MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Radiation and Environmental Biophysics' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 20:29:31 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638569&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22278290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vávrová J, Sinkorová Z, Rezáčová M, Tichý A, Filip S, Mokrý J, Lukášová E Abstract In the work presented here, changes in haematopoiesis of mice (B6129SF2/J) were studied 1 year after their whole-body exposure to a dose of 7 Gy (72% of mice survived). The irradiated mice were compared with non-irradiated younger (4 months of age) and older (16 months of age) mice. There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of primitive stem cells with long-term capability of the haematopoiesis recovery lin(-)/Sca-1(+)/CD117(+)/CD34(-) in the bone marrow of mice aged 16 months (irradiated and non-irradiated) compared with those aged 4 months. In terms of the ability to respond to further whole-body irradiation at a dose of 1 Gy, the presence of γH2A.X foci... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638569 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638570&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22271404%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heber EM, Kueffer PJ, Lee MW, Hawthorne MF, Garabalino MA, Molinari AJ, Nigg DW, Bauer W, Hughes AM, Pozzi EC, Trivillin VA, Schwint AE Abstract Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combines selective accumulation of (10)B carriers in tumor tissue with subsequent neutron irradiation. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. Optimization of BNCT depends largely on improving boron targeting to tumor cells. Seeking to maximize the potential of BNCT for the treatment for head and neck cancer, the aim of the present study was to perform boron biodistribution studies in the oral cancer model employing two different liposome formulations that were previously tested for a different pathology, i.e., in experimental ma... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638570 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5598756&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22246583%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to estimate radiation risks of leukemia incidence among the Russian cohort of Chernobyl emergency workers, for different time periods after the accident. Twenty-five years after the Chernobyl accident and based on the results of the present study, one can conclude that the radiation risk of leukemia incidence derived from the Russian cohort of Chernobyl emergency workers is similar to that derived from the cohort of atomic bomb survivors: The time-averaged excess relative risk per Gray (ERR Gy(-1)) equals 4.98 for the Russian cohort and 3.9 for the life span study (LSS) cohort; excess absolute risk decreases with time after exposure at an annual rate of 9% for the Russian cohort, and of 6.5% for the LSS cohort. Thus, the excess in risk of leukemia in... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5598756 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5598756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577920&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richardson DB, Cole SR Abstract Epidemiological studies often include numerous covariates, with a variety of possible approaches to control for confounding of the association of primary interest, as well as a variety of possible models for the exposure-response association of interest. Walsh and Kaiser (Radiat Environ Biophys 50:21-35, 2011) advocate a weighted averaging of the models, where the weights are a function of overall model goodness of fit and degrees of freedom. They apply this method to analyses of radiation-leukemia mortality associations among Japanese A-bomb survivors. We caution against such an approach, noting that the proposed model averaging approach prioritizes the inclusion of covariates that are strong predictors of the outcome, but which may be irre... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577920 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577919&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zlobinskaya O, Dollinger G, Michalski D, Hable V, Greubel C, Du G, Multhoff G, Röper B, Molls M, Schmid TE Abstract In particle tumor therapy including beam scanning at accelerators, the dose per voxel is delivered within about 100 ms. In contrast, the new technology of laser plasma acceleration will produce ultimately shorter particle packages that deliver the dose within a nanosecond. Here, possible differences for relative biological effectiveness in creating DNA double-strand breaks in pulsed or continuous irradiation mode are studied. HeLa cells were irradiated with 1 or 5 Gy of 20-MeV protons at the Munich tandem accelerator, either at continuous mode (100 ms), or applying a single pulse of 1-ns duration. Cells were fixed 1 h after 1-Gy irradiation and 24 h af... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577919 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548749&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200731%26dopt%3DAbstract Response to "model averaging in the analysis of leukaemia mortality among Japanese A-bomb survivors" by Richardson and Cole. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2011 Dec 27; Authors: Walsh L, Kaiser JC, Schöllnberger H, Jacob P PMID: 22200731 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548749 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548750&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beyreuther E, Dörr W, Lehnert A, Leßmann E, Pawelke J Abstract Over the past years, several in vitro studies have been performed on DNA damage induced by soft X-rays, especially in the energy range below 50 keV. Radiation effects originating from such low-energy photons are relevant in the context of medical diagnostics, for example, mammography, or of accidental exposure to scattered radiation. The present study was initiated to investigate the X-ray energy-dependent induction of stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations in the human mammary epithelial cell line 184A1. Three colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation was applied to identify chromosomal damage in chromosomes 1, 8 and 17, induced by 10-kV or 25-kV soft X-rays as well as by 200-kV X-rays as a reference q... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548750 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548751&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193911%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe a novel approach to fit Poisson regression models that adjust for a set of covariates through background stratification while directly estimating the radiation-disease association of primary interest. The approach makes use of an expression for the Poisson likelihood that treats the coefficients for stratum-specific indicator variables as 'nuisance' variables and avoids the need to explicitly estimate the coefficients for these stratum-specific parameters. Log-linear models, as well as other general relative rate models, are accommodated. This approach is illustrated using data from the Life Span Study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors and data from a study of underground uranium miners. The point estimate and confidence interval obtained from this 'conditional' regression appr... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548751 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474285&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22130976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roivainen P, Makkonen S, Holopainen T, Juutilainen J Abstract Cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), uranium (U), and zinc (Zn) are among the elements that have radioactive isotopes in radioactive waste. Soil-to-plant transfer is a key process for possible adverse effects if these radionuclides are accidentally released into the environment. The present study aimed at investigating factors affecting such transfer in boreal forest. The plant species studied were blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), May lily (Maianthemum bifolium), narrow buckler fern (Dryopteris carthusiana), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Regression analyses were carried out to investigate the effects of the chemical composition and physical properties of soil on the s... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474285 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379197&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22052077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tuner H, Kayıkçı MA Abstract Effects of gamma radiation on solid sodium tartrate dihydrate (NaTA) were studied using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. One main singlet located at g = 2.0034 and many weak lines located at low and high magnetic field sides were found in the irradiated samples. Dosimetric and kinetic features of the radical species responsible for the experimental ESR spectra were explored through the variations in the signal intensities with respect to applied microwave power, temperature and storage time. Activation energies of the involved radical species were also determined using data derived from annealing studies. PMID: 22052077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379197 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325571&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21997460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gao S, Wu R, Zeng Y Abstract To explore the expression level and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in radiation-induced heart injury in a rat model, thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (the control group, the 15-Gy irradiation group and the 18-Gy irradiation group). Experimental animals were exposed to radiation generated by a linear accelerator at the chest and killed after 3 months. Heart tissues from these animals were removed for Masson staining, PPAR-γ immunohistochemical staining, Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR). In addition, the protein expression of matrix metalloprotein-1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth fac... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325571 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325570&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21997461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitrović BM, Vitorović G, Vićentijević M, Vitorović D, Pantelić G, Lazarević-Macanović M Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate distribution of (137)Cs in leg and breast meat of broilers and pheasants following single alimentary contamination and administration of two protectors (AFCF and clinoptilolite). The birds were administered a single dose of (137)CsCl, with an activity of 750 Bq. Protectors were given via gastric tube or mixed in the forage pellets. AFCF given via gastric tube decreased the (137)Cs concentration by a factor of 7.8 in broilers leg meat and 7.4 in broilers breast meat. When AFCF was mixed in pellets, the (137)Cs concentration was 19.5 times lower in broilers leg meat and 22.1 times lower in broilers breast meat, than in the... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325570 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296195&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21964719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Do TT, Tang VJ, Konigsfeld K, Aguilera JA, Perry CC, Milligan JR Abstract We have gamma-irradiated plasmid DNA in aqueous solution in the presence of submillimolar concentrations of the ligand tetra-arginine. Depending upon the ionic strength, under these conditions, the plasmid can adopt a highly compacted and aggregated form which attenuates by some two orders of magnitude the yield of damage produced by the indirect effect. The yields of DNA single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB) which result are closely comparable with those produced in living cells. The radical lifetimes, diffusion distances, and track structure are expected to be similarly well reproduced. After irradiation, the aggregation was reversed by adjusting the ionic conditions. The approximate spati... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296195 Sun, 02 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296196&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21964673%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to assess total exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in bedrooms and the contribution of different radioservices (FM radio, analogue TV and DVB-T, TETRA, GSM900 downlink, GSM1800 downlink, UMTS downlink, DECT, and wireless LAN and blue tooth) to the total exposure. Additional aims were to describe the proportion of measuring values above the detection limit of the dosimeters and to characterize the differences in exposure patterns associated with self-reported residential characteristics. Exposure to RF sources in bedrooms was measured using Antennessa(®) EME Spy 120 dosimeters in 1,348 households in Germany; 280 measures were available for each frequency band per household. Mean electrical field strengths and power flux densities we... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296196 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276756&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21947564%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaiser JC, Jacob P, Meckbach R, Cullings HM Abstract Breast cancer risk from radiation exposure has been analyzed in the cohort of Japanese a-bomb survivors using empirical models and mechanistic two-step clonal expansion (TSCE) models with incidence data from 1958 to 1998. TSCE models rely on a phenomenological representation of cell transition processes on the path to cancer. They describe the data as good as empirical models and this fact has been exploited for risk assessment. Adequate models of both types have been selected with a statistical protocol based on parsimonious parameter deployment and their risk estimates have been combined using multi-model inference techniques. TSCE models relate the radiation risk to cell processes which are controlled by age-increasin... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276756 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5276756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246068&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21928045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dickey JS, Zemp FJ, Martin OA, Kovalchuk O Abstract This review focuses on a number of recent studies that have examined changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in response to ionizing radiation and other forms of oxidative stress. In both murine and human cells and tissues, a number of miRNAs display significant alterations in expression levels in response to both direct and indirect radiation exposure. In terms of direct irradiation, or exposure to agents that induce oxidative stress, miRNA array analyses indicate that a number of miRNAs are up- and down-regulated and, in particular, the let-7 family of miRNAs may well be critical in the cellular response to oxidative stress. In bystander cells that are not directly irradiated, but close to, or share media with d... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246068 Sun, 18 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5246068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228541&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21922285%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muikku M, Heikkinen T, Solatie D, Vesterbacka P Abstract A study to determine activity concentrations of (210)Pb and (210)Po in the urine of certain Finnish population groups was conducted, to investigate the variation in natural background level of urinary excretion. The study participants were divided into three groups mainly based on their diet. The first group comprised recreational fishermen and the second group represented people consuming more reindeer meat than an average Finn, while people using drinking water with very high activity concentrations of (210)Po were selected for the third group. The fourth group was a control group. The mean urinary excretion of (210)Po in groups 1 and 2 was 73 and 100 mBq d(-1), respectively. These values were higher than the val... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228541 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218359&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894440%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Madas BG, Balásházy I Abstract The observable responses of living systems to ionizing radiation depend on the level of biological organization studied. Understanding the relationships between the responses characteristic of the different levels of organization is of crucial importance. The main objective of the present study is to investigate how some cellular effects of radiation manifest at the tissue level by modeling mutation induction due to chronic exposure to inhaled radon progeny. For this purpose, a mathematical model of the bronchial epithelium was elaborated to quantify cell nucleus hits and cell doses. Mutagenesis was modeled considering endogenous as well as radiation-induced DNA damages and cell cycle shortening due to cell inactivation. The model parameter... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218359 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218358&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21894441%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zakeri F, Rajabpour MR, Haeri SA, Kanda R, Hayata I, Nakamura S, Sugahara T, Ahmadpour MJ Abstract In order to investigate the biological effects of exposure to low-dose radiation and to assess the dose-effect relationship in residents of high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of Ramsar, cytogenetic investigation of unstable-type aberrations was performed in 15 healthy elderly women in a HBRA of Ramsar, Talesh mahalle, and in 10 elderly women living in a nearby control area with normal background radiation. In total, 77,714 cells were analyzed; 48,819 cells in HBRA residents and 28,895 cells in controls. On average, 3,108 cells per subject were analyzed (range 1,475-5,007 cells). Significant differences were found in the frequency of dicentric plus centric rings in 100 ce... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218358 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218360&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21892632%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to test the ability of PB treatment to protect against acute gamma-radiation-induced lethality in the DBA/2 mouse model. A 30-day radiation lethality study was used to assess radioprotective capability of PB. Mechanisms were evaluated using western blots, flow cytometry, and the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Western blot studies showed that PB treatment acetylated histones in vivo. For radiation protection studies, prophylactic administration of PB (24 h preradiation; 1-50 mg/kg) provided radioprotection against gamma radiation (8-9.5 Gy) and PB demonstrated a DRF of 1.31 (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 1.27, 1.36). When PB (10 mg/kg) was administered post-radiation (4 h), it also provided significant radioprotection at 8.0 Gy radiation... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218360 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218361&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21874558%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Azizova TV, Muirhead CR, Moseeva MB, Grigoryeva ES, Sumina MV, O'Hagan J, Zhang W, Haylock RJ, Hunter N Abstract Incidence and mortality from cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) (430-438 ICD-9 codes) have been studied in a cohort of 18,763 workers first employed at the Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA) in 1948-1972 and followed up to the end of 2005. Some of the workers were exposed to external gamma-rays only while others were exposed to a mixture of external gamma-rays and internal alpha-particle radiation due to incorporated (239)Pu. After adjusting for non-radiation factors, there were significantly increasing trends in CVD incidence with total absorbed dose from external gamma-rays and total absorbed dose to liver from internal alpha radiation. The CVD incidence was ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218361 Sun, 28 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5174960&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21866351%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of diagnostic and therapeutic doses of (131)I using bone marrow cells of rats treated in vivo in a test system with a single dose by gavage. Concentrations of 5, 25, 50 and 250 μCi in 1 ml of water were used, and after 24 h, the animals were killed. Also, a concentration of 25 μCi/ml of water was used, and the animals were killed after 5 days. The results showed that no concentration of (131)I was cytotoxic and that all concentrations were mutagenic. As a result, there was no statistically significant difference detected by the χ(2) test in the induction of chromosomal aberrations between the different doses. Thus, the present study demonstrated a significant increase in chromosomal aberration in bone marrow cells expos... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5174960 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5174960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5174964&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21863280%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shuryak I, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L, Sachs RK, Brenner DJ PMID: 21863280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5174964 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5174964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5156002&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21858681%26dopt%3DAbstract Response to "thyroid cancer after Chernobyl: mechanisms of overestimation" by Sergei V. Jargin. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2011 Aug 21; Authors: Fuzik M, Prysyazhnyuk A PMID: 21858681 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5156002 Sat, 20 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5156002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5156003&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21858516%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jargin SV PMID: 21858516 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5156003 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5156003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051471&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21739195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vives I Batlle J, Smith A, Vives-Lynch S, Copplestone D, Pröhl G, Strand T A model for the derivation of dose rates per unit radon concentration in plants was developed in line with the activities of a Task Group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), aimed at developing more realistic dosimetry for non-human biota. The model considers interception of the unattached and attached fractions of the airborne radon daughters by plant stomata, diffusion of radon gas through stomata, permeation through the plant's epidermis and translocation of deposited activity to plant interior. The endpoint of the model is the derivation of dose conversion coefficients relative to radon gas concentration at ground level. The model predicts that the main contributor to... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051471 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4955915&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21688011%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen J, Marro L In Canada, a radon and radon progeny survey was carried out in the 1970s in 19 cities. To the authors' knowledge, this is the only large survey of simultaneous radon and radon progeny measurements up to the present time. However, the survey was carried out for the purpose of establishing geographic variation of radon and radon progeny; therefore, radon equilibrium factors, F, were not assessed at that time. From the summary results of this large simultaneous radon and radon progeny survey, the characteristics of radon equilibrium factor were assessed. The average F factor assessed from this survey in 12,576 houses is 0.54. The current assessment may indicate that the typical F value of 0.4 recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4955915 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4955915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4955914&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21688012%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Synhaeve N, Stefani J, Tourlonias E, Dublineau I, Bertho JM The aim of our study was to define the biokinetics of (90)Sr after chronic contamination by ingestion using a juvenile and adult murine model. Animals ingested (90)Sr by drinking water containing 20 kBq l(-1) of (90)Sr. For the juvenile model, parents received (90)Sr before mating and their offspring were killed between birth and 20 weeks of ingestion. For the adult model, (90)Sr ingestion started at 9 weeks of age and they were killed after different ingestion periods up to 20 weeks. The body weight, food and water consumption of the animals were monitored on a weekly basis. Before killing and sampling of organs, animals were put in metabolic cages. (90)Sr in organs and excreta was determined by liquid scintilla... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4955914 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4955914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4955916&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21667289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Durante M, Friedl AA There is a continuing interest in the use of microbeam systems designed to deliver ionizing radiation (both photons and particles) with a resolution of a few micrometers or less in biological targets. With more than 30 facilities currently in operation, several new research topics can be explored. In the 9th International Microbeam Workshop held in Darmstadt, Germany, in July 2010, several new ideas and results have been presented, indicating that microbeams will be increasingly important in radiobiology. Subnuclear targeting of single cells for DNA repair studies and microirradiation of 3D or small animal models are among the most promising new research perspectives. PMID: 21667289 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environment... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4955916 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4955916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4955917&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21656249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang ZZ, Li WJ, Wang BQ, Zhang BT, Xing JZ, Jing XG, Dang BR, Wei W, Zhao WX Our work aims to understand the effects of shielding on the induction of biological damage by heavy charged particles and to compare the shielding effects of different materials at the same LET from two aspects: the biological effectiveness including or not including secondary particles emitted at large angles and the biological effectiveness at different angles with respect to the beam direction. We designed and conducted biological experiments to determine the biological effectiveness of 200 MeV/u carbon ions after traversing different shielding materials (Lucite and aluminium). Whole blood samples, which were either attached to the shielding material (48 mm Lucite or 29 mm aluminium)or positione... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4955917 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4955917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856018&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21604000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller JH, Chrisler WB, Wang X, Sowa MB For radiation exposures employing targeted sources such as particle microbeams, the deposition of energy and dose will depend on the spatial heterogeneity of the sample. Although cell structural variations are relatively minor for two-dimensional cell cultures, they can vary significantly for fully differentiated tissues. Employing high-resolution confocal microscopy, we have determined the spatial distribution, size, and shape of epidermal keratinocyte nuclei for the full-thickness EpiDerm™ skin model (MatTek, Ashland, VA). Application of these data to calculate the microdosimetry and microdistribution of energy deposition by an electron microbeam is discussed. PMID: 21604000 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856018 Fri, 20 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856019&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21594646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plante I The importance of the radiolysis of water in the initial events following irradiation of biological systems has motivated considerable theoretical and experimental work in the field of radiation chemistry of water and aqueous systems. These studies include Monte-Carlo simulations of the radiation track structure and of the non-homogeneous chemical stage, which have been successfully used to calculate the yields of radiolytic species (H(·), (·)OH, H(2), H(2)O(2), e (aq) (-) , …). Most techniques used for the simulation of the non-homogeneous chemical stage such as the independent reaction time (IRT) technique and diffusion kinetics methods do not calculate the time evolution of the positions of the radiolytic species. This is a major limitation to their extension t... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856019 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856020&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21573984%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, results obtained from GATE/GEANT using Snyder phantom are compared to published MIRD data. For this, the mathematical Snyder phantom was discretized and converted to a digital phantom of 100 × 200 × 360 voxels. The activity was considered uniformly distributed within kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and adrenals. The GATE/GEANT Monte Carlo code was used to calculate the dose to the organs of the phantom from mono-energetic photons of 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 keV. The dose was converted into specific absorbed fraction (SAF) and the results were compared to the corresponding published MIRD data. On average, there was a good correlation (r (2)>0.99) between the two series of data. However, the GATE/GEANT data were on average -0.16 ± 6.22%... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856020 Sat, 14 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856021&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21562854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plante I The importance of the radiolysis of water in irradiation of biological systems has motivated considerable theoretical and experimental work in the radiation chemistry of water and aqueous solutions. In particular, Monte-Carlo simulations of radiation track structure and non-homogeneous chemistry have greatly contributed to the understanding of experimental results in radiation chemistry of heavy ions. Actually, most simulations of the non-homogeneous chemistry are done using the Independent Reaction Time (IRT) method, a very fast technique. The main limitation of the IRT method is that the positions of the radiolytic species are not calculated as a function of time, which is needed to simulate the irradiation of more complex systems. Step-by-step (SBS) methods, which ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856021 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856022&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21559952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mosconi M, Giesen U, Langner F, Mielke C, Dalla Rosa I, Dirks WG An improved assessment of the biological effects and related risks of low doses of ionizing radiation is currently an important issue in radiation biology. Irradiations using microbeams are particularly well suited for precise and localized dose depositions, whereas recombinant cell lines with fluorescent proteins allow the live observation of radiation-induced foci. Living cells of the fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 stably expressing 53BP1 or full-length reconstituted MDC1 fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) were irradiated with protons and α-particles of linear energy transfers (LETs) of 15 and 75 keV/μm, respectively. Using a microbeam, the irradiations were carried out in line patterns, which facilit... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856022 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856024&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21556846%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Markovic VM, Stevanovic N, Nikezic D Great deal of work has been devoted to determine doses from alpha particles emitted by (222)Rn and (220)Rn progeny. In contrast, contribution of beta particles to total dose has been neglected by most of the authors. The present work describes a study of the detriment of (222)Rn and (220)Rn progeny to the human lung due to beta particles. The dose conversion factor (DCF) was introduced to relate effective dose and exposure to radon progeny; it is defined as effective dose per unit exposure to inhaled radon or thoron progeny. Doses and DCFs were determined for beta radiation in sensitive layers of bronchi (BB) and bronchioles (bb), taking into account inhaled (222)Rn and (220)Rn progeny deposited in mucus and cilia layer. The nuclei columnar... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856024 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4856023&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21556847%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greubel C, Assmann W, Burgdorf C, Dollinger G, Du G, Hable V, Hapfelmeier A, Hertenberger R, Kneschaurek P, Michalski D, Molls M, Reinhardt S, Röper B, Schell S, Schmid TE, Siebenwirth C, Wenzl T, Zlobinskaya O, Wilkens JJ A technical set-up for irradiation of subcutaneous tumours in mice with nanosecond-pulsed proton beams or continuous proton beams is described and was successfully used in a first experiment to explore future potential of laser-driven particle beams, which are pulsed due to the acceleration process, for radiation therapy. The chosen concept uses a microbeam approach. By focusing the beam to approximately 100 × 100 μm(2), the necessary fluence of 10(9) protons per cm(2) to deliver a dose of 20 Gy with one-nanosecond shot in the Bragg peak of 23 MeV pr... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4856023 Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4856023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4804113&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21533655%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ozen S, Helhel S, Bilgin S A one-dimensional multi-layer model is presented to characterize skin temperature rises and burn processes resulting from skin exposure to microwaves. Temperature variations and damage function analyses in the skin tissue exposed to microwaves were predicted depending on blood perfusion rate, thermal conductivity, power density, and exposure time. Thermal wave model was applied and the bio-heat transfer equation was solved using the finite difference time domain method. The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer predicts a lower temperature rise than a model that uses Pennes' equation. When approaching steady state, the solutions overlaps with that obtained using the Pennes' equation. The results obtained may help to analyze the consequences of shor... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4804113 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4804113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4804114&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tolstykh EI, Shagina NB, Degteva MO, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA The Mayak Production Association released large amounts of (90)Sr into the Techa River (Southern Urals, Russia) with peak amounts in 1950-1951. Techa Riverside residents ingested an average of about 3,000 kBq of (90)Sr. The (90)Sr-body burden of approximately 15,000 individuals has been measured in the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine in 1974-1997 with use of a special whole-body counter (WBC). Strontium-90 had mainly deposited in the cortical part of the skeleton by 25 years following intake, and (90)Sr elimination occurs as a result of cortical bone resorption. The effect of (90)Sr-radiation exposure on the rate of cortical bone resorption was studied. Data on 2,022 WBC measurements were selected for 2... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4804114 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4804114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752203&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21499903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Melintescu A, Galeriu D Tritium ((3)H) is released from some nuclear facilities in relatively large quantities. It is a ubiquitous isotope because it enters straight into organisms, behaving essentially identically to its stable analogue (hydrogen). Tritium is a key radionuclide in the aquatic environment, in some cases, contributing significantly to the doses received by aquatic, non-human biota and by humans. The updated model presented here is based on more standardized, comprehensive assessments than previously used for the aquatic food chain, including the benthic flora and fauna, with an explicit application to the Danube ecosystem, as well as an extension to the special case of dissolved organic tritium (DOT). The model predicts the organically bound tritium (OBT) in th... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752203 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4752203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752204&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee R, Nasonova E, Hartel C, Durante M, Ritter S The relationship between heavy-ion-induced cell cycle delay and the time-course of aberrations in first-cycle metaphases or prematurely condensed G(2)-cells (G(2)-PCC) was investigated. Lymphocytes of the same donor were irradiated with X-rays or various charged particles (carbon, iron, xenon, and chromium) covering an LET range of 2-3,160 keV/μm. Chromosome aberrations were measured in samples collected at 48, 60, 72, and 84 h postirradiation. Linear-quadratic functions were fitted to the data, and the fit parameters α and β were determined. At any sampling time, α values derived from G(2)-cells were higher than those from metaphases. The α value derived from metaphase analysis at 48 h increased with LET, reached a maxi... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752204 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4752204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752205&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21479813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang XF, Li JQ, Wang JZ, Zhang JX, Liu A, He ZJ, Zhang W, Zhang B, Shao CL, Shi LQ A biological microbeam for precisely positioned single-ion/single cell irradiation is built in the Institute of Modern Physics in Fudan University, Shanghai, China, based on the tandem accelerator (2 × 3MV) in the laboratory. In this paper, the developing progress of the FUDAN microbeam is reported, including the newly constructed beam line, the microbeam collimator, the ion detection system, and the cell-imaging and targeting systems. Statistical models are proposed for evaluating the spatial resolution and dosage precision of the microbeam. By taking the collimated ions as a Gaussian beam, the spatial resolution can be evaluated by the full width at half maximum of the 2-D Gaussian distribu... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752205 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4752205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752206&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21461942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jingjing L, Senlin L, Chunhong W, Ruirui L Here, an anatomic model of mullet is developed on sampling, dissection, and measurement on site. A Monte Carlo code is used to compute the energy-absorbed fraction in tissues and organs of the mullet, and dose rates are calculated. Some previous methods are selected for comparison. The results calculated by means of a newly developed anatomic model indicate that the dose rate to each tissue/organ is different, and dose rates to some tissues/organs are much larger than those calculated based on previous uniform models. This suggests that it is necessary to exploit an anatomic model if there are various concentration factors within the organism. Taking the organism as a whole, the anatomic model has smaller internal dose rates and middl... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752206 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4752206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4525341&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21327808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takamiya K, Imanaka T, Egbert SD, Rühm W In a previous paper, Takamiya et al. calculated (63)Ni production in copper samples exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb. More specifically, they used their experimental cross-section values of the (63)Cu(n,p)(63)Ni reaction and compared the result with that of the corresponding calculation in the radiation dosimetry system DS02, which used another set of cross-section values. These results were different, and the following two reasons were found: typographical errors in several energy boundary values in the DS02 report that was also used in the calculation by Takamiya et al. and an inappropriate assumption on the cross-section values of the low neutron energy region in the calculation by Takamiya et al. These two issues are described ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4525341 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4525341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4525342&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21327807%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farkas A, Hofmann W, Balásházy I, Szőke I, Madas BG, Moustafa M Inhaled short-lived radon progenies may deposit in bronchial airways and interact with the epithelium by the emission of alpha particles. Simulation of the related radiobiological effects requires the knowledge of space and time distributions of alpha particle hits and biological endpoints. Present modelling efforts include simulation of radioaerosol deposition patterns in a central bronchial airway bifurcation, modelling of human bronchial epithelium, generation of alpha particle tracks, and computation of spatio-temporal distributions of cell nucleus hits, cell killing and cell transformation events. Simulation results indicate that the preferential radionuclide deposition at carinal ridges plays an important... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4525342 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4525342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400364&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21259018%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the reproductive toxicity in F(0) rats was not significant after chronic oral exposure to DU, while toxicity effects were obvious in the F(1) generation at both doses. PMID: 21259018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400364 Sun, 23 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400363&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21259019%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tokalov SV, Iagunov AS Radiation-induced progression delay in G(1)/S, S and G(2)/M phases of p53 wild-type Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells growing in vivo was investigated by DNA flow cytometry. Different behavior patterns of EAC cells at the time after irradiation with low (2, 4, 6, 8 Gy) and high (10, 15, 20 Gy) doses were evaluated. While EAC cells showed a small progression delay in S phase and a dose-dependent block in G(2)/M phase after the irradiation with low doses, a clear additional block in G(1)/S phase was observed after irradiation with high doses. An assessment of the damage response and repair networks at the time after irradiation might have important implication for the development of cancer management and treatment. PMID: 21259019 [PubMed - as sup... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400363 Sun, 23 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400362&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21259020%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Acharya S, Bhat NN, Joseph P, Sanjeev G, Sreedevi B, Narayana Y The effects of single pulses and multiple pulses of 7 MV electrons on micronuclei (MN) induction in cytokinesis-blocked human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were investigated over a wide range of dose rates per pulse (instantaneous dose rate). PBLs were exposed to graded doses of 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of single electron pulses of varying pulse widths at different dose rates per pulse, ranging from 1 × 10(6) Gy s(-1) to 3.2 × 10(8) Gy s(-1). Different dose rates per pulse were achieved by changing the dose per electron pulse by adjusting the beam current and pulse width. MN yields per unit absorbed dose after irradiation with single electron pulses were compared with those of multiple pulses of electro... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400362 Sun, 23 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400361&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21259021%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kunwar A, Jayakumar S, Bhilwade HN, Bag PP, Bhatt H, Chaubey RC, Priyadarsini KI Selenocystine (CysSeSeCys), a diselenide aminoacid exhibiting glutathione peroxidase-like activity and selective antitumor effects, was examined for in vivo antigenotoxic and antioxidant activity in Swiss albino mice after exposure to a sublethal dose (5 Gy) of γ-radiation. For this, CysSeSeCys was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days prior to whole-body γ-irradiation. When examined in the hepatic tissue, CysSeSeCys administration reduced the DNA damage at 30 min after radiation exposure by increasing the rate of DNA repair. Since antigenotoxic agents could alter the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400361 Sun, 23 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4400360&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21259022%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akushevich IV, Veremeyeva GA, Dimov GP, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeev KG, Akleyev AV, Yashin AI A new model of the hematopoietic system response in humans chronically exposed to ionizing radiation describes the dynamics of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment as well as the dynamics of each of the four blood cell types (lymphocytes, neutrophiles, erythrocytes, and platelets). The required model parameters were estimated based on available results of human and experimental animal studies. They include the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells and peripheral blood cell lines in an unexposed organism, amplification parameters for each blood line, parameters describing proliferation and apoptosis, parameters of feedback functions regulating the steady-state numbers, and char... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4400360 Sun, 23 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4400360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4336232&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21213111%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Queißer-Luft A, Wiesel A, Stolz G, Mergenthaler A, Kaiser M, Schlaefer K, Wahrendorf J, Blettner M, Spix C Living in the vicinity of nuclear power plants (NPP) is discussed here in terms of adverse health effects. A prospective population-based cohort study was conducted to evaluate whether the prevalence of birth defects in the vicinity of NPPs is elevated and scrutinize a possible distance correlation. A birth cohort born to mothers living within 10 km of two selected NPPs (study region) was compared to a region without NPP (comparison region), and an active surveillance of all live births, stillbirths, and induced abortions in the defined regions was performed. Between 01/2007 and 02/2008, all newborns were examined by specially trained study paediatricians according to t... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4336232 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4336232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4336233&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21161544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yatagai F, Honma M, Takahashi A, Omori K, Suzuki H, Shimazu T, Seki M, Hashizume T, Ukai A, Sugasawa K, Abe T, Dohmae N, Enomoto S, Ohnishi T, Gordon A, Ishioka N To estimate the space-radiation effects separately from other space-environmental effects such as microgravity, frozen human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells were sent to the "Kibo" module of the International Space Station (ISS), preserved under frozen condition during the mission and finally recovered to Earth (after a total of 134 days flight, 72 mSv). Biological assays were performed on the cells recovered to Earth. We observed a tendency of increase (2.3-fold) in thymidine kinase deficient (TK(-)) mutations over the ground control. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis on the mutants also demonstrated a tendency of in... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4336233 Tue, 14 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4336233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4251002&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21132506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gonzalez-Vasconcellos I, Domke T, Kuosaite V, Esposito I, Sanli-Bonazzi B, Nathrath M, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M PMID: 21132506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4251002 Sun, 05 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4251002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4251000&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21132507%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garabalino MA, Monti Hughes A, Molinari AJ, Heber EM, Pozzi EC, Cardoso JE, Colombo LL, Nievas S, Nigg DW, Aromando RF, Itoiz ME, Trivillin VA, Schwint AE We previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of different boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) protocols in an experimental model of oral cancer. BNCT is based on the selective accumulation of (10)B carriers in a tumor followed by neutron irradiation. Within the context of exploring the potential therapeutic efficacy of BNCT for the treatment of liver metastases, the aim of the present study was to perform boron biodistribution studies in an experimental model of liver metastases in rats. Different boron compounds and administration conditions were assayed to determine which administration protocols would potentially ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4251000 Sun, 05 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4251000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218115&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21113609%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vives I Batlle J, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Beresford NA, Copplestone D, Horyna J, Hosseini A, Johansen M, Kamboj S, Keum DK, Kurosawa N, Newsome L, Olyslaegers G, Vandenhove H, Ryufuku S, Vives Lynch S, Wood MD, Yu C An exercise to compare 10 approaches for the calculation of unweighted whole-body absorbed dose rates was conducted for 74 radionuclides and five of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants, or RAPs (duck, frog, flatfish egg, rat and elongated earthworm), selected for this exercise to cover a range of body sizes, dimensions and exposure scenarios. Results were analysed using a non-parametric method requiring no specific hypotheses about the statistical distribution of data. The obtained unweighted absorbed dose rates for internal exposure compare well between the diffe... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218115 Sat, 27 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218114&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21113610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Micco V, Arena C, Pignalosa D, Durante M One of the main purposes leading botanists to investigate the effects of ionizing radiations is to understand plant behaviour in space, where vegetal systems play an important role for nourishment, psychological support and functioning of life support systems. Ground-based experiments have been performed with particles of different charge and energy. Samples exposed to X- or γ-rays are often used as reference to derive the biological efficiency of different radiation qualities. Studies where biological samples are exposed directly to the space radiation environment have also been performed. The comparison of different studies has clarified how the effects observed after exposure are deeply influenced by several factors, some related... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218114 Sat, 27 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218117&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ulanovsky A, Jacob P, Fesenko S, Bogdevitch I, Kashparov V, Sanzharova N Radioactive contamination of the environment following the Chernobyl accident still provide a substantial impact on the population of affected territories in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Reduction of population exposure can be achieved by performing remediation activities in these areas. Resulting from the IAEA Technical Co-operation Projects with these countries, the program ReSCA (Remediation Strategies after the Chernobyl Accident) has been developed to provide assistance to decision makers and to facilitate a selection of an optimized remediation strategy in rural settlements. The paper provides in-depth description of the program, its algorithm, and structure. PMID: 21104262 [PubMed - as supplie... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218117 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4218116&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21104263%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here that low-dose radiation induced rapid and time-dependent changes in the cytoplasmic proteome of the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926. The proteomes were investigated at 4 and 24 h after irradiation at two different dose rates (Co-60 gamma ray total dose 200 mGy; 20 mGy/min and 190 mGy/min) using 2D-DIGE technology. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, after in-gel trypsin digestion, by MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, and peptide mass fingerprint analyses. We identified 15 significantly differentially expressed proteins, of which 10 were up-regulated and 5 down-regulated, with more than ± 1.5-fold difference compared with unexposed cells. Pathways influenced by the low-dose exposures included the Ran and RhoA pathways, fatty acid metabolism an... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4218116 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4218116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4185051&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21085979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wolff HA, Rolke D, Rave-Fränk M, Schirmer M, Eicheler W, Doerfler A, Hille A, Hess CF, Matthias C, Rödel RM, Christiansen H The purpose of this work was to analyze chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in untreated and in irradiated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) tumor cell lines, aiming at the establishment of assays to test for the relevance of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in the response of SCCHN to radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Five low passage and 10 established SCCHN lines, as well as two normal cell lines, were irradiated at 2 Gy or sham-irradiated, and harvested between 1 and 48 h after treatment. For chemokines with CC and CXC structural motifs and their receptors, transcript levels of target and reference genes wer... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4185051 Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4185051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4166156&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21063719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fuzik M, Prysyazhnyuk A, Shibata Y, Romanenko A, Fedorenko Z, Gulak L, Goroh Y, Gudzenko N, Trotsyuk N, Khukhrianska O, Saenko V, Yamashita S For the first time, a comparative analysis of thyroid cancer incidence in Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident was done in a cohort that is almost as large as the general population. On the basis of thyroid doses from radioactive iodine in individuals aged 1-18 years at the time of accident, geographic regions of Ukraine with low and high average accumulated thyroid doses were established and designated "low-exposure" and "high-exposure" territories, respectively. A significant difference of thyroid cancer incidence rates as a function of time between the two territories was found. That is, the increase in the incidence was higher in hi... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4166156 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4166156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4166155&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21063720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gonzalez-Vasconcellos I, Domke T, Kuosaite V, Esposito I, Sanli-Bonazzi B, Nathrath M, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M Osteosarcoma is the most frequent secondary malignancy following radiotherapy of patients with bilateral retinoblastoma. This suggests that the Rb1 tumour suppressor gene might confer genetic susceptibility towards radiation-induced osteosarcoma. To define the contribution of the Rb1 pathway in the multistep process of radiation carcinogenesis, we evaluated somatic allelic changes affecting the Rb1 gene itself as well as its upstream regulator p16 in murine osteosarcoma induced by (227)Th incorporation. To distinguish between the contribution of germline predisposition and the effect of a 2-hit allelic loss, two mouse models harbouring heterozygote germline Rb1 and p1... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4166155 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4166155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4062143&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20938673%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drozdovitch V, Schonfeld S, Akimzhanov K, Aldyngurov D, Land CE, Luckyanov N, Mabuchi K, Potischman N, Schwerin MJ, Semenova Y, Tokaeva A, Zhumadilov Z, Bouville A, Simon SL The relationship between radiation exposure from nuclear weapons testing fallout and thyroid disease in a group of 2,994 subjects has been the subject of study by the US National Cancer Institute. In that study, radiation doses to the thyroid were estimated for residents of villages in Kazakhstan possibly exposed to deposition of radioactive fallout from nuclear testing conducted by the Soviet Union at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan between 1949 and 1962. The study subjects included individuals of both Kazakh and Russian origin who were exposed during childhood and adolescence. An initia... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4062143 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4062143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4062145&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20931336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walsh L, Kaiser JC Some relatively new issues that augment the usual practice of ignoring model uncertainty, when making inference about parameters of a specific model, are brought to the attention of the radiation protection community here. Nine recently published leukaemia risk models, developed with the Japanese A-bomb epidemiological mortality data, have been included in a model-averaging procedure so that the main conclusions do not depend on just one type of model or statistical test. The models have been centred here at various adult and young ages at exposure, for some short times since exposure, in order to obtain specially computed childhood Excess Relative Risks (ERR) with uncertainties that account for correlations in the fitted parameters associated with the ERR d... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4062145 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4062145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4062144&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20931337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yankovich TL, Beresford NA, Wood MD, Aono T, Andersson P, Barnett CL, Bennett P, Brown JE, Fesenko S, Fesenko J, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Johansen MP, Phaneuf MM, Tagami K, Takata H, Twining JR, Uchida S Environmental monitoring programs often measure contaminant concentrations in animal tissues consumed by humans (e.g., muscle). By comparison, demonstration of the protection of biota from the potential effects of radionuclides involves a comparison of whole-body doses to radiological dose benchmarks. Consequently, methods for deriving whole-body concentration ratios based on tissue-specific data are required to make best use of the available information. This paper provides a series of look-up tables with whole-body:tissue-specific concentration ratios for non-human biota. Focu... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4062144 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4062144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026407&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sazykina TG, Kryshev AI The peculiarities of radiation response in animals at low environmental temperatures are analyzed in the context of radiation safety of the Arctic/Northern wildlife. The paper includes a data review on radiation effects in cold environments based on international and Russian publications since 1948, which forms a supplement to the EPIC and FREDERICA data collections. In homoiothermic and heterothermic animals, imbalances in thermoregulation caused by ionizing radiation are discussed, which increase energy loss of animals, and decrease their fitness to the Arctic/Northern climate. In poikilothermic animals, both radiation damage and recovery are temperature dependant, their rates being slow in the cold environment. At low temperatures, radiation damage o... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026407 Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026408&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20878331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petkov B, Vitale V, Tomasi C, Gadaleta E, Mazzola M, Lanconelli C, Lupi A, Busetto M, Benedetti E An approach is proposed to assess the periods of human skin exposure to solar ultraviolet-A (UV-A, 315-400 nm) irradiance in natural conditions that are able to yield doses found to trigger carcinogenesis in laboratory experiments. Weighting functions, adopted to perform such estimate are constructed, allowing for a comparison between environmental and laboratory doses. Furthermore, the impact of stratum corneum (SC) thickness on the studied environmental doses was investigated. Based on laboratory studies, it was found that exposure periods of less than a month, at mid-latitudes, could provide irradiance doses capable of causing tumor formation. The duration of these exposure ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026408 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4026408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003775&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20872008%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen J, Moir D, Sorimachi A, Tokonami S Naturally occurring isotopes of radon in indoor air are identified as the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoking. Radon-222 (radon gas) and radon-220 (thoron gas) are the most common isotopes of radon. While the radon equilibrium factor is well established, the equilibrium factor between thoron progeny and thoron gas is still not well known. Thoron gas and progeny concentrations were determined in the lowest floors of 138 Canadian homes simultaneously. While thoron gas was only detectable in about 52% of the homes, thoron progeny concentrations were measured in every home surveyed. Thoron concentrations, thoron progeny concentrations, and the equilibrium factors varied widely and were log-normally distributed. With a 3... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003775 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4003775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003581&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20872009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walsh L, Dufey F, Möhner M, Schnelzer M, Tschense A, Kreuzer M A previous analysis of the radon-related lung cancer mortality risk, in the German uranium miners cohort, using Poisson modeling techniques, noted internal (spontaneous) rates that were higher on average than the external rates by 16.5% (95% CI: 9%; 24%). The main purpose of the present paper is to investigate the nature of, and possible reasons for, this difference by comparing patterns in spontaneous lung cancer mortality rates in a cohort of male miners involved in uranium extraction at the former Wismut mining company in East Germany with national male rates from the former German Democratic Republic. The analysis is based on miner data for 3,001 lung cancer deaths, 1.76 million person-years for the perio... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003581 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4003581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4003855&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20865271%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the biological effects of low doses (0.01-0.3 Gy) of γ-radiation on the membrane characteristics of erythrocytes of albino rats and carried out osmotic fragility tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Our results indicate that the lowest three doses in the investigated radiation range, i.e., 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 Gy, resulted in positive effects on the erythrocyte membranes, while a dose of 0.1 Gy appeared to represent the limiting threshold dose of those positive effects. Doses higher than 0.1 Gy were associated with the denaturation of erythrocyte proteins. PMID: 20865271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4003855 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4003855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998639&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20848291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bogojević D, Poznanović G, Grdović N, Grigorov I, Vidaković M, Dinić S, Mihailović M Previously, we showed that administration of the acute-phase protein α(2)-macroglobulin (α(2)M) to rats before total-body irradiation with 6.7 Gy (LD(50/30)) of X-rays provides the same level of radioprotection as amifostine. Here, we compare the cytoprotective effects of α(2)M and amifostine on rat liver. The potential of the liver to replenish cells destroyed by ionizing radiation was assessed by immunoblot analysis with antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). After irradiation, in unprotected rats PCNA decreased 6-fold from the basal level. In rats pretreated with either α(2)M or amifostine, PCNA was increased throughout a 4 week follow-up ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998639 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3998639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998640&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20842369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dekkers F, Bijwaard H, Bouffler S, Ellender M, Huiskamp R, Kowalczuk C, Meijne E, Sutmuller M From studies of the atomic bomb survivors, it is well known that ionizing radiation causes several forms of leukemia. However, since the specific mechanism behind this process remains largely unknown, it is difficult to extrapolate carcinogenic effects at acute high-dose exposures to risk estimates for the chronic low-dose exposures that are important for radiation protection purposes. Recently, it has become clear that the induction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in CBA/H mice takes place through two key steps, both involving the Sfpi1 gene. A similar mechanism may play a role in human radiation-induced AML. In the present paper, a two-mutation carcinogenesis model is applied to mod... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998640 Tue, 14 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3998640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998641&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20835833%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sato T, Endo A, Sihver L, Niita K Absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates for astronauts were estimated by multiplying fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients in the units of Gy.cm(2) and Sv.cm(2), respectively, and cosmic-ray fluxes around spacecrafts in the unit of cm(-2) s(-1). The dose conversion coefficients employed in the calculation were evaluated using the general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport code system PHITS coupled to the male and female adult reference computational phantoms, which were released as a common ICRP/ICRU publication. The cosmic-ray fluxes inside and near to spacecrafts were also calculated by PHITS, using simplified geometries. The accuracy of the obtained absorbed-dose and dose-equivalent rates was verified by various experimental data... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998641 Fri, 10 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3998641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3954854&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20821023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brunner C, Szymczak W, Li W, Hoeschen C, Mörtl S, Eckardt-Schupp F, Oeh U A pilot study was performed to evaluate a new concept for a radiation biodosimetry method. Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used to find out whether radiation induces changes in the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace of in vitro cultured cells. Two different cell lines, retinal pigment epithelium cells hTERT-RPE1 and lung epithelium cells A-549, were irradiated with gamma radiation at doses of 4 Gy and 8 Gy. For measuring the cell-specific effects, the VOC concentrations in the headspace of flasks containing cells plus medium, as well as of flasks containing pure medium were analyzed for changes before and after irradiation. No significant radiatio... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3954854 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3954854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3954855&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20814800%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evdokimovsky EV, Ushakova TE, Kudriavtcev AA, Gaziev AI High steady-state transcriptional activity is essential for normal mitochondrial function. The requisite transcription rate is satisfied in part by high copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In the present study, we analyze mtDNA copy number by real-time PCR in nucleated blood cells from control mice and mice exposed to 1- or 10-Gy X-radiation. Transcription of the oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes cytb, atp6, nd4, nd2 and d-loop region was monitored in these nucleated blood cells similarly by real-time PCR. We observed a 50% decrease in the ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA (mtDNA/nDNA) in blood cells, while the mtDNA/nDNA ratio in serum increased. After a lethal 10-Gy dose of X-irradiation, we observed ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3954855 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3954855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3954856&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20809227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Willey NJ Soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides can be related to plant evolutionary history (phylogeny). For some species and radionuclides the effect is significant enough to be useful in predicting Transfer Factors (TFs). Here a Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML)-based mixed model and a recent plant phylogeny are used to compile data on soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides and to show how the phylogeny can be used to fill gaps in TFs. Using published data, generic means for TFs are used to anchor the data from REML modelling and hence predict TFs for important groups of plants. Radionuclides of Cs are used as an example. With a generic soil-to-plant TF of 0.07, TFs of 0.035 and 0.085 are predicted for monocot and eudicot gaps, respectively. Also demonstrated is how the... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3954856 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3954856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3912108&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20798950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fesenko S, Fesenko E, Titov I, Karpenko E, Sanzharova N, Fonseca AG, Brown J An extensive programme of experiments on transfer of radionuclides to aquatic species was conducted in the former USSR starting from the early 1950s. Only a few of these studies were made available in the English language literature or taken into account in international reviews of radionuclide behaviour in marine ecosystems. Therefore, an overview of original information on radionuclide transfer to marine biota species available from Russian language literature sources is presented here. The concentration ratio (CR) values for many radionuclides and for marine species such as: (239)Pu, (106)Ru and (95)Zr (crustacean), (54)Mn, (90)Sr, (95)Nb, (106)Ru, (137)Cs (239)Pu, (241)Am and natural U (molluscs),... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3912108 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3912108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3900063&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20725838%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wood MD, Beresford NA, Semenov DV, Yankovich TL, Copplestone D Reptiles are an important, and often protected, component of many ecosystems but have rarely been fully considered within ecological risk assessments (ERA) due to a paucity of data on contaminant uptake and effects. This paper presents a meta-analysis of literature-derived environmental media (soil and water) to whole-body concentration ratios (CRs) for predicting the transfer of 35 elements (Am, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cm, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Po, Pu, Ra, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr) to reptiles in freshwater ecosystems and 15 elements (Am, C, Cs, Cu, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Po, Pu, Sr, Tc, Th, U, Zn) to reptiles in terrestrial ecosystems. These reptile CRs are compared with CRs for... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3900063 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3900063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3900062&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20725839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cengel KA, Diffenderfer ES, Avery S, Kennedy AR, McDonough J As a part of the near solar system exploration program, astronauts may receive significant total body proton radiation exposures during a solar particle event (SPE). In the Center for Acute Radiation Research (CARR), symptoms of the acute radiation sickness syndrome induced by conventional radiation are being compared to those induced by SPE-like proton radiation, to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of SPE protons. In an SPE, the astronaut's whole body will be exposed to radiation consisting mainly of protons with energies below 50 MeV. In addition to providing for a potentially higher RBE than conventional radiation, the energy distribution for an SPE will produce a relatively inhomogeneous tota... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3900062 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3900062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882157&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20714905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gashchak S, Beresford NA, Maksimenko A, Vlaschenko AS Bats are a protected species and as such may be an object of protection in radiological assessments of the environment. However, there have previously been only few radioecological studies of species of bats. In this paper, results for >140 measurements of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in 10 species of bats collected within the Chernobyl zone are presented. There was some indication of a decreasing transfer of (90)Sr with increasing deposition, although this was inconsistent across species and explained little of the observed variability. There was no difference between male and female bats in the transfer (expressed as the ratio of whole-body activity concentrations to those in soil) of either radionuclide. There was considerable ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882157 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882160&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20711839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Higley KA The calculation of transfer of radionuclides from the abiotic to the biotic environment is a well-established practice in radiological assessments. Concentration ratios provide simple means to estimate radionuclide activity in biota, from measured (or estimated) radionuclide concentrations in either a food source or an abiotic component such as soil or water. They are typically reported by element, and data compilations may include information such as soil type (e.g., sand, loam, clay) and species. The data may be for multiple species at a single location, single species at multiple locations, or represent compilations from multiple sources. Recently published guidance suggests that estimates are best made using data from the same ecosystem. This paper examines this ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882160 Sat, 14 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882159&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20711840%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beresford NA PMID: 20711840 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882159 Sat, 14 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882158&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20711841%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides CR values for Australian terrestrial wildlife and livestock and suggests higher accumulation rates for select radionuclides in semi-arid Australian conditions compared with those associated with temperate conditions. PMID: 20711841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882158 Sat, 14 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882161&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20711600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takata H, Aono T, Tagami K, Uchida S For the estimation of radiation doses to organisms, concentration ratios (C ( R )s) of radionuclides are required. In the present study, C ( R )s of various elements were obtained as analogues of radionuclides for algae, molluscs, and crustaceans, in eight estuarine areas around Japan. The elements measured were Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Pb, and U. The geometric mean (GM) values of C ( R )s (GM-C ( R )s) for alkali and alkaline earth elements, Mo, and U for all biota, as well as V for crustaceans, were less than 100 L/kg, while GM-C ( R )s for the other elements were higher. When the obtained GM-C ( R )s were compared with the C ( R )s recommended in IAEA... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882161 Fri, 13 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3882161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3869796&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dragović S, Mandić LJ There is a scarcity of data on transfer of both natural and anthropogenic radionuclides to detritivorous invertebrates for use in the assessment of radiation exposure. Although mosses and lichens have been extensively used in biomonitoring programs, the data on transfer of radionuclides to these species are limited, particularly for natural radionuclides. To enhance the available data, activity concentrations of (137)Cs, (226)Ra and (228)Ra were measured in ants, mosses and lichens and corresponding undisturbed soil collected from semi-natural ecosystems in Serbia and Montenegro and biota/soil concentration ratios (CR) calculated. Since the majority of internal dose to biota is expected to come from (40)K, the activity concentrations of this radionu... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3869796 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3869796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3864855&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20703884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tagami K, Uchida S Estimation of radionuclide concentrations in trees may be required to estimate their radiation exposure. However, concentration ratios of radionuclides from soil to tree species are limited for many radionuclide-tree combinations. To fill this gap, it is investigated in the present paper whether stable element concentration data for leafy vegetables are representative of those for wild tree leaves, and consequently, if these stable element data for leafy vegetables can be used as analogues to describe radionuclides transfer from soil to trees. Data for stable elements in leafy vegetables collected in Japan were compared with those in leaves of about 20 tree species worldwide. The correlation coefficients of element concentrations between leafy vegetables and... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3864855 Wed, 11 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3864855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777132&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20640448%26dopt%3DAbstract Reply to letter by Jargin on "overestimation of Chernobyl consequences: poorly substantiated information published" Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Jul 17; Authors: Yablokov A, Nesterenko A PMID: 20640448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777132 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3777131&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20640449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jargin SV PMID: 20640449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3777131 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3777131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3742500&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20617329%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Lemos Pinto MM, Santos NF, Amaral A Knowledge about dose levels in radiation protection is an important step for risk assessment. However, in most cases of real or suspected accidental exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), physical dosimetry cannot be performed for retrospective estimates. In such situations, biological dosimetry has been proposed as an alternative for investigation. Briefly, biodosimetry can be defined as individual dose evaluation based on biological endpoints induced by IR (so-called biomarkers). The relationship between biological endpoints and absorbed dose is not always straightforward: nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, for example, are the most well-known biological effects of individual irradiation, but a precise correlation between those symptoms and... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3742500 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3742500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3742502&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20602107%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show that (125)I-UdR radionuclide therapy in combination with Egr-1 promoter-based IFNgamma gene therapy is more effective than (125)I-UdR therapy alone in suppressing tumor growth and extending survival duration in mice bearing H22 hepatomas. Combined therapy could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, induce apoptosis and enhance cytotoxic activities of splenic CTL of the mice. Our results suggest that (125)I-UdR in combination with Egr-1 promoter-based IFNgamma gene therapy may provide novel approaches for cancer treatment. PMID: 20602107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3742502 Fri, 02 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3742502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3742501&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20602108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bhatti P, Yong LC, Doody MM, Preston DL, Kampa DM, Ramsey MJ, Ward EM, Edwards AA, Ron E, Tucker JD, Sigurdson AJ Controversy regarding potential health risks from increased use of medical diagnostic radiologic examinations has come to public attention. We evaluated whether chromosome damage, specifically translocations, which are a potentially intermediate biomarker for cancer risk, was increased after exposure to diagnostic X-rays, with particular interest in the ionizing radiation dose-response below the level of approximately 50 mGy. Chromosome translocation frequency data from three separately conducted occupational studies of ionizing radiation were pooled together. Studies 1 and 2 included 79 and 150 medical radiologic technologists, respectively, and study 3 included 8... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3742501 Fri, 02 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3742501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3708117&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20582595%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the ability of the C(60) fullerene derivative DF-1 to protect radiosensitive cells from the effects of high doses of gamma irradiation was examined. Earlier reports of DF-1's lack of toxicity in these cells were confirmed, and DF-1 was also observed to protect both human lymphocytes and rat intestinal crypt cells against radiation-induced cell death. We determined that DF-1 protected both cell types against radiation-induced DNA damage, as measured by inhibition of micronucleus formation. DF-1 also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in the crypt cells, a unique capability of fullerenes because of their enhanced reactivity toward electron-rich species. The ability of DF-1 to protect against the cytotoxic effects of radiation was comparable to that of amifostine, an... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3708117 Sat, 26 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3708117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3708118&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20582429%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, an early response to ELF MF in K562 cells seems to be an increased amount of oxygen radicals, leading to HSP70 induction. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a flux density threshold where 50-Hz MF exerts its effects on K562 cells, at or below 0.025 mT, and also that it is the MF, and not the induced electric field, which is the active parameter. PMID: 20582429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3708118 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3708118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3701874&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20574841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shuryak I, Brenner DJ Ionizing radiation damages DNA and also induces oxidative stress, which can affect the function of proteins involved in DNA repair, thereby causing repair of DNA damage to become less efficient. We previously developed a mathematical model of this potentially synergistic relationship and applied it to gamma-ray exposure data on the radiation-resistant prokaryote Deinococcus radiodurans. Here, we investigate the effects of radiation quality on these processes by applying the model to data on exposures of D. radiodurans to heavy ions with linear energy transfer (LET) of 18.5-11,300 keV/mum. The model adequately describes these data using three parameters combinations: radiogenic DNA damage induction, repair protein inactivation and cellular repair capacity.... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3701874 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3701874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3691514&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20563594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tuner H, Korkmaz M In the present work, radiosensitivity and dosimetric potential of solid trisodium citrate dihydrate (SC) were explored through a detailed electron spin resonance (ESR) study performed at various temperatures. Irradiated SC was observed to exhibit an ESR spectrum consisting of many intense and weak resonance lines spread over a magnetic field range of 7 mT and centered at g = 2.0039. An evaluation technique based on the variations of the characteristic resonance line intensities and the spectrum area under different experimental conditions was adopted, to determine the spectroscopic, kinetic and dosimetric features of radical species responsible for the observed experimental ESR spectrum. Radicals exhibiting similar ESR characteristics to those reported in th... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3691514 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3691514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673084&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20556619%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Friedrich T, Weyrather W, Elsässer T, Durante M, Scholz M The concept of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is essential for treatment planning in carbon ion therapy and for understanding the biological effects of high-LET radiation. As this quantity depends on many factors, both its experimental determination and the assessment of its uncertainty are not trivial. For the limiting case of zero dose, where the RBE takes its maximum value RBE(alpha), we present in this article a simple empirical-based approach to estimate its uncertainty. A Gaussian error calculus is applied to equally take into account both uncertainties from experiments with high- and low-LET radiation. From a theoretical point of view, we then infer, using a simple Monte Carlo model, the distribut... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673084 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673085&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20552213%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moscariello M, Sutherland B DNA-damaging agents can induce clustered lesions or multiply damaged sites (MDSs) on the same or opposing DNA strands. In the latter, attempts to repair MDS can generate closely opposed single-strand break intermediates that may convert non-lethal or mutagenic base damage into double-strand breaks (DSBs). We constructed a diploid S. cerevisiae yeast strain with a chromosomal context targeted by integrative DNA fragments carrying different damages to determine whether closely opposed base damages are converted to DSBs following the outcomes of the homologous recombination repair pathway. As a model of MDS, we studied clustered uracil DNA damages with a known location and a defined distance separating the lesions. The system we describe might well be ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673085 Tue, 15 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673086&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20549226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaiser FJ, Bassler N, Jäkel O Modern radiotherapy facilities for cancer treatment such as the Heavy Ion Therapy Center (HIT) in Heidelberg, Germany, allow for sub-millimeter precision in dose deposition. For measurement of such dose distributions and characterization of the particle beams, detectors with high spatial resolution are necessary. Here, a detector based on the commercially available COTS photodiode (BPW-34) is presented. When applied in hadronic beams of protons and carbon ions, the detector reproduces dose distribution well, but its response decreases rapidly by radiation damage. However, for MeV photon beams, the detector exhibits a similar behavior as found in diode detectors usually applied in radiotherapy. PMID: 20549226 [PubMed - as supplied by publish... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673086 Sat, 12 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3673086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3659712&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20535615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goetze K, Scholz M, Taucher-Scholz G, Mueller-Klieser W Metastasis and recurrences are major problems regarding an effective treatment of solid malignant tumors in clinical oncology. Since the impact of radiation on cell motility is not yet well understood, intrinsic and radiation-induced changes in cell migration have been discussed as possible mechanisms involved in the limitations of radiotherapy. This holds true for conventional radiation treatment and even more for the cellular and molecular effects of therapeutically relevant (12)C heavy ions. The present study is therefore focused on the investigation of tumor cell migration in vitro after irradiation with X-rays and (12)C heavy ions and on radiation-induced changes in the expression of proteins that are potentially rel... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3659712 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3659712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3659715&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20532542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Melintescu A, Galeriu D The transfer through the environment of (3)H and (14)C must be modelled differently than that of other radionuclides released from nuclear reactors because hydrogen and carbon enter straight into the life cycle. A solid understanding of the behaviour of (3)H and (14)C in the food chain is essential because (3)H may be released in large quantities from future thermonuclear reactors, and (14)C accumulates in the environment because of its long half-life. For the present study, the hypothesis that both (3)H and (14)C metabolism in mammals can be modelled based on the understanding of energy metabolism has been tested. Recently published results demonstrate that the loss rate of organically bound tritium and (14)C from tissues of laboratory and farm animals... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3659715 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3659715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3659714&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20532543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Imanaka T, Yamamoto M, Kawai K, Sakaguchi A, Hoshi M, Chaizhunusova N, Apsalikov K After the disintegration of the USSR in end of 1991, it became possible for foreign scientists to visit Kazakhstan, in order to investigate the radiological consequences of nuclear explosions that had been conducted at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS). Since the first visit in 1994, our group has been continuing expeditions for soil sampling at various areas around SNTS. The current level of local fallout at SNTS was studied through gamma-spectrometry for (137)Cs as well as alpha-spectrometry for (239,240)Pu. Average values of soil inventory from wide areas around SNTS were 3,500 and 3,700 Bq m(-2) for (137)Cs and (239,240)Pu, respectively, as of January 1, 2000. The average level of (... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3659714 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3659714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3659713&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20532544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Durante M, Reitz G, Angerer O Exposure to space radiation has long been acknowledged as a potential showstopper for long-duration manned interplanetary missions. In an effort to gain more information on space radiation risk and to develop countermeasures, NASA initiated several years ago a Space Radiation Health Program, which is currently supporting biological experiments performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Accelerator-based radiobiology research in the field of space radiation research is also under way in Russia and Japan. The European Space Agency (ESA) supports research in the field in three main directions: spaceflight experiments on the International Space Station; modeling and simulations of the space radiation environment and transport; and, recently, gro... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3659713 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3659713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3614970&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20508943%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and cytokine expression in bone marrow (BM) cells of exposed mice as a function of the dose rate of protons. The cytokines included in this study are pro-inflammatory [i.e., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6] and anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10). We gave male BALB/cJ mice a whole-body exposure to 0 (sham-controls) or 1.0 Gy of 100 MeV protons, delivered at 5 or 10 mGy min(-1), the dose and dose rates found during solar particle events in space. As a reference radiation, groups of mice were exposed to 0 (sham-controls) or 1 Gy of (137)Cs gamma rays (10 mGy min(-1)). After irradiation, BM cells were collected at 1.5, 3, 24 ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3614970 Thu, 27 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3614970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3598181&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20496176%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sihver L, Sato T, Puchalska M, Reitz G Concerns about the biological effects of space radiation are increasing rapidly due to the perspective of long-duration manned missions, both in relation to the International Space Station (ISS) and to manned interplanetary missions to Moon and Mars in the future. As a preparation for these long-duration space missions, it is important to ensure an excellent capability to evaluate the impact of space radiation on human health, in order to secure the safety of the astronauts/cosmonauts and minimize their risks. It is therefore necessary to measure the radiation load on the personnel both inside and outside the space vehicles and certify that organ- and tissue-equivalent doses can be simulated as accurate as possible. In this paper, simulat... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3598181 Mon, 24 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3598181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3590567&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20490529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wakeford R, Darby SC, Murphy MF PMID: 20490529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3590567 Thu, 20 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3590567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3590565&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20490531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trani D, Datta K, Doiron K, Kallakury B, Fornace AJ Carcinogenesis induced by space radiation is considered a major risk factor in manned interplanetary and other extended missions. The models presently used to estimate the risk for cancer induction following deep space radiation exposure are based on data from A-bomb survivor cohorts and do not account for important biological differences existing between high-linear energy transfer (LET) and low-LET-induced DNA damage. High-energy and charge (HZE) radiation, the main component of galactic cosmic rays (GCR), causes highly complex DNA damage compared to low-LET radiation, which may lead to increased frequency of chromosomal rearrangements, and contribute to carcinogenic risk in astronauts. Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are freq... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3590565 Wed, 19 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3590565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3590566&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20490530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Merz F, Müller M, Taucher-Scholz G, Rödel F, Stöcker H, Schopow K, Laprell L, Dehghani F, Durante M, Bechmann I The aim of this interdisciplinary project is to establish slice culture preparations from rodents and humans as a new model system for studying effects of X-rays and heavy ions within normal and tumor tissues. The advantage of such slice cultures relies on the conservation of an organotypic environment, the easy treatment and observation by live-imaging microscopy, and the independence from genetic immortalization strategies used to generate cell lines. Rat brains as well as human tumors were cut into 300-mum-thick sections and cultivated in an incubator in a humidified atmosphere at 37 degrees C. This is realized by a membrane-based culture system with a li... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3590566 Tue, 18 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3590566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3581139&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20473680%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chang PY, Doppalapudi R, Bakke J, Wang A, Menda S, Davis Z C57Bl6-lacZ animals were exposed to a range of low dose-rate simulated solar particle event (sSPE) radiation at the NASA-sponsored Research Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Peripheral blood was harvested from animals from 1 to 12 days after total body irradiation (TBI) to quantify the level of circulating reticulocytes (RET) and micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) as an early indicator of radiation-induced genotoxicity. Bone marrow lymphocytes and hippocampal tissues from each animal were collected at 12 days and up to two months, to evaluate dose-dependent late effects after sSPE exposure. Early hematopoietic changes show that the % RET was reduced up to 3 days in response to radiation expo... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3581139 Sat, 15 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3581139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3564442&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20461395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eidemüller M, Ostroumova E, Krestinina L, Epiphanova S, Akleyev A, Jacob P In the present paper, analysis of solid cancer mortality and incidence risk after radiation exposure in the Techa River Cohort in the Southern Urals region of Russia is described. Residents along the Techa River received protracted exposure to ionizing radiation in the 1950s due to the releases of radioactive materials from the Mayak Production Association. The current follow-up through December 2003 includes individuals exposed on the Techa riverside within the Chelyabinsk and Kurgan oblasts using mortality data, and within the Chelyabinsk oblast using incidence data. The analysis was performed by means of the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion (TSCE) model and conventional excess relativ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3564442 Tue, 11 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3564442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3556538&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20458592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Villasana L, Pfankuch T, Raber J Previously we found apoE isoform-dependent effects of (137)Cs irradiation on cognitive function of female mice 3 months following irradiation. Alterations in the number of immature neurons and in the levels of the dendritic marker microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) might contribute to the cognitive changes following irradiation. Therefore, in the present study we determined if, following (137)Cs irradiation, there are apoE isoform-dependent effects on loss of doublecortin-positive neuroprogenitor cells or MAP-2 immumonoreactivity. In the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, enthorhinal and sensorimotor cortex, and central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala of apoE3 female mice, MAP-2 immunoreactivity increased 3 mont... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3556538 Mon, 10 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3556538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3503038&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20414667%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schimmerling W The human exploration of space inevitably involves exposure to radiation. Associated with this exposure are multiple risks, i.e., probabilities that certain aspects of an astronaut's health or performance will be degraded. The management of these risks requires that such probabilities be accurately predicted, that the actual exposures be verified, and that comprehensive records be maintained. Implicit in these actions is the fact that, at some point, a decision has been made to accept a certain level of risk. This paper examines ethical and practical considerations involved in arriving at a determination that risks are acceptable, roles that the parties involved may play, and obligations arising out of reliance on the informed consent paradigm seen as the basis ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3503038 Thu, 22 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3503038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3491252&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20401726%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a single exposure to gamma radiation significantly reduces endothelial cell outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, radiation exposure may inhibit re-endothelialization or angiogenesis after a vascular injury, which would impede vascular recovery. PMID: 20401726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3491252 Sat, 17 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3491252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3491251&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20401727%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes measurements on secondary particles produced by a 290 MeV/n Spread Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) carbon beam. Microdosimetric distributions of secondary fragments from the SOBP carbon beam have been measured by using a new tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) system at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The new TEPC system consists of a TEPC, two solid-state detectors (SSD) and a scintillation counter (FSC: forward scintillation counter). The SSDs and FSC can separately identify charged fragments and secondary neutrons produced by the incident carbon ions. Microdosimetric distributions were measured for secondary particles including neutrons produced by a body-simulated phantom consisting of various PMMA plat... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3491251 Sat, 17 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3491251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3465772&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20383517%26dopt%3DAbstract The European strategy on low dose risk research and the role of radiation quality according to the recommendations of the "ad hoc" High Level and Expert Group (HLEG). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Apr 10; Authors: Belli M, Ottolenghi A, Weiss W Health effects of exposures at low doses and/or low dose rates are recognized as requiring intensive research activity to answer several questions. To address these issues at a strategic level in Europe, with the perspective of integrating national and EC efforts (in particular those within the Euratom research programmes), a "European High Level and Expert Group (HLEG) on low dose risk research" was formed and carried out its work during 2008. The Group produced a report published by the European Commission in 2009 and available on the w... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3465772 Fri, 09 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3465772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3457039&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20376675%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Friedl AA, Rühm W PMID: 20376675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3457039 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3457039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3449810&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20369244%26dopt%3DAbstract Answers to the comments of A. Lerchl on the paper "No effects of intermittent 50-Hz EMF on cytoplasmic free calcium and on the mitochondrial membrane potential in human diploid fibroblasts" by Pilger et al. (Radiat Environ Biophys (2004) 43:203-207). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Apr 6; Authors: Pilger A PMID: 20369244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3449810 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3449810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3449809&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20369245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bolch WE, Lee C, Wayson M, Johnson P PMID: 20369245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3449809 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3449809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3449812&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20364264%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pugliese M, Bengin V, Casolino M, Roca V, Zanini A, Durante M Radiation assessment and protection in space is the first step in planning future missions to the Moon and Mars, where mission and number of space travelers will increase and the protection of the geomagnetic shielding against the cosmic radiation will be absent. In this framework, the shielding effectiveness of two flexible materials, Kevlar and Nextel, were tested, which are largely used in the construction of spacecrafts. Accelerator-based tests clearly demonstrated that Kevlar is an excellent shield for heavy ions, close to polyethylene, whereas Nextel shows poor shielding characteristics. Measurements on flight performed onboard of the International Space Station and of the Foton-M3 capsule have been carried ou... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3449812 Fri, 02 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3449812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3449811&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20364265%26dopt%3DAbstract Are these data real? Comments on "No effects of intermittent 50 Hz EMF on cytoplasmic free calcium and on the mitochondrial membrane potential in human diploid fibroblasts." by Pilger et al. (Radiat Environ Biophys 43:203-7 (2004)). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Apr 3; Authors: Lerchl A PMID: 20364265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3449811 Fri, 02 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3449811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3425927&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20352439%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Testa M, Bajard M, Chevallier M, Dauvergne D, Freud N, Henriquet P, Karkar S, Le Foulher F, Létang JM, Plescak R, Ray C, Richard MH, Schardt D, Testa E For real-time monitoring of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak during an ion therapy treatment, a novel non-invasive technique has been recently proposed that exploits the detection of prompt gamma-rays issued from nuclear fragmentation. Two series of experiments have been performed at the GANIL and GSI facilities with 95 and 305 MeV/u (12)C(6+) ion beams stopped in PMMA and water phantoms. In both experiments, a clear correlation was obtained between the carbon ion range and the prompt photon profile. Additionally, an extensive study has been performed to investigate whether a prompt neutron component may be corr... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3425927 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3425927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3412653&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20340029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wissmann F, Giesen U, Klages T, Schardt D, Martino G, Sunil C The ambient dose equivalent from the secondary radiation produced during irradiation of a cylindrical water phantom with 200 MeV/u (12)C-ions was investigated at the biophysics cave at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. Pencil-like ion beams were delivered by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 using the slow extraction mode. Since the secondary radiation field outside the phantom is complex in its particle composition and particle energy distribution, microdosimetric methods developed for the dosimetry of the cosmic radiation field at flight altitudes, which is similar in terms of complexity, were applied. Lineal energy distributions and the ambient dose equivalent were measured w... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3412653 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3412653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3412652&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20340030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akleyev AV, Akushevich IV, Dimov GP, Veremeyeva GA, Varfolomeyeva TA, Ukraintseva SV, Yashin AI The major goal of this study was to identify and quantitatively describe the association between the characteristics of chronic (low-dose rate) exposure to (low LET) ionizing radiation and cellularity of peripheral blood cell lines. About 3,200 hemograms (i.e., spectra of blood counts) obtained over the years of maximal exposure to ionizing radiation (1950-1956) for inhabitants of the Techa River were used in analyses. The mean cumulative red bone marrow dose (with standard errors), calculated using Techa River Dosimetry System-2000, was 333.6 +/- 4.6 mGy (SD = 259.9 mGy, max = 1151 mGy) to the year 1956. The statistical approach included both empirical methods for estimating freque... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3412652 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3412652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3399651&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20309705%26dopt%3DAbstract Comment on "Hybrid computational phantoms for medical dose reconstruction" by Bolch et al. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2010 Mar 23; Authors: Kramer R, Cassola V PMID: 20309705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3399651 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3399651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3399650&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20309706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Q, Paunesku T, Woloschak G Irradiation experiments conducted on dogs and mice at Argonne National Laboratory, IL between 1952 and 1992 led to creation of archives of paraffin-embedded tissues accompanied by extensive datasets with gross pathology and histopathology information. Over the past 40 years, these data were investigated computationally, using different statistical approaches. Embedded tissues are used to this day as a source of genomic and mitochondrial DNA for quantitative PCR amplification. Data and paraffin block sections are available upon request-interested researchers should visit the Websites http://janus.northwestern.edu/dog_tissues/introduction.php for dog and http://janus.northwestern.edu/janus2/index.php for mouse archive. PMID: 20309706 [PubMed -... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3399650 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3399650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3399649&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20309707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wakeford R, Darby SC, Murphy MF Notably raised rates of childhood leukaemia incidence have been found near some nuclear installations, in particular Sellafield and Dounreay in the United Kingdom, but risk assessments have concluded that the radiation doses estimated to have been received by children or in utero as a result of operations at these installations are much too small to account for the reported increases in incidence. This has led to speculation that the risk of childhood leukaemia arising from internal exposure to radiation following the intake of radioactive material released from nuclear facilities has been substantially underestimated. The radionuclides discharged from many nuclear installations are similar to those released into the global environment by atmosp... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3399649 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3399649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386124&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20238121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bassler N Due to their high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been the preferred optical photon detectors of astronomers for several decades. CCDs are flown in space as the main detection instrument on several well-known missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton or the Cassini Probe. Also, CCDs are frequently used in satellite star trackers which provide attitude information to the satellite orientation system. However, one major drawback is their extreme vulnerability to radiation, which is readily abundant in space. Here, we shall give a brief overview of the radiation effects on CCDs, and mention ways how to mitigate the effects in other ways than merely increase shielding, such as cooling and annealing. As an example, ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386124 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3386124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386125&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20237792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tempfer H, Hofmann W, Schober A, Lettner H, Dinu AL In the Gastein valley, Austria, radon-rich thermal water and air have been used for decades for the treatment of various diseases. To explore the exposure pathway of radon progeny adsorbed to the skin, progeny activities on the skin of patients exposed to thermal water (in a bathtub) and hot vapour (in a vapour chamber) were measured by alpha spectrometry. Average total alpha activities on the patients' skin varied from 1.2 to 4.1 Bq/cm(2) in the bathtub, and from 1.1 to 2.6 Bq/cm(2) in the vapour bath. Water pH-value and ion concentration did affect radon progeny adsorption on the skin, whereas skin greasiness and blood circulation did not. Measurements of the penetration of deposited radon progeny into the skin revealed a r... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386125 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3386125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371180&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20232074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lau P, Baumstark-Khan C, Hellweg CE, Reitz G Radiation response of bone cells, especially the bone-forming osteoblasts, is an important issue for radiotherapy in young age. A radiation-induced cell cycle arrest may enhance or accelerate osteoblastic differentiation. To analyze radiation response of osteoblastic cells, the correlation between DNA double-strand break induction (DSB), cell cycle alterations and gene expression modifications after X-irradiation was investigated in the osteoblast-like cell line OCT-1. As marker of the cellular response to DSB, the temporal appearance of gamma-H2AX foci after X-irradiation was visualized. Gene expression profiles of the key cell cycle regulatory protein p21 (CDKN1A), and the most abundant growth factor in human bone, transforming gr... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371180 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3371180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3354815&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20213138%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hille A, Grüger S, Christiansen H, Wolff HA, Volkmer B, Lehmann J, Dörr W, Rave-Fränk M Purpose of this work was to test the effect of tumour-cell-derived keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) or recombinant KGF (palifermin) on cell proliferation and radiation response of human HNSCC cells and normal keratinocytes in vitro. Four tumour cell cultures derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, primary keratinocytes, and immortalized keratinocytes were analysed. Fibroblasts, the natural source of KGF protein, served as controls. KGF expression was observed in primary and immortalized keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and in tumour cells, while significant KGF receptor expression was only found in keratinocytes. Recombinant KGF as well as tumour-cell-derived KGF caus... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3354815 Sun, 07 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3354815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3354816&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20213137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacob P, Ron E PMID: 20213137 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3354816 Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3354816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3328101&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20191284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brahme A, Lind BK During the last 20 years, the field of cellular and not least molecular radiation biology has been developed substantially and can today describe the response of heterogeneous tumors and organized normal tissues to radiation therapy quite well. An increased understanding of the sub-cellular and molecular response is leading to a more general systems biological approach to radiation therapy and treatment optimization. It is interesting that most of the characteristics of the tissue infrastructure, such as the vascular system and the degree of hypoxia, have to be considered to get an accurate description of tumor and normal tissue responses to ionizing radiation. In the limited space available, only a brief description of some of the most important concepts and... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3328101 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3328101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3284676&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20157720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bertho JM, Louiba S, Faure MC, Tourlonias E, Stefani J, Siffert B, Paquet F, Dublineau I The aim of this work was to define the possible occurrence of hematological changes during the course of a chronic ingestion of (137)Cs. A mouse model was used, with ingestion through drinking water with a cesium concentration of 20 kBq l(-1). Ingestion started in parent animals before mating, and (137)Cs intake and its effect on the hematopoietic system was studied in offspring at various ages between birth and 20 weeks. (137)Cs content was measured in various organs, indicating that (137)Cs was distributed throughout the organism including lympho-hematopoietic organs, i.e., femurs, spleen and thymus. However, we did not observe any effect on the hematopoietic system, whatever the paramet... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3284676 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3284676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244758&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20131061%26dopt%3DAbstract This study highlights areas where more research is needed to reduce biokinetic uncertainties, including more accurate determination of particle transport rates and long-term dissolution for plutonium compounds, a re-evaluation of long-term binding of dissolved plutonium, and further consideration of modeling for plutonium absorbed to blood from the lungs. PMID: 20131061 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244758 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179094&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20076963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krolak E, Kwapulinski J, Fischer A The vertical (137)Cs profile of forest and wasteland soils was analyzed in the south of the Podlasie Lowland area (Eastern Poland) about 20 years after the Chernobyl accident. In addition, the concentration of (40)K in soils of the investigated area was measured. Below the litter layer (mean thickness 3 cm), the soil samples were collected up to a depth of 12 cm and then divided into three layers: 0-3, 3-7, 7-12 cm. The behavior of (137)Cs and (40)K isotopes in soils was analyzed depending on the depth from which the soil samples were collected, as well as on the content of organic carbon, pH of soil and its granulometric composition. It was established that the density of (137)Cs in the litter layer equals 2.17 kBq m(-2); it is the highest i... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179094 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3157892&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20058155%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe, with minimal parameterization: the initial growth or extinction of a malignant clone after formation of a malignant cell; the likely dormancy caused, for example, by nutrient and oxygen deprivation; and possible escape from dormancy resulting in a clinical cancer. It is shown, using cohort simulations with parameters appropriate for lung adenocarcinomas, that incorporating such processes can dramatically lengthen predicted latency periods. Such long latency periods together with data on timing of radiation-induced cancers suggest that radiation may influence progression itself. PMID: 20058155 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3157892 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3157892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146757&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20049610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tapio S, Hornhardt S, Gomolka M, Leszczynski D, Posch A, Thalhammer S, Atkinson MJ PMID: 20049610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics) Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146757 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3146757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130027&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20039050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang L, Tan Z In this work, direct DNA damage induced by low-energy electrons (<5 keV) is simulated using Monte Carlo methods, and the resulting yield of various strand breaks and base damages in cellular environment is presented. The simulation is based on a new inelastic cross section for the production of electron track structure in liquid water, and on ionization cross sections of DNA bases to generate base radical. Especially, a systematic approach of simulating detailed base damage is suggested. This approach includes improvement of a volume model of DNA, generation of the DNA base sequence, conversion of ionization events in liquid water at hit site to the ionization interaction of electrons with DNA bases and development of an algorithm to convert a base radical to... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130027 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3130027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130026&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20039051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bolch W, Lee C, Wayson M, Johnson P As outlined in NCRP Report No. 160 of the US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), the average value of the effective dose to exposed individuals in the United States has increased by a factor of 1.7 over the time period 1982-2006, with the contribution of medical exposures correspondingly increasing by a factor of 5.7. At present, medical contributors to effective dose include computed tomography (50% of total medical exposure), nuclear medicine (25%), interventional fluoroscopy (15%), and conventional radiography and diagnostic fluoroscopy (10%). An increased awareness of medical exposures has led to a gradual shift in the focus of radiation epidemiological studies from traditional occupational and environmental... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130026 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3130026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122594&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20035342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dziegielewski J, Goetz W, Baulch JE The risk associated with space radiation exposure is unique from terrestrial radiation exposures due to differences in radiation quality, including linear energy transfer (LET). Both high- and low-LET radiations are capable of inducing genomic instability in mammalian cells, and this instability is thought to be a driving force underlying radiation carcinogenesis. Unfortunately, during space exploration, flight crews cannot entirely avoid radiation exposure. As a result, chemical and biological countermeasures will be an important component of successful extended missions such as the exploration of Mars. There are currently several radioprotective agents (radioprotectors) in use; however, scientists continue to search for ideal radioprotecti... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122594 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122595&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20033424%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Streffer C After a first wave of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations, a second wave appears 20-30 cell generations after radiation exposure and persists thereafter. This late effect is usually termed "genomic instability". A better term is "increased genomic instability". This effect has been observed in many cell systems in vitro and in vivo for quite a number of biological endpoints. The radiation-induced increase in genomic instability is apparently a general phenomenon. In the development of cancer, several mutations are involved. With increasing genomic instability, the probability for further mutations is enhanced. Several studies show that genomic instability is increased not only in the cancer cells but also in "normal" cells of cancer patients e.g. peripheral ly... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122595 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105524&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20020152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lindholm C, Acheva A, Salomaa S A large number of studies have revealed that irradiated subjects produce soluble factors found in their blood plasma which, when transferred into cell cultures from non-irradiated individuals, show clastogenic (chromosome breaking) activity. Increased yields of chromatid-type aberrations have been characteristic in most of these studies. Exposed cohorts of various origins have revealed to possess this feature: from A-bomb survivors to patients treated with radiotherapy. It is apparent that the plasma factors are sustainable for long time periods. On the other hand, they seem to be produced very fast after exposure. Considerable variation in the effect has been found between individuals with similar radiation exposure. Further, the phenomenon is ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105524 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015732&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19924427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson RC, Vives I Batlle J, Watts SJ, McDonald P, Jones SR, Craze A A conceptual model of the effects of chronic radiation on a population of phytoplankton and zooplankton in an oceanic nutrient layer is presented. The model shows that there are distinct threshold dose rates at which the different plankton populations become unsustainable. These are 10,400 microGy h(-1) for phytoplankton and 125 microGy h(-1) for zooplankton. Both these values are considerably greater than the current screening values for protection of 10 microGy h(-1). The model highlights the effects of predator-prey dynamics in predicting that when the zooplankton is affected by the radiation dose, the phytoplankton population can increase. In addition, the model was altered to replicate the dose rates to ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015732 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000687&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19916014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plante I, Cucinotta FA Radiation track structure simulations have been used for many years to study the DNA damage caused by heavy ions. These studies are highly relevant for treatment planning of heavy ion radiotherapy and space radiation risk assessment. Measurements of the frequency of delta-rays hits, mean specific energy per target hits and per ion, and the frequency of dose distribution in a cylindrical target volume placed at various radial distances from (4)He(2+), (12)C(6+) and (16)O(8+) tracks have been performed by Schmollack et al. (in Radiat Res 153:469-478, 2000). In the present work, Monte Carlo simulation of radiation tracks has been performed with the RITRACKS and the RETRACKS codes along with a target volume to simulate the experiment of Schmollack et al. The... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000687 Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2992381&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19908056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heidenreich WF, Cullings HM All recent analyses of the data on solid cancer incidence of the atomic bomb survivors are corrected for migration and random dose errors. In the usual treatment with grouped data and regression calibration, the calibration of doses depends on the used dose response. For solid cancers, it usually is linear. Here, an individual likelihood is presented which works without further adjustment for all dose responses. When the same assumptions are made as in the usual Poisson regression, equivalent results are obtained. But, the individual likelihood has the potential to use more detailed models for dose errors and to estimate non-linear dose responses without recalibration. As an example for the potential of the individual data set for the analysis of ri... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2992381 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2992381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944274&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19862545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Little MP, Tawn EJ, Tzoulaki I, Wakeford R, Hildebrandt G, Paris F, Tapio S, Elliott P Although the link between high doses of ionizing radiation and damage to the heart and coronary arteries has been well established for some time, the association between lower-dose exposures and late occurring cardiovascular disease has only recently begun to emerge, and is still controversial. In this paper, we extend an earlier systematic review by Little et al. on the epidemiological evidence for associations between low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation exposure and late occurring blood circulatory system disease. Excess relative risks per unit dose in epidemiological studies vary over at least two orders of magnitude, possibly a result of confounding and effect modification by we... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944274 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2944274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935429&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19855992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vives I Batlle J, Wilson RC, Watts SJ, McDonald P, Jones SR, Vives-Lynch SM, Craze A The basic principles underlying a four-discrete age group, logistic, growth model for the European lobster Homarus gammarus are presented and discussed at proof-of-concept level. The model considers reproduction, removal by predation, natural death, fishing, radiation and migration. Non-stochastic effects of chronic low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation are modelled with emphasis on (99)Tc, using three endpoints: repairable radiation damage, impairment of reproductive ability and, at higher dose rates, mortality. An allometric approach for the calculation of LD(50/30) as a function of the mass of each life stage is used in model calibration. The model predicts that at a dose rate of 1 Gy ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935429 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2935429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935428&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19855993%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kreuzer M, Grosche B, Schnelzer M, Tschense A, Dufey F, Walsh L Data from the German uranium miners cohort study were analyzed to investigate the radon-related risk of mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The Wismut cohort includes 58,987 men who were employed for at least 6 months from 1946 to 1989 at the former Wismut uranium mining company in Eastern Germany. By the end of 2003, a total of 3,016 lung cancer deaths, 3,355 deaths from extrapulmonary cancers, 5,141 deaths from heart diseases and 1,742 deaths from cerebrovascular diseases were observed. Although a number of studies have already been published on various endpoints in the Wismut cohort, the aim of the present analyses is to provide a direct comparison of the magnitude of radon-related risk for diffe... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935428 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2935428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911276&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19841929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zeeb H, Hammer GP, Langner I, Schafft T, Bennack S, Blettner M Aircrew members are exposed to cosmic radiation and other specific occupational factors. In a previous analysis of a large cohort of German aircrew, no increase in cancer mortality or dose-related effects was observed. In the present study, the follow-up of this cohort of 6,017 cockpit and 20,757 cabin crew members was extended by 6 years to 2003. Among male cockpit crew, the resulting all-cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) (n = 127) is 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8), while for brain tumors it is 2.1 (95% CI 1.0-3.9). The cancer risk is significantly raised (RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1) among cockpit crew members employed 30 years or more compared to those employed less than 10 years. Among both female and male cabin cre... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911276 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2911276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902074&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19834728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang SI, Lee LT, Zou ML, Fan CW, Yaung CL The purpose of the study was to investigate whether proximity to nuclear power plants may increase the risk of abnormal pregnant outcomes among the resident women. In this ecological study, data were used from the Health Services Birth Reports Database established by the Bureau of Health Promotion, National Department of Health, Taiwan, in 2001-2004. Chi-square-tests were carried out to investigate the "Plant-vicinity" and "Non plant-vicinity" group in terms of pregnancy outcome. Additionally, logistic regression was performed to investigate whether residence in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant was related to any abnormal pregnancy results. Based on data from 5,679 included subjects, no difference was observed between pregnancy ou... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902074 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2902074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895348&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19823862%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines for the first time cancer incidence between radiation and non-radiation workers in nuclear power facilities in the Republic of Korea. Radiation workers were defined as persons who were issued with a dosimeter at nuclear power facilities, until 2005. All analyses were conducted on male workers only (in total 16,236 individuals) because of the sparseness of females. Statistical analyses were carried out using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), to compare the cancer risks of radiation and non-radiation workers with those of the general population, and the chi(2) trend test was used to investigate any increase in cancer rates with dose. Poisson regression was also used to estimate the rate ratio (RR) and the excess relative risk (ERR) after considering the confounding ... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895348 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2895348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2834976&cid=s_36277_75_f&fid=36277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19779729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stenström K, Unkel I, Nilsson CM, Rääf C, Mattsson S This paper presents a study in which the specific activity of (14)C in hair has been investigated as an easily determined bio-indicator of the integrated (14)C exposure (over several months). The study includes 28 Swedish workers handling (14)C-labelled compounds, or working in a (14)C-enriched environment. Hair samples from personnel at a Swedish nuclear power plant showed very low levels of (14)C contamination, if any. In contrast, personnel at the investigated research departments showed (14)C levels in hair of up to 60% above the natural specific activity of (14)C. Much higher levels, up to 80 times the natural specific activity of (14)C, were found in hair from individuals working at a pharmaceutical rese... Radiation and Environmental Biophysics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2834976 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2834976