MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Prevention Science' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:32:18 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5661482&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2773r817j73v1j33%2F Abstract  To test whether baseline levels of the factors accountable for the impact of the Prevention of Alcohol use in Students (PAS) intervention (self-control, perceived rules about alcohol and parental attitudes about alcohol), moderate the effect of the intervention. A cluster randomized trial including 3,490 Dutch early adolescents (M age = 12.66, SD = 0.49) and their parents randomized over four conditions: 1) parent intervention, 2) student intervention, 3) combined intervention and 4) control group. Moderators at baseline were used to examine the differential effects of the interventions on onset of (heavy) weekly drinking at 34-month follow-up. The combined intervention was only effective in preventing weekly drinking among those adolescents who reported to... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5661482 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:43 +0100 5661482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5640051&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxj2047571t862076%2F Abstract  The degree to which parent antisocial characteristics moderated the effects of the Oregon model of Parent Management Training (PMTO™) on observed parenting practices over 2 years after baseline was assessed in a sample of recently married biological mother and stepfather couples with at-risk children. Sixty-seven of the 110 participating families were randomly assigned to PMTO, and 43 families to a non-intervention condition. Using an intent-to-treat analysis, PMTO was reliably related to growth in positive parenting and to decreases in coercive parenting. Parent antisocial characteristics moderated the effect of PMTO on coercive but not on positive parenting practices. PMTO resulted in greater reductions in coercive parenting as parent antisocial histories... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5640051 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:09:34 +0100 5640051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5612449&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F08668266r6712331%2F Abstract  Person mobility is an inescapable fact of life for most cluster-randomized (e.g., schools, hospitals, clinic, cities, state) cohort prevention trials. Mobility rates are an important substantive consideration in estimating the effects of an intervention. In cluster-randomized trials, mobility rates are often correlated with ethnicity, poverty and other variables associated with disparity. This raises the possibility that estimated intervention effects may generalize to only the least mobile segments of a population and, thus, create a threat to external validity. Such mobility can also create threats to the internal validity of conclusions from randomized trials. Researchers must decide how to deal with persons who leave study clusters during a trial (dropouts), p... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5612449 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:07:55 +0100 5612449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600369&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx815247744741410%2F Abstract  With technological advances, collection of intensive longitudinal data (ILD), such as ecological momentary assessments, becomes more widespread in prevention science. In ILD studies, researchers are often interested in the effects of time-varying covariates (TVCs) on a time-varying outcome to discover correlates and triggers of target behaviors (e.g., how momentary changes in affect relate to momentary smoking urges). Traditional analytical methods, however, impose important constraints, assuming a constant effect of the TVC on the outcome. In the current paper, we describe a time-varying effect model (TVEM) and its applications to data collected as part of a smoking-cessation study. Differentiating between groups of short-term successful quitters (N = 207) and... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600369 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 16:50:42 +0100 5600369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586512&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1746543214656h6%2F Abstract  This paper examines the effectiveness of a group-based universal parent training program as a strategy to improve parenting practices and prevent child problem behavior. In a dissemination trial, 56 schools were first selected through a stratified sampling procedure, and then randomly allocated to treatment conditions. 819 parents of year 1 primary school children in 28 schools were offered Triple P. 856 families in 28 schools were allocated to the control condition. Teacher, primary caregiver and child self-report data were collected at baseline, post, and two follow-up assessments. Analyses were constrained to highly adherent parents who completed all four units of the parenting program. A propensity score matching approach was used to compare parents fully expo... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586512 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:35 +0100 5586512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5563177&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F875r110704732511%2F Abstract  Adolescent friendship groups are often heterogeneous and thus involve exposure to both deviant and nondeviant influences. This longitudinal study examined whether the addition of nondeviant peer influences in early high school protected against the negative socialization effects of deviant affiliation on both concurrent and future smoking, alcohol problems, and depressive symptomatology. Adolescents (9th and 10th grade students, N = 1,128) completed self-report questionnaires at both a baseline and 24-month assessment. Nondeviant affiliation consistently reduced the effects of deviant influences on smoking and alcohol problems but not on depressive symptoms. Findings reinforce the complexity of adolescent friendship influences and the notion that distinct mecha... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5563177 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:10:55 +0100 5563177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5539921&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5261782573533616%2F This article describes the initial efficacy evaluation of a companion psychosocial small group program which aims at addressing the needs of Mexican heritage students identified by their teachers as being at higher risk for substance use or already experimenting with alcohol and other drugs. The adolescent (7th grade) small group curricula, REAL Groups, is a secondary prevention program which supplements the primary classroom-based substance use prevention program, keepin’ it REAL. Following a mutual aid approach, a total of 109 7th grade students were referred by their teachers and participated in the REAL Groups. The remaining 252 7th grade students who did not participate served as the control group. To account for biased selection into REAL Groups, propensity score matching (PSM)... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5539921 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 12:50:53 +0100 5539921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5528205&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy516733374812038%2F Abstract  Adolescent sexual risk-taking is common and often occurs under the influence of alcohol. Although alcohol use emerges in early adolescence, there is little empirical research examining whether growth in alcohol use during this developmental period predicts later risky sexual behavior. Such information could provide a critical opportunity for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted teenage pregnancies. The current study examined alcohol use as a developmental mediator of the relationship between conduct problems, impulsivity, poverty, race and menarche assessed at age 11, and sexual risk-taking among girls at age 16. The sample comprised 499 participants of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (57.7% African American and 42.3% European American) interv... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5528205 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 16:53:28 +0100 5528205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5479298&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0857r3k733308u16%2F Abstract  While injuries are a leading health concern for Aboriginal populations, injury rates and types vary substantially across bands. The uniqueness of Aboriginal communities highlights the importance of collecting community-level injury surveillance data to assist with identifying local injury patterns, setting priorities for action and evaluating programs. Secwepemc First Nations communities in British Columbia, Canada, implemented the Injury Surveillance Project using the Aboriginal Community-Centered Injury Surveillance System. This paper presents findings from a community-based participatory process evaluation of the Injury Surveillance Project. Qualitative data collection methods were informed by OCAP (Ownership, Control, Access, and Possession) principles and inc... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5479298 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:09:18 +0100 5479298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5461045&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk0l102x40r541737%2F This study addresses two limitations in the literature on family-centered intervention programs for adolescents: ruling out nonspecific factors that may explain program effects and engaging parents into prevention programs. The Rural African American Families Health project is a randomized, attention-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of the Strong African American Families–Teen (SAAF–T) program, a family-centered risk-reduction intervention for rural African American adolescents. Rural African American families (n = 502) with a 10th-grade student were assigned randomly to receive SAAF–T or a similarly structured, family-centered program that focused on health and nutrition. Families participated in audio computer-assisted self-interviews at baseline and 6-month follo... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5461045 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 16:51:34 +0100 5461045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5443940&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6146270806136053%2F Abstract  This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system, a public health approach to reducing risk, enhancing protection, and reducing the prevalence of adolescent health and behavior problems community wide. The analysis is based on outcomes from a panel of students followed from Grade 5 through Grade 8 in a randomized controlled trial involving 24 communities in 7 states. Previous analyses have shown that CTC prevented the initiation of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and delinquency by the end of 8th grade in CTC communities compared to controls. This paper estimates long-term monetary benefits associated with significant intervention effects on cigarette smoking and delinquency as compared to the cost of conducting the ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5443940 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:59:56 +0100 5443940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5391797&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F70114871892171x4%2F This study examines peer resistance skills following a 21-lesson classroom-based intervention to build healthy relationships and decrease abusive and health-risk behaviors among adolescents. The Fourth R instructs students in positive relationship skills, such as negotiation and delay, for navigating challenging peer and dating scenarios. Observational data from 196 grade 9 students participating in a larger cluster randomized controlled trial were used to evaluate post-intervention acquisition of peer resistance skills. Pairs of students engaged in a role play paradigm with older student actors, where they were subjected to increasing pressure to comply with peer requests related to drugs and alcohol, bullying, and sexual behavior. Specific and global measures of change in peer resis... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5391797 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 15:45:08 +0100 5391797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5339375&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjm17244355r2768m%2F Conclusion  Unhealthy behaviors cluster together irrespective of chronic disease status. Such findings suggest that multi-behavioral intervention strategies can be similar in those with and without chronic disease. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0255-0Authors Mariane Héroux, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division Street Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3 N6Ian Janssen, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division Street Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3 N6Duck-chul Lee, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USAXuemei Sui, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USAJames R. Hebert, Epidemiology and Biostatistics... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5339375 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 05:48:24 +0100 5339375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317789&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu2n46545125r0t2m%2F Abstract  This longitudinal study reports on the development and evaluation of a narrative intervention aimed at increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among college women. The prevention of HPV is a public health priority due to its pervasiveness and relationship to cervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Pilot work utilizing culture-centric narrative theory guided development of the intervention content. Exemplification theory led to hypotheses comparing communication sources of the narrative messages (peer only, medical expert only, or a combination of the two source types) in a four-arm randomized controlled trial (N = 404; 18–26 year olds). The combined peer-expert narrative intervention nearly doubled vacc... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317789 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 16:32:33 +0100 5317789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5307086&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F978ll13518p08185%2F Abstract  A substantial challenge in improving public health is how to facilitate the local adoption of evidence-based interventions (EBIs). To do so, an important step is to build local stakeholders’ knowledge and decision-making skills regarding the adoption and implementation of EBIs. One EBI delivery system, called PROSPER (PROmoting School-community-university Partnerships to Enhance Resilience), has effectively mobilized community prevention efforts, implemented prevention programming with quality, and consequently decreased youth substance abuse. While these results are encouraging, another objective is to increase local stakeholder knowledge of best practices for adoption, implementation and evaluation of EBIs. Using a mixed methods approach, we assessed local sta... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5307086 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 15:05:28 +0100 5307086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5307085&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh62j186325373567%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to examine the pathways that link mothers’ early life socio economic status (SES) and mothers’ experience of childhood maltreatment with birth weight among their later born offspring. Data were drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of school-aged respondents, initially enrolled during adolescence in Wave I (1994–1995) and Wave II (1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and followed-up in adulthood in Wave III (2001–2002). Data on offspring birth weight were obtained from nulliparous females (N = 1,897) who had given birth between Waves II and III. Analyses used structural equation modeling to examine the extent to which early life maternal risk predicted offspring birth weight, and de... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5307085 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 15:05:28 +0100 5307085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298783&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg2020n2455653165%2F Abstract  Test (a) whether a dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program that reduces thin-ideal internalization mitigates the effects of risk factors for eating disorder onset and (b) whether the risk factors moderate the effects of this intervention on risk for eating disorder onset, to place the effects of this intervention within the context of established risk factors. Female adolescents (N = 481) with body image concerns were randomized to the dissonance-based program, healthy weight control program, expressive writing control condition, or assessment-only control condition. Denial of costs of pursuing the thin-ideal was the most potent risk factor for eating disorder onset during the 3-year follow-up (OR = 5.0). The dissonance program mitigated the eff... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298783 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 05:49:58 +0100 5298783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5277182&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh555412446024j17%2F The objective of the present research was to examine the contribution of two intervention components, social skills training and problem solving training, to alcohol- and drug-related outcomes in a school-based substance use prevention program. Participants included 341 Spanish students from age 12 to 15 who received the prevention program Saluda in one of four experimental conditions: full program, social skills condition, problem solving condition, and a wait-list control group. Students completed self-report surveys at the pretest, posttest and 12-month follow-up assessments. Compared to the wait-list control group, the three intervention conditions produced reductions in alcohol use and intentions to use other substances. The intervention effect size for alcohol use was greatest i... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5277182 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:53:16 +0100 5277182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5253831&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmu331675m686m55k%2F Abstract  The current study involved an examination of the impact of a peer-led substance use intervention program on the peer leaders beyond the substance use-related goals of the intervention. Specifically, unintended consequences of an adult-sanctioned intervention on the targeted peer leader change agents were investigated, including whether their participation affected their peer status, social influence, or self perceptions. Twenty-two 7th grade peer-identified intervention leaders were compared to 22 control leaders (who did not experience the intervention) and 146 cohort peers. Three groups of measures were employed: sociometric and behavioral nominations, social cognitive mapping, and leadership self-perceptions. Results indicated that unintended consequences appea... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5253831 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:53:21 +0100 5253831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5253832&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl228161574q864g0%2F In this study, longitudinal data from mothers who participated in a randomized clinical trial of a home-visitation, child maltreatment prevention program (N = 262) were examined to determine whether risk for harsh parenting differed among mothers who identified themselves as Spanish-speaking Latinas (n = 64), English-speaking Latinas (n = 102), or non-Latina Caucasians (n = 96). The majority of the participants were first-time mothers (58.4%), and the average age of all participants was 23.55 years (SD = 6.04). At the time of their infants’ births, the Spanish-speaking Latina mothers demonstrated higher SES risk, whereas the English-speaking Latina and non-Latina Caucasian mothers demonstrated higher psychosocial risk. Three years later, the English-speaking... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5253832 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:53:19 +0100 5253832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5253833&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9815581117m49k4w%2F Abstract  Research suggests that high school students who participate in sports may be at elevated risk for alcohol use compared to their non-athlete peers; however, reasons for this association are unclear. Alcohol expectancy theory posits that individuals who expect favorable outcomes to occur because of alcohol use are more likely to drink than those who do not endorse such beliefs. As such, the present study was designed to examine the associations of alcohol expectancy outcomes and valuations (i.e., beliefs about whether an outcome is good or bad), as well as alcohol expectancies related to sports functioning (e.g., alcohol’s effects on one’s ability to learn new plays and recover physically from sporting activities), with risky drinking among high school athletes.... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5253833 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 05:49:36 +0100 5253833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5241582&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn63gl66ln7740706%2F This study examined how parenting and family characteristics targeted in a selective prevention program mediated effects on key youth proximal outcomes related to violence perpetration. The selective intervention was evaluated within the context of a multi-site trial involving random assignment of 37 schools to four conditions: a universal intervention composed of a student social-cognitive curriculum and teacher training, a selective family-focused intervention with a subset of high-risk students, a condition combining these two interventions, and a no-intervention control condition. Two cohorts of sixth-grade students (total N = 1,062) exhibiting high levels of aggression and social influence were the sample for this study. Analyses of pre-post change compared to controls using... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5241582 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:40:50 +0100 5241582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5213164&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft2741x4275mpwr13%2F This study of youth smoking onset aims to replicate previously published media moderation effects for race/ethnicity in a national longitudinal multiethnic sample of U.S. adolescents. Previous research has demonstrated that associations between media and smoking during adolescence are greater for Whites than Hispanics or Blacks, and for youth living in non-smoking families. In this study, changes in smoking status over 24 months were assessed among 4,511 baseline never-smokers. The incidence of smoking onset was 14.3% by 24 months with no differences by race/ethnicity. Blacks had higher exposure to movie smoking and overall television viewing compared with Whites and Hispanics. Whites responded to movie smoking regardless of parent smoking but more strongly if their parents... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5213164 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:55:01 +0100 5213164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5171827&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm8v61h6016518426%2F Abstract  Marijuana is the most prevalent illicit drug used by adolescents and young adults, yet marijuana initiation is rarely studied past adolescence. The present study sought to advance our understanding of parent and peer influences on marijuana exposure opportunity and incident use during college. A sample of 1,253 students was assessed annually for 4 years starting with the summer prior to college entry. More than one-third (38%wt) of students had already used marijuana at least once prior to college entry; another 25%wt initiated use after starting college. Of the 360 students who did not use marijuana prior to college, 74% were offered marijuana during college; of these individuals, 54% initiated marijuana use. Both low levels of parental monitoring during the last ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5171827 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 15:48:30 +0100 5171827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149860&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj462l97438857782%2F Abstract  Pregnant mothers in South African townships face multiple health risks for themselves and their babies. Existing clinic-based services face barriers to access, utilization, and human resource capacities. Home visiting by community health workers (CHW) can mitigate such barriers. The Philani Plus (+) Intervention Program builds upon the original Philani CHW home-visiting intervention program for maternal and child nutrition by integrating content and activities to address HIV, alcohol, and mental health. Pregnant Mothers at Risk (MAR) for HIV, alcohol, and/or nutrition problems in 24 neighborhoods in townships in Cape Town, South Africa (n = 1,239) were randomly assigned by neighborhood to an intervention (Philani Plus (+), N = 12 neighborhoods; n = 645 ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149860 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 05:48:29 +0100 5149860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149861&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe84232874447485x%2F This study concluded that drug use among motor vehicle drivers increases the risk of MVCs that require hospitalization. From a public health perspective, the high risk ratios are concerning, and preventive measures are warranted. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0242-5Authors Ching-Cheng Hou, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liouying Campus, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, TaiwanShou-Chien Chen, Department of Family Medicine, Wei Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, TaiwanLia-Beng Tan, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanWen-Yang Chu, Accident and Emergency Department, Chien-Yu General Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanChen-Mao Huang, Accident and Emergency Department, Chiali General Hospital, Tainan, TaiwanShyun-Yeu L... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149861 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 06:09:13 +0100 5149861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5134536&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx88846121g515j01%2F This study examined the efficacy of a brief (four session) intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention program (Building a Lasting Love, Langhinrichsen-Rohling et al. 2005) that was designed to reduce the relationship violence of predominantly African American inner-city adolescent girls (n = 72) who were receiving teen pregnancy services. These high-risk girls were randomly assigned to the prevention program (n = 39) or waitlist control (n = 33) conditions. Implementation fidelity was documented. As predicted, girls who successfully completed the program (n = 24) reported significant reductions in their perpetration of psychological abuse toward their baby’s father as compared to the control (n = 23) participants. They also reported experiencing significantly less s... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5134536 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 06:07:40 +0100 5134536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5121805&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdn84q83138616x04%2F Abstract  Adherence to physical activity and dietary interventions is a common challenge. Interventions that use group cohesion strategies show promise for increasing adherence, but have not been tested among women of color. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dimensions of group cohesion mediate the association between intervention condition and attendance within a community physical activity program for women of color. African American and Hispanic or Latina women (N = 310) completed measurements at baseline and post-intervention and participated in a social cohesion intervention to improve physical activity and dietary habits. Women were assigned to a physical activity or fruit and vegetable intervention group. Social and task cohesion was measured usin... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5121805 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 19:53:39 +0100 5121805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104342&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk012k42r685753ql%2F Abstract  The development and testing of culturally competent interventions relies on the recruitment and retention of ethnic minority populations. Minority immigrants are a population of keen interest given their widespread growth, needs, and contributions to communities in which they settle, and particularly recent immigrants from Mexico and Central and South American countries. However, recruitment and retention strategies for entirely immigrant samples are rarely discussed in the literature. The current article describes lessons learned from two family-focused longitudinal prevention research studies of Latino immigrants in Oregon—the Adolescent Latino Acculturation Study (ALAS) and the Latino Youth and Family Empowerment Project-II (LYFE-II). Social, legal, economic,... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104342 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:58:13 +0100 5104342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5059119&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh1115851l83721r6%2F Abstract  Historically, the political context of partner physical aggression policy and research has focused on protection of physically victimized women and mandated interventions for male batterers. This emphasis is understandable when one considers the injuries and deaths of women by men. However, physical aggression against partners among teens is a very different phenomenon than battering. Intimate partner violence (IPV) in the form of physical aggression, the focus of this review, often starts in junior high school, and approximately 35% of male and female senior high school students report engaging in IPV. The specific trajectory of IPV varies by sample, but IPV appears to decrease in the late teens or early 20s. IPV is generally reported by both males and females, a... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5059119 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:07:53 +0100 5059119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5059120&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft270t7455332j105%2F Abstract  Economic evaluations of primary prevention physical activity programs have gained importance because of scarce resources in health-care-systems. A concept for economic evaluation should be based on the efficacy of physical activity, the standard methods of economic evaluation and the aims of public health. Previous publications have examined only parts of these components and have not developed a comprehensive conceptual framework; it is the objective of this article to develop such a framework. The derived method should aid decision makers and staff members of intervention programs in reviewing and conducting an economic evaluation. A literature search of articles was done using six electronic databases. Referenced works for standard methods and more comprehensiv... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5059120 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:38:12 +0100 5059120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5059121&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff6174n1w76011362%2F This article used a prospective design with 519 girls dating in grade 9 to predict profiles of dating violence in grade 11 based on relationships with families of origin (child maltreatment experiences, harsh parenting), and peers (harassment, delinquency, relational aggression). In addition, dating violence profiles were compared on numerous indices of adjustment (school connectedness, grades, self-efficacy and community connectedness) and maladjustment (suicide attempts, distress, delinquency, sexual behavior) for descriptive purposes. The most common profile was no dating violence (n = 367) followed by mutual violence (n = 81). Smaller numbers of girls reported victimization or perpetration only (ns = 39 and 32, respectively). Predicting grade 11 dating violence profile... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5059121 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 06:41:48 +0100 5059121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043765&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8265h1k18u4x77nr%2F Abstract  In this paper, we report on the development and dissemination of a preventive intervention, Families OverComing Under Stress (FOCUS), an eight-session family-centered intervention for families facing the impact of wartime deployments. Specific attention is given to the challenges of rapidly deploying a prevention program across diverse sites, as well as to key elements of implementation success. FOCUS, developed by a UCLA-Harvard team, was disseminated through a large-scale demonstration project funded by the United States Bureau of Navy Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) beginning in 2008 at 7 installations and expanding to 14 installations by 2010. Data are presented to describe the range of services offered, as well as initial intervention outcomes. It proved possibl... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043765 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 16:50:33 +0100 5043765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5032651&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc8874w6q52p6rl30%2F Abstract  The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of “evidence-based” program uptake and implementation. The process of integrating Triple P (levels 2 and 3) into existing family support centers in Alberta, Canada, was examined. We conducted ten individual interviews with directors, and ten group interviews, involving a total of 62 practitioners across ten Triple P pilot sites. Key findings show that there was variability in the approach and extent to which Triple P was integrated into family support centers. Five key factors impacting the integration process emerged from the interviews. These were: (1) the level of development of pre-existing support services; (2) the degree of “fit” between the Triple P program approach and existing agency practice, i... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5032651 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 06:18:00 +0100 5032651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013258&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F340516n453106124%2F Abstract  Major depression is a consequential public health problem in the United States. Depression has long been recognized as an important target of intervention in psychology and psychiatry, but these fields have focused efforts primarily on treatment rather than prevention. Although effective preventive interventions targeting high-risk groups have been developed, they have thus far had poor reach and sustainability in the community. The development of sustainable preventive interventions that have the potential to impact population health represents a critical goal for the field. To this end, a research agenda incorporating the perspectives of both mental health disciplines and public health is proposed as a guide for future depression prevention research. Increased i... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013258 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 05:56:13 +0100 5013258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5002358&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq4l8643573n34515%2F Abstract  A majority of school-based prevention programs target the modification of setting-level social dynamics, either explicitly (e.g., by changing schools’ organizational, cultural or instructional systems that influence children’s relationships), or implicitly (e.g., by altering behavioral norms designed to influence children’s social affiliations and interactions). Yet, in outcome analyses of these programs, the rich and complicated set of peer network dynamics is often reduced to an aggregation of individual characteristics or assessed with methods that do not account for the interdependencies of network data. In this paper, we present concepts and analytic methods from the field of social network analysis and illustrate their great value to prevention science... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5002358 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 16:20:40 +0100 5002358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4995073&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8887q3887678215h%2F This study tests whether intimate violence (IPV) between partners contributes independently to the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior, using the Children in the Community Study, a representative sample (N = 821) followed for over 25 years in 6 assessments. The present study includes a subsample of parents (N = 678) and their offspring (N = 396). We test the role of three mechanisms by which IPV may influence child antisocial behavior—parental psychopathology, parenting practices, and child self-regulation. Results suggest that IPV independently increased the risk for offspring externalizing problems, net of the effects of parental history of antisocial behavior and family violence. IPV also increased the risk for parental post traumatic stress dis... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4995073 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 09:39:17 +0100 4995073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4995075&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnn584278881643l7%2F Abstract  As little research has examined factors influencing increased and heavy drinking behavior among American sojourners abroad, this study was designed to examine how acculturation orientations (i.e., separation versus assimilation), host country per capita drinking rates, and perceptions about the drinking behavior among other sojourners and natives in the host country predicted alcohol risk abroad. A sample of 216 American college students completing study abroad programs completed a pre-abroad questionnaire to document their pre-abroad drinking levels, followed by a post-return questionnaire to assess drinking while abroad, acculturation orientations and perceived norms of drinking behavior within the foreign environment. A dichotomous variable was created to compa... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4995075 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 09:39:16 +0100 4995075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4995074&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7qq0374713h4541k%2F Abstract  The effects of a school-based social-emotional and character development program, Positive Action, on the developmental trajectory of social-emotional and character-related behaviors was evaluated using data from three school-based randomized trials in elementary schools. Results come from 1) 4 years of data from students in 20 Hawai’i schools, 2) 3 years of data from students in 14 schools in Chicago and 3) 3 years of data from students in 8 schools in a southeastern state. Random intercept, multilevel, growth-curve analyses showed that students in both control and Positive Action schools exhibited a general decline in the number of positive behaviors associated with social-emotional and character development that were endorsed. However, the Positi... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4995074 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 09:39:16 +0100 4995074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4948305&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm072228411084625%2F Abstract  Public health interventions are cost-effective methods to reduce heart disease. The present study investigated the impact of a low-cost priming technique on a public health campaign targeting cardiovascular risk. Participants were 415 individuals (66% female) ages 18 and older recruited through clinics and churches. The study consisted of three phases. In Phase I, participants completed a brief survey to assess knowledge of the cardiovascular health indicators. The survey served as the prime (intervention) for the study. At Phase II, participants were provided with access to a public health campaign consisting of an education brochure on cardiovascular health. Following the educational campaign, all participants completed a post-campaign survey in Phase III of the... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4948305 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 05:52:28 +0100 4948305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4948306&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff18u994766886603%2F This report describes three studies from the nationwide Norwegian implementation of Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO™), an empirically supported treatment for families of children with behavior problems (Forgatch and Patterson 2010). Separate stages of the implementation were evaluated using a fidelity measure based on direct observation of intervention sessions. Study 1 assessed growth in fidelity observed early, mid, and late in the training of a group of practitioners. We hypothesized increased fidelity and decreased variability in practice. Study 2 evaluated method fidelity over the course of three generations of practitioners trained in PMTO. Generation 1 (G1) was trained by the PMTO developer/purveyors; Generation 2 (G2) was trained by selected G1 Norwegian trai... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4948306 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 05:59:48 +0100 4948306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4941216&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fck337h7128704422%2F Abstract   Alcohol-specific communication, a direct conversation between an adult and an adolescent regarding alcohol use, contains messages about alcohol relayed from the adult to the child. The current study examined the construct of alcohol-specific communication and the effect of messages on adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Parent-adolescent dyads were assessed biannually for 3 years (grades 9–11 at wave 6) to examine these relations in a large longitudinal study of adolescents initially in grades 6 through 8. An exploratory factor analysis identified two factors among alcohol-specific communication items, permissive messages and negative alcohol messages. Results showed previous level of adolescent alcohol use moderated the relation betwee... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4941216 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 06:37:56 +0100 4941216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4941217&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4564458j53025761%2F Abstract  This paper describes findings from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a randomized controlled trial of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system, on the adoption and implementation fidelity of science-based prevention programming in 24 communities. Data were collected using the Community Resource Documentation (CRD), which entailed a multi-tiered sampling process and phone and web-based surveys with directors of community-based agencies and coalitions, school principals, service providers, and teachers. Four years after the initiation of the CTC prevention system, the results indicated increased use of tested, effective prevention programs in the 12 CTC intervention communities compared to the 12 control communities, and significant differences ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4941217 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 06:37:55 +0100 4941217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4916489&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F38k5nlm3t22354j8%2F Abstract  Studies have shown that some sociodemographic factors, such as marital status, employment status or social class, can affect mental health in different ways for each gender. However, up until now, few research projects have tried to ascertain if the role that reproductive work or psychosocial factors play in mental health is different for men and women. The aim of this study is to assess the differences between men and women in terms of how reproductive work, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors are linked to psychological distress in Spain. A cross-sectional study of 29,478 male and female adults using data gathered for the Spanish National Health Survey 2006 was carried out. Psychological distress was measured using the GHQ-12. The independent variables ana... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4916489 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 05:46:55 +0100 4916489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907287&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F10415w8060m7x0l5%2F Abstract  Food insufficiency is associated with medication non-adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS. The current study examines the relationship between hunger and medication adherence in a US urban and peri-urban sample of people living with HIV/AIDS. Men (N = 133) and women (N = 46) living with HIV/AIDS were recruited using snowball sampling and small media in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants completed computerized behavioral interviews that included measures of demographics, food insufficiency, social support, depression, and substance use, and provided blood specimens to determine HIV viral load. Participants also completed monthly unannounced pill counts to prospectively monitor medication adherence over 8 months. Results indicated that 45% of participants ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907287 Mon, 23 May 2011 17:02:37 +0100 4907287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4835613&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh737281717557021%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0219-4Authors Steve Aos, Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Olympia, WA, USAThomas D. Cook, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USADelbert S. Elliott, Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USADenise C. Gottfredson, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USAJ. David Hawkins, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAMark W. Lipsey, Peabody Research Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USAPatrick Tolan, Center for Positive Youth Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4835613 Sat, 14 May 2011 15:53:00 +0100 4835613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4835614&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn365044628q76111%2F This article discusses sound methods for conducting subgroup analyses to detect moderators. Multiple authors have argued that, to assess whether a treatment effect varies across subgroups defined by patient characteristics, analyses should be based on tests for interaction rather than treatment comparisons within the subgroups. We discuss the concept of heterogeneity and its dependence on the metric used to describe treatment effects. We discuss issues of multiple comparisons related to subgroup analyses and the importance of considering multiplicity in the interpretation of results. We also discuss the types of questions that would lead to subgroup analyses and how different scientific goals may affect the study at the design stage. Finally, we discuss subgroup analyses based on pos... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4835614 Wed, 11 May 2011 15:48:05 +0100 4835614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808631&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2437800571273232%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0220-yAuthors Jeffrey C. Valentine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USAAnthony Biglan, Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USARobert F. Boruch, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USAFelipe González Castro, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USALinda M. Collins, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USABrian R. Flay, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USASheppard Kellam, American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, USAEve K. Mościcki, American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, Arlington, VA, USASteven P. Schinke, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808631 Fri, 06 May 2011 16:18:50 +0100 4808631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791880&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmw0886725402827h%2F Abstract  Replication research is essential for the advancement of any scientific field. In this paper, we argue that prevention science will be better positioned to help improve public health if (a) more replications are conducted; (b) those replications are systematic, thoughtful, and conducted with full knowledge of the trials that have preceded them; and (c) state-of-the art techniques are used to summarize the body of evidence on the effects of the interventions. Under real-world demands it is often not feasible to wait for multiple replications to accumulate before making decisions about intervention adoption. To help individuals and agencies make better decisions about intervention utility, we outline strategies that can be used to help understand the likely directio... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791880 Tue, 03 May 2011 19:46:23 +0100 4791880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4785063&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F055576r511mr326m%2F Abstract  Perinatal depression is a prevalent and detrimental condition. Determining modifiable factors associated with it would identify opportunities for prevention. This paper: 1) identifies depressive symptom trajectories and heterogeneity in those trajectories during pregnancy through the first-year postpartum, and 2) examines the association between unintended pregnancy and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms (BDI-II) were collected from low-income Hispanic immigrants (n=215) five times from early pregnancy to 12-months postpartum. The sample was at high-risk for perinatal depression and recruited from two prenatal care settings. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms over the perinatal period. Multinomial l... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4785063 Mon, 02 May 2011 14:59:03 +0100 4785063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4785064&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnv17g7k671412840%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0218-5Authors William B. Hansen, Tanglewood Research, 420-A Gallimore Dairy Road, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4785064 Mon, 02 May 2011 14:59:02 +0100 4785064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4769273&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flhl62p719q860696%2F Abstract  We examine the impact of two universal preventive interventions in first grade on the growth of aggressive/disruptive behavior in grades 1–3 and 6–12 through the application of a latent transition growth mixture model (LT-GMM). Both the classroom-centered and family-centered interventions were designed to reduce the risk for later conduct problems by enhancing the child behavior management practices of teachers and parents, respectively. We first modeled growth trajectories in each of the two time periods with separate GMMs. We then associated latent trajectory classes of aggressive/disruptive behavior across the two time periods using a transition model for the corresponding latent class variables. Subsequently, we tested whether the interventions had direct ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4769273 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 16:43:15 +0100 4769273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728563&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0861r062xp3m5807%2F Abstract  Perceived message effectiveness is often used as a diagnostic tool to determine whether a health message is likely to be successful or needs modification before use in an intervention. Yet, published research on the antecedents of perceived effectiveness is scarce and, consequently, little is known about why a message is perceived to be effective or ineffective. The present study’s aim was to identify and test the affective antecedents of perceived effectiveness of antidrug television messages in a sample of 190 adolescents in the 15–19 year age range. Factor-analytical tests of retrospective message evaluation items suggested two dimensions of perceived effectiveness, one that contained items such as convincingness whereas the other contained pleasantnes... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728563 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 15:49:34 +0100 4728563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4728564&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg620651251127087%2F We examined the hypothesis that family, peer and neighborhood violence would moderate relations between heavy alcohol use and adolescent dating violence perpetration such that relations would be stronger for teens in violent contexts. Random coefficients growth models were used to examine the main and interaction effects of heavy alcohol use and four measures of violence (family violence, friend dating violence, friend peer violence and neighborhood violence) on levels of physical dating violence perpetration across grades 8 through 12. The effects of heavy alcohol use on dating violence tended to diminish over time and were stronger in the spring than in the fall semesters. Consistent with hypotheses, across all grades, relations between heavy alcohol use and dating violence were st... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4728564 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 17:00:29 +0100 4728564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4694392&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84w1244582853053%2F Abstract  Girls in foster care have been shown to be at risk for emotional and behavioral problems, especially during the preadolescent and adolescent years. Based on these findings and on the lack of research-based preventive interventions for such youths, the current study examined the impact of an intervention targeting the prevention of internalizing and externalizing problems for girls in foster care prior to middle school entry. Study participants included 100 girls in state-supported foster homes who were randomly assigned to an intervention condition or to a control condition (foster care services as usual). The intervention girls were hypothesized to have fewer internalizing problems, fewer externalizing problems, and more prosocial behavior at 6-months post-baseli... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4694392 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 17:09:40 +0100 4694392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647719&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh86517702vq52xp7%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of child and adolescent anxiety prevention programs. Mean weighted effect sizes were calculated, and studies were encoded for potential moderator variables. A statistically significant effect size of .18 was obtained at post-intervention, which is consistent with effect sizes reported in reviews of depression, eating disorder, and substance abuse prevention programs. However, the effect sizes obtained at follow-up yielded mixed results. Significant moderators of program effectiveness were found including provider type (professional versus lay provider) and the use of the FRIENDS program. In contrast, program duration, participant age, gender, and program type (universal versus tar... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647719 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:48:39 +0100 4647719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4628737&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1864248315kk1560%2F This article focuses on conceptualizing and examining causal effect moderation in longitudinal settings in which both treatment and the putative moderators are time-varying. Studying effect moderation in the time-varying setting helps identify which individuals will benefit more or less from additional treatment services on the basis of both individual characteristics and their evolving outcomes, symptoms, severity, and need. Examining effect moderation in these longitudinal settings, however, is difficult because moderators of future treatment may themselves be affected by prior treatment (for example, future moderators may be mediators of prior treatment). This article introduces moderated intermediate causal effects in the time-varying setting, describes how they are part of Robin... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4628737 Mon, 21 Mar 2011 19:03:51 +0100 4628737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563032&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw36q0602425185r3%2F The objective of the present study was to address these limitations by longitudinally and prospectively examining whether and how age of initiation of smoking among adolescents predicts cigarette consumption by age 16 or 17. Participants completed an in-class survey every 6 months for 2–3 school years. Participants included 395 adolescents (Mean age = 14 years at baseline; 53.2% female) from two public high schools in Northern California (Schools A and B) who completed self-report measures of smoking initiation, number of friends who smoke, and number of whole cigarettes smoked by the final survey time point. Adolescents who were older when they first smoked one whole cigarette were 5.3 to 14.6 times more likely in School A and 2.9 to 4.3 times more likely in School B to ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563032 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 17:02:23 +0100 4563032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563033&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhw758427l8257612%2F This study furthers the understanding of the differences between off- and on-premises alcohol sales outlets and offers options for increasing and tailoring environmental prevention efforts to specific settings. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0203-zAuthors Matthew Chinman, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208, USAQ Burkhart, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208, USAPatricia Ebener, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208, USACha-Chi Fan, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208, USAPamela Imm, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USAKaren Chan Osilla, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208, USASusan M. Paddock, RAND Corpor... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563033 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 10:46:39 +0100 4563033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563034&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4204837q0331h153%2F Abstract  Early-onset aggressive behavior is known for its negative developmental consequences, and the associated high costs for families, the health care system and wider society. Although the origins of aggressive behavior are to be found in early childhood, the costs incurred by aggressive behavior of young children have not been studied extensively. The present study aimed to investigate whether preschool children with a high level of aggressive behavior already differ in the generated amount of costs and impact on family functioning from children with lower levels of aggressive behavior. A population-based sample of 317 preschool children was divided into four groups with different levels of aggression (moderate, borderline, clinical). Parents filled out questionnaire... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563034 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 08:46:33 +0100 4563034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537919&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft8665g0736103358%2F We present a broad class of analytic models to examine moderation effects across trials that can be used to assess their overall effect and explain sources of heterogeneity, and present ways to disentangle differences across trials due to individual differences, contextual level differences, intervention, and trial design. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11121-011-0207-8Authors C. Hendricks Brown, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USAZili Sloboda, JBS International, Rockville, MD USAFabrizio Faggiano, Avogadro University, Novara, ItalyBrent Teasdale, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USAFerdinand Keller, University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyGregor Burkhart, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, PortugalFederica Vi... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537919 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:44:55 +0100 4537919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537920&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa826286370610036%2F Abstract  The Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) Study is a population-based, longitudinal study that enrolled 3,636 youth from Minnesota and 605 youth from comparison states ages 12 to 16 years in 2000–2001. Participants have been surveyed by telephone semi-annually about their tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. The goals of the study are to evaluate the effects of the Minnesota Youth Tobacco Prevention Initiative and its shutdown on youth smoking patterns, and to better define the patterns of development of tobacco use in adolescents. A multilevel sample was constructed representing individuals, local jurisdictions and the entire state, and data are collected to characterize each of these levels. This paper presents the details of the multilevel stu... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537920 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:44:53 +0100 4537920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537921&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhxlu845t7t157323%2F We examined whether schools achieving better than expected educational outcomes for their students influence the risk of drug use and delinquency among urban, racial/ethnic minority youth. Adolescents (n = 2,621), who were primarily African American and Hispanic and enrolled in Chicago public schools (n = 61), completed surveys in 6th (aged 12) and 8th (aged 14) grades. Value-added education was derived from standardized residuals of regression equations predicting school-level academic achievement and attendance from students’ sociodemographic profiles and defined as having higher academic achievement and attendance than that expected given the sociodemographic profile of the schools’ student composition. Multilevel logistic regression estimated the effects of value-added ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537921 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:44:51 +0100 4537921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4486174&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj51n18740t477244%2F Abstract  The overall goal of this study is to introduce latent class analysis (LCA) as an alternative approach to latent subgroup analysis. Traditionally, subgroup analysis aims to determine whether individuals respond differently to a treatment based on one or more measured characteristics. LCA provides a way to identify a small set of underlying subgroups characterized by multiple dimensions which could, in turn, be used to examine differential treatment effects. This approach can help to address methodological challenges that arise in subgroup analysis, including a high Type I error rate, low statistical power, and limitations in examining higher-order interactions. An empirical example draws on N = 1,900 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescen... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4486174 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 07:09:23 +0100 4486174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467488&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpp7587741168j807%2F Abstract  The present study examined the stability of young men’s intimate partner violence (IPV) over a 12-year period as a function of relationship continuity or discontinuity. Multiwave measures of IPV (physical and psychological aggression) were obtained from 184 men at risk for delinquency and their women partners. The effects of relationship continuity versus transitions on change in IPV were examined using multilevel analyses. In general, men’s IPV decreased over time. Men’s physical aggression in their early 20s predicted levels of physical aggression about 7 years later, and men’s psychological aggression in their early 20s predicted levels of psychological aggression about 10–12 years later. As hypothesized, higher stability in IPV was found fo... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467488 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 19:58:04 +0100 4467488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440129&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr3x814779k082376%2F Abstract  This paper described the short-term results from an ongoing randomized controlled efficacy study of Click City®: Tobacco, a tobacco prevention program designed for 5th graders, with a booster in sixth grade. Click City®: Tobacco is an innovative school-based prevention program delivered via an intranet, a series of linked computers with a single server. The components of the program target theoretically based and empirically supported etiological mechanisms predictive of future willingness and intentions to use tobacco and initiation of tobacco use. Each component was designed to change one or more etiological mechanisms and was empirically evaluated in the laboratory prior to inclusion in the program. Short-term results from 47 elementary schools (24 schools who ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440129 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 08:48:36 +0100 4440129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4426325&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F405725n02233l716%2F Abstract  This paper examines strategies for interpreting and reporting estimates of intervention effects for subgroups of a study sample. The paper considers: why and how subgroup findings are important for applied research, alternative ways to define subgroups, different research questions that motivate subgroup analyses, the importance of pre-specifying subgroups before analyses are conducted, the importance of using existing theory and prior research to distinguish between subgroups for whom study findings are confirmatory (hypothesis testing) as opposed to exploratory (hypothesis generating), and the conditions under which study findings should be considered confirmatory. Each issue is illustrated by selected empirical examples. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4426325 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 20:42:42 +0100 4426325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4426324&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc217417313547808%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s11121-010-0199-9Authors Courtney N. Baker, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USADavid H. Arnold, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USASusan Meagher, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4426324 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 20:42:42 +0100 4426324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4426327&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff662035040w182q3%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of initiating methamphetamine injection among a cohort of injection drug users (IDU). We conducted a longitudinal analysis of IDU participating in a prospective study between June 2001 and May 2008 in Vancouver, Canada. IDU who had never reported injecting methamphetamine at the study’s commencement were eligible. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify the predictors of initiating methamphetamine injection. The outcome was time to first report of methamphetamine injection. Time-updated independent variables of interest included sociodemographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and social, economic and environmental factors. Of 1317 eligible individuals, the median age was 39.... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4426327 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:39:58 +0100 4426327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4426326&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp5g7830g14x03k64%2F This article reviews the literature on school-based universal violence prevention programs to illustrate key methodological challenges for investigating subgroup differences in prevention effects. The variety of potential moderating factors examined within this literature is discussed within the context of a social-ecological model. Our review of this literature identified the following methodological issues: the need for a clear a priori theoretical basis for selecting potential moderators, inflated Type I error rates that result from large numbers of comparisons, the absence of explicit tests of moderation, interpretive issues arising from a restricted range on moderator variables, the failure to report effect size estimates, the presence of potential confounding factors, and the i... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4426326 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:39:58 +0100 4426326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4416318&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fljl437nx38745452%2F This study assessed the simultaneous impact of the interventions in the 20 U.S. communities. Results indicate that earlier effects of the “Be Under Your Own Influence” intervention replicated only in part and that the most plausible explanation of the weaker effects is high exposure to the similar but more extensive ONDCP “Above the Influence” national campaign. Self-reported exposure to the ONDCP campaign predicted reduced marijuana use, and analyses partially support indirect effects of the two campaigns via aspirations and autonomy. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11121-010-0194-1Authors Michael D. Slater, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USAKathleen J. Kelly, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USAFrank R. Lawrence, The Pennsylvania ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4416318 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 01:07:22 +0100 4416318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4416319&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F46952042x1784567%2F Abstract  The present study examines the impact of the HealthWise South Africa prevention intervention on condom use self-efficacy. Students from the Cape Town area were assessed at the beginning and end of each school year, beginning in the 8th grade and ending in the 11th. The intervention was delivered in 12 lessons during the 8th grade and 6 lessons during the 9th grade. Using three-level multiphase mixed-effects models, we found that HealthWise had a statistically significant positive effect on condom use self-efficacy, although effects differed for boys and girls. HealthWise had an effect during the first phase of the intervention (8th grade) for girls and during the second phase (9th grade) for boys. We speculate that the gender differences occur because the 8th grad... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4416319 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 01:07:21 +0100 4416319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4365914&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr233717010571l0q%2F Abstract  In the interest of improving child maltreatment prevention science, this longitudinal, community based study of 499 mothers and their infants tested the hypothesis that mothers’ childhood history of maltreatment would predict maternal substance use problems, which in turn would predict offspring victimization. Mothers (35% White/non-Latina, 34% Black/non-Latina, 23% Latina, 7% other) were recruited and interviewed during pregnancy, and child protective services records were reviewed for the presence of the participants’ target infants between birth and age 26 months. Mediating pathways were examined through structural equation modeling and tested using the products of the coefficients approach. The mediated pathway from maternal history of sexual abuse to... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4365914 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 06:57:54 +0100 4365914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4340195&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Feu6v21h1562838u8%2F Abstract  Adolescent drinking has an important health and social impact in many countries. In Spain, this behavior often takes place in groups and in open areas (known as “botellón”). The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of excessive drinking among Spanish adolescents and its association with socialization and family factors. A national school survey was conducted in 2006 among 26,454 students aged 14–18 years who were selected by two-stage cluster sampling (schools and classrooms). The questionnaire was self-completed with paper and pencil. The outcomes were: habitual excessive drinking or HED (average consumption ≥30 g/day of alcohol among men, and ≥20 g/day among women), binge drinking (drinking 5 or more standard alcohol units in ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4340195 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 18:04:09 +0100 4340195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4340196&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6u8217pk2l041447%2F Abstract  The full benefit of prevention science will not be realized until we learn how to influence organizational practices. The marketing of tobacco, alcohol, and food and corporate advocacy for economic policies that maintain family poverty are examples of practices we must influence. This paper analyzes the evolution of such practices in terms of their selection by economic consequences. A strategy for addressing these critical risk factors should include: (a) systematic research on the impact of corporate practices on each of the most common and costly psychological and behavior problems; (b) empirical analyses of the consequences that select harmful corporate practices; (c) assessment of the impact of policies that could affect problematic corporate practices; and (... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4340196 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 18:04:08 +0100 4340196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4302654&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F87136w2n004pj881%2F Abstract  Peer-based prevention programs for homeless youth are complicated by the potential for reinforcing high-risk behaviors among participants. The goal of this study is to understand how homeless youth could be linked to positive peers in prevention programming by understanding where in social and physical space positive peers for homeless youth are located, how these ties are associated with substance use, and the role of social networking technologies (e.g., internet and cell phones) in this process. Personal social network data were collected from 136 homeless adolescents in Los Angeles, CA. Respondents reported on composition of their social networks with respect to: home-based peers and parents (accessed via social networking technology; e.g., the internet, cell ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4302654 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 18:04:44 +0100 4302654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229621&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu5377j18q6875527%2F This article presents the findings of a study exploring two questions: What age is most efficacious to expose Mexican heritage youth to drug abuse prevention interventions, and what dosage of the prevention intervention is needed? These issues are relevant to Mexican heritage youth—many from immigrant families—in particular ways due to the acculturation process and other contextual factors. The study utilized growth curve modeling to investigate the trajectory of recent substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, inhalants) among Mexican heritage students (N = 1,670) participating in the keepin’ it REAL drug prevention program at different developmental periods: the elementary school (5th grade), middle school (7th grade), or both. The findings provide no evidence that in... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229621 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 18:15:03 +0100 4229621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4206707&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F617u834863888878%2F Abstract  The principal goal of this article is to contribute to the field of prevention science by providing a sequential description of how Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) was used to develop a parent education curriculum aimed at preventing and decreasing adolescent drug use and risky sexual behaviors. CBPR principles are outlined, and information is provided on the unique contributions of researchers and community members who came together to develop this parent education program. Focus group information is presented as an exemplar to illustrate how thematic content from focus groups was used to inform the development of this parent education curriculum. A step by step description is given to facilitate replication of this process by other prevention resea... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4206707 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 20:19:43 +0100 4206707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141748&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj410k861466j4204%2F This study describes predictors of enrollment and attendance in a behavioral parent training program intended to prevent conduct problems in preschoolers. Information was gathered from 106 preschoolers, their parents, and their teachers. Parent socioeconomic status (SES), single parent status, ethnicity, child externalizing behavior, parent depressive symptoms, and parent social support were investigated as possible predictors of families’ enrollment and attendance. Only 48% of the families that had already provided informed consent and completed demographic questionnaires actually enrolled in the parent training program; parents with lower incomes and lower levels of social support were less likely to enroll. In addition, African-American and Puerto Rican families were less likely... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141748 Fri, 05 Nov 2010 11:16:41 +0100 4141748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4034281&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp006g4608861w2t8%2F Abstract  Considerable evidence indicates that variability in implementation of prevention programs is related to the outcomes achieved by these programs. However, while implementation has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, few studies examine more than a single dimension, and no theoretical framework exists to guide research on the effects of implementation. We seek to address this need by proposing a theoretical model of the relations between the dimensions of implementation and outcomes of prevention programs that can serve to guide future implementation research. In this article, we focus on four dimensions of implementation, which we conceptualize as behaviors of program facilitators (fidelity, quality of delivery, and adaptation) and behaviors of par... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4034281 Sat, 02 Oct 2010 06:05:39 +0100 4034281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3883767&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu8t1t42132l040x6%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-010-0185-2Authors Kimberly L. Henry, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USALinda R. Stanley, Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USARuth W. Edwards, Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USALindsey C. Harkabus, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USALaurie A. Chapin, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3883767 Wed, 18 Aug 2010 17:43:19 +0100 3883767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3819376&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw51126687r81h506%2F This study suggests the success of efforts by the Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools to increase the prevalence of evidence-based curricula, as well as the need to continue to track the prevalence of these curricula in response to any reductions in the Office’s fiscal support for evidence-based drug prevention curricula in the nation’s schools. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-010-0184-3Authors Chris Ringwalt, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 1516 E. Franklin Street, Suite 200 Chapel Hill NC 27514 USAAmy A. Vincus, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 1516 E. Franklin Street, Suite 200 Chapel Hill NC 27514 USASean Hanley, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 1516 E. Franklin Street, Suite 200 Chapel Hill NC 27514 USASusan T. Enne... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3819376 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 17:26:17 +0100 3819376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3693605&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh851241725276635%2F Abstract  Students’ inattention is predictive of reading problems and of non-response to effective reading intervention. In this randomized study, 58 first-grade classrooms located in 30 schools were assigned to a control condition or to one of two intervention conditions. In these last two conditions, peer-tutoring activities were conducted to improve classroom reading instruction. In one of the intervention conditions, the Good Behavior Game was also implemented to maximize students’ attention during reading lessons. Both interventions were effective: peer-tutoring activities helped students improve their reading skills and attention was generally higher when the Good Behavior Game was implemented. Contrary to expectations however, students identified as inattentive a... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3693605 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 16:10:52 +0100 3693605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3669387&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7540356u12815646%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-010-0183-4Authors Sabrina Oesterle, University of Washington Social Development Research Group 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401 Seattle WA 98115 USAJ. David Hawkins, University of Washington Social Development Research Group 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401 Seattle WA 98115 USAAbigail A. Fagan, University of South Carolina Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Columbia SC USARobert D. Abbott, University of Washington College of Education Seattle WA USARichard F. Catalano, University of Washington Social Development Research Group 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401 Seattle WA 98115 USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669387 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 07:27:31 +0100 3669387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3601910&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F704p081603787338%2F This study further highlights the potential for music therapy as an early parenting intervention, and the need for more rigorous evaluations in this field. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-010-0181-6Authors Jan M. Nicholson, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne VIC AustraliaDonna Berthelsen, Queensland University of Technology Centre for Learning Innovation Brisbane QLD AustraliaKate E. Williams, Playground Queensland Sing & Grow Brisbane QLD AustraliaVicky Abad, Playground Queensland Sing & Grow Brisbane QLD Australia Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3601910 Mon, 24 May 2010 16:34:55 +0100 3601910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588084&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn18m271772612117%2F Abstract  Latent growth curve modeling was used to test four hypotheses. First, this study hypothesized that acculturation-related variables (e.g., Mexican-heritage youth’s country of origin, time spent in the U.S., and language preference with family and friends) would be associated with initial levels of perceived discrimination. Guided by general strain theory (GST), this study then posed a second hypothesis: Initial levels of perceived discrimination would be indirectly related to initial levels of substance use through initial levels of acculturation stress. Third, this study hypothesized that changes in perceived discrimination would be indirectly related to changes in substance use through changes in acculturation stress. As a fourth hypothesis, it was postulated t... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588084 Thu, 20 May 2010 14:01:00 +0100 3588084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513706&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fuw247628083200t7%2F Abstract  Genetically informed research on behavioral outcomes holds substantial promise for guiding efforts to enhance the efficacy and effectiveness of preventive interventions, but it also poses considerable challenges given the complexities of the dynamic interplay between genes and environment. This paper introduces a relatively uncommon research design, called microtrials, to provide a means of translating basic research findings into prevention trials, particularly through introducing genetic effects into prevention models. Microtrials are defined as randomized experiments testing the effects of relatively brief and focused environmental manipulations designed to suppress specific risk mechanisms or enhance specific protective mechanisms, but not to bring about full ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513706 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 07:00:53 +0100 3513706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513708&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj2x463k401274254%2F Abstract  Universal community-oriented interventions are an important component in the prevention of youth health and behavior problems. Testing the universality of the effects of an intervention that was designed to be universal is important because it provides information about how the program operates and for whom and under what conditions it is most effective. The present study examined whether the previously established significant effects of the universal, community-based Communities That Care (CTC) prevention program on the prevalence of substance use and the variety of delinquent behaviors held equally for boys and girls and in risk-related subgroups defined by early substance use, early delinquency, and high levels of community-targeted risk at baseline. Interactio... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513708 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 07:00:51 +0100 3513708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513707&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft676k47725151744%2F This study examined the link between bullying victimization and substance use and tested the mediating role of depression in male and female adolescents. Cross-sectional data were collected from a national sample of 1,495 tenth graders who participated in the 2005/06 Health Behaviors in School-aged Children U.S. Survey. Victimization, depression and substance use were all measured as latent variables. Substance use was measured by drinking alcohol, being drunk, smoking cigarettes and using marijuana in the past 30 days. Multiple-group structural equation modeling showed that victimization was linked to substance use in both males and females. Among females, depression was positively associated with both victimization and substance use and mediated the association between the two... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513707 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 07:00:51 +0100 3513707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3481996&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnt11957533155884%2F Abstract  Motivational interviewing is a brief non-confrontational intervention designed to enhance motivation to reduce harmful behavior (Miller and Rollnick 2002). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing as a targeted prevention approach for partner aggression in emerging adulthood. Participants were 50 college dating couples between 18 and 25 years old who reported at least one act of male-to-female physical aggression in their current relationships. After completing a 2-hour assessment session, half of all couples were randomly assigned to a 2-hour individualized motivational feedback session targeting physical aggression and risk factors for aggression. The remaining couples received minimal, non-motivational feedback. Fol... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3481996 Fri, 16 Apr 2010 16:52:29 +0100 3481996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3470213&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F87042733855m5258%2F Abstract  Treatment noncompliance and missing outcomes at posttreatment assessments are common problems in field experiments in naturalistic settings. Although the two complications often occur simultaneously, statistical methods that address both complications have not been routinely considered in data analysis practice in the prevention research field. This paper shows that identification and estimation of causal treatment effects considering both noncompliance and missing outcomes can be relatively easily conducted under various missing data assumptions. We review a few assumptions on missing data in the presence of noncompliance, including the latent ignorability proposed by Frangakis and Rubin (Biometrika 86:365–379, 1999), and show how these assumptions can be used i... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3470213 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 18:02:27 +0100 3470213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3431617&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft0401412g835563l%2F This study assesses the implementation quality of Think Smart, a school-based drug prevention curriculum that was designed to reduce use of harmful legal products (HLPs; e.g., inhalants and over-the-counter drugs), alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among 5th- and 6th-grade students in frontier Alaska. Participating in the study were eight communities that took part in a larger randomized control trial to assess the short-term effects of the Think Smart curriculum. Video-recorded observations of the 12 core and 3 booster lessons were conducted in 20 classrooms. Ninety-five sessions were randomly selected from 228 usable videodiscs, and two pairs of researchers observed each video recording to code level of dosage, adherence to curriculum design, and teachers’ delivery skills. Inter-r... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431617 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 17:02:52 +0100 3431617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3423094&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk0755731171m74h8%2F This study examines how aspects of coalition functioning predict a coalition’s ability to promote high-quality implementation of evidence-based programs (EBPs). The study involved 62 Communities That Care (CTC) coalitions in Pennsylvania measured annually from 2003 to 2007. Findings indicate that the communities with higher levels of poverty and longer existing coalitions are related to lower support for high-quality EBP implementation. Several aspects of coalition functioning—including higher levels of funding; leadership strength; board efficiency; strong internal and external relationships; and fidelity to the CTC model—significantly predicted support for high-quality EBP implementation. Earlier measurements of coalition functioning (2003–2004 and 2005–2006) predicted EB... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3423094 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 17:13:33 +0100 3423094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3397441&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcj06641m0104t678%2F Abstract  The goal of the current study was to examine the combined influence of positive reinforcement processes using a behavioral task measuring risk taking propensity (RTP) and negative reinforcement processes using a behavioral task measuring deficits in distress tolerance (DT) on a range of risk taking behaviors among early adolescents. Participants included a community sample of 230 early adolescents (aged 9–13) who completed two behavioral tasks assessing reinforcement processes as well as reported on past year risk behavior involvement as assessed by items from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System at a baseline and a 1-year follow-up assessment. Data indicated that at the Wave 2 assessment, RTP was positively related to number of risk-taking behaviors in t... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3397441 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 17:50:10 +0100 3397441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3393105&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj286582247066n8n%2F Abstract  Recent findings from developmental neuroscience suggest that the adolescent brain is too immature to exert control over impulsive drives, such as sensation seeking, that increase during adolescence. Using a discounting of delayed reward paradigm, this research examines the ability to delay gratification as a potential source of control over risk-taking tendencies that increase during adolescence. In addition, it explores the role of experience resulting from risk taking as well as future time perspective as contributors to the development of this ability. In a nationally representative sample (n = 900) of young people aged 14–22, a structural equation analysis shows that risk taking as assessed by use of three popular drugs (tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol) i... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3393105 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 05:49:29 +0100 3393105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372472&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc246776n8202373v%2F This study examined factors associated with the predicted and actual post-funding sustainability of evidence-based interventions implemented as part of the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency’s Research-Based Delinquency and Violence Prevention Initiative. Correlates of predicted post-funding sustainability included program staff, overall school support, and school administrator support. Additionally, predicted post-funding sustainability was strongly associated with actual post-funding sustainability. Other correlates of actual post-funding sustainability included financial sustainability planning and aligning the intervention with the goals of the agency/school. Five years post-funding 33% of the interventions were no longer operating, 22% were operating at a reduced... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372472 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 05:32:59 +0100 3372472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3309726&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F038r235804508010%2F Abstract  This paper focuses on the impact of selection bias in the context of extended, community-based prevention trials that attempt to “unpack” intervention effects and analyze mechanisms of change. Relying on dose-response analyses as the most general form of such efforts, this study provides two examples of how selection bias can affect the estimation of treatment effects. In Example 1, we describe an actual intervention in which selection bias was believed to influence the dose-response relation of an adaptive component in a preventive intervention for young children with severe behavior problems. In Example 2, we conduct a series of Monte Carlo simulations to illustrate just how severely selection bias can affect estimates in a dose-response analysis when the fa... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3309726 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 06:53:19 +0100 3309726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3289856&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu7169752476x7221%2F Abstract  A randomized controlled trial, using parent-based intervention (PBI) was designed to reduce the incidence of alcohol-involved sexual victimization among first-year college students. The PBI, adapted from Turrisi et al. (2001), was designed to increase alcohol-specific and general communication between mother and daughter. Female graduating high school seniors and their mothers were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Alcohol PBI (n = 305), Enhanced Alcohol + Sex PBI (n = 218), Control (n = 288) or Unmeasured Control (n = 167). Mothers in the intervention conditions were provided an informational handbook and encouraged to discuss its contents with their daughters prior to college matriculation. Consistent wit... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3289856 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 17:56:43 +0100 3289856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224260&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F85p64043g7m62655%2F Abstract  In response to a gap in gender-sensitive programming for young aggressive girls (5–11) and their families, the SNAP® Girls Connection (GC) was developed in 1996. This multi-systemic intervention is built on a developmental model of risk and protective factors within the girl and her relationships. We evaluated the SNAP® GC using a prospective quasi-experimental design, randomly assigning 80 girls to treatment (N = 45) and waiting-list groups (N = 35) over 2 years. Fifty-five parents completed measures at assessment periods 1, 2 and 3. Results showed significant positive changes on girls’ problem behavior and parenting skills for the treatment versus the waiting-list groups, as well as maintenance of treatment gains. Implications of the findings o... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224260 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:03:54 +0100 3224260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3214870&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv3395070u5716h47%2F Abstract  The present study aimed to (1) determine the long-term effectiveness of Home-Start, a preventive parenting program, and (2) test the hypothesis that changes in maternal sense of competence mediate the program’s effects. Participants were 124 mothers (n = 66 intervention, n = 58 comparison). Four assessments took place during a 1-year period. Latent growth modeling showed that Home-Start enhanced growth in maternal sense of competence and supportive parenting, and led to a decrease in the use of inept discipline. Results of mediational and cross-lagged analyses were consistent with the hypothesized model: Participation in Home-Start was related to the changes in maternal sense of competence, which in turn predicted changes in parenting. The results affirm ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3214870 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 07:05:11 +0100 3214870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3155165&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr3p373520l823164%2F Abstract  Prevention researchers have advocated primary prevention such as vaccination in alternative venues. However, there have been major questions about both the attendance of, and the ability to, vaccinate high-risk individuals in such settings. The current study seeks to assess the feasibility of vaccinating high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) at Gay Pride events. The research questions are: Do gay men who are sampled at Gay Pride events engage in more or less risky behavior than gay men sampled at other venues? Do the gay men who receive hepatitis vaccinations at Gay Pride engage in more or less risky behavior than gay men at Gay Pride who do not receive hepatitis vaccination? Of the 3689 MSM that completed the Field Risk Assessment (FRA), 1095/3689 = 29.68... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3155165 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 17:58:57 +0100 3155165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3106175&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm66pv6411p611328%2F This study utilized repeated daily reports to examine the association between attendance at campus-led alcohol-free programming and alcohol use on specific days while controlling for individuals’ typical rates of use. The current study assessed students’ participation in the LateNight Penn State (LNPS) alcohol-free programming and amount of alcohol use at a daily level, in order to determine whether students consumed less alcohol on days they attended LNPS compared to weekend days they did not attend. First-year college students reported their daily social activity involvement and alcohol use via 14 consecutive daily web-based surveys. Multilevel regression analyses modeled variation in alcohol use on weekend days (N = 3,350) nested within people (N = 689 people, 51% wome... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3106175 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 07:14:36 +0100 3106175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3106176&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv1vr5474m181401j%2F We examined whether the Communities That Care (CTC; Hawkins and Catalano 1992) model had a positive impact on risk/protective factors and academic and behavioral outcomes among adolescents in a quasi-experimental effectiveness study. We conducted a longitudinal study of CTC in Pennsylvania utilizing biannual surveillance data collected through anonymous in-school student surveys. We utilized multilevel models to examine CTC impact on change in risk/protective factors, grades, delinquency, and substance use over time. Youth in CTC communities demonstrated less growth in delinquency, but not substance use, than youth in non-CTC communities. Levels of risk factors increased more slowly, and protective factors and academic performance decreased more slowly, among CTC community grade-coho... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3106176 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 07:14:34 +0100 3106176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3106177&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl072411h2860r61x%2F Abstract  Family and social relationships are important structural supports in Thailand that are likely to influence the health and mental health of persons living with HIV (PLH). Structural equation modeling examined these relationships among 409 PLH in two communities in Thailand. Latent variables were constructed for most outcomes and mediators, with adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, depression, and disclosure represented by single-item indicators. All models controlled for gender, age, and education. Disclosure was significantly and positively associated with ARV adherence, and to both family functioning and social support. Family functioning and social support were significantly related to the PLH’s self-perceptions of health and mental health, as well as be... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3106177 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 07:14:33 +0100 3106177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087799&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd8458x8548g46337%2F Abstract  School-based drug prevention curricula constitute the nation’s most prevalent strategy to prevent adolescent drug use. We evaluated the effects of one such curriculum, Project ALERT, on adolescent substance use. In particular, we sought to determine if a single effect on 30-day alcohol use, noted shortly following the completion of the 2-year program, could be detected 1 year later. We also looked for delayed effects on other outcomes of interest, namely lifetime alcohol use, and 30-day and lifetime use of cigarettes, marijuana, and inhalants. We employed a randomized controlled trial that used school as the unit of assignment. Thirty-four schools with grades 6–8 from 11 states completed the study. Seventy-one Project ALERT instructors taught 11 core less... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087799 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:20:12 +0100 3087799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087800&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc68355v4h12j470q%2F In this study, we linked the intrapersonal dimensions of attitudes, beliefs, and normative concerns to community-level components, appraisal of involvement with the clinical research organization, an entity which operates within a networked structure of community partner agencies, and identification with coalition advocacy aims. Various participatory outcomes were explored including involvement in future HIV vaccine community functions, participation in community promotion of HIV vaccine research, and community mobilization. Three-stage least squares estimates indicated similar findings across three models. Significant effects demonstrate the importance of positive attitudes toward HIV vaccine research, favorable health research beliefs, perceived social support for participation, HI... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087800 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:20:11 +0100 3087800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3042644&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu39n2g511wk5v167%2F This study was conducted to provide nationally representative findings on the prevalence and distribution of concurrent alcohol use or heavier use of alcohol and cigarette smoking among women of childbearing age with accessible health care. For the years 2003–2005, a total of 20,912 women 18–44 years of age who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) reported that during the study period, there was a place where they would usually go for health care when sick or in need of advice about their health. The prevalence and distribution of concurrent alcohol use or heavier use of alcohol and cigarette smoking reported by such women was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the “most often visited health care place” among concurrent u... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3042644 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 17:00:44 +0100 3042644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3021466&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd072220w2670rw25%2F Abstract  It is a widely held view—in both research and policy communities—that desirable effects on delinquency and later offending from early prevention trials will attenuate once they are “scaled-up” or “rolled-out” for wider public use. Some of the main reasons for this include a reduced level of risk, a more heterogeneous population, insufficient service infrastructure, and loss of program fidelity. If attenuation of program effects is not only possible but is highly probable, then the issue for researchers and policymakers should be how to preserve or even enhance effects in moving from efficacy trials to community effectiveness trials to broad-scale dissemination. This paper surveys the knowledge base in an effort to contribute to an improved understandin... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3021466 Sat, 21 Nov 2009 08:52:43 +0100 3021466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2983578&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F764h771147h20677%2F Abstract  Previous research has demonstrated the importance of a variety of factors on the implementation of school-based prevention programs, specifically characteristics of program providers, program structure, school climate, and school and community structure. The current study expands this research by examining the potential relationships between all of these factors and implementation quality in a series of multilevel models. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 3,730 program providers surveyed in 544 schools, it was found that program structure characteristics were of greater importance in the prediction of high quality implementation than were characteristics of the program providers, school climate, and school and community structure. Implications ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2983578 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 18:27:01 +0100 2983578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2937209&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx074257g6v580w82%2F This study tested the effectiveness of a prevention curriculum, All Stars, as implemented in a year-long school-based after school program and provides an independent replication of the effects of All Stars on targeted mediators and problem behaviors using an experimental methodology. Middle school students (N = 447) who registered for the after school program were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition. The sample included approximately equal proportions of males and females, was 70% African American, and 59% of the students received subsidized meals at school. All Stars was delivered with reasonable integrity to the program design, although with lower quality than reported in earlier efficacy trials. However, actual student exposure to the program was lower t... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2937209 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 18:10:29 +0100 2937209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2918508&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd76952556wnlj857%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to explore whether adolescents (N = 10,287) could be classified into homogeneous subgroups based on their protective factors and, if so, whether these constellations of protection differentially relate to adolescents’ lifetime and 30-day alcohol and tobacco use. Latent class analysis with eight protective factors—four internal and four external—were used to identify the underlying latent class structure. Five profiles of protection emerged: Adequate Protection (54%), Adequate External Protection (9%), Adequate Protection with Low Adult Communication (16%), Adequate Protection with Risky Friends (9%), and Inadequate Protection (12%). Lifetime alcohol use was associated with only a modest increase in odds of belonging to the Adeq... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2918508 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 05:58:52 +0100 2918508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2914605&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy801u42v5749gu03%2F Abstract  The transition to parenthood is often associated with a decline in couple relationship adjustment. Couples (n = 71) expecting their first child were randomly assigned to either: (a) Becoming a Parent (BAP), a maternal parenting education program; or (b) Couple CARE for Parents (CCP), a couple relationship and parenting education program. Couples were assessed pre-intervention (last trimester of pregnancy), post-intervention (5 months postpartum), and follow-up (12 months postpartum). Relative to BAP, CCP reduced negative couple communication from pre- to post-intervention, and prevented erosion of relationship adjustment and self-regulation in women but not men from pre-intervention to follow-up. Mean parenting stress reflected positive adjustment to ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2914605 Tue, 20 Oct 2009 16:20:13 +0100 2914605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2897261&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw340u44562mx2777%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0155-8Authors Louise Ann Rohrbach, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention Research 1000 S. Fremont Ave., Unit #8 Alhambra CA 91803 USAMelissa Gunning, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention Research 1000 S. Fremont Ave., Unit #8 Alhambra CA 91803 USAPing Sun, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention Research 1000 S. Fremont Ave., Unit #8 Alhambra CA 91803 USASteve Sussman, University of Southern California Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health, Promotion... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2897261 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 17:08:41 +0100 2897261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2864514&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F474860p510751250%2F We describe the rationale, methodology, and baseline results of a longitudinal randomized trial of Circle of Life conducted among American Indian youth aged 11–15 in a reservation community. The innovative design includes two pre-intervention waves to determine patterns of behavior prior to the intervention that might be associated with a differential impact of the intervention on sexual risk. We used one-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests to test for significant differences between randomized group assignment at each baseline wave and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test significant differences in the rate of change in outcomes by group longitudinally. We present the collaborative and adaptive strategies for consenting, assenting, and data collection methodolo... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2864514 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 18:16:55 +0100 2864514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2841090&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx615p368142n7448%2F Abstract  Little is known about the trajectories over time of classroom teachers’ fidelity to drug prevention curricula. Using the “Concerns-Based Adoption Model” (C-BAM) as a theoretical framework, we hypothesized that teachers’ fidelity would improve with repetition. Participants comprised 23 middle school teachers who videotaped their administration of three entire iterations of the All Stars curriculum. Investigators coded two key curriculum lessons, specifically assessing the proportion of activities of each lesson teachers attempted and whether they omitted, added, or changed prescribed content, or delivered it using new methods. Study findings provided only partial support for the C-BAM model. Considerable variability in teachers’ performance over time was ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2841090 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 14:33:29 +0100 2841090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811367&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fag4330043020208x%2F Abstract  Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially MSM of color, are disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS compared to heterosexuals and Caucasians. Nonetheless, fewer sexual and ethnic minorities participate in prevention interventions for people with HIV. We consider recruitment for Positive Connections, a randomized controlled trial comparing unsafe sex prevention interventions primarily for HIV-positive (HIV+) MSM in six US epicenters. One community-based organization (CBO) in each city recruited adult MSM, particularly men of color and HIV+. Recruitment methods included on-line and print advertising, outreach events, health professionals, and social networks. Data on demographics, HIV status, and recruitment method were collected at registration. We tested for dif... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811367 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 12:37:36 +0100 2811367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811369&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F50hk287mw5057345%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Publisher's ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0145-xAuthors Jing Wang, Institute of Child Health and Human Development Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National 6100 Building Room 7B13 MSC 7510 Bethesda MD 20892-7510 USABruce G. Simons-Morton, Institute of Child Health and Human Development Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National 6100 Building Room 7B13 MSC 7510 Bethesda MD 20892-7510 USATilda Farhat, Institute of Child Health and Human Development Prevention Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National 6100 Building Room 7B13... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811369 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 21:48:43 +0100 2811369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811368&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd134740784312727%2F Abstract  One of the important research issues in the emerging area of research on dissemination of prevention programs relates to the type and extent of training needed by program providers to prepare them to implement effective programs with fidelity. The present paper describes the immediate outcomes of a dissemination and implementation trial of Project Toward No Drug Abuse, an evidence-based prevention program for high school students. A total of 65 high schools in 14 school districts across the USA were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: comprehensive implementation support for teachers, regular workshop training only, or standard care control. The comprehensive intervention was comprised of on-site coaching, web-based support, an... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811368 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 21:48:43 +0100 2811368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2767847&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fml97624q76v0h168%2F This study developed and tested an Internet-based gender-specific drug abuse prevention program for adolescent girls. A sample of seventh, eighth, and ninth grade girls (N = 236) from 42 states and 4 Canadian provinces were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. All girls completed an online pretest battery. Following pretest, intervention girls interacted with a 12-session, Internet-based gender-specific drug prevention program. Girls in both groups completed the measurement battery at posttest and 6-month follow-up. Analysis of posttest scores revealed no differences between groups for 30-day reports of alcohol, marijuana, poly drug use, or total substance use (alcohol and drugs). At 6-month follow-up, between-group effects were found on measures of 30-day alcoho... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2767847 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 06:35:04 +0100 2767847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2736359&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh065542353766x67%2F This study aimed to examine whether coping skills, emotion regulation and alcohol use moderate the relationship between psychological distress and non-suicidal self-injury. Two hundred eighty-nine young adults completed self-report questionnaires assessing the variables of interest. Of the sample, 47.4% reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury. Adaptive coping strategies protected those who were psychologically distressed from severe self-injury. However for those who reported greater distress, this protective effect was negated by heavy alcohol use. Coping skills training may serve to protect young people from self-injury, although those who are severely distressed may also benefit from strategies to limit alcohol use. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0147... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2736359 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 16:58:40 +0100 2736359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2723796&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh42011r153834714%2F We examined the adaptations made by experienced health teachers as they implemented the programs, the elicitation of suggested adaptations to the curricula from student and teacher stakeholders, and the evaluation of the consistency of these suggested adaptations with the core components of the programs. Data sources include extensive classroom observations of curricula delivery and interviews with students, teachers, and program developers. All health teachers made adaptations, primarily with respect to instructional format, integration of real-life experiences into the curriculum, and supplementation with additional resources; pedagogical and class management issues were cited as the rationale for these changes. Students and teachers were equally likely to propose adaptations that ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2723796 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 19:51:02 +0100 2723796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2680509&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx1nr3j538706u847%2F Abstract  The current study employed parallel process and discrete time hazard regressions to examine the interplay among exposure to R-rated movies, sensation seeking, and initiation of alcohol use in a national U.S. sample (N = 6255) of adolescents, ages 10–14, who were followed over four waves spanning 2 years. There was a short-term reciprocal relation between watching R-rated movies and sensation seeking, but over the 2-year observation period, exposure to R-rated movies was associated with increases in sensation seeking and not vice versa. Sensation seeking also moderated the effect of watching R-rated movies on initiation of alcohol consumption such that exposure was associated with greater increases in initiation of alcohol use among low sensation than amo... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2680509 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 21:54:34 +0100 2680509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661782&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu7013q32g2l63782%2F This study examined associations between patterns of alcohol use initiation and progression from age 12 to 14 years and recent cigarette and marijuana use, and violent and delinquent behavior at age 14. The study sample (n = 2,193) was predominantly African American or Hispanic (43% and 37%, respectively) and low-income (68% receiving free, or reduced price, lunch). They completed classroom-based surveys when in 6th–8th grades. Multilevel latent class analyses were used to identify the heterogeneous alcohol use trajectories. Linear and logistic mixed-effects regression was then used to examine the association between these patterns and high-risk behaviors in 8th grade. Five alcohol use trajectories were identified: (1) No Use (63.3%), (2) Onset of Consistently Infrequent Us... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661782 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 18:23:17 +0100 2661782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2636715&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx400408668027u58%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0142-0Authors Mark E. Feinberg, The Pennsylvania State University Prevention Research Center S-109 Henderson Building University Park PA 16802 USAMarni L. Kan, Risk Behavior and Family Research, RTI International P.O. Box 12194 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USAMegan C. Goslin, The Pennsylvania State University Prevention Research Center S-109 Henderson Building University Park PA 16802 USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2636715 Sat, 18 Jul 2009 22:47:41 +0100 2636715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2590259&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F454196gkj7136u7l%2F Abstract  The current study examined socio-demographic variability in adolescent substance use and the mediating roles of maternal knowledge, paternal knowledge and peer substance use. The data were obtained from the United States records (N = 8,795) of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2005/2006 Survey, in grades 6 through 10. The analyses employed multiple indicator multiple cause and structural equation models. Adolescent substance use was measured by frequencies of alcohol use, being drunk, and cigarette and marijuana use in the past month. Peer influence had a direct influence on adolescent substance use. Maternal knowledge had both direct and indirect influences on adolescent substance use through its negative association with substance-using peers, where... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2590259 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 15:43:44 +0100 2590259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482252&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv886pp0767572uxg%2F Abstract  Booster effects have been reported in few prevention and treatment studies. However, as noted by Eyberg et al. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 544–554 (1998), there has been no adequate random-assignment test of booster effects to address the basic question of whether boosters increase effects over initial intervention. The present study addresses this question by randomly assigning 196 families to a booster intervention (SAFEChildren II) and comparing effects 1 year after that intervention with families who had been assigned to the initial intervention only (SAFEChildren I). Both interventions were based in a developmental-ecological framework emphasizing family management of child-rearing and related challenges within an inner-city social ec... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482252 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:21:05 +0100 2482252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2461622&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5g3445187q8p14v6%2F The objective of this research was to examine behavioral patterning in weight behaviors (diet and physical activity), substance use, sexual behavior, stress, and sleep among undergraduate students. Health survey data were collected among undergraduates attending a large, public US university (n = 2,026). Latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous, mutually exclusive “classes” (patterns) of ten leading risk behaviors. Resulting classes differed for males and females. Female classes were defined as: (1) poor lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep), yet low-risk behaviors (e.g., smoking, binge drinking, sexual risk, drunk driving; 40.0% of females), (2) high risk (high substance use, intoxicated sex, drunk driving, poor diet, inadequate sleep) (24.3%), (3) moderate... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2461622 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 09:34:08 +0100 2461622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2461623&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx745247nj8gm563x%2F This study was the first to examine rural youth’s responses to ten television and radio tobacco countermarketing ads aired during a 13-week field campaign conducted in a U.S. Northern Plains state. A post-campaign survey of 391 girls and boys aged 12–17 years and including 58 American Indian youth provided information about their confirmed recall (CR) of the ads; and for recalled ads, their ratings of the ads’ perceived effectiveness (PE). Results were that controlling for age and smoking risk, both American Indian and white girls and boys had the highest CR for the television ad Artery and for the radio ad ABC. Artery shows fatty deposits being squeezed from a deceased smoker’s aorta, and ABC presents a former smoker speaking through his electro-larynx. Among the televisi... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2461623 Thu, 04 Jun 2009 11:24:14 +0100 2461623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2451192&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv6410307660g5526%2F This study examined the relationship between ethnic pride, self-esteem and adolescent intentions to smoke cigarettes and engage in sexual intercourse. It also explored the influence of maternal levels of ethnic pride and self-esteem as indirect predictors of adolescent risk intentions. Middle school youth were randomly selected from six schools in the Bronx, NY. A total of 1,538 adolescents and their mothers were recruited. Mothers completed self-administered questionnaires about self-esteem and ethnic pride. Adolescents completed self-administered questionnaires about their intentions to engage in risk behaviors, as well as items about community connectedness, language spoken at home, self-esteem and ethnic pride. Results suggest that adolescent ethnic pride had protective effects o... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2451192 Thu, 28 May 2009 09:08:08 +0100 2451192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2451193&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl87420730701052q%2F Abstract  This descriptive study examined the distribution of risk factors in a sample that was selected on the basis of existing potential for difficult child behaviors. We inquired into whether exposure to risk factors was distributed equally across different contexts of ethnicity, locality, and child gender. Participants included 731 mother–child dyads recruited from WIC Programs in rural, suburban, and urban localities. Cumulative risk indices were constructed using neighborhood, family, and individual risk factors. The findings generally revealed that African American children and children in urban localities were exposed to higher numbers of risk factors and cumulative risk in relation to other ethnic children and localities. On the other hand, Caucasian children ex... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2451193 Thu, 28 May 2009 09:08:07 +0100 2451193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2430684&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh143jx26727266x5%2F Abstract  Adolescents involved with the criminal justice system engage in high levels of both risky sexual behavior and alcohol use. Yet a strong relationship between the two constructs has not been consistently observed, possibly due to heterogeneity in the data. Regression mixture models were estimated in the current study to address such potential heterogeneity. Criminally-involved adolescents (n = 409) were clustered into latent classes based on patterns of the regression of two measures of risky sexual behavior, condom use and frequency of intercourse, on alcohol use. A three-class solution emerged where alcohol use did not significantly predict either risky sex outcome for approximately 25% of the sample; alcohol use negatively predicted condom use and positively p... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2430684 Thu, 21 May 2009 06:12:40 +0100 2430684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2425812&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl5001t7667u00215%2F This article examines the attitudes of 97 women from the St. Louis City Drug Court who previously participated in an HIV prevention study. Data from the previous study indicated that the women met multiple criteria for vulnerability in research. Federal regulations require that such participants be provided with “additional safeguards.” The survey explored the following questions: (1) What are participants’ attitudes toward commonly proposed additional safeguards for vulnerable participants in research, and (2) Are attitudes toward safeguards related to participants’ previous compliance with an HIV prevention protocol? Preferences regarding safeguards in research were not significantly related to participants’ compliance in the previous study. Most participants wanted resea... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2425812 Tue, 19 May 2009 06:06:23 +0100 2425812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2420607&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0q3024766048892x%2F This study tests for the efficacy of a school-based drug prevention curriculum (Think Smart) that was designed to reduce use of Harmful Legal Products (HLPs, such as inhalants and over-the-counter drugs), alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among fifth- and sixth-grade students in frontier Alaska. The curriculum consisted of 12 core sessions and 3 booster sessions administered 2 to 3 months later, and was an adaptation of the Schinke life skills training curriculum for Native Americans. Fourteen communities, which represented a mixture of Caucasian and Alaska Native populations in various regions of the state, were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. Single items measuring 30-day substance use and multi-item scales measuring the mediators under study were taken... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2420607 Thu, 14 May 2009 06:58:34 +0100 2420607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2367994&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe826u6356137k723%2F This study examined the impact of an adaptive approach to family intervention in public schools on academic outcomes from age 11 to 17. Students were randomly assigned to the three-session Family Check-Up (FCU), which is designed to motivate change in parenting practices by using an assessment-driven approach and strengths-based feedback. All services were voluntary, and approximately 25% of the families engaged in the FCU. Compared with matched controls, adolescents whose parents received the FCU maintained a satisfactory GPA into high school, and intervention engagement was associated with improved attendance. The highest-risk families were the most likely to engage in the family-centered intervention, suggesting the efficacy of integrating supportive services to families in the co... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2367994 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 07:15:35 +0100 2367994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3098825&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh45x6554222v2165%2F This study investigated whether a psycho-educational program with modest dosage (eight sessions), delivered in a universal framework through childbirth education programs and targeting the coparenting relationship would have a positive impact on observed family interaction and child behavior at 6-month follow-up (child age 1 year). One hundred sixty-nine couples, randomized to intervention and control conditions, participated in videotaped family observation tasks at pretest (during pregnancy) and at child age 1 year (2003–2007). Coparenting, parenting, couple relationship, and child self-regulatory behaviors were coded by teams of raters. Intent-to-treat analyses of program effects controlled for age, education, and social desirability. Evidence of significant (p <�... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3098825 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 11:24:06 +0100 3098825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358343&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr45m14842g532434%2F We examined relationships between alcohol-related neighborhood context, protective home and family management practices, and alcohol use among urban, racial/ethnic minority, adolescents. The sample comprised 5,655 youth who were primarily low SES (72%), African American (43%) and Hispanic (29%). Participants completed surveys in 2002–2005 (ages 11–14 years). Items assessed alcohol use, accessibility of alcohol at home and parental family management practices. Neighborhood context measures included: (1) alcohol outlet density; (2) commercial alcohol accessibility; (3) alcohol advertisement exposure; and (4) perceived neighborhood strength, reported by parents and community leaders. Structural equation modeling was used to assess direct and indirect relationships between alcoh... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358343 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 11:24:06 +0100 2358343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358342&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh45x6554222v2165%2F This study investigated whether a psycho-educational program with modest dosage (eight sessions), delivered in a universal framework through childbirth education programs and targeting the coparenting relationship would have a positive impact on observed family interaction and child behavior at 6-month follow-up (child age 1 year). One hundred sixty-nine couples, randomized to intervention and control conditions, participated in videotaped family observation tasks at pretest (during pregnancy) and at child age 1 year (2003–2007). Coparenting, parenting, couple relationship, and child self-regulatory behaviors were coded by teams of raters. Intent-to-treat analyses of program effects controlled for age, education, and social desirability. Evidence of significant (p <�... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358342 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 11:24:06 +0100 2358342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2336652&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F32ph821g15l95821%2F Abstract  South Africa is in the midst of one of the world’s most devastating HIV/AIDS epidemics and there is a well-documented association between violence against women and HIV transmission. Interventions that target men and integrate HIV prevention with gender-based violence prevention may demonstrate synergistic effects. A quasi-experimental field intervention trial was conducted with two communities randomly assigned to receive either: (a) a five session integrated intervention designed to simultaneously reduce gender-based violence (GBV) and HIV risk behaviors (N = 242) or (b) a single 3-hour alcohol and HIV risk reduction session (N = 233). Men were followed for 1-, 3-, and 6-months post intervention with 90% retention. Results indicated that the GBV/HIV int... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2336652 Wed, 08 Apr 2009 08:24:36 +0100 2336652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2279941&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr06835r66r37xu87%2F This study illustrates a method to evaluate mediational mechanisms in a longitudinal prevention trial, the Aban Aya Youth Project (AAYP). In previous studies, interventions of AAYP were found to be effective in reducing the growth of violence, substance use and unsafe sex among African American adolescents. In this article, we hypothesized that the effects of the interventions in reducing the growth of substance use behavior were achieved through their effects in changing intermediate processes such as behavioral intentions, attitudes toward the behavior, estimates of peers’ behaviors, best friends’ behaviors, and peer group pressure. In evaluating these mediational mechanisms, difficulties arise because the growth trajectories of the substance use outcome variable and some of th... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2279941 Sat, 14 Mar 2009 12:13:29 +0100 2279941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2249487&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm15058898nr17657%2F Abstract  Bullying is a problem for schools around the world, and is an important topic for research because it has been associated with negative outcomes on numerous social, psychological, and academic measures. Antibullying prevention and intervention programs have varied greatly in their outcomes, with some studies reporting positive results while others have reported little or no positive impacts. Prompted by accountability demands, many agencies have developed standards with which to assess whether social programs are effective. Antibullying program evaluations have not been systematically reviewed to determine whether these types of standards are being applied. The purpose of this study was to assess the rigor of recent peer-reviewed antibullying program evaluations. ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2249487 Fri, 06 Mar 2009 10:50:39 +0100 2249487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223192&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa7757118r314650m%2F Abstract  This paper examines the effect of a student’s own school adjustment as well as the contextual level of school adjustment (the normative level of school adjustment among students in a school) on students’ self-reported use of alcohol. Using a dataset of 43,465 male and female 8th grade students from 349 schools across the contiguous United States who participated in a national study of substance use in rural communities between 1996 and 2000, multilevel latent covariate models were utilized to disentangle the individual-level and contextual effects of three school adjustment variables (i.e., school bonding, behavior at school, and friend’s school bonding) on alcohol use. All three school adjustment factors were significant predictors of alcohol use both withi... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223192 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 11:43:01 +0100 2223192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223193&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F545w0653105k8395%2F This study sought to empirically evaluate the extent and impact of cross-contamination on the effects of a STI/HIV intervention trial previously shown to be effective in reducing high-risk sexual behaviors among African–American adolescent females. Participants were recruited through community health agencies in the Southeastern United States and comprised 522 sexually active 14- to 18- year-old African–American females who completed self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews at baseline, 6- and 12-month time points. Participants were randomized to a STI/HIV risk reduction group or a general health promotion group. The STI/HIV intervention group participated in four group sessions addressing constructs such as HIV knowledge, communication, condom use self-effica... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223193 Wed, 25 Feb 2009 10:10:40 +0100 2223193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2217130&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff3016101l5p34254%2F Abstract  Substance use outcomes were examined for 351 youth participating in a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a school-based multimodal universal preventive intervention, Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT). Frequency of any use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs was assessed via self-report from grades 5 through 12. Latent variable growth models specified average level, linear growth and accelerated growth. The LIFT intervention had a significant effect on reducing the rate of growth in use of tobacco and illicit drugs, particularly for girls, and had an overall impact on average levels of use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. Average tobacco use reductions were mediated by increases in family problem solving. The ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2217130 Tue, 24 Feb 2009 10:34:29 +0100 2217130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2149801&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4415526640340256%2F Abstract  Clean indoor air (CIA) policies that include free-standing bars and restaurants have been adopted by communities to protect employees in all workplaces from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, most notably employees working in restaurants and free-standing bars. However, due to the perception of negative economic effects on alcohol-licensed hospitality businesses, partial CIA policies (those that provide an exemption for free-standing bars) have been proposed as a means to reduce the risk of economic effects of comprehensive CIA policies applied to all worksites. Bar and restaurant employment per capita were used to determine if partial CIA policies produced differential economic effects compared to comprehensive CIA policies. Ten cities in the state of Minne... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2149801 Fri, 30 Jan 2009 09:24:47 +0100 2149801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141641&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa83757514826m518%2F This study examines the role school factors play in the emergence of poor young adult health outcomes for a low-income, minority sample. The following research questions are addressed. First, what are the education-based predictors of daily tobacco smoking, frequent substance use, depression, and no health insurance coverage? Second, do later-occurring school factors explain the association between earlier school measures and the outcomes and, if so, what pathways account for this mediation effect? Data were derived from the Chicago Longitudinal Study, an investigation of a cohort of 1,539 individuals, born around 1980, who attended kindergarten programs in the Chicago Public Schools. Participants were followed prospectively from early childhood through age 24, and study measures wer... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141641 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 07:52:22 +0100 2141641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2129358&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa737l8k76218j7k2%2F This study is the first to randomize geographical areas and show preventive impact on child maltreatment at a population level using evidence-based parenting interventions. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3Authors Ronald J. Prinz, University of South Carolina Psychology Department Columbia SC 29208 USAMatthew R. Sanders, University of Queensland Brisbane AustraliaCheri J. Shapiro, University of South Carolina Psychology Department Columbia SC 29208 USADaniel J. Whitaker, Georgia State University Atlanta GA USAJohn R. Lutzker, Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA Journal Prevention ScienceOnline ISSN 1573-6695Print ISSN 1389-4986 (Source: Prevention Science) Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2129358 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 11:29:51 +0100 2129358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2061691&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg9xl3t6j20611181%2F Abstract  Research has indicated that the effectiveness of school-based prevention programs is affected by the implementation quality of these programs. As the importance of implementation has become clear, researchers have identified factors that appear to be related to implementation quality, including local program selection and training, integration into school operations, organizational capacity, principal support, and program standardization; however, it is unknown whether the impact of these factors differs by program type. Data from a nationally representative sample of 544 schools are used to create structural equation models representing hypothesized relationships among school and program factors and implementation quality, controlling for exogenous community fact... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2061691 Sun, 21 Dec 2008 08:37:21 +0100 2061691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033831&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhrq0726425626154%2F Abstract  The ease with which programs can be delivered may impact sustainability, fidelity, and ultimately program effectiveness in a dissemination environment. This paper presents results from a study examining the ability of technological enhancements to make it easier for teachers to deliver All Stars, an evidence-based drug prevention program. These enhancements were designed to save time for teachers, produce improvements in quality of delivery, and provide features to increase students’ involvement. Results of a randomized field trial revealed that teachers who used the enhancements found it easier to implement key program components compared to facilitators who taught the program as usual. Teachers in the technology-enhanced condition reduced the time required to ... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033831 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:59:31 +0100 2033831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033830&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa423517322678136%2F This study tested the efficacy of a 12-session parent training program, the Chicago Parent Program (CPP), which was developed in collaboration with African American and Latino parents. Using growth curve modeling, data were analyzed from 253 parents (58.9% African American, 32.8% Latino) of 2–4 year old children enrolled in seven day care centers serving low-income families. Day care centers were matched and randomly assigned to intervention and waiting-list control conditions. At 1-year follow-up, intervention group parents used less corporal punishment and issued fewer commands with their children. Intervention children exhibited fewer behavior problems during observed play and clean-up sessions than controls. Additional group differences were observed when dose was inc... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033830 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:59:31 +0100 2033830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033829&cid=s_36007_36_f&fid=36007&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft2112j1m612875h1%2F Abstract  There are six HIV prevention programs for homeless youth whose efficacy has been or is currently being evaluated: STRIVE, the Community Reinforcement Approach, Strengths-Based Case Management, Ecologically-Based Family Therapy, Street Smart, and AESOP (street outreach access to resources). Programs vary in their underlying framework and theoretical models for understanding homelessness. All programs presume that the youths’ families lack the ability to support their adolescent child. Some programs deemphasize family involvement while others focus on rebuilding connections among family members. The programs either normalize current family conflicts or, alternatively, provide education about the importance of parental monitoring. All programs aim to reduce HIV-rel... Prevention Science journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033829 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:59:31 +0100 2033829