MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Pediatric Exercise Science' source. Wed, 28 Dec 2011 17:30:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448736&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rumpf MC, Cronin JB, Oliver JL, Hughes M Abstract The primary purpose of this paper was to provide insight into the methodological issues and associated reliability of assessments used to quantify running sprint ability in youth athletes aged 8-18 years. Over-ground sprinting was the most reliable and common used choice of assessment to measure sprint performance of youth. In addition, the performance data of those athletes over distances ranging from 5 to 40 meters was collated from 34 published articles and tabulated with regards to the athlete's chronological age. Torque or nonmotorized treadmills have been used to quantify sprint performance in youth with acceptable reliability, this technology providing deeper insight into sprint kinetics and kinematics; however there... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448736 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448735&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109774%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin A, McNeill M, Penpraze V, Dall P, Granat M, Paton JY, Reilly JJ Abstract The Actigraph is well established for measurement of both physical activity and sedentary behavior in children. The activPAL is being used increasingly in children, though with no published evidence on its use in free-living children to date. The present study compared the two monitors in preschool children. Children (n 23) wore both monitors simultaneously during waking hours for 5.6d and 10h/d. Daily mean percentage of time sedentary (nontranslocation of the trunk) was 74.6 (SD 6.8) for the Actigraph and 78.9 (SD 4.3) for activPAL. Daily mean percentage of time physically active (light intensity physical activity plus MVPA) was 25.4 (SD 6.8) for the Actigraph and 21.1 (SD 4.3) for the activPA... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448735 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448734&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schöffl I, Schöffl V, Dötsch J, Dörr HG, Jüngert J Abstract Over the last years concerns have been raised about the health effects particularly on young climbers due to the observation of short stature with low body weight and body fat in sports climbers. The aim of this study was to investigate anthropometric and hormonal data for climbers of the German Junior national team. 16 climbers were compared with 14-age matched nonclimbers with respect to several anthropometric variables, leptin level, and climbing characteristics. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) for boys were not significantly different from the controls, whereas girls had significantly lower SDS-values for weight and BMI. In comparison with the control group boys an... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448734 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448733&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109776%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the contributions of home, school, and neighborhood factors related to youth physical activity (PA). Adolescents (ages 12-18; N = 137) and parents of younger children (ages 5-11; N = 104) from three US metropolitan areas completed surveys. Youth PA was estimated from six items assessing overall physical activity. Bivariate analyses between environment factors and PA were significant correlations in each environmental setting for adolescents (r's:0.16-0.28), but for parents of children, only for the home and neighborhood settings (r's: 0.14-0.39). For adolescents, pieces of equipment at home, family recreation membership, equipment at school, and neighborhood aesthetics explained 15.8% of variance in PA. For younger children (based on parent report), pieces of equipment ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448733 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448732&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109777%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determined to what extent the variance in motor coordination might be explained by morphological and fitness characteristics. To postulate understanding of this association during childhood, 613 boys aged 7-11 years completed the morphological measurements, the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) and different fitness tests. The results demonstrated a substantial interrelationship among morphology, fitness and motor coordination in elementary school boys. The magnitude of explained variance and the loadings of the canonical correlation between the several constructs are strongly pronounced during childhood indicating that these constructs should be well considered given their contribution to a child's general development. PMID: 22109777 [PubMed - in process] (Source: ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448732 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448731&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109778%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to identify intrapersonal, behavioral, and environmental factors associated with engaging in recommended levels of physical activity among rural Latino middle school youth. Data were from an anonymous survey of 773 Latino youth (51% female) about level of and barriers and motivators to physical activity, risk behaviors, and park use. Logistic regression models identified factors correlated with meeting recommended levels of physical activity (5 days or more 3 60 min/day). Thirty-four percent of girls and 41% of boys reported meeting this physical activity recommendation. Participation in an organized after school activity (p < .001) and in physical education (PE) classes 5 days a week (p < .001) were strongly associated with meeting recommended physical activity leve... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448731 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448730&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rikberg A, Raudsepp L Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether anthropometric, physical, psychological, and skill test results could be used to discriminate between male junior volleyball players of varying ability. A total of 66 elite and nonelite male Estonian volleyball players aged 16-17 years were measured for anthropometric and physical variables and sport-specific skills. In addition, the players' provided self-reports of dispositional achievement goals, perceived sport competence and enjoyment and their game intelligence was measured. Selected youth players scored better than nonselected youth players on physical (explosive strength), technical (passing and spiking), and cognitive (game intelligence) characteristics and reported higher mastery-ap... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448730 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448729&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109780%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the feasibility and reliability of a 12 × 25-m repeated sprint test with sprints starting every 25-s in children aged 6-8 years (36 boys, 41 girls). In all subjects, total sprint time (TST) demonstrated high test-retest reliability (ICC: r = .98; CV: 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6-0.9)). While sprint time varied over the 12 sprints in all subjects (p < .001) with a significant increase in time for the third effort onwards compared with the first sprint (p < .001), there was no difference in performance between genders. In all subjects, TST decreased with age (p < .001) and was accompanied by an increase in estimated anaerobic power (p < .001) but also in sprint time decrement percentage (p < .001). Gender did not effect these changes. The present study demonstrat... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448729 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448728&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faigenbaum AD, Farrell A, Fabiano M, Radler T, Naclerio F, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Myer GD Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) during physical education (PE) class on selected measures of health- and skill-related fitness in children. Forty children from two 2nd grade PE classes were cluster randomized into either an INT group (n = 21) or a control (CON) group (n = 19). INT was performed 2×/wk during the first ∼15 min of each PE class and consisted of body weight exercises. INT and CON participants were assessed for health- and skill-related fitness before and after 8 wks of PE with or without INT, respectively. A significant interaction of group by time was observed in INT participants with improvements no... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448728 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448727&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109782%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the utility of a multi-method approach (accelerometers plus direct observation) to better understand youth PA at recess. A total of 100 third through fifth grade children (52 males and 48 females) wore an Actigraph accelerometer during school recess for five consecutive days in both Fall and Spring. Trained observers coded PA behaviors at the same recess periods using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activities (SOPLAY). Overall, gender comparisons based on both instruments indicated that boys were more active than girls. MVPA levels were higher during climbing/sliding activities (40-50%) and when the activity setting was supervised and equipped (30%). Both assessments indicated that boys were more active but the contextual data from the SOPLAY indicate that d... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448727 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448726&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109783%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that a physical activity program implemented by staff within a preschool setting is feasible, acceptable and potentially efficacious. PMID: 22109783 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448726 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5448725&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22109784%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determined dietary intake and energy balance of elite premenarcheal rhythmic gymnasts during their preseason training. Forty rhythmic gymnasts and 40 sedentary age-matched females (10-12 yrs) participated in the study. Anthropometric profile and skeletal ages were determined. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed to estimate daily energy intake, daily energy expenditure, and resting metabolic rate. Groups demonstrated comparable height, bone age, pubertal development, resting metabolic rate. Gymnasts had lower body mass, BMI, body fat than age-matched controls. Although groups demonstrated comparable daily energy intake, gymnasts exhibited a higher daily energy expenditure resulting in a daily energy deficit. Gymnasts also had higher carbohydrate intake but lower fa... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5448725 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5448725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321685&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21987837%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowland T PMID: 21987837 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321685 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5321685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182566&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Obeid J, Larché MJ, Timmons BW Abstract The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) can assess muscle function in youth with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our objective was to compare peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) when the WAnT is performed with a standard vs. an optimized braking force. Eight patients with JIA between the ages of 8 and 18 participated in two sessions. Optimal braking force was determined with a series of 15-s force-velocity tests performed against braking forces ranging from 3.5 to 8.5% of body weight. Participants then performed two randomized WAnTs against the standard (4.5%) and optimal braking forces. PP tended to be greater in the optimized vs. standard WAnT (12.5 ± 2.6 vs. 10.8 ± 1.0 W/kg, respectively; p = .07). No differences were observed f... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182566 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182565&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bottaro M, Brown LE, Celes R, Martorelli S, Carregaro R, de Brito Vidal JC Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different rest intervals and contraction velocities on muscle recovery following resistance exercise. 18 children (11.1 ± 0.52 yrs) and 19 adolescents (15.8 ± 0.49 yrs) performed three sets of 10 isokinetic repetitions at 60°/s and 180°/s. The work-to-rest ratio (W/R) was 1:2 and 1:4 for 60°/s, and 1:6 and 1:12 for 180°/s. ANOVA revealed that children demonstrated no significant decline in PT from the first to third set with any rest interval, but there was a significant (p < .05) decline for adolescents when a W/R of 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 were used. Adolescents demonstrated significantly greater blood lactate (BLa) concentrations t... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182565 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182564&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Larouche R, Lloyd M, Knight E, Tremblay MS Abstract The current investigation assessed the impact of active school transportation (AST) on average daily step counts, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 315 children in Grades 4-6 who participated to Cycle 2 of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) pilot testing. T-tests revealed a significant association between AST and lower BMI values (18.7 ± 3.3 vs. 19.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2). The active commuters accumulated an average of 662 more steps per day, and their waist circumference was lower by an average of 3.1 cm, but these differences were not statistically significant. ANCOVA analyses controlling for age and step counts, found trends toward lower BMI and waist circumference values among the active commu... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182564 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182563&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881154%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neissaar I, Raudsepp L Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationships between naturally occurring changes in leisure-time physical activity, depressive symptoms and self-efficacy in adolescent girls. We also aimed to test whether depressive symptoms would moderate the self-efficacy-physical activity relationship. Participants were 181 urban adolescent girls. Physical activity was measured using the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall. Self-efficacy and depressive symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. Body height and body mass were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Data were collected on three occasions over a 2-year period. There was a decrease in physical activity and self-efficacy and increase in depressive symptoms ac... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182563 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182562&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JD, Sterrett LE, Guth LM, Konopka AR, Mahon AD Abstract Carbohydrate (CHO) consumption before anaerobic exercise was studied in 13 adolescent boys (15.2 ± 0.9 yrs). A within subjects design was employed where subjects consumed a 22% CHO or volume-matched placebo (PL) beverage 30-min before anaerobic exercise on two separate days. Exercise consisted of a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), ten by 10-s-sprints, and a second WAnT. Fatigue index and peak power (PP) were similar while mean power (MP) was higher (p < .025) in CHO trial; however this difference was ascribed to initial WAnT performance. PP and MP for the 10-s sprints were similar between trials. Intravenous blood glucose and insulin concentrations were higher (p < .05) in the CHO trial while lactate and cate... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182562 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182561&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881156%26dopt%3DAbstract This study sought to assess criterion validity of the Actical monitor step-count function in children via ankle and waist placement, compared with observed video recordings. Children attending a summer program (12 boys, 7 girls, mean age = 9.6yrs, range 7-11yrs) wore two synchronized Acticals, attached at the ankle (AA) and waist (AW). Children performed treadmill walking at varying speeds, and two research assistants counted steps using observed video recordings (OVR). Results showed high correlations for AW-OVR (r = .927, p < .001) and AA-OVR (r = .854, p < .001), but AW and AA were significantly lower than OVR (t > 11.2, p < .001). AW provided better step estimates than AA for step rates above 130 steps per minute. In contrast, AA was superior to AW for slow walking, and mea... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182561 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182560&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881157%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, physical activity (PA) was objectively measured in 213 Belgian preschoolers (Mage = 4.98, SD = .88 years) over 4 consecutive days including two weekend days. Within-day variability in PA showed a typical activity pattern during weekdays and weekend days. Weekdays clearly reflected a preschool attending day with more peaks and troughs than weekend days and after-school hours were characterized by a decrease in activity. Between-day variability in PA was identified in preschool girls above the age of four, suggesting that the lack of a structured preschool environment is already related with a decrease in PA in this sex-specific age group. The results of this study are informative for the development of future PA interventions and indicate that both the preschool and the home ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182560 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182559&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garner JC, Macdonald C, Wade C, Johnson A, Ford MA Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of segmental mass and body composition on the upper extremity biomechanics of overweight youth participating in baseball activities. The study used a regression framework to investigate the relationship between whole body, throwing arm segmental mass and body composition measures to kinetic variables about the shoulder and elbow. The multivariate regression results indicated a strong positive significant relationship between each of the mass variables to that of the moment variables about the shoulder and elbow. Participants who had a greater percentage of fat mass produced greater injury correlated moments about the shoulder and elbow. PMID:... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182559 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182558&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Winkler BE, Tetzlaff K, Muth CM, Paulat K, Hebestreit H Abstract The purpose of this study was to monitor heart rate (HR) and rhythm during open water SCUBA dives. Nine children performed 25-min open water SCUBA dives to 8 m depth. Before, during and after these dives, ECG was recorded. Compared with predive heart rate, heart rate declined by -24 ± 8% (range -36%; -15%) during the dive. In some children a further decline in HR was observed within the last minutes of the dive. Older and taller subjects and those with a high initial HR showed a more pronounced decline in HR. Furthermore singular supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles were observed in some children. Immersion as well as facial and skin cooling presumably account for the initial decline in heart rate.... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182558 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182557&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duncan S, White K, Sa'ulilo L, Schofield G Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the convergent validity of a new piezoelectric pedometer and an omnidirectional accelerometer for assessing children's time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).A total of 114 children (51 boys, 63 girls) aged 5-11 years wore a sealed NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometer (New Lifestyles Inc, Lee's Summit, MO) and an Actical accelerometer (Mini Mitter, Bend, OR) over one school day. The NL-1000 pedometers were randomized to one of two manual intensity thresholds used to define MVPA (1): Level 3 = 2.9 metabolic equivalent test (MET) and (2) Level 4 = 3.6 MET. Compared with the Actical, the NL-1000 underestimated the time spent in MVPA by 37% and 45% at intensity levels 3 and ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182557 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182556&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21881161%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McMurray RG, Hosick PA Abstract The study evaluated the interactions of puberty and obesity on substrate oxidation of overweight girls (n = 38) and boys (N = 35; BMI > 85th percentile) matched for gender, age, and puberty (pre/pubertal) with normal weight girls and boys. Metabolic rates (VO2) were obtained during rest and at 4, 5.6 and 8 k/h. Carbohydrate oxidation rates (mg/kgFFM/min) adjusted for % predicted VO2max, were higher for prepubertal OW children than pubertal children (p < .03). Fat oxidation rates were higher for NW prepubertal boys compared with other boys. Results indicate that OW children, regardless of gender or pubertal status, increase their carbohydrate oxidation rate to compensate for higher than normal metabolic rates. The effects of obesity on ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182556 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5078244&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21789835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowland T PMID: 21789835 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5078244 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5078244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928970&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633131%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gutin B, Owens S The purposes of this article were to (1): review recent studies of relations between physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers of youths (2); highlight areas in which additional research is needed; and (3) make recommendations for preventive interventions. Observational studies show that youths who engage in high amounts of moderate-vigorous physical activity display a more favorable cardiometabolic biomarker profile than youths who engage in lesser amounts of moderate-vigorous physical activity. Intervention studies in obese youths show that favorable changes in biomarkers are produced by moderate-vigorous physical activity doses of 150-180 min/week. However, for nonobese youths, intervention studies suggest that such doses are not effective; higher mo... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928970 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928969&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633132%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Behringer M, Vom Heede A, Matthews M, Mester J The recent literature delineates resistance training in children and adolescents to be effective and safe. However, only little is known about the transfer of achieved strength gains to athletic performance. The present meta-analysis revealed a combined mean effect size for motor skill types jumping, running, and throwing of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.33-0.71). Effect sizes for each of aforementioned skill types separately were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.34-0.74), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.23-0.83), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.19-1.79) respectively. Furthermore, it could be shown that younger subjects and nonathletes showed higher gains in motor performance following resistance training than their counterparts and that specific resistance training regimes were not advan... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928969 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928968&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633133%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chillón P, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Martínez-Gómez D, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Widhalm K, Molnar D, Gottrand F, González-Gross M, Ward DS, Moreno LA, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M We assessed commuting patterns in adolescents from 10 European cities and examined associations with physical activity (PA). A total of 3112 adolescents were included. PA was objectively measured with accelerometry. Commuting patterns and overall PA were self-reported using questions from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire modified for adolescents (IPAQ-A). Adolescents reported to spend 30 min (15,60) [expressed as median (25th, 75th percentiles)] walking. In boys, associations between active commuting (walking and biking) and PA levels were observed for moderate, moderate-t... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928968 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928967&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633134%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kwon S, Janz KF, Burns TL, Levy SM The purpose of this study was to examine whether the association between daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and total body fat mass changes during childhood. The study sample was 577 children participating in the longitudinal Iowa Bone Development Study. Body fat mass and physical activity (PA) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and accelerometers, respectively, at approximately 5, 8, and 11 years of age. Age- and gender-specific multivariable linear regression models were fit to predict fat mass by LPA, adjusted for actual age, birth weight, fat-free mass, height, moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA, and physical maturity (only for girls). Among boys, LPA was negatively associated with fat mass at age 11, bu... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928967 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928966&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murtagh EM, Murphy MH The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the physical activity levels of 9-11 year old children, and (2) compare the activity levels of children who commute to school by active and passive modes. 140 children aged 9-11 years (85 boys) were recruited from four urban Irish schools. Mode of commuting was assessed by questionnaire. Step counts were measured for 4 consecutive days. Mean daily step counts for the sample were 14386 ± 5634. Boys were significantly more active than girls (15857 ± 5482 vs. 12113 ± 5127 steps). Eighty-seven children (62.1%) traveled by car, 51 children (36.4%) walked to school, one child traveled by bus and one child cycled. Children who walked or cycled to school had higher daily step counts than those who traveled by pass... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928966 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928965&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Inchley J, Kirby J, Currie C The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' physical self-perceptions and their associations with physical activity using a longitudinal perspective. Utilizing data from the Physical Activity in Scottish Schoolchildren (PASS) study, changes in exercise self-efficacy, perceived competence, global self-esteem and physical self-worth were assessed among a sample of 641 Scottish adolescents from age 11-15 years. Girls reported lower levels of perceived competence, self-esteem and physical self-worth than boys at each age. Furthermore, girls' physical self-perceptions decreased markedly over time. Among boys, only perceived competence decreased, while global self-esteem increased. Baseline physical activity was a significant predictor of later... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928965 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928964&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nguyen T, Obeid J, Timmons BW The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of short-term power output, heart rate (HR) response during and after a treadmill test, and time to complete a 25-m dash in healthy preschool children. Thirty-two 3- to 5-year-old boys and girls completed two sessions approximately one week apart. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to evaluate reliability. Power output was found to be reliable with ICCs ranging from 0.83 to 0.93 and CVs from 8.1 to 9.7%. Time to complete the 25-m dash was highly reliable (ICC = 0.91, CV = 3.7%). Reliability for HR at submaximal exercise (ICC = 0.28, CV = 18.8%) and HR recovery (ICC = 0.42, CV = 14.0%) was not as strong. These findings should assist in... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928964 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928963&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633138%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, applicability of PAL values recommended for adult athletes to estimate energy requirements in adolescent athletes must be questioned. Instead, a PAL range of 1.75-2.05 is suggested. PMID: 21633138 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928963 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928962&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hong HR, Cho JK, Lee JY, Park JK, Kang HS The present study investigated the relationships among metabolic risk factors, major lifestyle factors, and serum cytokines in a sample of Korean children. In a cross-sectional design, we studied a total of 275 children (130 boys and 145 girls) aged 12-13 years. Measured variables included anthropometrics, blood pressures (BP), VO2max, physical activity (PA), dietary intakes, lipids, glucose, and insulin. We explored the extent to which dietary intakes, VO2max, PA, and serum cytokines explained variance in a clustered risk score, which is a sum of Z scores for waist circumference, BP, TG, HDLC, and HOMA-IR, using a stepwise linear regression by blocks. VO2max, vigorous PA (VPA), and leptin were independent predictors for the clustered ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928962 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928961&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21633140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sacheck JM, Nelson T, Ficker L, Kafka T, Kuder J, Economos CD Amid the childhood obesity epidemic, understanding how organized sports participation contributes to meeting physical activity recommendations in children is important. Anthropometrics were measured in children (n = 111; 68% female, 9.1 ± 0.8yr) before one 50-min soccer match. Time spent at different physical activity intensity levels was examined using Actigraph accelerometers. 49% of the match time was spent in sedentary activity (25.4 ± 5.7 min), while 33% of the match (16.9 ± 4.7 min) was spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA; p < .001). 22.5% of the children were overweight/obese and spent more time in sedentary activity (+3.2 ± 1.2 min; p < .05) and less time in MVPA (-3.0 ± 1.0 min; p < .... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928961 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4885060&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21598741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowland T PMID: 21598741 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4885060 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4885060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730780&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bruno PM, Pereira FD, Fernandes R, de Mendonça GV The responses to supramaximal exercise testing have been traditionally analyzed by means of standard parametric and nonparametric statistics. Unfortunately, these statistical approaches do not allow insight into the pattern of variation of a given parameter over time. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of dynamic factor analysis (DFA) allowed discriminating different patterns of power output (PO), during supramaximal exercise, in two groups of children engaged in competitive sports: swimmers and soccer players. Data derived from Wingate testing were used in this study. Analyses were performed on epochs (30 s) of upper and lower body PO obtained from twenty two healthy boys (11 swimmers and 11 soccer ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730780 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730779&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hasson CJ, Heffernan KS The genesis of human movement involves a complex series of events that depend on the integrated physiology of the neural, muscular, skeletal, metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Since each of us has a unique set of physical attributes, such as muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and skeletal structure, our movement patterns serve as another set of "fingerprints". For instance, we can often tell that it is our friend in the distance by the characteristic way that they walk. Key to our ability to distinguish such movement patterns is the way in which the patterns evolve over time. If someone showed you a cine film depicting your friend's walking silhouette, but first chopped up the film, shuffled the pieces around, and glued the film back to... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730779 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730778&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467587%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study DFA was applied to the upper and lower body PO curves generated by 11-12 year-old swimmers and soccer players, comparing this technique to a standard statistical assessment to see if DFA detected additional differences in the PO curves of participants. PMID: 21467587 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730778 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730777&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yao M, Ludwa I, Corbett L, Klentrou P, Bonsu P, Gammage K, Falk B Bone properties, reflected by speed of sound (SOS), and physical activity levels were examined in overweight (OW) girls (n = 19) and adolescents (n = 22), in comparison with normal-weight (NW) girls (n = 21) and adolescents (n = 13). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was higher in NW than in OW in both age groups. Tibial SOS was lower in OW compared with NW in both age groups. MVPA correlated with tibial SOS, once age was partialed out. The results suggest that overweight girls and adolescents are characterized by low tibial SOS, which may be partially attributed to lower physical activity levels. PMID: 21467588 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730777 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730776&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467589%26dopt%3DAbstract This study assessed the nature of the perceived exertion response to treadmill running in 14 healthy 7-8 year-old children, using the Eston-Parfitt (E-P) Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and a marble dropping task. For the E-P scale and the marble dropping task, the relationships between the RPE and work rate were best described as linear (R2 = .96) and curvilinear (R2 = .94), respectively. This study further suggests that individual respiratory-metabolic cues (oxygen uptake: O2, heart rate: HR, ventilation: VE) may significantly influence the overall RPE to varying degrees in young children. The E-P scale provides an intuitively meaningful and valid means of quantifying the overall perception of exertion in young, healthy children during treadmill running. The marble dropping tas... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730776 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730775&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rittenhouse M, Salvy SJ, Barkley JE The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of physical and sedentary activity normal-weight and at-risk-for/overweight boys perform when alone, with a peer of similar weight and with a peer of different weight. Participants included boys, ages 8-12 years, classified as either normal-weight (<85th BMI percentile; N = 12) or at-risk-for/overweight (<85th BMI percentile; N = 12). At-risk-for/ overweight boys allocated a greater amount of time to sedentary activities and accumulated fewer accelerometer counts than normal-weight boys in the alone condition. Once paired with a peer of either similar or different weight there were no differences between groups. These results indicate the presence of an unknown peer has a positive e... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730775 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730774&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hilland TA, Ridgers ND, Stratton G, Fairclough SJ The study investigated associations between selected physical activity correlates among 299 adolescents (90 boys, age 12-14 years) from 3 English schools. Physical activity was assessed by self-report and accelerometry. Correlates represented biological, predisposing, and demographic factors as described in the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model. Boys engaged in more self-reported (p < .01) and accelerometer assessed physical activity than girls (p = .02). Positive associations between sex (male), BMI, Perceived PE Ability, Perceived PE Worth, number of enrolled students, and physical activity outcomes were evident (p < .05). School-based physical activity promotion should emphasize sex-specific enhancement of studen... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730774 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730773&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Panter J, Jones A, Van Sluijs E, Griffin S The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between active commuting behavior, levels of physical activity and distance to school in 9-10 year old children. Participants were children (n = 1824) who took part in the SPEEDY study (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behavior: Environmental Determinants in Young people). For both boys and girls, significant positive associations were observed between walking to school and physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during weekday journey times (8-9am and 3-4pm), and the size of association also became stronger with increasing distance from school. Promotion of active commuting to school might be an important way to increase levels of physic... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730773 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730772&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467593%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the predictors of aerobic fitness (VO2PEAK) in young children on a population-base. Participants were 436 children (229 boys and 207 girls) aged 6.7 ± 0.4 yrs. VO2PEAK was measured during a maximal treadmill exercise test. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers. Total body fat and total fat free mass were estimated from skinfold measurements. Regression analyses indicated that significant predictors for VO2PEAK per kilogram body mass were total body fat, maximal heart rate, sex, and age. Physical activity explained an additional 4-7%. Further analyses showed the main contributing factors for absolute values of VO2PEAK were fat free mass, maximal heart rate, sex, and age. Physical activity explained an additional 3-6%. PMID: 21467593 [PubMed - in proce... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730772 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730771&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hayes HM, Eisenmann JC, Heelen KA, Welk GJ, Tucker JM The purpose of this study was to determine the joint association of fatness and physical activity on resting blood pressure in children. Subjects included 157 children (age 5.5-9.5 years). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, min/day), body fatness, and resting blood pressure were measured. Four categories were created by cross tabulation of high/normal levels of fatness and high/low levels of MVPA. There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure across the fat/MVPA groups (p < .05). Regardless of participating in an acceptable level of MVPA, overfat children had higher resting systolic blood pressure than normal fat children. MVPA did not significantly attenuate blood pr... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730771 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730770&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467595%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dunton GF, Atienza AA, Tscherne J, Rodriguez D Research sought to identify combinations of risk and protective factors predicting change in physical activity (PA) over one year in high school students. Adolescents (N = 344; M = 15.7 years) participated in a longitudinal study with assessment of demographics, substance use/smoking exposure, height and weight, psychological factors, and PA in 10th and 11th grade. PA participation in 11th grade was greatest for adolescents who engaged in PA and had high sports competence (78%), and least for adolescents who did not engage in or enjoy PA (13%) in 10th grade. Identifying adolescent subgroups at risk for decreasing PA can inform the development of tailored interventions. PMID: 21467595 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Ex... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730770 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730769&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zakrzewski J, Tolfrey K Consensus on the exercise protocol used to measure Fatmax (exercise intensity corresponding to maximum fat oxidation (MFO)) in children has not been reached. The present study compared Fatmax estimated using the 3 min incremental cycling protocol (3-INC) and a protocol consisting of several 10 min constant work rate exercise bouts (10-CWR) in 26 prepubertal children. Group Fatmax values were the same for 3-INC and 10-CWR (55% VO2peak) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were ± 7% VO2peak. Group MFO values were similar between protocols, although 95% LoA were -94 to 113 mg·min-1. While 3-INC provides a valid estimation of Fatmax compared with 10-CWR, caution should be exercised when estimating MFO in prepubertal children. PMID: 21467596 [PubMed - in ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730769 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730768&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467597%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, 10 repetitions of either low or high velocity isokinetic contractions (Isok60 or Isok300) resulted in full recovery or potentiation of most measures within 2 min in boys. The potentiation effect predominantly occurred following the hamstrings Isok300 which might be attributed to a greater agonist-antagonist torque balance and less metabolic stress associated with the shorter duration higher velocity contractions. PMID: 21467597 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730768 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730767&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21467598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Acero RM, Fernández-Del Olmo M, Sánchez JA, Otero XL, Aguado X, Rodríguez FA The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of the squat jump test (SJ) and countermovement jump test (CMJ), in fifty-six children (30 girls and 26 boys) with ages ranging from 6 to 8 years. Each subject performed two evaluation sessions (T1, T2) with seven days between tests. The results show that the CMJ test has a high intratrial reproducibility in T1 and T2 measured through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC ≥ 0.95). The ICC for the SJ test had a high value (0.99) only in T1. The variability for both tests among children under 9 years of age is higher than those reported for adult subjects in other studies. The intersession reliability was questionable with a high methodical e... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730767 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4730767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377844&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242600%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results suggest that the relationship between MSS and MAS is not affected by maturation. PMID: 21242600 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377844 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377843&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242601%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a school-based PA intervention had little effect on QoL in elementary school children. PMID: 21242601 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377843 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377842&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242602%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined differences between objective (accelerometer) and subjective (selfreport) measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth. Participants included 2761 youth aged 12-19 years. Within each sex and race group, objective and self-reported measures of MVPA were poorly correlated (R² = .01-.10). Self-reported MVPA values were higher than objective values (median: 42.4 vs. 15.0 min/d). 65.4% of participants over-reported their MVPA by ³5 min/d. The difference between self-reported and objective measures was not influenced by sex, age, or race. There was, however, a systematic difference such that inactive participants over-reported their MVPA to the greatest extent. PMID: 21242602 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377842 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377841&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242603%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Graves L EF, Ridgers ND, Atkinson G, Stratton G Active video game interventions typically provide children a single game that may become unappealing. A peripheral device (jOG) encourages step-powered gaming on multiple games. This trial evaluated the effect of jOG on children's objectively measured PA, body fat and self-reported behaviors. 42 of 58 eligible children (8-10 y) randomly assigned to an intervention (jOG) or control (CON) completed the trial. Intervention children received two jOG devices for home use. Analyses of covariance compared the intervention effect at 6 and 12 weeks from baseline. No differences were found between groups for counts per minute (CPM; primary outcome) at 6 and 12 weeks (p > .05). Active video gaming increased (adjusted change 0.95 (95% CI ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377841 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377840&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242604%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, boys and girls demonstrated similar changes in indicators of central fatigue (50-60% decrease) and peripheral fatigue (45-55% decrease) after MVC before and after PT. PMID: 21242604 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377840 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377839&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242605%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Templeton DL, Kelly AS, Steinberger J, Dengel DR We assessed relative bone mineral content (BMC) in normal-weight (BMI < 85th percentile), overweight (BMI ≥ 85th-< 95th percentile), and obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) adolescents and evaluated the impact of nonweight bearing stationary cycle exercise training in a subset of obese participants. Obese and overweight adolescents had higher (p = .001) BMC than normal-weight counterparts, but after adjusting for total body mass the overweight and obese adolescents had a significantly lower (p < .001) BMC than normal-weight subjects. Although aerobic training such as cycling would seem optimal for caloric expenditure in obese adolescents, this study showed that eight weeks of cycle training did not improve BMC in obese ad... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377839 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377838&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242606%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ford P, Bailey R, Coleman D, Stretch D, Winter E, Woolf-May K, Swaine I There are no previous reports of energy expenditure and perceived effort during brisk-walking and running at speeds self-selected by young children. Fifty four participants (age 8-11 years old) performed 1500 m of brisk-walking and running in a marked school playground, and were given simple instructions to either 'walk quickly' or to 'jog'. During the running the children achieved higher mean speeds and a greater total energy expenditure (p < .001). However, there was no difference in the perceived effort between the two activities (p > .05). These findings suggest that under certain conditions children find it just as easy to run as they do to walk briskly, even though the speed and energy expendit... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377838 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377837&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242607%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bjornson K, Song K, Lisle J, Robinson S, Killien E, Barrett T, Zhou C The aim of this study was to describe walking (stride) activity frequency and intensity in 428 children ages 2-15 years with a single accelerometer-based device. With comparison with published pedometer-determined data, the influence of leg length was examined. Decline in stride frequency and intensity throughout childhood increased with adjustment for leg length. The accelerometer-based device documented higher stride counts than published pedometer-based data with the greatest discrepancy in 4-5 year olds. Recommended walking levels for optimal weight throughout childhood should be examined with knowledge of the device measurement differences and the natural history of walking activity changes with age. ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377837 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377836&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242608%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Figueiredo AJ, Coelho E Silva MJ, Cumming SP, Malina RM The purpose of the study was to compare the anthropometric, functional and sport-specific skill characteristics and goal orientations of male youth soccer players at the extremes of height and skeletal maturity in two competitive age groups, 11-12 and 13-14 years. The shortest and tallest players, and least and most skeletally mature players (n = 8 per group) within each age group were compared on chronological age; skeletal age (Fels method); pubertal status (pubic hair); size, proportions and adiposity; four functional capacities; four soccer-specific skills; and task and ego orientation. The tallest players were older chronologically, advanced in maturity (skeletal, pubertal) and heavier, and had relatively longer legs... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377836 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377835&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242609%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a time-of-day effect in the child's maximal short-term exercise performances exists in relation with core temperature. Such variations would have pronounced effects when expressed in training programs and competitions. PMID: 21242609 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377835 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377834&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsiaras V, Zafeiridis A, Dipla K, Patras K, Georgoulis A, Kellis S The aims were to develop and validate a VO2peak prediction equation from a treadmill running test in active male adolescents. Eighty-eight athletes (12-18 yrs.) performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill to assess the actual VO2peak and a 20m Shuttle-Run-Test (20mST). A step-wise linear regression analysis was used and the following equation for estimation of VO2peak (mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) = 35.477 + 1.832 × duration in min - 0.010 × duration × body mass in kg was developed. The cross-validation statistics were: R = .54, CE = 0.1 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), SEE = 2.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) (4.6%), and TE = 2.6 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) (4.9%). The cross-validation values (CE, SEE, and TE) were lower compared with those... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377834 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377833&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21242611%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ridgers ND, Graves L EF, Foweather L, Stratton G Understanding children's physical activity (PA) patterns and the factors that may influence PA are important for developing interventions within this population. One hundred and ten children aged 9-10 years from 8 schools had their PA patterns assessed over 7 days. Physiological and self-report data were also collected. Multilevel analyses revealed that cardiorespiratory fitness was a consistent, significant and positive predictor of weekday and weekend PA, while the availability of home sedentary activities was a significant but negative predictor of PA. Since a range of variables were associated with PA levels, intervention developers should be cognizant of variables that may influence children's activity. PMID: 21242611 [... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377833 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4377833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936367&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sherar LB, Cumming SP, Eisenmann JC, Baxter-Jones A DG, Malina RM The decline in physical activity (PA) across adolescence is well established but influence of biological maturity on the process has been largely overlooked. This paper reviews the limited number of studies which examine the relationship between timing of biological maturity and PA. Results are generally inconsistent among studies. Other health-related behaviors are also considered in an effort to highlight the complexity of relationships between biological maturation and behavior and to provide future research directions. PMID: 20814031 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936367 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936366&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barker AR, Armstrong N Phosphorous-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-MRS) has become an extremely valuable technique to investigate changes in muscle metabolism noninvasively and in vivo. The purpose of this article is to critically review how P-MRS has contributed to current understanding of muscle metabolic function in healthy children and adolescents. In addition, an overview of the basic principles of P-MRS and its application to the study of muscle metabolism is provided and discussed in relation to child-specific methodological concerns when using this technique. PMID: 20814032 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936366 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936365&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814033%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eisenman JC, Sarzynski MA, Tucker J, Heelan KA The purpose of this study was to examine if offspring physical activity may affect the relationship between maternal overweight and offspring fatness and blood pressure (BP). Subjects included 144 maternal-child pairs (n = 74 boys and 70 girls, mean age = 7.3 yrs). Maternal prepregnancy BMI was determined by self-report. Offspring characteristics included resting systolic and diastolic BP, body fatness by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the Actigraph accelerometer. Children whose mothers were overweight or obese prepregnancy (Prepreg OW) were significantly larger and fatter than children from mothers with a normal prepregnancy BMI (Prepreg NORM). Prepreg OW children also ha... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936365 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936364&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814034%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barbosa TM, Costa M, Marinho DA, Coelho J, Moreira M, Silva AJ The aim was to develop a path-flow analysis model for young swimmers' performance based on biomechanical and energetic parameters, using structural equation modeling. Thirty-eight male young swimmers served as subjects. Performance was assessed by the 200-m freestyle event. For biomechanical assessment the stroke length, the stroke frequency and the swimming velocity were analyzed. Energetics assessment included the critical velocity, the stroke index and the propulsive efficiency. The confirmatory model explained 79% of swimming performance after deleting the stroke index-performance path, which was nonsignificant (SRMR = 0.06). As a conclusion, the model is appropriate to explain performance in young swimmers. ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936364 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936363&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814035%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to describe the location and intensity of free-living physical activity in New Zealand adolescents during weekdays and weekend days using Global Positioning Systems (GPS), accelerometry, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Participants (n = 79) aged 12-17 years (M = 14.5, SD 1.6) recruited from two large metropolitan high schools each wore a GPS watch and an accelerometer for four consecutive days. GPS and accelerometer data were integrated with GIS software to map the main locations of each participant's episodes of moderate-vigorous physical activity. On average participants performed 74 (SD 36) minutes of moderate and 7.5 (SD 8) minutes of vigorous activity per day, which on weekdays was most likely to occur within a 1 km radius of their school or 150 meters of ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936363 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936362&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814036%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to assess the validity of a brief survey about activity preferences as a proxy of physical activity and of a 7-day activity diary, both completed by the parents and using accelerometers as a reference measure. Thirty-four parents and their children (aged 3-5 years) who attended childcare centers in Sydney (Australia) were recruited for the study. Parents were asked to complete a 9-item brief survey about activity preferences of their child and a 7-day diary recording the child's physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Both measures were compared with accelerometer data collected from the child over the same period as the diary survey. The findings suggest that parent completed diaries have acceptable correlation coefficients with accelerometer measures and could be cons... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936362 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936361&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ludwa IA, Falk B, Yao M, Corbett L, Klentrou P This pilot study compared bone speed of sound (SOS), bone turnover and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) between 20 Caucasian, postmenarcheal, adolescent synchronized swimmers (SS) and 20 aged- and maturity-matched nonswimmers (NS). Daily dietary intake and physical activity levels were also assessed. Bone SOS was measured by quantitative ultrasound. Blood samples were analyzed for osteocalcin, cross-linked N-teleopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), IGF-I and 25-OH vitamin D. Although no differences in bone SOS or turnover markers were observed between groups, the lower IGF-1 and vitamin D intake found in synchronized swimmers, in combination with their higher strenuous activity levels, should be further explored. PMID: 20814... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936361 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936360&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814038%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the submaximal Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES) in a healthy pediatric population. Bicycle ergometry exercise tests with gas-analyses were performed in 46 healthy children aged 7-17 years. Maximal OUES, submaximal OUES, VO2peak, VEpeak, and ventilatory threshold (VT) were determined. The submaximal OUES correlated highly with VO2peak, VEpeak, and VT. Strong correlations were found with basic anthropometric variables. The submaximal OUES could provide an objective, independent measure of cardiorespiratory function in children, reflecting efficiency of ventilation. We recommend expressing OUES values relative to Body Surface Area (BSA) or Fat Free Mass (FFM). PMID: 20814038 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936360 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936359&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814039%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the contribution of somatic maturation to sex differences in objective assessments of sedentary behavior and PA in Portuguese adolescents (N = 302, aged 13-16 years). Maturation was estimated from the percentage of predicted mature stature and physically active and inactive behaviors assessed with Actigraph GT1M accelerometers. The influence of age, sex and their interaction on body size, maturation and physical behaviors were examined using factorial ANOVA and, subsequently, ANCOVA (controlling for maturation) tested the effect of sex. Males spent more time in MVPA and less time in sedentary behavior than females. However, sex differences were attenuated when maturation was controlled; thus suggesting that maturity may play an important role in adolescent behaviors. ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936359 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936358&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814040%26dopt%3DAbstract This study first aimed to compare critical power (CP) and anaerobic work capacity (AWC), to laboratory standard evaluation methods such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Secondly, this study compared child and adult CP and AWC values. Subjects performed a maximal graded test to determine VO2max and maximal aerobic power (MAP); and four constant load exercises. In children, CP (W x kg(-1)) was related to VO2max (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); r = .68; p = .004). AWC (J x kg(-1) in children was related to MAOD (r = .58; p = .018). Children presented lower AWC (J x kg(-1); p = .001) than adults, but similar CP (%MAP) values. CP (%MAP and W x kg(-1) and AWC (J x kg(-1) were significantly related to laboratory standard evaluation methods but low correlatio... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936358 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936357&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roth M, Stamatakis E Using the 2007 Health Survey for England, we examine whether knowledge of guidelines is linked to physical activity levels for 1,954 children aged 11-15, and the correlates of adhering to the guidelines. For girls, knowing the guidelines was associated with meeting them, but was weak among boys, for whom only white ethnicity was associated with meeting the guidelines. For girls, being younger, white, and from a manual social class background was associated with meeting the guidelines. Findings support the call for physical activity-promoting policy and programs aimed at specific groups of children who are prone to lower levels of activity. PMID: 20814041 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936357 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3936356&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tan S, Yang C, Wang J The purpose of this study was to apply the lactate threshold concept to develop a more evidence-informed exercise program for obese children. 60 obese children (26 girls and 34 boys, age: 9-10 years, BMI: 25.4 +/- 2.2kg/m2) were recruited and half of them were randomly selected to be trained for eight weeks with a controlled exercise intensity at lactate threshold. The trained children achieved significant improvements on their body composition and functional capacity compared with the control group. The findings suggested that the training program with intensity at lactate threshold is effective and safe for 9-10 year old children with obesity. PMID: 20814042 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3936356 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3936356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3807791&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20666006%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Breese BC, Williams CA, Barker AR, Welsman JR, Fawkner SG, Armstrong N PMID: 20666006 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3807791 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3807791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3807790&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20666008%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowland T PMID: 20666008 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3807790 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3807790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687489&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lloyd M, Colley RC, Tremblay MS Assessment and evaluation are the cornerstones of the education and health fields. Assessment provides professionals with measures of educational achievement, health and functional status, and acts as an operational starting point for curricular and/or treatment planning and allows professionals to gain an understanding of the child to make informed decisions regarding education or treatment. Evaluation is woven into the fabric of North American schools, be it spelling tests, math tests, an evaluation of a child suspected of having a learning disability, or fitness testing in physical education class. There is little or no debate regarding the importance of assessment and evaluation in the cognitive domains in school (e.g., literacy and numeracy... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687489 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687488&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567040%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to test the reproducibility of muscle oxygenation by NIRS in children during exercise. Twelve healthy non-obese and non-trained children performed one maximal graded test, and four 6-min constant load cycle exercises. Deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb/Mb- H+) data were averaged every 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30s. Hb/Mb- H+ data averaged every 5, 10, 20 and 30s showed good reproducibility. When averaged every second, Hb/Mb-H+ values were reproducible after the first minute of exercise. Based on 1s averaged signal modeling, time period and t values for Hb/Mb-H+ were not reproducible but mean response time values showed an acceptable reproducibility. PMID: 20567040 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687488 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687487&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567041%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion the relationship between aerobic fitness and leptin in youth is dependent upon weight status. PMID: 20567041 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687487 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687486&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armatas V, Bassa E, Patikas D, Kitsas I, Zangelidis G, Kotzamanidis C The aim of this study was to examine the fatigue and recovery in boys and men during a maximal intermittent isometric fatigue test of the knee extensor muscles, by evaluating the electromyogram of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and biceps femoris. Thirteen boys (10.0 +/- 0.8yrs) and 13 men (26.1 +/- 4.2yrs) were fatigued until torque reached 50% of its initial value. Three and 6 min after, a maximal isometric knee extension test was assessed. Men had faster torque decline during fatigue and slower torque recovery compared with boys. Agonist activity declined in both groups during fatigue but men had greater extent of reduction. After 6 min boys recovered fully in respect to agonist EMG, whereas this was n... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687486 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687485&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567043%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martínez-Gómez D, Calabro MA, Welk GJ, Marcos A, Veiga OL Recess is a frequent target in school-based physical activity (PA) promotion research but there are challenges in assessing PA during this time period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a recess PA recall (RPAR) instrument designed to assess total PA and time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during recess. One hundred twenty-five 7th and 8th-grade students (59 females), age 12-14 years, participated in the study. Activity levels were objectively monitored on Mondays using different activity monitors (Yamax Digiwalker, Biotrainer and ActiGraph). On Tuesdays, 2 RPAR self-reports were administered within 1-hr. Test-retest reliability showed ICC = 0.87 and 0.88 for total ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687485 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687484&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567044%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tracked health-related physical fitness measurements in children, including sum of triceps and medial calf skinfolds, timed 1-mile run/walk, 1-min bent-knee sit-up, pull-up, and sit-and-reach values. Results are from 409 boys and 409 girls tested in kindergarten and fifth grade, also retaining their first, second, third, and fourth grade data. In separate gender analyses, Spearman's rho correlations were significant (p < .001) for all grade level pair combinations for each variable. Five-yr tracking of adiposity and all health-related physical fitness measurements for boys and girls was generally moderate from early childhood to the upper elementary ages. PMID: 20567044 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687484 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687483&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mota J, Ribeiro JC, Carvalho J, Santos MP, Martins J The aim of this study was twofold (1), to examine the prospective relationship of baseline TV viewing with BMI and CRF both at baseline and over a 2-year period, and (2) to examine the prospective relationship of baseline TV viewing and changes (Delta) on BMI and CRF over a 2-year period. Data were collected in a sample of 135 (64 girls) rural children ages 7 yr-old from elementary schools in Fundão, Portugal. Obesity status was obtained by the age-sex specific BMI cut points and CRF by a 9 min run test. TV viewing was also analyzed and children were assigned as one of two groups: the low TV watching (LTV), and high TV watching (HTV), users based upon them reported to spend less or more than 2 h/day watching TV, respectiv... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687483 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687482&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567046%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these findings suggest that active First Nations youth have lower HOMA-IR values. PMID: 20567046 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687482 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687481&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Kelly NA, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Hoffman JR The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of recovery time following a dynamic warm-up (DY) and a static stretch warm-up (SS) on power performance in adolescent athletes. Following baseline measures, 19 males (16.5 +/- 1.1 yrs) performed the vertical jump (VJ) and seated medicine ball toss (MB) at the following time points after DY and SS: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 min. Analysis of variance revealed that VJ was significantly greater following DY than SS at 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 min. Main effects indicated a significant increase in VJ from baseline at 2 and 6 min following DY (2.6-3.9%) and a significant decrease in VJ from baseline at 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 min following SS (-3.2% to -7.0%). No significa... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687481 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687480&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567048%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vitor Fde M, Böhme MT Youth swimming performance may be influenced by anthropometric, physiology and technical factors. The present paper examined the role of these factors in performance of 100m freestyle in swimmers 12-14 years of age (n = 24). Multiple regression analysis (forward method) was used to examine the variance of the 100 meters front crawl. Anaerobic power, swimming index and critical speed explained 88% (p < .05) of the variance in the average speed of 100 meters front crawl among young male pubertal swimmers. To conclude, performance of young swimmers in the 100 meters front crawl is determined predominantly by physiological factors and swimming technique. PMID: 20567048 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687480 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687479&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567049%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dollman J, Olds TS, Esterman A, Kupke T The study aimed to establish pedometer step cut points in relation to weight status among 2,071 5-16 year old Australians. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured, and participants wore a pedometer for seven days. Pedometer values were taken as the average number of steps per day and weighted according to the ratio of weekdays to weekends. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal pedometer counts to predict overweight. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare anthropometric variables across pedometer step quintiles. The ROC model for older females was nonsignificant. Optimal cut points were 12,000 for younger males, 11,000 for older males and 10,000 for younger females. Thes... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687479 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3687478&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20567050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sarzynski MA, Eisenmann JC, Welk GJ, Tucker J, Glenn K, Rothschild M, Heelan K The present study examined the association between the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, physical activity, and resting blood pressure (BP) in a sample of 132 children (48.4% female). Children attaining 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) possessed lower % body fat (29% vs 24%, p < .05). Resting BP did not significantly differ between genotypes. Furthermore, partial correlations between MVPA and BP were low and did not vary by ACE genotype. Thus, the ACE I/D genotype is not associated with BP and does not modify the relationship between physical activity and BP in this sample of children. PMID: 20567050 [PubMed - in process] (So... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3687478 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3687478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3411526&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20336861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowland T PMID: 20336861 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3411526 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3411526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404658&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foley L, Maddison R There has been increased research interest in the use of active video games (in which players physically interact with images onscreen) as a means to promote physical activity in children. The aim of this review was to assess active video games as a means of increasing energy expenditure and physical activity behavior in children. Studies were obtained from computerized searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases. The last search was conducted in December 2008. Eleven studies focused on the quantification of the energy cost associated with playing active video games, and eight studies focused on the utility of active video games as an intervention to increase physical activity in children. Compared with traditional nonactive video games, active ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404658 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404657&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scerpella TA, Dowthwaite JN, Gero NM, Kanaley JA, Ploutz-Snyder RJ Mechanical loading during childhood and adolescence may yield skeletal benefits that persist beyond activity cessation and menarche. At 1 year pre- and 2 years post-menarche, nondominant forearm areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and projected area (area) were compared in gymnasts (n = 9), ex-gymnasts (n = 8) and nongymnasts (n = 13). At both observations, gymnasts and ex-gymnasts had higher forearm aBMD, BMC and area than nongymnasts. Gymnasts had higher postmenarcheal means than ex-gymnasts for all three parameters. Childhood mechanical loading yields skeletal advantages that persist at least 24 months after loading cessation and menarche. Continued postmenarcheal loading yields add... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404657 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404656&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332538%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the convergent validity of a computerized use of time diary (MARCA) relative to pedometry. Participants aged 9-16 years wore a pedometer and completed the MARCA. Comparing pedometer data and self-report data collected for the same day (n = 297 participants), the correlation (Spearman's rho) with PAL was 0.54 and with MVPA was 0.50. Comparing mean daily step counts over 6-7 days with averaged self-report data collected on different days (n = 1713 participants) Spearman's rho for PAL was 0.45 and for MVPA was 0.44. Thus, the MARCA showed validity similar or superior to most self-report instruments for young people. PMID: 20332538 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404656 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404655&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Long DE, Gaetke LM, Perry SD, Abel MG, Clasey JL The purpose of this study was to descriptively compare the physical activity and dietary intake of public school (PSC) versus home schooled children (HSC). Potential parental and home influences were also examined. Thirty six matched pairs of public school-home school children aged 7-11 years participated in this study. Each participant wore an activity monitor and recorded their dietary intake concurrently for seven consecutive days. PSC had significantly more total and weekday steps, and spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with HSC. There were no differences in dietary intake between the two groups. These results suggest differences in physical activity between PSC and HSC and encourage further s... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404655 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404654&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332540%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our study suggests that wrestling exercise for a healthy life is important in that it reduces DNA damage as well as enhancing antioxidant parameters. PMID: 20332540 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404654 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404653&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332541%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined longitudinal changes in the pulmonary oxygen uptake (pVO(2)) kinetic response to heavy-intensity exercise in 14-16 yr old boys. Fourteen healthy boys (age 14.1 +/- 0.2 yr) completed exercise testing on two occasions with a 2-yr interval. Each participant completed a minimum of three 'step' exercise transitions, from unloaded pedalling to a constant work rate corresponding to 40% of the difference between the pVO(2) at the gas exchange threshold and peak pVO(2) (40% Delta). Over the 2-yr period a significant increase in the phase II time constant (25 +/- 5 vs. 30 +/- 5 s; p = .002, omega(2) = 0.34), the relative amplitude of the pVO(2) slow component (9 +/- 5 vs. 13 +/- 4%; p = .036, omega(2) = 0.14) and the pVO(2) gain at end-exercise (11.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 12.4 +/- 0.7 mL x... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404653 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404652&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carson V, Spence JC The purpose of this review was to examine seasonal variation in physical activity among children and adolescents. Searches were conducted of electronic databases for studies on seasonal differences in physical activity levels. A total of 35 studies, including children and adolescents between the ages of 2-19 years, were reviewed. Overall, 83% (29/35) of the studies found seasonal variation in physical activity among children and/or adolescents. The results were consistent regardless of the region, physical activity measure, or the study design but the findings were inconsistent across age categories. PMID: 20332542 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404652 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404651&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332543%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared paraoxonase activity and that of other antioxidative agents in adolescent athletes compared with inactive youth. Paraoxonase level was 177.32 +/- 100.10 (U/L) in children with regular physical activity and 98.11 +/- 40.92 (U/L) in the control group (P < 0.0001). The levels of total antioxidative capacity, total oxidative status, oxidative stress index, and lipid hydroperoxide were significantly higher in the athlete group compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Paraoxonase activity was found to be greater in adolescent athletes, suggesting that regular exercise might provide a cardio-protective effect by this means. PMID: 20332543 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404651 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404650&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332544%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the relationship between activity-related parenting practices and children's objectively measured physical activity (PA) in 117 UK children (mean age 8.3 +/- 0.95). No significant gender differences in the mean level of activity support were identified although it was found that mothers and fathers favored different activity-related parenting practices. Mothers provided higher levels of limiting sedentary behavior for both boys and girls compared with fathers as well as higher levels of logistic support for girls than fathers. Results showed that for boys, paternal explicit modeling was significantly associated with MVPA (r = .31) and VPA (r = .37). Overall, mothers and fathers favored different activity-related parenting practices when encouraging their children to be ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404650 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404649&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lidor R, Ziv G The purpose of this article was to review a series of studies (n = 31) on physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and volleyball skills of female and male adolescent volleyball players. Among the main findings were (a) that male national players were taller and heavier than state and novice players, while female national players showed lower body fat values compared with state and novice players, and (b) vertical jump values were higher in starters versus nonstarters. Among the methodological concerns based on the reviewed studies were the lack of information on maturational age and lack of longitudinal studies. It was recommended that a careful selection of physiological tests should be made when assessing the abilities of adolescent volleyball play... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404649 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404648&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332546%26dopt%3DAbstract This study develops multivariate models to predict swimming performance based on multidimensional assessment. 66 male (age 13.6 +/- 0.6 y) and 67 female (11.5 +/- 0.6 y) swimmers undertook a test battery including a sports background and training questionnaire, anthropometry, general and specific fitness tests, and technique. Competitive performance (LEN scores in three best events) was the predicted variable. A multiple linear regression model explained 82.4% of performance variability in males (based on age, sitting height, 30-min test, 6 x 50 m at 1:30, and swimming index) and 84.5% in females (age, 30-min test, 6 x 50 m at 1:30, and velocity at 50 m). Discriminant analysis using a four-group split-sample approach correctly classified 94.1% of the best male swimmers (based on age, 30-mi... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404648 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404647&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20332547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kannas T, Kellis E, Arampatzi F, de Villarreal ES The aim of this study was to examine the differences in muscle architecture during isometric tests between children and adults. Eight boys (age= 11.2 +/- 0.26 years) and eight men (age= 22.3 +/- 2.01 years) performed plantar flexion isometric efforts at angles of -15 degrees, 0 degrees, 15 degrees at 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% of MVC. Analysis of variance tests indicated that adults showed greater fascicle length from rest to 80% of MVC (p < .05), greater pennation angle at 80% and 100% of MVC (p < .05) and greater aponeuroses displacement at levels of effort greater than 60% of MVC (p < .05). These differences observed in MG would appear to favor better utilization of the force-length and the force-velocity relationships, of t... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404647 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3404647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240596&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowland T PMID: 20128357 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240596 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240595&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128358%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eston R PMID: 20128358 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240595 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240594&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prista A, Nhantumbo L, Silvio S, Lopes V, Maia J, André e Seabra , Vinagre J, Conn CA, Beunen G Physical activity (PA) in children/adolescents of both genders from a rural community in Mozambique was estimated by accelerometry and by questionnaire and was compared with PA of Portuguese youth. Total PA, moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA) and very vigorous (VVPA) were evaluated. Mozambican boys were more active than girls. Intensity of PA declined significantly with age. Survival activities, such as household tasks, were the predominant mode of PA. Compared with Portuguese children/adolescents, Mozambicans had significantly higher total PA; showed less decline of PA with age and engaged in fewer minutes at higher intensity PA. Environmental factors likely explain documented dif... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240594 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240593&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olvera N, McCarley KE, Leung P, McLeod J, Rodriguez AX The purpose of this study was to assess physical activity preferences (PAP) in preadolescent children. 191 Latino and White children (M = 11.9, SD = +/- 0.7) participated. Demographic, anthropometric, and PAP measures were employed. Both Latino and White children reported water play, basketball, and bicycling as their most preferred activities while indoor chores were least preferred. Compared with Latino, White children reported a higher preference for baseball/softball. Exploratory factor analysis of PAP measure indicated a three-factor solution: free play, sports, and exercise. Multiple linear regression models revealed that PAP varied as a function of ethnicity, gender, age, and body mass index. PMID: 20128360 [Pub... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240593 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240592&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128361%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vale S, Santos R, Silva P, Soares-Miranda L, Mota J The purpose of this study was twofold: first to document the gender differences in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) according to two epoch systems (5 vs. 60 s) in preschoolers, and, second to document the differences in physical activity (PA) patterns according to two different epoch choices. The sample comprised 59 preschoolers (31 girls) aged 2-5 years old. PA was assessed by accelerometer during school hours. The time spent in MVPA was significantly higher (p < .001) when a 5-s epoch was considered compared to the 60-s epoch, regardless gender. Further, it was found a difference of ?17 min difference between the 2 epoch systems for MVPA. Different epoch times might affect the time spent in MVPA among presch... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240592 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240591&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128362%26dopt%3DAbstract This study monitored the physical activity behavior of adolescent students over a ten month school year. Physical activity was assessed at two month intervals using self-report and objective (Actical accelerometers) measures. Self-report results (n = 547) indicated a decline in physical activity throughout the school year for all grades and genders. The decline was attributed largely to a decrease in organized activity participation. Objective physical activity results (n = 40) revealed a significant decline in activity in the latter half of the school year (February to June). Declining physical activity was attributed to a decrease in vigorous activity which was consistent across grade and gender. Collectively, the results highlight the importance of promoting consistent opportunities for... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240591 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240590&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128363%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cliff DP, Okely AD, Smith LM, McKeen K Gender differences in cross-sectional relationships between fundamental movement skill (FMS) subdomains (locomotor skills, object-control skills) and physical activity were examined in preschool children. Forty-six 3- to 5-year-olds (25 boys) had their FMS video assessed (Test of Gross Motor Development II) and their physical activity objectively monitored (Actigraph 7164 accelerometers). Among boys, object-control skills were associated with physical activity and explained 16.9% (p = .024) and 13.7% (p = .049) of the variance in percent of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity, respectively, after controlling for age, SES and z-BMI. Locomotor skills were inversely associated with physical activ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240590 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240589&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128364%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gorely T, Biddle S, Marshall S, Cameron N, Cassey L The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between distance to school and levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in UK adolescents. Participants were 1385 adolescents (boys n = 531; mean age 14.7 years). Boys living within two miles of school and girls living within 5 miles of school were more likely to report high levels (> or = 60 min per day) of weekday leisure time physical activity. Differences in weekday leisure time physical activity were accounted for by active travel time. There were no differences in sedentary behavior time by distance to school. Journeys, whether active or motorized, most often took place with friends. Further research should investigate wider physical and socia... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240589 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240588&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Telama R, Laakso L, Nupponen H, Rimpelä A, Pere L The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between youth physical activity and family socioeconomic status (FSES) over 28 years. As a part of the Finnish Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey a random sample of 12-, 15- and 18-year-old boys and girls participated in a nation-wide survey by answering questions every second year, from 1977 to 2005, on, among other things, leisure time physical activity and sport participation. Father's education represented FSES. The results showed that there were no significant or only small differences between the high and low FSES groups in unorganised physical activity during the study period. Participation in physical activities organized by the school was not associated... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240588 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240587&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weiss MR, Amorose AJ, Wilko AM Based on Harter's (12,13) competence motivation theory, this study examined the relationship of coaches' performance feedback and motivational climate with female athletes' perceived competence, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation. Female adolescent soccer players (N = 141) completed measures of relevant constructs toward the latter part of their season. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that athletes' perceptions of greater positive and informational feedback given by coaches in response to successful performance attempts, greater emphasis placed on a mastery climate, and less emphasis placed on a performance climate, were significantly related to greater ability perceptions, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation. Exploratory analyses also s... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240587 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240586&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beneke R, Heck H, Hebestreit H, Leithäuser RM The value of blood lactate concentration (BLC) measured during incremental load tests in predicting maximal lactate-steady-state (MLSS) workload has rarely been investigated in children. In 17 children and 18 adults MLSS was 4.1 +/- 0.9 mmol l(-1). Workload at BLC of 3.0 mmol l(-1) determined during an incremental load test explained about 80% of the variance (p < .001) and best predicted MLSS workload independent of age. This was despite the increase in power per time related to maximum incremental load test power being higher (p < .001) in children than in adults. The BLC response to given exercise intensities is faster in children without affecting MLSS. PMID: 20128367 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exer... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240586 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240585&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McLure SA, Reilly JJ, Crooks S, Summerbell CD A novel computer tool (peas@tees), designed to assess habitual physical activity levels in children aged 9 and 10 years, was evaluated. Study 1 investigated agreement between peas@tees and accelerometry in 157 children. Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) revealed peas@tees underestimated physical activity levels compared with accelerometry (bias -21 min; 95% LOA -146-105). Study 2 investigated stability of peas @ tees in a separate sample of 42 children. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.84). Computer tools are promising as a cheap, feasible, and useful method to monitor children's habitual levels of physical activity at the group level. PMID: 20128368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exerci... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240585 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3240584&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20128369%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that walking to school for older children has potential to contribute significantly to daily activity levels and increases the likelihood of attaining recommended step targets. These data should encourage public policy and those concerned with the built environment to provide and support opportunities for walking to school. PMID: 20128369 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3240584 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3240584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899807&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rawland T PMID: 19827449 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899807 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899806&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eisenmann JC, Wickel EE In his seminal paper, Rowland clearly outlined the rationale, evidence, and implications for the biological control of physical activity. Ten years later, there has been some progress in this area related to childhood physical activity with perhaps the greatest progress being made in the areas of genetics and the neuroendocrinology of physical activity. It is clear that heredity contributes to the physical activity (and inactivity) phenotype and candidate genes are now being identified. Furthermore, animal models indicate that maternal exposure to various environmental factors may alter offspring physical activity. Although the mechanisms of this maternal-fetal interaction are unknown, it may involve the development programming of anatomical structures ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899806 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899805&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rowlands AV In this insightful article, Eisenmann and Wickel bring together diverse areas of animal and human research to address the issue of the existence of an "activity stat," or biological basis for activity, outlining the evidence accumulated in this area since Rowland's excellent commentary in 1998. As the authors state, there has been progress in this area over the last 10 years, however there are still a limited number of studies that specifically address the possible existence of an activity stat in children, whether the strength of this varies by age, sex or culture, the degree of influence of environmental and social factors on this set-point and therefore the crucial question-if activity level is under central control are activity interventions doomed to failure? ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899805 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899804&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Owens S, Lambert L, McDonough S, Green K, Loftin M This pilot study examined the feasibility of an interactive obesity prevention program delivered to a class of fourth-grade students utilizing daily e-mail messages sent to the students' home computers. The study involved a single intact class of 22 students, 17 (77%) of whom submitted parental permission documentation and received e-mail messages each school day over the course of one month. Concerns regarding Internet safety and children's use of e-mail were addressed fairly easily. Cost/benefit issues for the school did not seem prohibitive. Providing e-mail access to students without a home computer was accomplished by loaning them personal digital assistant (PDA) devices. In larger interventions, loaning PDAs is probably ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899804 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899803&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827453%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the relationship between predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors conceptualized within the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (YPAP) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of adolescent males and females. Specifically, self-efficacy to overcome barriers, enjoyment of physical activity; family support, peer support, perceived school climate, neighborhood safety and access to physical activity were examined. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) and the Actigraph 7164 were used to obtain three different measures of MVPA in 205 adolescents (102 males, 103 females). Family support emerged as the most significant and consistent factor associated with the MVPA of both adolescent males and females. This relationship was noted e... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899803 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899802&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson LD, Zaldivar FP, Schwindt CD, Wang-Rodriguez J, Cooper DM Brief high intensity exercise induces peripheral leukocytosis possibly leading to a higher incidence of allergic symptoms in athletes undergoing excessive training. We studied the exercise-induced alternation of circulating Tregs and FoxP3+ Tregs due to acute intense swim exercise in elite swimmers (n = 22, 12 males, age = 15.4 yrs). Twelve had prior or current rhinitis or asthma and 10 had no current or prior allergy or asthma. Circulating Tregs increased significantly (p < .001) following exercise (pre = 133 +/- 11.2, post = 196 +/- 17.6) as did FoxP3+ cells (pre = 44, post = 64 cells/microl). Increases in Tregs and FoxP3+ Tregs occurred to the same extent in both groups of adolescent swimmers. PMID: 198... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899802 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899801&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonis M, Loftin M, Speaker R, Kontos A The purpose of the study was to investigate the seasonal relationship of athletic amenorrhea and body composition in elite, adolescent, cross-country runners. The participants consisted of 28 female adolescent cross-country runners (mean age +/- SD = 15.4 +/- 1.5 years); 17 eumenorrheics and 11 amenorrheics. The participants' body composition was measured pre- and postseason using dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DXA). The eumenorrheics' postseason BMD was significantly greater than the amenorrheics' postseason BMD (F(1,54) = 16.22, p < .05, partial eta2 = .231). The eumenorrheics' postseason bodyweight (F(1,54) = 7.65, p < .05, partial eta2 = .124), BF (F(1,54) = 8.56, p < .05, partial eta2 = .137), and BMC (F(1,54) = 8.52, p &... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899801 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899800&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trudeau F, Laurencelle L, Shephard RJ The purpose of this study was to examine the possible influence of childhood physical fitness on physical activity level and some of its psychosocial determinants as an adult. Childhood (age 10-12 years) data from the longitudinal Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study (body mass index, Physical Work Capacity (PWC170)), number of sit-ups/min, left + right hands grip strength) were correlated with adult data (age 35.0 +/- 0.3 years) for physical activity (PA) level, attitude toward PA, intention to exercise, perceived barriers to exercise and support of an active lifestyle by significant others. No significant relationships between childhood physical fitness and adulthood PA were found. Although the sample size is relatively small... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899800 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899799&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827457%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the modified Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey (CLASS) Chinese-version questionnaire in assessing physical activity among Hong Kong Chinese Children. Test-retest reliability was examined in 84 boys and 136 girls aged 9-12 years by comparing data from two administrations of the survey conducted one week apart. Validity was determined by comparing data from the second administration with accelerometer estimates. The results suggested that the questionnaire provided reliable and valid estimates in overall physical activity patterns in Hong Kong Chinese children. However, substantial overestimation was observed in vigorous activity. PMID: 19827457 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899799 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2899798&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19827458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Falk B, Brunton L, Dotan R, Usselman C, Klentrou P, Gabriel D Ten prepubertal girls and 15 young women were tested for maximal torque, peak rate of torque development, electro-mechanical delay (EMD), and time to peak rate of torque development during isometric elbow flexion. Absolute peak torque (17.0 +/- 7.7 vs. 40.5 +/- 8.3 Nm) and peak rate of torque development (105.9 +/- 58.6 vs. 297.2 +/- 113.0 Nm s(-1)) were lower in the girls (p < .05). Normalized to muscle cross sectional area, torque was similar (8.27 +/- 2.74 vs. 8.44 +/- 1.65 Nm cm(-2)), as was peak rate of torque development, normalized to peak torque (6.21 +/- 1.94 vs. 7.30 +/- 2.26 Nm s(-1)/ Nm). Both, time to peak rate of torque development (123.8 +/- 36.0 vs. 110.5 +/- 52.6 ms) and EMD (73.2 +/- 28.6 vs. 51... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2899798 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2899798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537969&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armstrong N, Barker AR The pulmonary oxygen uptake (pVO2) kinetic response at the onset of exercise provides a noninvasive window into the metabolic activity of the muscle and a valuable means of increasing our understanding of developmental muscle metabolism. However, to date only limited research has been devoted to investigating the pVO2 kinetic response during exercise in children and adolescents. From the rigorous studies that have been conducted, both age- and sex-related differences have been identified. Specifically, children display a faster exponential rise in the phase II pVO2 kinetics, which are purported to reflect the rise in muscle O2 consumption, during moderate, heavy and very heavy intensity exercise compared with adults. Furthermore, for heavy and very heavy... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537969 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537966&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556621%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effect of a 6-week school-based pedometer intervention for children. It compared the number of step counts between group- and individual-based step goal conditions over time, and compared the number of goal attainments between the two step goal conditions by physical activity levels. Ninety-nine 4th-grade students' (50 boys, 49 girls) data were analyzed. Overall step counts continued to increase over time, increasing about 19% from baseline. Different step goal conditions produced similar effects on children's physical activity levels across all time points. The number of goal attainments was higher for low active children with individual-based step goals than those with group-based step goals. Using pedometers in school is promising for enhancing physical activity ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537966 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537963&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556622%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to verify the effect of the exercise mode on slow component of VO2 (VO2SC) in children aged 11-12 years during severe-intensity exercise. After determination of the lactate threshold (LT) and peak VO2 (VO2peak) in both cycling (CE) and running exercise (TR), fourteen active boys completed a series of "square-wave" transitions of 6-min duration at 75%? [75%? = LT + 0.75 3 (VO2peak-LT)] to determine the VO2 kinetics. The VO2SC was significantly higher in CE (180.5 +/- 155.8 ml . min-1) than in TR (113.0 +/- 84.2 ml . min-1). We can conclude that, although a VO2SC does indeed develop during TR in children, its magnitude is considerably lower than in CE during severe-intensity exercise. PMID: 19556622 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537963 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537960&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jago R, McMurray RG, Bassin S, Pyle L, Bruecker S, Jakicic JM, Moe E, Murray T, Volpe SL Two pilot studies were conducted to examine whether 6th grade students can achieve moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from 1) activity-based physical education (AB-PE) with 585 participants and 2) a curricular-based (CB-PE) program with 1,544 participants and randomly sampled heart rates during lessons. AB-PE participants spent between 54-66% with a heart rate >140 bpm. CB-PE participants spent between 49-58% with a heart rate >140 bpm. Girls' mean heart rate was 3.7 bpm lower than the boys. PE can be readily modified so that students spend more than 50% of time in MVPA. < PMID: 19556623 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537960 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537957&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsiotra GD, Nevill AM, Lane AM, Koutedakis Y We investigated whether children with suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD+) demonstrate different physical fitness levels compared with their normal peers (DCD-). Randomly recruited Greek children (n = 177) were assessed for body mass index (BMI), flexibility (SR), vertical jump (VJ), hand strength (HS), 40m dash, aerobic power, and motor proficiency. ANCOVA revealed a motor proficiency (i.e., DCD group) effect for BMI (p < .01), VJ (p < .01), and 40m speed (p < .01), with DCD+ children demonstrating lower values than DCD-. Differences between DCD+ and DCD- were also obtained in log-transformed HS (p < .01). These findings suggest that intervention strategies for managing DCD should also aim at physical fi... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537957 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537954&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556625%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined correlates of objectively measured physical activity (PA) in a diverse sample of preschool children (age 3-5 years; n = 331). Accelerometer min.hr?1 of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and nonsedentary activity (NSA) were the outcome measures. Correlations among potential correlates and PA ranged from r= -0.12-0.26. Correlates in the final MVPA model were age, race, sex, BMI Z score, and parent perception of athletic competence, explaining 37% of the variance. The NSA model included the latter two variables, explaining 35% of the variance. Demographic factors were correlates of PA; parent perceptions of children's. PMID: 19556625 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537954 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537951&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grontved A, Pedersen GS, Andersen LB, Kristensen PL, Moller NC, Froberg K Independent associations between personal- and demographic characteristics and physical activity in 3-6 year old children attending preschool were identified in this study. Boys spent a larger proportion of the time on moderate-and-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; p < .001) and had a higher total physical activity level compared with girls (p < .001). The 3-4 year old children spent less time on MVPA and had a lower total physical activity level compared with both 4-5 (p < .01) and 5-6 year old children (p < .001). The individual preschool, gender and age of preschool children were strong predictors of physical activity (R2-total model=(0.36-0.39)) during preschool attendance. PMID: 1955... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537951 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537948&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556627%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, allometric models provide a valuable insight into the most appropriate body size and shape characteristics associated with children's physical performances and at the same time ensure valid inference when investigating group/population differences (e.g., between gender and maturation status). PMID: 19556627 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537948 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537945&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19556628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mota J, Almeida M, Santos R, Ribeiro JC, Santos MP Specific behavior context such as type of PA (organized vs. nonorganized) might be associated with different environmental correlates. The main goal of this cross-sectional survey was to examine perceived environmental associations with type of adolescents' physical activity (PA) choices (organized and nonorganized). A sample of this study comprised 425 girls with mean age of 14.5 years-old. Environmental variables and PA were assessed by questionnaire, which allowed to define the type (organized or nonorganized) of PA. No associations were found between environmental perceptions and the participation in organized activities. However, different dimensions of environmental variables such as accessibilities to facilities (p -/+ ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537945 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2537945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537997&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411706%26dopt%3DAbstract Aerobic (un)trainability of children: mitochondrial biogenesis and the "crowded cell" hypothesis. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2009 Feb;21(1):1-9 Authors: Rowland T PMID: 19411706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537997 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537995&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slinger J, van Breda E, Kuipers H The article presents the current performance capacity in 11-15 year old Dutch adolescents who participated in an incremental cycle test (n = 509) and or in a shuttle run test (N = 1,198). Cycle test results increased significantly with age in both genders, also after normalization to body weight. Shuttle run test results increased significantly with age only in boys. Compared with previous data, the absolute performance capacity in the cycle tests was comparable to data from 15 years ago, whereas the performance capacity normalized to kg body weight and the shuttle run test results seem to be fairly lower compared with the former data. PMID: 19411707 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537995 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537993&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosa JS, Schwindt CD, Oliver SR, Leu SY, Flores RL, Galassetti PR Leukocytosis contributes to exercise-induced immune modulation, which is a mechanism of cardiovascular protection. However, this process is poorly defined in children. We therefore measured leukocytes in 45 healthy, 18 overweight, 16 type 1 diabetic, and 8 asthmatic children at pre, end-, and 30-min postexercise (30-min intermittent or 6-min continuous). In all groups, total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased at end-exercise, but returned to baseline by 30-min postexercise, including neutrophils, previously reported to remain elevated for at least some exercise formats. This highly preserved pattern indicates the importance of the adaptive response to physical stress across multiple he... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537993 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537991&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nuzzo JL, Cavill MJ, Triplett NT, McBride JM The primary purpose of this investigation was to provide a descriptive analysis of lower-body strength and vertical jump performance in overweight male (n = 8) and female (n = 13) adolescents. Maximal strength was tested in the leg press and isometric squat. Kinetic and kinematic variables were assessed in vertical jumps at various loads. When compared with females, males demonstrated significantly greater (p < .05) absolute maximal strength in the leg press. However, when maximal strength was expressed relative to body mass, no significant difference was observed. There were no significant differences between males and females in vertical jump performance at body mass. PMID: 19411709 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: P... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537991 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537988&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guerra M, Gine-Garriga M, Fernhall B The Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) has not been used to assess individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and it is unknown if it is reliable in this population. We investigated the reliability of the WAnT in 19 adolescents with DS (age = 14.8 yrs; weight = 52.7 kg; height = 146.3 cm). Participants completed, on separate days, two standards WAnT using a resistance of 0.7 Nm x body weight (kg) in individuals > 14 years old, and 0.5 Nm x body weight (kg) in participants < 14 years of age. Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), dependent t tests and Bland-Altman plots. There was a significant difference between days for peak power (210.37 W vs. 236.26 W; ICC = 0.93), but not for mean power (158.72 vs. 168.71 W; ICC = ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537988 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537985&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Voss C, Sandercock G The aim of this study was to determine if maximal effort, evidenced by peak HR was attained during the 20m shuttle-run test in a naturalistic setting. Shuttle-run test performance and peak HR were measured in 208 volunteers (11-16 years). Peak HR was 196 (95% confidence interval (C.I.) 194-198 bpm). The relationship between test performance and peak HR was assessed by regression. There was a weak, but statistically significant relationship between test performance and peak HR (R2 = .029, p = .029) but with such a low coefficient of determination (less than 5% criterion), poor performances were not associated with low peak HR values or underestimation of maximal performance. Peak HR values (196 bpm) were higher than cited criterion values (185 bpm) for maxi... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537985 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537982&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411712%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to identify the independent effect of physical activity and fitness on insulin dynamics in a cohort of European-, African-, and Hispanic-American children (n = 215) age 7-12 years and to determine if racial/ethnic in insulin dynamics could be statistically explained by racial/ethnic differences in physical activity or fitness. An intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling were used to derive the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg). Fitness was assessed as VO2-170 and physical activity by accelerometer. Multiple regression models were tested for contributions of fitness and physical activity to SI and AIRg. Fitness was a stronger predictor of SI and AIRg than physical activity regardless of ethnicity; rac... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537982 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537979&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lemaitre F, Carturan D, Tourney-Chollet C, Gardette B Doppler ultrasonic detection of circulating venous bubbles after a scuba dive is a useful index of decompression safety in adults, since a relationship between bubbles and the risk of decompression sickness has been documented. No study, however, has investigated circulating venous bubbles in young recreational divers after their usual dives. The aim of this study was to determine whether these bubbles would be detected in children who performed a single dive without any modification in their diving habits. Ten young recreational divers (13.1 +/- 2.3 years) performed their usual air dive. They were Doppler-monitored 20 min before the dive (12 +/- 3 m for 26 +/- 7 min) and for 60 min after surfacing, at 20-min intervals. No ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537979 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537976&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Durant N, Kerr J, Harris SK, Saelens BE, Norman GJ, Sallis JF Few studies have explored barriers to physical activity in parks and streets among children, adolescents, and their parents. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new survey of barriers to physical activity in neighborhood parks and streets. Adolescents and parents of children and adolescents completed surveys twice. Two barrier subscales (environment and safety) emerged that applied to both locations and all participant groups. Results generally supported acceptable, internal consistency as well as construct validity, but test-retest reliabilities were lower than desired. These scales may be used to improve understanding of perceptions of barriers to physical activity in neighb... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537976 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2537972&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zuniga J, Housh TJ, Mielke M, Camic CL, Hendrix CR, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Schmidt RJ The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the fat-free weight (FFW) equations derived on nonathletic children and adolescents for estimating mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) in high school wrestlers. One hundred and three male high school wrestlers performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test to estimate MP and PP, as well as underwater weighing to determine FFW. The following equations were used to estimate the MP and PP of the wrestlers in the current study.MP (w) = 9.3 (FFW) - 109.8 EQ.1. PP (W) = 14.1 (FFW) - 162.1 EQ. 2. The results in the current study indicated that as percent of the mean values, the equation that predicted MP resulted in a substantially greater total error (TE; 19.9% ... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2537972 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2537972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136513&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168914%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eliakim A, Nemet D The diagnosis of Growth Hormone (GH) deficiency in children with short stature is complex, and in certain cases, might be very difficult. Most of the provocative tests used to evaluate GH deficiency use pharmacological agents. The artificial nature of the pharmacological tests and the possibility that these tests might not always reflect GH secretion under normal physiological conditions provides the impetus for a more physiologic test. Exercise is one of the important GH releasing physiological stimuli. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the methods for performing laboratory exercise provocation test for GH secretion in children. In addition to recommendations of more standardized exercise protocols and environmental considerations, we will... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136513 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136512&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168915%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined from childhood to adulthood: (1) the effects of countermovement (use of stretch-shortening cycle-SSC) and arm-swing (AS) on vertical jumping (VJ) performance and (2) the ability to use the SSC and AS during VJ. Male basketball players (n = 106) were divided according to their age into: children (12.0 +/- 0.23), young adolescents (14.5 +/- 0.41), old adolescents (16.9 +/- 0.27), and adults (21.9 +/- 0.32). Each participant executed three maximal squat jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps without arms (CMJ) and with arms (CMJA). The contribution of SSC and AS was calculated by the augmentation (difference and percent change) in performance between CMJ and SJ, and CMJA and CMJ, respectively. CMJA performance was significantly (p < .05) higher than CMJ and SJ, and CMJ was h... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136512 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136511&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168916%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested the effect of a structured aerobic exercise program on anger expression in healthy overweight children. Overweight sedentary children were randomly assigned to an aerobic exercise program or a no-exercise control condition. All children completed the Pediatric Anger Expression Scale at baseline and posttest. Anger Out and Anger Expression scores were lower for the exercise condition at posttest. Fitness improvements contributed significantly to final models, and points earned for adherence correlated negatively with posttest Anger Out. An aerobic exercise program might be an effective strategy to reduce anger expression, including reduction of aggressive behavior, in overweight children. PMID: 19168916 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Exercise Science) Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136511 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136510&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168917%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berntsen S, Wisloff T, Nafstad P, Nystad W Little is known about the association between physical activity and lung function in childhood. We conducted a survey including parental reports of the child's participation in physical activity and measurements of lung function. The associations between physical activity and lung function were estimated by linear regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders in 2,537 children (9 to 10 years). Using the linear model in exploring the effect of physical activity on lung function with those who were physical active less than once a week as the reference category, showed that forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was highest among those who were physical active >/= 4 times a week also when adjusting for potential confounders... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136510 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136509&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Essery EV, Clark RA, Letendre JD The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of jumping activities and nutrition education on bone accretion in prepubescents. Fourth-grade children were divided into four groups: jumping (n = 61), nutrition (n = 9), jumping plus nutrition (n = 14), and control (n = 28). Interventions spanned the fourth and fifth grade academic years. Assessments were gathered at 0, 8 and 20 months. Baseline BMD values were (mean +/- SD): lumbar (0.752 +/- 0.095 g/cm2), neck (0.794 +/- 0.089 g/cm2) and total (0.907 +/- 0.060 g/cm2). There was a significant increase in BMD over time. However, the interventions produced no significant effects. Twice weekly jumping and/or biweekly nutrition education did not influence bone acc... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136509 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136508&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roche DM, Edmunds S, Cable T, Didi M, Stratton G No studies to date have evaluated the relationship between exercise and microvascular function in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Twenty-nine complication free children and adolescents with T1DM were assessed for skin microvascular reactivity, aerobic fitness (VO2peak) and physical activity. VO2peak but not physical activity was significantly and independently associated with maximal hyperemia of the skin microcirculation (p < .01). No significant associations were found between venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) vasoconstriction and VO2peak or physical activity. Aerobic fitness may be an important indicator or mediator of effective microvascular endothelial function in youth with T1DM. PMID: 19168919 [PubMed - in pr... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136508 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2136507&cid=s_36867_33_f&fid=36867&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19168920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Honas JJ, Washburn RA, Smith BK, Greene JL, Cook-Wiens G, Donnelly JE The aim of this investigation was to develop an equation to estimate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) during a 10-min physically active academic lesson using The System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) and demographic information. PAEE (portable indirect calorimeter) and physical activity (SOFIT) were simultaneously assessed in 38, 2nd through 5th grade children. PAEE and SOFIT were 3.04 +/- 1.1 (kcal/min) and 3.8 +/- 0.4 (score), respectively. PAEE was predicted from SOFIT score and body weight [PAEE (kcal/min) = (1.384*SOFIT + 0.084*weight (kg)-5.126), R = .81, SEE = 1.23 kcal/min]. PAEE measured by indirect calorimeter and predicted from SOFIT and body weight were 3.04 +/- 1.1 (kc... Pediatric Exercise Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2136507 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2136507