired preferences, and behavioural traits, such as food neophobia, ‘enjoyment of food’ and ‘satiety responsiveness’. These are important influences on how children respond to feeding practices, as well as predictors of obesity risk. Nevertheless, in young children, food environment and experience are especially important for establishing eating habits and food preferences. Providing information to parents, or to children, on healthy feeding is insufficient. Acceptance of healthy foods can be encouraged by five to ten repeated tastes. Recent evidence suggests rewarding heal... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665010 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:20 +0100 5665010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665009&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00961.x This study aimed to explore parents' perceptions of their preschool children's screen time. One hundred twenty‐two parents of low and medium‐high socioeconomic status from six European countries with children between 4 and 6 years old were involved in 24 focus groups. Following a qualitative content analysis, the available information and key findings were centrally analysed. Results showed that children tend to like watching television (TV) and most parents do not express worries about their children's TV viewing time. Education is considered to be the main benefit of watching TV and in general, parents only have informal rules about TV viewing. Computer and active games use are less frequent compared with TV viewing. No univocal results are found about the influence of siblings or fr... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665009 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:19 +0100 5665009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665008&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00960.x SummaryThe current review aimed to systematically identify dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours in preschool children (4–6 years of age) that are prospectively related to overweight or obesity later in childhood. Prospective studies published between January 1990 and June 2010 were selected from searches in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. Studies examining the prospective association between at least one relevant behaviour measured during preschool period (children aged 4–6 years at baseline) in relation to at least one anthropometric measurement at follow‐up (age <18 years) were included. Harvest plots were used to summarize the results and draw conclusions from the evidence.Of the 8,718 retrieved papers, 23 papers reporting on 15 different s... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665008 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:17 +0100 5665008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665007&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00958.x SummaryValid and reliable measures of energy balance‐related behaviours are required when evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions aiming at prevention of childhood obesity. A structured descriptive review was performed to appraise food intake, physical activity and sedentary behaviour assessment tools used in obesity intervention strategies targeting mainly preschool children across Europe. In total, 25 papers are described, addressing energy balance‐related behaviours as study outcomes and targeting individuals or clusters of individuals at school‐ or home‐based environment. Parentally reported food records and 24‐h recalls were commonly used to assess food intake. Subjective levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour were commonly accessed via paren... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665007 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:15 +0100 5665007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665006&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00959.x In conclusion, large differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschoolers across Europe were observed. Future obesity prevention interventions in preschoolers should target screen time giving specific attention to children from overweight and/or low socioeconomic status parents. There is a need for high methodological quality studies, preferably with a long‐term prospective design using sensitive, valid and reliable measures of behaviours, assessing whether and which physical activity and dietary behaviours are associated with overweight in preschoolers. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665006 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:13 +0100 5665006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665005&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00941.x SummaryChildhood overweight is a multifactorial health problem influenced by several factors. The interaction of behaviours such as physical activity, sedentary behaviour and eating behaviour determines whether or not a positive energy balance or weight gain is experienced. Knowing the correlates of these behaviours in 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children is of major interest for intervention development. According to the systematic literature search, attending a rural preschool was positively associated with physical activity. Gender, age and socioeconomic status were not associated with physical activity, while an indeterminate result was found for ethnicity. Gender and ethnicity were not associated with sedentary behaviour and indeterminate results were found for age and socioeconomic status... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665005 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:12 +0100 5665005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665004&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00974.x SummaryThe increasing childhood obesity epidemic calls for appropriate measures and effective policies to be applied early in life. Large‐scale socioecological frameworks providing a holistic multifactorial and cost‐effective approach necessary to support obesity prevention initiatives in this age are however currently missing. To address this missing link, ToyBox‐study aims to build and evaluate a cost‐effective kindergarten‐based, family‐involved intervention scheme to prevent obesity in early childhood, which could potentially be expanded on a pan‐European scale. A multidisciplinary team of researchers from 10 countries have joined forces and will work to realize this according to a systematic stepwise approach that combines the use of the PRECEDE‐PROCEED model and inter... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665004 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:10 +0100 5665004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665003&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00977.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665003 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:44:08 +0100 5665003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5665002&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00979.x SummaryObesity is a major health hazard and despite lifestyle modification, many patients frequently regain any lost body weight. The use of western anti‐obesity drugs has been limited by side effects including mood changes, suicidal thoughts, and gastrointestinal or cardiovascular complications. The effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine including Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and acupuncture provide an alternative established therapy for this medical challenge. In this systematic review, we used standard methodologies to search, review, analyse and synthesize published data on the efficacy, safety and relapse of weight regain associated with use of CHM and acupuncture. We also examined the rationale, mechanisms and potential utility of these therapies. A total of 12 e... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5665002 Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:43:24 +0100 5665002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5644888&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00981.x In conclusion, modest weight reductions were seen for all pharmacological interventions. Those interventions which have now been withdrawn from use (sibutramine and rimonabant) seem to be the most effective, implying that there may be a place in clinical practice for similar drugs if side effects could be avoided. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5644888 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5644888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5605451&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00980.x SummaryObesity prevention provides a major opportunity to improve population health. As health improvements usually require additional and scarce resources, novel health technologies (interventions) should be economically evaluated. In the prevention of obesity, health benefits may slowly accumulate over time and it can take many years before an intervention has reached full effectiveness. Decision‐analytic simulation models (DAMs), which combine evidence from diverse sources, can be utilized to evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of such interventions. This literature review summarizes long‐term economic findings (defined as ≥40 years) for 41 obesity prevention interventions, which had been evaluated in 18 cost‐utility analyses, using nine different DAMs. Interventions w... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5605451 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 11:27:57 +0100 5605451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594816&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00978.x SummaryVisceral fat is a risk factor for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A reduction in sex hormones is associated with increased abdominal fat. Thus, we investigated whether reduced testosterone (T) or oestradiol (E2) levels in men are associated with NAFLD and central obesity. The study involved a survey of 1,882 men between 20 and 60 years of age. We detected hepatic fat infiltration by ultrasound. Early morning serum was analyzed for total testosterone (TT), E2, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Free testosterone (FT) was calculated using the Vermeulen method. In the studied population, the prevalence of NAFLD, FSH, LH and SHBG increased with age, TT and FT declined with age, and E2 remained stable. ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594816 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 14:17:34 +0100 5594816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570352&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00856.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570352 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 18:21:52 +0100 5570352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570346&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00976.x SummaryThe family and home environment is a highly influential psychosocial antecedent of paediatric obesity. The purpose of this investigation was to systematically analyze family and home‐based randomized control trials aimed at treating overweight and obesity in children ages 2–7 years. In gathering materials for this review, a search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, MEDLINE, Education Resources Information Center, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection and CENTRAL databases was conducted for the time frame of January 2001 to August 2011. The data extraction spanned three phases resulting in a total of nine interventions that met the specified inclusion criteria. Among the identified studies, eight produced significant outcomes. The majority of the programme... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570346 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 18:21:03 +0100 5570346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570347&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00975.x SummaryThe rising prevalence of obesity is a global concern. Eating behaviour and circadian rhythm are proving to be important factors in the aetiology of obesity. The night‐eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by increased late‐night eating, insomnia, a depressed mood and distress. It is evident that prevalence is higher among weight‐related populations than the general community. The exact relationship between this syndrome and obesity remains unclear. The reasons for the discrepancies found in the literature likely include varying diagnostic criteria and a wide range of study population characteristics. NES does not always lead to weight gain in thus certain individuals may be susceptible to night‐eating‐related weight gain. Weight loss through surgical and behavioural treat... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570347 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5570347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550690&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00972.x SummaryBehavioural weight management interventions consistently produce 8–10% reductions in body weight, yet most participants regain weight after treatment ends. One strategy for extending the effects of behavioural interventions has been the provision of extended care. The current study is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature on the effect of extended care on maintenance of weight loss. Through database searches (using PubMED, PsychInfo and Cochrane Reviews) and manual searches through reference lists of related publications, 463 studies were identified. Of these, 11 were included in the meta‐analysis and an additional two were retained for qualitative analysis. The average effect of extended care on weight loss maintenance was g = 0.385 (95% confidence inter... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550690 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:21:52 +0100 5550690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550691&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00968.x SummaryThe primary purpose of this study is to analyse the costs related to childhood obesity (CO) with reference to different models of healthcare systems. A systematic review of the economic impact of CO on healthcare systems was conducted by searching the main electronic scientific databases. Cost‐of‐illness (COI) analyses of children aged under 18 years who had been diagnosed as overweight or obese published up to July 2010 were considered. Short‐ and long‐term consequences of CO were taken into account. In order to appraise the quality of the included studies, the British Medical Journal referees' checklist was used. About 3,844 COI analyses were initially found and 10 were finally considered in the current review: two studies referred to Beveridge and eight referred to Volu... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550691 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550693&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00967.x The objectives of this systematic review were to investigate the effectiveness of male‐only weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions and to identify intervention characteristics associated with effectiveness. In May 2011, a systematic literature search with no date restrictions was conducted across eight databases. Twenty‐four articles describing 23 studies met the eligibility criteria. All studies included a weight loss intervention and four studies included an additional weight loss maintenance intervention. Study quality was mostly poor for weight loss studies (median = 3/10, range = 1–9) and weight loss maintenance studies (median = 3.5/10, range = 1–6). Twenty‐three of 31 individual weight loss interventions (74%) from the eligible studies were c... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550693 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550692&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00970.x This study examined the relationship between normal weight, overweight and obesity class I and II+, and the risk of disability, which is defined as impairment in activities of daily living (ADL). Systematic searching of the literature identified eight cross‐sectional studies and four longitudinal studies that were comparable for meta‐analysis. An additional four cross‐sectional studies and one longitudinal study were included for qualitative review. Results from the meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies revealed a graded increase in the risk of ADL limitations from overweight (1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.08), class I obesity (1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.21) and class II+ obesity (1.76, 95% CI 1.28–2.41), relative to normal weight. Meta‐analyses of longitudinal st... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550692 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535174&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00971.x SummaryMaternal obesity in pregnancy has been linked with several adverse outcomes in offspring including schizophrenia. The rising prevalence of obesity may contribute to an increase in the number of schizophrenia cases in the near future; therefore, it warrants further exploration. We reviewed current evidence regarding maternal body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring.We searched PubMed and Embase databases and included studies that were based on large and representative population‐based datasets. A qualitative review was undertaken due to heterogeneity between studies.Four studies with 305 cases of schizophrenia and 24,442 controls were included. Maternal obesity (pre‐pregnant BMI over 29 or 30 compared with mothers with low or average BMI) wa... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535174 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 23:50:27 +0100 5535174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535175&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00969.x SummaryWeight loss is a recognized alarm symptom for organic gastrointestinal (GI) disease, yet the association between obesity and specific GI symptoms remains poorly described. A meta‐analysis was conducted to determine which GI symptoms predominate among obese individuals.A search of the literature using the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE PubMed and Current Contents (1950 – November 2011) was conducted. All studies assessing GI symptoms and increasing body mass index (BMI)/obesity were included. English and non‐English articles were searched. A random effect model of the studies was undertaken.Overall, significant associations between GI symptoms and increasing BMI were found for upper abdominal pain (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–5.72), gastroesophag... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535175 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5535175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513543&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00935.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513543 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 23:15:22 +0100 5513543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513542&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00966.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513542 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 23:15:10 +0100 5513542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513541&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00965.x SummaryThe purpose of this review was to evaluate factors in early childhood (≤5 years of age) that are the most significant predictors of the development of obesity in adulthood. Factors of interest included exposures/insults in the prenatal period, infancy and early childhood, as well as other socio‐demographic variables such as socioeconomic status (SES) or birth place that could impact all three time periods. An extensive electronic and systematic search initially resulted in 8,880 citations, after duplicates were removed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were set, and following two screening processes, 135 studies were retained for detailed abstraction and analysis. A total of 42 variables were associated with obesity in adulthood; however, of these, only seven variables ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513541 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 23:14:40 +0100 5513541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502508&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00964.x SummaryThis is the first study to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) in the adult population of Spain based on measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. The data are taken from the ENRICA study, a cross‐sectional study carried out between June 2008 and October 2010 in 12,883 individuals representative of the non‐institutionalized population on Spain aged 18 years and older. Anthropometry was performed under standardized conditions in the households by trained interviewers. Overweight was considered as body mass index (BMI) 25–29.9 kg m−2, and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2. AO was defined as waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. The prevalence of obesity was 22.9% (24.4% in men and 21.4% in women... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502508 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5502508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466604&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00957.x SummaryWeight variation has been reported as a side effect of chemotherapy treatment in early breast cancer patients and has been identified as a factor of poor prognosis. Causes of weight variation during chemotherapy and mechanisms involved in the poor prognosis have been little studied. Here is reviewed the current knowledge about the main causes and mechanisms involved in body weight change. Special emphasis is placed on factors associated with weight variation which could potentially be involved in the risk of relapse in breast cancer survivors. In recent decades, some studies have investigated the causes of weight variation by studying energy balance of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Weight gain or loss may be the consequence of energy imbalance through different factors... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466604 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5466603&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00956.x SummaryWith an increasing prevalence, pediatric obesity is often a prelude to adulthood obesity, and represents a major public health issue. Comorbidities are very common and severe in obese adults, justifying the search for earlier markers or risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in obese children. Endothelial dysfunction has been found to be present in the early stages of atherosclerosis, and can be non‐invasively assessed with widely accepted and well‐standardized techniques at the macrocirculation level. Endothelial dysfunction at the microcirculation level is less documented in obese children. Obesity in children has been repeatedly and independently correlated to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress markers, although the relationship between these factors... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5466603 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5466603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438661&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00955.x The objective of this article is to systematically review the changes in insulin resistance after various types of bariatric surgical procedures. A Pubmed and EMBASE search for studies measuring insulin resistance before and after bariatric surgery was done and all original research articles from 1980 to present (2011) were included. Only the currently widely performed bariatric procedures were included. A meta‐analysis of change in HOMA‐IR was conducted, grouping studies with similar duration of follow‐up. The percentage decrease in HOMA‐IR at <=2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and >16–18 months was found to be (mean ± standard error) −33.48 ± 5.78, −46.43 ± 6.99, −38.79 ± 9.64, −58.62 ± 7.38, −44.91 ± 7.98 and −67.0... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438661 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 23:06:29 +0100 5438661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438664&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00950.x SummaryChildhood obesity is a complex issue and needs multistakeholder involvement at all levels to foster healthier lifestyles in a sustainable way. ‘Ensemble Prévenons l'ObésitéDes Enfants’ (EPODE, Together Let's Prevent Childhood Obesity) is a large‐scale, coordinated, capacity‐building approach for communities to implement effective and sustainable strategies to prevent childhood obesity. This paper describes EPODE methodology and its objective of preventing childhood obesity.At a central level, a coordination team, using social marketing and organizational techniques, trains and coaches a local project manager nominated in each EPODE community by the local authorities. The local project manager is also provided with tools to mobilize local stakeholders through a local steer... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438664 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438663&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00952.x SummaryOur aim was to differentiate the screening potential of waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) for adult cardiometabolic risk in people of different nationalities and to compare both with body mass index (BMI). We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for assessing the discriminatory power of anthropometric indices in distinguishing adults with hypertension, type‐2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome and general cardiovascular outcomes (CVD). Thirty one papers met the inclusion criteria. Using data on all outcomes, averaged within study group, WHtR had significantly greater discriminatory power compared with BMI. Compared with BMI, WC improved discrimination of adverse o... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438663 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438662&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00953.x SummaryDuring the last decades, eating out of home (OH) has gained importance in the diets worldwide. We document the nutritional characteristics of eating OH and its associations with energy intake, dietary quality and socioeconomic status. We carried out a systematic review of peer‐reviewed studies in eight databases up to 10 March 2011. Of the 7,319 studies retrieved, 29 met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in this review. The quality of the data was assessed and a sensitivity analysis was conducted by isolating nationally representative or large cohort data from 6 and 11 countries, respectively. OH foods were important sources of energy in all age groups and their energy contribution increased in adolescents and young adults. Eating OH was associated with a higher total energ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438662 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398221&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00947.x SummarySchools are an attractive and popular setting for implementing interventions for children. There is a growing body of empirical research exploring the efficacy of school‐based obesity prevention programs. While there have been several reviews on the topic, findings remain mixed. To examine the quality of evidence and compare the findings from existing systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of school‐based programs in the prevention and control of childhood obesity. This paper systematically appraises the methodology and conclusions of literature reviews examining the effectiveness of school‐based obesity interventions published in English in peer‐reviewed journals between January 1990 and October 2010. Eight reviews were examined, three meta‐analyses and five systematic re... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398221 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398220&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00949.x SummaryCarbonated soft drinks and other beverages make up an increasing percentage of energy intake, and there are rising public health concerns about the links between consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and weight gain, obesity, and other cardiometabolic problems. In response, the food and beverage industry claims to be reformulating products, reducing package or portion sizes and introducing healthier options. Comparative analysis on various changes and their potential effects on public health are needed.We conduct a case study using the two largest and most influential producers of sweetened beverages, The Coca‐Cola Company and PepsiCo Inc., who together control 34% of the global soft drink market, examining their product portfolios globally and in three critical markets (the ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398220 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398219&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00948.x SummaryEnergy deficit in lean or obese animals or humans stimulates appetite, reduces energy expenditure and possibly also decreases physical activity, thereby contributing to weight regain. Often overlooked in weight loss trials for obesity, however, is the effect of energy restriction on neuroendocrine status. Negative energy balance in lean animals and humans consistently inhibits activity of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐thyroid, ‐gonadotropic and ‐somatotropic axes (or reduces circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels), while concomitantly activating the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, with emerging evidence of similar changes in overweight and obese people during lifestyle interventions for weight loss. These neuroendocrine changes, which animal studies show may... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398219 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398222&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00943.x This study aims to improve comparability of available data within the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region taking into account differences related to the aging of the population. Surveys were included if they were conducted on adults aged 25–64 years between 1985 and 2010 in the WHO European Region. Overweight/obesity prevalences were adjusted to the European standard population aged 25–64. Data were entered for each of the 5‐year categories between 1981 and 2010. Measured height and weight data were available for males in 16 and females in 24 of the 53 countries. The 50–64‐year‐olds had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity as compared to the 25–49‐year‐olds. This pattern occurs in every country, by male and female, in almost all surveys. Age‐standardi... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398222 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398218&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00945.x SummaryThe excess burden of obesity among African–American women is well documented. However, the behavioural weight loss intervention literature often does not report results by ethnic group or gender. The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic review of all behavioural weight loss intervention trials published between 1990 and 2010 that included and reported results separately for African–American women. The criteria for inclusion included (i) participants age ≥18 years; (ii) a behavioural weight loss intervention; (iii) weight as an outcome variable; (iv) inclusion of African–American women; and (v) weight loss results reported separately by ethnicity and gender. The literature search identified 25 studies that met inclusion criteria. Our findings suggest that more i... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398218 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5398218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5377955&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00944.x The objective of this study is to examine the trends in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–27.49 kg m−2), general obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg m−2) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) among Chinese adults from 1993 to 2009. Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which was conducted from 1993 to 2009 and included a total of 52,621 Chinese adults. During the period of 1993–2009, mean BMI values increased by 1.6 kg m−2 among men and 0.8 kg m−2 among women; mean WC values increased by 7.0 cm among men and 4.7 cm among women. The prevalence of overweight increased from 8.0 to 17.1% among men (P < 0.001) and from 10.7 to 14.4% among women (P < 0.... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5377955 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5377955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5377956&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00942.x SummaryThe renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is classically known for its role in regulation of blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance. Recently, several local RASs in organs such as brain, heart, pancreas and adipose tissue have also been identified. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that in addition to anti‐hypertensive effects, pharmacological inhibition of RAS also provides protection against the development of type‐2 diabetes. Moreover, animal models with targeted inactivation of RAS genes exhibit improved insulin sensitivity and are protected from high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance. Because there is evidence for RAS overactivation in obesity, it is possible that RAS is a link between obesity and insulin resistance. This review summarizes the evide... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5377956 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5377956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5332602&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00934.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5332602 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 02:00:53 +0100 5332602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302361&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00938.x SummaryA growing number of studies suggest a potential link between obesity and altered iron metabolism. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine existing literature on iron status in obese populations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Included studies recruited participants ≥ 18 years with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg m−2 and provided descriptive statistics for haemoglobin or ferritin at a minimum. There were 25 studies meeting all eligibility criteria, of these 10 examined iron status in free‐living obese individuals and 15 reported baseline iron biomarkers from bariatric surgery candidates. Non‐obese comparison groups were used by 10 (40%) articles. In these, seven obese groups reported higher mean haemoglobin concentration; six reported ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302361 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5302361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270868&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00937.x This study sought to identify regulatory interventions targeting the food environment, and barriers/facilitators to their implementation at the Australian state government level. In‐depth interviews were conducted with senior representatives from state/territory governments, statutory authorities and non‐government organizations (n = 45) to examine participants' (i) suggestions for regulatory interventions for healthier food environments and (ii) support for pre‐selected regulatory interventions derived from a literature review. Data were analysed using thematic and constant comparative analyses. Interventions commonly suggested by participants were regulating unhealthy food marketing; limiting the density of fast food outlets; pricing reforms to decrease fruit/vegetable prices a... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270868 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270869&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00936.x In conclusion, this review highlights the difficulty in measuring human behaviour, and suggests that a more systematic approach is needed for capturing the effects of eating behaviours on body weight. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270869 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5258147&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00933.x SummaryThe purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of physical activity in improving chronic disease risk factors in obese individuals. A systematic review was conducted to identify randomized physical activity intervention studies reporting changes in risk factors among obese individuals published prior to March 2010. Studies included in the review were randomized trials of at least 10 weeks in duration, with a sample mean body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 at baseline, and reporting a relevant risk factor (blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose/insulin or C‐reactive protein). Forty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Overall, physical activity had no more than a modest effect on chronic disease risk factors in obese individuals. There was great hetero... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5258147 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 17:20:28 +0100 5258147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5258149&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00931.x SummaryIt is increasingly recognized that the location of excess adiposity, particularly increased deposition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is important when determining the adverse health effects of overweight and obesity. Exercise therapy is an integral component of obesity management, but the most potent exercise prescription for VAT benefit is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of aerobic exercise (AEx) and progressive resistance training (PRT) and to directly compare the efficacy of AEx and PRT for beneficial VAT modulation. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of exercise interventions on VAT content/volume in overweight and obese adults. Relevant databases were searched to November 2010. Included studies ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5258149 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5258149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5258148&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00932.x SummaryMigrants from Turkey and Morocco are among the largest ethnic minority groups in several European countries. In this review, we aimed to systematically search, assess and describe the available literature on cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity and other endogenous cardiovascular risk factors among these groups. Although the number of publications covering this topic among Turkish and Moroccan migrants has increased in the past decades, studies among these groups, especially the Moroccan, are still limited. There is a particular lack of information on CVD mortality and morbidity rates. Furthermore, studies are often hampered by low participation rates, small sample sizes and self‐reported data. This further complicates drawing sound conclusions on CVD and risk factors among these... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5258148 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5258148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247562&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00859.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247562 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 23:35:37 +0100 5247562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247561&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00929.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247561 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 23:35:36 +0100 5247561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247560&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00909.x SummaryThe concept of managing obesity through the stimulation of thermogenesis is currently a focus of considerable attention by the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and functional food industries. This paper first reviews the landmark discoveries that have fuelled the search for thermogenic anti‐obesity products that range from single‐target drugs to multi‐target functional foods. It subsequently analyses the thermogenic and fat‐oxidizing potentials of a wide array of bioactive food ingredients which are categorized under methylxanthines, polyphenols, capsaicinoids/capsinoids, minerals, proteins/amino acids, carbohydrates/sugars and fats/fatty acids. The main outcome of this analysis is that the compounds or combination of compounds with thermogenic and fat‐oxidizing potentials ar... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247560 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 23:35:34 +0100 5247560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247559&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00898.x SummaryIn modern societies, oversupply of calories leads to obesity and chronic metabolic stress, which may lead to development of disease. Oversupply of calories is often associated with elevated plasma lipid concentrations and accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle leading to decreased insulin sensitivity. Consequently, enhanced fat oxidation might be beneficial in counteracting lipid accumulation. Exercise is the most effective way to increase fat oxidation, because it increases metabolic rate. Lipid metabolism can also be altered by dietary manipulations. Thus, a fat rich diet leads to increased potential for fat oxidation by increasing the content of several of the proteins in the fat oxidative pathway. The regulation of both exercise and diet induced lipid oxidation will be discus... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247559 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 23:35:31 +0100 5247559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247558&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00908.x SummaryThe term ‘fat burner’ is used to describe nutrition supplements that are claimed to acutely increase fat metabolism or energy expenditure, impair fat absorption, increase weight loss, increase fat oxidation during exercise, or somehow cause long‐term adaptations that promote fat metabolism. Often, these supplements contain a number of ingredients, each with its own proposed mechanism of action and it is often claimed that the combination of these substances will have additive effects. The list of supplements that are claimed to increase or improve fat metabolism is long; the most popular supplements include caffeine, carnitine, green tea, conjugated linoleic acid, forskolin, chromium, kelp and fucoxanthin. In this review the evidence for some of these supplements is briefly su... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247558 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 23:35:29 +0100 5247558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5220373&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00930.x SummaryObesity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome (MS) identifies substantial additional cardiovascular risk beyond the individual risk factors, and is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events even regardless of body mass index, thus suggesting a common downstream pathway conferring increased cardiovascular risk. Platelet hyper‐reactivity/activation plays a central role to accelerate atherothrombosis and is the result of the interaction among the features clustering in obesity and MS: insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, the same pathogenic events largely account for the less‐than‐expected response to antiplatelet agents, namely low‐dose aspirin. The proposed explanations for this pheno... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5220373 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5220373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205415&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00927.x SummaryNeuroimaging is becoming increasingly common in obesity research as investigators try to understand the neurological underpinnings of appetite and body weight in humans. Positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies examining responses to food intake and food cues, dopamine function and brain volume in lean vs. obese individuals are now beginning to coalesce in identifying irregularities in a range of regions implicated in reward (e.g. striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, insula), emotion and memory (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus), homeostatic regulation of intake (e.g. hypothalamus), sensory and motor processing (e.g. insula, precentral gyrus), and cognitive control and attention (e.g. prefrontal cortex, cingul... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205415 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180954&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00928.x SummaryBariatric surgery is becoming an accepted option for obese people with type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to assess the impact of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) through a systematic review of the literature. Data was sourced from Scopus, MEDLINE and EMBASE published from 2000 through May 2011, and five unpublished studies that were performed by industry for regulatory approval were also included. Studies were selected on the basis that they provide some detail of diabetes status before and after LAGB. There were 35 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity in study design, sample size, length of follow‐up, attrition rates and classification of diabetes status. Weight loss was progressive over the first 2 years with a weighted average of... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180954 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158022&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00855.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158022 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 12:40:04 +0100 5158022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158021&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00920.x SummaryRecent research suggests that increased adiposity is associated with poor cognitive performance, independently of associated medical conditions. The evidence regarding this relationship is examined in this review article. A relatively consistent finding across the lifespan is that obesity is associated with cognitive deficits, especially in executive function, in children, adolescents and adults. However, as illustrated by contradictory studies, the relationship between obesity and cognition is uncertain in the elderly, partly because of inaccuracy of body mass index as a measure of adiposity as body composition changes with aging. This review further discusses whether obesity is a cause or a consequence of these cognitive deficits, acknowledging the possible bidirectional relations... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158021 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 12:40:02 +0100 5158021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158017&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00926.x The objective of the present study was to systematically review the literature regarding the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in obese adult patients in improving large weight‐bearing joint (hip and knee) osteoarthritis. Published English‐language manuscripts were considered for review inclusion. A comprehensive search of electronic databases using broad search terms was completed. From a total of 400 articles, eight articles were identified. A total of six studies were included for qualitative analysis. A general trend was identified indicating improved hip and knee osteoarthritis following marked weight loss secondary to bariatric surgery. This systematic review demonstrates that bariatric surgery may benefit obese patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. However, this review iden... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158017 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 12:39:45 +0100 5158017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158019&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00913.x SummaryThe extent to which community pharmacies can increase capacity for weight management is unknown. Thus, the objective of the present paper was to evaluate the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of community pharmacy weight management interventions. This paper used a design of systematic review and narrative synthesis. Electronic databases (1999–2009) were searched, including Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Pharm‐line. Weight management studies in community pharmacies were eligible for the inclusion criteria. All languages and study designs were considered. Outcome measures included body weight or anthropometry (at baseline and at least one follow‐up time point). Data were extracted through independent, duplicate data extraction and quality assessment. As a result, 10 studies we... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158019 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158018&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00925.x SummaryThis systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the financial return of worksite health promotion programmes aimed at improving nutrition and/or increasing physical activity. Data on study characteristics and results were extracted from 18 studies published up to 14 January 2011. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Three metrics were (re‐)calculated per study: the net benefits, benefit cost ratio (BCR) and return on investment (ROI). Metrics were averaged, and a post hoc subgroup analysis was performed to compare financial return estimates between study designs. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 13 non‐randomized studies (NRSs) and one modelling study were included. Average financial return estimates in terms of absenteeis... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158018 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158020&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00917.x SummaryObesity is increasing worldwide and reaches to a large proportion of the population in developed countries. Thus, obesity‐associated cancer has become a major health problem. Multiple cancer risk factors in obesity have been identified including insulin/insulin‐like growth factor axis, adipokines and cytokines; and multiple intracellular signal pathways have been studied. However, the role of each signal pathway in obesity‐associated cancer is controversial. In this review, the recent studies on signal pathways in obesity‐associated cancer are summarized and a unified explanation is provided. Multiple risk factors could initially activate phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K/Akt), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158020 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5118244&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00914.x SummaryObesity‐related hypertension is increasingly recognized as a distinct hypertensive phenotype requiring a modified approach to diagnosis and management. In this review rapidly evolving insights into the complex and interdependent mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension are discussed. Overweight and obesity are associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by enlarged hypertrophied adipocytes, increased infiltration by macrophages and marked changes in secretion of adipokines and free fatty acids. This results in chronic vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and sympathetic overdrive, eventually leading to hypertension. These mechanisms may provide novel targets for anti‐hypertensive drug treatment. Recog... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5118244 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5118244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095315&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00897.x SummaryGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a hormone secreted from the intestinal K‐cells with established insulin‐releasing actions. However, the GIP receptor is widely distributed in peripheral organs, including the adipose tissue, gut, bone and brain, where GIP modulates energy intake, cell metabolism and proliferation, and lipid and glucose metabolism, eventually promoting lipid and glucose storage. In diabetes and obesity, the incretin effect of GIP is blunted, while the extrapancreatic tissues keep a normal sensitivity to this hormone. As GIP levels are normal or elevated in obesity and diabetes, mounting evidence from chemical or genetic GIP deletion in animal models of obesity‐related diabetes suggests that GIP may have a pro‐obesogenic action and that a... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095315 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095316&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00916.x SummaryObesity has been identified as a risk factor for osteoarthritis. For the weight‐bearing joints, the combination of increased load and changed joint biomechanics could be regarded as underlying principle for this relation. This systematic review of the literature focused on the differences between obese and normal‐weight subjects in biomechanics of the hip, knee and ankle joint during every day movements to summarize differences in joint load due to both higher body weight and differences in movement patterns. A systematic search, up to November 2010, was performed in the Pubmed and Embase databases. This review showed that obese individuals adjust their movement strategy of every day movements. At self‐selected speed, obese individuals walked slower, with shorter and wider ste... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095316 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5138358&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00919.x The objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent overweight and obesity in pre‐adolescent girls. The papers included were those studying children (must include results for girls) from within the 7–11 years age range from any country and ethnic background. The included interventions lasted at least 12 weeks and modified a combination of nutrition, physical activity, knowledge, attitudes or health‐related behaviours associated with the development of childhood overweight and obesity. Effect sizes were calculated where possible using Cohen's classifications of small (0.2–0.5), medium (0.5–0.8) and large (>0.8) effect sizes. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria of which four were cluster randomized controlled trials, 14 were... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5138358 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5138358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5118243&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00918.x SummaryDrawing on submissions to the 2006–2007 New Zealand Inquiry into Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, this article outlines how the food and marketing industries (industry) and the public health sector framed the issue of obesity. The analysis revealed that industry framed obesity as a consequence of poor lifestyle choices attributed largely to knowledge, cultural or other character deficits. Industry argued that lack of physical activity rather than increased food consumption was the dominant cause of obesity. In contrast, public health groups positioned obesity as a normal response to an obesogenic environment, characterized by the ubiquitous marketing and availability of low‐cost, energy‐dense/nutrient‐poor foods. For public health groups, increased consumption of energy‐dense/... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5118243 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5118243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095314&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00915.x Conclusions were limited by the large number of variables explored, the small number of studies exploring each variable, the large variety of study settings and methodologies used, the inconsistent reporting of results, and the conflicting findings across studies. A consistent set of predictors has not yet been identified. The majority of studies relied on pre‐treatment routinely collected data rather than variables selected because of their theoretical and/or empirical relationship with attrition. However, psychological and behavioural patient factors and processes associated with the treatment were more commonly associated with attrition than patient background characteristics. Future research should consider theoretically grounded social–psychological and behavioural processes as po... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095314 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049608&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00836.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049608 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 04:26:18 +0100 5049608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049606&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00906.x SummaryClinicians are routinely challenged in their management of cancer patients because of the complexities of obesity and diabetes that are often found as comorbid conditions. Although attention has been given to optimizing treatment planning for these patients, less attention has been given to manage their obesity and diabetes. This suggests that newer, comprehensive approaches must be developed for the treatment of cancer patients as a ‘whole’ rather than as a single disease. While the specific pathologies of each are unique, years of research have indicated intimate molecular links between these chronic diseases. The contribution of sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits is recognized; however, the precise molecular links are still not well‐explored. In addition, emerging... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049606 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 04:26:01 +0100 5049606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5049607&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00903.x SummaryHigh adiposity in middle age is associated with higher dementia risk. The association between weight loss and cognitive function in older adults is still controversial. A meta‐analysis was undertaken to estimate the effectiveness of intentional weight loss on cognitive function in overweight and obese adults. A structured strategy was used to search randomized and non‐randomized studies reporting the effect of intentional and significant weight loss on cognitive function in overweight and obese subjects. Information on study design, age, nutritional status, weight‐loss strategy, weight lost and cognitive testing was extracted. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted to obtain summary effect estimates for memory and attention–executive domains. Twelve studies met incl... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5049607 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5049607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5018848&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00900.x SummaryElevated plasma triglyceride levels, as often seen in obese subjects, are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. By secreting adipokines (such as adiponectin and leptin) and other proteins (such as lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester transferase protein), adipose tissue affects triglyceride metabolism. In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy leads to many changes in adipocyte function and production of anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, free fatty acids are released into the circulation contributing to insulin resistance. Adipose tissue dysfunction will eventually lead to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, such as hypertriglyceridemia (due to increased hepatic very‐low‐density lipoprotein production and decreased triglyceri... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5018848 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5018848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007626&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00901.x SummaryThe gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the improved appetite control and weight loss in response to bariatric surgery. Other strategies which similarly alter gastrointestinal responses to food intake could contribute to successful weight management. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of surgical, pharmacological and behavioural weight loss interventions on gastrointestinal targets of appetite control, including gastric emptying. Gastrointestinal peptides are also discussed because of their integrative relationship in appetite control. This review shows that different strategies exert diverse effects and there is no consensus on the optimal strategy for manipulating gastric emptying to improve appetite control. Emerging evidence from surgical procedures (... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007626 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5018847&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00907.x SummarySeveral candidate gene studies on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been conducted. However, for most single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) no systematic review on their association with MetS exists. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted until the 2nd of June 2010, using HuGE Navigator. English language articles were selected. Only genes of which at least one SNP–MetS association was studied in an accumulative total population ≥4000 subjects were included. Meta‐analyses were conducted on SNPs with three or more studies available in a generally healthy population. In total 88 studies on 25 genes were reviewed. Additionally, for nine SNPs in seven genes (GNB3, PPARG, TCF7L2, APOA5, APOC3, APOE, CETP) a meta‐analysis was conducted. The minor allele of rs9939... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5018847 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5018847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007625&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00902.x SummaryBariatric surgery is the most effective method for promoting dramatic and durable weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes is resolved in over 80% of patients. The mechanisms behind the amelioration in metabolic abnormalities are largely unknown but may be due to changes in energy metabolism, gut peptides and food preference. The goal of this meeting was to review the latest research to better understand the mechanisms behind the ‘magic’ of bariatric surgery. Replication of these effects in a non‐surgical manner remains one of the ultimate challenges for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Promising data on energy metabolism, gastrointestinal physiology, hedonic response and food intake were reviewed and discussed. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007625 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4997346&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00899.x In this study we examine changes in waist circumference and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) in Australian children between 1985 and 2007, by undertaking secondary data analysis of three national data sets. The mean waist circumference z‐score for boys increased from −0.02 (95% CI −0.05 to 0.01) in 1985, to 0.33 (0.26 to 0.40) in 1995 and 0.41 (0.35 to 0.47) in 2007 and was greater (P < 0.001) than the increase in BMI z‐score. The increase in mean waist circumference z‐score for girls was greater (P < 0.001) than boys and increased from −0.02 (0.05 to 0.01) in 1985, to 0.33 (0.26 to 0.41) in 1995 and to 0.57 (0.51 to 0.63) in 2007. The number of children with a WHtR ≥0.5 increased from 8.6% in 1985, to 13.6% in 1995 and 18.3% in 2007. Between 1985 and 2007 centr... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4997346 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4997346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4959778&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00894.x SummaryCells, tissues and organisms have the ability to rapidly switch substrate oxidation from carbohydrate to fat in response to changes in nutrient intake, and to changes in energy demands, environmental cues and internal signals. In healthy, metabolically normal individuals, substrate switching occurs rapidly and completely; in other words, substrate switching is ‘flexible’. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that a blunted substrate switching from low‐ to high‐fat oxidation exists in obese individuals, as well as in pre‐obese and post‐obese, and that this ‘metabolic inflexibility’ may be a genetically determined trait. A decreased fat oxidation can lead to a positive energy balance under conditions of high‐fat feeding, due to depletion of glycogen stores that st... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4959778 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 10:15:22 +0100 4959778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4959779&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00892.x SummaryMotivational interviewing, a directive, patient‐centred counselling approach focused on exploring and resolving ambivalence, has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach within the addictions field. However, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in weight‐loss interventions is unclear. Electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating behaviour change interventions using motivational interviewing in overweight or obese adults. Standardized mean difference (SMD) for change in body mass, reported as either body mass index (BMI; kg m−2) or body weight (kg), was the primary outcome, with weighted mean difference (WMD) for change in body weight and BMI as secondary outcomes. The search strategy yielded 3540 citations and of... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4959779 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4959779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933466&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00891.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933466 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 01:28:55 +0100 4933466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933465&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00835.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933465 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 01:28:51 +0100 4933465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933462&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00896.x SummaryThe aim of this review was to evaluate the reliability and validity of methods used to assess the multiple components of sedentary behaviour (i.e. screen time, sitting, not moving and existing at low energy expenditure) in children and adolescents. Twenty‐six studies met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Thirteen studies reported the reliability of self‐ and proxy‐report measures of sedentary behaviour and seven of these were found to have acceptable test–retest reliability. Evidence for the criterion validity of self‐ and proxy‐report measures was examined in three studies with mixed results. Seven studies examined the reliability and/or validity of direct observation and the findings were generally positive. Five studies demonstrated the utility of acceleromete... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933462 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 01:28:38 +0100 4933462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933464&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00893.x SummaryAs obesity rates increase worldwide, healthcare providers require methods to instill the lifestyle behaviours necessary for sustainable weight loss. Designing effective weight‐loss interventions requires an understanding of how these behaviours are elicited, how they relate to each other and whether they are supported by common neurocognitive mechanisms. This may provide valuable insights to optimize existing interventions and develop novel approaches to weight control. Researchers have begun to investigate the neurocognitive underpinnings of eating behaviour and the impact of physical activity on cognition and the brain. This review attempts to bring these somewhat disparate, yet interrelated lines of literature together in order to examine a hypothesis that eating behaviour and ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933464 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933463&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00895.x SummaryDietary fibres are believed to reduce subjective appetite, energy intake and body weight. However, different types of dietary fibre may affect these outcomes differently. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate the available literature on the relationship between dietary fibre types, appetite, acute and long‐term energy intake, and body weight. Fibres were grouped according to chemical structure and physicochemical properties (viscosity, solubility and fermentability). Effect rates were calculated as the proportion of all fibre–control comparisons that reduced appetite (n = 58 comparisons), acute energy intake (n = 26), long‐term energy intake (n = 38) or body weight (n = 66). For appetite, acute energy intake, long‐term energy intake and bod... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933463 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4933463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4852621&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00834.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4852621 Mon, 23 May 2011 18:24:21 +0100 4852621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4794590&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00886.x SummaryObesity is a health issue for people in Asia, and many studies support that childbearing may contribute to women's obesity. However, most studies of post‐partum weight retention (PWR) focus on Western countries. This paper aimed to review recent data on PWR and discuss the related factors of PWR for women in Asia. Three electronic databases – MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO – were searched for data from January 1990 to August 2010. Twelve studies were identified as containing information related to PWR. Chinese, Taiwanese and Korean women tend to have higher gestational weight gain and PWR than women in other Asian countries in this review. The average reported gestational weight gain in these studies ranged from 8.3 kg to 18.0 kg, and the average weight retention at 6 months... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4794590 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4794590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4788801&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00880.x SummaryEfforts to counter the rise in overweight and obesity, such as taxes on certain foods and beverages, limits to commercial advertising, a ban on chocolate drink at schools or compulsory physical exercise for obese employees, sometimes raise questions about what is considered ethically acceptable. There are obvious ethical incentives to these initiatives, such as improving individual and public health, enabling informed choice and diminishing societal costs. Whereas we consider these positive arguments to put considerable effort in the prevention of overweight indisputable, we focus on potential ethical objections against such an effort. Our intention is to structure the ethical issues that may occur in programmes to prevent overweight and/or obesity in order to encourage further deba... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4788801 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4788801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758484&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00883.x SummaryWeight management is a dynamic process, with a pre‐treatment phase, a treatment (including process) phase and post‐treatment maintenance, and where relapse is possible during both the treatment and maintenance.Variability in the statistical power of the studies concerned, heterogeneity in the definitions, the complexity of obesity and treatment success, the constructs and measures used to predict weight loss and maintenance, and an appreciation of who and how many people achieve it, make prediction difficult.In models of weight loss or maintenance: (i) predictors explain up to 20–30% of the variance; (ii) many predictors are the sum of several small constituent variables, each accounting for a smaller proportion of the variance; (iii) correlational or predictive relationships ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758484 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 07:05:48 +0100 4758484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758491&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00879.x In conclusion, measures of abdominal adiposity, but not BMI, were related to an increased risk of CVD mortality. No difference was observed in discrimination capacities between adiposity markers. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758491 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758489&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00881.x SummaryA comprehensive literature search was undertaken to examine the relationship between dairy consumption and overweight/obesity in prospective cohort studies. A literature search from 1980 through to April 2010 was conducted. Nineteen cohort studies met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of the 19 cohort studies, 10 were among children and adolescents (aged 2 to 14 years, n = 53 to 12 829, follow‐up 8 months to 10 years) and nine among adults (aged 18 to 75 years, n = 248 to 42 696, follow‐up 2 years to 12 years). A range of dairy food exposure measures were used. Eight studies (three out of 10 studies involving children and five out of nine studies involving adults) showed a protective association against increasing weight gain (mea... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758489 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758487&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00884.x SummaryExcessive pregnancy weight gain is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Intervention developers have assumed that adopting a healthier diet and increasing physical activity in pregnancy can limit weight gain, but evaluations of such interventions have yielded mixed results. Recent reviews of this literature have not identified defining characteristics of effective interventions. We systematically reviewed 10 published controlled trials of interventions that aimed to reduce gestational weight gain through changes in diet or physical activity. Characteristics of the sample, intervention content and delivery, and methodology were categorized. Meta‐analysis showed that, overall, diet and physical activity change was effective in reducing gestational weight gain,... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758487 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758486&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00878.x SummaryCoupled with the growth of the older population, an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this age group has occurred in the last decades. The main aims of the present study were (i) to provide an updated prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample of the Spanish elderly population; (ii) to calculate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and (iii) to analyse the relationships between adiposity measurements and lifestyle. A cross‐sectional study was carried out in a sample of 3136 persons representative of the non‐institutionalized population ≥65 years of age. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized techniques and equipment. Overall, 84% of the population can be categorized as overweight and/or obese. The present st... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758486 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4758485&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00882.x SummaryThe study aims to describe clinical recommendations (i) on the role of parents in both pre‐adolescent and adolescent overweight and obesity treatment; (ii) to health professionals on how to involve parents in paediatric overweight and obesity treatment and (iii) to identify deficiencies in the associated literature. A systematic literature review was conducted in March 2010 to identify clinical practice guidelines, position or consensus statements on clinical management of paediatric overweight or obesity, developed by a national or international health professional association or government agency, and endorsed for current use. Relevant clinical recommendations in these documents were identified via a screen for the words ‘parent’, ‘family’ and synonyms. Twenty documents ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4758485 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4758485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733461&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00848.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733461 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 15:59:06 +0100 4733461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4733460&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00885.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4733460 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 15:59:06 +0100 4733460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723437&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00857.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723437 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 17:17:05 +0100 4723437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4676427&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00864.x SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the association between obesity and the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death among patients hospitalized for influenza A (H1N1) viral infection. A systematic review of the Medline and Cochrane databases using ‘obesity’, ‘hospitalization’, ‘influenza A viral infection’, various synonyms, and reference lists of retrieved articles from January 2009 to January 2010. Studies comparing the prevalence of obesity among patients with confirmed infection for influenza A virus and who were either hospitalized or admitted to ICU/died were included. A total of 3059 subjects from six cross‐sectional studies, who were hospitalized for influenza A (H1N1) viral infection, were included in this meta‐analysis. Severely obese H1N1 pat... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4676427 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4676427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4676426&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00871.x This study reviewed the literature on the relations between exposure to chemicals with endocrine‐disrupting abilities and obesity in humans. The studies generally indicated that exposure to some of the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals was associated with an increase in body size in humans. The results depended on the type of chemical, exposure level, timing of exposure and gender. Nearly all the studies investigating dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) found that exposure was associated with an increase in body size, whereas the results of the studies investigating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were depending on dose, timing and gender. Hexachlorobenzene, polybrominated biphenyls, beta‐hexachlorocyclohexane, oxychlordane and phthalates were likewise generally associated wi... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4676426 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4676426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4676425&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00874.x SummaryAs the benefits that regular physical activity (PA) have on obesity are well known, many interventions promote active lifestyle adoption among obese populations. This meta‐analysis aims to determine (i) the global effect that interventions promoting PA among obese populations have on their PA behaviour; (ii) variations in the effect of interventions depending on the PA indicator used; (iii) the programme's dose characteristics and (iv) maintenance of the intervention effects after the intervention has ended. A comprehensive search through databases and review articles was completed. Forty‐six studies met the inclusion criteria. Calculations of effect size (Cohen's d) and a moderator analysis were conducted. The meta‐analysis showed that interventions globally have an impact on... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4676425 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4676425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4676424&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00870.x The objective of this paper was an evaluation of change in prevalence of overweight and obesity in Czech children, and a comparison of cut‐off points for body mass index references from the Czech Republic (CzR), International Obesity Task Force and WHO. The authors conducted a survey in 7‐year‐old children, and compared data from 1951, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2008 (WHO cut‐offs). 2008 data were evaluated according to different cut‐offs. Results showed that since 1951 in boys, overweight prevalence increased from 13.0% in 1951 to 26.8% in 2001, in girls from 10.9% to 22.9%. Obesity increased in boys from 1.7% to 8.3%, in girls from 1.7% to 6.9%. From 2001 to 2008 obesity in boys increased; obesity in girls and overweight in both genders decreased. In 2008 cohort the following values ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4676424 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4676424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4658163&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00861.x SummarySeveral short‐term studies have investigated the effects of a vegetable oil emulsion on subsequent food intake, although findings have been inconsistent. This work aimed to review all studies, and investigate differences in study outcomes based on methodology. All known studies were identified. Data were abstracted from published studies (n = 7). Details of unpublished studies were gained from investigators/sponsors (n = 5), or were unavailable for reasons of confidentiality (n = 4). Available data were combined using meta‐analyses. A combined appetite suppressant effect of the emulsion compared with control was found for test meal intake at approximately 4, 12 and 36 h post‐treatment: smallest combined mean difference (random effects model) = 0.53 MJ (95% ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4658163 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 06:26:01 +0100 4658163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4642253&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00867.x This report describes the association between birth weight (BW) and obesity. Screening of 478 citations from five electronic databases resulted in the inclusion of 33 studies, most of medium quality. The meta‐analysis included 20 of these published studies. The 13 remaining articles did not provide sufficient dichotomous data and were systematically reviewed, revealing results consistent with the meta‐analysis. Our results revealed that high BW (>4000 g) was associated with increased risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–2.24) compared with subjects with BW ≤ 4000 g. Low BW (<2500 g) was associated with decreased risk of obesity (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46–0.80) compared with subjects with BW ≥ 2500 g. However, when two stu... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4642253 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 20:13:34 +0100 4642253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4642256&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00846.x In conclusion, topiramate might be a useful adjunctive therapeutic tool in the treatment of obesity as long as proper warnings about side effects are considered. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4642256 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4642256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4642255&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00865.x SummaryThe aim of this systematic review was to describe the prospective relationship between childhood sedentary behaviour and health indicators. We identified prospective studies from searches in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo and Cochrane, from January 1989 through April 2010. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility, rated the methodological quality of the studies, and extracted data.We identified 31 papers, examining 27 different cohorts. The quality score of the studies ranged from 38 to 88%. Nine studies were scored as high quality. According to the best evidence synthesis we found insufficient evidence for a longitudinal positive relationship between ‘sedentary time’– mainly TV viewing – and body mass index (BMI) and more specific indicators o... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4642255 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4642255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4642254&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00866.x SummaryThe clinical efficacy and safety of bariatric surgery trials were systematically reviewed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL were searched to February 2009. A basic PubCrawler alert was run until March 2010. Trial registries, HTA websites and systematic reviews were searched. Manufacturers were contacted. Randomized trials comparing bariatric surgeries and/or standard care were selected. Evidence‐based items potentially indicating risk of bias were assessed. Network meta‐analysis was performed using Bayesian techniques. Of 1838 citations, 31 RCTs involving 2619 patients (mean age 30–48 y; mean BMI levels 42–58 kg/m2) met eligibility criteria. As compared with standard care, differences in BMI levels from baseline at year 1 (15 trials; 1103 participants) were as follows: jejunoile... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4642254 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4642254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4626647&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00869.x SummaryExcess weight in early life is believed to increase susceptibility to obesity, and in support of such theory, excess weight and fast weight gain in early childhood have been related to overweight later in life. The aim of this study was to review the literature on body size and growth in 0‐ to 4‐year‐old children and the association with body size at age 5–13 years. In total, 43 observational studies on body size and/or growth were included, of which 24 studies had been published in 2005 or later. Twenty‐one studies considered body size at baseline, and 31 studies considered growth which all included assessment of weight gain. Eight (38%) studies on body size, and 15 (48%) on weight gain were evaluated as high‐quality studies. Our results support conclusions in previous ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4626647 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4626647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4626646&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00872.x SummaryThe law is recognized as a powerful tool to address some of the structural determinants of chronic disease, including ‘obesogenic’ environments which are a major factor in the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. However, it is often local – as opposed to national – government that has responsibility for an environment, including the built environment, and their role in reducing obesity using law remains relatively unexplored. With the English government shifting emphasis for improvement of public health from central to local government, this paper reviews the potential for regulatory action by local government to reduce obesity. We took a novel approach to assess the evidence and to identify legal options for implementation by local government: conducting reviews of ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4626646 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4626646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4614927&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00854.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4614927 Mon, 21 Mar 2011 18:42:50 +0100 4614927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4614926&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00868.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4614926 Mon, 21 Mar 2011 18:42:50 +0100 4614926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4614925&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00842.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4614925 Mon, 21 Mar 2011 18:42:49 +0100 4614925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4605620&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00840.x SummaryLeptin is a pleiotropic cytokine‐like hormone that is involved in the regulation of energy intake and expenditure, neuroendocrine function, immunity and lipid and glucose metabolism. The few humans with genetically based leptin deficiency provide a unique model to assess those effects. We have identified five Turkish patients (one male and two female adults; one boy and one girl) with congenital leptin deficiency due to a missense mutation in the leptin gene. Four of these patients were treated with physiological doses of recombinant methionyl human leptin. Body composition, brain structure and function, behaviour, immunity and endocrine and metabolic parameters were evaluated before and during treatment. Our results showed that leptin has peripheral, hypothalamic and extra‐hypo... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4605620 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4605620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4605619&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00850.x SummaryMaternal obesity in pregnancy is associated with a number of adverse outcomes for mother and her offspring both perinatally and later in life. This includes recent evidence that suggests that obesity in pregnancy may be associated with central nervous system problems in the foetus and newborn. Here, we systematically review studies that have explored associations between maternal overweight and obesity in pregnancy and cognitive, behavioural and emotional problems in offspring. The 12 studies eligible for this review examined a wide range of outcomes across the lifespan and eight provided evidence of a link. These data suggest that the offspring of obese pregnancies may be at increased risk of cognitive problems and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood, ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4605619 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4605619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4605618&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00843.x We examined 25 studies, of which 10 tested ‘obesity‐to‐depression’ pathways, and 15 tested ‘depression‐to‐obesity’ pathways. Descriptive statistics summarized the frequency with which various measurements, designs and data analytic strategies were used. We tallied the number of studies that reported any vs. no statistically significant associations, and report on effect sizes, identified moderating variables within reports, and sought common findings across studies. Results indicated considerable methodological heterogeneity in the literature. Depression was assessed by clinical interview in 44% of studies, weight and height were directly measured in 32%, and only 12% used both. In total, 80% of the studies reported significant obesity‐to‐depression associations, with o... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4605618 Thu, 17 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4605618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4605621&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00873.x SummaryDietary restriction is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese individuals. The most common form of dietary restriction implemented is daily calorie restriction (CR), which involves reducing energy by 15–60% of usual caloric intake every day. Another form of dietary restriction employed is intermittent CR, which involves 24 h of ad libitum food consumption alternated with 24 h of complete or partial food restriction. Although both diets are effective for weight loss, it remains unknown whether one of these interventions produces superior changes in body weight and body composition when compared to the other. Accordingly, this review examines the effects of daily CR versus intermittent CR on weight loss, fat mass loss and lean mass retention in overweight and obese adult... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4605621 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4605621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591697&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00823.x We examined the associations between exposure to interpersonal violence in childhood and risk for obesity and central adiposity. Interpersonal violence is defined as behaviour that threatens, attempts or causes physical harm. In addition, we evaluated the evidence for three mechanisms that may connect interpersonal violence to obesity: negative affect, disordered eating and physical inactivity. Based on a literature search of Medline and PsycInfo databases, 36 separate studies were evaluated and ranked based on quality. Approximately 81% of the studies reported a significant positive association between some type of childhood interpersonal violence and obesity, although 83% of the studies were cross‐sectional. Associations were consistent for caregiver physical and sexual abuse and peer ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591697 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591696&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00858.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591696 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591695&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00860.x In conclusion, with the GLP‐1 analogues combining a moderate weight loss with beneficial effects on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, it seems that we are on the right track for future treatment of obesity. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591695 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559899&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00844.x SummaryOverweight and obesity among Aboriginal populations has been a growing challenge within Canada. This investigation aimed to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity within British Columbian adult Aboriginal populations including both on and off reserve individuals through direct measurement. Further, this study stratified the variations in these rates according to age, gender and geographic region. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured via standardized procedures, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The mean body composition indicators were above recommended for men (BMI = 30.3 ± 5.6 kg m−2; WC = 104.2 ± 14.7 cm) and women (BMI = 30.9 ±  7.2 kg m−2; WC = 99.3 ± 17.1 cm), respectively. Rates of obe... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559899 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559898&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00845.x SummaryDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease requiring lifelong medical attention. With hundreds of millions suffering worldwide, and a rapidly rising incidence, diabetes mellitus poses a great burden on healthcare systems. Recent studies investigating the underlying mechanisms involved in disease development in diabetes point to the role of the dys‐regulation of the intestinal barrier. Via alterations in the intestinal permeability, intestinal barrier function becomes compromised whereby access of infectious agents and dietary antigens to mucosal immune elements is facilitated, which may eventually lead to immune reactions with damage to pancreatic beta cells and can lead to increased cytokine production with consequent insulin resistance. Understanding the factors regulating the intes... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559898 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559897&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00820.x SummaryIn the USA, several nutrition‐related issues confront the normal growth, maturation and development of children and adolescents including obesity and food insecurity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the concept of food insecurity and a summary of studies that have examined the association between food insecurity and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. Besides the initial case report, we review 21 studies (16 cross‐sectional and five prospective studies) that have been published on this topic as of December 2009. As there is limited literature in this area, we review studies that sample children and adolescents in the USA. The results are mixed with positive, negative and null associations. The reasons for the mixed results are difficult to disenta... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559897 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4559897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4544731&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00819.x SummaryWeight and lipids are critical components of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Past reviews considering weight loss on lipid profiles have been for ≤1 year follow‐up and/or were for very overweight, obese or morbidly obese participants.This systematic review includes lifestyle interventions for adults (18–65 years), with a mean baseline BMI < 35 kg/m2, with weight and lipid differences over 2 years. Between 1990 and 2010, 14 studies were identified.Mean differences for weight and lipids were modest. However, weight loss at 2–3 years follow‐up, produced significant beneficial lipid profile changes. These were similar to previous reviews conducted on heavier target groups and/or over shorter follow‐up periods; cholesterol (1.3% decrease ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4544731 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4544731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540356&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00811.x SummaryFibrosis is usually characterized by the modification of both the amount and composition of a wide panel of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In the liver, pancreas, kidney and lung the accumulation of fibrosis disrupts cellular processes and appears detrimental for organ function. This review highlights the available evidence supporting an important ECM remodelling in adipose tissue (AT) and, in particular, during the development of obesity. The modifications and occurrence of new adipose ECM components leads to an abnormal accumulation of fibrosis in this tissue. This phenomenon was well described in rodent models and evidence is beginning to emerge in humans; however, the origin and potential impact of these depots in AT biology are unclear. Two animal models with disruptions ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540356 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540355&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00821.x SummaryIt has been established that health professionals' smoking and physical activity influence their related health‐promoting behaviours, but it is unclear whether health professionals' weight status also influences their related professional practices. A systematic review was conducted to understand the relationship between personal weight status and weight management practices. Nine eligible studies were identified from a search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Chinese databases. All included studies were cross‐sectional surveys employing self‐reported questionnaires. Weight management practice variables studied were classified under six practice indicators, developed from weight management guidelines. Syntheses of the findings from the selected stu... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540355 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540354&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00817.x SummaryAnimal research has well established that a link exists between variations in corticosteroids and the proneness to excess body fat accumulation. Accordingly, it is known that adrenalectomy is an efficient approach to counteract weight gain in most animal models of obesity. In humans, the association between variations in corticosteroids, its stress‐related environmental effects and the predisposition to obesity is more difficult to demonstrate. In this paper, we propose that this relationship is accentuated by globalization and modernization which favour a labour context imposing additional stress and changes in life habits promoting a positive energy balance. Our main hypothesis is that the increase in knowledge‐based work, and the decrease of quality and duration of sleep both... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540354 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540353&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00841.x SummaryThis systematic review aims to address the question of whether health professionals' weight status is associated with attitudes towards weight management. Twelve eligible studies were identified from a search of the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and three Chinese databases, which included 14 independent samples comprising a total of 10 043 respondents. Attitudes towards weight management were classified under eight attitude indicators. Quantitative synthesis of the findings of included studies showed that health professionals of normal weight were more likely to be more confident in their weight management practice, perceive fewer barriers to weight management and have more positive outcome expectations, have stronger role identity and more negative atti... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540353 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540352&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00847.x SummaryThe link between habitual short sleep and obesity is critically examined from a sleep perspective. Sleep estimates are confounded by ‘time in bed’, naps; the normal distribution of sleep duration. Wide categorizations of ‘short sleep’, with claims that <7 h sleep is associated with obesity and morbidity, stem from generalizations from 5 h sleepers (<8% of adults) and acute restriction studies involving unendurable sleepiness. Statistically significant epidemiological findings are of questionable clinical concern, even for 5 h sleepers, as any weight gains accumulate slowly over years; easily redressed by e.g. short exercise exposures, contrasting with huge accumulations of ‘lost’ sleep. Little evidence supports ‘more sleep’, alone, as an effective treatme... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540352 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540351&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00849.x SummaryStudying obesity in the Asia–Pacific region is difficult because of the diverse ethnic background and different stages of economic and nutrition transition. The burden of cardiovascular disease associated with overweight (defined as body mass index ≥25 kg m−2) was previously estimated for countries within the region. However, using the conventional cut‐point of 25 kg m−2 ignores the continuous association between body mass index and cardiovascular disease from approximately 20 kg m−2. By estimating the proportion of cardiovascular disease that would be prevented if the theoretical mean body mass index in the population was shifted to 21 kg m−2, nationally representative data from 15 countries suggested the population attributable fractions for cardiovas... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540351 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540350&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00863.x SummaryFuelled by rapid urbanization and changes in dietary and lifestyle choices, chronic diseases have emerged as a critical public health issue in China. The Healthy China 2020 programme recently announced by the Chinese government has set an overarching goal of promoting public health and making health care accessible and affordable for all Chinese citizens by year 2020. One of important components of the programme is to reduce chronic diseases by promoting healthy eating and active lifestyles. Chronic diseases not only affect health and quality of life, but also have economical and social consequences. With a limited infrastructure for chronic disease care, China is ill‐equipped to deal with the escalating chronic disease epidemic, which threatens to reverse the gains of economic de... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540350 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540349&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2011.00862.x In conclusion, catechin‐caffeine mixtures or a caffeine‐only supplementation stimulates daily energy expenditure dose‐dependently by 0.4–0.5 kJ mg−1 administered. Compared with placebo, daily fat‐oxidation was only significantly increased after catechin‐caffeine mixtures ingestion. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540349 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4540349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4507027&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00853.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4507027 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 02:07:08 +0100 4507027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4507026&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00796.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4507026 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 02:07:08 +0100 4507026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512168&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00818.x SummaryPrimary care providers (PCPs) provide the majority of weight management care in clinical settings; however, they often lack the time or resources to apply strategies recommended in treatment guidelines. This review surveyed randomized clinical trials and prospective weight management studies from 1990 to present to identify evidence‐based behavioural strategies for weight management applicable to the PCP treatment environment. Data supported, time‐limited weight management strategies included self‐monitoring, portion control, sleep hygiene, restaurant eating and television viewing. The current review suggests that a number of behavioural strategies are available to enhance the effectiveness of PCPs weight management interventions. Increasing PCP awareness of these evidence‐b... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512168 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512167&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00824.x This article is aimed to provide the reader with an overview of current and state‐of‐the‐art techniques in MRI and associated image analysis methods for fat quantification. The principles underlying traditional approaches such as T1‐weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as more modern chemical‐shift imaging techniques are discussed and compared. The benefits of contiguous 3‐D acquisitions over 2‐D multislice approaches are highlighted. Typical post‐processing procedures for extracting adipose tissue depot volumes and percent organ fat content from abdominal MRI data sets are explained. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each MRI approach with respect to imaging parameters, spatial resolution, subject motion, scan time and appropriate fat... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512167 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512166&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00826.x SummarySmart growth is an approach to urban planning that provides a framework for making community development decisions. Despite its growing use, it is not known whether smart growth can impact physical activity. This review utilizes existing built environment research on factors that have been used in smart growth planning to determine whether they are associated with physical activity or body mass. Searching the MEDLINE, Psycinfo and Web‐of‐Knowledge databases, 204 articles were identified for descriptive review, and 44 for a more in‐depth review of studies that evaluated four or more smart growth planning principles. Five smart growth factors (diverse housing types, mixed land use, housing density, compact development patterns and levels of open space) were associated with incre... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512166 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512165&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00825.x SummaryThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) (in midlife and late‐life) and dementia was investigated in meta‐analyses of 16 articles reporting on 15 prospective studies. Follow‐ups ranged from 3.2 to 36.0 years. Meta‐analyses were conducted on samples including 25 624 participants evaluated for Alzheimer's disease (AD), 15 435 participants evaluated for vascular dementia (VaD) and 30 470 followed for any type of dementia (Any Dementia). Low BMI in midlife was associated with 1.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 2.92] times the risk of developing AD. The pooled relative risks for AD, VaD and Any Dementia for overweight BMI in midlife compared with normal BMI were 1.35 (95% CI:1.19, 1.54), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.75) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.44), respectively. The... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512165 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512164&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00827.x SummaryGreenspace is theoretically a valuable resource for physical activity and hence has potential to contribute to reducing obesity and improving health. This paper reports on a systematic review of quantitative research examining the association between objectively measured access to greenspace and (i) Physical activity, (ii) Weight status and (iii) Health conditions related to elevated weight. Literature searches were conducted in SCOPUS, Medline, Embase and PYSCHINFO. Sixty studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality and strength of the evidence. The majority (68%) of papers found a positive or weak association between greenspace and obesity‐related health indicators, but findings were inconsistent and mixed across studies. Several studies found ... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512164 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512163&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00829.x SummaryEthnic minority groups are growing as a proportion of the British population. Although disparate, literature suggests inequalities in obesity risk within and among ethnic minority groups relative to Caucasians in the UK. We summarize and appraise the existing peer‐reviewed literature about the prevalence and determinants of obesity among ethnic minority groups relative to Caucasians among children and adults in the UK. There was no consensus about obesity prevalence relative to Caucasians among South Asian or Black children or among South Asian adults relative to Caucasians. Black adults generally had higher risk for obesity than Caucasians. Both Chinese children and adults had lower risk for obesity than Caucasians. Few studies have considered differences in the aetiology of obes... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512163 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512162&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00830.x The objective of this systematic review is to provide a qualitative comparison of interactive electronic media interventions for the prevention or treatment of obesity and/or obesity‐related behaviours in children and adolescents. Literature searches of 12 databases from the earliest publication date until March 2010 were conducted. Twenty‐four studies in which children and/or adolescents interacted with electronic interventions delivered as adjunct or sole interventions for the prevention or treatment of obesity and/or obesity‐related behaviours met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen focussed on obesity prevention and nine on treatment interventions. The average study quality design score was 45%. Most studies demonstrated some form of significant outcome (e.g. reported changes in diet... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512162 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512161&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00831.x SummaryMorbid obesity is associated with increased morbidity and represents a major healthcare problem with increasing incidence worldwide. Bariatric surgery is considered an effective option for the management of morbid obesity. We searched MEDLINE, Current Contents and the Cochrane Library for papers published on bariatric surgery in English from 1 January 1990 to 20 July 2010. We also manually checked the references of retrieved articles for any pertinent material. Bariatric surgery results in resolution of major comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy, left ventricular hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea in the majority of morbidly obese patients. Through these effects and pos... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512161 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512160&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00832.x SummaryAcylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a potent lipogenic factor produced from adipocytes. Plasma ASP levels were shown to increase in obesity, diabetes mellitus type II and dyslipidemia, and decrease after weight loss and fasting.Growing evidence suggests that ASP may significantly contribute to subcutaneous fat storage in females. In vitro, ASP stimulated triglyceride synthesis to a larger extent in subcutaneous compared with omental adipocytes. The ASP receptor binding affinity to plasma membranes prepared from adipose tissue showed higher binding affinity to plasma membranes from female adipose tissue compared with male adipose tissue, and was more pronounced to subcutaneous compared with omental plasma membranes. Human studies demonstrated that postprandial triglyceride clearan... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512160 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512159&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00837.x SummaryA growing body of observational research suggests that dairy consumption may have a beneficial effect on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors within an individual that carries with it an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A systematic search of electronic databases identified cross‐sectional studies (n = 10) and prospective cohort studies (n = 3) that assessed dairy intake in relation to MetS. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on study methodology, measurement and reporting of dietary intake, use of standardized MetS diagnostic criteria and statistical analysis. Dairy intake was inversely associated with incidence or prevalence of MetS in seven out of 13 studies. Three studies found no as... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512159 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512158&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00838.x SummaryTo present the prevalence and urban‐rural differences of overweight and obesity in 7–9‐year‐old Swedish schoolchildren, we used anthropometric data from a nationally representative survey performed in 2008. Trained staff weighed and measured 4538 children in grades 1 and 2 in 94 primary schools. Weight classification was performed using the IOTF reference and school areas were classified based on level of urbanization and area‐level education. Overweight was found in 17% of the children including 3% obese. For overweight, odds‐ratios were 1.33 and 1.61 (significant) in semi‐urban and rural areas, relative to urban areas. After adjusting for area‐level education, differences by degree of urbanisation were greatly attenuated and non‐significant. For obesity urban‐r... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512158 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512157&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00839.x SummaryTo review the prevalence regarding overweight and obesity among children and adolescents from migrant and native origin within Europe, a systematic review (1999–2009) was performed, using Embase, PubMed and citation snowballing. Literature research resulted in 19 manuscripts, reporting studies in six countries, mostly situated in Western and Central Europe.From this review, it appears that, in most of the European countries for which data are available, especially non‐European migrant children are at higher risk for overweight and obesity than their native counterparts. The prevalence of overweight in migrant children ranged from 8.9% to 37.5% and from 8.8% to 27.3% in native children. The prevalence of obesity in migrant children ranged from 1.2% to 15.4% and from 0.6% to 11.6%... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512157 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512156&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00808.x In conclusion, these results support an association between BMI overweight and obesity and periodontitis although the magnitude is unclear. Additional prospective studies to further quantify, or understand the mechanisms, of this association are merited. There is insufficient evidence to provide guidelines to clinicians on the clinical management of periodontitis in overweight and obese individuals. (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512156 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4512156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394071&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00852.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394071 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 13:44:15 +0100 4394071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394070&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00851.x SummaryDomestic winter indoor temperatures in the USA, UK and other developed countries appear to be following an upwards trend. This review examines evidence of a causal link between thermal exposures and increases in obesity prevalence, focusing on acute and longer‐term biological effects of time spent in thermal comfort compared with mild cold. Reduced exposure to seasonal cold may have a dual effect on energy expenditure, both minimizing the need for physiological thermogenesis and reducing thermogenic capacity. Experimental studies show a graded association between acute mild cold and human energy expenditure over the range of temperatures relevant to indoor heating trends. Meanwhile, recent studies of the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human thermogenesis suggest that increa... Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394070 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4394070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4287342&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00783.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4287342 Sat, 25 Dec 2010 02:15:03 +0100 4287342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4287341&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00747.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4287341 Sat, 25 Dec 2010 02:15:02 +0100 4287341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189923&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00833.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189923 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 06:39:43 +0100 4189923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4189922&cid=s_32622_164_f&fid=32622&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-789X.2010.00782.x (Source: Obesity Reviews) Obesity Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4189922 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 06:39:42 +0100 4189922