MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Paediatric Drugs' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 01:09:39 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520715&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22136276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Curran MP Abstract Everolimus is an orally administered inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Everolimus (starting dosage 3.0 mg/m2) was associated with a significant reduction in the volume of the largest subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in 28 patients aged ≥3 years with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in a phase II trial (C2485). At 6 months, 32% of patients treated with everolimus had a ≥50% reduction in the volume of their largest SEGA lesion (assessed via an independent central radiology review); 75% had a ≥30% reduction. No patients developed new lesions. During the extension phase of this trial (median duration 34 months), the reduction in SEGA volume was maintained, with no everolimus recipient requiring surgery or other therapy ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520715 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:13:34 +0100 5520715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520714&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22145781%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Drug exposure during pregnancy, including drugs with recognized potential pregnancy risk, was high in this rural area of southern Africa. The association of stillbirths with drug exposure might be a consequence of the disease that led to drug administration, although a direct causality of the drugs cannot be excluded. These findings emphasize the need for reinforcing pharmacovigilance systems in rural Africa, especially, or at least, in pregnant women. PMID: 22145781 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520714 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:13:25 +0100 5520714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520713&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22149548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Broughton T, Armon K Abstract Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune disease of childhood requiring treatment with immune modulation therapy. It runs a relapsing and remitting course, with approximately half of affected children continuing with active disease into adult life. Defining clinical remission is challenging, but necessary, as it is critical in determining when potentially toxic therapy can be stopped. We found that preliminary consensus criteria for defining JIA remission are not being used in full by a representative sample of UK pediatric rheumatologists. Extending the period of remission, whilst on synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) medication, beyond 6 months does not seem to reduce the risk of relapse once medication is st... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520713 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:13:17 +0100 5520713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520712&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22149549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vutskits L Abstract Millions of human infants receive general anesthetics for surgery or diagnostic procedures every year worldwide, and there is a growing inquietude regarding the safety of these drugs for the developing brain. In fact, accumulating experimental evidence together with recent epidemiologic observations suggest that general anesthetics might exert undesirable effects on the immature nervous system. The goal of this review is to highlight basic science issues as well as to critically present experimental data and clinical observations relevant to this possibility. By acting on a plethora of ligand-gated ion channels, general anesthetics are powerful modulators of neural activity. Since even brief interference with physiologic activity patterns during critica... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520712 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:13:08 +0100 5520712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520711&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22149550%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Panetta F, Nobili V, Sartorelli MR, Papa RE, Ferretti F, Alterio A, Diamanti A Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a permanent intolerance to ingested wheat gliadins and other cereal prolamins, occurring in genetically susceptible people. Persistent elevation of serum aminotransferase activity is expression of liver damage related to CD, which occurs in two distinctive forms. The most frequent is a mild asymptomatic liver injury, with a moderate increase of serum aminotransferase activities and a mild inflammatory portal and lobular infiltrate on liver biopsy (celiac hepatitis), reversible on a gluten-free diet (GFD). More rarely, severe and progressive inflammatory liver damage, induced by an autoimmune process and identified as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), can deve... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520711 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:12:58 +0100 5520711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520710&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22149551%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoy SM, Keating GM Abstract † Adapted and reproduced from the original article published in American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 2010; 10 (5): 335-42.[1]. PMID: 22149551 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520710 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:12:49 +0100 5520710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520709&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22149552%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deeks ED Abstract † Adapted and reproduced from the original article published in BioDrugs 2010; 24 (5): 287-97.[1]. PMID: 22149552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520709 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:12:40 +0100 5520709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520708&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22149553%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duggan ST Abstract † Adapted and reproduced from the original article published in Drugs 2010; 70 (15): 1973-86. PMID: 22149553 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520708 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:12:30 +0100 5520708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520707&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22168597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deshpande AV, Caldwell PH Abstract Nocturnal enuresis, or bedwetting, is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in children. It is known to have a significant psychosocial impact on the child as well as the family. Nocturnal enuresis typically presents as failure to become dry at night after successful daytime toilet training. It can be primary or secondary (developing after being successfully dry at night for at least 6 months). Children with nocturnal enuresis may have excessive nocturnal urine production, poor sleep arousal and/or reduced bladder capacity. Alarm therapy is the recommended first-line therapy, with treatment choices being influenced by the presence or absence of the abnormalities mentioned above. Children with nocturnal enuresis may also have dayti... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520707 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385328&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21999647 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385328 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 14:01:36 +0100 5385328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385327&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999648%26dopt%3DAbstract This article was based on a presentation given at the 26th International Pediatric Association Conference of Pediatrics, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4-9 August 2010. In 2009, there were 9.4 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) globally, and, of these, approximately 1 million were pediatric cases. Drug-resistant TB makes up a relatively small proportion of new TB cases, but is much more likely in previously treated cases. Pediatric TB remains difficult to diagnose microbiologically, with the result that detection of drug-resistant TB in children is an ongoing challenge. Since children diagnosed with TB predominantly represent recently acquired TB infection, they provide an important indication of drug-resistant TB prevalence and transmission within their communities. Drug-resistant TB... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385327 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 14:00:38 +0100 5385327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364605&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El-Shabrawi MH, Kamal NM Abstract The management of children with chronic liver disease (CLD) mandates a multidisciplinary approach. CLDs can be classified into 'potentially' curable, treatable non-curable, and end-stage diseases. Goals pertaining to the management of CLDs can be divided into prevention or minimization of progressive liver damage in curable CLD by treating the primary cause; prevention or control of complications in treatable CLD; and prediction of the outcome in end-stage CLD in order to deliver definitive therapy by surgical procedures, including liver transplantation. Curative, specific therapies aimed at the primary causes of CLDs are, if possible, best considered by a pediatric hepatologist. Medical management of CLDs in children will be reviewed in t... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364605 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:06:57 +0100 5364605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364604&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999650%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El-Shabrawi MH, Kamal NM Abstract Treatment of the causes of many chronic liver diseases (CLDs) may not be possible. In this case, complications must be anticipated, prevented or at least controlled by the best available therapeutic modalities. There are three main goals for the management of portal hypertension: (i) prevention of the first episode of variceal bleeding largely by non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonists, which is not generally recommended in children; (ii) control of bleeding by using a stepwise approach from the least to most invasive strategies; (iii) and prevention of re-bleeding using bypass operations, with particular enthusiasm for the use of meso-Rex bypass in the pediatric population. Hepatic encephalopathy management also consists of three main a... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364604 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:05:08 +0100 5364604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364603&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999651%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Agrawal S, Nadel S Abstract Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) continues to be associated with high mortality and morbidity, despite advances in antimicrobial therapy. The causative organism varies with age, immune function, immunization status, and geographic region, and empiric therapy for meningitis is based on these factors. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis cause the majority of cases of ABM. Disease epidemiology is changing rapidly due to immunization practices and changing bacterial resistance patterns. Hib was the leading cause of meningitis in children prior to the introduction of an effective vaccination. In those countries where Hib vaccine is a part of the routine infant immunization schedule, Hib has now be... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364603 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:03:08 +0100 5364603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364602&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999652%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frampton JE Abstract Pediacel® is a fully liquid formulation of a diphtheria, tetanus, five-component acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine, which does not require reconstitution. Both vial and prefilled syringe presentations of Pediacel® are available for use in the EU. In active-controlled clinical trials, primary and/or booster vaccination with Pediacel® was highly immunogenic, eliciting strong and sustained serologic responses against all its component toxoids/antigens when administered according to a variety of different schedules. In particular, pivotal studies showed that Pediacel® was generally similar and/or noninferior to reconstituted pentavalent and hexavalent diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular per... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364602 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:01:28 +0100 5364602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385329&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21999612%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neubert A PMID: 21999612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385329 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199647&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888441%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Knoppert D PMID: 21888441 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199647 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:47:14 +0100 5199647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199646&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888442%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas CA Abstract Hypertensive crisis is a relatively rare event and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in adults and pediatric patients alike. Rapid, safe, and effective treatment is imperative to alleviate immediate presenting clinical symptoms, prevent devastating morbidity, preserve long-term quality of life, and prevent mortality. Many medications in the hypertensive crisis arsenal have been used for nearly half a century. Nearly all treatment options have been utilized in children for decades, yet reliable data and sound clinical literature remain elusive. Every agent considered to be a first-line, second-line, or adjunctive option has yet to be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial in pediatric patients. With a paucity of clinical data to f... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199646 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:47:04 +0100 5199646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199645&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gentile S Abstract The onset of severe, chronic or recurrent psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders, is a dramatic clinical event often detectable during adolescence and even in childhood. At any age, pharmacotherapy, along with enhancement of social skills and family support, is the mainstay for the management of such disorders. The aim of this review is to critically analyze findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have investigated the clinical utility of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Eighteen studies were considered, all of which were unfortunately impaired by methodologic limitations, such as the paucity of long-term data and lack of a thr... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199645 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:46:54 +0100 5199645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199644&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eley BS, Meyers T Abstract WHO antiretroviral treatment guidelines for HIV-infected children have influenced the design of treatment programmes in resource-limited settings. This review analyses the latest WHO first- and second-line regimen recommendations. The recommendation to use lopinavir/ritonavir-containing first-line regimens in young children with prior non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) exposure is based on good quality evidence. Recent research suggests that lopinavir/ritonavir-containing first-line regimens should be extended to all young children, irrespective of prior NNRTI exposure. Strategies for overcoming the adverse metabolic effects of rifampicin-containing anti-tuberculosis therapy on antiretroviral therapy regimens have been under-r... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199644 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:46:44 +0100 5199644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199643&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888445%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: During the highest teratogenic risk period, 1.1% of women received a contraindicated drug, despite existence of a safer alternative drug. This may be partly accounted for by physicians not being aware of the pregnancy at the time the drug was administered and could be reduced by adding a section entitled 'women of child-bearing potential' to the SPC. PMID: 21888445 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199643 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:46:34 +0100 5199643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199642&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilde MI PMID: 21888446 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199642 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:46:24 +0100 5199642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199641&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Croxtall JD Abstract Clonidine, an α(2)-adrenergic agonist, is approved in the US as an extended-release (XR) tablet for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents (aged 6-17 years). In two, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, phase III trials of 8 weeks' duration, clonidine XR improved the symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents. Significantly greater reductions from baseline in ADHD rating scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total scores at week 5 (primary endpoint) were achieved by recipients of clonidine XR 0.2 and 0.4 mg/day monotherapy than by recipients of placebo. When added to patients' normal stimulant regimen, significantly greater reductions from baseline in ADHD-RS-IV total scores at week 5 (primary endpoint) were... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199641 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:46:14 +0100 5199641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199640&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deeks ED Abstract 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic progestin of which there is now a US FDA-approved formulation available for intramuscular administration (Makena™) to reduce the risk of preterm birth. Intramuscular 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (identical in formulation and manufacturing process to Makena™, thus hereafter referred to as Makena™) 250 mg once weekly, initiated at 16-20 weeks' gestation, was effective in reducing the risk of preterm birth in women with a singleton pregnancy at high risk of delivering preterm in a large, well designed, placebo-controlled trial (n = 463 randomized). Rates of delivery before 37 (primary endpoint), 35, or 32 weeks' gestation were significantly lower with Makena™ than with placebo, correspondi... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199640 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 17:46:04 +0100 5199640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983447&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21692545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nadel S PMID: 21692545 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983447 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:30:30 +0100 4983447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983446&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21692546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bredlau AL, Semple JW, Segel GB The treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children is controversial, requiring individualized assessment of the patient and consideration of treatment options. If the platelet count is >10 000/μL and the patient is asymptomatic, a 'watch and wait' strategy is appropriate since most children with ITP will recover completely without pharmacotherapy. If therapy is indicated because of bleeding or a platelet count <10 000/μL, then treatment with glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), or anti-D are possible initial choices. Glucocorticoid treatment is the least expensive and is our usual first choice of therapy. Its use assumes that the blood counts and blood film have been evaluated to ensure the absence of e... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983446 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:30:25 +0100 4983446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983445&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21692547%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the literature that examines whether exposure to psychostimulants or antidepressants precipitates or exacerbates manic symptoms, or decreases the age at onset of mania in pediatric populations. A PubMed search using relevant key words identified studies targeting five distinct clinical groups: (i) youth without a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) at the time of exposure to psychostimulants; (ii) youth with a diagnosis of BD at the time of exposure to psychostimulants; (iii) youth without a diagnosis of BD at the time of exposure to antidepressants; (iv) youth with a diagnosis of BD at the time of exposure to antidepressants; and (v) youth who develop BD after exposure to these medications. In patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the risk for ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983445 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:30:21 +0100 4983445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983444&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21692548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ganeshan VR, Schor NF Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. It accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Children with high-risk disease have a 3-year event-free survival rate of only 20%. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in children with advanced neuroblastoma. The aim of this article was to review and critically evaluate the pharmacotherapy of neuroblastoma, using peer reviewed and review literature from 2000-11. All peer reviewed, published human subject studies of therapy for neuroblastoma in children were included. Animal model and in vitro studies were included only if they added to the understanding of the mechanism of a proposed or existing human neuroblastoma therapy. Current therapeutic options for neuroblastoma involve i... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983444 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:30:16 +0100 4983444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983443&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21692549%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The survey indicated a considerable depth of interest in the improvement of the pediatric clinical research environment in Latin America. There is some momentum toward the development of a Latin American network for the facilitation and supervision of pediatric clinical research. PMID: 21692549 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983443 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:30:12 +0100 4983443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983442&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21692550%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In this large cohort of FH children, the efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin therapy in real-life conditions was demonstrated to be similar to that in randomized controlled studies. PMID: 21692550 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983442 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 10:30:07 +0100 4983442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780520&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Gui YH, Vinks AA, Macleod S PMID: 21500867 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780520 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:59 +0100 4780520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780519&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500868%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pressler T Inflammation is a major component of the vicious cycle characterizing cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. If untreated, this inflammatory process irreversibly damages the airways, leading to bronchiectasis and ultimately respiratory failure. Anti-inflammatory drugs for CF lung disease appear to have beneficial effects on disease progression. These agents include oral corticosteroids and ibuprofen, as well as azithromycin, which, in addition to its antimicrobial effects, also possess anti-inflammatory properties. Inhaled corticosteroids, antioxidants, nutritional supplements, and protease inhibitors have a limited impact on the disease. Adverse effects limit therapy with oral corticosteroids and ibuprofen. Azithromycin appears to be safe and effective, and is thu... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780519 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:46 +0100 4780519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780518&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nayyar NS, McGhee W, Martin D, Sindhi R, Soltys K, Bond G, Mazariegos GV This review summarizes the outcomes and known adverse effects of current immunosuppression strategies in use in pediatric intestinal transplantation. Intestinal transplantation has evolved from an experimental therapy to a highly successful treatment for children with intestinal failure who have complications with total parenteral nutrition. Because of continued success with intestinal transplantation over the past decade, the focus of clinicians and researchers is shifting from short-term patient survival to optimizing long-term outcomes. Current 5-year patient and graft survival rates after intestinal transplantation are 58% and 40%, respectively, in the US; single centers have reported nearly 80% patie... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780518 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:23 +0100 4780518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780517&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beresford MW Significant advances have taken place in recent years in our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis, management, and clinical outcome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Fundamental to this advancement has been international collaborative efforts of the clinical scientific community and all those involved in the multidisciplinary care of children and young people with JIA. A key factor has been facing the challenge of developing a robust classification system for JIA, a clinically very heterogeneous group of conditions. JIA illustrates the necessity of disease classification to enable scientific progress but also the iterative and evolving process this entails. What is emerging is the imperative to improve our understanding of the biologic and genetic basis of... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780517 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:19 +0100 4780517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780516&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21500871 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780516 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:15 +0100 4780516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780515&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phelps BR, Rakhmanina N Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has been shown to achieve high therapeutic efficacy in treating pediatric HIV disease. The delivery of affordable, child friendly, and easy to store and administer ARV drugs is key to the successful management of HIV in children. In recent years, significant progress has been made in scaling up the access to pediatric ARV therapy among children worldwide. Despite the improved ARV drug access, multiple challenges remain concerning palatability and efficient delivery of ARV drugs to children from infancy into adolescence. Data are limited regarding developmental changes in pharmacokinetics of individual ARV drugs, and pediatric and adult fixed-dose combinations. This review provides a practical discussion regarding the pharmac... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780515 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:11 +0100 4780515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780514&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21500873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Curran MP Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in pediatric patients aged 6-17 years. In two, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in pediatric patients aged 6-17 years with irritability associated with autistic disorder, 8 weeks of treatment with aripiprazole 2-15 mg/day, compared with placebo, resulted in significant improvements in the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Irritability subscale score at endpoint (primary endpoint), and the mean Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score. Aripiprazole was generally well tolerated in this patient population in the two 8-week studies and a 52-week study, with most adverse events being mild to moderate in severity. Aripiprazole was assoc... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780514 Wed, 04 May 2011 08:15:07 +0100 4780514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554094&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351806%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Star K PMID: 21351806 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554094 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:57 +0100 4554094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554093&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351807%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Minkov M Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare (about 3-5 cases per million children aged 0-14 years), non-malignant disease characterized by proliferation and accumulation of clonal dendritic cells, extreme clinical heterogeneity, and an unpredictable course. Three large-scale, international, prospective therapeutic studies (LCH-I to III) for multisystem LCH (MS-LCH) have been conducted by the Histiocyte Society since 1991. The cumulative lessons from these studies are summarized in this review. Patients with MS-LCH represent a heterogeneous group with respect to disease severity and outcome, therefore treatment stratification and risk-tailored treatment are mandatory. The risk for mortality can be predicted based on involvement of 'risk organs' (e.g. hematopoietic sy... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554093 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:51 +0100 4554093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554092&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ibrahim SH, Lindor KD Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic condition affecting the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tree. The incidence is seemingly increasing in children as a result of increased use of cholangiographic screening techniques in children with inflammatory bowel disease. The clinical presentation of PSC in childhood is variable and frequently without obvious cholestatic features, and cholangiography is essential for the diagnosis of this disorder. Histologic findings may help to exclude autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis. The underlying pathogenesis remains poorly understood and, as a result, therapeutic agents that halt disease progression and improve prognosis are lacking. PSC treatment is mainly supportive and directed at controll... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554092 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:46 +0100 4554092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554091&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wier HA, Cerna A, So TY Rufinamide is a triazole derivative with broad-spectrum antiepileptic effects that is unrelated to any antiepileptic drug currently on the market. The European Commission and the US FDA approved rufinamide in 2007 and 2008, respectively, for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children 4 years of age or older and adults. The mechanism of action of rufinamide is not completely understood but it is believed to prolong the inactive state of sodium channels, therefore limiting excessive firing of sodium-dependent action potentials. Rufinamide is well absorbed when taken with food, with an absolute bioavailability between 70% and 85%. The elimination half-life of the drug is around 6-10 hours, with a time to maximum pl... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554091 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:41 +0100 4554091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554090&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351810%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crumrine PK Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is an epilepsy syndrome that begins in childhood (between 1 and 8 years of age), worsens during latency and persists frequently into adulthood, is refractory to antiepileptic medications, and results in cognitive decline and behavioral problems in affected individuals. Seizure types consist primarily of axial tonic, atonic, and atypical absence; nocturnal tonic seizures are the most common seizure pattern in this population, but often are not one of the initial seizure patterns. Some patients also have myoclonic seizures; this seizure pattern is less frequent than the three preceding types. Although there are some cases that are cryptogenic, most are symptomatic, arising during prenatal and perinatal periods from intrauterine infections, and... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554090 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:35 +0100 4554090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554089&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351811%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Insufficient US PDT capacity may hinder the development of new drugs for children and limit studies on the safety and efficacy of drugs presently used to treat pediatric conditions. Further public policy initiatives may be needed to achieve the full promise of BPCA/PREA. PMID: 21351811 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554089 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:29 +0100 4554089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554088&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351812%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilde MI PMID: 21351812 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554088 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:24 +0100 4554088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554087&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plosker GL † Adapted and reproduced from the original article published in Drugs 2010; 70 (14): 1843-55.[1]. PMID: 21351813 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554087 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:19 +0100 4554087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554086&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21351814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scott LJ Covaxis® (also licensed as Triaxis® or Adacel® in individual countries) is a Tdap(5) (i.e. combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, five component acellular pertussis [namely detoxified pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3]) vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. It is approved for use in Europe as a single intramuscular booster dose in children (aged ≥4 years), adolescents, and adults, and in the US it is approved for use in individuals aged 11-64 years. In large, randomized, controlled clinical trials conducted in the UK and North America, a single intramuscular booster dose of Covaxis® induced robust immune responses for all of its component antigens when given to children (age... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554086 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 03:45:13 +0100 4554086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554085&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21366358%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These data suggest that folate fortification does not appear to have caused an increase in therapeutic failures in children with ALL. PMID: 21366358 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554085 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289168&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21162596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sonnier L, Barzman D Acute agitation is a state of behavioral dyscontrol that requires intervention. Medications available in rapid delivery formats are frequently administered to treat acute agitation, either as a chemical restraint or on a voluntary basis. Prior to initiating treatment, the etiology of agitation must be evaluated. In choosing a medication, general pharmacologic principles should be followed. Medication should be selected based on the underlying cause in conjunction with weighing the risks, benefits, and side effects of medications. There are three classes of medications administered to children and adolescents to treat agitation: antihistamines, benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics. The most concerning short-term side effects of antipsychotics are their adver... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289168 Sun, 26 Dec 2010 16:30:38 +0100 4289168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289167&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21162597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anselmo M The treatment of children with asthma has historically relied upon expert opinion using data extrapolated from adult studies. Over the past few years, landmark studies have been completed providing healthcare professionals with evidence on which a reasonable approach can be made for children suffering from this common and serious disease. Asthmatic phenotype in children, unlike adults, tends to differ according to age, which must be taken into account as well as triggers, severity, and level of control. The care of the child with asthma is complex, but accumulating data have demonstrated that we are on the right path for optimizing control while reducing the burden of side effects. The newest Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, as well as recent updates f... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289167 Sun, 26 Dec 2010 16:30:30 +0100 4289167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289166&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21162598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abdel-Rahman SM, Newland JG, Kearns GL Across much of the world, pandemic H1N1 infection has produced a significant healthcare crisis, reflected in significant morbidity and mortality. Statistics reveal that infection-associated deaths among individuals without pre-existing conditions (e.g. immunosuppression) are clustered in pregnant women and young infants. In developing countries where the availability of influenzae vaccine is limited, the only currently available pharmacologic counter-measure for H1N1 disease is oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor with excellent in vitro activity against the virus. This drug is available in oral solid and liquid formulations, has excellent peroral bioavailability in adults, and generally has a very favorable safety profile. Many observa... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289166 Sun, 26 Dec 2010 16:30:23 +0100 4289166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289165&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21162599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones S, James E, Prasad S Assessing medicines specifically for use in children has been neglected in the past, with the majority of formal clinical studies being conducted in adults. Clinical trials are a pivotal part of the drug approval process; however, they are not always applicable to the diverse populations - including children - that receive the drug after approval. They may not be the most informative assessment tool, especially in rare (or orphan) disorders where there are few patients, due to a lack of existing natural history data and the challenges of designing appropriately powered statistical analyses. Disease registries, which can collect clinical information in larger, more heterogeneous populations than can be included in a clinical trial, are becoming increa... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289165 Sun, 26 Dec 2010 16:30:15 +0100 4289165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289164&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21162600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Höcker B, Tönshoff B The introduction, in the mid-1980s, of calcineurin inhibitors - namely ciclosporin (cyclosporine) and later tacrolimus - has significantly improved short-term renal graft survival by lowering acute rejection rates in both adult and pediatric kidney transplantation. Nonetheless, long-term transplant survival is still not satisfactory, with calcineurin inhibitor-induced chronic nephrotoxicity being one of the main causes of progressive nephron loss and declining renal transplant function. Hence, different immunosuppressant regimens have been proposed to avoid or ameliorate calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity. These comprise the use of non-depleting or depleting antibodies for calcineurin inhibitor minimization, calcineurin inhibitor avoidance, or ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289164 Sun, 26 Dec 2010 16:30:09 +0100 4289164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119965&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028913%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21028913 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119965 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:31 +0100 4119965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119964&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028914%26dopt%3DAbstract This article focuses on recent developments in the field of new antimicrobial strategies for CF. It is clear that studies on new classes of antibiotics or antimicrobial-like drugs are scarce, and that most studies involve new (inhalation) formulations, new routes of delivery, or analogs of existing classes of antibiotics. Studies of new antibiotic-like drugs are, in most cases, in preclinical phases of development and only a few of these agents may reach the market. Importantly, new inhaled antibiotics, e.g. aztreonam, levofloxacin, and fosfomycin, and new, more efficient delivery systems such as dry powder inhalation and liposomes for current antibiotics are in the clinical phase of development. These developments will be of great importance in improving effective treatment and reducing t... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119964 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:27 +0100 4119964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119963&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028915%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walter-Nicolet E, Annequin D, Biran V, Mitanchez D, Tourniaire B All neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) or during the first days of life undergo painful and stressful procedures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that pain induced by these procedures is not effectively prevented or is inadequately treated. Pain experienced during the neonatal period may lead to negative outcomes, especially in preterm neonates. Prevention is the first step of pain management, and practical guidelines should be used in the NICU. Assessment must be done with adequate tools that take into account the infant's pathology and gestational age. Distinguishing between acute and prolonged pain is important for both assessment and treatment. The most common drugs that have been studied fo... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119963 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:23 +0100 4119963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119962&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shenoi S, Wallace CA Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin that is often treated with a variety of disease-modifying agents. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are a group of genetically engineered biologic agents that target the proinflammatory cytokine TNF. This review focuses on the use of TNF inhibitors in JIA. Etanercept was the first TNF inhibitor approved for use in children with moderate to severe polyarticular-course JIA following encouraging results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial in children. Open-label extension studies of the original trial involving 8 years of follow-up demonstrated the long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept in children. Other studies from establish... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119962 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:19 +0100 4119962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119961&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028917%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eiland LS, Hunt MO Migraine headaches frequently occur in the pediatric population, with a prevalence of 3% in children 2-7 years of age, 4-11% in children 7-11 years of age, and 8-23% in children 11 years of age and older. Migraine without aura is more than twice as common as migraine with aura in children. Headaches are the third leading cause of emergency room referrals and rank in the top five health problems of children. The 2004 American Academy of Neurology's treatment parameter for migraine in children and adolescents recommended that nasal sumatriptan be considered for acute treatment; however, data were lacking to make a decision regarding the available oral triptans at that time. The more recently released European guidelines discuss three different triptans for use... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119961 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:15 +0100 4119961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119960&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Denfield SW Despite more than 40 years' experience in pediatric heart transplantation, cellular rejection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review, strategies and agents to prevent acute cellular rejection are discussed. Strategies to prevent rejection are divided into two phases - induction and maintenance therapies. Currently, the most commonly used induction agents are polyclonal antibodies (rabbit or equine antithymocyte globulin) and interleukin-2 receptor antibodies (daclizumab or basiliximab). Induction therapies have reduced early rejection, are renal sparing, and can reduce corticosteroid exposure, but have not yet been shown to have a longer term survival benefit. Multiple maintenance immunosuppressants are available. Nearly all regimens... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119960 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:11 +0100 4119960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119959&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21028919%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Within the dose range of 0.13-0.26 mg/kg, higher doses of ondansetron were not superior to lower doses, nor were they associated with increased side effects. Thus, ondansetron in this dose range was shown to result in a similar reduction in emesis in children with acute gastroenteritis. PMID: 21028919 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119959 Sat, 30 Oct 2010 13:45:07 +0100 4119959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3921654&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20799757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cefalo MG, Maurizi P, Arlotta A, Scalzone M, Attinà G, Ruggiero A, Riccardi R Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a major manifestation of liver toxicity associated with conventional and high-dose chemotherapy in children affected by hematologic malignancies and certain solid tumors. Clinically, patients present with jaundice, painful hepatomegaly, and fluid retention, which may evolve into multi-organ failure, a hallmark of severe disease. The pathogenesis is complex and not completely understood, but the damage to sinusoidal endothelium, typically caused by toxic metabolites released from antineoplastic drugs, is thought to play a crucial role, together with cytokine activation, immune deregulation, and coagulopathy. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria supported b... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3921654 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 04:57:23 +0100 3921654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3921653&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20799758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith SM, Gums JG Influenza infection is annually responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among the very young and old. Recently updated guidelines recommend influenza vaccination of all children aged 6 months to 18 years; however, childhood vaccination remains underutilized. Furthermore, concerns over the reduced efficacy of vaccination in children have further heightened the need for effective treatment schemes. Antiviral therapies have emerged as attractive options in the battle against influenza infection. These agents include the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir, and peramivir). Broad-scale use of adamantane antivirals has been severely limited in recent years because of high resistance... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3921653 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 04:57:19 +0100 3921653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3921652&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20799759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harris E, Schulzke SM, Patole SK Sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm neonates are associated with significant mortality and morbidity, including long-term neurodevelopmental impairment and socioeconomic burden. Safe and effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of these conditions are urgently needed. Pentoxifylline, a synthetic theobromine derivative, is a non-steroidal immunomodulating agent with unique hemorrheologic effects which has been used in a range of infectious, vascular, and inflammatory conditions in adults and children. The unique properties of pentoxifylline explain its potential benefits in preterm neonates with sepsis, NEC, and CLD, conditions characterized by activation of the inflammatory cytokine cascade... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3921652 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 04:57:14 +0100 3921652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3921651&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20799760%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, ketoprofen is effective and well tolerated in children for the control of post-surgical pain and for the control of pain and fever in inflammatory conditions. PMID: 20799760 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3921651 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 04:57:10 +0100 3921651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3921650&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20799761%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The introduction of medication reconciliation in children on admission to hospital has the potential to reduce discomfort or clinical deterioration by reducing unintentional changes to repeat prescribed medication. Consequently, there is no justification for the omission of children from the NICE-NPSA guidance concerning medication reconciliation in hospitals, and costing tools should include pediatric patients. PMID: 20799761 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3921650 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 04:57:06 +0100 3921650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723749&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20593906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milgrom H The high prevalence of asthma in pediatric patients underscores the need for effective and safe treatment in this population. Current treatment guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) as a preferred treatment for the control of mild to moderate persistent asthma in patients of all ages, including young children. Clinical efficacy, systemic safety, and ease of use are desirable attributes of an ICS used to treat children with persistent asthma. Recently, mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) 110 mug once daily in the evening (delivered dose of 100 mug) was approved by the US FDA for the maintenance treatment of asthma in children 4-11 years of age. Data from the clinical trial program for MF-DPI that establish the efficacy, long... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723749 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:48:30 +0100 3723749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723748&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20593907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mulla H Developmental pharmacodynamics is the study of age-related maturation of the structure and function of biologic systems and how this affects response to pharmacotherapy. This may manifest as a change in the potency, efficacy, or therapeutic range of a drug. The paucity of studies exploring developmental pharmacodynamics reflects the lack of suitable juvenile animal models and the ethical and practical constraints of conducting studies in children. However, where data from animal models are available, valuable insight has been gained into how response to therapy can change through the course of development. For example, animal neurodevelopmental models have revealed that temporal differences in the maturation of norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems may ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723748 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:48:24 +0100 3723748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723747&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20593908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grimwood K, Lambert SB, Milne RJ Rotaviruses are the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. By 5 years of age virtually every child worldwide will have experienced at least one rotavirus infection. This leads to an enormous disease burden, where every minute a child dies because of rotavirus infection and another four are hospitalized, at an annual societal cost in 2007 of $US2 billion. Most of the annual 527 000 deaths are in malnourished infants living in rural regions of low and middle income countries. In contrast, most measurable costs arise from medical expenses and lost parental wages in high income countries. Vaccines are the only public health prevention strategy likely to control rotavirus disease. They were developed to mimic the immunity following... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723747 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:48:19 +0100 3723747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723746&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20593909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ebo DG, Verweij MM, De Knop KJ, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, De Clerck LS, Stevens WJ Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an inherited disorder characterized by recurrent, circumscribed, non-pitting, non-pruritic, and rather painful subepithelial swelling of sudden onset, which fades during the course of 48-72 hours, but can persist for up to 1 week. Lesions can be solitary or multiple, and primarily involve the extremities, larynx, face, esophagus, and bowel wall. Patients with HAE experience angioedema because of a defective control of the plasma kinin-forming cascade that is activated through contact with negatively charged endothelial macromolecules leading to binding and auto-activation of coagulation factor XII, activation of prekallikrein to kallikrein by factor XIIa, and clea... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723746 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:48:13 +0100 3723746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723745&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20593910%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: This prospective study supports the efficacy of propranolol and sodium valproate as prophylaxis for pediatric migraine without aura, based on IHS criteria. There were no significant differences between these two drugs in all evaluated parameters except for the mean headache frequency per month, which was lower with propranolol than with sodium valproate. PMID: 20593910 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723745 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 16:48:08 +0100 3723745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723752&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20590167%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dagan R PMID: 20590167 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723752 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3723752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723751&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20590168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dagan R The outcome of treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) differs between various antibiotic drugs. Outcome depends upon the drugs' pharmacokinetics, but in the case of infectious diseases also on the susceptibility of the organism and the interaction between the drug and the organisms at the specific site of infection (pharmacodynamics). In the era of antibiotic resistance, it is thus important to understand the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the various available drugs in the context of AOM and its main two pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. In terms of clinical outcome, it is also important to realize that AOM is a self-limiting disease in most cases, so that response to treatment is always compared with the expected backg... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723751 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3723751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723750&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20590169%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Melo-Cristino J, Santos L, Silva-Costa C, Friães A, Pinho MD, Ramirez M, The Viriato study is a prospective, multicentre laboratory-based surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility in which 30 microbiology laboratories throughout Portugal are asked to isolate, identify and submit to a central laboratory for testing Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and Streptococcus pyogenes from tonsillitis. To monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns of these frequent respiratory pathogens. Susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) or using Etest strips following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. From 1999 to 2007... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723750 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3723750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588895&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20481644%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frampton JE Mifamurtide (liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl ethanolamine; Mepact(R)) is an immunomodulator with antitumor effects that appear to be mediated via activation of monocytes and macrophages. In the EU, mifamurtide is indicated in children, adolescents, and young adults for the treatment of high-grade, resectable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma after macroscopically complete surgical resection; it is administered by intravenous infusion in conjunction with postoperative multiagent chemotherapy. In the US, mifamurtide is currently an investigational agent that holds orphan drug status for the treatment of osteosarcoma. In a large, randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III trial, the addition of adjuvant (postoperative) mifamurtide to three- or four-drug combi... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588895 Sat, 22 May 2010 15:27:17 +0100 3588895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588894&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20481645%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang LP, Scott LJ Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and is the second antidepressant to be approved for use in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescent patients (aged 12-17 years) in the US. In a randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, multicenter trial, once-daily escitalopram 10-20 mg (n = 154) for 8 weeks was significantly better than placebo (n = 157) in improving the severity of depressive symptoms (as assessed by the change in the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised [CDRS-R] total score) in adolescent patients with MDD. Preliminary data from a combined analysis of the double-blind data from this trial and double-blind data from a 16-week, fixed-dose, extension study suggest a significant difference between escitalopram... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588894 Sat, 22 May 2010 15:27:14 +0100 3588894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588893&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20481646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elia J, Vetter VL The effective medications currently marketed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have central and peripheral catecholaminergic effects that have been shown to result in statistically significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure. The impact of these medications on serious cardiovascular events in healthy children is unknown, but serious cardiovascular events related to ADHD medications are considered rare. However, children with cardiac pathology may be at greater risk given that increased sympathetic tone has been reported as a causal factor in generating ventricular arrhythmias in adults with coronary artery disease, and physical exercise has been consistently reported as a trigger for increased risk of sudden cardiac death in athle... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588893 Sat, 22 May 2010 15:27:12 +0100 3588893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588892&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20481647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim RJ, Rutstein RM Highly active antiretroviral therapy improves survival and growth in children with HIV infection. However, its use can be associated with adverse changes in body composition and metabolism. Bone mineral density can be adversely affected in HIV-positive children due to nutritional compromise or certain antiretrovirals. HIV-associated lipodystrophy, consisting of redistribution of adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, has also been described in children. Pediatric HIV patients may be at greater risk for these problems because of their longer potential lifetime exposure to these agents and because childhood is normally a period of rapid growth and tissue accretion. Healthcare providers for children with HIV infection must be aware of the potent... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588892 Sat, 22 May 2010 15:27:09 +0100 3588892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588891&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20486734%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, results from clinical trials to date suggest that levetiracetam has a full spectrum of efficacy as well as a favorable safety profile, and this drug can be considered a valuable option in the treatment of epilepsy in pediatric patients. PMID: 20486734 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588891 Sat, 22 May 2010 15:27:06 +0100 3588891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359659&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miano S, Ferri R Insomnia is the predominant sleep concern in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and its nature is most likely multifactorial, with neurochemical (abnormalities in serotonergic transmission or melatonin levels), psychiatric (anxiety), and behavioral (poor sleep habits) etiological factors involved. Children with ASD experience sleep problems similar to those of typically developing children, although the prevalence is markedly higher, occurring in 44-83% of school-aged children with ASD. Caregivers usually report that insomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder, described as disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, restless sleep, bedtime resistance, co-sleeping, alterations of sleep hygiene, and early awakenings in the morning. Many actigra... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359659 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 00:40:21 +0100 3359659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359658&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218745%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Freed J, Kelly KM Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the few cancers that affect both adults and children. Cure rates for Hodgkin lymphoma remain among the best for pediatric cancers. However, cure is often associated with significant delayed effects of therapy, including an elevated risk for second malignancies, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and gonadal and non-gonadal endocrine dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of current treatment strategies is to further improve outcomes while minimizing therapy-related complications. At diagnosis, patients are classified into risk groups based on disease stage, and the presence of clinical, biologic, and serologic risk factors. In general, the most recent trials have intensified therapy in those patients with high-risk disease to improve dise... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359658 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 00:40:18 +0100 3359658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359657&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nor Aripin KN, Sammons HM, Choonara I The greatest burden of disease in children lies in the developing world; however, previous reviews have suggested that few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving children take place in developing countries. Children in developing countries deserve the same standard of medicines as those in developed countries, i.e. appropriate medications for the specific diseases that occur. To elucidate published pediatric therapeutic RCTs that have taken place in the developing world and to determine whether they are appropriate for the major diseases occurring there, and to explore their approach to safety monitoring. A previously assembled database of pediatric RCTs published between 1996 and 2002, from journals indexed in MEDLINE, was analyzed... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359657 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 00:40:15 +0100 3359657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359656&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218747%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Comstock TL, Paterno MR, Usner DW, Pichichero ME Acute conjunctivitis is the most frequent eye disorder seen by primary care physicians and one that often affects children. Besifloxacin is a new topical fluoroquinolone, the first chlorofluoroquinolone, for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. To examine the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in patients aged 1-17 years with bacterial conjunctivitis. This was a post hoc analysis of a subgroup of pediatric patients aged 1-17 years who had participated in three previously reported, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multicenter, clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of besifloxacin in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. The studies were conducted in a community setting... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359656 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 00:40:12 +0100 3359656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359655&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218748%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKeage K, Scott LJ Darunavir is a nonpeptidic HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) that binds with high affinity to the HIV-1 protease, including multi-drug resistant proteases. This drug is highly potent against a range of laboratory strains and clinical isolates of wild-type and multidrug-resistant HIV and has limited potential to cause cytotoxicity. Darunavir did not display cross-resistance with other PIs in vitro. The coadministration of a low boosting dose of ritonavir with darunavir (boosted darunavir) increases the bioavailablity of darunavir. The drug is also administered together with other highly active antiretroviral agents. The efficacy of twice-daily boosted darunavir (11-19 mg/kg plus ritonavir 1.5-2.5 mg/kg) in treatment-experienced pediatric patients (a... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359655 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 00:40:09 +0100 3359655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359654&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218749%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perry CM Colesevelam hydrochloride (colesevelam), a non-absorbed, synthetic, lipid-lowering polymer, is a bile acid sequestrant. Colesevelam binds with high affinity to bile acids within the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids, resulting in decreases in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Colesevelam is available as tablets and as powder for oral suspension. At dosages of 3.75 g once daily or 1.875 g twice daily, colesevelam is approved in the US for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 10-17 years with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Colesevelam may be administered as monotherapy or in combination with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin). A 32-week trial was conducted and consisted of a stabliliza... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359654 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 00:40:06 +0100 3359654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121192&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slater M, Stringer EM, Stringer JS Breastfeeding remains a common practice in parts of the world where the burden of HIV is highest and the fewest alternative feeding options exist. The impossible dilemma faced by HIV-positive mothers is whether to breastfeed their infants in keeping with cultural norms but in doing so risk transmitting the virus through breast milk, or to pursue formula feeding, which comes with its own set of risks, including a higher rate of infant mortality from diarrheal illnesses, while reducing transmission of HIV. Treatment of mothers and/or their infants with antiretroviral drugs is a strategy that has been employed for several decades to reduce HIV transmission through pregnancy and delivery, but the effect of these agents when taken during breastfee... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121192 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 13:08:18 +0100 3121192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121191&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yoshimi A, Kojima S, Hirano N Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare hematopoietic malignancy of early childhood with features characteristic of both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders. Recent studies clearly show that the deregulated activation of the RAS signaling pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of JMML. Somatic defects in either RAS, PTPN11 or NF1 genes involved in this pathway are detected in 70-80% of JMML patients, allowing a molecular diagnosis to be made in the majority of cases. Patients with JMML respond poorly to chemotherapy, and the probability of survival without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is less than 10%. Recent studies show that the event-free survival after HSCT is between 24 and 54%, wi... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121191 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 13:08:15 +0100 3121191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121190&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walling HW, Gerami P, Sontheimer RD Juvenile-onset amyopathic dermatomyositis is an uncommon variant of juvenile-onset dermatomyositis (JDM), characterized by the hallmark cutaneous features of dermatomyositis for at least 6 months without clinical or laboratory evidence of muscle disease. Cutaneous calcinosis, vasculopathy, and interstitial lung disease frequently complicate the course of classic JDM (typical JDM with myositis) but are infrequent in amyopathic JDM. Recent literature suggests that approximately 75% of amyopathic JDM patients will remain free from muscle disease after years of follow-up, while approximately 25% of patients will evolve to having classic JDM. No clinical, laboratory, or ancillary parameters have been found to be predictive for this transition to ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121190 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 13:08:13 +0100 3121190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121189&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schonder KS, Mazariegos GV, Weber RJ Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for end-stage organ failure in children. Immunosuppressant medications are used to prevent rejection of the organ transplant. However, these medications are associated with significant adverse effects that impact growth and development, quality of life (QOL), and sometimes long-term survival after transplantation. Adverse effects can differ between the immunosuppressants, but many result from the overall state of immunosuppression. Strategies to manage immunosuppressant adverse effects often involve minimizing exposure to the drugs while balancing the risk for rejection. Early recognition of immunosuppressant adverse effects may help to reduce morbidities associated with solid organ tra... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121189 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 13:08:10 +0100 3121189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121188&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dupuis LL, Nathan PC Existing guidelines for the prevention of antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children are constrained by the lack of robust evidence. Current guidelines recommend the use of a serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist plus a corticosteroid to prevent acute CINV. Consequently, antiemetic agents that are recommended for use in adult cancer patients do not appear in the current pediatric guidelines. In addition, there is no information to guide the selection of alternative antiemetic agents for children who either cannot receive the recommended agents or who do not respond adequately to the treatment. Possible barriers to adherence to the pediatric antiemetic selection guidelines that are currently available are discussed, and publi... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121188 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 13:08:08 +0100 3121188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3121187&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carter NJ, Keating GM Bosentan is a dual endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor antagonist that has affinity for ET-1 receptors A and B. In the EU, oral bosentan (Tracleer(R)) is indicated to improve exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of WHO functional class III; benefits have also been seen in patients with WHO functional class II PAH. Bosentan is available as film-coated tablets, and a new dispersible formulation of bosentan has also recently been approved in the EU for the treatment of PAH in children aged >/=2 years. A noncomparative, multicenter, phase III trial (FUTURE-1), which was primarily designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of dispersible bosentan in pediatric patients, demonstrated that increasing the dosage of bo... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3121187 Sat, 26 Dec 2009 13:08:05 +0100 3121187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957937&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19877721 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957937 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:10:02 +0100 2957937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957936&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huber AM Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare, presumably autoimmune illness that causes proximal muscle weakness and a variety of typical cutaneous features. The study of this illness has been hampered by its rarity but, in recent years, important developments have increased our understanding of JDM. Genetic factors are likely important in the pathogenesis of JDM. These include several Human Leukocyte Antigen alleles, in particular those associated with the 8.1 ancestral haplotype and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene 308 polymorphism. Microchimerism, activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and upregulation of type-1 interferon inducible genes also appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of JDM. The study of JDM has also been limited by a lack of valid... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957936 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:10:02 +0100 2957936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957935&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tullus K, Marks SD The childhood vasculitides are a group of diseases affecting small to large blood vessels. The two most common conditions are Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and Kawasaki disease (KD). HSP is diagnosed on the basis of typical clinical findings and is mostly a self-limiting disease. KD is the most common vasculitis in infants and the development of coronary artery aneurysms is the major complication. Early treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is required to minimize this risk. All other vasculitides are very rare in children and include anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa and Takayasu disease. The etiology of all these vasculitic diseases is generally unknown a... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957935 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:10:02 +0100 2957935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957934&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877724%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Höcker B, Tönshoff B Long-term allograft survival poses a major problem in pediatric renal transplantation, with allograft nephropathy being the principal cause of graft failure after the first post-transplant year. The mechanisms of nephron loss resulting in graft dysfunction are multiple, comprising both immunologic factors such as acute and chronic antibody- or T-cell-mediated rejection and non-immunologic components. The latter include peri-transplant injuries and renovascular lesions (renal artery stenosis, thrombosis) as well as cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Another relevant issue leading to progressive nephron loss and declining kidney transplant function is acute and chronic nephrotoxicity induced by the calcine... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957934 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:10:02 +0100 2957934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957933&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henney HR, Chez M Tizanidine is an imidazoline with central alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist activity at both spinal and supraspinal levels, which is indicated as a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. Despite being used in pediatric populations, there is no adequate information or well controlled studies to document the safety and efficacy of tizanidine in this group. To evaluate the safety of tizanidine in the pediatric population. We compared spontaneous adverse event reports in the Acorda Therapeutics worldwide clinical adverse event database for children (</=16 years; n = 99) and adults (>16 years; n = 1153) who had received tizanidine and for whom at least one adverse event was reported, and performed a retrospective chart review of the safety of tizani... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957933 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:10:02 +0100 2957933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957932&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19877726%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang LP, Curran MP Topical pimecrolimus 1% cream (Elidel(R)) [hereafter referred to as topical pimecrolimus] is a nonsteroidal alternative in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. In vehicle-controlled, short-term, continuous-use trials in pediatric patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, topical pimecrolimus was effective in treating disease symptoms. Topical pimecrolimus was effective in preventing disease flares and reducing the need for topical corticosteroids in longer term, intermittent-use trials. In addition, topical pimecrolimus was associated with improvements in the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis and their parents. In vehicle-controlled trials, topical pimecrolimus was generally as well tolerate... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957932 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:10:02 +0100 2957932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2763528&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19725596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferrara J, Jankovic J Essential tremor (ET) is a common, often familial, movement disorder characterized by tremor of the limbs, head, and voice. Epidemiological surveys indicate that up to 5% of the adult population has ET, and 5-30% of adults with ET report symptom onset during childhood. There is, however, little published regarding ET in the pediatric population, and no prospective studies targeted specifically to children. Retrospective studies from subspecialty movement disorder clinics indicate that childhood-onset ET is usually hereditary, begins at a mean age of 6 years, and affects boys three times as often as girls. While ET occasionally results in disability during childhood, only one-quarter of children seeing a neurologist for ET require pharmacotherapy. Small ca... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2763528 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:22:02 +0100 2763528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2763527&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19725597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marshall BC, Koch WC Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very common throughout the world, and has become more of a pediatric clinical concern given the high incidence of congenital CMV infections as well as the increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients. Because of this, the need for antiviral therapies in infants and neonates is growing. Currently, there are four antivirals available that are active against CMV: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. At this time, none have approved indications for use in children. Although there are limited data regarding the dose, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and adverse events for some of these antivirals, ganciclovir, and its oral prodrug valganciclovir, have been the best studied in the infant and neonate populati... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2763527 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:22:02 +0100 2763527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2763526&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19725598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McDonnell C, Hum S, Frndova H, Parshuram CS Pharmacotherapy is an under-evaluated element of critical care medicine. In order to better understand pharmacotherapy in pediatric critical illness, we evaluated a cohort of emergency admissions to a university-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A prospective, observational study was performed. Eligible patients were admitted to this medical-surgical ICU for at least 24 hours. The primary outcomes were the number of drug orders written, the number of different medications ordered, and the number of drug administrations. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify factors independently associated with each primary outcome. We studied 100 patients with a median age of 40 months (interquartile range [IQR] 9-82), wh... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2763526 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:22:02 +0100 2763526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2763525&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19725599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilde MI PMID: 19725599 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2763525 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:22:02 +0100 2763525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2763524&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19725600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Croxtall JD, Keating GM black triangle The pneumococcal polysaccharide protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV; Synflorix) contains ten capsular polysaccharide serotypes from the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, eight of which are conjugated to a nonlipidated cell-surface liporotein (protein D) of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and two of which are conjugated to either tetanus or diphtheria toxoid. black triangle In a three-dose primary vaccination schedule in infants aged <6 months, PHiD-CV elicited high immune responses against all pneumococcal serotypes contained in the vaccine and was noninferior to an approved 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) for eight of the ten serotypes (five of the seven common to both vaccines). Moreover, functional anti... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2763524 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 16:22:02 +0100 2763524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2664519&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19566106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macleod S, Knoppert D PMID: 19566106 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2664519 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 09:22:02 +0100 2664519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2664518&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19566107%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharma SM, Dick AD, Ramanan AV Pediatric non-infectious uveitis remains a rare but potentially sight-threatening group of diseases. However, early screening and treatment can improve outcomes. No single agent has proven to be efficacious in all cases. A wide variety of long-term immunomodulatory treatments are available; these agents differ in both their potency and side effect profiles. Corticosteroids remain an extremely valuable form of treatment in the short-term management of uveitis. Other major groups of immunomodulatory treatments include the calcineurin inhibitors and antimetabolites such as methotrexate, which is frequently used as the first-line agent. The biologics, including anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and interferons, are newer and potentially very useful t... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2664518 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 09:22:02 +0100 2664518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2664517&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19566108%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this review was to define the biologic variations in amoxicillin PK/PD parameters for the treatment of AOM in children and assess whether these variations could explain why the commonly employed amoxicillin PK/PD model is imperfect in predicting outcome for every patient in this clinical setting. To this end, a literature search of MEDLINE (1966-2006) and EMBASE (1974-2006) was conducted to identify studies that evaluated ampicillin or amoxicillin intestinal absorption, serum concentrations, and/or middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations. Analysis of studies identified for review showed that the intestinal bioavailability of amoxicillin depends on passive diffusion and a saturable 'pump' mechanism that produces variable serum concentrations of the antibacterial agent. Indeed... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2664517 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 09:22:02 +0100 2664517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2664516&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19566110%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garnock-Jones KP, Keam SJ black triangle Caspofungin is the first echinocandin to be approved for the treatment of fungal infections in pediatric patients. The antifungal properties of caspofungin result from interference with fungal cell-wall integrity. black triangle In vitro, caspofungin is fungicidal against Candida spp. and fungistatic against Aspergillus spp., but has little or no fungicidal or fungistatic activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, the Zygomycetes, Fusarium spp., or Trichosporon beigelii. black triangle Caspofungin was effective as empirical antifungal therapy in pediatric patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. Almost half (46%) of caspofungin recipients and one-third (32%) of liposomal amphotericin B recipients achieved an overall favorable resp... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2664516 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 09:22:02 +0100 2664516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2664515&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19566111%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carter NJ, Keating GM Intravenous micafungin (Mycamine(R); Funguard(R)) is an echinocandin indicated in Japan and the EU for the treatment of pediatric patients (including neonates) with invasive candidiasis and as prophylaxis against Candida infection in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the EU, micafungin is also indicated in pediatric patients who are expected to have neutropenia for >/=10 days. In Japan, children may also receive micafungin for the treatment of, or as prophylaxis against, invasive Aspergillus infection. Micafungin is not currently approved for use in pediatric patients in the US. Micafungin has very good antifungal activity against a wide range of Candida spp. in vitro. It has a favorable pharmac... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2664515 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 09:22:02 +0100 2664515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2571661&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19566109%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldman RD, Vohra S, Rogovik AL A significant increase in vitamin use has been observed in recent years and interactions between vitamins and medications have been reported. To determine the frequency and types of potential interactions between vitamins and medications in children arriving at a large tertiary, pediatric emergency department. We also compared family characteristics of children with potential interactions with those of children with no potential interactions, in order to determine children at a higher risk. A cross-sectional study in which a survey was conducted of parents/caregivers and/or patients aged 0-18 years registered at a large pediatric emergency department in Canada. A total of 1804 families underwent a face-to-face interview. The main outcome measure... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2571661 Sun, 05 Jul 2009 21:00:06 +0100 2571661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538134&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19445544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weber EH, Timmermans IT, Offringa M In Europe, several national networks have been established to undertake clinical research of medicines for children. In the Netherlands, the Dutch Medicines for Children Research Network (MCRN) was launched in September 2008. The purpose of the Dutch MCRN is to improve the speed, quality, and coordination of clinical drug research in children, ultimately resulting in better patient care. PMID: 19445544 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538134 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:47:04 +0100 2538134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538132&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19445545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reeves G, Anthony B Practice guidelines for the treatment of youth with mental health problems tend to endorse integrating psychopharmacologic treatment with psychosocial interventions, such as psychotherapy and parent skills training. However, poor access to pediatric mental health specialists and inadequate training of primary care physicians in psychosocial interventions make it difficult for families to receive this standard of care. Large pediatric randomized, multicenter trials, including the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) [MTA] and the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), have begun to identify specific advantages of multimodal treatment compared with psychopharmacology alone. Advantages of combined treat... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538132 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:47:04 +0100 2538132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538130&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19445546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keeton CP, Kolos AC, Walkup JT Pediatric generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a variety of events and is accompanied by physical symptoms such as headaches, tension, restlessness, gastrointestinal distress, and heart palpitations. Symptoms impose marked distress and interfere with social, emotional, and educational functioning. GAD occurs in over 10% of children and adolescents, has an average age of onset of 8.5 years, and is more often reported in girls. Common co-occurring conditions include separation anxiety disorder and social phobia. Assessment involves a multi-informant, multi-method approach involving the child, parents, and school teachers. A clinical interview should be conducted to assess for the three prim... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538130 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:47:04 +0100 2538130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538128&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19445547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tighe MP, Afzal NA, Bevan A, Beattie RM Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) is a common phenomenon, characterized by the regurgitation of the gastric contents into the esophagus. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the term applied when GER is associated with sequelae or faltering growth. The main aims of treatment are to alleviate symptoms, promote normal growth, and prevent complications. Medical treatments for children include (i) altering the viscosity of the feeds with alginates; (ii) altering the gastric pH with antacids, histamine H(2) receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors; and (iii) altering the motility of the gut with prokinetics, such as metoclopramide and domperidone. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence base for the medical treatment of g... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538128 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:47:04 +0100 2538128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538126&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19445548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garnock-Jones KP, Keating GM Atomoxetine (Strattera(R)) is a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor that is not classified as a stimulant, and is indicated for use in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Atomoxetine is effective and generally well tolerated. It is significantly more effective than placebo and standard current therapy and does not differ significantly from or is noninferior to immediate-release methylphenidate; however, it is significantly less effective than the extended-release methylphenidate formulation OROS(R) methylphenidate (hereafter referred to as osmotically released methylphenidate) and extended-release mixed amfetamine salts. Atomoxetine can be administered either as a single daily dose or split into tw... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538126 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:47:04 +0100 2538126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2291050&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dupont C, Vernisse B Acute diarrhea caused by an infectious organism is highly prevalent, particularly in developing countries, and is usually self-limiting. The condition is a major contributor to the global disease burden and is associated with a significant economic cost. The disease is common in children aged <5 years. It occurs as the result of exposure to a diarrheogenic agent that alters intestinal absorption and/or secretion, resulting in an increase in the volume of water that enters the colon beyond that which can be absorbed. Diarrhea almost always occurs by one or more of four mechanisms: disruption of osmotic forces in the intestine; disruption of normal secretory processes; disruption of epithelial cells or the epithelial tight junctions; or motility disorders... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2291050 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 16:43:42 +0100 2291050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2291049&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ross KR, Chmiel JF, Konstan MW The lung disease of cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a vicious cycle of airway obstruction, chronic bacterial infection, and vigorous inflammation, which ultimately results in bronchiectasis. Recognition that excessive and persistent inflammation is a key factor in lung destruction has prompted investigation into anti-inflammatory therapies. Although effective, the use of systemic corticosteroids has been limited by the unacceptable adverse effect profile. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are a widely prescribed anti-inflammatory agent in CF, likely as a result of clinicians' familiarity with these agents and their excellent safety profile at low doses in asthmatic patients. However, while multiple studies are limited by small sample size an... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2291049 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 16:43:42 +0100 2291049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2291047&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301933%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the current knowledge about the etiology, investigation, and treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension in the clinical setting. PMID: 19301933 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2291047 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 16:43:42 +0100 2291047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2291042&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301934%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zernikow B, Michel E, Craig F, Anderson BJ Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is provided to children experiencing life-limiting diseases (LLD) or life-threatening diseases (LTD). Sixty to 90% of children with LLD/LTD undergoing PPC receive opioids at the end of life. Analgesia is often insufficient. Reasons include a lack of knowledge concerning opioid prescribing and adjustment of opioid dose to changing requirements. The choice of first-line opioid is based on scientific evidence, pain pathophysiology, and available administration modes. Doses are calculated on a bodyweight basis up to a maximum absolute starting dose. Morphine remains the gold standard starting opioid in PPC. Long-term opioid choice and dose administration is determined by the pathology, analgesic effectivene... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2291042 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 16:43:42 +0100 2291042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2291037&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kunac DL, Kennedy J, Austin N, Reith D Adverse drug events (ADEs) are an important problem in all hospitalized patients as these events represent medication-related patient harm. Few epidemiologic data exist regarding ADEs in the pediatric inpatient setting and, in particular, the economic impact of such ADEs upon the healthcare sector. To evaluate the incidence, preventability, and seriousness of ADEs and potential ADEs occurring in hospitalized children and to examine the cost implications of these ADEs. This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted in the pediatric, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and postnatal wards of a university-affiliated urban general hospital in Dunedin, New Zealand (NZ). The study population was all patients admitted to these ward... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2291037 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 16:43:42 +0100 2291037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2242024&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19266625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19266625 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2242024 Sat, 07 Mar 2009 14:02:06 +0100 2242024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168487&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127940%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koren G, Rieder M, MacLeod SM The vast majority of drugs prescribed for children have not been approved by regulatory agencies for the pediatric age group and, in many cases, have not been studied appropriately. In July 2008, at a meeting of pediatric pharmacologists from over 30 countries and 5 continents in Toronto, ON, Canada, it became apparent that numerous pediatric drug studies are being conducted, often duplicating studies done elsewhere. This is also true for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, as well as for the development of pediatric formulations. Finding simple ways to inform the world about existing data may save time and facilitate efforts. PMID: 19127940 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168487 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168486&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beggs S Australian prescribers have faced many of the same issues as those in other developed countries in relation to medicines for children. Australia represents <1% of the world pharmaceutical market, with the pediatric market being a fraction of this. Thus, Australia's ability to influence the global market has been seen as limited, and it had been hoped that Australian children would benefit from international efforts in the area of medicines for children. This, however, has not eventuated, with there being very little change in the availability of medications for children in Australia over the past 2 decades. A number of reviews have been undertaken looking at the issue of medication for children in Australia and what could be done. Recently, two significant events ha... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168486 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168485&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gazarian M We are experiencing an exciting and unprecedented period in the history of children's medicines globally. Milestone developments unfolding in recent years include the formation of the International Alliance for Better Medicines for Children in 2006 and landmark initiatives by the EU, the World Health Assembly (WHA), and the WHO in 2007. However, the challenges of optimizing the development, wider availability, and routine use of effective, safe, and affordable medicines addressing important child health needs are considerable. Each aspect of this continuum has so far received differential attention. Major initiatives in the US and EU have focused on stimulating research into children's medicines, largely driven by drug regulatory reforms, but with important gaps rem... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168485 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168484&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gazarian M In recent years there has been a rapid and marked increase in global recognition of the need for better medicines for children, with various initiatives being implemented at global and regional levels. These exciting developments are matched by recognition of the need to build greater capacity in the field of pediatric clinical pharmacology and therapeutics to help deliver on the promise of better medicines for children. A range of pediatric medicines researchers, educators, clinical therapeutics practitioners, and experts in drug evaluation, regulation, and broader medicines policy are needed on a larger scale, in both developed and developing world settings. The current and likely future training needs to meet these diverse challenges, the current realities of try... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168484 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168483&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127960%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ito S We discuss the challenges and opportunities we face at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, ON, Canada in conducting clinical investigation in children. Three areas are discussed: (i) the program structure of the Research Institute; (ii) the Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics as a common platform for preclinical studies across the university campus; and (iii) evolving clinical research infrastructure. Because preclinical and clinical investigation are becoming increasingly resource-intensive, we are witnessing a trend toward functional amalgamation of research teams, centralization of major experimental facilities, and the expansion of research infrastructure at local and national levels. Although these trends are common to clinical research in all age groups, pediat... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168483 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168482&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ottaviani PT Physiology and Experimental Medicine at The Hospital For Sick Children (Toronto, ON, Canada) is a multidisciplinary program that brings together significant interdisciplinary and interprofessional activity from different study areas such as: lung and cardiovascular physiology; imaging; metabolism and nutrition; pharmacology; and experimental medicine. The program is comprised of researchers, clinicians, and educators who focus on the study of complex, integrated bodily systems. Special emphasis is placed on investigations which bridge in vitro and in vivo approaches, basic science with clinical applications, experimental models with human disease, and human subject research. PMID: 19127961 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168482 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168481&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koren G Developmental pharmacology is a science that does not start at birth, but rather preconceptionally. However, training for obstetricians, perinatologists, and neonatologists in this field is almost nonexistent. The novel Summer Institute in Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology is presented, with preliminary indications that it fulfils its mandate. PMID: 19127962 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168481 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2168480&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCormack PL, Keam SJ, Bernstein DI, Grimwood K, Linhares AC, Madhi SA, Nakagomi O, Vesikari T Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 is an oral vaccine composed of a monovalent, live, attenuated, human rotavirus strain of G1P[8] type. RIX4414 vaccination in infants aged 6-17 weeks at enrolment provided protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) of any severity and high-level protection against severe RVGE requiring hospitalization in large, randomized clinical trials conducted in a wide range of geographic regions. Protective efficacy was evident over the period (2 months) between the first and second doses of vaccine, and the protection afforded by the full two-dose course was sustained for at least 2 years, the limit to which efficacy was assessed. RIX4414 displayed protective ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2168480 Sun, 08 Feb 2009 21:00:10 +0100 2168480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093280&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macleod SM At the beginning of 2009, we are on the threshold of mobilizing expertise in child health care and pediatric pharmacy and pharmacology in pursuit of worldwide major improvements in drug therapy for children. Momentum is built on progressive legislation on pediatric drug therapy from the US and Europe and on recent advances promoted by the WHO, including publication of an essential medicines list for children. Opportunities abound for research, educational initiatives, and practice improvements likely to bear early fruit in the form of better pharmacotherapy for children and youth. The most pressing challenge remaining is mobilization of a critical mass of caregivers, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other child health professionals prepared to address their skills ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093280 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093279&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127940%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koren G, Rieder M, Macleod SM The vast majority of drugs prescribed for children have not been approved by regulatory agencies for the pediatric age group and, in many cases, have not been studied appropriately. In July 2008, at a meeting of pediatric pharmacologists from over 30 countries and 5 continents in Toronto, ON, Canada, it became apparent that numerous pediatric drug studies are being conducted, often duplicating studies done elsewhere. This is also true for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, as well as for the development of pediatric formulations. Finding simple ways to inform the world about existing data may save time and facilitate efforts. PMID: 19127940 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093279 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093278&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gray A Pediatric pharmacotherapy in Africa is constrained by a variety of factors, not all of them unique to the continent. While affordability of medicines and the availability of sustainable financing for healthcare are constant challenges to African health systems, other issues of particular importance for pediatric care are also hampering access. These include the burden of disease in such settings, the lack of appropriate human resources for health, and the lack of child-appropriate dosage forms, especially for ambulatory care. Access to medicines for children has been recognized as a global priority. Examples of developments that have the potential to improve pediatric pharmacotherapy in resource-constrained settings are the WHO Essential Medicines List for Children and ... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093278 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093277&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saint-Raymond A, Seigneuret N The European Regulation on medicines for pediatric use entered into force on 26 January 2007. It changes dramatically the way medicines are developed for children. This regulation will increase availability of and information on pediatric medicines through high quality, ethical research. PMID: 19127942 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093277 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093276&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seibert-Grafe M, Butzer R, Zepp F Clinical trials in children are mandatory to generate data on new drugs as well as on drugs used off-label or for unlicensed indications. The EU Paediatric Regulation introduced in 2007 provides the background, goals, and requirements for pediatric clinical trials. The German Paediatric Network (PAED-Net) was established in 2002 with a public grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research with the aim of developing competence, infrastructure, networking, and education for pediatric clinical trials. The network, consisting of six pediatric clinical units and a coordinating office, has progressed very well and has achieved valuable improvements concerning the conduct of pediatric clinical trials. In addition, training programs have enc... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093276 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093275&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nunn T The UK has established the National Institute for Health Research Medicines for Children Research Network to provide infrastructure to facilitate the conduct of randomized trials and other well designed studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry and public funding bodies. Clinical Studies Groups of experts establish priorities and assist in the development of protocols whilst Local Research Networks and an Extended Neonatal Network facilitate their implementation and conduct. Two Clinical Trials Units and a co-ordinating center assist in the development and conduct of studies and performance manage the network. Work streams on formulation and experimental medicine have been established. As of August 2008, 16 commercially sponsored studies had been adopted (from 12... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093275 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093274&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Z, Wang Y The population of China is huge and includes 400 million children. For China, as for other countries in the world, there remain a number of questions from the past about drug therapy for children, such as unlicensed and off-label drug usage. Recently, China has updated Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines, including those for pediatric drug clinical trials. Pediatric pharmacology research units need to be set up throughout the country. To provide better medicines to children in China is an enormous undertaking. PMID: 19127945 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093274 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093273&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ceci A, Giaquinto C, Aboulker JP, Baiardi P, Bonifazi F, Della Pasqua O, Nicolosi A, Taruscio D, Sturkenboom M, Wong I The Task-force in Europe for Drug Development for the Young (TEDDY) was established in 2005 to contribute to the promotion of safe and efficacious medicines for children in the context of the impending European Paediatric Regulation that finally came into force in January 2007. The project includes seven objectives and 12 Work-Packages encompassing the main aspects of the development and use of pediatric drugs. TEDDY represents a new entity in the pediatric pharmaceutical field, differing from a Scientific Society, a network for developing research or trials, or a consultative regulatory body. The ambition of TEDDY is to support the existing pediatric networks... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093273 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093272&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127947%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Parental psychopathology and prenatal exposure to maternal alcohol can contribute to the child's behavioral phenotype as measured by the CBCL. Therefore, the CBCL can be used to screen for such behaviors. PMID: 19127947 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093272 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093271&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127948%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Identical maternal ethanol exposure levels produced differing levels of fetal exposure in a dizygotic human twin pair and a series of guinea pig littermates as evidenced through FAEE meconium analysis. These data indicate that the placenta may have a previously unappreciated role in mediating ethanol-induced fetal injury. PMID: 19127948 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093271 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093270&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127949%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Measurement of cocaine hair concentrations can allow estimation of the degree of environmental drug exposure in young children. Infants seem to have a disproportionately increased risk for systemic exposure, compared with older children. PMID: 19127949 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093270 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093269&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia-Bournissen F, Altcheh J, Giglio N, Mastrantonio G, Omar Della Védova C, Koren G Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease endemic in the Americas. It mainly affects impoverished populations and the acute phase of the infection mostly affects children. Many cases have also been detected in nonendemic countries as a result of recent migratory trends. The chronic phase is relatively asymptomatic, but 30% of patients with chronic infection eventually develop cardiac and digestive complications that commonly lead to death or disability. Only two drugs are available for the treatment of Chagas disease, benznidazole and nifurtimox. These drugs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of both acute and early chronic phases in children, but the pharmacokinetic... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093269 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093268&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beggs S Australian prescribers have faced many of the same issues as those in other developed countries in relation to medicines for children. Australia represents <1% of the world pharmaceutical market, with the pediatric market being a fraction of this. Thus, Australia's ability to influence the global market has been seen as limited, and it had been hoped that Australian children would benefit from international efforts in the area of medicines for children. This, however, has not eventuated, with there being very little change in the availability of medications for children in Australia over the past 2 decades. A number of reviews have been undertaken looking at the issue of medication for children in Australia and what could be done. Recently, two significant events ha... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093268 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093267&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gazarian M We are experiencing an exciting and unprecedented period in the history of children's medicines globally. Milestone developments unfolding in recent years include the formation of the International Alliance for Better Medicines for Children in 2006 and landmark initiatives by the EU, the World Health Assembly (WHA), and the WHO in 2007. However, the challenges of optimizing the development, wider availability, and routine use of effective, safe, and affordable medicines addressing important child health needs are considerable. Each aspect of this continuum has so far received differential attention. Major initiatives in the US and EU have focused on stimulating research into children's medicines, largely driven by drug regulatory reforms, but with important gaps rem... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093267 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093266&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zajicek A The majority of drugs used to treat children are not labeled for use in children. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2002, re-authorized as the US FDA Amendments Act of 2007, directs the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to sponsor pediatric clinical trials of drugs lacking patent protection, if the FDA request for studies has been declined. The NIH is currently sponsoring 17 clinical studies. Challenges encountered include a paucity of investigators who are trained in pediatric clinical pharmacology; inadequate knowledge of the mechanisms of drug action in a growing child; and lack of pediatric formulations. PMID: 19127953 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093266 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093265&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rieder M Canada has a long tradition of undertaking research and training in pediatric clinical pharmacology, and has one of the longest continuous enterprises in this field in the world. Training in pediatric clinical pharmacology in Canada is nationally accredited and rigorous. Canada has the largest number of pediatric clinical pharmacologists per capita of any country on earth, but to date there have been no federally supported initiatives for child-focused drug research. The recent development of a unique national network focused on drug safety - the Genotypic Approaches to Therapy in Children - has provided a framework that it hopes will facilitate networking as well as the development of coordinated national and hopefully international initiatives in pediatric therapeut... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093265 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093264&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kozer E Medication errors commonly involve children, with dosing errors being the most common. Medication errors are more frequent among the most sick patients who have urgent and complex medical conditions. Physicians who are less experienced, tired, depressed, and burnt out make more errors. The systems approach views every medical error as a system failure. The focus is on how to change the system in order to prevent errors. Adopting the systems approach will enhance patients' safety. Strategies that have been found to be effective in reducing medication errors include the use of computerized physician order entry systems, pre-printed order forms, color-coded systems, and involving pharmacists in clinical care. PMID: 19127955 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Dr... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093264 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093263&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Knoppert DC Appropriate dosage forms of medication are often not available for use in newborns, infants, and young children. This is a worldwide phenomenon, but especially in developing countries. The WHO's 'Make medicines child size' campaign emphasizes this shortcoming. Professional organizations, industry, and government from the international arena have the resources to address this and need to work together to create solutions. PMID: 19127956 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093263 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093262&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rose K A paradigm change is taking place from protecting children against clinical research to protecting them through research. It is based on a better scientific understanding of the child's physiology, on the increasing potential of biomedical interventions, and on an evolving conviction of children's right to benefit from scientific and pharmaceutical progress. The WHO campaign 'Make medicines child size' is contributing to expand this to a global vision of the health of all children. Research-based pharmaceutical industry develops innovative new medicines for serious and life-threatening diseases. It has built up competency in pediatric drug development and has welcomed US and EU pediatric legislation as well as the WHO campaign. More diseases without effective therapy in... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093262 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093261&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koren G Established in 1979, the Toronto Program in Pediatric Pharmacology has trained pediatricians and pharmacists from over 30 countries and five continents. Within the training guidelines of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the philosophy of the program is tailoring the goals to meet the specific needs and career goals of each trainee. The program will continue to prepare pediatricians for the rapidly changing challenges of rational drug therapy for children. PMID: 19127958 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093261 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093260&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gazarian M In recent years there has been a rapid and marked increase in global recognition of the need for better medicines for children, with various initiatives being implemented at global and regional levels. These exciting developments are matched by recognition of the need to build greater capacity in the field of pediatric clinical pharmacology and therapeutics to help deliver on the promise of better medicines for children. A range of pediatric medicines researchers, educators, clinical therapeutics practitioners, and experts in drug evaluation, regulation, and broader medicines policy are needed on a larger scale, in both developed and developing world settings. The current and likely future training needs to meet these diverse challenges, the current realities of try... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093260 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093259&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127960%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ito S We discuss the challenges and opportunities we face at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, ON, Canada in conducting clinical investigation in children. Three areas are discussed: (i) the program structure of the Research Institute; (ii) the Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics as a common platform for preclinical studies across the university campus; and (iii) evolving clinical research infrastructure. Because preclinical and clinical investigation are becoming increasingly resource-intensive, we are witnessing a trend toward functional amalgamation of research teams, centralization of major experimental facilities, and the expansion of research infrastructure at local and national levels. Although these trends are common to clinical research in all age groups, pediat... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093259 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093258&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ottaviani PT Physiology and Experimental Medicine at The Hospital For Sick Children (Toronto, ON, Canada) is a multidisciplinary program that brings together significant interdisciplinary and interprofessional activity from different study areas such as: lung and cardiovascular physiology; imaging; metabolism and nutrition; pharmacology; and experimental medicine. The program is comprised of researchers, clinicians, and educators who focus on the study of complex, integrated bodily systems. Special emphasis is placed on investigations which bridge in vitro and in vivo approaches, basic science with clinical applications, experimental models with human disease, and human subject research. PMID: 19127961 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093258 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093257&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koren G Developmental pharmacology is a science that does not start at birth, but rather preconceptionally. However, training for obstetricians, perinatologists, and neonatologists in this field is almost nonexistent. The novel Summer Institute in Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology is presented, with preliminary indications that it fulfils its mandate. PMID: 19127962 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs) Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093257 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2093256&cid=s_36854_33_f&fid=36854&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19127963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCormack PL, Keam SJ Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 is an oral vaccine composed of a monovalent, live, attenuated, human rotavirus strain of G1P[8] type.RIX4414 vaccination in infants aged 6-17 weeks at enrolment provided protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) of any severity and high-level protection against severe RVGE requiring hospitalization in large, randomized clinical trials conducted in a wide range of geographic regions. Protective efficacy was evident over the period (2 months) between the first and second doses of vaccine, and the protection afforded by the full two-dose course was sustained for at least 2 years, the limit to which efficacy was assessed. RIX4414 displayed protective efficacy against the common rotavirus G, P[8] types (G1P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8... Paediatric Drugs journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2093256 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:41:10 +0100 2093256