MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Physiological Genomics' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 09:43:46 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654703&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F198%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, key genes involved in energy homeostasis and appetite behaviour are differentially expressed due to cow genotype in a tissue-dependent fashion. POMC and GLP1R are potential candidate genes for the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms regulating energetic efficiency in the dairy cow, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654703 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654702&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F183%3Frss%3D1 Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process involving the transcriptional activation and repression of thousands of genes. Although many components of the transcriptional network regulating the later phases of myogenesis have been identified, relatively few studies have described the transcriptional landscape during the first 24 h, when myoblasts commit to differentiate. Through dense temporal profiling of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, we identify 193 transcriptional regulators (TRs) whose expression is significantly altered within the first 24 h of myogenesis. A high-content shRNA screen of 77 TRs involving 427 stable lines identified 42 genes whose knockdown significantly inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Of the TRs that were differentially expressed within the first 24 h, o... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654702 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654701&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F173%3Frss%3D1 CD36 fatty acid translocase plays a key role in supplying heart with its major energy substrate, long-chain fatty acids (FA). Previously, we found that the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) harbors a deletion variant of Cd36 gene that results in reduced transport of long-chain FA into cardiomyocytes and predisposes the SHR to cardiac hypertrophy. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of mutant Cd36 on susceptibility to ischemic ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarction in adult SHR-Cd36 transgenic rats with wild-type Cd36 compared with age-matched SHR controls. Using an open-chest model of coronary artery occlusion, we found that SHR-Cd36 transgenic rats showed profound arrhythmogenesis resulting in significantly increased duration of tachyarrhythmias (207 ± 48 s ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654701 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654700&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F162%3Frss%3D1 Reversible protein O-GlcNAc modification has emerged as an essential intracellular signaling system in several tissues, including cardiovascular pathophysiology related to diabetes and acute ischemic stress. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac O-GlcNAc signaling is altered in chronic cardiac hypertrophy and failure of different etiologies. Global protein O-GlcNAcylation and the main enzymes regulating O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) were measured by immunoblot and/or real-time RT-PCR analyses of left ventricular tissue from aortic stenosis (AS) patients and rat models of hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), and aortic banding (AB), with and without failure. We show here that global O-GlcNAcylation wa... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654700 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654699&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F152%3Frss%3D1 cAMP mediates diverse cellular signals including prostaglandin (PG) E2-mediated intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering activity in human ocular ciliary smooth muscle cells (hCSM). We have identified gene regulatory networks and key genes upon activation of the cAMP pathway in hCSM, using novel agonists highly selective for PGE2 receptor subtypes EP2 or EP4, which are G protein-coupled receptors well known to activate cAMP signaling. Here we describe a novel, EP2/EP4-induced, primate-specific gene of hitherto unknown function, also known as C6orf176 (chromosome 6 open reading frame 176) and recently reclassified as noncoding RNA in NCBI's database. Its expression, as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), is dramatically upregulated (>2,000-fold) subsequent to transduction o... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654699 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654698&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F141%3Frss%3D1 Glucocorticoids are frequently prescribed drugs with important side-effects such as glucose intolerance and tissue remodeling. The goal was to explore the molecular basis of the response of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during a short-term dexamethasone treatment to better understand the induction of side-effects of glucocorticoids on these metabolic tissues. Fifteen healthy male subjects were assigned to a 4-day treatment with dexamethasone at 4 mg/day. The primary outcome measures were changes in gene expression profiling of subcutaneous skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Urinary cortisol, plasma, and metabolic biochemistry were also assessed. In both tissues the prominent observation was a response to stress and increased inflammatory responses. An upregulation of the serum amyloi... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654698 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654697&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F130%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion it is proposed that decreased IGF1 and IGFBP6 expression with a coordinate increase in IGF1R and IGFBP2 as the estrous cycle/early pregnancy progresses, along with other factors, are required to establish a uterine environment that promotes the growth and development of the conceptus prior to implantation. In addition, the increased protein abundance of both IGF2 and IGFBP2 observed in heifers supplemented with P4 contributes to the enhanced conceptus elongation observed in this model. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654697 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654696&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F121%3Frss%3D1 Endogenous glucocorticoids are secreted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to a wide range of stressors. Glucocorticoids exert significant downstream effects, including the regulation of many inflammatory genes. The HPA axis functions such that glucocorticoids are released in a pulsatile manner, producing ultradian rhythms in plasma glucocorticoid levels. It is becoming increasingly evident that this ultradian pulsatility is important in maintaining proper homeostatic regulation and responsiveness to stress. This is particularly interesting from a clinical perspective given that pathological dysfunctions of the HPA axis produce altered ultradian patterns. Modeling this system facilitates the understanding of how glucocorticoid pulsatility arises, how it can be los... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654696 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654695&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F2%2F117%3Frss%3D1 Genetic analysis of polygenic traits in rats and mice has been very useful for finding the approximate chromosomal locations of the genes causing quantitative phenotypic variation, so-called quantitative trait loci (QTL). Further localization of the causative genes and their ultimate identification has, however, proven to be slow and frustrating. A major technique for gene identification in such models utilizes series of congenic strains with progressively smaller chromosomal segments introgressed from one inbred strain into another inbred strain. Under the assumption that a single causative locus underlies a QTL, nested series of congenic strains were earlier suggested as an appropriate configuration for the congenic strains. It is now known that most QTL are compound, that is, the QTL si... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654695 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615660&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F110%3Frss%3D1 Inbred Munich Wistar Frömter [MWF/FubRkb (RGD:724569), MWF] rats develop progressive albuminuria with age that is under polygenetic influence. We previously identified a major albuminuria quantitative trait locus (QTL) on rat chromosome (RNO)8 in MWF. To test the independent role of QTL(s) for albuminuria development on RNO8, we generated a consomic SHR-Chr 8MWF/Rkb (SHR-8MWF) strain by transferring RNO8 from MWF into the albuminuria-resistant background of the spontaneously hypertensive rat [SHR/FubRkb (RGD:631696; SHR)]. Young male MWF, SHR, and SHR-8MWF were sham-operated or unilaterally nephrectomized (Nx) at 6 wk and followed up to 24 wk of age, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in SHR-8MWF Sham compared with SHR Sham (–19.4 mmHg, P = 0.03) at 24... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615660 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615659&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F99%3Frss%3D1 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy primarily of the right ventricle characterized through fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocytes. The genetic etiology in ARVC patients is most commonly caused by dominant inheritance and high genetic heterogeneity. Though histological examinations of ARVC-affected human myocardium reveals fibrolipomatous replacement, the molecular mechanisms leading to loss of cardiomyocytes are largely unknown. We therefore analyzed the transcriptomes of six ARVC hearts and compared our findings to six nonfailing donor hearts (NF). To characterize the ARVC-specific transcriptome, we compared our findings to samples from seven patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The myocardial DCM and ARVC samples were ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615659 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615658&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F89%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, our results suggest that biopsies from the auricula of the right atrium may be suitable for various genetic studies, but not studies directly related to muscle work. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615658 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615657&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F76%3Frss%3D1 A full-term pregnancy early in life reduces lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, and the effect can be mimicked in rodents by full-term pregnancy or short-term treatment with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. To gain insight into the protective mechanism, 15 3-mo-old postpubertal virgin Lewis rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control (C), pregnancy (P), or hormone (H). The P group animals underwent a full-term pregnancy, and H group animals were implanted subcutaneously with silastic capsules filled with ethynyl estradiol and megesterol acetate for 21 days. C and P animals were implanted with sham capsules. On day 21 capsules were removed, which was followed by a 49-day involution period, euthanasia, and mammary tissue collection. Global gene expression was measured usi... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615657 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615656&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F59%3Frss%3D1 Despite a growing number of reports of gene expression analysis from blood-derived RNA sources, there have been few systematic comparisons of various RNA sources in transcriptomic analysis or for biomarker discovery in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a pilot study of the Systems Approach to Biomarker Research (SABRe) in CVD Initiative, this investigation used Affymetrix Exon arrays to characterize gene expression of three blood-derived RNA sources: lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), whole blood using PAXgene tubes (PAX), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Their performance was compared in relation to identifying transcript associations with sex and CVD risk factors, such as age, high-density lipoprotein, and smoking status, and the differential blood cell count. W... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615656 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615655&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F47%3Frss%3D1 This study provides strong evidence that the endometrial gene expression profile may contribute to the inferior reproductive performance of the subfertile dairy cow strain. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615655 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615654&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F35%3Frss%3D1 Although neural tube defects (NTDs) are common in humans, little is known about their multifactorial genetic causes. While most mouse models involve NTDs caused by a single mutated gene, we have previously described a multigenic system involving susceptibility to NTDs. In mice with a mutation in Cecr2, the cranial NTD exencephaly shows strain-specific differences in penetrance, with 74% penetrance in BALB/cCrl and 0% penetrance in FVB/N. Whole genome linkage analysis showed that a region of chromosome 19 was partially responsible for this difference in penetrance. We now reveal by genetic analysis of three subinterval congenic lines that the chromosome 19 region contains more than one modifier gene. Analysis of embryos showed that although a Cecr2 mutation causes wider neural tubes in both... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615654 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615653&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F25%3Frss%3D1 Milking dairy cows four times daily (4x) instead of twice daily (2x) during early lactation stimulates an increase in milk yield that partly persists through late lactation; however, the mechanisms behind this response are unknown. We hypothesized that the acute mammary response to regular milkings would be transient and would involve different genes from those that may be specifically regulated in response to 4x. Nine multiparous cows were assigned at parturition to unilateral frequent milking (UFM; 2x of the left udder half, 4x of the right udder half). Mammary biopsies were obtained from both rear quarters at 5 days in milk (DIM), immediately after 4x glands had been milked (experiment 1, n = 4 cows), or 2.5 h after both udder halves had last been milked (experiment 2, n = 5 cows). Affy... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615653 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615652&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F14%3Frss%3D1 Feeding mice with protease inhibitor (PI) leads to increased endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) release and results in pancreatic growth. This adaptive response requires calcineurin (CN)-NFAT and AKT-mTOR pathways, but the genes involved, the dynamics of their expression, and other regulatory pathways remain unknown. Here, we examined the early (1–8 h) transcriptional program that underlies pancreatic growth. We found 314 upregulated and 219 downregulated genes with diverse temporal and functional profiles. Several new identifications include the following: stress response genes Gdf15 and Txnip, metabolic mediators Pitpnc1 and Hmges2, as well as components of growth factor response Fgf21, Atf3, and Egr1. The genes fell into seven self-organizing clusters, each with a distinct pattern o... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615652 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615651&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F44%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 Inbred strains of mice are strikingly different in susceptibility to obesity-driven diabetes. For instance, deficiency in leptin receptor (db/db) leads to hyperphagia and obesity in both C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice, but only on the DBA/2 background do the mice develop beta-cell loss leading to severe diabetes, while C57BL/6 mice are relatively resistant. To further investigate the genetic factors predisposing to diabetes, we have studied leptin receptor-deficient offspring of an F2 cross between C57BL/6J (db/+) males and DBA/2J females. The results show that the genetics of diabetes susceptibility are enormously complex and a number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to diabetes-related traits were identified, notably on chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 19. The Chr. 4 locus is... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615651 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5615651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510704&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F24%2F1351%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, hypothalamic gene expression profile resembles with some molecular pathways functionally related to the clinical syndromes in the Wolfram syndrome patients. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510704 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510703&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F24%2F1334%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to evaluate physiological parameters and the gene expression profiles of masticatory and limb muscles exposed to factors suggested to trigger AQM, such as mechanical ventilation, immobilization, neuromuscular blocking agents, corticosteroids (CS), and sepsis for 5 days by using a unique porcine model mimicking the ICU conditions. Single muscle fiber cross-sectional area and force-generating capacity, i.e., maximum force normalized to fiber cross-sectional area (specific force), revealed maintained masseter single muscle fiber cross-sectional area and specific-force after 5 days' exposure to all triggering factors. This is in sharp contrast to observations in limb and trunk muscles, showing a dramatic decline in specific force in response to 5 days' exposure to the triggerin... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510703 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510702&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F24%2F1319%3Frss%3D1 We investigated the genome-wide consequences of pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) trichostatin A (TSA) and m-carboxycinnamic acid bis-hydroxamide (CBHA) in the hearts of BALB/c mice eliciting hypertrophy in response to interleukin-18 (IL-18). Both TSA and CBHA profoundly altered cardiac chromatin structure that occurred concomitantly with normalization of IL-18-induced gene expression and amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy. The hearts of mice exposed to IL-18 +/– TSA or CBHA elicited distinct gene expression profiles. Of 184 genes that were differentially regulated by IL-18 and TSA, 33 were regulated in an opposite manner. The hearts of mice treated with IL-18 and/or CBHA elicited 147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), a third of which were oppositely regulated by IL-1... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510702 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481668&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F23%2F1307%3Frss%3D1 Elevated circulating triglycerides, which are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, can be targeted by treatment with fenofibrate or fish oil. To gain insight into underlying mechanisms, we carried out a comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the effect of 2 wk treatment with fenofibrate and fish oil in mice. Plasma triglycerides were significantly decreased by fenofibrate (–49.1%) and fish oil (–21.8%), whereas plasma cholesterol was increased by fenofibrate (+29.9%) and decreased by fish oil (–32.8%). Levels of various phospholipid species were specifically decreased by fish oil, while levels of Krebs cycle intermediates were increased specifically by fenofibrate. Plasma levels of many amino acids were altered by fenofibrate and to a les... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481668 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5481668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481667&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F23%2F1294%3Frss%3D1 Several studies in humans or transgenic animals have reported that the 389 Arg or Gly polymorphic variation of the β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) is associated with differential responses to beta-blocker therapy and/or myocardial disease progression. Analysis of changes in gene expression is an important means of defining molecular differences associated with structural or functional phenotypic variations. To determine if structural and functional myocardial phenotypic differences between β1389 Arg vs. Gly transgenic overexpressors are associated with qualitative and/or quantitative differences in gene expression, a comprehensive analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs expressed in the hearts of 3 and 6–8 mo old β1-Arg389 and β1-Gly389 overexpressor transgenic mice was performe... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481667 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5481667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481666&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F23%2F1281%3Frss%3D1 In the U.S. formula feeding remains more popular than breast-feeding. In the current study, neonatal piglets were breast fed and compared with those fed commercially available milk-based formula (milk) or soy-based formula (soy) from postnatal day 2 (PND2) until death at PND21 (the usual age of weaning). Liver weights were greater in formula-fed piglets (P < 0.05) than in breast-fed piglets (P < 0.05). Affymetrix array analysis revealed significant differences in hepatic gene expression signatures between piglets fed breast milk or formula, as well as between piglets fed milk or soy. In males, expression of 346 hepatic genes differed between formula-fed and breast-fed piglets, and soy-fed differed from milk-fed piglets in 277 genes. Furthermore, gene expression profiles of males diff... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481666 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5481666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5436147&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F22%2F1276%3Frss%3D1 Hybridization often results in dramatic genome reconfigurations including epigenetic changes that control gene expression. Here we survey methylation patterns of interspecific Xenopus F1 hybrids relative to parental species X. laevis and X. muelleri, using methyl-sensitive amplification polymorphisms (MSAPs). Out of a total of 546 MSAP markers, 364 were effective in elucidating the difference in methylation patterns between the hybrids and the parental species. Principal coordinate analysis of methylated fragments revealed four distinct clusters with the two parental species separate from hybrid males and females. On average, hybrids were characterized by a higher proportion (70.6%) of methylated fragments compared with the parental species (64.5%), and this difference was consistent with ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5436147 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5436147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5436146&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F22%2F1263%3Frss%3D1 The hibernator's heart functions continuously and avoids damage across the wide temperature range of winter heterothermy. To define the molecular basis of this phenotype, we quantified proteomic changes in the 13-lined ground squirrel heart among eight distinct physiological states encompassing the hibernator's year. Unsupervised clustering revealed a prominent seasonal separation between the summer homeotherms and winter heterotherms, whereas within-season state separation was limited. Further, animals torpid in the fall were intermediate to summer and winter, consistent with the transitional nature of this phase. A seasonal analysis revealed that the relative abundances of protein spots were mainly winter-increased. The winter-elevated proteins were involved in fatty acid catabolism and ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5436146 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5436146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5436145&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F22%2F1255%3Frss%3D1 Maternal lipoproteins have been studied extensively in human pregnancies, but little is known about the role of fetal lipoproteins. The vascularized human placenta interfaces between the mother and fetus to transfer nutrients for sustaining pregnancy. Unlike that of adults, fetal high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is in contact with placental vessels, is characterized by a high proportion of apolipoprotein E (apoE). We hypothesize this unique composition of fetal HDL affects key functions of the growing fetal tissues. The aim was to identify genes regulated by apoE-HDL by incubating human placental endothelial cells (HPEC) with either fetal HDL or apoE-rich reconstituted HDL particles (apoE-rHDL). HPEC were exposed to 15 μg/ml fetal HDL, 15 μg/ml apoE-rHDL, or medium for 16 h, res... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5436145 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5436145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394492&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F21%2F1241%3Frss%3D1 The bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS), a severe disease that causes major economic losses to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry every year. Little is known about the infective strategy of P. salmonis, which is able to infect, survive within, and replicate inside salmonid macrophages as an intracellular parasite. Similarly there is little knowledge concerning the fish host's response to invasion by this pathogen. We have examined the transcriptional response of postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to P. salmonis at 48 h following infection in three tissues, liver, head kidney, and muscle, using an Atlantic salmon oligonucleotide microarray (Salar_2, Agilent 4x44K). The infection led to a large alteration of transcri... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394492 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5394492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394491&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F21%2F1226%3Frss%3D1 Better understanding alveolarization mechanisms could help improve prevention and treatment of diseases characterized by reduced alveolar number. Although signaling through fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors is essential for alveolarization, involved ligands are unidentified. FGF18, the expression of which peaks coincidentally with alveolar septation, is likely to be involved. Herein, a mouse model with inducible, lung-targeted FGF18 transgene was used to advance the onset of FGF18 expression peak, and genome-wide expression changes were determined by comparison with littermate controls. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm expression changes of selected up- and downregulated genes and to determine their expression profiles in the course of lung postnatal development. This allowed... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394491 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5394491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394490&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F21%2F1219%3Frss%3D1 Essential hypertension is highly prevalent in the elderly population, exceeding 70% in people older than 60 yr of age, and remains a leading risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and chronic renal disease. Elucidation of genetic determinants is critical but remains a challenge due to its complex, multifactorial pathogenesis. We investigated the role DEspR promoter variants, previously associated with male essential hypertension susceptibility, in blood pressure (BP) regulation. We detected a single nucleotide polymorphism within the DEspR 5'-regulatory region associated with increased BP in a male Sardinian cohort accounting for 11.0 mmHg of systolic BP (P < 10–15) and 9.3 mmHg of diastolic BP (P < 10–15). Sequence analysis of three normotensive subjects homozygous for t... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394490 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5394490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394489&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F21%2F1207%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, by integration of genomic sequence, eQTL and QTT datasets we have identified several genes that are strong positional candidates for pathophysiological traits observed in the SHR strain. These findings provide a basis for the functional testing and ultimate elucidation of the molecular basis of these metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394489 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5394489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394488&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F21%2F1198%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to determine the relative RV and LV protein expression levels, with an emphasis on energy metabolism. The RV and LV protein contents of the rabbit and porcine heart were determined with quantitative gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), mass spectrometry, and optical spectroscopy techniques. Surprisingly, the expression levels for more than 600 RV and LV proteins detected were similar. This included proteins many different compartments and metabolic pathways. In addition, no isoelectric shifts were detected in 2D-DIGE consistent with no differential posttranslational modifications in these proteins. Analysis of the RV and LV metabolic response to work revealed that the metabolic rate increases much faster with workload in the RV compared with LV. This implies that ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394488 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5394488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394487&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F21%2F1185%3Frss%3D1 The goal of this study was to identify candidate genes and DNA polymorphisms for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), and protein yield (PY) previously mapped to bovine chromosome 3 (BTA3). To accomplish this, 373 half-siblings sired by three bulls previously shown to be segregating for lactation trait QTL, and 263 additional sires in the U.S. Dairy Bull DNA Repository (DBDR) were genotyped for 2,500 SNPs within a 16.3 Mbp QTL critical region on BTA3. Targeted resequencing of ~1.8 Mbp within the QTL critical region of one of the QTL heterozygous sires identified additional polymorphisms useful for association studies. Twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a fine-mapped region were associated with effects on breeding values for MY, FY... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394487 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5394487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342128&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F20%2F1170%3Frss%3D1 Trauma-hemorrhagic shock (HS/T) is a complex process that elicits numerous molecular pathways. We hypothesized that a dual-platform microarray analysis of the liver, an organ that integrates immunology and metabolism, would reveal key pathways engaged following HS/T. C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups (n = 4/group), anesthetized, and surgically treated to simulate a time course and trauma severity model: 1) nonmanipulated animals, 2) minor trauma, 3) 1.5 h of hemorrhagic shock and severe trauma (HS/T), 4) 1.5 h HS/T followed by 1 h resuscitation (HS/T+1.0R), 5) 1.5 h HS/T followed by 4.5 h resuscitation (HS/T+4.5R). Liver RNA was hybridized to CodeLink and Affymetrix mouse whole genome microarray chips. Common genes with a cross-platform correlation >0.6 (2,353 genes in total) w... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342128 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342127&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F20%2F1160%3Frss%3D1 Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) predisposes humans toward hippocampal morbidities, such as impaired learning and memory. Hippocampal dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) may be involved in these morbidities because DUSP5 regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (Erk). In the rat, IUGR causes postnatal changes in hippocampal gene expression and epigenetic characteristics. However, the impact of IUGR upon hippocampal DUSP5 expression and epigenetic characteristics is not known. We therefore hypothesized that IUGR affects hippocampal 1) DUSP5 expression, DNA CpG methylation, and histone code, and 2) erk1/2 phosphorylation in a well-characterized rat model of IUGR. We found that IUGR significantly decreased DUSP5 expression in the day of life (DOL) 0 and 21 male... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342127 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342126&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F20%2F1153%3Frss%3D1 The prosenescence role of miR-290 and nocodazole has been documented in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), while it is not clear whether immortal murine fibroblasts are still responsive to these senescence inducing stimuli. To establish this point, immortal murine fibroblasts with functional (NIH3T3) or nonfunctional p53 (I-MEF) and low levels of miR-290 were tested for their capability to undergo senescence after exposure to either nocodazole or miR-290. Our results clearly indicate that nocodazole induces senescence only in NIH3T3 cells with a functional p53 but not in I-MEF lacking a functional p53. miR-290 overexpression is unable to address any of the tested immortalized clones toward senescence, regardless of the p53 status, suggesting that the prosenescence role of miR-290 is s... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342126 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342125&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F20%2F1144%3Frss%3D1 To characterize the endothelial dysfunction associated with Type II diabetes, we surveyed transcriptional responses in the vascular endothelia of mice receiving a diabetogenic, high-fat diet. Tie2-GFP mice were fed a diet containing 60% fat calories (HFD); controls were littermates fed normal chow. Following 4, 6, and 8 wk, aortic and leg muscle tissues were enzymatically dispersed, and endothelial cells were obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Relative mRNA abundance in HFD vs. control endothelia was measured with long-oligo microarrays; highly dysregulated genes were confirmed by real-time PCR and protein quantification. HFD mice were hyperglycemic by 2 wk and displayed vascular insulin resistance and decreased glucose tolerance by 5 and 6 wk, respectively. Endothelial trans... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342125 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342124&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F20%2F1135%3Frss%3D1 In this study we examined the effect of AR CAG repeat length on AR function in C2C12 cells. AR expression vectors harboring 14, 24, and 33 CAG repeats were used to assess AR transcriptional activity. C2C12 cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, myotube formation, and myonuclear fusion index were assessed. Transcriptional activity increased with increasing repeat length and in response to testosterone (AR14 = 3.91 ± 0.26, AR24 = 25.21 ± 1.72, AR33 = 36.08 ± 3.22 relative light units; P < 0.001). Ligand activation was increased for AR33 (2.10 ± 0.04) compared with AR14 (1.54 ± 0.09) and AR24 (1.57 ± 0.05, P < 0.001). AR mRNA expression was elevated in each stably transfected line. AR33 cell proliferation (20,512.3 ± 1,024.... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342124 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342123&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F20%2F1117%3Frss%3D1 Hematopoietic differentiation is strictly regulated by complex network of transcription factors that are controlled by ligands binding to cell surface receptors. Disruptions of the intricate sequences of transcriptional activation and suppression of multiple genes cause hematological diseases, such as leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, or myeloproliferative syndromes. From a clinical standpoint, deciphering the pattern of gene expression during hematopoiesis may help unravel disease-specific mechanisms in hematopoietic malignancies. Herein, we describe a human in vitro hematopoietic model system where lineage-specific differentiation of CD34+ cells was accomplished using specific cytokines. Microarray and RNAseq-based whole transcriptome and exome analysis was performed on the different... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342123 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5291450&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F19%2F1105%3Frss%3D1 We report the spatial and temporal regulation of Otx2 in normal mice and Prop1 mutants, and the results suggest Otx2 could influence pituitary development by affecting signaling from the ventral diencephalon and regulation of gene expression in Rathke's pouch. The discovery that Otx2 expression is affected by Prop1 deficiency provides support for our hypothesis that identifying molecular differences in mutants will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms that control pituitary organogenesis and lead to human pituitary disease. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5291450 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5291450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5291449&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F19%2F1096%3Frss%3D1 This study tested the hypotheses that following HS IL-1 family gene expression is dynamic, while loss of IL-1 signaling enhances recovery. IL-1 family expression was determined in plasma, spleen, and liver from C57BL/6J mice (n = 24 control, n = 20 HS) at maximum core temperature (Tc,Max), hypothermia, and 24 h post-HS (24 h). Soluble IL-1 receptor subtype I (sIL-1RI) protein expression peaked at 24 h (14,659.01 ± 2,016.28 pg/ml, P < 0.05), while sIL-1RII peaked at hypothermia (19,099.30 ± 1,177.07 pg/ml). IL-1α gene expression in the spleen (ninefold) and liver (fourfold) along with IL-1RI (threefold spleen and fivefold liver) were maximal at hypothermia. Spleen IL-1β gene expression peaked at Tc,Max (fourfold) but at hypothermia (fourfold) in liver. Gene expre... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5291449 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5291449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5291448&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F19%2F1087%3Frss%3D1 Analysis of changes in gene expression is an important means to define molecular differences associated with the phenotypic changes observed in response to myocardial infarction (MI). Several studies in humans or animal models have reported differential miRNA expression in response to MI acutely (animal) or chronically (human). To determine the relative contribution of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNAs to acute and chronic temporal changes in response to MI, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were performed in three time points post-MI. Changes in mRNA and miRNA expression was analyzed by arrays and confirmed by RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that several genes and miRNAs in various pathways are regulated in a temporal or phenotype-specific manner. Furthermore miRNA analyses indicate... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5291448 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5291448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5291447&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F19%2F1075%3Frss%3D1 Skeletal muscle atrophy can be a consequence of many diseases, environmental insults, inactivity, age, and injury. Atrophy is characterized by active degradation, removal of contractile proteins, and a reduction in muscle fiber size. Animal models have been extensively used to identify pathways that lead to atrophic conditions. We used genome-wide expression profiling analyses and quantitative PCR to identify the molecular changes that occur in two clinically relevant mouse models of muscle atrophy: hindlimb casting and Achilles tendon laceration (tenotomy). Gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected 2, 7, and 14 days after casting or injury. The total amount of muscle loss, as measured by wet weight and muscle fiber size, was equivalent between models on day 14, although tenotomy resulte... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5291447 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5291447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244744&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F18%2F1065%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates the discrepancy by administering 17β-estradiol (E2) in a slow-release capsule to Norway Brown rats both immediately following Ovx and 9 wk post-Ovx (Late), and studying differences in gene expression between these two groups compared with age-matched Ovx and sham-operated animals. Two different types of microarray were used to analyze the left ventricles from these groups: an Affymetrix array (n = 3/group) and an inflammatory cytokines and receptors PCR array (n = 4/group). Key genes were analyzed by Western blotting. Ovx without replacement led to an increase in caspase 3, caspase 9, calpain 2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, and TNF-α. Caspase 6, STAT3, and CD11b increased in the Late group, while tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, MMP14, and col... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244744 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244743&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F18%2F1056%3Frss%3D1 Arctic charr thrive at high densities and can live in freshwater year round, making this species especially suitable for inland, closed containment aquaculture. However, it is a cold-water salmonid, which both limits where the species can be farmed and places wild populations at particular risk to climate change. Previously, we identified genes associated with tolerance and intolerance to acute, lethal temperature stress in Arctic charr. However, there remained a need to examine the genes involved in the stress response to more realistic temperatures that could be experienced during a summer heat wave in grow-out tanks that are not artificially cooled, or under natural conditions. Here, we exposed Arctic charr to sublethal heat stress of 15–18°C for 72 h, and gill tissues extract... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244743 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244742&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F18%2F1049%3Frss%3D1 We previously identified a region of mouse chromosome 7 that influences body fat mass in F2 littermates of congenic x background intercrosses. Current analyses revealed that alleles in the donor region of the subcongenic B6.C-D7Mit318 (318) promoted a twofold increase in adiposity in homozygous lines of 318 compared with background C57BL/6ByJ (B6By) mice. Parent-of-origin effects were discounted through cross-fostering studies and an F1 reciprocal cross. Mapping of the donor region revealed that it has a maximal size of 2.8 Mb (minimum 1.8 Mb) and contains a maximum of eight protein coding genes. Quantitative PCR in whole brain, liver, and gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT) revealed differential expression between genotypes for three genes in females and two genes in males. Alpha-2,8-sial... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244742 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244741&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F18%2F1038%3Frss%3D1 Regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) reside primarily within the nonprotein coding genome and are thought to disturb normal patterns of gene expression by altering DNA binding of transcription factors. Nevertheless, despite the explosive rise in SNP association studies, there is little information as to the function of rSNPs in human disease. Serum response factor (SRF) is a widely expressed DNA-binding transcription factor that has variable affinity to at least 1,216 permutations of a 10 bp transcription factor binding site (TFBS) known as the CArG box. We developed a robust in silico bioinformatics screening method to evaluate sequences around RefSeq genes for conserved CArG boxes. Utilizing a predetermined phastCons threshold score, we identified 8,252 strand-specific CArGs within an 8 kb window aro... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244741 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244740&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F18%2F1029%3Frss%3D1 Our objective was to resequence insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) to identify variants associated with obesity- and diabetes-related traits in Hispanic children. Exonic and intronic segments, 5' and 3' flanking regions of IRS2 (~14.5 kb), were bidirectionally sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in 934 Hispanic children using 3730XL DNA Sequencers. Additionally, 15 SNPs derived from Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChips were analyzed. Measured genotype analysis tested associations between SNPs and obesity and diabetes-related traits. Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide analysis was used to statistically infer the most likely functional polymorphisms. A total of 140 SNPs were identified with minor allele frequencies (MAF) ranging from 0.001 to 0.47. Forty-two of th... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244740 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5202188&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F17%2F1021%3Frss%3D1 Renin-expressing cells are crucial in the control of blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. Notch receptors convey cell-cell signals that may regulate the renin cell phenotype. Because the common downstream effector for all Notch receptors is the transcription factor RBP-J, we used a conditional knockout approach to delete RBP-J in cells of the renin lineage. The resultant RBP-J conditional knockout (cKO) mice displayed a severe reduction in the number of renin-positive juxtaglomerular apparatuses (JGA) and a reduction in the total number of renin positive cells per JGA and along the afferent arterioles. This reduction in renin protein was accompanied by a decrease in renin mRNA expression, decreased circulating renin, and low blood pressure. To investigate whether deletion of R... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5202188 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5202188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5202187&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F17%2F1004%3Frss%3D1 Postexercise protein feeding regulates the skeletal muscle adaptive response to endurance exercise, but the transcriptome guiding these adaptations in well-trained human skeletal muscle is uncharacterized. In a crossover design, eight cyclists ingested beverages containing protein, carbohydrate and fat (PTN: 0.4, 1.2, 0.2 g/kg, respectively) or isocaloric carbohydrate and fat (CON: 1.6, 0.2 g/kg) at 0 and 1 h following 100 min of cycling. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis were collected at 3 and 48 h following to determine the early and late transcriptome and regulatory signaling responses via microarray and immunoblot. The top gene ontology enriched by PTN were: muscle contraction, extracellular matrix - signaling and structure, and nucleoside, nucleotide, and nucleic acid metabolism (3 an... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5202187 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5202187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5202186&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F17%2F993%3Frss%3D1 We sought to characterize temporal gene expression changes in the murine angiotensin II (ANG II)-ApoE–/– model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Aortic ultrasound measurements were obtained over the 28-day time-course. Harvested suprarenal aortic segments were evaluated with whole genome expression profiling at 7, 14, and 28 days using the Agilent Whole Mouse Genome microarray platform and Statistical Analysis of Microarrays at a false discovery rate of <1%. A group of angiotensin-treated mice experienced contained rupture (CR) within 7 days and were analyzed separately. Progressive aortic dilatation occurred throughout the treatment period. However, the numerous early expression differences between ANG II-treated and control were not sustained over time. Ontologic analysi... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5202186 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5202186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5202185&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F17%2F981%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to identify and prioritize positional candidate genes within a skeletal muscle strength quantitative trait locus on chromosome 12q22-23 for follow-up. A two-staged gene-centered fine-mapping approach using 122 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in stage 1 identified a familybased association (n = 500) between several tagSNPs located in the ATPase, Ca2+ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 (ATP2A2; rs3026468), the NUAK family, SNF1-like kinase, 1 (NUAK1; rs10861553 and rs3741886), and the protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, gamma isoform (PPP1CC; rs1050587 and rs7901769) genes and knee torque production (P values up to 0.00092). In stage 2, family-based association tests on additional putatively functional SNPs (e.g., exonic SNPs, SNPs in transcription fact... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5202185 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5202185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5153423&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F16%2F974%3Frss%3D1 Within the field of forensic pathology, determination of the cause of death depends upon identifying physical changes in the corpse or finding diagnostic laboratory abnormalities. When such perturbations are absent, definitive assignment of a cause of death may be difficult or impossible. An example of such a problem is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), a common cause of neonatal mortality that does not produce physical findings or laboratory abnormalities. Although respiratory failure as a cause of SIDS represents the most widely held hypothesis, sudden cardiac death and hyperthermia have also been advanced as possible causes. We hypothesize that each of these physiological stresses would produce a different pattern of premortem gene expression and that these patterns of gene expressio... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5153423 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5153423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5153422&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F16%2F965%3Frss%3D1 Physical exercise induces adaptive changes leading to a muscle phenotype with enhanced performance. We first investigated whether genetic polymorphisms altering enzymes involved in DNA methylation, probably responsible of DNA methylation deficiency, are present in athletes' DNA. We determined the polymorphic variants C667T/A1298C of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), A2756G of methionine synthase (MTR), A66G of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), G742A of betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), and 68-bp ins of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) genes in 77 athletes and 54 control subjects. The frequency of MTHFR (AC), MTR (AG), and MTRR (AG) heterozygous genotypes was found statistically different in the athletes compared with the control group (P = 0.0001, P = 0.... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5153422 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5153422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5153421&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F16%2F951%3Frss%3D1 Heart rate variability (HRV), the quantification of beat-to-beat variability, has been studied as a potential prognostic marker in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. HRV normally reflects significant levels of variability in homeostasis, which can be lost under stress. Much effort has been placed in interpreting HRV from the perspective of quantitatively understanding how stressors alter HRV dynamics, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms that give rise to both homeostatic HRV and changes in HRV have received less focus. Here, we develop a mathematical model of human endotoxemia that incorporates the oscillatory signals giving rise to HRV and their signal transduction to the heart. Connections between processes at the cellular, molecular, and neural levels are quantitatively linked ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5153421 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5153421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136761&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F15%2F942%3Frss%3D1 A low vs. high glycemic index of a high-fat (HF) diet (LGI and HGI, respectively) significantly retarded adverse health effects in adult male C57BL/6J mice, as shown recently (Van Schothorst EM, Bunschoten A, Schrauwen P, Mensink RP, Keijer J. FASEB J 23: 1092–1101, 2009). The LGI diet enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity and repressed HF diet-induced body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight gain, resulting in significantly reduced serum leptin and resistin levels and increased adiponectin levels. We questioned how WAT is modulated and characterized the molecular mechanisms underlying the glycemic index-mediated effects using whole genome microarrays. This showed that the LGI diet mainly exerts its beneficial effects via substrate metabolism, especially fatty acid metabolism. In... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136761 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136760&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F15%2F930%3Frss%3D1 In this report, we identified a quantitative trait that was used to distinguish strain-specific features of rat placentation. Junctional zone prolactin family 5, subfamily a, member 1 (Prl5a1) transcript levels were significantly greater in BN rats than in HSD or DSS rats. Prl5a1 transcript levels were used as a quantitative trait to screen placentation sites from chromosome-substituted rat strains (BN chromosomes introgressed into the DSS inbred strain; DSS-BN panel). Litter size, placental weights, and fetal weights were not significantly different among the chromosome-substituted strains. Regulation of the junctional zone Prl5a1 transcript-level quantitative trait was multifactoral. Chromosome-substituted strains possessing BN chromosomes 14 or 17 introgressed into the DSS inbred rat st... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136760 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136759&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F15%2F917%3Frss%3D1 Epidemiologic studies associate exposure to ambient particulate matter (APM) with increased cardiovascular mortality. Since both pulmonary inflammation and systemic circulation of ultrafine particles are hypothesized as initiating cardiovascular effects, we examined responses of potential target cells in vitro. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to 10 µg/ml fine and ultrafine APM collected in an urban setting in summer 2006 or winter 2007 in the San Joaquin Valley, California. RNA isolated after 3 h was analyzed with high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Summer APM treatment affected genes involved in xenobiotic and oxidoreductase activity, transcription factors, and inflammatory responses in HAEC, while winter APM had a robust xenobiotic but lesser inflammatory respon... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136759 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136758&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F15%2F911%3Frss%3D1 In the course of developing a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene therapy treatment for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), we planned to examine the efficacy in a nonhuman primate model, the rhesus macaque heterozygous for an LDL receptor mutation fed a high-fat diet. Unexpectedly, our initial cDNA sequencing studies led to the identification of a heretofore unidentified splicing isoform of the rhesus LDLR gene. Compared with the publicly available GenBank reference sequence of rhesus LDLR, the novel isoform contains a 21 bp in frame insertion. This sequence coincides with part of exon 5 and creates a site for the restriction enzyme MscI. Using this site as a marker for the 21 bp in-frame insertion, we conducted a restriction enzyme screen to examine for the prevalen... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136758 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075071&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F14%2F903%3Frss%3D1 Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) and galectins modulate the maternal immune response during pregnancy. We hypothesized that the relative transcript abundance of the above genes would be different during the luteal phase/early pregnancy and would be affected by progesterone supplementation. To further test this, hypothesis protein expression analyses were carried out to evaluate the abundance and localization of LGALS9 and PIBF. Following estrus synchronization, heifers were inseminated (n = 140) or not (n = 70). Half the heifers in each status (cyclic or potentially pregnant) were randomly assigned to receive a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) on day 3 after estrus, which elevated progesterone concentrations from day 3.5 to 8 (P < 0.05), resulting in four tre... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075071 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075070&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F14%2F895%3Frss%3D1 We tested the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of older adults demonstrate a proinflammatory/-oxidative gene expression profile that can be improved by regular aerobic exercise. PBMC were isolated from young (n = 25, 18–33 yr) and middle-aged/older (n = 40, 50–76 yr) healthy adults. The older adults had greater mRNA expression (real-time RT-PCR) of the proinflammatory/-oxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-B (1.58-fold, P < 0.05) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (1.12-fold, P < 0.05), the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (1.90-fold, P < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (1.47-fold, P < 0.05), and the oxidant-producing enzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (0.91-fol... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075070 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075069&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F14%2F884%3Frss%3D1 We previously cloned a molecule that interacts with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor to exert an inhibitory function on AT1 receptor signaling that we named ATRAP/Agtrap (for AT1 receptor-associated protein). In the present study we examined the regulation of basal ATRAP gene expression using renal distal convoluted tubule cells. We found that serum starvation upregulated basal expression of ATRAP gene, a response that required de novo mRNA and protein synthesis. Luciferase assay revealed that the proximal promoter region directs transcription and that a putative binding site of runt-related transcription factors (RBE) is important for transcriptional activation. The results of RBE-decoy transfection and endogenous knockdown by small interference RNA showed that the runt-related transc... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075069 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075068&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F14%2F873%3Frss%3D1 Do the transcriptional mechanisms that control an individual's mitochondrial content, PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α) and NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor-1), also cause differences between species? We explored the determinants of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities in muscles from 12 rodents differing 1,000-fold in mass. Hindlimb muscles differed in scaling patterns from isometric (soleus, gastrocnemius) to allometric (tibialis anterior, scaling coefficient = –0.16). Consideration of myonuclear domain reduced the differences within species, but interspecies differences remained. For tibialis anterior, there was no significant scaling relationship in mRNA/g for COX4-1, PGC1α, or NRF1, yet COX4-1 mRNA/g was a good predictor of COX ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075068 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075067&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F14%2F855%3Frss%3D1 Hypoxia is a widely occurring condition experienced by diverse organisms under numerous physiological and disease conditions. To probe the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia responses and tolerance, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify mutants with enhanced hypoxia tolerance in the model eukaryote, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast provides an excellent model for genomic and proteomic studies of hypoxia. We identified five genes whose deletion significantly enhanced hypoxia tolerance. They are RAI1, NSR1, BUD21, RPL20A, and RSM22, all of which encode functions involved in ribosome biogenesis. Further analysis of the deletion mutants showed that they minimized hypoxia-induced changes in polyribosome profiles and protein synthesis. Strikingly, proteomic analysis by usin... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075067 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034576&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F844%3Frss%3D1 Despite large changes in salt intake, the mammalian kidney is able to maintain the extracellular sodium concentration and osmolarity within very narrow margins, thereby controlling blood volume and blood pressure. In the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN), aldosterone tightly controls the activities of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na,K-ATPase, the two limiting factors in establishing transepithelial sodium transport. It has been proposed that the ENaC/degenerin gene family is restricted to Metazoans, whereas the α- and β-subunits of Na,K-ATPase have homologous genes in prokaryotes. This raises the question of the emergence of osmolarity control. By exploring recent genomic data of diverse organisms, we found that: 1) ENaC/degenerin exists in all of the Metazoans... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034576 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034575&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F836%3Frss%3D1 Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a strong indicator of total atherosclerosis burden. Epidemiological data have shown substantial differences in CAC prevalence and severity between African Americans and whites. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of CAC. Microarray gene expression profiling of peripheral blood leucocytes was performed from 119 healthy women aged 50 yr or above in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort; 48 women had CAC score >100 and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) >1 mm, while 71 had CAC <10 and IMT <0.65 mm. When 17 African Americans were compared with 41 whites in the low-CAC group, 409 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate <5%)were identified. In addition, 316 differen... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034575 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034574&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F829%3Frss%3D1 In Fischer 344 (F344) rats, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade for 1 yr with the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker L-158,809 prevents age-related impairments in metabolic function, similar to transgenic rats with low glial angiotensinogen (Aogen). Brain RAS regulation may contribute to the benefits of long-term systemic AT1 antagonism. We assessed the mRNA of RAS components in the dorsomedial medulla of F344 rats at 3 (young; n = 8) or 15 mo of age (old; n = 7) and in rats treated from 3 to 15 mo of age with 20 mg/l of the AT1 receptor antagonist L-158,809 (Old+L; n = 6). Aogen and renin mRNA were lower in the young compared with old group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA was lower in the old and Old+L compared with the young group. ACE2 and neprilysin expression w... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034574 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034573&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F818%3Frss%3D1 In this study we demonstrate that RORα-deficient staggerer mice (RORαsg/sg) fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited reduced adiposity and hepatic triglyceride levels compared with wild-type (WT) littermates and were resistant to the development of hepatic steatosis, adipose-associated inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gene expression profiling showed that many genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and storage, including Cidec, Cidea, and Mogat1, were expressed at much lower levels in liver of RORαsg/sg mice. In contrast, overexpression of RORα in mouse hepatoma Hepa1–6 cells significantly increased the expression of genes that were repressed in RORαsg/sg liver, including Sult1b1, Adfp, Cidea, and ApoA4. ChIP and promoter analysis suggested that s... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034573 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034572&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F808%3Frss%3D1 This study examined angiogenic function and genomic structure of regions surrounding the renin gene using subcongenic strains of the SS and BN/NHsdMcwi (BN) rat to identify important genomic variations between SS and BN involved in angiogenesis. Three candidate regions on Chr 13 were studied: two congenic strains containing 0.89 and 2.62 Mb portions of BN Chr 13 that excluded the BN renin allele and a third strain that contained a 2.02 Mb overlapping region that included the BN renin allele. Angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle was attenuated in the SS compared with the BN. Congenics carrying the SS renin allele had impaired angiogenesis, while strains carrying the BN renin allele had angiogenesis restored. The exception was a congenic including a ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034572 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034571&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F799%3Frss%3D1 Hibernation as manifested in ground squirrels is arguably the most plastic and extreme of physiological phenotypes in mammals. Homeostasis is challenged by prolonged fasting accompanied by heterothermy, yet must be facilitated for survival. We performed LC and GC-MS metabolomic profiling of plasma samples taken reproducibly during seven natural stages of the hibernator's year, three in summer and four in winter (each n ≥ 5), employing a nontargeted approach to define the metabolite shifts associated with the phenotype. We quantified 231 named metabolites; 106 of these altered significantly, demarcating a cycle within a cycle where torpor-arousal cycles recur during the winter portion of the seasonal cycle. A number of robust hibernation biomarkers that alter with season and winter stage... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034571 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5034570&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F13%2F789%3Frss%3D1 Aerobic ATP generation by the mitochondrial respiratory oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is a vital metabolic process for endurance exercise. Notably, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codifies 13 of the 83 polypeptides implied in the respiratory chain. As such, there is a strong rationale for identifying an association between mtDNA variants and "aerobic" (endurance) exercise phenotypes. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the association between mtDNA, nuclear genes involved in mitochondriogenesis, and elite endurance athletic status. Several studies in nonathletic people have demonstrated an association between certain mtDNA lineages and aerobic performance, characterized by maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max). Whether mtDNA haplogroups are also associated with the s... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5034570 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5034570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981274&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F781%3Frss%3D1 The mechanisms underlying the unequal distribution of atherosclerotic disease in the peripheral arteries are currently unclear. Gene expression differences in healthy arteries may influence the heterogeneous distribution of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this investigation compares gene expression in healthy atheroprotected brachial and atherosusceptible femoral arteries of young and disease free Rapacz familial hypercholesterolemic (FHC) swine. We hypothesized that transcripts related to atherosusceptibility would be differentially expressed between these arteries prior to the onset of disease. Femoral and brachial arteries were harvested from four 13-day-old Rapacz FHC swine. No atherosclerotic disease was detected using Sudan IV, Verhoeff-van Gieson, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Gene ex... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981274 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981273&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F772%3Frss%3D1 The perception that soy food products and dietary supplements will have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health has led to a massive consumer market. However, we have previously noted that diet profoundly affects disease progression in a genetic model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this model, a soy-based diet negatively impacts cardiac function in male mice. Given the frequent connection between functional changes and transcriptional changes, we investigated the effect of diet (soy- vs. milk-based) on cardiac gene expression and how it is affected by the additional factors of sex and disease. We found that gene expression in the heart is altered more by diet than by sex or an inherited disease. We also found that the healthy male heart may be sensitized to dietary perturbati... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981273 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981272&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F766%3Frss%3D1 The hypothalamus has an important etiological role in the onset and maintenance of hypertension and stress responses in the Schlager high blood pressure (BP) (BPH/2J) mouse, a genetic model of neurogenic hypertension. Using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Arrays we identified 1,019 hypothalamic genes whose expression differed between 6 wk old BPH/2J and normal BP (BPN/3J) strains, and 466 for 26 wk old mice. Of these, 459 were in 21 mouse BP quantitative trait loci. We validated 46 genes by qPCR. Gene changes that would increase sympathetic outflow at both ages were: Dynll1 encoding dynein light chain LC8-type 1, which physically destabilizes neuronal nitric oxide synthase, decreasing neuronal nitric oxide, and Hcrt encoding hypocretin and Npsr1 encoding neuropeptide S receptor 1, ea... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981272 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981271&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F758%3Frss%3D1 To find a genetic basis for differential ability to survive severe hemorrhage, we previously showed eightfold differences in survival times among inbred rat strains. We assumed that rat strains had similar normalized blood volumes (NBV; ml/100 g body wt). As NBV might vary among strains and constitute one genetic variable affecting survival time to hemorrhage, in experiment 1 of the current studies we first measured total blood volumes and calculated NBV in specific inbred rat strains (Brown Norway/Medical College of Wisconsin, BN; Dark Agouti, DA; Fawn Hooded Hypertensive, FHH; Lewis, LEW; and Dahl Salt-Sensitive, SS) previously found to be divergent in survival time. NBV differed by 20% (P < 0.01; BN > SS > FHH = LEW = DA) and had a heritability (h2) of 0.56. Hence, differential... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981271 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981270&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F749%3Frss%3D1 Mouse genetic studies reveal that ascorbic acid (AA) is essential for osteoblast (OB) differentiation and that osterix (Osx) was a key downstream target of AA action in OBs. To determine the molecular pathways for AA regulation of Osx expression, we evaluated if AA regulates Osx expression by regulating production and/or actions of local growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Inhibition of actions of IGFs by inhibitory IGFBP-4, BMPs by noggin, and ECM-mediated integrin signaling by RGD did not block AA effects on Osx expression in OBs. Furthermore, blockade of components of MAPK signaling pathway had no effect on AA-induced Osx expression. Because AA is required for prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) activity and because PHD-induced prolyl-hydroxylation targets proteins to pr... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981270 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981269&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F739%3Frss%3D1 We hypothesized that network analysis is useful to expose coordination between whole body and myocellular levels of energy metabolism and can identify entities that underlie skeletal muscle's contribution to growth hormone-stimulated lipid handling and metabolic fitness. We assessed 112 metabolic parameters characterizing metabolic rate and substrate handling in tibialis anterior muscle and vascular compartment at rest, after a meal and exercise with growth hormone replacement therapy (GH-RT) of hypopituitary patients (n = 11). The topology of linear relationships (| r | ≥ 0.7, P ≤ 0.01) and mutual dependencies exposed the organization of metabolic relationships in three entities reflecting basal and exercise-induced metabolic rate, triglyceride handling, and substrate utilization in... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981269 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981268&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F726%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions: Thus, CR in the absence of leptin fails to normalize cardiac steatosis. GL/FFA cycling may be, at least in part, leptin-dependent and a key pathway that protects the heart from lipid accumulation. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981268 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4981267&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F12%2F711%3Frss%3D1 The conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormal and protease-resistant isoform is the key event in prion diseases. Mice lacking PrPC are resistant to prion infection, and downregulation of PrPC during prion infection prevents neuronal loss and the progression to clinical disease. These results are suggestive of the potential beneficial effect of silencing PrPC during prion diseases. However, the silencing of a protein that is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system could be detrimental to brain homeostasis. The physiological role of PrPC remains still unclear, but several putative functions (e.g., neuronal development and maintenance) have been proposed. To assess the influence of PrPC on gene expression profile in the mouse brain, we undertook a microarra... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4981267 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4981267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4930500&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F11%2F697%3Frss%3D1 Inflammation is common to many disorders and responsible for tissue and organ damage. In many disorders, the associated peripheral cytokine milieu is dilute and difficult to measure, necessitating development of more sensitive and informative biomarkers for mechanistic studies, earlier diagnosis, and monitoring therapeutic interventions. Previously, we have shown that plasma of recent-onset (RO) Type 1 diabetes patients induces a disease-specific proinflammatory transcriptional profile in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) compared with that of healthy controls (HC). To eliminate assay variance introduced through the use of multiple donors or multiple draws of the same person over time, we evaluated human leukemia cell lines as potential surrogates for fresh PBMC. We 1) tested... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4930500 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4930500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4930499&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F11%2F685%3Frss%3D1 Arctic charr is an especially attractive aquaculture species given that it features the desirable tissue traits of other salmonids and is bred and grown at inland freshwater tank farms year round. It is of interest to develop upper temperature tolerant (UTT) strains of Arctic charr to increase the robustness of the species in the face of climate change and to enable production in more southern regions. We used a genomics approach that takes advantage of the well-studied Atlantic salmon genome to identify genes that are associated with UTT in Arctic charr. Specifically, we conducted an acute temperature trial to identify temperature tolerant and intolerant Arctic charr individuals, which were subject to microarray and qPCR analysis to identify candidate UTT genes. These were compared with g... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4930499 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4930499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4930498&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F11%2F674%3Frss%3D1 To identify additional potential functions for the multi-PDZ domain containing protein Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2), which is present in the apical domain of intestinal epithelial cells, proteomic studies of mouse jejunal villus epithelial cell brush border membrane vesicles compared wild-type to homozygous NHERF2 knockout FVB mice by a two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-iTRAQ approach. Jejunal architecture appeared normal in NHERF2 null in terms of villus length and crypt depth, Paneth cell number, and microvillus structure by electron microscopy. There was also no change in proliferative activity based on BrdU labeling. Four brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) preparations from wild-type mouse jejunum were compared with four prepa... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4930498 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4930498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4930497&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F11%2F665%3Frss%3D1 This study assessed involvement of miRNAs-29 in CH of trained rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 7/group) were randomized into three groups: sedentary (S), training 1 (T1), training 2 (T2). T1: swimming sessions of 60 min/5 days/wk/10 wk. T2: similar to T1 until 8th wk. On the 9th wk rats swam 2x/day, and on the 10th wk 3x/day. MiRNAs analysis was performed by miRNA microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR. We assessed: markers of training, CH by ratio of left ventricle (LV) weight/body wt and cardiomyocytes diameter, pathological markers of CH (ANF, skeletal α-actin, α/β-MHC), collagen I and III (COLIAI and COLIIIAI) by real-time PCR, protein collagen by hydroxyproline (OH-proline) concentration, CF and CH by echocardiography. Training improved aerobic capacity and induced CH... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4930497 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4930497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4930496&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F11%2F655%3Frss%3D1 This study shows that there is a distinct miRNA expression signature in AF with MS. The findings may be useful for the development of therapeutic interventions that are based on rational target selection in these patients. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4930496 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4930496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869559&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F640%3Frss%3D1 We have recently demonstrated that nutritional bioactives (fish oil and pectin) modulate microRNA molecular switches in the colon. Since integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression at an early stage of colon cancer development is lacking, in this study, four computational approaches were utilized to test the hypothesis that microRNAs and their posttranscriptionally regulated mRNA targets, i.e., both total mRNAs and actively translated mRNA transcripts, are differentially modulated by carcinogen and diet treatment. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing corn oil ± fish oil with pectin ± cellulose and injected with azoxymethane or saline (control). Colonic mucosa was assayed at an early time of cancer progression, and global gene set enrichment analysis was used ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869559 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869558&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F631%3Frss%3D1 We previously mapped several gene loci influencing cancer risk of inbred BDIV and BDIX rats, resistant and susceptible, respectively, to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). On the basis of a genomewide association analysis using a (BDIV x BDIX) F2 generation the Mss4 locus on rat chromosome 6 was predicted to mediate resistance to MPNST development in the trigeminal nerves, preferentially in females. F2 females homozygous for D6Mit1 proved almost exclusively resistant to peripheral neurooncogenesis, with no effect detectable in males. To functionally verify Mss4, a congenic BDIX rat strain was generated carrying a corresponding BDIV genomic fragment. On treatment with ENU, congenic BDIX.BDIV-Mss4a rats showed a 2.4-fold lower MPNST rate an... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869558 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869557&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F621%3Frss%3D1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by repressing target genes at the posttranscriptional level. Since miRNAs have unique expression profiles in different tissues, they provide pivotal regulation of many biological processes. The present study defined miRNA expression during murine myogenic progenitor cell (MPC) proliferation and differentiation to identify miRNAs involved in muscle regeneration. Muscle-related gene expression analyses revealed that the time course and expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and transcription factors (Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and Pax7) were similar during in vitro MPC proliferation/differentiation and in vivo muscle regeneration. Comprehensive profiling revealed that 139 or 16 miRNAs were significantly changed more than twofold [false discovery rate (F... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869557 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869556&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F611%3Frss%3D1 Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) have the potential to differentiate into any cell type of the three germ layers. Differentiation processes depend on genetic and epigenetic factors. The guidance of cell fate determination by microRNAs (miRs) seems important for embryonic development and cell lineage decisions. MiRs are short, single-stranded, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate through posttranscriptional modulation, a subset of target genes involved in cell differentiation and specific cell function. We have used microarray profiling of miRs in the mouse embryonic stem cell line CGR8. Comparison of the miR profiles of undifferentiated stem cells with mesodermal progenitors cells (day 5), preadipocytes (day 10), and adipocytes (day 21) showed that the expression level of 129 miRs c... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869556 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869555&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F604%3Frss%3D1 This study demonstrates the importance of validating normalization standards when performing miRNA expression analyses by qPCR, and that miR-1 and miR-101b may play an important role during early reperfusion of the ischemic rat heart. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869555 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869554&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F595%3Frss%3D1 A common characteristic of aging is loss of skeletal muscle (sarcopenia), which can lead to falls and fractures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression with potential roles as regulators of skeletal muscle mass and function. The purpose of this study was to profile miRNA expression patterns in aging human skeletal muscle with a miRNA array followed by in-depth functional and network analysis. Muscle biopsy samples from 36 men [young: 31 ± 2 (n = 19); older: 73 ± 3 (n = 17)] were 1) analyzed for expression of miRNAs with a miRNA array, 2) validated with TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR assays, and 3) identified (and later validated) for potential gene targets with the bioinformatics knowledge base software Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. E... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869554 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869553&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F581%3Frss%3D1 Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) act as posttranscriptional regulators and that they play important roles during heart development and in cardiac function. Thus, they may provide new means of altering stem cell fate and differentiation processes. However, information about the correlation between global miRNA and mRNA expression in cardiomyocyte clusters (CMCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and in fetal and adult heart tissue is lacking. In the present study the global miRNA and mRNA expression in hESC-derived CMCs and in fetal and adult heart tissue was investigated in parallel using microarrays. Target genes for the differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using computational methods, and the concordance in miRNA expression and mRNA levels of poten... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869553 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869552&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F571%3Frss%3D1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNAs leading to their translational inhibition or sometimes degradation. MiRNAs are predicted to control the activity of at least 20–30% of human protein-coding genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) including the brain and spinal cord. Although we are currently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of gene regulators is involved in neurological biological functions, a growing body of exciting evidence suggests that miRNAs are important regulators of diverse biological processes such as cell differentiation, g... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869552 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869551&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F566%3Frss%3D1 MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of noncoding RNA that exhibits tissue- or developmental stage-specific expression patterns and negatively regulates gene expression. MiRNAs play an important role in human diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OA is characterized by the progressive destruction of articular cartilage, and several miRNAs exhibit altered expression, playing a role in regulating gene expression in OA pathogenesis, especially in catabolic factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and aggrecanases. RA is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by irreversible joint destruction due to chronic synovial inflammation. MiRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response, synovial cell proliferation, and production of MMPs in RA synovial tissues... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869551 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869550&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F557%3Frss%3D1 Chronic wounds represent a major and rising socioeconomic threat affecting over 6.5 million people in the United States costing in excess of US $25 billion annually. Wound healing is a physiological response to injury that is conserved across tissue systems. In humans, wounding is followed by instant response aimed at hemostasis, which in turn provides the foundation for inflammatory processes that closely follow. Inflammation is helpful and a prerequisite for healing as long as it is mounted and resolved in a timely manner. Chronic inflammation derails the healing cascade resulting in impaired wound closure. Disruption of Dicer, the RNase III enzyme that generates functional miRNAs, has a major impact on the overall immune system. Emerging studies indicate that miRNAs, especially miR-21, ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869550 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869549&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F543%3Frss%3D1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNA molecules ~22 nt in length. miRNAs are capable of posttranscriptional gene regulation by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or suppression of translation. miRNAs have recently been shown to play pivotal roles in skin development and are linked to various skin pathologies, cancer, and wound healing. This review focuses on the role of miRNAs in cutaneous biology, the various methods of miRNA modulation, and the therapeutic opportunities in treatment of skin diseases and wound healing. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869549 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869548&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F534%3Frss%3D1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nt) noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules that downregulate gene expression. Studies have shown that miRNAs control diverse aspects of heart disease, including hypertrophy, remodeling, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Recently, several studies have suggested that miRNAs contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury by altering key signaling elements, thus making them potential therapeutic targets. By altering the expression of various key elements in cell survival and apoptosis [such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), Bcl-2, Mcl-1, heat shock protein (HSP)60, HSP70, HSP20, programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), LRRFIP1, Fas ligand (FasL), Sirt-1, etc.], miRNAs alter the response to ischemia-reperfusio... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869548 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869547&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F529%3Frss%3D1 Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation are critical events in vascular proliferative diseases. Recent studies have established microRNAs (miRNAs) as important mediators for the modulation of VSMC phenotype by targeting transcription factors and the cytoskeleton, which act as molecular switches for VSMC differentiation. The importance of miRNAs for VSMC development, differentiation, and function is evident by the fact that loss of the miRNA processing enzyme Dicer in VSMCs results in embryonic lethality due to severe vascular abnormalities. Similar abnormalities are observed in adult miR-143/145 knockout mice, indicating that these miRNAs are important for VSMC differentiation and function. However, since miR-143/145 knockout is not embryonically lethal, additional m... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869547 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869546&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F521%3Frss%3D1 Small, noncoding, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key mediators of posttranscriptional gene silencing in both pathogenic and pathological aspects of ischemic stroke biology. In stroke etiology, miRNA have distinct expression patterns that modulate pathogenic processes including atherosclerosis (miR-21, miR-126), hyperlipidemia (miR-33, miR-125a-5p), hypertension (miR-155), and plaque rupture (miR-222, miR-210). Following focal cerebral ischemia, significant changes in the miRNA transcriptome, independent of an effect on expression of miRNA machinery, implicate miRNA in the pathological cascade of events that include blood brain barrier disruption (miR-15a) and caspase mediated cell death signaling (miR-497). Early activation of miR-200 family members improves neural cell survival via pr... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869546 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869545&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F10%2F517%3Frss%3D1 The human genome encodes 1,048 microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs regulate virtually all biological processes. Leaving ignominy on the significance miRNAs behind we are approaching a new era in tissue repair where an ever expanding orchestra of events that enable tissue repair and regeneration seems to be conducted by miRNAs as the maestro. microRNAs are emerging as molecular rheostats that fine-tune and switch regulatory circuits governing tissue repair. Key elements of tissue repair such as stem cell biology, inflammation, hypoxia-response, and angiogenesis are all under the sophisticated control of a network of specific mRNAs. Embryonic stem cells lacking miRNAs lose their "stemness." Manipulation of specific cellular miRNAs helps enhance reprogramming of somatic cells to an embryonic ste... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869545 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4869545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4818641&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F9%2F506%3Frss%3D1 In this study gene expression analysis of zebrafish larvae that were raised under normoxic, hypoxic, or training conditions were compared, using microarray analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and protein data. Although HIF expression is posttranslationally regulated, mRNA expression levels of all three isoforms (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α) differed in each of the experimental groups, but the changes observed in hypoxic animals were much smaller than in trained larvae. Prominent changes were seen for Hif-2α expression, which significantly increased after the first day of exercise and then decreased down to values significantly below control values. HIF-3α mRNA expression in turn increased significantly, and at the end of the training period (9–15 days po... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4818641 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4818641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4818640&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F9%2F499%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we hypothesized that uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI)-induced IUGR decreases mRNA levels of elastin and genes required for elastin fiber synthesis and assembly, at birth (prealveolarization) and postnatal day 7 (midalveolarization) in the rat. We further hypothesized that this would be accompanied by reduced elastic fiber deposition and increased static compliance at postnatal day 21 (mature lung). We used a well characterized rat model of IUGR to test these hypotheses. IUGR decreases mRNA transcript levels of genes essential for elastic fiber formation, including elastin, at birth and day 7. In the day 21 lung, IUGR decreases elastic fiber deposition and increases static lung compliance. We conclude that IUGR decreases mRNA transcript levels of elastic fiber synthesis gen... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4818640 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4818640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4818639&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F9%2F488%3Frss%3D1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of noncoding RNAs that are believed to be important in many biological processes through regulation of gene expression. Little is known of their function in tooth morphogenesis and differentiation. MicroRNA-214 (miR-214), encoded by the polycistronic Dnm30os gene, is highly expressed during development of molar tooth germ and was selected as a target for silencing with anti-miR-214. Mandibular injection of 1–100 pmol of anti-miR-214 close to the developing first molar in newborn mice resulted in significant decrease in expression of miR-214, miR-466h, and miR-574-5p in the tooth germ. Furthermore, levels of miR-199a-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-690, miR-720, and miR-1224 were significantly increased. Additionally, the expression of 863 genes was signi... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4818639 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4818639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4818638&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F9%2F479%3Frss%3D1 The molecular mechanisms of lung injury and fibrosis are incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial biological regulators that act by suppressing their target genes and are involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. To gain insight into miRNAs in the regulation of lung fibrosis, total RNA was isolated from mouse lungs harvested at different days after bleomycin treatment, and miRNA array with 1,810 miRNA probes was performed thereafter. MiRNAs expressed in lungs with bleomycin treatment at different time points were compared with miRNAs expressed in lungs without bleomycin treatment, resulting in 161 miRNAs differentially expressed. Furthermore, miRNA expression patterns regulated in initial and late periods after bleomycin were identified. Target genes were predic... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4818638 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4818638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4818637&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F9%2F467%3Frss%3D1 Molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle associated with anabolic steroid treatment of cattle are unclear and we aimed to characterize transcriptional changes. Cattle were chronically exposed (68 ± 20 days) to a steroid hormone implant containing 200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol (Revalor-H). Biopsy samples from 48 cattle (half treated) from longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle under local anesthesia were collected. Gene expression levels were profiled by microarray, covering 16,944 unique bovine genes: 121 genes were differentially expressed (DE) due to the implant (99.99% posterior probability of not being false positives). Among DE genes, a decrease in expression of a number of fat metabolism-associated genes, likely reflecting the lipid storage activity of intramuscular adip... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4818637 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4818637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4818635&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F9%2F461%3Frss%3D1 The common polymorphism SCN5A-S1103Y (~13% allelic frequency in African Americans) is a risk factor for arrhythmia, sudden unexplained death (SUD), and sudden infant death syndrome. Prompted by a case of autopsy-negative SUD in a 23-year-old African American man who collapsed while playing football, we hypothesized that S1103Y interacted with other SCN5A variants to pathologically modify sodium current (INa). Mutational analysis of arrhythmia-associated genes in the victim revealed the variants SCN5A-R680H and SCN5A-S1103Y. These variants were made both separately and in the same cDNA construct of the alternative splice variant backgrounds (SCN5A-Q1077del and Q1077) and expressed in HEK293 cells. In the most abundant SCN5A-Q1077del, late INa for S1103Y alone was not significantly different... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4818635 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4818635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757757&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F457%3Frss%3D1 In addition to many other genes, tissue-specific genes (TSGs) represent a set of genes of great importance for human physiology. However, the links among TSGs, diseases, and potential therapeutic agents are often missing, hidden, or too scattered to find. There is a need to establish a knowledgebase for researchers to share this and additional information in order to speed up discovery and clinical practice. As an initiative toward systems biology, the VeryGene web server was developed to fill this gap. A significant effort has been made to integrate TSGs from two large-scale data analyses with respective information on subcellular localization, Gene Ontology, Reactome, KEGG pathway, Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) Mammalian Phenotype, disease association, and targeting drugs. The current r... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757757 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757756&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F447%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to identify prostaglandin F2α (PG)-induced changes in the transcriptome of bovine corpora lutea (CL) that are specific to mature, PG-responsive (day 11) CL vs. developing (day 4) CL, which do not undergo luteolysis in response to PG administration. CL were collected at 0, 4, and 24 h after PG injection on days 4 and 11 of the estrous cycle (n = 5 per day and time point), and microarray analysis was performed with GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays. Data normalization was performed with affy package and significance testing with maanova from Bioconductor. Significance (relative to 0 h time point) was declared at fold change >2.0 or <0.5 and false discovery rate of <5%. At 4 and 24 h after PG, 221 (day 4) and 661 (day 11) and 248 (day 4) and 1,421 (d... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757756 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757755&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F438%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, ERbeta acquires the role of gatekeeper of the genomic response of the heart to pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. This may offer the molecular explanation for its cardioprotective role. We consider the present study to be a useful resource and that it will contribute to downstream functional analysis and to the characterization of pathways with previously unknown role in hypertrophy. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757755 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757754&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F417%3Frss%3D1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is up to threefold more prevalent in women than men. Female mice overexpressing the serotonin transporter (SERT; SERT+ mice) exhibit PAH and exaggerated hypoxia-induced PAH, whereas male SERT+ mice remain unaffected. To further investigate these sex differences, microarray analysis was performed in the pulmonary arteries of normoxic and chronically hypoxic female and male SERT+ mice. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was employed for validation of the microarray data. In relevant groups, immunoblotting was performed for genes of interest (CEBPβ, CYP1B1, and FOS). To translate clinical relevance to our findings, CEBPβ, CYP1B1, and FOS mRNA and protein expression was assessed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) derived from idiopathic P... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757754 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757753&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F408%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, the complexities of the alterations induced by high-fat feeding are multifactorial, indicating that the interplay between several metabolic pathways is responsible for the pathological consequences. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757753 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757752&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F398%3Frss%3D1 Inhibition of the myostatin signaling pathway is emerging as a promising therapeutic means to treat muscle wasting and degenerative disorders. Activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) is the putative myostatin receptor, and a soluble activin receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) has been demonstrated to potently inhibit a subset of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family members including myostatin. To determine reliable and valid biomarkers for ActRIIB-Fc treatment, we assessed gene expression profiles for quadriceps muscles from mice treated with ActRIIB-Fc compared with mice genetically lacking myostatin and control mice. Expression of 134 genes was significantly altered in mice treated with ActRIIB-Fc over a 2-wk period relative to control mice (fold change > 1.5, P < 0.001), whereas the numbe... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757752 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757751&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F392%3Frss%3D1 Gene expression signatures in blood correlate with specific diseases. Such signatures may serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools in disease management. Blood gene expression signatures associated with heart failure may be applied to predict prognosis, monitor disease progression, and optimize treatment. Blood gene expression profiles were generated for 71 subjects with heart failure and 15 controls without heart failure, using the Affymetrix GeneChip U133Plus2.0. Survival analysis identified 197 "mortality genes" that were significantly associated with patient outcome. Functional categorization showed that genes associated with T cell receptor signaling were most significantly overpresented. Cluster analysis of these T cell receptor signaling genes significantly categorized hear... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757751 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757750&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F8%2F381%3Frss%3D1 Growth hormone is one of few pharmacologic agents known to augment milk production in humans. We hypothesized that recombinant human GH (rhGH) increases the expression of cell proliferation and milk protein synthesis genes. Sequential milk and blood samples collected over four days were obtained from five normal lactating women. Following 24 h of baseline milk and blood sampling, rhGH (0.1 mg/kg/day) was administered subcutaneously once daily for 3 days. Gene expression changes were determined by microarray studies utilizing milk fat globule RNA isolated from each milk sample. Following rhGH administration, DNA synthesis and cell cycle genes were induced, while no significant changes were observed in the expression of milk synthesis genes. Expression of glycolysis and citric acid cycle gen... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757750 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702503&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F7%2F372%3Frss%3D1 Increased circulating levels of resistin have been proposed as a possible link between obesity and insulin resistance; however, many of the potential metabolic effects of resistin remain to be investigated, including systemic versus local resistin action. We investigated potential autocrine effects of resistin on lipid and glucose metabolism in 2- and 16-mo-old transgenic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) expressing a nonsecreted form of mouse resistin under control of the aP2 promoter. To search for possible molecular mechanisms, we compared gene expression profiles in adipose tissue in 6-wk-old transgenic SHR versus control rats, before development of insulin resistance, by digital transcriptional profiling using high-throughput sequencing. Both young and old transgenic rats showed m... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702503 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702502&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F7%2F365%3Frss%3D1 The efficacy of anti-TNF-α therapies highlights the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of action of these agents is poorly understood at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of anti-TNF-α treatment on the global gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of responder RA patients. Changes in gene expression were determined using oligonucleotide microarrays (25,341 genes) in PBMCs obtained before and after 12 wk of treatment with either etanercept or adalimumab from responder RA patients. Two hundred fifty-one genes displayed significant changes (false discovery rate < 0.1%) in expression level (178 upregulations with mean fold change = 1.5 and 73 downregu... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702502 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702501&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F7%2F357%3Frss%3D1 Phospholamban (PLN), the reversible inhibitor of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), is a key regulator of myocyte Ca2+ cycling with a significant role in heart failure. We previously showed that the single amino acid difference between human and mouse PLN results in increased inhibition of Ca2+ cycling and cardiac remodeling and attenuated stress responses in transgenic mice expressing the human PLN (hPLN) in the null background. Here we dissect the molecular and electrophysiological processes triggered by the superinhibitory hPLN in the mouse. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we performed global gene expression analysis, electrophysiology, and mathematical simulations on hPLN mice. We identified significant changes in a series of Na+ and K+ homeostasis genes/protei... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702501 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702500&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F7%2F346%3Frss%3D1 Long-term ethanol exposure leads to a sexually dimorphic response in both the susceptibility to cardiac pathology (protective effect of the female heart) and the expression of selected myocardial proteins. The purpose of the present study was to use proteomics to examine the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on a broader array of cardiac proteins and how these were affected between the sexes. Male and female rats were maintained for 18 wk on a 40% ethanol-containing diet in which alcohol was provided in drinking water and agar blocks. Differences in the content of specific cardiac proteins in isopycnic centrifugal fractions were determined using mass spectrometry on iTRAQ-labeled tryptic fragments. A random effects model of meta-analysis was developed to combine the results from multip... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702500 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702499&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F7%2F325%3Frss%3D1 There is currently much interest in clinical applications of therapeutic hypothermia. Hypothermia can be a consequence of hypometabolism. We have recently established a procedure for the induction of a reversible deep hypometabolic state in mice using 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) in conjunction with moderate ambient temperature. The current study aims at investigating the impact of this technology at the gene expression level in a major metabolic organ, the liver. Our findings reveal that expression levels of the majority of genes in liver are not significantly altered by deep hypometabolism. However, among those affected by hypometabolism, more genes are differentially upregulated than downregulated both in a deep hypometabolic state and in the early arousal state. These altered ge... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702499 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702498&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F7%2F317%3Frss%3D1 The mechanisms for provisioning maternal resources to offspring in placental mammals involve complex interactions between maternally regulated and fetally regulated gene networks in the placenta, a tissue that is derived from the zygote and therefore of fetal origin. Here we describe a novel use of an embryo transfer system in mice to identify gene networks in the placenta that are regulated by the mother. Mouse embryos from the same strain of inbred mice were transferred into a surrogate mother either of the same strain or from a different strain, allowing maternal and fetal effects on the placenta to be separated. After correction for sex and litter size, maternal strain overrode fetal strain as the key determinant of fetal weight (P < 0.0001). Computational filtering of the placental... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702498 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651053&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F6%2F308%3Frss%3D1 The molecular mechanisms underlying rumen epithelial adaption to high-grain (HG) diets are unknown. To gain insight into the metabolic mechanisms governing epithelial adaptation, mature nonlactating dairy cattle (n = 4) were transitioned from a high-forage diet (HF, 0% grain) to an HG diet (65% grain). After the cattle were fed the HG diet for 3 wk, they returned to the original HF diet, which they were fed for an additional 3 wk. Continuous ruminal pH, ruminal short chain fatty acids, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate were measured on a weekly basis, and rumen papillae were biopsied from the ventral sac to assess alterations in mRNA expression profiles. The subacute form of ruminal acidosis was diagnosed during the first week of the HG period (4.6 ± 1.6 h/day <pH 5.6), but not d... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651053 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651052&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F6%2F295%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to analyze global gene expression profiles of adipose tissue in dogs, fed a high-fat diet, during the transition from a lean to obese phenotype. Nine female beagles (4.09 ± 0.64 yr; 8.48 ± 0.35 kg) were randomized to ad libitum feeding or body weight maintenance. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy, blood, and dual x-ray absorptiometry measurements were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 wk of feeding. Serum was analyzed for glucose, insulin, fructosamine, triglycerides, free fatty acids, adiponectin, and leptin. Formalin-fixed adipose tissue was used for determination of adipocyte size. Adipose RNA samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Canine 2.0 microarrays. Statistical analysis, using repeated-measures ANOVA, showed ad libitum feeding increased... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651052 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651051&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F6%2F286%3Frss%3D1 The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), known for its roles in cardiovascular, metabolic, and developmental regulation, is present in both the circulation and in many individual tissues throughout the body. Substantial evidence supports the existence of a brain RAS, though quantification and localization of brain renin have been hampered by its low expression levels. We and others have previously determined that there are two isoforms of renin expressed in the brain. The classical isoform encoding secreted renin (sREN) and a novel isoform encoding intracellular renin (icREN), the product of an alternative promoter and first exon (exon 1b). The differential role that these two isoforms play in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation remains unclear. Here we examined the physiological consequenc... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651051 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4651050&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F6%2F271%3Frss%3D1 The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the lactating mammary cell is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to use proteomics to relate temporal changes in mammary cell mitochondrial function during lactation to changes in the proteins that make up this organelle. The hypothesis tested was that changes in mammary cell mitochondrial biogenesis and function during lactation would be accounted for by coordinated changes in the proteins of the electron transport chain and that some of these proteins might be linked by their expression patterns to PPARGC1α and AMP kinase. The mitochondrial proteome was studied along with markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in mammary tissue collected from mice over the course of a single prolonged lactation cycle. M... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4651050 Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4651050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4599273&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F5%2F265%3Frss%3D1 In central osmoregulation, a 1–2% rise in plasma osmolality is detected by specialized osmoreceptors located in the circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus. A disturbance in this tightly regulated balance will result in either hyponatremia or hypernatremia, which are both common electrolyte disorders in hospitalized patients. Despite the high clinical importance of hypo- and hypernatremia and the fact that this vital process has been studied for many years, the genes and corresponding proteins involved in this process are just beginning to be identified. To identify novel genes involved in the (patho-)physiology of osmoregulation, we therefore employed haplotype association mapping on an aging group of 27 inbred mouse strains. Serum sodium concentrations were determined in all s... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4599273 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4599273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4599272&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F5%2F255%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, MCT and LDH isoforms have distinct expression patterns in two breast cancer cell lines. These differences may contribute to divergent lactate dynamics and oxidative capacities in these cells, and offer possibilities for targeting cancer cells. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4599272 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4599272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4599271&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F5%2F237%3Frss%3D1 The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is divided into several segments that have distinct functional properties, largely absorptive. The gastric corpus is the only segment thought of as largely secretory. Microarray hybridization of the gastric corpus mucosal epithelial cells was used to compare gene expression with other segments of the columnar GI tract followed by statistical data subtraction to identify genes selectively expressed by the rat gastric corpus mucosa. This provides a means of identifying less obvious specific functions of the corpus in addition to its secretion-related genes. For example, important properties found by this GI tract comparative transcriptome reflect the energy demand of acid secretion, a role in lipid metabolism, the large variety of resident neuroendocrine cells... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4599271 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4599271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4516115&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F4%2F228%3Frss%3D1 Quantifying target mRNA using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction requires an accurate normalization method. Determination of normalization factors (NFs) based on validated reference genes according to their relative stability is currently the best standard method in most usual situations. This method controls for technical errors, but its physiological relevance requires constant NF values for a fixed weight of tissue. In the functional overload model, the increase in the total RNA concentration must be considered in determining the NF values. Here, we pointed out a limitation of the classical geNorm-derived normalization. geNorm software selected reference genes despite that the NF values extensively varied under experiment. Only the NF values calculate... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4516115 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4516115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4516114&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F4%2F213%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that in skeletal muscle cells, COUP-TFII regulates several nuclear hormone receptors, and critical metabolic and muscle specific genes. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4516114 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4516114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4516113&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F4%2F199%3Frss%3D1 The regulation of body weight and composition is complex, simultaneously affected by genetic architecture, the environment, and their interactions. We sought to analyze the complex phenotypic relationships between voluntary exercise, food consumption, and changes in body weight and composition and simultaneously localize quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits. A large (n = 815) murine advanced intercross line (G4) was created from a reciprocal cross between a high-running line and the inbred strain C57BL/6J. Body weight and composition (% fat, % lean) were measured at 4, 6, and 8 wk of age. After measurements at 8 wk of age, mice were given access to running wheels, during which food consumption was quantified and after which body weight and composition were assessed to eva... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4516113 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4516113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4516112&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F4%2F188%3Frss%3D1 Murine placentation is associated with the invasion of maternal endometrium by trophoblasts and an extensive maternal and fetal angiogenesis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is transiently produced by spongiotrophoblasts and trophoblast giant cells at 10.5–11.5 days postcoitum (dpc). Knowing the key contribution of PAI-1 in the regulation of angiogenesis, we have now analyzed the consequence of PAI-1 deficiency on murine placentation. Morphological and quantitative computer-assisted image analysis revealed abnormal placental morphology in PAI-1–/– mice at 10.5 and 12.5 dpc. At 10.5 dpc, the genetic ablation of PAI-1 resulted in a transient reduction of both maternal and fetal vascularizations in the placenta and increased trophoblast cell density. This was assoc... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4516112 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4516112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4516111&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F43%2F4%2F187%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4516111 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4516111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463384&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F174%3Frss%3D1 We examined morphology and function of plasma cells in wild-type and Mist1–/– mice and found subtle differences in ER structure but no overall defect in plasma cell function, suggesting that Mist1 may function redundantly in plasma cells. We next reasoned that MIST1 might be useful as a novel and reliable marker of plasma cells. We found that MIST1 specifically labeled normal plasma cells in mouse and human tissues, and, moreover, its expression was also characteristic of plasma cell differentiation in a cohort of 12 human plasma cell neoplasms. Overall, our results show that MIST1 is enriched upon plasma cell differentiation as a part of a genetic program facilitating secretory cell function and also that MIST1 is a novel marker of normal and neoplastic plasma cells in mouse a... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463384 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463383&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F161%3Frss%3D1 To gain molecular insight into kidney function, we performed a high-resolution quantitative analysis of gene expression in glomeruli and nine different nephron segments dissected from mouse kidney using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). We also developed dedicated bioinformatics tools and databases to annotate mRNA tags as transcripts. Over 800,000 mRNA SAGE tags were sequenced corresponding to >20,000 different mRNA tags present at least twice in at least one library. Hierarchical clustering analysis of tags demonstrated similarities between the three anatomical subsegments of the proximal tubule, between the cortical and medullary segments of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, and between the three segments constituting the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron segments... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463383 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463382&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F148%3Frss%3D1 Endothelin (ET)-1 plays an important pathophysiological role in several vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Transgenic mice overexpressing human preproET-1 selectively in the endothelium (eET-1) exhibit vascular injury in the absence of blood pressure elevation. ET-1 overexpression may induce vascular injury by inducing changes in gene expression. To understand mechanisms whereby ET-1 induces vascular damage, vascular gene expression profiling was performed using DNA microarrays. RNA from mesenteric arteries of male and female young (6–7 wk) and mature (6–8 mo) eET-1 and wild-type (WT) mice was isolated, and changes in gene expression were determined by genome-wide expression profiling using Illumina microarray and FlexArray software. Data were analyze... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463382 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463381&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F136%3Frss%3D1 Both iron deficiency and iron excess are detrimental in many organisms, and previous studies in both mice and humans suggest that genetic variation may influence iron status in mammals. However, these genetic factors are not well defined. To address this issue, we measured basal liver iron levels in 18 inbred strains of mice of both sexes on a defined iron diet and found ~4-fold variation in liver iron in males (lowest 153 µg/g, highest 661 µg/g) and ~3-fold variation in females (lowest 222 µg/g, highest 658 µg/g). We carried out a genome-wide association mapping to identify haplotypes underlying differences in liver iron and three other related traits (copper and zinc liver levels, and plasma diferric transferrin levels) in a subset of 14 inbred strains for which g... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463381 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463380&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F121%3Frss%3D1 Liver-specific ablation of cytochrome P450 reductase in mice (LCN) results in hepatic steatosis that can progress to steatohepatitis characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. The specific cause of the fatty liver phenotype is poorly understood but is hypothesized to result from elevated expression of genes encoding fatty acid synthetic genes. Since expression of these genes is known to be suppressed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, we performed physiological and genomics studies to evaluate the effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids (PUFA) or arachidonic and decosahexaenoic acids (HUFA) on the hepatic phenotypes of control and LCN mice by comparison with a diet enriched in saturated fatty acids. The dietary interventions with HUFA reduced the fatty liver phenotype in livers... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463380 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463379&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F110%3Frss%3D1 We describe a novel strategy, using large-scale gene expression profiling, to develop a gene expression signature (GES) that reflects the overall state of insulin resistance in cells and patients. The GES was developed from 3T3-L1 adipocytes that were made "insulin resistant" by treatment with tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and then reversed with aspirin and troglitazone ("resensitized"). The GES consisted of five genes whose expression levels best discriminated between the insulin-resistant and insulin-resensitized states. We then used this GES to screen a compound library for agents that affected the GES genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a way that most closely resembled the changes seen when insulin resistance was successfully reversed with aspirin and troglitazone. This screen identified bo... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463379 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463378&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F3%2F103%3Frss%3D1 The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR2) genotypes are related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A low level of cardiorespiratory fitness is also a strong determining factor in the development of MetS. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the influence of the interaction between the PPAR2 genotype and cardiorespiratory fitness on the risk of MetS. Healthy Japanese men (n = 211) and women (n = 505) participated in this study. All subjects were divided into 8 groups according to sex, fitness level (high and low fitness groups), and age (younger, age < 40 yr; middle-aged/older, age ≥ 40 yr). The PPAR2 genotypes (Pro12Ala and C1431T) were analyzed by real-time PCR with Taq-Man probes. Two-way ANCOVA with adjustment for age as a covaria... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463378 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463377&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F43%2F3%2F101%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463377 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4463376&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F43%2F3%2F99%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4463376 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4463376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4454254&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F2%2F87%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, we have identified a "proangiogenic" gene expression profile in a lamb model of CHD with increased PBF that precedes onset of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our data indicate that FGF2, Angpt2, Birc5, and ccl2 may play important roles in the angiogenic response. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4454254 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4454254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4454253&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F2%2F77%3Frss%3D1 In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESs) were differentiated toward MSCs (ES-MSCs) to compare the genetic patterns between pluripotent hESs and multipotent MSCs by a large genomewide expression profiling of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs). After whole genome differential transcriptomic analysis, a stringent protocol was used to search for genes differentially expressed between hESs and ES-MSCs, followed by several validation steps to identify the genes most specifically linked to the MSC phenotype. A network was obtained that encompassed 74 genes in 13 interconnected transcriptional systems that are likely to contribute to MSC identity. Pairs of negatively correlated miRNAs and mRNAs, which suggest miRNA-target relationships, were then extracted and validation was sought with the use ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4454253 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4454253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4454252&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F2%2F69%3Frss%3D1 The infrequently feeding Burmese python (Python molurus) experiences significant and rapid postprandial cardiac hypertrophy followed by regression as digestion is completed. To begin to explore the molecular mechanisms of this response, we have sequenced and assembled the fasted and postfed Burmese python heart transcriptomes with Illumina technology using the chicken (Gallus gallus) genome as a reference. In addition, we have used RNA-seq analysis to identify differences in the expression of biological processes and signaling pathways between fasted, 1 day postfed (DPF), and 3 DPF hearts. Out of a combined transcriptome of ~2,800 mRNAs, 464 genes were differentially expressed. Genes showing differential expression at 1 DPF compared with fasted were enriched for biological processes involv... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4454252 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4454252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4376427&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhwmaint.physiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F2%2F87%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, we have identified a "proangiogenic" gene expression profile in a lamb model of CHD with increased PBF that precedes onset of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our data indicate that FGF2, Angpt2, Birc5, and ccl2 may play important roles in the angiogenic response. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4376427 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4376427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4376426&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhwmaint.physiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F2%2F77%3Frss%3D1 In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESs) were differentiated toward MSCs (ES-MSCs) to compare the genetic patterns between pluripotent hESs and multipotent MSCs by a large genomewide expression profiling of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs). After whole genome differential transcriptomic analysis, a stringent protocol was used to search for genes differentially expressed between hESs and ES-MSCs, followed by several validation steps to identify the genes most specifically linked to the MSC phenotype. A network was obtained that encompassed 74 genes in 13 interconnected transcriptional systems that are likely to contribute to MSC identity. Pairs of negatively correlated miRNAs and mRNAs, which suggest miRNA-target relationships, were then extracted and validation was sought with the use ... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4376426 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4376426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4376425&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhwmaint.physiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F2%2F69%3Frss%3D1 The infrequently feeding Burmese python (Python molurus) experiences significant and rapid postprandial cardiac hypertrophy followed by regression as digestion is completed. To begin to explore the molecular mechanisms of this response, we have sequenced and assembled the fasted and postfed Burmese python heart transcriptomes with Illumina technology using the chicken (Gallus gallus) genome as a reference. In addition, we have used RNA-seq analysis to identify differences in the expression of biological processes and signaling pathways between fasted, 1 day postfed (DPF), and 3 DPF hearts. Out of a combined transcriptome of ~2,800 mRNAs, 464 genes were differentially expressed. Genes showing differential expression at 1 DPF compared with fasted were enriched for biological processes involv... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4376425 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4376425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4454260&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F1%2F57%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated genes central to processes of retinoid uptake and storage, release to plasma, and oxidation in the liver of rats under steady-state conditions after different exposures to dietary vitamin A (deficient, marginal, adequate, and supplemented) and acutely after administration of a therapeutic dose of all-trans-RA. Over a very wide range of dietary vitamin A, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) as well as multiple cytochrome P-450s (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP2C22) differed by diet and were highly correlated with one another and with vitamin A status assessed by liver retinol concentration (all correlations, P < 0.05). After acute treatment with RA, the same genes were rapidly and concomitantly induced, preceding retinoic acid receptor (RAR)β, a classical direc... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4454260 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4454260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4454259&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F1%2F43%3Frss%3D1 This study provides a comprehensive view of DSS colitis changes in colon gene expression and identifies common molecules with clinical specimens that are interesting targets for further investigation. (Source: Physiological Genomics) Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4454259 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4454259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4454258&cid=s_33710_50_f&fid=33710&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysiolgenomics.physiology.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F43%2F1%2F32%3Frss%3D1 This study tested the hypothesis that AVR/NAVR modulates urinary concentrating ability, blood pressure, and cognitive performance in vivo in a sex-specific manner. We developed a C57BL/6 inbred AVR/NAVR–/– knockout mouse that showed lower blood pressure in both male and female subjects and a urinary-concentrating defect restricted to male mice. We also detected sex-specific effects on cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors. AVR/NAVR–/– male mice exhibited impaired visuospatial and associative learning, while female mice showed improved performance in both type of cognition. AVR/NAVR deficiency produced an anxiolytic-like effect in female mice, while males were unaffected. Analysis of AVR- and NAVR-mediated phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of signaling proteins reveal... Physiological Genomics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4454258 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4454258