MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Pediatric Research' source. Tue, 16 Mar 2010 16:35:09 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359668&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220546%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides the alarming evidence that in an acute inflammatory condition, IGF-1 may have severe, harmful effects on developing brain. PMID: 20220546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359668 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359667&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foster CD, Varghese LS, Gonzales LW, Margulies SS, Guttentag SH Stretch is an essential mechanism for lung growth and development. Animal models in which fetal lungs have been chronically over- or under-distended demonstrate a disrupted mix of type II and type I cells, with static overdistention typically promoting a type I cell phenotype. The Rho GTPase family, key regulators of cytoskeletal signaling, are known to mediate cellular differentiation in response to stretch in other organs. Using a well-described model of alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and a validated stretch device, we investigated the effects of supraphysiologic stretch on human fetal lung (HFL) alveolar epithelial cell phenotype. Static stretch applied to epithelial cells suppressed type II cell mark... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359667 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359666&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Blasio MJ, Blache D, Gatford KL, Robinson JS, Owens JA Low birth weight and catch-up growth predict increased adiposity in children and adults. This may be due in part to leptin resistance, as adults who were born small exhibit increased plasma leptin concentration relative to adiposity. Placental restriction (PR), a major cause of IUGR, reduces size at birth and increases feeding activity and adiposity by 6 wk in sheep. We hypothesised that PR would increase plasma leptin concentration and alter its relationship with feeding activity and adiposity in young lambs. Body size, plasma leptin, feeding activity, adiposity, leptin and leptin receptor gene expression in adipose tissue, were measured (12 control, 12 PR). PR reduced size at birth and increased adiposity. Plasma lept... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359666 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359665&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Polglase GR, Hillman NH, Pillow JJ, Nitsos I, Newnham JP, Knox CL, Kallapur SG, Jobe AH Ureaplasma species are the microorganisms most frequently isolated from women with preterm birth and are associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Initiation of ventilation with high tidal volumes (VT) causes lung injury and inflammation. We investigated whether antenatal colonization with Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 (UP) would alter the inflammatory response to mechanical ventilation of preterm lambs. Merino ewes were given intraamniotic injections of UP at 55d gestation, and the lambs were surgically delivered at 128+/-1d gestation and assigned to three groups: 1) Gentle Ventilation (GV), 2) High VT ventilation, or 3) Unventilated Control. Lambs delivered from non-c... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359665 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359664&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220550%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: James ML, Ross AC, Bulger A, Philips JB, Ambalavanan N We have shown that vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) synergistically increase lung retinyl ester content in neonatal rats. To confirm if this biochemical synergism attenuates early neonatal hyperoxic lung injury in mice, we exposed newborn C57BL/6 mice to 95% O2 or air from birth to 4 days. The agent (vehicle, VA, RA or the combination VARA) was given orally daily. Lung and liver retinyl ester content was measured, and lung injury and development were evaluated. We observed that lung, but not liver, retinyl ester levels were increased more by VARA than by VA or RA alone. Hyperoxic lung injury was reduced by VA and RA, and more so by VARA. VARA attenuated the hyperoxia-induced increases in macrophage inflammatory protei... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359664 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359671&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20216104%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh AJ, Bronshtein V, Khashu M, Lee K, Potts JE, Friel J, Chessex P Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a major cause of long-term morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Parenteral vitamin A administration decreases the risk of CLD. We tested the hypothesis that intratracheal vitamin A administration with surfactant is systemically bioavailable without interfering with the functional properties of exogenous surfactant. Newborn piglets were ventilated with 100% FiO2 and sequential saline lavage induced respiratory distress syndrome model. During lung injury induction, ventilator changes were allowed, but none were made following treatment allocation. Animals were assigned by chance in a blinded control trial to 3 groups: I = control; II ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359671 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359670&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20216105%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cooke RJ, Griffin IJ, McCormick K To determine whether adiposity was altered, body size (weight, length) and composition, determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, were examined in preterm infants fed either a nutrient-enriched (A, n = 56), a term infant (B, n = 57) or the nutrient-enriched (discharge-term) plus the term formula (term-6 m; C, n = 26) and a group of breast-fed preterm infants (D, n = 25) at hospital discharge, 3 m, 6 m and 12 m corrected age. The results were analyzed using standard statistics. One hundred and sixty-four infants (birth weight = 1406 +/- 248 g, gestation = 31 +/- 1.7 w) were studied. All infants underwent 'catch-up' but weight and length were greater in infants in A compared to B, C or D. More rapid and complete 'catch-up' was paralleled b... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359670 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3359669&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20216106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soligard HT, Nilsen OG, Bratlid D Ibuprofen binds to plasma albumin, and could interfere with the binding of bilirubin in jaundiced newborn infants. Most clinical studies have not shown increased concentrations of unbound bilirubin in plasma from infants treated with ibuprofen for a patent ductus arteriosus. Studies in vitro have, however, not been equally conclusive. Plasma were obtained from routine samples from jaundiced newborn infants and pooled. Total and unbound bilirubin was measured with the peroxidase method after addition of ibuprofen or sulfisoxazole as a known bilirubin displacer. Final ibuprofen concentrations varied from 0.43 to 2.6 mmol/L. Bilirubin concentrations were varied from 176 - 708 mumol/L by adding bilirubin to plasma samples. Ibuprofen caused a linea... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3359669 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3359669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3275718&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20154575%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20154575 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3275718 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:52:08 +0100 3275718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3275717&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20154576%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grody WW, Howell RR PMID: 20154576 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3275717 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:52:05 +0100 3275717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3259722&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20139795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Machado MC, Cheng D, Tarquinio KM, Webster TJ Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a serious and costly clinical problem affecting pediatrics today. This device related infection is thought to be directly linked to the colonization of the endotracheal tube (ETT) during long-term mechanical ventilation. Because of unspecific radiographic and clinical signs, VAP is especially difficult to diagnose in the pediatric population. Treatment with antibiotics is often ineffective and VAP is associated with high morbidity, mortality and medical costs. The use of nanomodified coatings on ETT may provide an effective strategy to prevent biofilm formation and ETT colonization. Nanoparticles like selenium and iron oxide have been shown to penetrate into the biofilm reaching the protecte... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3259722 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3259722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3259721&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20139796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCabe KM, Hernandez M Conventional temperature measurements rely on material responses to heat, which can be detected visually. When Galileo developed an air expansion based device to detect temperature changes, Santorio, a contemporary physician, added a scale to create the first thermometer. With this instrument, patients' temperatures could be measured, recorded and related to changing health conditions. Today, advances in materials science and bioengineering provide new ways to report temperature at the molecular level in real time. In this review the scientific foundations and history of thermometry underpin a discussion of the discoveries emerging from the field of molecular thermometry. Intracellular nanogels and heat sensing biomolecules have been shown to accurately ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3259721 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3259721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198609&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Durrmeyer X, Vutskits L, Anand KJ, Rimensberger PC Recent advances in neonatal intensive care include and are partly attributable to growing attention for comfort and pain control in the term and preterm infant requiring intensive care.Limitation of painful procedures is certainly possible, but most critically ill infants require unavoidable painful or stressful procedures such as intubation, mechanical ventilation, or catheterization.Many analgesics (opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)and sedatives (benzodiazepines and other anesthetic agents) are available but their use varies considerably among units. This review summarizes current experimental knowledge on the effects of sedative and analgesic drugs on brain development and reviews clinical evidence that spea... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198609 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 10:12:14 +0100 3198609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198608&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091938%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, NCS measurement showed that cholesterol plasma levels are related to the cholesterol synthesis in ADH and to cholesterol absorption in PHC. NCS improve the detection of ADH in pediatric patients, whereas FCHL diagnosis is not improved. PMID: 20091938 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198608 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 10:12:11 +0100 3198608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198607&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Su PH, Chen JY, Chen JW, Wang SL Because placental polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) levels are associated with decreased free thyroxine (FT(4)) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in neonates, we assessed development by gender and maternal PCDD/Fs exposure at years 2 and 5 in 92 mother and newborn pairs. RIA quantified thyroid, sex, and growth hormones. Of 200 subjects followed up from November 2000, 136 and 149 were observed at year 2 and year 5,respectively. PCDD/Fs exposure levels were low (n = 35) or high (n = 35) in 70 subjects at year 2, low (n = 21) or high (n = 20) in 41 at year 5. Height, weight, BMI, and head circumference were significantly higher in males, chest girth significantly higher in females at year 2. Significantly, more girls ha... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198607 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 10:12:08 +0100 3198607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3198606&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20091940%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to describe the distribution of responses in a large population-based survey, identify cutoff points for the parent concern checklist (PCC) suitable for the Chinese language and culture, and explore how many children were identified as having evidence of problems at age 18 mo different from those at age 6 mo. Using a national randomly selected sample, the overall development of 21,248 children was investigated using the Taiwan Birth Cohort study instrument, and the PCC, a problem-oriented screening instrument. The Newton-Raphson iteration showed that the PCC should be separated into three groups, those scoring 1-2 in the first group, 3- 6 in the second group, and 7- 8 in the third group.Structural equation models showed that 6-mo development was predictive of 18-mo develop... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3198606 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 10:12:05 +0100 3198606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3185196&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081484%26dopt%3DAbstract EDITOR'S FOCUS. Pediatr Res. 2010 Feb;67(2):A5 Authors: PMID: 20081484 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3185196 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 16:52:16 +0100 3185196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3185195&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marlow N PMID: 20081485 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3185195 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 16:52:13 +0100 3185195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3185194&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20081486%26dopt%3DAbstract Simulation: The New "Triple Threat": Commentary on the article by Sá Couto et al. on page 158. Pediatr Res. 2010 Feb;67(2):130-131 Authors: Halamek LP PMID: 20081486 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3185194 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 16:52:05 +0100 3185194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180467&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wei F, Lillehoj PB, Ho CM The detection of mismatched base pairs in DNA plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of genetic-related diseases and conditions, especially for early stage treatment. Among the various biosensors that have been employed for DNA detection, electrochemical sensors show great promise since they are capable of precise DNA recognition and efficient signal transduction. Advancements in micro- and nanotechnologies, specifically fabrication techniques and new nanomaterials, have enabled for the development of highly sensitive, highly specific sensors making them attractive for the detection of small sequence variations. Furthermore, the integration of sensors with sample preparation and fluidic processes enables for rapid, multiplexed DNA detection for point-o... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180467 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3180467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180466&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roth CC The use of tissue engineering to develop new urinary bladder could have direct impact on children suffering from congenital bladder dysfunction. Current bladder tissue engineering protocols rely on scaffolds to support the ingrowth of new cells and the subsequent development of new tissues. The interaction between cells and scaffolds is mediated on the molecular level and nanotechnology is being investigated as a means to improve the biocompatibility of these scaffolds. In this review, we will discuss the current applications of nanotechnology for bladder tissue engineering; specifically, the use of selective degradation techniques and self-assembly molecules to create nano-features on existing scaffolds, the use of electrospinning to create de novo scaffolds, and the ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180466 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3180466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180465&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20075761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sakamoto KM Protein degradation is the cell's mechanism of eliminating misfolded or unwanted proteins. The pathway by which proteins are degraded occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ubiquitin is a small 9-kilodalton (kDa) protein that is attached to proteins. A minimum of four ubiquitins is required for proteins to be recognized by the degradation machinery, known as the 26S proteasome. Defects in ubiquitination have been identified in a number of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. We sought to exploit the delicate balance between protein synthesis and degradation to treat cancer by designing a chimeric molecule, known as Protac (Proteolysis Targeting Chimeric molecule). Protacs are heterobifunctional nanomolecules that... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180465 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3180465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156969&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nadeau K, Montermini L, Mandeville I, Xu M, Weiss ST, Sweezey NB, Kaplan F Alveolarization depends on circulating glucocorticoid (GC), retinoid (RA) and Vitamin D (VitD). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a leading cause of neonatal morbidity, is associated with arrested alveolarization. In hyperoxia-exposed rats displaying features of BPD, reduced levels of Lgl1 normalize during recovery. We show that GC (100nM) stimulates (7-115 fold) and VitD (100muM) suppresses (2 fold) Lgl1 expression. RA (all trans/9-cis, 10muM) effects are biphasic. From postnatal (PN) days 7-10, RA was stimulatory (2 fold) at 24h, after which effects were inhibitory (3-15 fold). Lgl1 promoter-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that these agents operated at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, th... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156969 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156968&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057336%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the c.-3279T>G mutation in the UGT1A1 promoter is a genetic risk factor for neonatal jaundice. PMID: 20057336 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156968 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156967&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057337%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, GSH concentration in VLBW infants increases significantly after birth. A concomitant increased synthesis rate was not found, suggesting that GSH consumption decreases upon AA administration. PMID: 20057337 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156967 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156966&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leung VY, Rasalkar DD, Liu JX, Sreedhar B, Yeung CK, Chu WC To evaluate bladder function in infants with antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis (ANH) using dynamic ultrasound protocol. 40 consecutive male infants (mean 0.25 years) with ANH and 33 age matched normal controls (mean 0.49 years) were recruited. Anteroposterior (AP) diameter of renal pelvis (RP) and hydronephrosis index (HI= AP diameter of RP of kidney divided by urinary bladder volume) were calculated. Maximum bladder volume (MaxBV) was determined just before voiding. Residual volume (RV) and bladder wall thickness (BWT) were measured after spontaneous voiding. 31 infants (77.5%) showed persistently dilated RP postnatally in which 12 (39%) showed significantly high HI. In general, ANH infants had smaller MaxBV (30.7... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156966 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156965&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057339%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, infected cholangiocytes did not promote chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. Investigating alternate cellular targets of RRV, we detected the virus in hepatic macrophages, and found that infected macrophages promoted neutrophil chemotaxis by release of Mip2/Cxcl2 in response to RRV. PMID: 20057339 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156965 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156964&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Felicia Faienza M, Santoro N, Lauciello R, Calabrò R, Giordani L, Di Salvo G, Ventura A, Delvecchio M, Perrone L, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Cavallo L Obese children have a great risk of hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity in adults. The Insulin-like Growth Factor type II (IGF-II) regulates glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular functions, and lipid metabolism. IGF2 gene variants have shown a strong association with weight, body mass index (BMI) and metabolic profile in adults. We performed the molecular screening of two IGF2 polymorphisms (6815 A/T, 820 G/A), in two hundred and twenty seven obese children in order to evaluate the potential association between IGF2 variants with either obesity or high blood pressure (assessed with a 24-h holter system) or both. A second c... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156964 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3156963&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20057341%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, outcome in pregnancies following IVF with and without PGS was similar. The small sample size precludes the conclusion that PGS is not associated with less favourable neurological outcome. Safety of new assisted reproductive techniques should be evaluated before large-scale implementation. PMID: 20057341 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3156963 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3156963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119106&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20027072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20027072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119106 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 16:50:05 +0100 3119106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102146&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20010379%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dargaville PA, Rimensberger PC PMID: 20010379 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102146 Sat, 19 Dec 2009 03:44:29 +0100 3102146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102145&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20010380%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: First LR PMID: 20010380 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102145 Sat, 19 Dec 2009 03:44:11 +0100 3102145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102144&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20010381%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lucey JF PMID: 20010381 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102144 Sat, 19 Dec 2009 03:43:53 +0100 3102144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102148&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20010313%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that IUV without oxygen can reduce alveolarization, whereas ventilation with oxygen (6h), even at levels found in air (21%), increases distal lung tissue volumes, elastin deposition, myofibroblast differentiation, and apoptosis. PMID: 20010313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102148 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102147&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20010314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solberg R, Andresen JH, Pettersen S, Wright MS, Munkeby BH, Charrat E, Khrestchatisky M, Rivera S, Saugstad OD The optimal oxygen concentration for newborn resuscitation is still discussed. Oxygen administration during reoxygenation may induce short- and long term pathological changes via oxidative stress and has been associated to later childhood cancer. The aim was to study changes in oxidative stress-associated markers in liver and lung tissue of newborn pigs after acute hypoxia followed by reoxygenation for 30 min with 21, 40, or 100% oxygen compared to room air or to ventilation with 100% oxygen without preceding hypoxia. Nine hours after resuscitation, we found a dose-dependent increase in the MMP gelatinase activity in liver tissue related to percentage oxygen supply by... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102147 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102143&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20016414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20016414 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102143 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102141&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20016415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharon B, Schleiss MR PMID: 20016415 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102141 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102139&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20016416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krous HF, Grossfeld P, Arnold J PMID: 20016416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102139 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3102137&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20016417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dettmeyer R, Bruch S, Haag C PMID: 20016417 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3102137 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3102137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053358&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Maldegem BT, Duran M, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR, Wijburg FA Short-chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an inborn error, biochemically characterized by increased plasma C4-Carnitine (C4-C) concentration and increased ethylmalonic acid (EMA) excretion and caused by rare mutations and/or common gene variants in the SCAD gene. Although its clinical relevance is not clear, SCADD is included in most US newborn screening programs. Riboflavin, the precursor of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, co-factor), might be effective for treating SCADD. We assessed the FAD status and evaluated the effects of riboflavin treatment in a prospective open-label cohort study involving 16 SCADD patients, subdivided into mutation/mutation, mutation/variant and variant/variant genotype g... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053358 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053357&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952865%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, high maternal autoantibody levels and blocking of folate binding to folate receptor alpha in maternal serum during pregnancy are not associated with an increased risk of oral clefts in the offspring in this population based cohort. PMID: 19952865 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053357 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053356&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952866%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coman DJ, Murray DW, Byrne JC, Rudd PM, Bagaglia PM, Doran PD, Treacy EP Long-term outcomes of Classic Galactosemia (Gal) remain disappointing. It is unclear if the complications result mainly from prenatal-neonatal toxicity or persistent glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis abnormalities. We performed gene expression profiling (T transcriptome) to characterise key altered genes and gene clusters of 4 Gal patients with variable outcomes maintained on a galactose restricted diet, compared to controls. Significant perturbations of multiple cell signalling pathways were observed including MAPK signalling, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. A number of genes significantly altered were further investigated in the Gal cohort inc... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053356 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053355&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Acevedo SF, Piper BJ, Craytor M, Benice TS, Raber J Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) and female sex are risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease. It is unclear whether apoE4 contributes to behavioral function at younger ages. Standard neuropsychological assessments (IQ, attention, executive function) and a test developed in this laboratory (Memory Island test of spatial learning and memory) were used to determine whether E4 and sex affect neuropsychological performance in healthy primary school children (age 7-10). A medical history was also obtained from the mother to determine if negative birth outcomes were associated with apoE4. Mothers of apoE4+ children were more likely to report that their newborn was placed in an Intensive Care Unit. A sex difference in birth weight wa... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053355 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053354&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952868%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, reductions in weight gain, growth, protein turnover, skeletal muscle FSR, and initiation of protein translation with moderate macronutrient restriction in colitis are not ameliorated by probiotic supplementation. However, maintaining adequate nutrient intake during colitis preserves whole body protein metabolism, but growth remains compromised. PMID: 19952868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053354 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053353&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19952869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milgrom J, Newnham C, Anderson PJ, Doyle LW, Gemmill AW, Lee K, Hunt RW, Bear M, Inder T Following birth, preterm infants face a stressful environment, which may negatively impact early brain development and subsequent neurobehavioral outcomes. This randomized controlled trial involving 45 women with infants <30 weeks gestation, assessed the effectiveness of training parents in reducing stressful experiences. Intervention consisted of 10 sessions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Post-intervention, at term-equivalent (40 weeks postmenstrual age), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed to evaluate brain structure and development. Quantitative volumetric techniques were used to estimate overall and regional brain volumes for different tissue types including c... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053353 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3013359&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19924028%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study is the first report of an anti-GATA1 autoantibody leading to severe thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding from multiple pinpoint hemangiomata. PMID: 19924028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3013359 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3013359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3013358&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19924029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wikstrand MH, Hård AL, Niklasson A, Hellström A The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of early and later postnatal growth variables on optic disc morphology in children (n=53) born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks. On fundus photographs taken at a median age of 5.4 years the optic discs were evaluated using digital image analysis, and compared with those of a control group (n=203). The results were analyzed in relation to GA, birth weight (BW) standard deviation score (SDS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), weight at postmenstrual age 32 weeks (SDS), and weight, length and head circumference (SDS) at follow-up. The preterm children's optic disc and neuronal rim areas were smaller than in the control group. Low BW (SDS) and weight week 32 (SDS) ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3013358 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3013358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998347&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915514%26dopt%3DAbstract Inhaled Nitric Oxide Decreases Leukocyte Trafficking in the Neonatal Mouse Lung During Exposure to >95% Oxygen. Pediatr Res. 2009 Nov 12; Authors: Rose MJ, Stenger MR, Joshi MS, Welty SE, Bauer JA, Nelin LD Chronic lung injury in the neonate is termed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). These patients generally require supplemental oxygen therapy, and hyperoxia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD. The concomitant use of oxygen and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) may result in the generation of reactive nitrogen species, or may have an anti-inflammatory effect in the neonatal lung. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to >95% O2 in neonatal mice would increase trafficking of leukocytes into the lung, and that the addition of iNO to >95% O2 would decrease this leuk... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998347 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998346&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915515%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these data demonstrate that MMP inhibition is associated with a reduction of IRI in a murine model. PMID: 19915515 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998346 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998345&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915516%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rana SA, Mallet PE, Robertson BA, Wainwright PE Previous research has demonstrated that rats reared in isolation from their dam and littermates show altered behavioral responsiveness to both natural and drug-mediated rewards. The present study examined the effects of complete maternal deprivation through the use of artificial rearing on neural activation following acute morphine exposure in adulthood. Male rats were either artificially reared (AR) or maternally reared (MR) from postnatal day 5 to 21. In adulthood (4-month old), rats received a single injection of morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) or equivolume saline 2 h prior to perfusion and brain extraction. Neural activation was quantified using Fos immunohistochemistry. Analyses of several brain regions revealed a consistent pa... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998345 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998344&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915517%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, Bartter syndrome can be prenatally suspected on amniotic fluid biochemistry (sensitivity 93% and specificity 100%) allowing appropriate management before and after birth. PMID: 19915517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998344 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998343&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915518%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Courtney-Martin G, Moore AM, Ball RO, Pencharz PB Controversy exists as to whether the parenterally (PN) fed human neonate is capable of synthesizing adequate cysteine from methionine if the total dietary requirement for sulphur amino acid (SAA) is provided as methionine only. The goal of this study was to gather data on whether glutathione (GSH) synthesis is maximized at a methionine intake previously shown to be adequate for protein synthesis in the PN-fed human neonate. We measured GSH concentration, fractional and absolute synthesis rate in 5 PN-fed human neonates. Each neonate underwent two isotope infusion studies of 7 h duration after a 2-d adaptation to the total SAA requirement (methionine only) and again after a further 2-d adaptation to the same methionine intake su... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998343 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998342&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915519%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu T, Qin S, Ye J, Qiu W, Han L, Zhang Y, Gu X The absence of a comprehensive analysis for Phenylketonuria (PKU) mutations in the Chinese Han population has resulted in continued studies over the past 18 years to elucidate the mutational spectrum in patients from virtually all Chinese regions. Our study systematically investigated 13 exons and their surrounding introns of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in 212 unrelated patients using PCR and direct sequencing. A total of 79 different mutations were identified in 405 out of 424 mutant PAH alleles including 15 novel ones. Eight mutations, R243Q, Ex6-96A>G, IVS4-1G>A, R413P, Y356X, R111X, R241C and V399V'with a relative frequency of 3% or more, accounted for two-thirds of the identified ones. The data presented i... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998342 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998341&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koncsos P, Seres I, Harangi M, Illyés I, Józsa L, Gönczi F, Bajnok L, Paragh G Childhood obesity is a predisposing factor for adult cardiovascular diseases. Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) may protect against atherosclerosis by hydrolyzing lipid peroxides in oxidized LDL. Alterations and potential correlations of PON1 activities, leptin and adiponectin levels in childhood obesity were studied. We measured PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, anthropometric parameters, leptin and adiponectin levels in 59 white, obese (obese group-OB: BMI corrected for age: 95.1+/-3.5 percentile, age: 11.9+/-1.6 years) and 51 normal-weight children (control group-C: BMI corrected for age: 64.1+/-8.4 percentile, age: 12.0+/-3.9 years). Obese children had significantly lower... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998341 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922464&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19851224 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922464 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 14:02:12 +0100 2922464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922463&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851225%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, no effect on brain growth, measured at term equivalent age, was shown after treatment with hydrocortisone for CLD. ABBREVIATIONS:: PMID: 19851225 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922463 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 14:02:09 +0100 2922463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922462&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aldámiz-Echevarría L, Prieto JA, Andrade F, Elorz J, Sojo A, Lage S, Sanjurjo P, Vázquez C, Rodríguez-Soriano J To study the evolution of plasma fatty acid composition of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in relation to nutritional status, pancreatic function, and development of CF-related liver disease (CFRLD) and diabetes mellitus, 24 CF pediatric patients with stable pulmonary disease were studied before and after an approximate period of 8 y. Nutritional status, pulmonary function, pancreatic function, and presence of CFRLD or diabetes mellitus were recorded. Results were compared with data obtained in 83 healthy children. Patients with CF have significantly lower linoleic acid (LA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lignoceric acid, and LA x DHA product and... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922462 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 14:02:07 +0100 2922462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922461&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19851227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fuentes-Afflick E PMID: 19851227 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922461 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 14:02:05 +0100 2922461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2891833&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19823102%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Gestational protein restriction resulted in lower birthweight associated with significant gene expression changes, which was different in liver and muscle of offspring. However, a major part of the birthweight decrease and the expression changes were prevented by maternal taurine supplementation, implying taurine is a key component in metabolic fetal programming. PMID: 19823102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2891833 Thu, 08 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2891833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876559&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Schoor SR, Schierbeek H, Bet PM, Vermeulen MJ, Lafeber HN, van Goudoever JB, van Elburg RM Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid for very-low-birth weight infants by virtue of its ability to play an important role in several key metabolic processes of immune cells and enterocytes. Although glutamine is known to be utilized to a great extend, the exact splanchnic metabolism in enterally fed preterm infants is unknown. We hypothesized that preterm infants show a high splanchnic first-pass glutamine metabolism and the primary metabolic fate of glutamine is oxidation. Five preterm infants (mean +/- SD birth weight 1.07 kg +/- 0.22, gestational age 29 wk +/- 2) were studied by dual tracer ([U-C]glutamine and [N2]glutamine) cross-over techniques on two study days... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876559 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876558&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simpson CM, Smolich JJ, Shekerdemian LS, Penny DJ Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) disrupts perinatal decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and is the commonest cause of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. The contribution of the potent vasoactive agent urotensin-II (U-II), in the pathophysiology of this condition, is unknown. In a new perinatal model of MAS, we combined measurement of circulating U-II levels with U-II receptor blockade studies. Nineteen anesthetised lambs were instrumented then randomly allocated to the following groups: 1) control (n=5), 2) control plus specific U-II receptor blockade with palosuran (n=5), 3) tracheal instillation of meconium (n=5), 4) meconium instillation plus palosuran (n=4). Hemodynamics, PVR and plasma U-II were measured for 6... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876558 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876557&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mogami H, Yura S, Tatsumi K, Fujii T, Fujita K, Kakui K, Kondoh E, Inoue T, Fujii S, Yodoi J, Konishi I Glucose is a major fuel for fetal development. Fetal blood glucose level is mainly dependent on maternal blood glucose concentration, though it is also regulated by fetal insulin level. Thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is identical to vitamin D3 up-regulated protein (VDUP1) and thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip), was recently reported to be a key transcriptional factor controlling glucose metabolism. Here, we elucidated the functions of TBP-2 in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during the fetal period. TBP-2 female mice were mated with TBP-2 male mice; beginning 16.5 days post coitum, pregnant mice were fed or fasted for 24 h. Under conditions of matern... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876557 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876556&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonilla SF, Melin-Aldana H, Whitington PF Renal tubular dysgenesis has been reported in isolated cases of Neonatal Hemochromatosis (NH). We hypothesized that fetal liver injury in NH impairs proximal renal tubular development via impaired hepatic angiotensinogen elaboration. Morphometric analyses were performed of post-mortem liver and kidney sections of cases of proven NH and post-conception age matched controls for renal proximal tubule density, hepatocyte mass and hepatic angiotensinogen expression. Proximal tubule density was markedly reduced in NH cases though they showed a spectrum from mild to severe paucity. Hepatic angiotensinogen expression was markedly reduced in NH cases and correlated closely with reduced hepatocyte mass. A linear relationship was established betw... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876556 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876555&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rogers LK, Tipple TE, Britt RD, Welty SE Prematurely born infants are often treated with supraphysiologic amounts of oxygen, which is associated with lung injury and the development of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Complimentary responses between the lung and liver during the course of hyperoxic lung injury have been studied in adult animals, but little is known about this relationship in neonates. These studies tested the hypothesis that oxidant stress occurs in the livers of newborn mice in response to continuous hyperoxia exposure. Greater levels of glutathione disulfide and nitrotyrosine were detected in lung tissues but not liver tissues from newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia than in room air-exposed controls. However, early increases in 5-lipoxygenase and ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876555 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876554&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toyoshima K, Momma K, Nakanishi T Furosemide increases prostaglandin production and may be associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We aimed to clarify the in vivo ductus-dilating effects of furosemide in neonatal rats. Near-term rat pups delivered via a cesarean section were housed at 33 degrees C. After rapid whole-body freezing, the DA diameter was measured using a microscope and a micrometer. Pregnant rats (gestational day 21) were subcutaneously injected with furosemide 4 h before delivery, and the neonatal DA was examined 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after birth. Furosemide was also subcutaneously injected into 60-min-old rats and the DA diameter was examined 30, 60, and 120 min later. The control rats showed rapid postnatal DA constriction (diameter: 0.80 and 0.08 ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876554 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876553&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809379%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen F, Ellis E, Strom SC, Shneider BL The exact molecular mechanism(s) of the disease that results from defects in the ATPase Class I Type 8B Member 1 gene remains controversial. Prior investigations of human ileum and in intestinal and ovarian cell lines have suggested that Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis 1 (FIC1) activates the Farnesoid X-Receptor (FXR) via a pathway involving Protein Kinase C zeta (PKCzeta). Translational investigations of human liver from individuals with FIC1 disease have been confounded by secondary affects of progressive cholestatic liver disease and limited numbers of samples for analysis. These studies, performed in primarily derived human hepatocytes, circumvent this issue. The canalicular bile salt export pump (BSEP) served as a downstream target... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876553 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876552&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809380%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sá-Couto CD, Andriessen P, van Meurs WL, Ayres-de-Campos D, Sá-Couto PM Birth is characterized by swift and complex transitions in hemodynamic and respiratory variables. Unrecognized pathologies or incidents may quickly become fatal or cause permanent damage. This paper introduces an essential component of an acute perinatal care simulator, namely a model for educational simulation of normal hemodynamic transitions seen during and shortly after birth. We explicitly formulate educational objectives and adapt a pre-existing model for the simulation of neonatal cardiovascular physiology to include essential aspects of fetal hemodynamics. From the scientific literature, we obtain model parameters that characterize these aspects quantitatively. The fetal model is controll... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876552 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876551&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19809381%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was embedded within the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort in Rotterdam. In 2,965 fetuses, growth parameters were measured in mid- and late pregnancy. After birth, at age 9 to 15 weeks, neuromotor development was assessed with an adapted version of Touwen's Neurodevelopmental Examination. Less optimal neuromotor development was defined as a score in the highest tertile. We found that higher fetal weight was beneficial to infant neurodevelopment. A fetus with a one standard deviation (SD) score higher weight in mid-pregnancy had an 11% lower risk of less optimal neuromotor development (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.82-0.97). Similarly, a fetus with a 1-SD score larger abdominal-to-head circumference (AC/HC) ratio had a 13% lower risk of less optimal neuromotor development (OR 0.87,... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876551 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2876551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2828614&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19770690%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wellmann S, Truss M, Bruder E, Tornillo L, Zelmer A, Seeger K, Bührer C Hypoxia and other adverse conditions are commonly encountered by rapidly growing cells. The RNA-binding protein RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3), which is transcriptionally induced by low temperature and hypoxia, has recently been implicated in survival of colon cancer cells by mechanisms involving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signalling. Immunohistochemically, we found strong RBM3 expression in a variety of malignant and proliferating tissues but low expression in resting and terminally differentiated cells. RBM3 expression in fibroblasts and human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells subjected to serum deprivation or contact inhibition closely paralleled proliferation rates, assessed by real-time RT-PCR an... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2828614 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2828614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2828613&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19770691%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, substantial alterations in BALF growth factor levels are present in infants developing BPD. An early imbalance in pulmonary growth factors may contribute to the developmental arrest of the lung seen in BPD. PMID: 19770691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2828613 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2828613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2801560&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19755931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parker J, Sarlang S, Thavagnanam S, Williamson G, Oʼdonoghue D, Villenave R, Power U, Shields M, Heaney L, Skibinski G There is a need for re-producible and effective models of pediatric bronchial epithelium to study disease states such as asthma. We aimed to develop, characterize, and differentiate an effective, efficient, and reliable three-dimensional model of pediatric bronchial epithelium in order to test the hypothesis that children with asthma differ in their epithelial morphological phenotype when compared to non-asthmatic children. Primary cell cultures from both asthmatic and non-asthmatic children were grown and differentiated at the air-liquid interface for 28 days. Tight junction formation, MUC5AC secretion, IL-8, IL-6, and prostaglandin E-2 production, and ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2801560 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2801560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2801559&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19755932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dellacaʼ RL, Ventura ML, Zannin E, Natile M, Pedotti A, Tagliabue P The study of respiratory mechanics in infants requires a non-invasive accurate measurement of the lung volume changes (deltaVL). Optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) allows the assessment of deltaVL through the measurement of the chest wall surface motion and it has been proved to be accurate in adults. The aim of this study was to apply OEP to newborns and to validate it by comparison to pneumotachography. Twenty term and preterm newborns (GA=34+/-5 weeks) in stable condition were studied during 1-2 minute periods of quiet breathing in supine position. Airway opening flow was measured by applying a facemask connected to a pneumotachograph and integrated to provide the deltaVL. Chest wall volume changes ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2801559 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2801559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2801558&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19755933%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Natarajan G, Shankaran S, McDonald SA, Das A, Stoll BJ, Higgins RD, Thorsen P, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Carlo WA, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and chemokines appear to be induced by hyperoxia in preclinical studies. We hypothesized that O2 exposure immediately after birth is associated with altered blood spot MMP 9 and beta chemokine concentrations. The following analytes were measured on blood spots on days 1 and 3 of life, using luminex technology in 1059 infants (birth weights < 1000 grams) in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network: MMP 9, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP 1alpha and beta), and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES). Infants administered O2 continually from 6 to 24 hours... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2801558 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2801558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790478&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19745780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leviton A, Allred EN, Kuban KC, Hecht JL, Onderdonk AB, Oʼshea TM, Paneth N Inflammatory phenomena appear to contribute to the occurrence of perinatal cerebral white matter damage and cerebral palsy (CP). The stimulus that initiates the inflammation remains obscure. 1246 infants born before the 28 post-menstrual week had a protocol ultrasound scan of the brain read concordantly by two independent sonologists. 899 of the children had a neurologic examination at approximately 24 months post term equivalent. The placenta of each child had been biopsied under sterile conditions, and later cultured. Histologic slides of the placenta were examined specifically for this study. Recovery of a single microorganism predicted an echolucent lesion, whereas polymicrobial cultures and ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790478 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790477&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19745781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JA, Kim BI, Jo HC, Choi CW, Kim EK, Kim HS, Yoon KS, Choi JH Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) remains a major cause of neurologic disabilities. However, many experimental therapies have shown limited successes. We assessed whether human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be transplanted in the HIE rat brain to improve neurologic disabilities. P7 SD rats were either subjected to left carotid artery ligation and hypoxic exposure (HI) or sham operation and normoxic exposure (sham). On P10, rat pubs received either PKH26-labelled MSCs or buffer via intracardial injection, resulting in four experimental groups: sham-buffer, sham-MSC, HI-buffer and HI-MSC. Cylinder test and accelerating rotarod test were performed 14, 20, 30 and 40 days after injection. Six weeks af... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790477 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790476&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19745782%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, electrographic seizures were more likely to occur in the sicker and more premature infants with abnormal outcomes. Seizures detected on continuous aEEG monitoring with the raw EEG were associated with poor outcome. PMID: 19745782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790476 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790475&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19745783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar VH, Patel A, Swartz DD, Wang H, Wynn KA, Nielsen LC, Ryan RM The optimal oxygen concentration for the resuscitation of term infants remains controversial. We studied the effects of 21% vs. 100% oxygen immediately after birth, and also exposure for 24 hours to 100% oxygen, on oxidant lung injury and lung antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities in term newborn lambs. Lambs at 139d gestation were delivered and ventilated with 21% (RAR) or 100% oxygen (OXR) for 30 min. A third group of newborn lambs were ventilated with 100% O2 for 24h (OX24). Oxidized glutathione levels in whole blood were significantly different among the groups with lower values in the RAR group, and these values correlated highly with PaO2. The reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio was significantly differen... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790475 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790474&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19745784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jia J, Cai Y, Wang R, Fu K, Zhao YF Our previous study demonstrated that allograft infammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is present in the vessels of infantile hemangiomas, but neither in the vessels of vascular malformations, pyogenic granulomas, normal skin, placental tissues, nor in the neo-vessels of squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue. The purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of AIF-1 alterations on endothelial cells. Stable introduction of AIF-1 to the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUV-EC-C) in vitro revealed that AIF-1 enhances the proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and promoted G0/G1-to-S-phase transition, accompanied by up-regulation of bFGF (P<0.05). By contrast, AIF-1 did not affect the expression of G-CSF, VEGF-a, MCP-... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790474 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2790473&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19745785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Vries WB, Vd Borne P, Goldschmeding R, de Weger RA, Bal MP, van Bel F, van Oosterhout MF Recently, concern has been raised that corticosteroid treatment of preterm neonates might be associated with adverse effects later in life, including early development of hypertension. Here, we investigate the impact of neonatal dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on early renal cell proliferation and nephron number. We analyzed mitotic activity in renal cortex of rat pups neonatally treated with Dex. Nephron number was measured and possible renal damage was quantified by counting inflammatory foci, ED-1 positive cells (macrophages), and the desmin score (activated podocytes). Mitotic activity was 34% and 29% lower on day 2 and 4 in Dex-treated rats as compared to saline (Sal)-treated control... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2790473 Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2790473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2769312&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19730156%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Emons J, Chagin AS, Hultenby K, Zhivotovsky B, Wit JM, Karperien M, Sävendahl L By the end of puberty, growth ceases and epiphyseal fusion occurs through mechanisms not yet completely understood. Human growth plate tissues were collected in various pubertal stages including a unique late pubertal growth plate, which was about to fuse. Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling) staining, immunolocalization of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and electron microscopy. Morphological analyses of the fusing growth plate revealed disorganized, large chondrocytes surrounded by a border of dense, cortical-like bone. In the unfused growth plates, few chondrocytes were TUNEL-positive. In contrast, the fusing grow... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2769312 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2769312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2769311&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19730157%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion: leptin accelerated enterocyte turnover and stimulated intestinal adaptation. The effect of leptin on enterocyte proliferation and enterocyte apoptosis correlated with receptor expression along the villus-crypt axis. PMID: 19730157 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2769311 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2769311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2769310&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19730158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsopmo A, Diehl-Jones BW, Aluko RE, Kitts DD, Elisia I, Friel JK Bioactive factors in human milk (HM) are crucial to the health of newborns, especially preterm infants. These compounds assist in reducing the oxidative stress that may occur as a result of combined exposure to supplemental oxygen and immature physiological defenses. To identify the components in HM that contribute to its greater resistance to oxidative stress compared to infant formulae, enzymatic hydrolysates of HM were prepared, ultra filtered, separated, and analyzed for antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity (muM Trolox equivalent (TE/g)) of non-digested milk, whole digested milk and the derived ultra filtrates were 80.4 +/- 13.3, 159.0 +/- 5.6, and 127.4 +/- 3.1 respectively. An HPLC fraction denot... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2769310 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2769310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2769309&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19730159%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was set out to develop and describe a novel, simple, and safe method for routine bedside testing of somatosensory system in very early preterm infants. We recorded EEG activity after tactile stimulation of hand (palm) and foot (sole) by a soft hairbrush stimulator in very low birth weight infants (n=10, GA 24-28, recording at CA 30-32 weeks), and compared the raw EEG responses to those seen by one- or two-channel brain monitors. In every subject, single tactile stimuli produced prominent (100-350 muV) somatosensory evoked responses (SER) that were readily identified in the ongoing EEG signal. The maximal SER was in the contralateral hemisphere at around the corresponding somatosensory representation areas. Conventional EEG filtering did significantly reduce the SERs, but they co... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2769309 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2769309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2769308&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19730160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drake KA, Sauerbry MJ, Blohowiak SE, Repyak KS, Kling PJ Iron is essential for fetal organ development, but the effect of isolated iron deficiency on nephrogenesis is unknown. Human premature infants are at-risk for disrupted nephrogenesis because glomerular development is incomplete until 36 weeks gestation. We modeled the effects of iron on postnatal glomerulogenesis in 4 groups of immature rats from P4-P12: dam fed controls (DF), dam fed with sham gastrostomy surgery (DF+SS), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), fed iron-deficient formula through gastrostomy apart from the dam, and IDA plus simultaneous enteral iron rescue (IDA+Fe). Hematocrit, plasma ferritin, and body and kidney tissue iron contents were measured. Tissue was examined. Rats grew similarly, but IDA rats exhibited ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2769308 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2769308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738678&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19707174%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu G, Vellucci VF, Kyc S, Hostetter MK By inhibiting the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate, statins impair cholesterol metabolism in humans. We reasoned that statins might similarly interfere with the biosynthesis of ergosterol, the major sterol of the yeast cell membrane. As assessed by spectrophotometric and microscopic analysis, significant inhibition of biofilm production was noted after 16 hours' incubation with 1, 2.5, and 5 muM simvastatin, concentrations that did not affect growth, adhesion, or hyphal formation by C. albicans in vitro. Higher concentrations (10, 20, and 25 muM simvastatin) inhibited biofilm by >90% but also impaired growth. Addition of exogenous ergosterol (90 muM) overcame the effects of 1 and 2.5 muM simv... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738678 Fri, 21 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738677&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19707175%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Broadbelt KG, Barger MA, Paterson DS, Holm IA, Haas EA, Krous HF, Kinney HC, Markianos K, Beggs AH An important subset of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is associated with multiple serotonergic (5-HT) abnormalities in regions of the medulla oblongata. The mouse ortholog of the fifth Ewing variant gene (FEV) is critical for 5-HT neuronal development. A putatively rare intronic variant [IVS2-191_190insA, here referred to as c.128-(191_192)dupA] has been reported as a SIDS-associated mutation in an African-American population. We tested this association in an independent dataset: 137 autopsied cases (78 SIDS, 59 controls) and an additional 296 control DNA samples from Coriell Cell Repositories. In addition to the c.128-(191_192)dupA variant, we observed an associated sin... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738677 Fri, 21 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738676&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19707176%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, PDE3 expression and activity in PA dramatically increase after birth, with a concomitant decrease in steady-state cAMP. Ventilation with either 21% O2 or 100% O2 blunts this PDE3 increase, whereas iNO restores PDE3 activity to levels equivalent to 1dSB lambs. The vasodilatory effects of milrinone were most pronounced in vessels from lambs with the highest PDE3 activity, i.e. 1dSB and 100% O2+iNO lambs. Thus, milrinone may be most beneficial when used in conjunction with iNO. PMID: 19707176 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738676 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2738675&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19707177%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Mol AC, Gerrits LC, van Heijst AF, Menssen J, van der Staak FH, Liem KD To determine the effects of bladderbox alarms during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO) on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics six lambs were prospectively treated with va-ECMO and bladderbox alarms were simulated. Changes in concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (deltacO2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (deltacHHb) and total hemoglobin (deltactHb) were measured using near infrared spectrophotometry. Fluctuations in hemoglobin oxygenation index (deltaHbD) and cerebral blood volume (deltaCBV) were calculated. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood flow in the left carotid artery (Qcar) and central venous pressure (CVP) were registered. Bladderbox alarms were simulated by increasing... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2738675 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2738675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716993&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19690510%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Häusler M, Schäfer C, Osterwinter C, Jahnen-Dechent W Fetuin-A prevents tissue calcification by forming soluble complexes with calcium and phosphate. A pathological depletion of serum fetuin-A has been observed in children on dialysis or after renal transplantation but knowledge on physiological age-related changes in serum fetuin-A is limited. We prospectively evaluated serum fetuin-A in 133 infants and children, ranging from very low birth weight infants to adolescents. Highest serum fetuin-A levels were present between 23 and 30 weeks of gestation (1 +/- 0.33 mg/ml). Thereafter the values decreased. This decrease was linked to biological rather than chronological age. At 32 to 36 and 37 to 40 weeks of gestation the serum fetuin-A concentration was 0.63 +/- 0.26 an... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716993 Sat, 15 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716992&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19690511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slusarski JD, McPherson RJ, Wallace GN, Juul SE Preterm infants are at high risk of brain injury, and high-dose recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo) may be therapeutic. However, the effect of rEpo on the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is unknown. We hypothesized that 1) rEpo would cross the blood-eye barrier, and 2) Early rEpo would modulate ROP in a rat model. Epo concentrations were measured by ELISA from plasma and homogenized eye tissue at timed intervals after rEpo injection. Flat-mounted retinae were prepared from rats given rEpo (0, 5,000 or 30,000 U/kg i.p. qd x3) on postnatal days (P) 1-3 that were raised in room air (RA), or cyclic oxygen exposure (COE) with O2 cycling every 24 h between 50% and 10% for 14 d. Photomicrographs of fluorescein- or ADPase-s... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716992 Sat, 15 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716991&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19690512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulzke SM, Polglase GR, Sozo F, Pillow JJ Biphasic positive airway pressure (BiLevel) ventilation allows utilization of two alternating positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) whilst permitting unrestricted spontaneous breathing with superimposed synchronized pressure support. We aimed to compare whether BiLevel vs. Assist-Control (A-C) ventilation provides effective gas exchange and reduces severity of early lung injury in preterm lambs. Preterm lambs delivered at 134 d (term = 150 d) were quasi-randomized to BiLevel (PEEP low/high 5/20 cmH2O) or A-C5 (PEEP 5 cmH2O) ventilation. Ventilation parameters and arterial blood gases were recorded at regular intervals. Post-mortem measurements included pressure-volume relationship, lung inflammatory score, wet/dry body weight rati... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716991 Sat, 15 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716990&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19690513%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes the neurobehavioral functioning of neonates prenatally exposed to methadone using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) and explores the relationships between maternal factors and infant functioning. The relationship between NNNS measures, NAS severity and need for pharmacotherapy for NAS were also evaluated. Infants who required pharmacological treatment for NAS showed more dysregulated behavior and signs of stress/abstinence as indicated by NNNS scores, but NNNS scores were not significantly correlated with maternal methadone dose. The determination of the range of the methadone exposed infant's neurobehavioral repertoire could guide the optimal treatment of all such infants, particularly those requiring only non-pharmacological care. PMID: 19690513 [PubM... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716990 Sat, 15 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2717001&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SI, Valim C, Johnston P, Le HD, Meisel J, Arsenault DA, Gura KM, Puder M Parenteral nutrition is known to cause liver injury in babies. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different lipid emulsions on parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in infants. In addition, there may be a relationship between the lipid emulsion and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, triglyceride levels may correlate with direct bilirubin and albumin, as markers of liver impairment and nutritional status. Patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis who were treated with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion (n=18) were prospectively followed for triglyceride, direct bilirubin, and albumin levels and compared to patients who were maintained on a soy-based lipid emulsion ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2717001 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2717001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2717000&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687774%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rumball CW, Bloomfield FH, Oliver MH, Harding JE Periconceptional undernutrition alters fetal growth and development. However, there are no data on separate effects of undernutrition before and after conception, and few on underlying mechanisms. We determined the effects of mild periconceptional undernutrition on late gestation fetal growth, glucose-insulin axis, and maternal and fetal HPAA. Ewes were undernourished for 60 d before conception, 30 d after, or both, compared to well-nourished controls. Undernutrition before conception resulted in smaller, slower-growing fetuses with relatively larger placenta. Ewes that gained weight before, but lost weight after mating, or vice-versa, had the smallest fetuses. Fetuses of ewes undernourished only before conception grew more slow... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2717000 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2717000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716999&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levit O, Jiang Y, Bizzarro MJ, Hussain N, Buhimschi CS, Gruen JR, Zhang H, Bhandari V Previous studies to identify a genetic component to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) have shown conflicting results. Our objectives were to evaluate and quantify the genetic contribution to RDS using data that comprehensively includes known environmental factors in a large sample of premature twins. Data from a retrospective chart review of twins born at </=32 weeks gestational age were obtained from 2 neonatal units. Mixed effects logistic regression (MELR) analysis was used to assess the influence of several independent covariates on RDS. A zygosity analysis, including the effects of additive genetic and common and residual environmental (ACE) factors, was performed to estimate the ge... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716999 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716998&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rao R, Sperr D, Ennis K, Tran P Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) overactivation plays a significant role in hypoglycemia-induced brain injury in adult rats. To determine the influence of postnatal age on PARP-1 activation, developing and adult male rats were subjected to acute hypoglycemia of equivalent severity and duration. The expression of PARP-1 and its downstream effectors, apoptosis inducing factor (Aifm1), caspase 3 (Casp3), NF-kappaB (Nfkb1) and bcl-2 (Bcl2), and cellular poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer expression was assessed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and hypothalamus at 0 h and 24 h post-hypoglycemia. Compared with the control group, PARP-1 expression increased in the cerebral cortex of adult rats 24 h post-hypoglycemia, but not at 0 h, and ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716998 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716997&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687777%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective is to test the feasibility and efficacy of the LAD in juvenile piglets with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension was acutely induced by hypoxia in six 3 - 4 week old acutely instrumented and intubated piglets. The LAD was attached between a carotid artery and jugular vein. Gas exchange and hemodynamic variables including pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output were measured. Successful LAD cannulation was achieved without complications in all animals. Extracorporeal shunt flow through the device averaged 18% of cardiac output. The LAD achieved oxygen delivery of 20% of total oxygen consumption. Pulmonary arterial pressure was reduced by 35% from 28+/-5 to 18+/-4 mm Hg (p<0.05) and systemic PaO2 increased by 33% from 27+/-2 to 36+/-4 mm Hg (... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716997 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716996&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687778%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trivedi R, Agarwal S, Rathore RK, Saksena S, Tripathi RP, Malik GK, Pandey CM, Gupta RK Region of interest based morphometric diffusion tensor imaging analysis, has been used extensively for the assessment of age-related changes in human brain, is limited to 2 dimensions (D) and does not reflect the whole fiber bundle; however DT tractography (DTT) offers an overall view of individual fiber bundle in 3D spaces. Quantitative DTT was performed on 51 healthy subjects of pediatric age-range and young adults to compare age-related fractional anisotropy (FA) changes in corpus callosum (CC), sensory and motor pathways, limbic tracts [cingulum (CNG) and fornix (Fx)], and superior (SLF) and inferior (ILF) longitudinal fascicules. In CC, ILF, limbic tracts (CNG and Fx), sensory pathways... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716996 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716995&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El-Ferzli GT, Philips JB, Bulger A, Ambalavanan N Respiratory failure is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in newborn infants. The lung assist device (LAD) is a novel gas exchange device that supplements mechanical ventilation. To test the effect of the LAD on pulmonary histopathology in juvenile piglets with acute lung injury caused by saline lung lavage (SLL) followed by intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). 3-4 week old piglets were randomized to either no intervention (control group), SLL alone (SLL group), SLL + IMV (IMV group), or SLL+IMV+LAD (LAD group) (n=6/group). The carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated and an arteriovenous circuit completed, and the LAD was inserted into this circuit. Gas exchange via the LAD was initiated by passage of 1... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716995 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2716994&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19687780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loeliger M, Inder TE, Shields A, Dalitz P, Cain S, Yoder B, Rees SM High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) may improve pulmonary outcome in very preterm infants but the effects on the brain are largely unknown. We hypothesized that early prolonged HFOV compared to low volume positive pressure ventilation (LV-PPV) would not increase the risk of delayed brain growth or injury in a primate model of neonatal chronic lung disease. Baboons were delivered at 127+/-1 days' gestation (dg; term approximately 185dg), ventilated for 22-29 days with either: LV-PPV (n=6) or HFOV (n=5). Gestational controls were delivered at 153dg (n=4). Brains were assessed using quantitative histology. Body, brain and cerebellar weights were lower in both groups of prematurely delivered animals comp... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2716994 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2716994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2704297&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19680165%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lakshminrusimha S, Swartz DD, Gugino SF, Ma CX, Wynn KA, Ryan RM, Russell JA, Steinhorn RH The effect of oxygen concentration on lowering pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during resuscitation in a model of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is not known. PPHN was induced in fetal lambs by ductal ligation 9 d prior to delivery. Following delivery by cesarean section, resuscitation of PPHN lambs with 21%, 50%, or 100% O2 (n=6 each) for 30min produced similar decreases in PVR. Lambs were then ventilated with 50% O2 for 60min and exposed to inhaled NO (iNO-20ppm). Initial resuscitation with 100% O2 significantly impaired the subsequent response to iNO compared to 21% O2 (42+/-9 vs. 22+/-4% decrease from baseline PVR). Finally, each lamb was randomly and seq... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2704297 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2704297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2704296&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19680166%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a reference range for UNGAL in VLBW infants, similar to that in children and adults, has been established. PMID: 19680166 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2704296 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2704296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2704295&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19680167%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion, this study elucidated the molecular mechanism of the effectiveness of IVIG-plus-IVMP combined therapy. PMID: 19680167 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2704295 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2704295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695798&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bueter W, Dammann O, Leviton A Inflammation appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain damage in fetuses/infants born much before term. We raise the possibility that non-inflammatory phenomena induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which, in turn, leads to the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is followed by apoptosis-promoting processes and inflammation. Perhaps by these events, non-inflammatory stimuli lead to perinatal brain damage. PMID: 19668101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695798 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695797&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668102%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vasileiadis GT, Thompson RT, Han VK, Gelman N The pattern of sexual differentiation of the human brain is not well understood, particularly at the early stages of development when intense growth and multiple maturational phenomena overlap and interrelate. A case-control study of twenty preterm males and females matched for age was conducted. Three-dimensional (3D) images were acquired with 3Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The cerebral volume and the cortical folding area, defined as the surface area of the interface between cortical gray and white matter, were compared between males and females. Females had smaller cerebra than males even after removing the influence of overall size differences between subjects. The cortical folding area increased in relation to volume... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695797 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695796&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668103%26dopt%3DAbstract This study addresses DNA base damage and BER in brain, lung, and liver in neonatal mice (P7) after hyperoxic resuscitation. Mice were randomized to 8% oxygen or room air for 60 min in a closed chamber and subsequent reoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 0-90 min. During this treatment, 8-oxoguanine accumulated in liver but not in lung or cerebellum. We observed a linear relation between 8-oxoguanine and reoxygenation time in liver DNA from hypoxic animals (n=28, B=0.011 [.001, .020], p=0.037). BER activity was not significantly changed during resuscitation. Our data suggest that after hypoxia the capacity for immediate repair in liver tissue is inadequate to meet increasing amounts of DNA damage. The duration of supplementary oxygen use during resuscitation should be kept as short as justifia... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695796 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695795&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668104%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is the first to provide longitudinal data of CBF during the first 30 months after birth. PMID: 19668104 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695795 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695794&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668105%26dopt%3DAbstract This study included data from a repository of women's mid-pregnancy serum specimens collected in California from 2003-04. Each woman's specimen was linked with delivery information to determine whether her fetus had CLP or another structural malformation, or was nonmalformed. We identified 89 CLP cases. We randomly selected 409 specimens as controls. Specimens were tested for homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, folate, vitamin B12, pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxic acid, riboflavin, choline, betaine, methionine, methionine sulfoxide, cysteine, cystathionine, arginine, and asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine. We observed three analytes with odds ratios unlikely to be explained by random variation, i.e., elevated CLP risks were observed for low levels and for high levels of pyrid... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695794 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695793&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668106%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we employed RT-PCR using mRNA to investigate for the first time transcript abnormalities caused by deep intronic mutation. Direct sequencing analysis of leukocyte DNA identified one base insertion in exon 6 (c.818_819insG), but no mutation was detected in another allele. We analyzed RNA extracted from leukocytes and urine sediments and detected unknown sequence containing 238bp between exons 13 and 14. The genomic DNA analysis of intron 13 revealed a single-base substitution (c.1670-191C>T) that creates a new donor splice site within the intron resulting in the inclusion of a novel cryptic exon in mRNA. This is the first report of creation of a splice site by a deep intronic single nucleotide change in GS and the first report to detect the onset mechanism in a GS patient ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695793 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695792&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668107%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, both energy and protein deficiencies may contribute to impairment in peak bone mass acquisition, which may affect skeleton strength and potentially render individuals more susceptible to osteoporosis. PMID: 19668107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695792 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695791&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keating E, Gonçalves P, Costa F, Campos I, Pinho MJ, Azevedo I, Martel F Knowing that Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with altered placental transport we aimed to characterize the placental transport of folic acid (FA), thiamine (THIAM), serotonin (5HT) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) in IUGR. For this, we compared the transport characteristics of H-FA, H-THIAM, H-5HT and H-MPP in primary cultured human cytotrophoblasts isolated from IUGR and normal placentas (GRTB and NTB cells, respectively) and quantified mRNA expression of several placental transporters, by real time RT-PCR. Our results show that GRTB cells take up H-FA more efficiently (higher kin and Amax values) and have higher transport capacity (higher Vmax values) for H-FA, H-5HT, and ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695791 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695790&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668109%26dopt%3DAbstract This study tested the hypothesis that the concurrent administration of Mizoribine (MZR) may improve chronic CsA nephrotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into the following four groups; group 1, control (n=6), group 2, treated with CsA alone (n=5), group 3, treated with CsA and MZR (n=4), group 4, treated with MZR alone (n=6). The anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of MZR were studied by evaluating the concentrations of the inflammatory mediator, OPN, renal function, and histopathology. The interstitial fibrosis was stained blue with Elastica-Massontrichrome and the sections were quantified. The CsA-treated rats showed decreased renal function and increased histological parameters in comparison to the control rats, and also showed significantly increased interstitial fi... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695790 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695789&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668110%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gille C, Steffen F, Lauber K, Keppeler H, Leiber A, Spring B, Poets CF, Orlikowsky TW Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, e.g. neutrophils, by monocytes is essential for resolution of inflammation. Delayed removal leads to secondary necrosis, perpetuating inflammation and tissue destruction. Common histological features in neonatal chronic inflammatory disorders are an accumulation of apoptotic cells in inflamed tissues. We hypothesized that apoptotic cell removal by monocytes is compromised in newborns. PKH-26 labelled autologous or allogeneic apoptotic neutrophils were fed to monocytes of adult donors (PBMO) and cord blood (CBMO) and phagocytic activity was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Relative mRNA-expression levels of 21 surface receptors and bridging m... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695789 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2695788&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19668111%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, AS seem to increase postnatal BP and decrease hypotension in preterm infants when given within 7 days before birth. Conversely, chorioamnionitis did not significantly affect postnatal BP after multivariable adjustment. PMID: 19668111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2695788 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2695788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2623908&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19617810%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19617810 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2623908 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 11:22:08 +0100 2623908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2623907&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19617811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumral A, Ozkan H, Duman N, Yesilirmak DC, Islekel H, Ozalp Y Maternal milk plays an important role in breast milk jaundice (BMJ) development and is the major source of epidermal growth factor (EGF) for neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between EGF levels in the infant serum and in the milk of nursing mothers and BMJ. Two groups were defined: study group (n = 30), newborns who were followed up for BMJ without any identifiable pathologic cause; control group, healthy newborns whose serum total bilirubin levels were <10 mg/dL. Milk and infant plasma samples were collected between the third and the fourth postpartum week. EGF concentrations in all of the samples were determined by using ELISA. The infants with BMJ had higher con... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2623907 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 11:22:05 +0100 2623907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584508&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bulut OP, Dipp S, El-Dahr S Kinins are vasoactive peptides that stimulate two G protein coupled bradykinin receptors (B1R and B2R). B2R-knockout (KO) mice are salt-sensitive and develop renal dysgenesis and hypertension if salt-stressed during embryogenesis. B1R-KO mice, on the other hand, are protected from inflammation and fibrosis. The present study examined the spatiotemporal expression of B1R during renal organogenesis. The segmental nephron identity of B1R immunoreactivity was determined by co-staining with markers of the collecting duct (Dolichos biflorus), proximal tubule (Dolichos tetraglonus), and nephron progenitors (Pax2). At E14.5, the B1R was confined to few cells in the metanephric mesenchyme. Abundance of B1R increased progressively during development. On E17.5... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584508 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584507&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sabirov A, Casey JR, Murphy TF, Pichichero ME Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute otitis media (AOM) in infants. Breast-feeding protects against AOM and/or nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization; however, the mechanism of protection is incompletely understood. Children with AOM and healthy children were studied according to feeding status: breast-fed, breast/formula fed or formula fed. Cumulative episodes of AOM, ELISA titers of serum IgG antibodies to whole-cell NTHi and vaccine candidate outer membrane protein P6, bactericidal titers of serum and NP colonization by NTHi were assessed. A lower incidence of AOM was found in breast versus formula fed children. Levels of specific serum IgG antibody to NTHi and P6 were highest in breast fed, intermediate in breast/fo... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584507 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584506&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581825%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiozzo C, De Langhe S, Carraro G, Al Alam D, Nagy A, Wigfall C, Hajihosseini MK, Warburton D, Minoo P, Bellusci S Patients with Apert Syndrome (AS) display a wide range of congenital malformations including tracheal stenosis, which is a disease characterized by a uniform cartilaginous sleeve in place of a normally ribbed cartilagenous trachea. We have studied the cellular and molecular basis of this phenotype in a mouse model of Apert syndrome (Fgfr2c mice), which shows ectopic expression of Fgfr2b in mesenchymal tissues. Here we report that tracheal stenosis is associated with increased proliferation of mesenchymal cells, where the expression of Fgf10 and its upstream regulators Tbx4 and Tbx5 are abnormally elevated. We show that Fgf10 has a critical inductive role in trachea... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584506 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584505&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leapley AC, Lee CC, Batchelder CA, Yoder MC, Matsell DG, Tarantal AF The renal glomerulus is composed of endothelial and mesangial cells with podocytes contributing to glomerular filtration. Podocyte damage is associated with renal disorders, thus there is interest in these cells for regenerative medicine. These studies investigated the use of extracellular matrix (ECM) to grow third trimester fetal monkey renal cortical cells and to assess mature podocytes in culture. Immunohistochemistry provided a profile of podocyte differentiation with metanephric mesenchyme and developing podocytes nestin positive and synaptopodin negative, whereas mature podocytes were positive for both markers. Primary cell cultures devoid of mature podocytes were established on plastic and renal ECM. ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584505 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584504&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Czank C, Prime D, Hartmann B, Simmer K, Hartmann PE Pasteurizing donor human milk inactivates bacteria that may be of concern to the preterm infant. However, current practice for Holder Pasteurization (62.5 degrees C for 30 minutes) is detrimental to the bioactivity of human milk. An experimental pasteurizer was utilised to determine the maximum temperature at which 90% of secretory IgA, lysozyme, and lactoferrin was retained and if this temperature was capable of inactivating 5 common bacterial contaminants. The retention of these proteins was also compared using either a commercially available bottle immersion or holding chamber system. After pasteurization at 62.5 degrees C for 30 minutes, the retention across all three systems was 72.3 +/- 3.6%, 21.8 +/- 3.3% and 39.4 +/- ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584504 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584503&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581828%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, intrahepatic cholestasis due to inflammation-related down-regulation of basolateral and canalicular hepatobiliary transporters is an early event in the development of biliary atresia. Intrahepatic cholestasis contributes to the development of jaundice and liver injury. PMID: 19581828 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584503 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584502&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581829%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim J, Bhattacharjee R, Dayyat E, Snow AB, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Goldman JL, Li RC, Serpero LD, Clair HB, Gozal D Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the major pathophysiological mechanism underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and recurrent tonsillitis (RI) in children. The increased expression of various mediators of the inflammatory response in tonsils of OSA patients prompted our hypothesis that the enhanced local and systemic inflammation in OSA children would promote tonsillar proliferation. Mixed cell cultures from tonsils recovered during adenotonsillectomy in children with OSA and RI were established, and proliferative rates were assessed. Cells were also cultured to determine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidant protein levels and mRNA expression. Global ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584502 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584501&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581830%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zecic A, Smet JE, De Praeter CM, Vanhaesebrouck P, Viscomi C, Van Den Broecke C, De Paepe B, Lohse P, Martin JJ, Jackson JG, Campbell CR, De Meirleir LJ, Zeviani M, Seneca SH, Lissens W, Van Coster RN A patient is reported who presented in the newborn period with an unusual combination of congenital lactic acidosis and bilateral calcifications in the adrenal medulla, visible on standard abdominal X-ray and ultrasound examination. At birth, the proband was hypotonic and dystrophic. She developed respiratory insufficiency, cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly and died at the age of 38 days. Examination of postmortem heart muscle revealed multiple areas of myocardial infarction with dystrophic calcifications. In the medulla of the adrenal glands foci of necrosis and calcifications, and ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584501 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584500&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar R, Lee K, Macey PM, Woo MA, Harper RM Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is accompanied by reduced ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 and O2, respiratory drive failure during sleep, impaired autonomic, fluid, and food absorption regulation, and affective and cognitive deficits, including memory deficiencies. The deficits likely derive from neural injury, reflected as structural damage and impaired functional brain responses to ventilatory and autonomic challenges. Brain structures playing essential memory roles, including the hippocampus and anterior thalamus, are damaged in CCHS. Other memory formation circuitry, the fornix and mammillary bodies, have not been evaluated. We collected two high-resolution T1-weighted image series from 14 CCHS and 31 control su... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584500 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584499&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581832%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, iloprost stabilised cerebral oxygenation and when followed by iNO had a larger effect on RVP than iNO alone. Although species differences may be relevant, these results suggest that iloprost should be studied in newborn infants for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. PMID: 19581832 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584499 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584498&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581833%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weidlich K, Kroth J, Hiedl CN, Bauer A, Christ F, Genzel-Boroviczeny O In adults with severe sepsis, the disturbances of the sublingual microcirculation can be quantified with Orthogonal Polarization Spectral imaging (OPS). We investigated the cutaneous microcirculation of preterm infants with proven infection (PosInf) and with suspected but unproven infection (NegInf). In 25 infants OPS images were obtained daily, videos of the images were blinded and analyzed off-line. Functional Small Vessel Density (FSVD) was prospectively calculated from day 3 to day 30 of life. There were 17 episodes of proven and 9 episodes of suspected but unproven nosocomial late onset infection. Four infants remained healthy. The data was analyzed for the five days before the start of antibiotics (d ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584498 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584497&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581834%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Linner R, Werner O, Perez-de-Sa V, Cunha-Goncalves D We investigated return of spontaneous circulation and of cerebral oxygenation after asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest, using ventilation with air, throughout, or with 100% oxygen for a shorter or longer period. Arterial pressure, heart rate, regional cerebral oxygen saturation (CrSO2) and brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) were measured in one day old piglets that were hypoventilated with air and left in apnea until cardiac arrest. They were randomly assigned to be resuscitated with air (n=13), or with oxygen for 3 (n=12) or 30 min (n = 13) and then with air. Nine, 10, and 10 animals, respectively, needed closed chest cardiac massage. One, none, and 1, respectively, died. Median (quartile range) times from start of ventilatio... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584497 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584496&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McGowan EC, Kostadinov S, McLean K, Gotsch F, Venturini D, Romero R, Laptook AR, Sharma S Cytokine profiles in amniotic fluid, cord serum, and tracheal aspirate of premature infants suggest a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state. Cytokines also contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We hypothesize that the initiating events for BPD are reflected in the placenta and propose that placental expression of cytokines provide a blueprint of events leading to BPD. This is a retrospective, case controlled study of placental cytokines of premature infants with (n=49) and without (n=49) BPD, matched for gender, birthweight and year of birth at Women and Infants Hospital between 2003 and 2005. Cytokine expression, including IL-6 and IL-10, was determined by i... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584496 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584495&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581836%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lechner E, Wiesinger-Eidenberger G, Wagner O, Weissensteiner M, Schreier-Lechner E, Leibetseder D, Arzt W, Tulzer G This prospective study investigates whether amino terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT- proBNP) levels are elevated in neonates with congenital heart defect (CHD). NT- proBNP levels in the umbilical cord blood of 60 neonates with prenatally diagnosed CHD, in the cord blood of 200 control subjects, and in the plasma of the respective mothers were analyzed using an automated enzyme immuno assay. NT- proBNP concentrations in the cord blood of the CHD group were significantly elevated compared to controls (median; range 158; 378-3631 and 626; 153-2518 pg/ml; p value <0.001). The NT- proBNP concentrations of the newborns and their mothers did neither correlat... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584495 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584494&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581837%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, no effect on brain growth, measured at term equivalent age, was shown following treatment with hydrocortisone for chronic lung disease. PMID: 19581837 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584494 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584493&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581838%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, overcirculation-induced pulmonary hypertension is accompanied by a downregulation of VIP signaling without change in PACAP expression. These results are consistent with the notion that abnormal VIP signaling takes part in PAH pathogenesis. PMID: 19581838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584493 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584492&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kiraly NJ, Tingay DG, Mills JF, Morley CJ, Dargaville PA, Copnell B In newborn infants, closed endotracheal tube (ETT) suction may reduce associated adverse effects, but it is not clear whether ventilation is maintained during the procedure. We aimed to determine the effect of ETT size, catheter size, and suction pressure on ventilation parameters measured distal to the ETT. Suction was performed on a test lung, ventilated with conventional (CMV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) using ETT sizes 2.5-4.0 mm, catheter sizes 5-8 Fr and suction pressures 80-200 mmHg. Tracheal and circuit peak inspiratory pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure, and tracheal tidal volume (VT) were recorded for each suction episode. During both CMV and HFOV, tracheal pressures ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584492 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584491&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581840%26dopt%3DAbstract This study would determine the long-term epileptogenic effect of neonatal isolation (NI) on early-life seizure. There were five groups: normal rearing (NR) rats; NI rats; NR rats suffering from status epilepticus (SE) at P12 (NR-SE); NI-SE rats; NI-SE-MK801 rats. All adult rats were video-monitored to detect behavioral seizures, examined with brain MRI, and assessed for hippocampal NeuN-immunoreactive (NeuN-IR) cells. Behavioral seizures were detected in 1 out of 6 NR-SE rats, all of the NI-SE rats (8/8), and none in the NR, NI or NI-SE-MK801 rats. High hippocampal T2 signal were only found in 3 out of 5 NR-SE rats, 5 out of 6 NI-SE rats, and 1 out of 5 NI-SE-MK801 rats. There was a significant decrease in the number of hippocampal NeuN-IR cells in the NR-SE and NI-SE groups, as compared t... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584491 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584490&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Copnell B, Dargaville PA, Ryan EM, Kiraly NJ, Chin LO, Mills JF, Tingay DG We aimed to identify the effect of suction pressure and catheter size on change in lung volume during open and closed endotracheal suction. Anesthetized piglets (n=12) were intubated with a 4.0mm endotracheal tube. Lung injury was induced with saline lavage. Three suction methods (open, closed in-line and closed with a side-port adaptor) were performed in random order using 6, 7, and 8 French gauge (FG) catheters, at vacuum pressures of 80, 140 and 200 mmHg. Lung volume change was measured with respiratory inductive plethysmography. Overall, open suction resulted in greater lung volume loss during and at 60 seconds post-suction than either closed method (p<0.001). When open and closed methods were an... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584490 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584489&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Braekke K, Ueland PM, Harsem NK, Staff AC Preeclampsia is a leading cause of intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Endothelial dysfunction is the common final pathway leading to clinical signs of preeclampsia, including hypertension and proteinuria. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and induces endothelial dysfunction by reversibly inhibiting nitric oxide production from l-arginine. The purpose of this study was to investigate maternal and fetal concentrations of ADMA, l-arginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Women with preeclampsia (n=47) and controls (n=51) who gave birth by cesarean section were included in the study. We analyzed the maternal plasma, and umbilical vein and artery plasma. We fo... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584489 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584488&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19581843%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hartil K, Vuguin PM, Kruse M, Schmuel E, Fiallo A, Vargas C, Warner MJ, Durand JL, Jelicks LA, Charron MJ Studies were conducted to determine whether maternal substrate utilization during pregnancy affects fetal growth and predisposes offspring to metabolic disease. Female wild type (WT) and glucose transporter 4 heterozygous mice (G4+/-, a model of altered peripheral substrate utilization) were fed high fat (HFD, 36% fat) or control chow (C, 10% fat) for 2 weeks prior to mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation (IU/L). WT HFD females exhibited increased serum NEFA and lactate levels and increased hepatic mRNA expression of PGC1-beta and SREBP-1c consistent with increased lipogenesis. G4+/- HFD females exhibited enhanced lipid clearance and exposure to HFD did not increase h... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584488 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538118&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marlow N, Hay WW PMID: 19542827 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538118 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:46:51 +0100 2538118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538116&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCabe ER PMID: 19542828 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pediatric Research) Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538116 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:46:48 +0100 2538116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538114&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou D, Visk DW, Haddad GG We have previously discovered that the adult Drosophila melanogaster is tolerant to a low O2 environment, withstanding hours of total O2 deprivation without showing any evidence of cell injury. Subsequently, our laboratory embarked on the study of hypoxia tolerance using a mutagenesis and over-expression screens to begin to investigate loss- or gain-of-function phenotypes. Both have given us promising results and, in this paper, we detail some of the interesting results. Furthermore, we have also started several years ago an experimental "darwinian" selection to generate a fly strain that can perpetuate through all of its life cycle stages in hypoxic environments. Through microarrays and bioinformatic analyses, we have obtained genes (e.g., Notch pat... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538114 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538112&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kishnani PS, Corzo D, Leslie ND, Gruskin D, van der Ploeg A, Clancy JP, Parini R, Morin G, Beck M, Bauer MS, Jokic M, Tsai CE, Tsai BW, Morgan C, Oʼmeara T, Richards S, Tsao EC, Mandel H In a previous 52-week trial, treatment with alglucosidase alfa markedly improved cardiomyopathy, ventilatory function, and overall survival among 18 children <7 months old with infantile-onset Pompe disease. Sixteen of the 18 patients enrolled in an extension study, where they continued to receive alglucosidase alfa at either 20 mg/kg biweekly (n=8) or 40 mg/kg biweekly (n=8), for up to a total of 3 years. These children continued to exhibit the benefits of alglucosidase alfa at the age of 36 months. Cox regression analyses showed that over the entire study period, alglucosidase alfa ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538112 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538110&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Myśliwska J, Zorena K, Myśliwiec M, Malinowska E, Raczyńska K, Balcerska A The aim of our study was to determine an association between the -174G>C IL-6 polymorphism (rs1800795) and occurrence of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Two hundred ten children/adolescents with long-standing T1DM (16.5+/-3.8 years old; with diabetes duration of 8.4+/-3.0 years) were enrolled into the study. A group of 170 healthy young (16.9+/-5.2 years old) sex-matched volunteers was qualified as the control. The IL-6 polymorphism was genotyped with the PCR-RFLP method. Serum and urine IL-6 concentrations were measured by the ultra-sensitive ELISA tests. The -174GG genotype was under-represented in the diabetic patients compared to the cont... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538110 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538108&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson BH, Yi M, Masood A, Belcastro R, Li J, Shek S, Kantores C, Jankov RP, Tanswell AK IL-1beta, a proinflammatory cytokine, may contribute to the development of the chronic neonatal lung injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Chronic neonatal lung injury was induced in rats, by exposure to 60% O2 for 14 d from birth, to determine if pulmonary IL-1 expression was up-regulated and, if so, whether a daily s.c. IL-1 receptor antagonist injections would be protective. Exposure to 60% O2 for 14 d caused pulmonary neutrophil and macrophage influx, increased tissue fraction and tyrosine nitration, reduced VEGF-A and angiopoietin-1 expression and reduced small vessel (20-65 mum) and alveolar numbers. Lung IL-1alpha and -1beta contents were increased after a 4-d exposure to 60% O2. IL-... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538108 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538105&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tajima T, Jo W, Fujikura K, Fukushi M, Fujieda K In Sapporo city of Japan, neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism has employed the measurement of free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the filter-paper blood spot. This system has enabled us to identify hyperthyroxinemic diseases. Filter papers were collected from neonatal infants born at 4-6 days of age and neonates who showed elevated free T4 (> 4.0 ng/dl, 4 SD above the mean) were studied. Between January 2000 and December 2006, 83, 232 newborns were screened. Eleven infants demonstrated persistent hyperthyroxinemia. One patient with slightly elevated free T4 and normal TSH was diagnosed as having familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH). The other two patients with elevated free T4 ... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538105 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538103&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Te Pas AB, Siew M, Wallace MJ, Kitchen MJ, Fouras A, Lewis RA, Yagi N, Uesugi K, Donath S, Davis PG, Morley CJ, Hooper SB The effect of inflation length on lung aeration pattern, tidal volumes and functional residual capacity (FRC) immediately after birth was investigated. Preterm rabbits (28 days), randomized into 4 groups, received a 1, 5, 10, or 20 sec inflation (SI) followed by ventilation with 5 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure. Gas volumes were measured by plethysmography and uniformity of lung aeration by phase contrast X-ray imaging for 7 minutes. The first inspiratory volume significantly (p <0.001) increased with inflation duration from a median (IQR) of 0.2 (0.1-3.1) ml/kg for 1 sec inflation to 23.4 (19.3-30.4) ml/kg for 20 sec SI. The lung was uniformly aerated, F... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538103 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538101&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Konduri GG, Bakhutashvili I, Gauthier AE We investigated the hypothesis that oxidative stress in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) impairs voltage gated potassium (Kv) channel function. We induced PPHN in fetal lambs by prenatal ligation of ductus arteriosus; controls had sham ligation. We studied changes in the tone of pulmonary artery rings and Kv channel current of freshly isolated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) using standard techniques. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a Kv channel antagonist, induced dose dependent constriction of control PA rings; this response was attenuated in PPHN pulmonary arteries. Exogenous superoxide and peroxynitrite inhibited the response to 4-AP in control rings. Tiron, a superoxide scavenger, improved the response t... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538101 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538099&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crossley KJ, Morley CJ, Allison BJ, Davis PG, Polglase GR, Wallace MJ, Zahra VA, Hooper SB The lungs of very preterm infants have immature airways and gas exchange structures and are usually surfactant deficient. Antenatal corticosteroids are commonly used to enhance fetal lung maturation in preterm infants, but little is known of their effects on pulmonary blood flow (PBF) before and immediately after birth. Our aim was to determine the effects of antenatal betamethasone on PBF before birth and during the postnatal transition in very preterm lambs. Antenatal betamethasone treatment significantly increased mean fetal PBF from 20.2 +/- 5.1 mL/min to 84.3 +/- 18.3 mL/min at 30 hrs after administration; the PBF waveform was also significantly altered. Mean (+/- SEM) diastolic PBF... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538099 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538097&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542908%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the association of insulin resistance with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 276G>T at adiponectin gene and the plasma long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) profile in obese children. One hundred thirty one normolipidaemic obese children aged 8-13 years (53 girls and 68 boys) entered the study. The prevalence of T allele carriers at SNP276 was 48.8%. Mean [SD] values of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in non carriers vs carriers of T allele were: 12.4 [6.4] vs. 20.6 [6.3] muU/ml (P=0.039) and 2.6 [1.4] vs. 4.5 [1.7] (P=0.032). Mean [SD] values of plasma C18:3n-3, C20:5n-3/C20:4n-6 and n-6/n-3 LCPUFA in phospholipids in non carriers vs carriers of T allele were: 0.10 [0.04] vs. 0.08 [0.03] % (P=0.013),... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538097 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538095&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mayoral SR, Omar G, Penn AA Male sex is a well-established risk factor for poor neurodevelopmental outcome following premature birth. The mechanisms behind this sex-related difference are unknown. The damage associated with prematurity can be mimicked in rodents by prolonged exposure to sublethal postnatal hypoxia. This chronic hypoxia leads to anatomical changes in mice that strongly resemble the loss of volume, decreased myelination and ventriculomegaly seen in preterm newborns. However, no sex differences have been previously noted in this rodent model. We hypothesized that sex comparisons in hypoxic mice would show sex related differences in brain volume and white matter loss in response to the same degree of hypoxic insult. Mice were placed in chronic sublethal hypoxia fr... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538095 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538093&cid=s_36864_33_f&fid=36864&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19542910%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rashmi R, Bode BP, Panesar N, King SB, Rudloff JR, Gartner MR, Koenig JM Neonatal PMN exhibit altered inflammatory responsiveness and greater longevity compared to adult PMN; however, the involved mechanisms are incompletely defined. Receptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains promote apoptosis by activating inhibitory phosphatases, such as Src homology domain 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), that block survival signals. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-9, an immune inhibitory receptor with ITIM domains, has been shown to induce cell death in adult PMN in association with SHP-1. To test our hypothesis that neonatal PMN inflammatory function may be modulated by unique Siglec-9 and SHP-1 interactions, we c... Pediatric Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538093 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538093