MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Pediatric Research' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 01:09:40 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610771&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22258121 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610771 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:38:40 +0100 5610771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610770&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neu J, Sullivan S PMID: 22258122 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610770 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:38:30 +0100 5610770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610747&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258123%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:These findings are relevant for the understanding of neonatal T-cell maturation and may contribute to our understanding of multiorgan inflammatory complications of prematurity.Methods:Cord blood was obtained from term and preterm infants. Using flow cytometry, we identified a mature (CD45RO(+)) phenotype in preterm infant cord blood (CB) T cells that had decreased expression of the α4β7 integrins and increased expression of the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) as compared with term infant CB. PMID: 22258123 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610747 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:38:20 +0100 5610747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610746&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258124%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that nNOS is an important regulator of renal hemodynamics in the newborn kidney, but not in the adult.Methods:Experiments compared renal hemodynamic responses with intrarenal infusion of L-NAME, an inhibitor of all NOS isoforms, with the selective nNOS inhibitor L-SMTC in the newborn piglet and the adult pig. PMID: 22258124 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610746 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:38:10 +0100 5610746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610745&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258125%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:We conclude that moderate preterm birth after antenatal betamethasone can cause injury and persistent alterations in the structure and composition of the aorta, with lesser effects in the pulmonary artery. Our findings suggest that preterm birth may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms in later life.Methods:Using an established ovine model of preterm birth, lambs were born at 0.9 of gestation and underwent necropsy at 11 wk after birth; controls were born at term. PMID: 22258125 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610745 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:38:01 +0100 5610745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610744&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258126%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:Utilizing previously established clonogenic assays for defining different subpopulations of human ECFCs, we have shown that a hierarchy of ECFCs, identical to human cells, can be isolated from the peripheral blood of rhesus monkeys, and that the frequency of the circulating cells varies with age. These studies establish the rhesus monkey as an important preclinical model for evaluating the role and function of circulating ECFCs in vascular homeostasis and aging.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 healthy rhesus monkeys from birth to 24 years of age for ECFC analysis including immunophenotyping, clonogenic assays, and in vivo vessel formation. PMID: 22258126 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610744 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:37:52 +0100 5610744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610743&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258127%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe previously unreported genetic associations between PPHN and CRHR1 and CRHBP. These findings may have implications for further understanding the pathophysiology of PPHN and treatment.Methods:We performed a family-based candidate gene study to examine a genetic association with PPHN and sequenced the BMPR2 gene in 72 individuals. We enrolled 110 families with infants diagnosed with PPHN based on inclusion criteria. After medical chart review, 22 subjects were excluded based on predefined criteria, and DNA samples from 88 affected infants and at least one parent per infant were collected and genotyped. Thirty-two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 genes involved in vasoconstriction/vasodilation, lung development, surfactant regulation, or vascular endothelial cell function were... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610743 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:37:43 +0100 5610743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610742&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258128%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:These findings suggest a potential role for ω-3 PUFAs in the combination treatment of neuroblastoma.Methods:We used a murine model of orthotopic and subcutaneous human neuroblastoma and diets that differ in the FA content to define the optimal dietary ω-3/omega-6 (ω-6) FA ratio required for the inhibition of these tumors. PMID: 22258128 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610742 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:37:34 +0100 5610742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610741&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258129%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:MRI can provide accurate estimates of brain region volume during the neonatal period in piglets. A piglet model that can be used in longitudinal studies may be useful for investigating how experimental (e.g., nutrition, infection) factors affect brain growth and development.Methods:Anatomic MRI data (non-longitudinal) were acquired 2- and 5-wk-old piglets using a three--dimensional T1-weighted magnetization-prepared gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence on a MAGNETOM Trio 3T imager. Manual segmentation was performed for volume estimates of total brain, cortical, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellar, and -hippocampal regions. The MRI-based hippocampal volume estimates in 2- and 5-wk-old piglets were validated using histological techniques and the Cavalieri method. PMID: 22258129 [Pu... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610741 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:37:25 +0100 5610741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610740&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258130%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:MRI reflects microstructural and anatomical abnormalities that are characteristic of WM injury in the preterm brain, and these changes are more evident on MRI at term-equivalent postmenstrual age.Methods:We assessed the histopathological correlates of MRI abnormalities in a baboon model of premature birth. Baboons were delivered at 125 d of gestation (dg, term ~185 dg) and maintained in an animal intensive care unit for 14 (n = 26) or 28 d (n = 17). Gestational control animals were delivered at 140 dg (n = 9) or 153 dg (n = 4). Cerebral WM in fixed brains was evaluated using MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and histopathology. PMID: 22258130 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610740 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:37:15 +0100 5610740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610739&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258131%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:The patterns of alteration in imaging and histology varied in relation to the developmental time at which hypoxia occurred. Normalization of diffusion measures did not correspond to the normalization of underlying histopathology.Methods:Ferrets were subjected to 10% hypoxia and divided into three groups: early hypoxia P20, early hypoxia P30, and late hypoxia P30. PMID: 22258131 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610739 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:37:05 +0100 5610739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610723&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258132%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:Our findings support previous literature on the role of metabolic dysfunction after TBI.Methods:Using a recently developed magnetic resonance (MR) technique for the measurement of oxygen saturation, we determined the whole-brain OEF in both pediatric TBI patients and in healthy controls. Injury and outcome were classified using pediatric versions of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), respectively. PMID: 22258132 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610723 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:36:54 +0100 5610723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610700&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258133%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:Functional outcome at 7-8 y of survivors of neonatal encephalopathy is associated with 18-mo neurodevelopmental assessment, supporting the long-term predictive value of a favorable outcome at 18 mo assessed by published trials of therapeutic hypothermia.Methods:All surviving children who participated in the CoolCap study and were assessed at 18 mo were eligible for reassessment using the WeeFIM instrument that qualitatively measures self-care, mobility, and cognitive function. Center investigators obtained consent from the families for a certified researcher to administer the WeeFIM instrument by phone. PMID: 22258133 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610700 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:36:44 +0100 5610700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610691&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258134%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions were unchanged when data from other studies were included in a pooled analysis. PE does not significantly affect the risk of BPD in extremely preterm (EP) or extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) subjects.Methods:We examined data on EP (<28 wks gestation) or ELBW (<1,000 g) infants live born in Victoria, Australia, in three eras: 1991-1992, 1997, and 2005. We compared the incidence of BPD (oxygen requirement at 36 wks' postmenstrual age) in the PE group (infants exposed to PE) with that in the remainder (nonexposed infants). We also contrasted results with comparable reported studies. PMID: 22258134 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610691 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:36:33 +0100 5610691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610690&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258135%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to examine the association between cannabis use before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes.Results:Overall, 26.3% of women reported previous use of cannabis and 2.6% reported current use. Multivariate analysis, controlling for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of other illicit drugs, showed that cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with low birth weight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.2), preterm labor (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9), small for gestational age (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.8-2.7), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7-2.4).Discussion:The results of this study show that the use of cannabis in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse birth out... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610690 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:36:22 +0100 5610690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610689&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258136%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:During active infection in nursing infants, the total number of white blood cells, specifically the number of macrophages, and TNFα levels increase in their mothers' breast milk. These results may support the dynamic nature of the immune defense provided by breastfeeding sick infants.Methods:Breast milk from mothers of 31 infants, up to 3 months of age, who were hospitalized with fever, was sampled during active illness and recovery. Milk from mothers of 20 healthy infants served as controls. PMID: 22258136 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610689 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 23:36:12 +0100 5610689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610776&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258084%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the lungs were hypoplastic in rats with experimental EA-TEF due to defective embryonal airway branching. However, arteriolar wall and respiratory epithelial patterns remained normal. These findings suggest that similarly defective lung development might contribute to chronic respiratory disease in EA-TEF patients.Methods:Pregnant rats received either 1.75 mg/kg i.p. adriamycin or vehicle on E7, E8, and E9. Lungs were recovered at E15, E18, and E2. Lung weight/body weight ratio, total DNA and protein, radial alveolar count, arteriolar wall thickness, lung maturity, and mesenchymal control of airway branching were assessed. E13 lungs were cultured for 72 h and explant airway branching was measured daily. For comparisons, nonparametric tests (*P < 0.05) were used. PM... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610776 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5610776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610775&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258085%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:Antenatal exposure to Ureaplasma species induces lung injury prior to birth and synergistically contributes to the development of BPD in infants requiring prolonged MV (≥2 wk).Methods:We recovered gastric fluid specimens from 122 infants with gestational age (GA) <29 wk or birth weight <1,000 g to investigate whether these microorganisms influence respiratory outcome of BPD. A PCR analysis was used to detect urease and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes to classify neonates into Ureaplasma-positive or Ureaplasma-negative infants. PMID: 22258085 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610775 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5610775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610774&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258086%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the accuracy of an ADP system modified for young children (BOD POD; Life Measurement, Concord, CA) by comparing %FM results from ADP with those obtained from TBW by deuterium (D(2)O) dilution (reference method) in 72 children aged 6-48 mo. PMID: 22258086 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610774 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5610774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5610772&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258087%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion:We conclude that in very preterm infants, male sex is an important risk factor for poor neonatal outcome and poor neurological and respiratory outcome at follow-up. The increased risks at follow-up are not explained by neonatal factors and lend support to the concept of male vulnerability following preterm birth.Methods:Data came from the United Kingdom Oscillation Study, with 797 infants (428 boys) born at 23-28 wk gestational age. Thirteen maternal factors, 8 infant factors, 11 acute outcomes, and neurological and respiratory outcomes at follow-up were analyzed. Follow-up outcomes were adjusted for birth and neonatal factors sequentially to explore mechanisms for differences by sex. PMID: 22258087 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5610772 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5610772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385410&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22063760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fleisher GR Abstract ABBREVIATION:: PMID: 22063760 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385410 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 15:42:08 +0100 5385410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385409&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22063761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22063761 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385409 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 15:41:08 +0100 5385409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303438&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979560%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Friedman A PMID: 21979560 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303438 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 13:35:22 +0100 5303438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303437&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chesney RW PMID: 21979561 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303437 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 13:35:12 +0100 5303437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205938&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885934%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21885934 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205938 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 12:32:56 +0100 5205938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205937&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simmer K, Mori TA PMID: 21885935 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205937 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 12:32:46 +0100 5205937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205936&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885936%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effect of IUGR on whole body insulin sensitivity and metabolic activity in adult rats. Female Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either a normal protein diet (NPD 20% casein) or a low protein diet (LPD; 8.7% casein) during pregnancy and 2 wk of lactation. In offspring at 32 wk of age, indirect calorimetry and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were performed to assess metabolic activity and body composition. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. At 3 d of age, male and female LPD offspring were 23 and 27% smaller than controls, respectively. They remained significantly smaller throughout the experimental period (∼10% smaller at 32 wk). Importantly, there was increased insulin sensitivity in LPD offspring (47% increase in males an... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205936 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 12:32:37 +0100 5205936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205935&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ozdemir R, Erdeve O, Yurttutan S, Dilmen U PMID: 21885937 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205935 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 12:32:28 +0100 5205935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205934&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885938%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun H, Shi Y PMID: 21885938 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205934 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 12:32:20 +0100 5205934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205933&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gross GW, Sun CC, Xiao L, Waites KB, Okogbule-Wonodi AC, Agthe AG, Viscardi RM PMID: 21885939 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205933 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 12:32:11 +0100 5205933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126280&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21822097%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21822097 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126280 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 22:53:33 +0100 5126280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126270&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21822098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cornfield DN ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21822098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126270 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 22:48:33 +0100 5126270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126307&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rehan VK, Fong J, Lee R, Sakurai R, Wang ZM, Janna Dahl M, Lane RH, Albertine KH, Torday JS The mechanism underlying the potentially beneficial effects of the "gentler" modes of ventilation on chronic lung disease (CLD) of the premature infant is not known. We have previously demonstrated that alveolar Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptorγ (PTHrP-PPARγ) signaling is critically important in alveolar formation, and this signaling pathway is disrupted in hyperoxia- and/or volutrauma-induced neonatal rat lung injury. Whether the same paradigm is also applicable to CLD, resulting from prolonged intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), and whether differential effects of the mode of ventilation on the PTHrP-PPARγ signaling pathway explai... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126307 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126298&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814156%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steiner SJ, Noe JD, Denne SC Children with Crohn disease have altered growth and body composition. Previous studies have demonstrated decreased protein breakdown following either corticosteroid or anti-TNF-α therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whole body protein metabolism during corticosteroid therapy in children with newly diagnosed Crohn disease. Children with suspected Crohn disease and children with abdominal symptoms not consistent with Crohn disease underwent outpatient metabolic assessment. Patients diagnosed with Crohn disease and prescribed corticosteroid therapy returned in two weeks for repeat metabolic assessment. Using the stable isotopes [d5] phenylalanine, [1-13C] leucine and [15N2] urea, protein kinetics were determined in the fasting state. 31 chi... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126298 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126289&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21814157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ermers MJ, Janssen R, Onland-Moret NC, Hodemaekers HM, Rovers M, Houben ML, Kimpen JL, Bont LJ Mechanisms underlying the increased risk of recurrent wheeze following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV LRTI) are unclear. Specifically, information about genetic determinants of recurrent wheeze following RSV LRTI is limited. We performed a candidate gene association study to identify genetic determinants of recurrent wheeze following RSV LRTI. We investigated 346 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 220 candidate genes in 166 Dutch infants hospitalized for RSV LRTI. Logistic regression analysis was used to study associations between genotypes- and haplotypes and recurrent wheeze following RSV LRTI. We found associations with recurrent wheeze f... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126289 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029492&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21730815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21730815 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029492 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:45:12 +0100 5029492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5029491&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21730816%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, clinical significance of symptoms as measured by SSI and SI and characterization of spatial-temporal-physical-chemical nature of GER events as defined by pH-impedance methods clarifies the definition of GERD. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21730816 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5029491 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:45:07 +0100 5029491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929009&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21654278%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21654278 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929009 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:31:57 +0100 4929009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929008&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21654279%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dammann O, Ferriero D, Gressens P PMID: 21654279 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929008 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:31:54 +0100 4929008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929005&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21659957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Borlongan CV, Weiss MD We advance Baby STEPS or Stem cell Therapeutics as an Emerging Paradigm in Stroke as a guide in facilitating the critical evaluation in the laboratory of the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for neonatal encephalopathy. The need to carefully consider the clinical relevance of the animal models in mimicking human neonatal brain injury, selection of the optimal stem cell donor, and the application of functional outcome assays in small and large animal models serve as the foundation for preclinical work and beginning to understand the mechanism of this cellular therapy. The preclinical studies will aid our formulation of a rigorous human clinical trial that encompasses not only efficacy testing but also monitoring of safety indices and demonstration of m... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929005 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:31:30 +0100 4929005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929004&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21659958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hickey E, Shi H, VAN Arsdell G, Askalan R Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning reduces ischemic injury in adult brain by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). We sought to investigate the effect of brain maturity on the efficacy of LPS preconditioning against hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in the developing rat brain. Rat pups at the specified age were randomly assigned to LPS-treated (0.1 mg/kg) or saline-treated groups. HI injury was induced 48 h later by occluding the right common carotid artery followed by transient hypoxia. Brains were removed 1 wk after HI injury, and infarct volumes were compared between the two groups. TLR-4 expression was also compared among different ages. We found that LPS treated P7, P9, and P14 rat pups had significantly smaller infarct volum... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929004 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:30:47 +0100 4929004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929003&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21659959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sabbagha NG, Kao HJ, Yang CF, Huang CC, Lin WD, Tsai FJ, Chen TH, Tarn WY, Wu JY, Chen YT Using a combination of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mediated mutagenesis and metabolomics-guided screening, we identified mice with elevated blood levels of short-chain C4-acylcarnitine and increased urine isobutyryl-glycine. Genome-wide homozygosity screening, followed by fine mapping, located the disease gene to 15-25 Mb of mouse chromosome 9 where a candidate gene, Acad8, encoding mitochondrial isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase was located. Genomic DNA sequencing revealed a single-nucleotide mutation at -17 of the first intron of Acad8 in affected mice. cDNA sequencing revealed an intronic 28-bp insertion at the site of the mutation, which caused a frame shift with a premature stop codon. In vitro... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929003 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:30:39 +0100 4929003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929002&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21659960%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McGowan SE, McCoy DM In mice, secondary alveolar septal formation primarily occurs during a brief postnatal period and is accompanied by transient expansion of the interstitial lung fibroblast (LF) population. PDGF-A, which solely signals through PDGF-receptor-alpha (PDGF-Rα), is required for expansion, but the receptor's relevant downstream targets remain incompletely defined. We have evaluated the proliferation, apoptosis, and differential response to the selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, by pdgfrα-expressing LF (pdgfrα-LF) and compared them with their nonexpressing LF counterparts. Our objective was to determine whether diminished signaling through PDGF-Rα-mediated pathways regulates the decline in myofibroblasts, which accompanies septal thinning a... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929002 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:30:29 +0100 4929002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929001&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21659961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sobotka KS, Hooper SB, Allison BJ, Te Pas AB, Davis PG, Morley CJ, Moss TJ A sustained inflation (SI) facilitates lung aeration after birth but may impair the neonatal cardiovascular transition. We aimed to determine the effect of an initial SI on pulmonary arterial and carotid blood flow (PBF and CBF) after preterm birth. Fetal sheep were instrumented at ∼122 d of gestation (d). Lambs were delivered at ∼127 d and received either an initial SI (40 cm H2O for 1 min or until a volume of 20 mL/kg was administered) followed by ventilation for 30 min (SI; n = 7) or ventilation for 30 min (non-SI; n = 6). At 10 min after ventilation onset, inspired O2 content increased from 21 to 100% for 10 min. PBF, CBF, pulmonary arterial and carotid pressures, tidal volume, and inspiratory p... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929001 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:30:21 +0100 4929001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929000&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21659962%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined 10 candidate genes for associations with IVH in 271 preterm infants (64 with IVH grades I-IV and 207 without IVH) weighing <1500 g. The heterozygous genotype OR = 8.1, CI = 2.5-26.0, p = 4 × 10) and the A allele (OR = 7.3, CI = 2.4-22.5, p = 1 × 10) of the coagulation factor V (FV) Leiden mutation (rs6025) were associated with an increased risk of developing IVH grade I or II but not grade III or IV after correction for multiple testing with Bonferroni. Lack of association in the severe grades of IVH may be a result of lack of power to detect an effect given the small sample size (n = 8). However, this result is consistent with previous research that demonstrates that the heterozygous genotype of the FV mutation is associated with increased risk for the development of IVH ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929000 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 09:30:11 +0100 4929000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929007&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21654549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gazzaneo MC, Orellana RA, Suryawan A, Tuckow AP, Kimball SR, Wilson FA, Nguyen HV, Torrazza RM, Fiorotto ML, Davis TA Protein synthesis (PS) increases after a meal in neonates, but the time course of the changes in PS in different tissues after a meal is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the changes in tissue PS, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, and proportion of ribosomal protein (rp) mRNAs in polysomes over 4 h following a bolus meal in neonatal pigs (n = 6/group; 5- to 7-d-old). The results show a more sustained increase in PS in glycolytic compared to mixed fiber type muscles, and no changes in oxidative muscles. PS increased in liver, jejunum, and pancreas, but not in kidney and heart. Feeding did not affect AMP-activated protein kinase or RAS-rela... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929007 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929006&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21654550%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, post-HI administration of CBD protects neurons and astrocytes, leading to histological, functional, biochemical and neurobehavioral improvements. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 21654550 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929006 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929013&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21646939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Metzger A, Matsuura T, McKnite S, Marino BS, Nadkarni VM, Yannopoulos D Hemorrhagic shock is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Intrathoracic pressure regulation (IPR) lowers intrathoracic pressure thereby decreasing intracranial pressure and increasing venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion without the need for immediate fluid resuscitation. We hypothesized that IPR would improve hemodynamics and 24-hour survival in a pediatric porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Twenty piglets were subjected to a 50% total blood volume hemorrhage over 15 minutes and then randomized to treatment with either IPR or no treatment. After 60 minutes, survivors were auto-transfused, weaned from the ventilator and assessed and autopsied at 24 hours.... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929013 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929012&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21646940%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe baseline values of urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, (NGAL), Interleukin - 18 (IL-18), Kidney Injury Molecule -1 (KIM -1), Osteopontin (OPN), beta-2 microglobulin (B2mG) and Cystatin-C (Cys-C). Next, we test the hypothesis that these biomarkers are inversely related to gestational age (GA). Candidate markers were compared according to GA categories in 123 infants. Mixed linear regression models were performed to determine the independent association between demographics/interventions and baseline biomarker values. We found that urine NGAL, KIM-1, Cys-C and B2mG decreased with increasing GA. With correction for urine creatinine (cr), these markers and OPN/cr decreased with increasing GA. IL-18 (with or without correction for urine creatinine) did not differ acr... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929012 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929011&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21646941%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hammersen JE, Neukam V, Nüsken KD, Schneider H To evaluate exertional overheating and the impact of physical exercise on individuals with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and to assess protective effects of cooling devices, 13 boys and male adolescents with X-linked HED (XLHED) and age-matched healthy male controls were studied during standardized exercise on a bicycle ergometer at ambient temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, without cooling and with evaporative skin cooling devices at 30°C. Body core temperature during and after exercise, heart rate, performance, endurance, and serum lactate were investigated. XLHED subjects experienced a significantly greater rise in body temperature after cycling than healthy controls, and their body temperature remained elevated longe... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929011 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4929010&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21646942%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the association between elevated concentrations of 25 blood proteins in blood spots collected on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14 from infants < 28 weeks gestation who survived to 24 months and the risk of two patterns of early lung disease i.e., early and persistent pulmonary dysfunction (EPPD), and normal early pulmonary function followed by pulmonary deterioration (PD). 38% (N=347) of our cohort had PD, and 43% (N=383) had EPPD. On postnatal day 14, elevated concentrations of two proteins (RANTES and VEGF) were associated with reduced risk of PD. Similarly, the risk of EPPD was also reduced if three proteins had elevated concentrations on postnatal day 14 (RANTES, MMP-1, and VEGF). In contrast, the risk of EPPD was increased if on day 14 two proteins had elevated concentration... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4929010 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4929010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832819&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21552090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21552090 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832819 Wed, 18 May 2011 19:03:18 +0100 4832819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832818&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21552091%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dammann O, Gressens P PMID: 21552091 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832818 Wed, 18 May 2011 19:02:41 +0100 4832818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832817&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21552092%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lister G ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21552092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832817 Wed, 18 May 2011 19:01:28 +0100 4832817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832816&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21552093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chesney RW PMID: 21552093 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832816 Wed, 18 May 2011 19:00:43 +0100 4832816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832815&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21552094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scriver CR PMID: 21552094 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832815 Wed, 18 May 2011 19:00:25 +0100 4832815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832814&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21566541%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our data validate frequency analysis for estimation of cerebral autoregulation in clinical research. Low precision, however, hampers its clinical application. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21566541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832814 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4832814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832820&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21546861%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the association between PCE and diurnal salivary cortisol levels in preadolescent children characterized by high biological and/or social risk (N = 725). Saliva samples were collected at their home. Analyses revealed no group differences in basal evening or morning cortisol levels; however, children with higher degrees of PCE exhibited blunted overnight increases in cortisol, controlling for additional risk factors. Race and caregiver depression were also associated with diurnal cortisol patterns. While repeated PCE may contribute to alterations in the normal or expected stress response later in life, sociodemographic and environmental factors are likewise important in understanding hormone physiology, especially as more time elapses from the PCE. Anticipating the p... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832820 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4832820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832825&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21544006%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Su XW, Guan Y, Barnes M, Clark JB, Myers JL, Undar A Brain monitoring techniques near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were employed in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart defect repair to analyze the effect of pulsatile or non-pulsatile flow on brain protection. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and cerebrovascular pulsatility index (PI) were measured by NIRS & TCD, respectively, in 111 pediatric patients undergoing bypass for congenital heart defect (CHD) repair randomized to pulsatile (n = 77) or non-pulsatile (n = 34) perfusion. No significant differences in demographic and intraoperative data, including surgical risk stratification, existed between groups. Patients undergoing pulsatil... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832825 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4832825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832824&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21544007%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zuckerman-Levin N, Tsivlin L, Knopf C, Flor O, Shen-Orr Z, Levin M, Hochberg Z Small for gestational age (SGA) children are at risk for developing the metabolic syndrome. Those who do not catch up, and remain short (SSGA), may benefit from GH therapy. 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) is expressed in visceral fat, and is implicated in metabolic morbidity. We hypothesized that SSGA children will have increased basal and glucocorticoid (GC) -stimulated 11ß-HSD-1 activity. Twenty SSGA children, age 7.1±1y (mean ± SD), were studied before and while on GH therapy, and compared to 12 normal age-matched controls. 11β-HSD-1 activity was evaluated by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) of urinary steroid product/substrate ratios. GC-stimulated 11ß-HSD-1... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832824 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4832824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832823&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21544008%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the utility of live colonocytes in stool in studying cellular markers during early neonatal life. Expression of IgA, IgG, Cluster of Differentiation-45 cells (CD45), Toll-like receptors-2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4) were analyzed by flow-cytometry. Colonocyte RNA extracts were used in quantitative RealTime-PCR (qRT-PCR) to examine the expression of cytokeratin-19, ribosomal protein-24, and tight-junction (Tj) protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Colonocyte yield varied between 5×10 to 2×10 cells/g of stool. Meconium samples yielded a highly enriched population of viable cells. Although low, all samples showed CD45-positive cells during the initial weeks of life. Starting as early as day-2, IgA expression was observed in 69% of the cells. Low to moderate expression of IgG was observed wi... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832823 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4832823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832821&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21544009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Doesburg SM, Ribary U, Herdman AT, Moiseev A, Cheung T, Miller SP, Poskitt KJ, Weinberg H, Whitfield MF, Synnes A, Grunau RE Resting cortical activity is characterized by a distinct spectral peak in the alpha frequency range. Slowing of this oscillatory peak toward the upper theta-band has been associated with a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions, and has been attributed to altered thalamocortical dynamics. Children born very preterm exhibit altered development of thalamocortical systems. To test the hypothesis that peak oscillatory frequency is slowed in children born very preterm, we recorded resting magnetoencephalography (MEG) from school age children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation) without major intellectual or neurological impairment and ag... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832821 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4832821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780802&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21532529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raman L, Kong X, Gilley JA, Kernie SG Chronic hypoxia (CH) is a major risk factor for impaired cognitive function in various disease states, particularly in the context of cyanotic congenital heart disease. While most brain development occurs prenatally, the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus harbors progenitor stem cells that contribute to its ongoing development postnatally. It is unclear how exposure to CH might affect postnatal hippocampal development, so we utilized a transgenic mouse that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) within this progenitor population to determine the effect of CH on the DG. We find that exposure to 10% oxygen from postnatal day 3 to 28, results in a smaller DG with long-term impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. Since the mamm... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780802 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554388&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21368634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21368634 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554388 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 08:00:21 +0100 4554388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554387&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21372757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Puiman PJ, Burger-VAN Paassen N, Schaart MW, DE Bruijn AC, DE Krijger RR, Tibboel D, VAN Goudoever JB, Renes IB Paneth cell dysfunction has been suggested in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The aim of this study was to i) study Paneth cell presence, protein expression, and developmental changes in preterm infants with NEC and ii) determine Paneth cell products and antimicrobial capacity in ileostomy outflow fluid. Intestinal tissue from NEC patients (n = 55), preterm control infants (n = 22), and term controls (n = 7) was obtained during surgical resection and at stoma closure after recovery. Paneth cell abundance and protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RNA levels of Paneth cell proteins were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. In ileostomy outf... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554387 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554386&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21372758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roth CL, Blevins JE, Ralston M, Elfers C, Ogimoto K, Kaiyala KJ, Morton GJ Patients with craniopharyngioma (CP), a tumor located in the pituitary and/or hypothalamus, are susceptible to developing obesity and many metabolic complications. The study aim was to create a rodent model that mimics the complex neuroanatomical and metabolic disturbances commonly seen in obese CP patients. We compared the metabolic phenotype of animals with three distinct types of hypothalamic lesions: 1) destruction of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG), 2) electrolytic lesion of the adjacent ventromedial nucleus (VMN) alone, 3) both the VMN and dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), or a 4) combined medial hypothalamic lesion (CMHL) affecting the VMN, DMN, and the ARC. Only the CMHL... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554386 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554394&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21364490%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orellana RA, Wilson FA, Gazzaneo MC, Suryawan A, Davis TA, Nguyen HV In muscle, sepsis reduces protein synthesis (MPS) by restraining translation in neonates and adults. Even though protein accretion decreases with development as neonatal MPS rapidly declines by maturation, the changes imposed by development on the sepsis-associated decrease in MPS have not been described. Pigs at 7- and 26 days of age were infused for 8 h with LPS (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin, 0 and 10 μg•kg•h). Fractional MPS rates and translation eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) activation in muscle were examined (n=5-7/group). The LPS-induced decrease in MPS was associated with reduced ribosomal and translational efficiency while the age-induced decrease in MPS occurred by decreasing ribosome numb... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554394 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554393&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21364491%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether the cerebral tissue oxygenation index (cTOI) and regional oxygen saturation (rScO2) may replace dHbD and changes in total hemoglobin (dHbT), respectively. Correlation (COR) and coherence (COH) were used to measure the agreement of MABP with rScO2/dHbT and cTOI/dHbD. dHbD/cTOI and dHbT/rScO2 recordings of respectively 34 and 20 preterm infants in need for intensive care were studied during the first days of life. dHbD and cTOI were obtained with the NIRO300 and rScO2 and dHbT with the INVOS4100. Invasive MABP was measured continuously. COR and COH scores of MABP versus dHbD/dHbT were compared to the corresponding ones by replacing dHbD/dHbT by cTOI/rScO2 respectively. Generally, no significant score differences were found for dHbD/cTOI. Differences for dHbT/rScO2 were sl... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554393 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554392&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21364492%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, neonatal PC-MRA CBF seems to be a useful technique to estimate non-invasive CBF. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 21364492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554392 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554391&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21364493%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this data provides additional information on the mechanism of insulin resistance associated with IUGR. Down-regulation of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 ameliorates the capacity of glucose transport, and provides a potential gene therapy approach to managing metabolic syndrome. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21364493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554391 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554390&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21364494%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of perinatal factors on circulating cortisol levels in preterm infants, and to create a quantitative model that could estimate the 'adjusted cortisol percentile'. Serial serum cortisol concentrations were measured in 209 infants ≤32 weeks gestation on days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 of life. Seven perinatal factors or conditions which could affect circulating cortisol level were identified. Serum cortisol levels were higher on day 4 (P=0.007) and 7 (P=0.007), but lower on day 21 (P=0.001) compared with day 1. Serum cortisol was also higher in infants:on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (P=0.003); requiring a second vasopressor (P<0.001); with intraventricular hemorrhage (≥Grade 3; P<0.001); histologic chorioamnionitis (P=0.007); severe lun... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554390 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4554389&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21364495%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaplan JL, Ning Shi H, Walker WA The role of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract has undergone significant modification in the last few decades with new observations from clinical, epidemiologic and basic science research. We now know that the perception of these gut microbes as pathogens or even as commensals is somewhat outdated. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiome plays an important role in a host of activities including digestion, protection from potentially pathogenic organisms and the regulation and development of the host immune system. The complex interactions between microbes and host combined with recent clinical observations and epidemiologic trends may point to the convergence of two well-supported (though imperfect) hypotheses: the '... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4554389 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4554389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442182&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21293311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zahir FR, Brown CJ Disruptions of genes that are involved in epigenetic functions are known to be causative for several Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability (MR/ID) syndromes. Recent work has highlighted genes with epigenetic functions as being implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) as well as Schizophrenia (SCZ). The gene-environment interaction is an important factor of pathogenicity for these complex disorders. Epigenetic modifications offer a mechanism by which we can explain how the environment interacts with, and is able to dynamically regulate, the genome. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of epigenetic deregulation in the etiopathology for neurodevelopment disease. ABBREVIATIONS (ALPHABETICAL): PMID: 21293311 [PubMed - as supplied by ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442182 Wed, 02 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442195&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289532%26dopt%3DAbstract This article critically reviews findings on child development (including fetal neurobehavior) related to maternal depression, anxiety, and pharmacological treatments, primarily Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). The hypothesis under review is that, in addition to genetics and characteristics of the postnatal environment, the familial transmission of risk for neuropsychiatric disorders involves a 'third path' - prenatal exposure to psychiatric illness and its treatment. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 21289532 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442195 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442194&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marco EJ, Hinkley LB, Hill SS, Nagarajan SS Atypical sensory-based behaviors are a ubiquitous feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this article, we review the neural underpinnings of sensory processing in autism by reviewing the literature on neurophysiological responses to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli in autistic individuals. We review studies of unimodal sensory processing and multi-sensory integration that use a variety of neuroimaging techniques, including: electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). We then explore the impact of covert and overt attention on sensory processing. With additional characterization, neurophysiologic profiles of sensory processing in ASD may serve as valuable b... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442194 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442193&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson S, Marlow N Epidemiologic studies have, for many years, identified preterm birth as a significant risk factor for psychiatric disorders. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in neurobehavioral outcomes following preterm birth. In this paper we review clinical cohort studies of the prevalence, aetiology and risk factors for psychiatric sequelae in ex-preterm children. Studies using diagnostic psychiatric evaluations are few in number but typically report a 3- to 4-fold increased risk for disorders in middle childhood. Our review of studies adopting both dimensional and categorical approaches reveals a 'preterm behavioural phenotype' characterised by an increased risk for symptoms and disorders associated with inattention, anxiety and social difficulties. The m... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442193 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442192&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skuse DH, Gallagher L Human social behavior develops under the influence of genetic, environmental and cultural factors. Social cognition comprises our ability to understand and respond appropriately to other people's social approaches or responses. The concept embraces self-knowledge and theory of mind, or the ability to think about emotions and behavior from the perspective of another person. The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are now known to play an important role, affecting individual differences in parenting behavior, social recognition and affiliative behaviors. The processes of social cognition are also supported by reward circuitry, underpinned by the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system. Reward processes build social relationships, in parenting and... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442192 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442191&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frye RE, Rossignol DA Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder. Over the last decade, evidence has emerged that some children with ASD suffer from undiagnosed co-morbid medical conditions. One of the medical disorders that has been consistently associated with ASD is mitochondrial dysfunction. Individuals with mitochondrial disorders without concomitant ASD manifest dysfunction in multiple high energy organ systems, such as the central nervous, muscular and gastrointestinal systems. Interestingly, these are the identical organ systems affected in a significant number of children with ASD. This finding raises the possibility that mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the keys that explains the many diverse symptoms observed in some children ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442191 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442190&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Constantino JN Autism, like intellectual disability, represents the severe end of a continuous distribution of developmental impairments that occur in nature, that are highly inherited, and that are orthogonally related to other parameters of development. A paradigm shift in understanding the core social abnormality of autism as a quantitative trait rather than as a categorically-defined condition has key implications for diagnostic classification, the measurement of change over time, the search for underlying genetic and neurobiologic mechanisms, and public health efforts to identify and support affected children. Here a recent body of research in genetics and epidemiology is presented to examine a dimensional reconceptualization of autistic social impairment-as manifested in... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442190 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442189&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen R, Jiao Y, Herskovits EH Magnetic-resonance (MR) examination provides a powerful tool for investigating brain structural changes in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We review recent advances in the understanding of structural-MR correlates of ASD. We summarize findings from studies based on voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and tensor-based morphometry, and diffusion-tensor imaging. Finally, we discuss diagnostic models of ASD, based on MR-derived features. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21289538 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442189 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442188&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang LT The perinatal period is particularly sensitive to a variety of insults during which stress-regulating systems can be permanently altered and psychopathologies ensue. The programming of physiological, endocrinological and behavioral functions by perinatal adversities is mediated by altered levels of glucocorticoids or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in either the mother or offspring. In this article, I review the integrated data from human studies and from animal models that suggest the programming effects of perinatal glucocorticoids exposure. Lastly, the concept of developmental origins of psychiatric disorders is discussed. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21289539 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442188 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442187&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meyer U, Feldon J, Dammann O Prenatal exposure to infection and subsequent inflammatory responses have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia and autism. In this review, we summarize current evidence from human and animal studies supporting the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of these two disorders is linked via exposure to inflammation at early stages of development. Moreover, we propose a hypothetical model in which inflammatory mechanisms may account for multiple shared and disorder-specific pathological characteristics of both entities. In essence, our model suggests that acute neuroinflammation during early fetal development may be relevant for the induction of psychopathological and neuropathological features shared by schizophrenia and autism, while post-acut... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442187 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442186&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Korkmaz B To a large extent, the human infant is socialized through the acquisition of a specific cognitive mechanism known as theory of mind (ToM), a term which is currently used to explain a related set of intellectual abilities that enable us to understand that others have beliefs, desires, plans, hopes, information, and intentions that may differ from our own. Various neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, developmental language disorders and schizophrenia, as well as acquired disorders of the right brain (and traumatic brain injury) impair ToM. ToM is a composite function, which involves memory, joint attention, complex perceptual recognition (such as face and gaze processing), language, executive functions (such as tracking of intentions a... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442186 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442185&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patterson PH A variety of features of autism can be simulated in rodents, including the core behavioral hallmarks of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, and deficits in social interaction and communication. Other behaviors frequently found in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) such as neophobia, enhanced anxiety, abnormal pain sensitivity and eye blink conditioning, disturbed sleep patterns, seizures, and deficits in sensorimotor gating are also present in some of the animal models. Neuropathology and some characteristic neurochemical changes that are frequently seen in autism, as well as alterations in the immune status in the brain and periphery are also found in some of the models. Several known environmental risk factors for autism have been successfully established in rode... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442185 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442184&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lampis V, Maziade M, Battaglia M We are witnessing a tremendous expansion of strategies and techniques that derive from basic and preclinical science to study the fine genetic, epigenetic and proteomic regulation of behaviour in the laboratory animal. In this endeavour, animal models of psychiatric illness are becoming the almost exclusive domain of basic researchers, with lesser involvement of clinician researchers in their conceptual design, and transfer into practice of new paradigms. From the side of human behavioral research, the growing interest in gene-environment interplay and the fostering of valid endophenotypes are amongst the few substantial innovations in the effort of linking common, mental disorders to cutting-edge clinical research questions. We argue that it i... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442184 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4442183&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21289544%26dopt%3DAbstract This article aims to provide an overview of recent findings in the rapidly evolving field of ADHD neurobiology with a focus on novel strategies regarding pathophysiological analyses. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 21289544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4442183 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4442183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377917&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21224733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21224733 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377917 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 04:15:15 +0100 4377917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377916&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21228731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rivkees SA, Wendler CC Few signaling molecules have the potential to influence the developing mammal as the nucleoside adenosine. Adenosine levels increase rapidly with tissue hypoxia and inflammation. Adenosine antagonists include the methlyxanthines caffeine and theophylline. The receptors that transduce adenosine action are the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). In the postnatal period, A1AR activation may contribute to white matter injury in the preterm infant by altering oligodendrocyte (OL) development. In models of perinatal brain injury, caffeine is neuroprotective against periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Supporting the notion that blockade of adenosine action is of benefit in the premature infant, caffe... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377916 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4377916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4377915&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21228732%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, enteral supplementation of prebiotics (SCGOS/LCFOS/AOS) does not affect f-IL-8 and f-calprotectin levels in preterm infants. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21228732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4377915 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4377915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289368&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Juul SE, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Farin FM, Gleason CA Critically ill preterm infants experience multiple stressors while hospitalized. Morphine is commonly prescribed to ameliorate their pain and stress. We hypothesized that neonatal stress will have a dose-dependent effect on hippocampal gene expression, and these effects will be altered by morphine treatment. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 5 treatment conditions between postnatal day 5 and 9: 1) Control, 2) mild stress + saline, 3) mild stress + morphine, 4) severe stress + saline and 5) severe stress + morphine. Hippocampal RNA was extracted and analyzed using Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Arrays. Single gene analysis and gene set analysis were used to compare groups with validation by qPCR. Stress resulted in enrichment of... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289368 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289367&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178817%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, PRA was positively correlated with BMI, but the relationships between components of the RAS and ABP were inverse. Further studies are needed to define the pathophysiologic relationship between RAS components and blood pressure regulation in obese youth. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21178817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289367 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289366&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bäckström E, Hogmalm A, Lappalainen U, Bry K Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common inflammatory lung disease in premature infants. To study the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the lung to inflammatory injury depends on the developmental stage, we studied postnatal lung development in transgenic mice expressing human interleukin-1β (hIL-1β) in the lungs during the late canalicular-early saccular, saccular, or late saccular-alveolar stage. Overexpression of hIL-1β in the saccular stage caused arrest in alveolar development, airway remodeling, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs as well as poor growth and survival of infant mice. Overexpression of hIL-1β during the late canalicular-early saccular stage did not adversely affect lung development, growth, or sur... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289366 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289365&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178819%26dopt%3DAbstract We present the first case-control study addressing both fracture occurrence and fracture mechanisms in Rett syndrome (RTT). Two previous studies have shown increased fracture risk in RTT. This was also our hypothesis regarding the Danish RTT population. Therefore, we investigated risk factors associated with low-energy trauma and the association to Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) mutations. A total of 61 female Rett patients and 122 healthy controls matched according to age and pubertal/menopause status were examined by questionnaires, bone biochemical markers in blood, clinical and X ray evaluations. National register search on fracture diagnoses was done to obtain complete fracture histories. Our results showed that Rett patients sustained significantly more low-energy fractures fro... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289365 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289364&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takizawa M, Ishiwata T, Kawamura Y, Kanai T, Kurokawa T, Nishiyama M, Ishida H, Asano Y, Nonoyama S Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release has been shown not to be the predominant mechanism responsible for excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in fetal myocytes. However, most of the studies have been conducted either on primary cultures or acutely isolated cells, in which an apparent reduction of ryanodine receptor density have been reported. We aimed to elucidate the contribution of SR Ca release and Ca transporters on sarcolemmal channels to Ca transients in fetal mouse whole hearts. On embryonic day 13.5, ryanodine significantly reduced the amplitude of the Ca transient to 27.2 ± 4.4% of the control, and both nickel and SEA0400 significantly prolonged the time to peak from... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289364 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289363&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weinmann A, Post M, Pan J, Rafii M, Oʼconnors D, Unger S, Pencharz P, Belik J Breast milk reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). BH4 is a cofactor for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Reduced BH4 levels, or its oxidation to dihydrobiopterin (BH2), uncouple eNOS resulting in formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC. We evaluated colostrum and mature breast milk, as well as infant formula, BH4 and BH2 content. In addition we tested the BH4 effect on the newborn rat mesenteric arterial vascular tone. BH4 and BH2 content increased three-fold in mature breast milk, as compared with colostrum (P<0.01), without a change in their ratio. Infant formula had a negligible BH4 content and lower biopterin... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289363 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289362&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Musk GC, Polglase GR, Bunnell JB, McLean CJ, Nitsos I, Song Y, Pillow JJ Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is advocated to recruit alveoli during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) but its effect on cardiopulmonary physiology and lung injury is poorly documented. We hypothesized that high PEEP would recruit alveoli and reduce lung injury but compromise pulmonary blood flow (PBF). Preterm lambs of anaesthetized ewes were instrumented, intubated and delivered by cesarean section after instillation of surfactant. HFJV was commenced with a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O. Lambs were allocated randomly at delivery to remain on constant PEEP (PEEPconst, n=6) or to recruitment via stepwise adjustments in PEEP (PEEPadj, n=6) to 12 cmH2O then back... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289362 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289361&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178823%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, healthy children are capable of converting phenylalanine to tyrosine, but the need for tyrosine cannot be met by providing extra phenylalanine. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21178823 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289361 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289360&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koralkar R, Ambalavanan N, Levitan EB, McGwin G, Goldstein S, Askenazi D Acute kidney injury (AKI) independently predicts mortality in children and adults. Our understanding of the epidemiology of AKI in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is limited to retrospective studies. After adjustment for demographics, co-morbidities, and interventions, infants with AKI have decreased survival compared to those without AKI. The study was conducted in regional quaternary care neonatal intensive care unit of the University of Alabama at Birmingham. VLBW infants were followed prospectively and were classified into a serum Creatinine (SCr) based classification for AKI. 41/229 (18%) VLBW infants developed AKI. Those with AKI were more likely to have umbilical artery catheters, assisted ven... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289360 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289359&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178825%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used densitometry to investigate the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in an Australian Rett syndrome cohort and assess how factors such as genotype, epilepsy, BMI and mobility affect these parameters. The influence of lean tissue mass (LTM) and bone area (BA) on total body BMC (TBBMC) was also investigated. Participants, recruited from the Australian Rett Syndrome Database (ARSD), had TBBMC and lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) aBMD measured using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mean height standardised z-scores and confidence intervals for the bone outcomes were obtained from multiple regression models. The mean height z-score for the FN aBMD was low at -2.20, while the LS aBMD was -0.72. The TBBMC mean height z-score was -0.62, although ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289359 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289358&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21178826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hahn WH, Suh JS, Cho BS Neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors (NTRs) are known to be important for pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases that occur in not only neuronal but also non-neuronal tissues, including kidney. Here, we investigated association between childhood IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding NTs [nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] and NTRs [nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1-3 (NTRK1-3)]. The genotyping data of 197 patients and 289 control subjects revealed significant association between NGF SNP rs11102930 and presence of IgAN. Patient subgroup analysis revealed that that the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria (> 40 m... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289358 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4289358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235255&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21131894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waleh N, McCurnin DC, Yoder BA, Shaul PW, Clyman RI Ibuprofen-induced ductus closure improves pulmonary mechanics and increases alveolar surface area in premature baboons compared with baboons with a persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Ibuprofen-treatment has no effect on the expression of genes that regulate pulmonary inflammation but does increase the expression of alpha-ENaC (the transepithelial sodium channel that is critical for alveolar water clearance). Although ligation eliminates the PDA, it does not improve pulmonary mechanics or increase alveolar surface area. We used preterm baboons (delivered at 67% of term gestation and ventilated for 14 days) to study whether the lack of beneficial effects, following PDA ligation, might be due to alterations in pulmonary ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235255 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235254&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21131895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hasegawa T, Yamada K, Morimoto M, Morioka S, Tozawa T, Isoda K, Murakami A, Chiyonobu T, Tokuda S, Nishimura A, Nishimura T, Hosoi H Callosal injury in preterm infants is a key factor affecting neurodevelopmental outcome. We investigated the characteristics of corpus callosum (CC) in preterm infants without apparent white matter lesions. We studied 58 preterm infants divided into three groups of 23-25, 26-29, and 30-33 weeks gestational age (GA). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained at term-equivalent age. The CC was parcellated into the genu, body, isthmus, and splenium. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of each CC subdivision using tractography and manual region of interest analysis. The cross-sectional areas were also mea... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235254 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4235253&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21131896%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kosmač M, Avčin T, Toplak N, Simonini G, Cimaz R, Serbec VC Over the last decade, the treatment of a variety of immune-mediated diseases has improved greatly due to the introduction of biologics for therapies in cases that are non-responsive to traditional treatments. However, a side effect not encountered in traditional treatments is the immunogenicity of the biologics themselves. Our aim was to investigate the anti-infliximab-antibody response in pediatric patients receiving infliximab for juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other pediatric rheumatic diseases, with a focus on an analysis of the binding sites of these antibodies. We show that anti-infliximab antibodies developed in 43% of patients receiving infliximab therapy. Neutralization studies showed that in all of thes... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4235253 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4235253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208168&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21099447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Furuhjelm C, Jenmalm MC, Fälth-Magnusson K, Duchén K We investigated whether the previously reported preventive effect of maternal ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on IgE-associated allergic disease in infancy may be mediated by facilitating a balanced circulating Th2/Th1 chemokine profile in the infant. Vaccine-induced immune responses at two years of age were also evaluated. Pregnant women, at risk of having an allergic infant, were randomized to daily supplementation with 1.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.1 g docosahexaenoic acid or placebo from the 25 gestational week through 3.5 months of breastfeeding. Infant plasma was analysed for chemokines (cord blood, 3m, 12m, 24m, n=72) and anti-tetanus and -diphtheria IgG (24m, n=94). High Th2-associated CC-chemokine ligand 17 (C... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208168 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208167&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21099448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laube M, Küppers E, Thome UH The effects of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) on alveolar epithelial Na transport were studied in isolated alveolar epithelial cells from 18-19-day gestational age rat fetuses, grown to confluence in serum-free media supplemented with E2 (0 - 1 μmol/l) and P (0 - 2.8 μmol/l). Short-circuit currents (ISC) were measured showing an increase by E2 and P in a dose dependent manner. The Na,K-ATPase subunits -α1 and -β1 were detected by Western blotting, but total expression was not significantly altered. Furthermore, all three ENaC (epithelial Na channel) subunits, -α, -β, and -γ were detected, with trends towards a higher expression in the presence of E2 and P. Real-Time PCR revealed an increase of α- and β-ENaC expression, but no alterat... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208167 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208166&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21099449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsai NY, Laforce-Nesbitt SS, Tucker R, Bliss JM Candida albicans is the leading fungal pathogen causing invasive disease in immunocompromised patients including the neonate. A reliable animal model for disseminated candidiasis in the neonate is needed to study the unique aspects of this host-pathogen interaction. To establish such a model, two day old BALB/c mouse pups were given intraperitoneal injections with varied inocula of C. albicans or saline control. Pups were examined every 3-8 hours for death. Surviving pups were sacrificed at 72 hours. Kidney, lung, spleen, liver and brain were homogenized and plated for colony counts and/or fixed for histological staining. Intraperitoneal injection of C. albicans led to mortality in a dose-dependent fashion. Disseminated infection... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208166 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4208166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176657&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21076366%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: evidence available on short- and long-term health impact for mother and child currently favours actions directed at controlling pre-pregnancy weight, and preventing obesity in women of reproductive ages. More randomized-controlled-trials are needed to evaluate the effects of nutritional and behavioural interventions in pregnancy-outcomes. Also suggestions that maternal obesity may transfer obesity-risk to child through non-mendelian (e.g. epigenetic) mechanisms requires more long-term investigation. PMID: 21076366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176657 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4176657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176656&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21076367%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that the existence of residual PGPS may maintain a low profile of cytokine production in the middle ear mucosa and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of OME. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21076367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176656 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4176656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176655&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21076368%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effects of IL-13 (2 and 20ng/ml) on in vitro mucociliary differentiation in pediatric bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) of normal (PBEC(N)) and asthmatic (PBEC(A)) children. Markers of differentiation, real time PCR for MUC5AC, MUC5AC ELISA and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were assessed. Stimulation with 20ng/ml IL-13 in PBEC(N) resulted in GCH (20ng/ml IL-13: mean 33.8% (SD 7.2) versus un-stimulated: mean 18.9% (SD 5.0), p<0.0001) and decreased ciliated cell number (20ng/ml IL-13: mean 8% (SD 5.6) versus un-stimulated: mean 22.7% (SD 7.6), p<0.01). PBEC(N) stimulated with 20ng/ml IL-13 resulted in greater than 5 fold (SD 3.2) increase in MUC5AC mRNA expression, p< 0.001 compared to un-stimulated PBEC(N). In PBEC(A), GCH was also seen (20ng/ml IL-1... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176655 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4176655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162537&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21068693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Canale-Zambrano JC, Haston CK The intestinal phenotype of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator deficient mice includes altered cell homeostasis and a distended crypt-villus axis, which, in previous work, was inversely proportional to body weight. To investigate this correlation herein we treated CF mice with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (Igfbp-3), a protein which, as it has potent effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis, we hypothesized would alter the intestinal cell homeostasis, and assessed body weight. Six week old C57BL/6J x BALB F2 CF and WT mice received recombinant human IGFBP-3 (rhIGFBP-3, 20 mg/kg), or vehicle treatment and weight gain, serum protein levels, and intestinal histology were assessed. Administration of rhIGFBP-3 to... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162537 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4162537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162536&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21068694%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, L-carnitine, a lower dose of dexamethasone and their combination caused less negative effects in later life. Since L-carnitine + half dexamethasone had a negative effect on growth, attention to monitor L-carnitine levels during dexamethasone treatment of pre-term newborns seems to be justified. The finding that neonatal L-carnitine caused reduced food intake in later life warrants further investigation. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21068694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162536 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4162536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162540&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21057375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brock RS, Gebrekristos BH, Kuniyoshi KM, Modanlou HD, Falcao MC, Beharry KD Low serum IGF-I levels at birth is a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants. We tested the hypothesis that JB1 (an IGF-I analogue) prevents oxygen-induced retinopathy in our rat model. Neonatal rats were exposed to 50% oxygen with brief, clustered, hypoxic (12%) episodes from birth to P14. The pups were treated with subcutaneous injections of: 1) JB1 (1 μg/day) on P1, P2 and P3 (JB1x3); 2) JB1 (1 μg/day) on alternate days from P1 to P13 (JB1x7); or 3) equivalent volume saline. Control littermates were raised in room air (RA) with all conditions identical except for inspired O2. Groups were analyzed following hyperoxia/hypoxia (H/H) cycling ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162540 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4162540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162539&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21057376%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the development of memory CD4 differed in acute adenovirus and persistent cytomegalovirus infections. Young age appeared to depress mostly polyfunctional (IL2+IFNγ secreting) CD4 in both infections. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21057376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162539 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4162539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4162538&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21057377%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effects of NT on tube formation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and α-tubulin assembly in PAEC. We assessed superoxide anion (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in PAEC during NT exposure. Effects of NT on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were examined with respect to eNOS-dimer formation and the association of eNOS chaperone, heat-shock-protein-90 (hsp90). NT decreased tube formation and increased apoptosis in PAEC. NT also decreased NO levels, increased NOS- dependent O2 generation and promoted α-tubulin depolymerization. Although NT increased eNOS homodimer formation, it decreased the hsp90 association with eNOS. Our data suggest that increased NT formation during sepsis may uncouple eNOS activity and increase oxidative stress. Since NO plays an important role in angiogenes... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4162538 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4162538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4143421&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21045750%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested the hypothesis that the sexually dimorphic adrenocortical response to stress is already established prior to birth. Chronically-instrumented late gestation pregnant sheep carrying 16 male and 15 female age-matched singleton fetuses were subjected to an acute episode of hypoxic stress. Maternal and fetal blood gases, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were measured. In addition, 6 male and 6 female fetuses received the ACTH analogue, Synacthen, and plasma cortisol was measured. During hypoxic stress, the increment in plasma cortisol was two-fold greater in male vs. females fetuses (30.6±3.2 vs. 14.3±2.0ng/ml; P<0.001) mediated, in part, by greater adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH. The data support the hypothesis tested and show that sex-specific differ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4143421 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4143421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4143420&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21045751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Friel JK, Diehl-Jones B, Cockell KA, Chiu A, Rabanni R, Davies SS, Roberts LJ Morbidity in the premature (PT) infant may reflect difficult adaptation to oxygen. We hypothesized that feeding including formula feeding (F) and feeding mother's milk (HM) with added fortifier would affect redox status. Therefore, 65 PT infants (birthweight: 1146 ± 261 g; gestational age 29 ± 2.5 wks; mean ± SD) were followed biweekly once oral feeds were introduced. Feeding groups: F (> 75% total feeds); HM (>75% total feeds) further subdivided according to HMF content of; 0-10%, 20-49% and > 50%. Oxidative stress was quantified by F2-isoprostanes in urine, protein carbonyls and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in plasma. F2-isoprostanes (ng/mg creatinine): 0-2 wks, 125 ± 63; ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4143420 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4143420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4143419&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21045752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang P, Wan JM, Sit WH, Lee CL, Schmidt M, Sangild PT Intestinal adaptation from parenteral to enteral nutrition is crucial for survival and growth of newborns. Rapid feeding-induced gut maturation occurs immediately after birth in both preterm and term neonates but it remains unclear whether the responses depend on factors related to birth transition (e.g. bacterial colonization, endocrine and metabolic changes). We hypothesized that enteral feeding matures the immature intestine, even in fetuses before birth. Hence, control pig fetuses were compared with fetuses fed milk formula for 24 h in utero. Gel-based proteomics showed that feeding induced changes in 38 proteins, along with marked increases in intestinal mass and changes in activities of brush border enzymes. Physiolo... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4143419 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4143419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4143418&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21045753%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these data show that MIF expression is increased in lung and serum of preterm infants and suggest that the high-producing MIF -173*C allele may be a protective factor for BPD. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 21045753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4143418 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4143418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119985&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20975616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abdelhamid AE, Chuang SL, Hayes P, Fell JM Enteral feeding with cow's milk formula is associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis. Dietary antigen sensitization may play a role in promoting and/or sustaining inflammation in both conditions. Aiming at investigating cow's milk protein (CMP)-specific cytokine responses in preterm infants with NEC, and sepsis, 14 NEC babies, 14 matched healthy controls, and 10 septic controls were recruited. Unstimulated and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) secreting IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were counted by the single-cell Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. During the acute phase of NEC, patients showed a general pattern of a high level of cytokine secretion both when unstimulated, and st... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119985 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4119985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119984&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20975617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chou HC, Chen MH, Yang HI, Su YN, Hsieh WS, Chen CY, Chen HL, Chang MH, Tsao PN Breastfeeding jaundice is a common problem in neonates who were exclusively breastfed, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. The uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphism was shown to contribute to the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We hypothesize that the variation of UGT1A1 gene may contribute to neonatal breastfeeding jaundice. We prospectively enrolled 688 near term & term infants who were exclusively breast-fed (BF group) or were supplemented by infant formula partially (SF group) before onset of hyperbilirubinemia. Genotyping of the promoter and exon1 of UGT1A1 was performed in all neonates. Neonates in BF group had a significantly higher ma... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119984 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4119984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4119983&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20975618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fitzpatrick AM, Teague WG, Burwell L, Brown MS, Brown LA, Airway cellular dysfunction is a differentiating feature of severe asthma in children that may be related to an imbalance of the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). We hypothesized that oxidation of GSH to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of children with severe asthma would contribute to altered airway macrophage (AM) GSH homeostasis and AM cellular dysfunction. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 64 asthmatic children (severe asthma, n=43). GSH, GSSG, markers of lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation, and interleukin-8 were quantified in the BAL supernatant. GSH, GSSG, activities of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyl transferase (HAT), apoptosis, and phagocytosis were a... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4119983 Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4119983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055614&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924313%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, there were no short term benefits on ventilation and gas exchange of nasal ventilation compared to NCPAP in clinically stable preterm infants. However, synchronized nasal ventilation reduced breathing effort and resulted in better infant-ventilator interaction than non-synchronized nasal ventilation. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 20924313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055614 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4055614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055613&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buccigrossi V, Armellino C, Ruberto E, Vittoria Barone M, De Marco G, Esposito C, Guarino A Guanylin receptor guanylate cyclase (GC-C) peaks in neonatal intestine and is involved in either enterocyte proliferation and chloride secretion. The latter is more potent when GC-C activator guanylin, or its analogue E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), is added to the mucosal rather than serosal side of intestinal monolayers. Using Ussing chambers, we investigated transepithelial ion transport and enterocyte proliferation and their mechanisms in response to the addition of guanylin or ST to the mucosal or serosal side of Caco-2 monolayers and in ileal specimens from neonates. GC-C activation showed a polar pattern of the effects. GC-C mucosal activation resulted in a potent cGMP-chlo... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055613 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4055613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055612&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haynes RL, Xu G, Folkerth RD, Trachtenberg FL, Volpe JJ, Kinney HC Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in the premature infant represents the major substrate underlying cognitive deficits and cerebral palsy and is characterized as focal periventricular necrosis and diffuse gliosis in the immature cerebral white matter. We have recently shown a significant decrease in the density of neurons in PVL relative to controls throughout the white matter, including the subventricular, periventricular, and subcortical regions. These neurons are likely to be remnants of the subplate and/or GABAergic neurons in late migration to the cerebral cortex, both of which are important for proper cortical circuitry in development and throughout adulthood. Here we tested the hypothesis that intrinsic... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055612 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4055612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055611&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924316%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents basic data from a study of ethnic Chinese children's cerebellums using reconstructed 3D brain images. Based on the technique we introduce here, clinicians can evaluate the growth of the brain. PMID: 20924316 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055611 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4055611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055610&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924317%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, gestational age and NEC influence neonatal gut colonization, while diet has minor effects. CP is more abundant in pigs with NEC, but rather as a consequence than a cause of disease. The general bacterial load and underdeveloped gut immune responses in preterm neonates seem more important for NEC development than specific pathogens. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 20924317 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055610 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4055610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055609&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20924318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harwood DT, Darlow BA, Cheah FC, McNeill N, Graham P, Winterbourn CC Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with neutrophil infiltration into the lungs and oxidative injury. However, the pathological importance of neutrophil oxidants is still not clear. Nosocomial pneumonia is also implicated but the evidence is limited, in part due to the difficulty of distinguishing genuine infection from bacterial colonization. Good biomarkers of neutrophil oxidant activity and lung infection are needed. We tested whether glutathione sulfonamide, a product of glutathione oxidation by the myeloperoxidase product hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and a potential new neutrophil oxidant biomarker, is detectable in endotracheal aspirates from ventilated preterm infants. As infectious organisms stimulat... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055609 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4055609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4033048&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20921924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hecht JL, Fichorova RN, Tang VF, Allred EN, McElrath TF, Leviton A, Amniotic fluid infection with chorioamnionitis is associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality in children born prematurely. These risks depend on the presence of a fetal inflammatory response. We measured the concentrations of 25 proteins in the blood of 871 infants born before the 28 week of gestation, and examined their placentas for acute inflammation. Newborns who had inflammatory lesions of the placenta were much more likely than their peers (p<0.01) to have elevated blood concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-alpha), chemokines (IL-8, MIP-1β, RANTES, I-TAC), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, ICAM-3, E-selectin), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP -9), the angiogenic inflammatory ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4033048 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4033048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3994725&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20841988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20841988 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3994725 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 21:30:28 +0100 3994725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3994724&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20856165%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, EPO improves sensorimotor function after neonatal HI and protects against striatum atrophy, hippocampus injury and white matter loss. The protective effect of EPO is dose-dependent and only present in females. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 20856165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3994724 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3994724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3994723&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20856166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Villapol S, Fau S, Renolleau S, Biran V, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O Melatonin demonstrates neuroprotective properties in adult models of cerebral ischemia, acting as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the effect of melatonin in a 7 day-old rat model of ischemia-reperfusion leading to both cortical infarct and injury in the underlying white matter observed using MR imaging and immunohistochemistry. Melatonin was given intraperitoneally as either a single dose before ischemia or a double dose regimen, combining one before ischemia and one 24 hours after reperfusion. At 48 hours after injury, neither a significant reduction in cortical infarct volume nor a variation in the number of TUNEL- and nitrotyrosine-positive cells within the ipsilateral l... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3994723 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3994723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3994722&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20856167%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we evaluated if cognitive and fine motor abnormalities are associated with impaired microstructural integrity in specific WM regions in SWS. Fifteen children with unilateral SWS (age: 3-12.4 years) and 11 controls (age: 6-12.8 years) underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Tract Based Spatial Statistics was used for objective comparisons of WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) between the two groups. In the SWS group, WM FA and MD values were correlated with IQ and fine motor scores, with age as a co-variate. Bilateral, multilobar WM areas showed decreased FA, while significant MD increases were confined to small ipsilateral posterior regions in SWS children. IQ in the SWS group (range: 47-128) was positively correlated with FA in the ipsilateral prefrontal WM... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3994722 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3994722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3994721&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20856168%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the level of protein in formulas did not modify intestinal structure and function in NBW individuals but dramatically modified intestinal barrier function physiology in LBW individuals. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 20856168 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3994721 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3994721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3994720&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20856169%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tomlinson C, Rafii M, Sgro M, Ball RO, Pencharz P In neonatal mammals, arginine is synthesized in the enterocyte, with either proline or glutamate as the dietary precursor(s). We have shown several times in piglets that proline is the only precursor to arginine, although in vitro evidence supports glutamate in this role. Because of this uncertainty, we performed a multitracer stable isotope study to determine whether proline, glutamate or both are dietary precursors for arginine in enterally fed human neonates. Labelled arginine (M+2), proline (M+1) and glutamate (M+3) were given enterally to fifteen stable, growing preterm infants (gestational age at birth 30-35 weeks) at 1-3 weeks postnatal age. Enrichment in urine of the tracer amino acids and the M+1 and M+3 isotopomers of... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3994720 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3994720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3960186&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814347%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diblasi RM, Zignego JC, Smith CV, Hansen TN, Richardson CP We have developed two devices: a high-amplitude bubble continuous positive airway pressure (HAB-CPAP) and an inexpensive bubble intermittent mandatory ventilator (B-IMV) to test the hypotheses that simple, inexpensive devices can provide gas exchange similar to that of bubble-CPAP (B-CPAP) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Twelve paralyzed juvenile rabbits were intubated, stabilized on CMV, then switched to CPAP. On identical mean airway pressures (MAP), animals were unable to maintain pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) >80% on conventional B-CPAP, but all animals oxygenated well (97.3+/-2.1%) on HAB-CPAP. In fact, arterial partial pressures of O2 (PaO2) were higher during HAB-CPAP than during CMV (p=0.01... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3960186 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3960186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3960185&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814348%26dopt%3DAbstract We present evidence that increased excretion of the 7C-aglycone was associated with metabolic overload due to exposure to high tissue K1 concentrations. Measurement of the 5C- and 7C-aglycones may facilitate longitudinal studies of vitamin K status in neonates and aid the development of improved prophylactic regimens. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 20814348 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3960185 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3960185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867543&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20703141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20703141 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867543 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 01:39:15 +0100 3867543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867542&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20703142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shah TA, Hillman NH, Nitsos I, Polglase GR, Jane Pillow J, Newnham JP, Jobe AH, Kallapur SG Monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1 and MCP-2) mediate monocyte and T-lymphocyte chemotaxis, and IL-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis-induced lung inflammation and fetal inflammatory responses. We tested the hypothesis that IL-1 mediates the systemic and pulmonary induction of MCP-1 and MCP-2 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chorioamnionitis. MCP-1 mRNA, MCP-2 mRNA, and MCP-1 protein expression were measured in two models: 1) intra-amniotic LPS and 2) intra-amniotic recombinant sheep IL-1alpha given at varying intervals before preterm delivery at 124 d GA. Intra-amniotic LPS or IL-1alpha induced MCP-1 mRNA and protein and MCP-2 mRNA in fetal lung ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867542 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 01:39:12 +0100 3867542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867541&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20703143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Granslo HN, Klingenberg C, Fredheim EG, Rønnestad A, Mollnes TE, Flægstad T The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) in Staphylococci encodes several putative virulence factors. ACME appears to have been transferred from Staphylococcus epidermidis into Staphylococcus aureus and is strongly associated with the epidemic and virulent S. aureus USA300. We sought to determine the distribution of ACME in 128 S. epidermidis blood culture isolates from neonates and to assess ACME's impact on antibiotic resistance, biofilm production, invasive capacity, and host inflammatory response. ACME was detected in 15/64 (23%) invasive blood culture isolates and 26/64 (40%) blood culture contaminants (p = 0.02). ACME-positive S. epidermidis isolates displayed less antibiotic resistance... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867541 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 01:39:09 +0100 3867541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3867540&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20703144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lavoie PM, Lavoie JC, Watson C, Rouleau T, Chang BA, Chessex P The i.v. lipid emulsion (LIP) is a source of oxidants, which may stimulate inflammation. Coadministration of parenteral multivitamins (MVP) with LIP prevents lipid peroxidation in light-exposed total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We hypothesized that this modality of TPN administration affects systemic inflammation, which may be modulated by exposure to oxygen. Premature infants were allocated to three TPN regimens: control regimen - MVP coadministered with amino acid/dextrose exposed to ambient light, LIP provided separately (n = 9) - LIP+MVP light exposed (LE): MVP coadministered with light-exposed LIP (n = 9) - LIP+MVP light protected (LP): MVP coadministered with light-protected LIP (n = 8). In LE and LP, amino a... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3867540 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 01:39:06 +0100 3867540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3763350&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20631587%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20631587 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3763350 Sun, 18 Jul 2010 18:15:12 +0100 3763350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3763349&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20631588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heck DE PMID: 20631588 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3763349 Sun, 18 Jul 2010 18:15:06 +0100 3763349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740707&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20613680%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soriano-Rodríguez P, Osiniri I, Grau-Cabrera P, Riera-Pérez E, Prats-Puig A, Carbonell-Alferez M, Schneider S, Mora-Maruny C, de Zegher F, Ibánez L, Bassols J, López-Bermejo A There is increasing evidence that cortisol contributes to cardiovascular risk. It is unclear whether physiological concentrations of serum cortisol are related to vascular risk markers in children. The cross-sectional associations between morning serum cortisol and cardiovascular risk markers -blood pressure (BP) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)- were examined in a sample of healthy prepubertal children (age 6.8 +/- 0.1 yr) attending primary care clinics. Serum cortisol was associated with increased systolic BP (n=223; p<0.001) and carotid IMT (n=91; p<0.0001). These association... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740707 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740706&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20613681%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin exposure to cause cytokine activation in neonatal mice and examine left ventricular (LV) function as well as the effects of antioxidant treatment on cytokine levels. Neonatal mice (6 day old) were injected with either 25 mg/kg LPS (n=13) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n=14) and LV function (echocardiography) was measured at 4 hours. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured at 30 min, 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection (n=5 mice per group). Effects of pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 50 mg/kg) on cytokine levels were examined at 2 and 4 hours following PBS or LPS (n=5 mice per group). Four hours after LPS heart rate was increased (434+/-14 vs. 405+/-14 bpm, p<0... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740706 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740705&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20613682%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested the hypothesis that maternal treatment with clinical doses of the antioxidant allopurinol in the setting of fetal asphyxia would reduce oxidative stress in the fetal cardiovascular system. The hypothesis was tested in chronically-instrumented fetal sheep in late gestation by investigating the effects of maternal treatment with therapeutic doses of allopurinol or vehicle on the fetal cardiovascular system during and following episodes of I/R. The latter were produced by repeated, measured compressions of the umbilical cord. The data show that maternal treatment with allopurinol helped maintain umbilical blood flow and it reduced fetal cardiac oxidative stress following I/R of the type associated with clinically relevant acidemia and repetitive fetal heart rate deceleration... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740705 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740704&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20613683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lenz A, Bennett M, Skelton WP, Vesely DL C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been shown to regulate proliferation of mouse and rat osteoblasts. Genetic deletion of CNP results in dwarfism. Overexposure of CNP has been associated with arachnodactyly of hands and feet with a very long hallux bilaterally in a 14 year old girl. CNP effects on bone growth involve inhibition of MEK 1 and ERK 1/2 kinases mediated via the intracellular messenger cyclic GMP. Vessel dilator is another natriuretic peptide synthesized by the atrial natriuretic peptide gene whose biologic half-life is 12 times longer than CNP. Vessel dilator's biologic effects on proliferating cells are mediated via inhibiting MEK 1/2 and ERK 1/2 kinases via cyclic GMP. Vessel dilator has never been studied on osteoblasts. CNP... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740704 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740703&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20613684%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is a randomized, controlled trial using newborn pigs. Lung injury was induced via surfactant washout. Animals were randomized into groups: 1. LMA placed, no surfactant administered (control; n=8) 2. Surfactant via a LMA (LMA group; n=8) 3. Surfactant via an ETT (ETT group; n=8). We demonstrated that PaO2 levels of the LMA and ETT groups were not statistically different. Time for successful placement of LMA was 19+/- 1 seconds vs ETT 123+/- 35 seconds (mean+/-SEM); number of attempts for successful LMA placement was 1.1 (1-2) vs ETT 1.9 (1-7) (mean, range). Administration of surfactant via a LMA as compared to an ETT resulted in similar improvements in oxygenation. Placement of the device required less time and fewer attempts. These data suggest that further study in human neonat... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740703 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740711&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20606598%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, neither reducing the target temperature from 33 degrees C to 30 degrees C nor prolonging the duration from 24 hours to 48 hours produced further improvements in neurologic outcomes in neonatal rat with HIE. ABBREVIATIONS: PMID: 20606598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740711 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740710&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20606599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hutten GJ, van Eykern LA, Latzin P, Thamrin C, van Aalderen WM, Frey U Infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) have a capacity to maintain functional lung volume despite alterations to their lung mechanics. We hypothesise that they achieve this by altering breathing patterns and dynamic elevation of lung volume, leading to differences in the relationship between respiratory muscle activity, flow and lung volume. Lung function and transcutaneous electromyography of the respiratory muscles (rEMG) were measured in 20 infants with CLD and 39 healthy age-matched, controls during quiet sleep. We compared coefficient of variations (CV) of rEMG and the temporal relationship of rEMG variables, to flow and lung volume (FRC) between these groups. The time between the start of inspiratory... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740710 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3740709&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20606600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Idro R, Marsh K, John CC, Newton CR Cerebral malaria is the most severe neurological complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. With over 575,000 cases annually, children in sub-Saharan Africa are the most affected. Surviving patients have an increased risk of neurological and cognitive deficits, behavioral difficulties and epilepsy making cerebral malaria a leading cause of childhood neuro-disability in the region. The pathogenesis of neuro-cognitive sequelae is poorly understood: coma develops through multiple mechanisms and there may be several mechanisms of brain injury. It is unclear how an intravascular parasite causes such brain injury. Understanding these mechanisms is important to develop appropriate neuro-protective interventions. This paper examines possi... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3740709 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3740709