MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Obesity' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 16:31:21 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362810&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20224561%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, cross-sectionally PAT is correlated with VAT, liver fat, and insulin resistance. Longitudinally, the association between PAT and insulin resistance was lost suggesting no causal relationship between the two. PMID: 20224561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362810 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336699&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20203629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yancy WS, McDuffie JR, Stechuchak KM, Olsen MK, Oddone EZ, Kinsinger LS, Datta SK, Fisher DA, Krause KM, Ostbye T Although obese individuals utilize health care at higher rates than their normal weight counterparts, they may be less likely to receive certain preventive services. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of veterans with visits to 136 national Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient clinics in the United States in the year 2000. The cohort included 1,699,219 patients: 94% men, 48% white, and 76% overweight or obese. Overweight and obese patients had higher adjusted odds of receiving each of the targeted clinical preventive services as recommended over 5 years compared with normal weight patients. The odds for receiving vaccinations increased linearly with BMI category... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336699 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336698&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20203630%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, dietary calcium intake was significantly associated with less gain in IAAT over 1 year in premenopausal women. Further investigation is needed to verify these findings and determine the calcium intake needed to exert beneficial effects on fat distribution. PMID: 20203630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336698 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3336697&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20203631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jurczak MJ, Zapater JL, Greenberg CC, Brady MJ Modulation of the expression of the protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) glycogen-targeting subunit PTG exerts profound effects on cellular glycogen metabolism in vitro and in vivo. PTG contains three distinct binding domains for glycogen, PP1, and a common site for glycogen synthase and phosphorylase. The impact of disrupting the PP1-binding domain on PTG function was examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A full-length PTG mutant was generated as an adenoviral construct in which the valine and phenylalanine residues in the conserved PP1-binding domain were mutated to alanine (PTG-VF). Infection of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the PTG-VF adenovirus reduced glycogen stores by over 50%. In vitro, PTG-VF competitively interfered with ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3336697 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3336697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312245&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20179700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hayes JE PMID: 20179700 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312245 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 02:02:16 +0100 3312245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312244&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20179701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20179701 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312244 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 02:02:14 +0100 3312244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312243&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20179702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20179702 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312243 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 02:02:11 +0100 3312243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312242&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20179703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20179703 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312242 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 02:02:08 +0100 3312242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312241&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20179704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20179704 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312241 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 02:02:06 +0100 3312241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291480&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bodnar LM, Siega-Riz AM, Simhan HN, Diesel JC, Abrams B Prepregnancy BMI is a widely used marker of maternal nutritional status that relies on maternal self-report of prepregnancy weight and height. Pregravid BMI has been associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and infant, but the impact of BMI misclassification on measures of effect has not been quantified. The authors applied published probabilistic bias analysis methods to quantify the impact of exposure misclassification bias on well-established associations between self-reported prepregnancy BMI category and five pregnancy outcomes (small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) birth, spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preeclampsia) derived from ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291480 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291479&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168308%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we report that removal of melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) significantly impairs the ability of mice to metabolize glucose and such inability is probably due to an increased insulin resistance in these mice. Our data suggest that MT1 receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and open the door for a detailed exploration on the mechanisms by which MT1 receptors signaling may affect glucose metabolism. PMID: 20168308 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291479 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291478&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kofman MD, Lent MR, Swencionis C Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. However, evidence suggests that maladaptive eating behaviors such as binge eating, grazing, and a loss of control when eating may impact postsurgical weight outcomes. The current study sought to characterize the weight outcomes, eating patterns, and perceived health-related quality of life of individuals 3-10 years following gastric bypass (GBP) surgery and to assess the relationships between eating behaviors, weight outcomes, and quality of life. Eligible participants (N = 497) completed an Internet survey of their eating behaviors, health-related quality of life, and weight history. Participants self-reported a mean maximum postsurgical loss of 81% of their excess weight an... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291478 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291477&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wallner-Liebmann S, Koschutnig K, Reishofer G, Sorantin E, Blaschitz B, Kruschitz R, Unterrainer HF, Gasser R, Freytag F, Bauer-Denk C, Mangge H Responsiveness to food cues, especially those associated with high-calorie nutrients may be a factor underlying obesity. An increased motivational potency of foods appears to be mediated in part by the hippocampus. To clarify this, we investigated by means of 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the activation of the hippocampus and associated brain structures in response to pictures of high-calorie and low-calorie foods in 12 obese and 12 normal-weight adolescents. To investigate the relationship between neuronal activation patterns (e.g., hippocampus) to the caloric content of food images and plasma insulin levels, we performed a mu... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291477 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291476&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liebig M, Gossel M, Pratt J, Black M, Haschke G, Elvert R, Juretschke HP, Neumann-Haefelin C, Kramer W, Herling AW This is the first study to examine the effect of subchronic olanzapine (OLZ) on energy homeostasis in rats, covering all aspects of energy balance, including energy intake as metabolizable energy, storage, and expenditure. We further analyzed whether, and by which mechanism, the CB1-antagonist AVE1625 might attenuate OLZ-induced body weight gain. For this purpose, we selected juvenile female Hanover Wistar rats that robustly and reproducibly demonstrated weight gain on OLZ treatment, accepting limitations to model the aberrations on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Rats received 2 mg/kg OLZ orally twice daily for 12 days. Body weight and body composition were an... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291476 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291475&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kursawe R, Narayan D, Cali AM, Shaw M, Pierpont B, Shulman GI, Caprio S Hepatic steatosis is associated with hypoadiponectinemia. The mechanism(s) resulting in lower serum adiponectin levels in obese adolescents with fatty liver is unknown. In two groups of equally obese adolescents, but discordant for hepatic fat content, we measured adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) gene expression in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Twenty six adolescents with similar degrees of obesity underwent a subcutaneous periumbilical adipose tissue biopsy, in addition to metabolic (oral glucose tolerance test, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and imaging studies (magnetic resonance im... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291475 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291474&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20168313%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we compared the insulin and glycemic response to a mixed meal with and without concomitant glucagon infusion in a patient with severe recurrent hypoglycemia after RYGB. Although effective in transiently raising postprandial plasma glucose values, glucagon infusion was also associated with higher insulin concentrations, and failed to prevent symptomatic hypoglycemia. This case demonstrates that glucagon may have limited clinical utility in the treatment of post-RYGB hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. PMID: 20168313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291474 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3270034&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20150899%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pories WJ, Dohm LG, Mansfield CJ The application of the BMI of >/=35 as the major prerequisite for access to bariatric surgery is no longer appropriate because the index, now incorporated in the requirements of Medicare, Medicaid and most private carriers, does not reflect the degree or distribution of adiposity, it discriminates unfairly on the basis of gender, race, age, fitness, and body fat composition. Further, with increasing evidence that bariatric surgery can also induce full and durable remission of such comorbidities as type 2 diabetes even in patients with BMIs <30, new guidelines must be pursued. PMID: 20150899 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3270034 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3270034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3270033&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20150900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Speakman JR, Goran MI Obesity is a predisposing risk factor for several chronic diseases. The link between obesity and cancer appears to be particularly complex. Notably only the risk for development of specific cancers appear to be affected. Moreover, the obesity-related risk of cancer is very different across ethnic groups. African-Americans appear particularly prone, whereas Hispanics appear to be relatively protected. Obesity is associated with increased levels of circulating insulin. These levels of elevated insulin may serve to promote proliferation of fat cells to accommodate the elevated nutrient flux. However, elevated levels of insulin may be a major mediating factor influencing cancer risk. This hypothesis alone cannot explain the complexity of the phenomenon. We su... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3270033 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3270033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3270032&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20150901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giesen JC, Havermans RC, Douven A, Tekelenburg M, Jansen A It has been suggested that for overweight and obese individuals high-calorie foods are more reinforcing than for normal-weight individuals. It has already been shown that in contrast to sedentary activities, snack food is more reinforcing for obese women, relative to normal-weight women. However, it is unclear whether overweight/obese individuals are more sensitive to the reinforcing value of food in general or more specifically to the reinforcing value of high-calorie foods. This was tested in the present study, with overweight/obese and normal-weight individuals performing a concurrent schedules task, which measures how hard someone is prepared to work for high-calorie snacks compared to low-calorie foods (e.g., frui... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3270032 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3270032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3270031&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20150902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muscogiuri G, Sorice GP, Prioletta A, Policola C, Casa SD, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari A The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high among obese subjects. Further, low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration has been postulated to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, although its relation with insulin-sensitivity is not well investigated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and insulin-sensitivity, using the glucose clamp technique. In total, 39 subjects with no known history of diabetes mellitus were recruited. The association of 25(OH)D concentration with insulin-sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Subjects with low 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/l) had higher BMI (P = 0.048), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P = 0.040), t... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3270031 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3270031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3270030&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20150903%26dopt%3DAbstract This study sought to test this assumption by comparing the PBF between US white and Vietnamese women. The study was designed as a comparative cross-sectional investigation. In the first study, 210 Vietnamese women ages between 50 and 85 were randomly selected from various districts in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In the second study, 419 women of the same age range were randomly selected from the Rancho Bernardo Study (San Diego, CA). In both studies, lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (QDR 4500; Hologic). PBF was derived as FM over body weight. Compared with Vietnamese women, white women had much more FM (24.8 +/- 8.1 kg vs. 18.8 +/- 4.9 kg; P < 0.0001) and greater PBF (36.4 +/- 6.5% vs. 35.0 +/- 6.2%; P = 0.012). However, there was ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3270030 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3270030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244934&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134407%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu CK, Chang YC, Hua SC, Wu HY, Lee WJ, Chiang FT, Hwang JJ, Lien WP, Chuang LM Apolipoprotein A-V (apo A-V) exerts a potent triglyceride (TG)-lowering effect through enhanced intravascular TG-hydrolysis with increased uptake of TG-derived free fatty acids into muscle and adipose tissue. Genetic variants in the APOA5 gene were strongly associated with plasma TG concentrations. The aim of this study was to examine whether APOA5 genetic variation was associated with obesity. We genotyped the missense c.553 G>T polymorphism (p.G185C) in the APOA5 gene in 1,085 Chinese (333 obese subjects and 752 nonobese controls). We analyzed the association between the c.553 G>T polymorphism and obesity and related metabolic phenotypes. The T allele at the c.553 G>T polymorphism was as... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244934 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244933&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134408%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides evidence that OLZ pharmacology drives the early increase in weight through increased FI, without evidence of decreased energy expenditure (EE), activity level, or short-term perturbations in IS. PMID: 20134408 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244933 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244932&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuk JL, Lee S Our objective was to examine the independent association between abdominal obesity (waist circumference (WC)) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 2,197 adults (ages 20-49 years) and 3,223 adolescents (ages 12-19 years). Individuals were stratified by CRF and WC using sex- and age-specific MetS criteria for adolescents and adults. Adolescents had a lower prevalence rate of MetS (5.4% vs. 12.8%) and high WC (15.5% vs. 35.7%), but a higher prevalence rate of low CRF (37.6% vs. 15.9%) than adults. As compared to adolescents and adults with low WC, those with a high WC (odds ratio (OR) = 5.5-16.5, P < 0.001) were more likely to have a clustering of MetS factors than those with low WC (OR = 1.2-3.8, P = 0.3 to <0.001), regardless... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244932 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244931&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dailey MJ, Tamashiro KL, Terrillion CE, Moran TH Intestinal nutrient infusions result in variable decreases in food intake and body weight based on the nutrient type and the specific intestinal infusion site. Only intrajejunal infusions of fatty acids decrease food intake beyond the calories infused. To test whether this extra-compensatory decrease in food intake is specific to fatty acids, small volume intrajejunal infusions of glucose (Glu) and casein hydrolysate (Cas), as well as linoleic acid (LA) were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Equal kilocalorie (kcal) loads of these nutrients (11.4) or vehicle were infused into the jejunum over 7 h/day for five consecutive days. Food intake was continuously monitored and body weight was measured daily. After the infusion o... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244931 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244930&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134411%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vimaleswaran KS, Franks PW, Brage S, Grontved A, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U, Loos RJ Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the hepatic gluconeogenic pathway. Studies have shown that overexpression of Pck1 in mice results in obesity-related traits and higher levels of physical activity (PA). Therefore, our aims were to investigate whether common genetic variation in the PCK1 gene influences obesity-related traits, PA, and fitness, and to examine whether PA and fitness attenuate the influence of the PCK1 polymorphisms on obesity in children. Analyses were undertaken on data from Danish and Estonian children (958 boys and 1,104 girls) from the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS), a school-based, cross-sectional study of children (mean +/- s.d. age: 9.... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244930 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244929&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134412%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed whether absolute PA energy expenditure (PAEE), PAEE/kg, and PAEE/kg(FFM) could be accurately estimated using accelerometry and a questionnaire in Indian adolescents and how these values compared to those of other populations. PAEE was assessed using doubly labeled water (DLW) in 30 adolescents from Chennai, India, over seven consecutive days, simultaneous with the measurement of PA using accelerometry and a previous-week recall questionnaire. Accelerometry counts (regression analysis) and questionnaire data were used to estimate PAEE; estimates were cross-validated using the Bland-Altman method. Accelerometry data and DLW-derived PAEE were visually compared to values from four North American and European populations. For boys, 49% of the variance in DLW-derived PAEE was... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244929 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244928&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134413%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, in patients with hypertension and chronic ischemic heart disease, as BMI increases, the clinical profile worsens as well as risk factors control rates. PMID: 20134413 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244928 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244927&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134414%26dopt%3DAbstract This study attempts to evaluate if high plasma PLA(2)(s) activities and markers of their effects in lipoproteins are associated with obesity or T2D diabetes, or with both. Total PLA(2) and Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent activities, lipids, lipoproteins, apoAI, and apoB apolipoproteins and affinity of apoB-lipoproteins for arterial proteoglycans were measured, as well as Inflammation markers. These parameters were evaluated in plasma samples of four groups: (i) apparently healthy controls with normal BMI (nBMI), (ii) obese subjects with no T2D, (iii) patients with T2D but with nBMI, and (iv) obese patients with T2D. PLA(2) activities were measured in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) and in the presence of specific inhibitors. Obese subjects, with or without T2D, had high activities of ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244927 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244926&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134415%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, circulating IGFBP-2 was positively associated with insulin sensitivity. IGFBP-2 was expressed by subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes of obese children and increased with adiposity, independently from the level of insulin sensitivity. IGFBP-2 expression may potentially be one of the local mechanisms used by adipocytes to limit further fat gain. PMID: 20134415 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244926 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244925&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henderson GC, Nadeau D, Horton ES, Nair KS Protein metabolism adapts during caloric restriction (CR) to minimize protein loss, and it is unclear whether greater fat stores favorably affect this response. We sought to determine whether protein metabolism is related to degree of obesity and whether the response to CR is impacted by pre-CR adiposity level. Whole body protein metabolism was studied in 12 obese women over a wide range of BMI (30-53 kg/m(2)) as inpatients using [1-(13)C]leucine as a tracer following 5 days of a weight-maintaining diet and then after 30 days of CR (1,400 kcal deficit with maintained protein intake). When expressed as total rates, per body weight (BW) or per fat-free mass (FFM), leucine rate of appearance (Ra), and nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD)... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244925 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244924&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20134417%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that obese subjects lose weight at high altitudes. This may be due to a higher metabolic rate and reduced food intake. Interestingly, leptin levels rise in high altitude despite reduced body weight. Hypobaric hypoxia seems to play a major role, although the physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Weight loss at high altitudes was associated with clinically relevant improvements in diastolic blood pressure. PMID: 20134417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244924 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225094&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20111026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharma AM, Karmali S, Birch DW PMID: 20111026 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225094 Sun, 31 Jan 2010 22:08:13 +0100 3225094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225093&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20111027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldman HI PMID: 20111027 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225093 Sun, 31 Jan 2010 22:08:10 +0100 3225093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3225092&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20111028%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bolduc C, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J To identify the acute effects of feeding on mesenteric fat, we have performed a transcriptomic study in the mesenteric adipose tissue after low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) meal ingestion. After fasting, one group of mice was killed and the others were fed ad libitum with HF or LF meal, and killed 3 h after the ingestion. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was performed, generating ~150,000 tags/sample. The results were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcripts involved in lipid biosynthesis were upregulated only by LF meal, whereas intracellular lipid catabolism was repressed by feeding. Apoptotic genes were downregulated, whereas antiapoptosis and proteolysis were upregulated by feeding. The expression levels of g... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3225092 Sun, 31 Jan 2010 22:08:06 +0100 3225092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221029&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang TT, Story MT PMID: 20107453 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221029 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:19 +0100 3221029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221028&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olvera N, Bush JA, Sharma SV, Knox BB, Scherer RL, Butte NF The primary purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a family-based exploratory community study titled BOUNCE (Behavior Opportunities Uniting Nutrition, Counseling, and Exercise) to increase physical fitness and activity in low-income Latino mothers and daughters. The BOUNCE study consisted of a 12-week exercise (e.g., Latin dance), nutrition education, and counseling intervention. The design included a two-arm parallel group assignment to an experimental group (EG; included 26 mother-daughter dyads) and comparison group (CG; included 20 mother-daughter dyads). Pre- and postintervention 20-Meter Endurance Shuttle Run Test and accelerometry were used to measure children's aerobic capacity and physical activi... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221028 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:16 +0100 3221028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221027&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finegood DT, Merth TD, Rutter H PMID: 20107455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221027 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:13 +0100 3221027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221026&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robinson TN PMID: 20107456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221026 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:11 +0100 3221026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221025&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans WD, Christoffel KK, Necheles JW, Becker AB PMID: 20107457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221025 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:08 +0100 3221025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221024&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hesketh KD, Campbell KJ The small number and recency of the early childhood obesity-prevention literature identified in a previous review of interventions to prevent obesity, promote healthy eating, physical activity, and/or reduce sedentary behaviors in 0-5 year olds suggests this is a new and developing research area. The current review was conducted to provide an update of the rapidly emerging evidence in this area and to assess the quality of studies reported. Ten electronic databases were searched to identify literature published from January 1995 to August 2008. Inclusion criteria: interventions reporting child anthropometric, diet, physical activity, or sedentary behavior outcomes and focusing on children aged 0-5 years of age. Exclusion criteria: focusing on breastfeed... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221024 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:05 +0100 3221024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221023&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107459%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to compare the impact of two intervention approaches on the prevalence of child overweight and obesity: (i) Coordinated Approach To Child Health BasicPlus (CATCH BP), in which schools were provided evidence-based coordinated school health program training, materials, and facilitator support visits, and (ii) CATCH BP and Community (BPC), in which BP schools received additional promotion of community partnerships with the aim of integrating community members and organizations into schools, local decision making and action, and best practices workshops. Schools (n = 97) in four central Texas districts were recruited to participate in the 4-year project. Of the low-income schools (n = 58), 15 schools were selected to receive the BPC intervention and matched with... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221023 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:35:01 +0100 3221023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221022&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Swinburn BA, de Silva-Sanigorski AM PMID: 20107460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221022 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:55 +0100 3221022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221021&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107461%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a community-based healthy weight intervention on child weight and fitness. Cambridge Public Schools (CPS) have monitored BMI and fitness annually since 2000. Annual increases of overweight and obesity from 2000 (37.0%) to 2004 (39.1%), triggered a multidisciplinary team of researchers, educators, health care, and public health professionals to mobilize environmental and policy interventions. Guided by the social-ecological model and community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, the team developed and implemented Healthy Living Cambridge Kids (HLCK), a multicomponent intervention targeting community, school, family, and individuals. The intervention included city policies and community awareness campaigns; physical educatio... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221021 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:52 +0100 3221021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221020&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phillips MM, Raczynski JM, West DS, Pulley L, Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Walker JF Changes in school nutrition and physical activity policies and environments are important to combat childhood obesity. Arkansas Act 1220 of 2003 was among the first and most comprehensive statewide legislative initiatives to combat childhood obesity through school-based change. Annual surveys of principals and superintendents have been analyzed to document substantial and important changes in school environments, policies, and practices. For example, results indicate that schools are more likely to require that healthy options be provided for student parties (4.5% in 2004, 36.9% in 2008; P </= 0.0001) and concession stands (1.6% in 2004, 19.6% in 2008; P </= 0.0001), ban commercial advertising by... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221020 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:47 +0100 3221020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221019&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sacher PM, Kolotourou M, Chadwick PM, Cole TJ, Lawson MS, Lucas A, Singhal A The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mind, Exercise, Nutrition, Do it (MEND) Program, a multicomponent community-based childhood obesity intervention (www.mendcentral.org). One hundred and sixteen obese children (BMI >/= 98th percentile, UK 1990 reference data) were randomly assigned to intervention or waiting list control (6-month delayed intervention). Parents and children attended eighteen 2-h group educational and physical activity sessions held twice weekly in sports centers and schools, followed by a 12-week free family swimming pass. Waist circumference, BMI, body composition, physical activity level, sedentary activities, cardiovascular fitness, and self-esteem wer... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221019 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:42 +0100 3221019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221018&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107464%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fulkerson JA, Rydell S, Kubik MY, Lytle L, Boutelle K, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, Dudovitz B, Garwick A The primary objective was to develop and test the feasibility and acceptability of the Healthy Home Offerings via the Mealtime Environment (HOME) program, a pilot childhood obesity prevention intervention aimed at increasing the quality of foods in the home and at family meals. Forty-four child/parent dyads participated in a randomized controlled trial (n = 22 in intervention and n = 22 in control conditions). The intervention program, held at neighborhood facilities, included five, 90-min sessions consisting of interactive nutrition education, taste testing, cooking skill building, parent discussion groups, and hands-on meal preparation. Children (8-10-year olds) and pare... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221018 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:38 +0100 3221018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221017&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107465%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested the impact of a multicomponent intervention entitled "Partners of all Ages Reading About Diet and Exercise" (PARADE) a child-focused energy balance intervention incorporated into mentoring programs. We used a group randomized nested cohort design randomizing mentoring program sites (n = 119) and children (N = 782; females = 49%; African American = 37%; mean (s.d.) age = 8.5 (1.5) years) to intervention or usual care conditions. PARADE mentors delivered eight lesson plans addressing key concepts related to diet and activity; eight child-focused computer-tailored storybooks with messages targeting that child's diet and activity patterns and eight parent action support newsletters. When compared to the control group, PARADE children were more knowledgeable of diet and activi... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221017 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:35 +0100 3221017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221016&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Epstein LH, Wrotniak BH PMID: 20107466 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221016 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:32 +0100 3221016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221015&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gittelsohn J, Vijayadeva V, Davison N, Ramirez V, Cheung LW, Murphy S, Novotny R Diet-related chronic diseases are at epidemic levels in low-income ethnic minority populations. The purpose of this study is to decrease risk for obesity in children by modifying the food environment and conducting point-of-purchase promotions that will lead to changes in psychosocial factors and behaviors associated with healthier food choices among low-income communities with a preponderance of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. We implemented an intervention trial over a 9-11-month period in five food stores in two low-income multiethnic communities in Hawaii, targeting both children and their adult caregivers. The Healthy Foods Hawaii (HFH) intervention consisted of an environmental compo... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221015 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:28 +0100 3221015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221014&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilfley DE, Van Buren DJ, Theim KR, Stein RI, Saelens BE, Ezzet F, Russian AC, Perri MG, Epstein LH Weight loss outcomes achieved through conventional behavior change interventions are prone to deterioration over time. Basic learning laboratory studies in the area of behavioral extinction and renewal and multilevel models of weight control offer clues as to why newly acquired weight loss skills are prone to relapse. According to these models, current clinic-based interventions may not be of sufficient duration or scope to allow for the practice of new skills across the multiple community contexts necessary to promote sustainable weight loss. Although longer, more intensive interventions with greater reach may hold the key to improving weight loss outcomes, it is difficult to t... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221014 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:22 +0100 3221014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3221013&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20107469%26dopt%3DAbstract This study developed and evaluated a theory-based, parent-focused intervention to reduce television and other media consumption to prevent and reduce childhood obesity. Families (n = 202) with children ages 6-9 were recruited from a large, urban multiethnic population into a randomized controlled trial (101 families into the intervention group and 101 into the control group), and were followed for 6 months. The intervention consisted of a 2-hour workshop and six bimonthly newsletters. Behavioral objectives included: (i) reduce TV watching; (ii) turn off TV when nobody is watching; (iii) no TV with meals; (iv) no TV in the child's bedroom; and (v) engage in fun non-media related activities. Parents were 89% female, 44% white, 28% African American, 17% Latino, and 11% Asian, mean age 40 year... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3221013 Sat, 30 Jan 2010 00:34:08 +0100 3221013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201196&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20094039%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to compare the responses of these two hormones to meal intake between lean and obese Hispanic adolescents. A total of 10 obese and 7 lean Hispanic youth, aged 11-14 years, consumed two mixed meals, one small and one large, during which plasma measurements of active and total ghrelin and total PYY were obtained. Obese subjects tended to consume more calories during the small meal than lean subjects, although this did not reach statistical significance. Intake of the small meal significantly suppressed active ghrelin and stimulated PYY levels in the lean subjects, and these changes were further accentuated by the large meals. In obese subjects, the suppression of active ghrelin and stimulation of PYY by caloric intake were blunted. Interestingly, a paradoxical stimula... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201196 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201195&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20094040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balagopal PB, Gidding SS, Buckloh LM, Yarandi HN, Sylvester JE, George DE, Funanage VL The aims of this study are to examine in children: (i) obesity-related alterations in satiety factors such as leptin, ghrelin, and obestatin; (ii) the link between satiety factors and cardiometabolic risk factors; and (iii) the impact of a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention on the levels of these satiety factors in the obese. We studied a total of 21 adolescents (BMI percentile, 99.0 +/- 0.6 for 15 obese and 56.2 +/- 1.1 for 6 lean). The obese subjects underwent a 3-month randomized controlled physical activity-based lifestyle intervention. Leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), ghrelin, and obestatin levels were determined as the primary outcome measures. Other markers of card... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201195 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201194&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20094041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vijayvargia R, Mann K, Weiss HR, Pownall HJ, Ruan H Although germ-line deletion of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) improves overall insulin sensitivity in mice, those studies could not reveal the underlying molecular mechanism and the tissue site(s) in which reduced JNK activity elicits the observed phenotype. Given its importance in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose utilization, we hypothesized that the insulin-sensitive phenotype associated with Jnk deletion originates from loss of JNK function in skeletal muscle. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene silencing was used to identify the functions of JNK subtypes in regulating energy metabolism and metabolic responses to elevated concentrations of NEFA in C2C12 myotubes, a cellular model of skeletal muscle. We s... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201194 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201193&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20094042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lijnen HR, Frederix L, Van Hoef B The effect of fumagillin (a methionine aminopeptidase-type 2 (Met-AP2) inhibitor, with antiangiogenic properties) was investigated in murine models of diet-induced obesity. Eleven-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice (group 1) were given fumagillin by oral gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day during 4 weeks while fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (20.1 kJ/g), and control mice (group 2) received solvent and were pair-fed. At the end of the experiment, body weights in group 1 were significantly lower as compared to group 2 (P < 0.0005). The subcutaneous (SC) and gonadal (GON) fat mass was also significantly lower in group 1 (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Adipocytes were smaller in adipose tissues of mice in group 1, associated with higher adipocyte d... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201193 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3201192&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20094043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aronne LJ, Halseth AE, Burns CM, Miller S, Shen LZ Preclinical evidence suggests that pharmacotherapy for obesity using combinations of agents targeted at distinct regulatory pathways may produce robust additive or synergistic effects on weight loss. This randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the safety and efficacy of the amylin analogue pramlintide alone or in combination with either phentermine or sibutramine. All patients also received lifestyle intervention. Following a 1-week placebo lead-in, 244 obese or overweight, nondiabetic subjects (88% female; 41 +/- 11 years; BMI 37.7 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2); weight 103 +/- 19 kg; mean +/- s.d.) received placebo subcutaneously (sc) t.i.d., pramlintide sc (120 microg t.i.d.), pramlintide sc (120 microg t.i.d.) + oral sibutramine (1... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3201192 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3201192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179236&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tussing-Humphreys LM, Nemeth E, Fantuzzi G, Freels S, Holterman AX, Galvani C, Ayloo S, Vitello J, Braunschweig C Excess adiposity is associated with low-grade inflammation and decreased iron status. Iron depletion in obesity is thought to be mediated by an inflammation-induced increase in the body's main regulator of iron homeostasis, hepcidin. Elevated hepcidin can result in iron depletion as it prevents the release of dietary iron absorbed into the enterocytes, limiting replenishment of body iron losses. Weight reduction is associated with decreased inflammation; however, the impact of reduced inflammation on iron status and systemic hepcidin in obese individuals remains unknown. We determined prospectively the impact of weight loss on iron status parameters, serum hepcidin... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179236 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179235&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lantz KA, Hart SG, Planey SL, Roitman MF, Ruiz-White IA, Wolfe HR, McLane MP Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) causes rapid and reversible weight loss in genetic models of obesity. To better predict the potential effects of trodusquemine in the clinic, we investigated the effects of trodusquemine treatment in a murine model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Trodusquemine suppressed appetite, reduced body weight (BW) in a fat-specific manner, and improved plasma insulin and leptin levels in mice. Screening assays revealed that trodusquemine selectively inhibited protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key enzyme regulating insulin and leptin signaling. Trodusquemine significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) beta and STAT3, direct targets... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179235 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179234&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075853%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion among older people, for a given BMI, increased WC was related with higher risk of poor QoL and, for women, of depressive symptoms; whereas for a given WC, increased BMI had a protective effect on QoL for women. PMID: 20075853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179234 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179233&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pepino MY, Finkbeiner S, Beauchamp GK, Mennella JA The goal of this study was to determine whether obese women exhibit altered umami and sweet taste perception compared to normal-weight women. A total of 57 subjects (23 obese and 34 normal weight) participated in a 2-day study separated by 1 week. Half of the women in each group were evaluated using monosodium glutamate (MSG; prototypical umami stimulus) on the first test day and sucrose on the second test day; the order was reversed for the remaining women. We used two-alternative forced-choice staircase procedures to measure taste detection thresholds, forced-choice tracking technique to measure preferences, the general Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) to measure perceived intensity of suprathreshold concentrations, and a tria... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179233 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179232&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stommel M, Schoenborn CA When examining health risks associated with the BMI, investigators often rely on the customary BMI thresholds of the 1995 World Health Organization report. However, within-interval variations in morbidity and mortality can be substantial, and the thresholds do not necessarily correspond to identifiable risk increases. Comparing the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma, and arthritis among non-Hispanic whites, blacks, East Asians and Hispanics, we examine differences in the BMI-health-risk relationships for small BMI increments. The analysis is based on 11 years of data of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), with a sample size of 337,375 for the combined 1997-2007 Sample Adult. The analysis uses multivariat... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179232 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179231&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075856%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ghoussaini M, Stutzmann F, Couturier C, Vatin V, Durand E, Lecoeur C, Degraeve F, Heude B, Tauber M, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Tounian P, Weill J, Traurig M, Bogardus C, Baier LJ, Michaud JL, Froguel P, Meyre D SIM1 (single-minded 1) haploinsufficiency is responsible for obesity in both humans and mice, but the contribution of frequent DNA variation to polygenic obesity is unknown. Sequencing of all exons, exon/intron boundaries, 870 base pairs (bp) of the putative promoter, and 1,095 bp of the 3'UTR of SIM1 gene in 143 obese children and 24 control adults identified 13 common variants. After analysis of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, association study of eight variants was performed in 1,275 obese children and severely obese adults, in 1,395 control subjects, an... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179231 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154055&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057362%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maceneaney OJ, Kushner EJ, Westby CM, Cech JN, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, Desouza CA Excess adiposity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular repair. We tested the hypothesis that increased adiposity is associated with EPC dysfunction, characterized by diminished capacity to release angiogenic cytokines, increased apoptotic susceptibility, reduced cell migration, and shorter telomere length. A total of 67 middle-aged and older adults (42-67 years) were studied: 25 normal weight (normal weight; BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) and 42 overweight/obese (overweight/obese; BMI: 25.0-34.9 kg/m(2)). Cells with phenotypic EPC characteristics were isolated from peripheral blood. EPC release of vasc... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154055 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154054&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057363%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the availability of food stores for low-income women in Kansas and tested whether food store availability was associated with obesity using cross-sectional, geocoded data from women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) (n = 21,166) in Kansas. The availability and density of food stores within a 1, 3, and 5 mile radius of residence was determined, and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of food store availability with obesity. The availability of convenience, grocery stores, and supermarkets varied across the urban-rural continuum, but the majority of WIC recipients lived within a 1 mile radius of a small grocery store. WIC participants in micropolitan areas had the greatest availabili... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154054 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154053&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057364%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bose M, Machineni S, Oliván B, Teixeira J, McGinty JJ, Bawa B, Koshy N, Colarusso A, Laferrère B The goal of this study was to understand the mechanisms of greater weight loss by gastric bypass (GBP) compared to gastric banding (GB) surgery. Obese weight- and age-matched subjects were studied before (T0), after a 12 kg weight loss (T1) by GBP (n = 11) or GB (n = 9), and at 1 year after surgery (T2). peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)), ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, and amylin were measured after an oral glucose challenge. At T1, glucose-stimulated GLP-1 and PYY levels increased significantly after GBP but not GB. Ghrelin levels did not change significantly after either surgery. In spite of equivalent weight loss, leptin and amylin decreased after GBP, bu... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154053 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154052&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057365%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, both the minor allele A of rs9939609 and the minor allele A of rs805136 were associated with increased risk of T2D, independent of measures of BMI; the odds ratios (ORs) per copy of the risk allele were 1.19 for rs9939609 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.37; P = 0.01) and 1.22 for rs8050136 (95% CI, 1.07-1.40; P = 0.004) after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Our results also showed association with risk of obesity (rs9939609: OR = 1.39 (95% CI 1.04-1.85), P = 0.02; rs8050136: OR = 1.45 (95% CI 1.09-1.93), P = 0.01) but no association with overweight. These results were consistent with the pooled results from our meta-analysis study (for diabetes, rs8050136, P = 1.3 x 10(-3); rs9939609, P = 9.8 x 10(-4); for obesity, rs8050136, P = 2.2 x 10(-7); rs9939609, P = 9.0 x 10(... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154052 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154051&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Axen KV, Axen K Longitudinal effects of a very low-carbohydrate (VLC) and a calorie-matched high-carbohydrate (HC) weight reduction diet were compared in dietary obese Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Obese rats were divided into weight-matched groups: (i) VLC rats consumed an energy-restricted 5% carbohydrate, 60% fat diet for 8 weeks, (ii) HC rats consumed an isocaloric 60% carbohydrate, 15% fat diet, and (iii) HF rats consumed a high-fat diet ad libitum. HC and VLC rats showed similar reductions in body fat and hepatic lipid at the midpoint of the weight-reduction program, indicating effects due to energy deficit. At the end point, however, HC rats showed greater reductions in total and percent body fat, hepatic lipid and int... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154051 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154050&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anavi S, Ilan E, Tirosh O, Madar Z The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of lipid oversupply on the AMPK pathway in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Male Wistar rats were infused with lipid emulsion (LE) or phosphate-buffered saline for 5 h/day for 6 days. Muscles exposed to LE for 6 days exhibited increased AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, along with a greater association between AMPK and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK). No differences in muscle protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) activity, LKB1 phosphorylation or AMPK and LKB1 association were observed. Muscle ACCbeta, and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) mRNA levels and PPARgamma-co-activator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) protein levels were also increase... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154050 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154049&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057368%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate outcomes of a comprehensive care clinic (CCC) for children with hypothalamic obesity due to treatment for brain tumors by assessing weight parameters; health-related quality of life (HRQoL); and perception of health status, disease burden, care satisfaction, and physical activity. Thirty-nine patients (16 males) were reviewed. While attending the CCC the median %weight gain and percent ideal body weight (%IBW) of patients was lower (8.5%/year (range -3 to -14) and -4%/year (141.7-34), respectively) than the median %weight gain and %IBW (21.4% (15.8-32.0) and 19.9% (-18.7 to 149.2)) while treated in standard care. Rate of increase in %BMI slowed (4.5 kg/m(2) %/year (-17.8 to 8.4) vs. 8.4 kg/m(2) %/year (-3.1 to 28.1)) in patients attending the c... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154049 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154048&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martinelli R, Nardelli C, Pilone V, Buonomo T, Liguori R, Castanò I, Buono P, Masone S, Persico G, Forestieri P, Pastore L, Sacchetti L Obesity is a consequence of imbalance of food intake and energy expenditure that results in storage of energy as fat, primarily in adipose tissue. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in metabolic pathways and they are also involved in fat-cell development. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether microRNA dysfunction contributes to obesity. We analyzed, by microarray, the expression profile of 1,458 microRNAs in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from nondiabetic severely obese (n = 20) and nonobese adults (n = 8). Among 42 differently expressed microRNAs, we confirmed by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) that... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154048 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154047&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057370%26dopt%3DAbstract This study improves upon these prior studies by using a large, sibling-based sample to examine heritability, shared environmental, and nonshared intrauterine influences on BMI during two age periods in childhood (6-8 years; 12-14 years). The primary interest was in determining the effects of the intrauterine environment on BMI as a component of the nonshared environment and in determining whether there were sex-specific differences in heritability and/or in the intrauterine factors. These were estimated using regression-based techniques introduced by DeFries and Fulker. Heritability of BMI was estimated to be 0.20-0.28 at 6-8 years and 0.46-0.61 at 12-14 years. Differences in heritability were found at 12-14 years between same-sex as compared to mixed-sex pairs. The shared environmental ef... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154047 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154046&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057371%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation and metabolic parameters in 29 severely obese subjects who lost >/=10% body weight (age 45 +/- 13 years; BMI 48 +/- 9 kg/m(2)) at baseline and after 12 months of dietary and/or surgical intervention. We compared these parameters to 14 obese individuals (age 49 +/- 11 years; BMI 39 +/- 7 kg/m(2)) who failed to lose weight. For the entire group, mean brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was impaired at 6.7 +/- 4.1%. Following sustained weight loss, FMD increased significantly from 6.8 +/- 4.2 to 10.0 +/- 4.7%, but remained blunted in patients without weight decline from 6.5 +/- 4.0 to 5.7 +/- 4.1%, P = 0.013 by ANOVA. Endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) was unaltered. BMI fell by 13 +/- 7 kg/... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154046 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154045&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057372%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, DIO developed in response to 60% fat feeding regardless of Nnt allele status. Contribution of the B6/J-unique Nnt mutation was most evident in response to 10% fat feeding that resulted in reduced serum insulin and weight gain compared to B6/NJ males. PMID: 20057372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154045 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154044&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nixon JP, Zhang M, Wang C, Kuskowski MA, Novak CM, Levine JA, Billington CJ, Kotz CM We evaluated the EchoMRI-900 combination rat and mouse quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) body composition method in comparison to traditional whole-body chemical carcass composition analysis (CCA) for measurements of fat and fat-free mass in rodents. Live and postmortem (PM) QMR fat and lean mass measurements were obtained for lean, obese and outbred strains of rats and mice, and compared with measurements obtained using CCA. A second group of rats was measured before and after 18 h food or water deprivation. Significant positive correlations between QMR and CCA fat and lean mass measurements were shown for rats and mice. Although all live QMR fat and lean measurements were more precise th... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154044 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154043&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McQuaid SE, Manolopoulos KN, Dennis AL, Cheeseman J, Karpe F, Frayn KN Gluteofemoral adipose tissue (AT) has interesting positive associations with metabolic health, yet little is known of its metabolic physiology. Here, we describe a technique for cannulation of a vein draining the femoral fat depot. Using ultrasound guidance, a cannula was introduced into a superficial branch of the great saphenous vein. We also obtained arterialized blood and, for comparison, blood representing drainage from forearm muscle and from subcutaneous abdominal AT. We measured appropriate biomarkers of skeletal muscle (creatinine) and AT (nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glycerol, leptin) drainage. Blood obtained in this way from the saphenous vein did not show creatinine release (creatinine con... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154043 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154042&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salihu HM, Alio AP, Belogolovkin V, Aliyu MH, Wilson RE, Reddy UM, Bruder K, Whiteman VE We sought to estimate the impact of prepregnancy obesity on demise of one or both fetuses in twin gestations. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Missouri maternally linked cohort files (years 1989-2005). Prepregnancy obesity was defined as a BMI >/=30. Outcomes of interest were stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death at >/=20 weeks' gestation) and demise of one (partial loss) or both (complete loss) fetuses, regardless of the cause. We used Cox Proportional Hazards with correction for intracluster correlation to obtain risk estimates. The overall stillbirth rate for twin gestations was 15.5/1,000 (18.4/1,000 vs. 14.5/1,000 in obese and normal weight mothers, respectivel... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154042 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154041&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verdejo-García A, Pérez-Expósito M, Schmidt-Río-Valle J, Fernández-Serrano MJ, Cruz F, Pérez-García M, López-Belmonte G, Martín-Matillas M, Martín-Lagos JA, Marcos A, Campoy C Increasing evidence underscores overlapping neurobiological pathways to addiction and obesity. In both conditions, reward processing of preferred stimuli is enhanced, whereas the executive control system that would normally regulate reward-driven responses is altered. This abnormal interaction can be greater in adolescence, a period characterized by relative immaturity of executive control systems coupled with the relative maturity of reward processing systems. The aim of this study is to explore neuropsychological performance of adolescents with excess w... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154041 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154040&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mestek ML, Westby CM, Van Guilder GP, Greiner JJ, Stauffer BL, Desouza CA Lifestyle modification in the form of weight reduction by caloric restriction alone or in combination with regular aerobic exercise significantly improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in overweight and obese adults. We determined whether regular aerobic exercise, independent of weight loss, improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in overweight and obese adults. Twenty overweight and obese adults (age 53 +/- 1 years; BMI: 30.2 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)) were studied before and after a 3-month aerobic exercise training intervention. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses were determined (via plethysmography) in response to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. There were no changes... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154040 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154039&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057378%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the relationships among weight status (BMI), health perceptions, and psychosocial characteristics in children, parents, and parent-child dyads. A convenient sample of 114 parent-child dyads participated. All children were overweight or obese. Parents and children completed questionnaires by self-report or interview. Questionnaires included the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI), the Parents' Stage of Change (SOC) Questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Child's mean age was 10.34 years (s.d. = 1.87), mean BMI was 28.13 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 5.46), and mean BMI z-score was 2.17 (s.d. = 0.38). Parent mean age was 37.28 years (s.d. = 12.66) and mean BMI was 34.07 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 8.18). Most parents (68.5%) reported that they and their children (7... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154039 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3154039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122704&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035273%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to evaluate the left ventricular synchronicity in these patients. Tissue Doppler imaging was performed in 126 hypertensive patients and 25 control subjects. The hypertensive patients were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal weight group (BMI <25 kg/m(2), n = 32, H-NW group), overweight group (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2), n = 64, H-OW group), and obese group (BMI >/=30 kg/m(2), n = 30, H-OB group). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic synchronicity were determined by measuring the maximal differences in time to peak myocardial systolic contraction (T(s)-diff) and early diastolic relaxation (T(e)-diff) between any two of the left ventricular segments and the standard deviation of time to peak myocardial systolic contraction (T(s)-SD) and early diastoli... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122704 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122703&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035274%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that reducing PS of a particular item in an all-you-can-eat environment results in reduced intake of that food for most individuals, and that reducing PS reduces PW and food production. PMID: 20035274 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122703 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122702&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035275%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study brought new insights into obesity because the study demonstrated for the first time that reduced energy expenditure and oxygen consumption may provide novel risk factors of obesity-induced reduced energy generation for myocardial contractile function. The results serve to highlight the role of calorimetric changes as novel biomarkers of risk to obesity-induced cardiac effects. PMID: 20035275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122702 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122701&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kotsopoulos J, Baer HJ, Tworoger SS Epidemiologic evaluations of the relationship between anthropometry and ovarian cancer risk have not been conclusive. Using data collected from two large cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII, we prospectively evaluated the association between waist and hip circumference, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and BMI with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. Women completed biennial questionnaires assessing ovarian cancer risk factors beginning in 1976 (NHS) and 1989 (NHSII). For the WHR and BMI analyses, 333 and 862 confirmed cases were identified, respectively, through 1 June 2006 (NHS) and 1 June 2005 (NHSII). WHR and waist circumference were not associated with risk (P-trend = 0.63 and 0.65, respectively). There was evidence for a decr... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122701 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122700&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035277%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang T, Si Y, Shirihai OS, Si H, Schultz V, Corkey RF, Hu L, Deeney JT, Guo W, Corkey BE It is a desirable goal to stimulate fuel oxidation in adipocytes and shift the balance toward less fuel storage and more burning. To understand this regulatory process, respiration was measured in primary rat adipocytes, mitochondria, and fat-fed mice. Maximum O(2) consumption, in vitro, was determined with a chemical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)). The adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio was measured by luminescence. Mitochondria were localized by confocal microscopy with MitoTracker Green and their membrane potential (Deltapsi(M)) measured using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate (TMRE).... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122700 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122699&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035278%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined obesity incidence, persistence, and reversal in a nationally representative cohort of US teens followed into their early 30s, using measured height and weight data, in individuals enrolled in wave II (1996; 12-21 years), wave III (2001; 17-26 years), and wave IV (2008 early release data; 24-32 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 8,675). Obesity was defined as a BMI >/=95th percentile of the 2000 Centers for Disease Control/National Center for Health Statistics growth charts or >/=30 kg/m(2) for individuals <20 years and >/=30 kg/m(2) in individuals >/=20 years. In 1996, 13.3% of adolescents were obese. By 2008, obesity prevalence increased to 36.1%, and was highest among non-Hispanic black females (54.8%). Ninety percent of the obe... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122699 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122698&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035279%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to determine whether the circulating levels of these adipokines were increased in obesity and to identify the responsible factors. A cross-sectional study including 32 lean (BMI (kg/m(2)) <25), 15 overweight (BMI: 25-29.9), 11 obese (BMI: 30-39.9), and 17 severely obese (BMI >40) age-matched women was carried out. Serum adipokine levels, insulin sensitivity, and substrate oxidation were measured by ELISA, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Circulating levels of GRO-alpha, TPO, and TIMP-1 were higher in obese and/or severely obese women than in lean ones (+30, 55, and 20%, respectively). Serum levels of these adipokines positively correlated with insulinemia or glycemia, and negatively with insulin sensitivity. ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122698 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122697&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035280%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, adolescent obesity is associated with lower likelihood of college completion. This relationship was not observed in an older cohort of adolescents. PMID: 20035280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122697 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122696&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035281%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sommer G, Kralisch S, Kloting N, Kamprad M, Schrock K, Kratzsch J, Tonjes A, Lossner U, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M Visfatin is a proinflammatory and potentially insulin-mimetic adipokine contributing to whole body glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as atherosclerosis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is an adipocyte-secreted protein which might play a crucial role in metabolic and vascular disease. MCP-1 expression and secretion after visfatin treatment were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in fully differentiated human mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes (hMSC-Ads) in vitro. In addition, circulating levels of MCP-1 and visfatin were quantified by ELISA in 60 patients (30 nondiab... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122696 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122695&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035282%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, greater insulin sensitivity may predispose to adiposity among weight reduced women, an effect that may be ameliorated by a lower GL diet. The potential association between indexes of glucose disposal and changes in fat distribution warrants further study. PMID: 20035282 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122695 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122694&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035283%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to examine predictors of moderate (1-10 pounds) and high (>10 pounds) postpartum weight retention using data from a prospective pregnancy cohort that followed women into the postpartum period; n = 688 and 550 women at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Analysis included descriptive statistics and predictive modeling using log-binomial techniques. The average weight retained at 3 and 12 months postpartum in this population was 9.4 lb (s.d. = 11.4) and 5.7 lb (s.d. = 13.2), respectively. At 3 months postpartum, prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, and hours slept during the night were associated with moderate or high weight retention, whereas having an infant hospitalized after going home and scoring in the upper 75th percentile of the Eating Attitudes... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122694 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122693&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035284%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, LAP and not BMI predicted mortality in nondiabetic patients at high risk for cardiovascular diseases. LAP may become a useful tool in clinical practice to stratify the risk of unfavorable outcome associated with obesity. PMID: 20035284 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122693 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122692&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035285%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perreault L, Bergman BC, Hunerdosse DM, Playdon MC, Eckel RH Whether intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) concentration or flux is more important in the progression to type 2 diabetes is controversial. Therefore, this study examined IMTG concentration, as well as its fractional synthesis rate (FSR), in obese people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 20) vs. obese people with prediabetes (PD; n = 19), at rest and during exercise. Insulin action and secretion were assessed using an intravenous glucose tolerance test. [U-(13)C]palmitate was infused for 4 h before and throughout 1.5 h of treadmill walking at 50% VO(2(max)). IMTG concentration was measured by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, and FSR by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometer, from muscle... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122692 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105663&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019675%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the feasibility of using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to examine important domains relevant to interregulatory health processes in overweight adolescent females in their natural environments. Participants were 20 overweight adolescent females engaged in a cognitive-behavioral and motivational interviewing intervention aimed at weight loss and improving mood (11-19 years old, 80% white, 15% African American, mean BMI = 39). During this EMA protocol, participants were asked to report their physical activity (PA), nutrition, mood, and sleep during 14 cellular phone calls over three extended weekends (Thursday to Monday). Simultaneously, participants wore an actigraph (armband and watch communicator) that provided instantaneous PA feedback (steps taken and kilocalo... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105663 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105662&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferrante JM, Fyffe DC, Vega ML, Piasecki AK, Ohman-Strickland PA, Crabtree BF Extremely obese women are less likely than nonobese women to receive breast and cervical cancer screening examinations. Reasons for this disparity are unclear and may stem from patient and/or physician barriers. This sequential mixed-methods study used individual in-depth interviews of 15 family physicians followed by a mail survey of 255 family physicians (53% response rate) to understand the barriers they faced in performing cancer screening examinations in extremely obese women. Barriers fell into three main areas: (i) difficulty doing pelvic and breast exams; (ii) inadequate equipment; and (iii) challenges overcoming patient barriers and refusal. This led some physicians to avoid performing breas... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105662 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105661&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019677%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iqbal N, Vetter ML, Moore RH, Chittams JL, Dalton-Bakes CV, Dowd M, Williams-Smith C, Cardillo S, Wadden TA Low-carbohydrate diets have been associated with significant reductions in weight and HbA(1c) in obese, diabetic participants who received high-intensity lifestyle modification for 6 or 12 months. This investigation sought to determine whether comparable results to those of short-term, intensive interventions could be achieved over a 24-month study period using a low-intensity intervention that approximates what is feasible in outpatient practice. A total of 144 obese, diabetic participants were randomly assigned to a low-carbohydrate diet (<30 g/day) or to a low fat diet (</=30% of calories from fat with a deficit of 500 kcal/day). Participants were provided weekl... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105661 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105660&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samaras K, Botelho NK, Chisholm DJ, Lord RV Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is predicted by central obesity and circulating adipokines regulating inflammation. We hypothesized that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in T2D expresses greater levels of proinflammatory molecules. Paired samples of subcutaneous (SAT) and VAT were excised at elective surgery (n = 16, 6 with T2D, n = 8 age- and gender- matched controls). Metabolic parameters were measured in the fasted state: body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and insulin action by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue mRNA gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Subjects with T2D had higher VAT expression of molecules regulating inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFal... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105660 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105659&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019679%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to provide such evidence. Longitudinal studies over 5 years were conducted among 5,515 Europid and 2,214 ethnically South Asian participants. Age-standardized diabetes incidence at different levels of waist circumference and incidence difference relative to a reference value were calculated. The Youden Index was used to determine waist circumference cut-points. At currently recommended cut-points, estimated annual diabetes incidence for a 50-year-old Europid was <0.6% for both sexes, and for a 50-year-old South Asian, 5.8% for men and 2.1% for women. Annual diabetes incidence of 1% was observed for a 50 year old at a waist circumference 35-40 cm greater in Europid compared to South Asian men and women. Incidence difference between recommended cut-points and a ref... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105659 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105658&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019680%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the effect of using medical assistants (MAs) as weight loss counselors. The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in two primary care offices at an academic medical center. Patients (n = 50) had a BMI of 27-50 kg/m(2) and no contraindications to weight loss. They were randomized to quarterly PCP visits and weight loss materials (Control group) or to the same approach combined with eight visits with a MA over 6 months (Brief Counseling). Outcomes included change in weight and cardiovascular risk factors (glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and waist circumference). Patients in the Brief Counseling and Control groups lost 4.4 +/- 0.6 kg (5.1 +/- 0.7% of initial weight) and 0.9 +/- 0.6 kg (1.0 +/- 0.7%), respectively, at month 6 (P < 0.001). There were no sign... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105658 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105657&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019681%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tests the hypothesis that a high-fat postnatal diet increases fat mass and reduces improved insulin sensitivity (IS) found in the low-protein model of maternal undernutrition. Offspring from Wistar dams fed either a 20% (control (CON)) or 8% (low protein (LP)) protein diet during gestation and lactation were randomly assigned to a control (con) or cafeteria (caf) diet at weaning (21 days) until 3 months of age at which point IS was measured (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Fat mass, growth, energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE), fuel utilization, insulin secretion, and leptin and adiponectin levels were measured to identify a possible role in any changes in IS. IS was increased in LP-con in comparison to CON-con animals. Cafeteria feeding prevented this increase in LP anim... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105657 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105656&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clarys JP, Scafoglieri A, Provyn S, Louis O, Wallace JA, De Mey J PMID: 20019682 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105656 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105655&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ugi S, Nishio Y, Yamamoto H, Ikeda K, Kobayashi M, Tsukada S, Kondo M, Morino K, Obata T, Yoshizaki T, Uzu T, Naitoh H, Tani T, Maeda S, Kashiwagi A, Maegawa H To determine the potential role of the transcriptional factor-activating enhancer-binding protein-2beta (TFAP2B) in the regulation of expression of adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vivo, we quantified the mRNA expression levels of these adipokines and TFAP2B in visceral (omental) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues of 66 individuals with variable degree of adiposity and studied their correlations with BMI and their plasma concentrations. We found that BMI correlated negatively with plasma adiponectin levels and positively with those of leptin. Adiponection mRNA expression in subcutaneo... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105655 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105654&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marotta T, Russo BF, Ferrara LA Insulin resistance increases cardiovascular risk of obese patients. Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL) >/=3.0 (in mg/dl) is a marker of insulin resistance in overweight persons. We aimed at assessing cardiovascular risk profile in 301 overweight elderly Neapolitan outpatients, according to TG/HDL ratio and metabolic syndrome (MS), diagnosed by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. TG/HDL ratio was >/=3.0 in 97 patients (group A) and <3.0 in 204 (group B). Overall, 93-97% of group A patients and 38-51% of group B patients had MS, depending on the diagnostic criterion. Group A patients with MS had significantly higher waist-to-hip ratio, total a... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105654 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105653&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20019685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barra NG, Reid S, Mackenzie R, Werstuck G, Trigatti BL, Richards C, Holloway AC, Ashkar AA An alarming global rise in the prevalence of obesity and its contribution to the development of chronic diseases is a serious health concern. Recently, obesity has been described as a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition, influenced by both adipose tissue and immune cells suggesting proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in its etiology. Here we examined the effects of interleukin-15 (IL-15) on adipose tissue and its association with obesity. Over expression of IL-15 (IL-15tg) was associated with lean body condition whereas lack of IL-15 (IL-15(-/-)) results in significant increase in weight gain without altering appetite. Interestingly, there were no differences in proinflammator... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105653 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061757&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19960000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foucan L, Ezourhi N, Maimaitiming S, Hedreville S, Inamo J, Atallah A, Bangou-Bredent J, Aubert R, Chout R, Fumeron F, Donnet JP, Marre M Ethnic differences may affect the association of adiponectin (Ad) multimers with coronary artery disease (CAD). We analyzed the associations of total Ad, Ad multimers, and T45G polymorphism of ADIPOQ gene with pre-existing CAD. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 216 Afro-Caribbean type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. Levels of total Ad, high molecular weight (HMW), middle molecular weight (MMW), and low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms were measured. Subjects were genotyped. Of the subjects studied, 57 had pre-existing CAD, 77% of whom have had myocardial infarction. Subjects with CAD had lower Ad levels (total and multimers) and a higher f... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061757 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3061757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061756&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19960001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Odunsi ST, Vázquez-Roque MI, Camilleri M, Papathanasopoulos A, Clark MM, Wodrich L, Lempke M, McKinzie S, Ryks M, Burton D, Zinsmeister AR Lack of control of food intake, excess size, and frequency of meals are critical to the development of obesity. The stomach signals satiation postprandially and may play an important role in control of calorie intake. Sodium alginate (based on brown seaweed Laminaria digitata) is currently marketed as a weight loss supplement, but its effects on gastric motor functions and satiation are unknown. We evaluated effects of 10 days treatment with alginate or placebo on gastric functions, satiation, appetite, and gut hormones associated with satiety in overweight or obese adults. We conducted a randomized, 1:1, placebo-controlled, allocation... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061756 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3061756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061755&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19960002%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jackson AW, Lee DC, Sui X, Morrow JR, Church TS, Maslow AL, Blair SN The purpose of the study was to determine the relation between quintiles of muscular strength after adjustment for age and body weight, and excessive body fat (EBF) and excessive abdominal fat (EAF) when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other potential confounders. A two-phased cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted assessing the prevalence and incidence of EBF and EAF across quintiles of muscular strength. The sample included 3,258 men (mean age = 42.2 +/- 8.9; weight (kg) = 81.2 +/- 11.0; BMI = 25.3 +/- 2.9; %fat = 19.4 +/- 5.8; waist girth (cm) = 91.2 +/- 9.0) who completed at least two clinical examinations as part of the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). Muscular... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061755 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3061755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061754&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19960003%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, in vivo cross-calibration is important to ensure comparability of regional body composition data between scanners, especially for truncal fat mass and for subjects with higher BMI. PMID: 19960003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061754 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3061754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015873&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ross R, Després JP The metabolic syndrome, a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, which include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, an atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic profile, and inflammation is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (1), cardiovascular disease (2), and mortality (3). The prevalence of individuals with these clustering abnormalities has been steadily increasing over the past two decades, is now estimated to affect at least a quarter of the US population, and is particularly prevalent among older adults (4). Similarly, abdominal obesity, as crudely estimated by an elevated waist circumference, is the most prevalent manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and affects 36% of men and 52% of women, acco... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015873 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:29 +0100 3015873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015872&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frøsig C, Richter EA After a single bout of exercise, the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake is markedly improved locally in the previously active muscles. This makes exercise a potent stimulus counteracting insulin resistance characterizing type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is believed that at least part of the mechanism relates to an improved ability of insulin to stimulate translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT4) to the muscle membrane after exercise. How this is accomplished is still unclear; however, an obvious possibility is that exercise interacts with the insulin signaling pathway to GLUT4 translocation allowing for a more potent insulin response. Parallel to unraveling of the insulin signaling cascade, this has been investigated within the past 25 years.... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015872 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:26 +0100 3015872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015871&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kraus WE, Slentz CA Lipids are a strong mediator of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk. Although the effects of exercise to improve high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and serum triglycerides (TGs) have been known for some time, the effects of different amounts and intensities of exercise on fasting and postprandial serum lipids are little understood. Normal lipid physiology is perturbed in insulin resistant states, where inhibition of lipolysis is impaired, particularly in the postprandial period when excursions in insulin and serum TGs are particularly high. In our STRRIDE (Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise) study, three important metabolic cardiovascular risk-related variables were improved more by moderate intens... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015871 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:23 +0100 3015871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015870&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slentz CA, Houmard JA, Kraus WE The obese are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, some who are obese have no metabolic abnormalities. So, it is not adipose tissue per se, but perhaps where it is located that is important for determining metabolic consequences. Regular exercise is known to reduce risk for metabolic disease through numerous mechanisms. The purpose of this report is to highlight some of the efficacy-based data on the effects of exercise (and also a sedentary lifestyle) on abdominal obesity, visceral fat, and metabolic risk. We also discuss how impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in skeletal muscle may be related to both insulin resistance and a contributor to weight gain. In summary, it is evident that exercise in sufficient... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015870 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:20 +0100 3015870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015869&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Janiszewski PM, Ross R Major health organizations promote the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, composed of sufficient daily physical activity and a balanced diet for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease risk. In particular, it is recommended that adults accumulate 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity on most days of the week. Despite these recommendations, a physically active lifestyle is seldom adopted, and the majority of the North American population remains sedentary. Although the optimal strategy for promoting physical activity in today's environment remains elusive, the evidence for the utility of physical activity in the management of risk factors for T2D and cardiovascular disease is overwhelming. This revi... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015869 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:18 +0100 3015869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015868&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jakicic JM There is evidence to support that low fitness and physical activity, excess body weight, and excess abdominal fatness are associated with increased health risk. Moreover, evidence exists to support that sufficient levels of physical activity can significantly improve body weight, fatness, and health risk. Physical activity has been shown to have a modest effect on body weight that is typically <3% of initial body weight, but has an additive effect when combined with dietary restriction. Moreover, physical activity has been shown to be an important behavioral factor for enhancing long-term weight loss and minimizing weight regain; however, this may require relatively high doses of physical activity that approach 300 min/week. Physical activity may concurrently red... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015868 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:15 +0100 3015868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015867&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927145%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Church T Higher levels of fitness are associated with reduced risk of a wide variety of illnesses and chronic conditions. For cardiovascular disease (CVD) and many metabolic conditions, the fitness-morbidity/mortality curve is not linear but curvilinear, with lower levels of fitness being associated with significantly higher levels of risk compared to moderate and high levels of fitness. We have a very poor understanding of what the low fit phenotype represents as it is clearly more than just low physical activity levels. For example, there are likely some metabolic disadvantaged individuals with intrinsically low fitness and low oxidative capacity that are also prone to being sedentary due to easy fatigability. For these individuals, there exists a worse case scenario of a se... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015867 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:12 +0100 3015867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015866&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Horton ES The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes throughout the world is now recognized as a major health problem. A growing segment of the population has impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which is a strong predictor of progression to type 2 diabetes. Further, 24% of Americans now meet the criteria for the metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The diabetes epidemic is associated with changes in lifestyle-most notably increased energy intake, changes in diet composition and decreased levels of physical activity-and the development of overweight and obesity. This review examines the effects of several intensive lifestyle intervention trials on the risk of diabetes and CVD among high-risk populations. Common features of... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015866 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:10 +0100 3015866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015865&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927147%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19927147 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015865 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:07 +0100 3015865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015864&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927148%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19927148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015864 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 08:42:05 +0100 3015864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015875&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927137%26dopt%3DAbstract This report assesses whether obesity is similarly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in African Americans and whites of European ancestry. Cross-sectional observational data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) were compared. This analysis uses participants aged 35-74 years with BMI >18.5 kg/m(2), and free of prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), from the initial JHS clinical examination (2000-2004) and the FHS Offspring (1998-2001) and Third Generation (2002-2005) cohorts. Participants were evaluated for the presence of lipid abnormalities, hypertension, and diabetes. Overall, 4,030 JHS (mean age 54 years, 64% women) and 5,245 FHS (mean age 51 years, 54% women) participants were available for analysis. The prevalence of all risk factors ex... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015875 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015874&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19927138%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sargis RM, Johnson DN, Choudhury RA, Brady MJ The burgeoning obesity and diabetes epidemics threaten health worldwide, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are incompletely understood. Recently, attention has focused on the potential contributions of environmental pollutants that act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Because glucocorticoid signaling is central to adipocyte differentiation, the ability of EDCs to stimulate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and drive adipogenesis was assessed in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Various EDCs were screened for glucocorticoid-like activity using a luciferase reporter construct, and four (bisphenol A (BPA), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), endrin, and tolylfluanid (TF)) were sho... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015874 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002624&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910933%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate body perception and the associated level of dissatisfaction among obese patients. Twenty patients from each category of obese, severely obese, and normal weight individuals had their pictures enlarged or thinned using a computer program to manipulate photographs taken from the front, profile angle, and back. The pictures were shown to patients to represent both the way they thought they appeared and the way they would like to appear. Our results show that severely obese patients correctly perceived themselves as being more corpulent than obese patients, who in turn correctly perceived themselves as being more corpulent than normal weight females. These results remained stable regardless of whether the pictures were taken from the front, profil... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002624 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002623&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910934%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, there is much room to improve PCPs' knowledge of obesity and AAP guidelines. Although PCPs rate fast-food consumption, TV viewing, and lack of exercise as important treatment barriers, many never discussed these topics during the first year. PMID: 19910934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002623 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002622&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910935%26dopt%3DAbstract This study proposes that such relationships are likely to differ along the conditional BMI distribution, and seeks to investigate such quantile-dependent variation in effects. Special attention is paid to how variables affect the upper tail of the conditional BMI distribution where overweight and obesity concerns are more acute. Quantile regressions (QRs) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are estimated. The sample consists of 3,407 adult individuals aged 20-45 who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 2006. Substantial cross quantile variation is observed in the relationships between several key variables and BMI. The QR shows that the relationship between energy intake and BMI is largely insignificant in the lower and middle quantiles, whereas the upper ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002622 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002621&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng YC, Kao WH, Mitchell BD, Sharrett AR, Ryan KA, Vogel RA, Shuldiner AR, Pollin TI Circulating levels of inflammatory markers predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), mediated perhaps in part by dietary fat intake, through mechanisms only partially understood. To evaluate post-fat load changes in inflammatory markers and genetic influences on these changes, we administered a standardized high-fat meal to 838 related Amish subjects as part of the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study and measured a panel of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 (MMP-1 and MMP-9), and white blood cell (WBC) count, before and 4 h after fat challenge (CRP prechallenge only). Heritabili... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002621 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002619&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McLaughlin TM, Liu T, Yee G, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Reaven G, Tsao P, Cushman S, Sherman A Rodent and in vitro studies suggest that thiazolidinediones promote adipogenesis but there are few studies in humans to corroborate these findings. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pioglitazone stimulates adipogenesis in vivo and whether this process relates to improved insulin sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, 12 overweight/obese nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals underwent biopsy of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue at baseline and after 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment. Cell size distribution was determined via the Multisizer technique. Insulin sensitivity was quantified at baseline and postpioglitazone by the modified insulin suppression test. Regi... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002619 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002618&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910938%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haupt A, Thamer C, Heni M, Machicao F, Machann J, Schick F, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Staiger H A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies has identified six new risk-loci for common obesity. We studied whether these risk loci influence the distribution of body fat depots. We genotyped 1,469 nondiabetic subjects for the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) TMEM18 rs6548238, KCTD15 rs11084753, GNPDA2 rs10938397, SH2B1 rs7498665, MTCH2 rs10838738, and NEGR1 rs2815752. We assessed BMI, waist circumference, total body fat, and lean body mass (bioimpedance). All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for estimation of insulin sensitivity. In 332 subjects, we measured total adipose tissue (TAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), nonviscera... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002618 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002617&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jelinek D, Heidenreich RA, Erickson RP, Garver WS A recent genome-wide association study has determined that the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) gene is associated with early-onset and morbid adult obesity. However, what effects of the nonsynonymous variation in NPC1 on protein function result in weight gain remains unknown. The NPC1 heterozygous mouse model (Npc1(+/-)), which expresses one-half the normal amounts of functional Npc1 protein compared to the homozygous normal (Npc1(+/+)) mouse, was used to determine whether decreased Npc1 gene dosage was associated with weight gain when fed either a low-fat (10% kcal fat) or high-fat (45% kcal fat) diet beginning at 4 weeks of age until 20 weeks of age. The results indicated that Npc1(+/-) mice had significantly increased weight gain beg... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002617 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002616&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910940%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuk JL, Church TS, Blair SN, Ross R The associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and metabolic risk may be influenced by measurement site. The aim of this study was to compare the strength of the associations between VAT and ASAT, as assessed by a cross-sectional image (area) or total volume, and prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS). We also examined the association between changes in abdominal AT area and volume with concomitant changes in metabolic risk. Abdominal AT volume and areas were derived using ~35 continuous computed tomography (CT) images from T10-T11 to L5-S1 in overweight or obese postmenopausal women before (n = 67) and after (n = 39) a 6-month exercise intervention. At baseline, measurement site did not ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002616 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002615&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910941%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we fine-map QTLs first identified in the F(2) and F(2/3) populations in the combined F(9/10) advanced intercross generations. We observed significantly narrowed QTL confidence regions, identified many single QTL that resolve into multiple QTL peaks, and identified new QTLs that may have been previously masked due to opposite gene effects at closely linked loci. We also present further characterization of the pleiotropic and epistatic interactions underlying these obesity-related traits. PMID: 19910941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002615 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002614&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brennan AM, Sweeney LL, Liu X, Mantzoros CS Obesity and diabetes have been associated with increased consumption of highly processed foods, and reduced consumption of whole grains and nuts. It has been proposed, mainly on the basis of observational studies, that nuts may provide superior satiation, may lead to reduced calorie consumption, and may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes; but evidence from randomized, interventional studies is lacking. A total of 20 men and women with the metabolic syndrome participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of walnut consumption. Subjects had two 4-day admissions to the clinical research center where they were fed an isocaloric diet. In addition, they consumed shakes for breakfast containing either walnuts or placebo (shak... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002614 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002613&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Jonge L, Moreira EA, Martin CK, Ravussin E, Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximum lifespan but the mechanisms are unclear. Dominance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) over the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) has been shown to be a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity and aging are associated with increased SNS activity, and weight loss and/or exercise seem to have positive effects on this balance. We therefore evaluated the effect of different approaches of CR on autonomic function in 28 overweight individuals participating in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial. Participants were randomized to either control, CR: 25% decrease in energy intake, CREX: 12.5% CR + 12.5% increase in en... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002613 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968314&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893500%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bokor S, Legry V, Meirhaeghe A, Ruiz JR, Mauro B, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Amouyel P, Moreno LA, Molnàr D, Dallongeville J, CD36 is a membrane receptor with a wide variety of functions, including the regulation of energy metabolism, fat storage, and adipocyte differentiation. To assess the relationship between CD36 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in adolescents, we evaluated the relationship between CD36 SNPs and the risk of obesity in a case-control study composed of 307 obese (age = 15.0 +/- 1.1 years) and 339 normal-weight adolescents (age = 14.6 +/- 1.1 years). To validate the results, we assessed the relation between the same SNPs and percentage of body fat (BF%) and BMI in 1,151 European adolescents (age = 14.8 +/- 1.4 years). SNPs with a minor ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968314 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968313&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893501%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine the timing and magnitude of sex differences in regional adiposity from early childhood to young adulthood. Regional fat distribution was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (trunk and extremity fat using automatic default regions and waist and hip fat using manual analysis) in 1,009 predominantly white participants aged 5-29 years. Subjects were divided into pre (Tanner stage 1), early (Tanner stages 2-3), late (Tanner stages 4-5), and post (males >/=20 years and females >/=18 years) pubertal groups. Sexual dimorphism in trunk fat (adjusted for extremity fat) was not apparent until late puberty, when females exhibited 17% less (P < 0.001) trunk fat than males. By contrast, sex differences in waist fat (adjusted for hip fat) ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968313 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968312&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893502%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morandi A, Maffeis C, Lobbens S, Bouatia-Naji N, Heude B, Pinelli L, Meyre D, Froguel P Minor allele A of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 11391 G/A of ADIPOQ gene (rs17300539) has been consistently associated with higher adiponectin levels in adults and children. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic role of this variant in a large cohort of children of European origin. A total of 1,852 children from two general populations in Verona and in Fleurbaix-Laventie and from the Lille childhood obesity cohort, were genotyped and pooled together after checking for the absence of genetic heterogeneity for rs17300539 between Italian and French children. The genotype of rs17300539 was studied in relation to circulating adiponectin levels, BMI, fasting plasma glucose... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968312 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968311&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893503%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, functional impairment is associated with obesity, primarily due to medical comorbidity conditions. The significant residual association highlights the importance of sustainable obesity prevention and treatment at both the individual and public level as functional impairment can create burdens at individual, familial, and societal levels. PMID: 19893503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968311 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968310&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893504%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to assess from a societal perspective the cost-effectiveness of the Active After-school Communities (AASC) program, a key plank of the former Australian Government's obesity prevention program. The intervention was modeled for a 1-year time horizon for Australian primary school children as part of the Assessing Cost-Effectiveness in Obesity (ACE-Obesity) project. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) benefits (based on calculated effects on BMI post-intervention) and cost-offsets (consequent savings from reductions in obesity-related diseases) were tracked until the cohort reached the age of 100 years or death. The reference year was 2001, and a 3% discount rate was applied. Simulation-modeling techniques were used to present a 95% uncertainty interval around... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968310 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968309&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893505%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the effects of whey protein supplementation on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers compared to casein and glucose (control) supplementation in overweight/obese individuals. The subjects were randomized to either whey protein, casein or glucose supplementation for 12 weeks according to a parallel design. In all, 70 men and women with a mean (+/-s.e.m.) BMI (kg/m(2)) of 31.3 +/- 0.8 completed the study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased significantly at week 6 compared to baseline in the whey and casein groups, (P = 0.028 and P = 0.020, respectively) and at week 12 (P = 0.020, and P = 0.017, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased significantly compared to baseline in the whey and casein groups (P = 0.038 and P = 0.042, respec... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968309 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968308&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19893506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shea JL, Loredo-Osti JC, Sun G Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a novel adipokine that likely contributes to systemic insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The role of genetic variations in RBP4 on phenotypes of glucose and lipid metabolism is not clear in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RBP4 gene to determine their relationship with markers of insulin resistance and serum lipids in the CODING Study. The CODING Study consists of 1,836 subjects recruited from the genetically homogeneous population of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Serum glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)), HOMA for beta cell function (HOMA(beta)), total cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipo... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968308 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935706&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans JM PMID: 19859056 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935706 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:12:14 +0100 2935706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935705&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burgueño AL, Sookoian S, Gianotti TF, Gemma C, Pirola CJ PMID: 19859057 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935705 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:12:12 +0100 2935705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935704&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859058%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B PMID: 19859058 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935704 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:12:10 +0100 2935704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935703&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859059%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kales SN, Tsismenakis AJ PMID: 19859059 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935703 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:12:07 +0100 2935703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935702&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: West DS, Prewitt TE, Bursac Z, Felix HC PMID: 19859060 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935702 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:12:05 +0100 2935702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924301&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johansson A, Marroni F, Hayward C, Franklin CS, Kirichenko AV, Jonasson I, Hicks AA, Vitart V, Isaacs A, Axenovich T, Campbell S, Floyd J, Hastie N, Knott S, Lauc G, Pichler I, Rotim K, Wild SH, Zorkoltseva IV, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Campbell H, Pattaro C, Pramstaller P, Oostra BA, Wright AF, van Duijn CM, Aulchenko YS, Gyllensten U, As major risk-factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits has been of interest for decades. Recently, a limited number of common genetic variants, which have replicated in different populations, have been identified. One approach to increase the statistical power in genetic mapping studies is to focus on populations with increased levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and reduced genetic diver... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924301 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924300&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851300%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined weight status during adolescence and young adulthood, and young adult health condition diagnosis. Data are from 10,439 African-American, Hispanic, and white men and women participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health during Waves 1 (adolescence: ages 12-19) and 3 (young adulthood: ages 19-26). Categories were created differentiating individuals based on their weight status during adolescence and young adulthood: (i) obese during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e., continuously obese), (ii) obese during adolescence only, (iii) obese during young adulthood only, and (iv) never obese. Multilevel random intercept regression models were used to examine the impact of obesity category, sex, and race/ethnicity on young adult asthma, diabetes, high cho... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924300 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924299&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Claudio M, Leonardo P, Paolo B, Claudia B, Laura V, Daniela U, Stefania DC, Bruna C, Anita M A timely diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is desirable in obesity. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the gold standard to diagnose this condition, may not be realistically performed in all patients due to discomfort, labor, and cost. The aim of this study was to assess whether one or more biochemical indexes measured in fasting conditions could be used to identify obese children at risk of IGT. A cohort of 563 white obese children and adolescents (M/F: 315/248; aged 4-17 years) was recruited and underwent anthropometric evaluation and OGTT. Anthropometric parameters, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), and homeostasis model assessment of insuli... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924299 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924298&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851302%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study shows variations in body composition and metabolic profile based on the methods studied to define the MHO phenotype. Therefore, an expert consensus may be needed to standardize the identification of MHO individuals. PMID: 19851302 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity) Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924298 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924297&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Munkhtulga L, Nagashima S, Nakayama K, Utsumi N, Yanagisawa Y, Gotoh T, Omi T, Kumada M, Zolzaya K, Lkhagvasuren T, Kagawa Y, Fujiwara H, Hosoya Y, Hyodo M, Horie H, Kojima M, Ishibashi S, Iwamoto S Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a recently identified adipokine that was involved in insulin resistance. RBP4 is predominantly expressed from the liver in normal metabolic state to transport retinoids throughout the body, but the exact physiological function and the regulatory mechanisms of adipocyte-derived RBP4 have not been revealed. We conducted the genetic analysis about metabolic parameters in Japanese and Mongolian; the minor allele carriers of regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP -803G>A) showed significantly higher BMI in Japanese men (P = 0.009) and women... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924297 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924296&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ledoux S, Coupaye M, Essig M, Msika S, Roy C, Queguiner I, Clerici C, Larger E It is well established that fat distribution rather than the total quantity of fat is the major determinant of cardiovascular risk in overweight subjects. However, it is not known whether the concept of fat distribution still makes sense in severely obese subjects. Particularly, the role of visceral fat accumulation and/or of adipocyte hypertrophy in insulin resistance (IR) has not been studied in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the determinants of metabolic disorders in severely obese women. We performed a cross-sectional study in 237 severely obese women (BMI >35 kg/m(2)). We assessed total body fat mass and fat distribution by anthropometric measurements (BMI a... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924296 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924295&cid=s_36416_164_f&fid=36416&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barthomeuf L, Rousset S, Droit-Volet S The aim of this study was to investigate whether the eating desire would be lower in the presence of facial expression of an obese than of a normal-weight eater in participants who were or not themselves obese. Normal-weight and obese participants assessed their desire to eat liked and disliked foods. These foods were presented alone and with a normal-weight and obese eater expressing pleasure, disgust, or neutrality. Results showed that, compared with a normal-weight eater, perceiving an obese eater decreased the viewer's desire to eat, whatever his/her facial expression. Thus, pleasant faces of normal weight but not of obese eaters increased the eating desire. Furthermore, the influence of eater's facial expressions did not differ as a ... Obesity journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924295 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2924295