MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Regulatory Peptides' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 13:38:43 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636852&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280799%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alves ES, Haidar AA, Quadros CD, Carvalho DS, Morgan D, Rocha MS, Curi R, Carpinelli AR, Hirata AE Abstract Angiotensin II (AII), the active component of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), plays a vital role in the regulation of physiological processes of the cardiovascular system, but also has autocrine and paracrine actions in various tissues and organs. Many studies have shown the existence of RAS in the pancreas of humans and rodents. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential signaling pathways mediated by AII in isolated pancreatic islets of rats. Phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK and p38MAPK), and the interaction between proteins JAK/STAT were evaluated. AII increased JAK2/STAT1 (42%) and JAK2/STAT3 (100%) interaction without altering the total content of ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636852 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636851&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280800%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bhatia V, Kim SO, Aronson JF, Chao C, Hellmich MR, Falzon M Abstract Pancreatitis is a common and potentially lethal necro-inflammatory disease with both acute and chronic manifestations. Current evidence suggests that the accumulated damage incurred during repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis (AP) can lead to chronic disease, which is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. While parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) exerts multiple effects in normal physiology and disease states, its function in pancreatitis has not been previously addressed. Here we show that PTHrP levels are transiently elevated in a mouse model of cerulein-induced AP. Treatment with alcohol, a risk factor for both AP and chronic pancreatitis (CP), also increases PTHrP levels. The... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636851 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636850&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280801%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ocskó T, Gálfi M, Radács M, Molnár Z, Kis GK, Rákosi K, Molnár AH, László F, László FA, Varga C Abstract The effects of orexin-monoaminergic compound interactions on oxytocin release were studied in 14-day rat neurohypophyseal cell cultures prepared by an enzymatic dissociation technique. The oxytocin contents of the supernatants were determined by radioimmunoassay. Following the administration of orexin-A or orexin-B in increasing doses, significant changes were not observed in the oxytocin content of the supernatant media. The oxytocin level increased substantially in response to adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, histamine, dopamine or K(+) treatment. Preincubation with orexin-A or orexin-B reduced the adrenaline-, histamine- or serotonin-induced oxytocin l... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636850 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619101&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22252224%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, receptor expression level is an important parametre for selecting cell lines with cloned GLP-1 receptors for functional characterization of physiological and pharmaceutical ligands. PMID: 22252224 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619101 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595365&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22233836%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pyarokhil AH, Ishihara M, Sasaki M, Kitamura N Abstract The regional distribution and relative frequency of peptide YY (PYY)-, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-immunoreactive (IR) cells were determined immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal tract at seven ontogenetic stages in pre- and postnatal cattle. Different frequencies of PYY-, PP-, and GLP-1-IR cells were found in the intestines at all stages; they were not found in the esophagus and stomach. The frequencies varied depending on the intestinal segment and the developmental stage. The frequencies of PYY- and PP-IR cells were lower in the small intestine and increased from ileum to rectum, whereas GLP-1-IR cells were more numerous in duodenum and jejunum, decreased in ileum and c... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595365 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557922&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ng T, Chand D, Song L, Al Chawaf A, Watson JD, Boutros PC, Belsham DD, Lovejoy DA Abstract The teneurins are a family of four large transmembrane proteins that are highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where they have been implicated in development and CNS function. At the tip of the carboxyl terminus of each teneurin lies a 43-amino acid sequence, that when processed, could liberate an amidated 41-residue peptide. We have called this region the teneurin C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP). Picomolar concentrations of the synthetic version of TCAP-1 inhibit stress-induced cocaine reinstatement in rats. Because cocaine-seeking is associated with increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain, we examined whether synthetic mouse TCAP-1 has th... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557922 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557921&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jonassen AK, Wergeland A, Helgeland E, Mjøs OD, Brar BK Abstract Corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 2β (CRFR2β) is expressed in the myocardium. In the present study we explore whether acute treatment with the neuropeptide corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) could induce cytoprotection against a lethal ischemic insult in the heart (isolated murine neonatal cardiac myocytes and the isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart) by activating CRFR2. In vitro, CRF offered cytoprotection when added prior to lethal simulated ischemic stress by reducing apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Ex vivo, CRF significantly reduced infarct size from 52.1±3.1% in control hearts to 35.3±3.1% (P<0.001) when administered prior to a lethal ischemic insult. The CRF peptide did not conf... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557921 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557920&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209991%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: These results indicate that apelin-12 stimulates gastric acid secretion through an increase in histamine release and synthesis from gastric mucosa, suggesting that apelin might play a role in the secretion of gastric acid or serve as a regulating factor of the secretion of gastric acid. PMID: 22209991 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557920 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5557919&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209992%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, increased production of NO by iNOS may contribute to cytotoxic injury, resulting in cisplatin-induced nephropathy, while the up-regulation of renal natriuretic peptide synthesis together with the down-regulation of NEP and NPR-C may contribute to the natriuresis and diuresis seen in cisplatin-induced nephropathy. PMID: 22209992 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5557919 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5557919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526209&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166493%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined whether TNFα can regulate PTP1B expression and activity using rat hypothalamic organotypic cultures. Incubation of cultures with TNFα resulted in increases in mRNA expression, protein levels and activity of PTP1B in a dose- and time-dependent manner, respectively compared with controls. TNFα-induced PTP1B protein levels were not influenced by co-incubation with the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, indicating that the action of TNFα is independent of action potentials. TNFα also increased phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. While incubation with inhibitors of NFκB did not affect basal levels of either p65 phosphorylation or PTP1B expression, it markedly suppressed both TNFα-induced p65 p... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526209 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526210&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137939%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we found that enteral ghrelin influences the gut mucosa remodeling in a dose-related manner in the early postnatal period. Moreover in neonates, stomach activity does not interfere with the action of ghrelin in the small intestine. PMID: 22137939 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526210 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472119&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soares VM, Garcia-Souza EP, Lacerda-Miranda G, Moura AS Abstract Ghrelin is a hormone synthesized by the stomach that acts in different tissues via a specific receptor (GHS-R1a), including hypothalamus and adipose tissue. For instance, recent reports have shown that ghrelin has a direct action on hypothalamic regulation of food intake mainly inducing an orexigenic effect. On the other hand, ghrelin also modulates energy stores and expenditure in the adipocytes. This dual action has suggested that this hormone may act as a link between the central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms. Furthermore, concerning nutritional disorders, it has been suggested that obesity may be considered an impairment of the above cited link. Therefore, considering that neonatal overfeeding ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472119 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472118&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119756%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki H, Itoh M, Yamamoto T Abstract Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to investigate the distribution of a chemokine, namely, CXCL14-like immunoreactivity in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens) pituitaries. CXCL14-immunoreactive cells concentrated at an area of the pars distalis adjacent to the pars intermedia. We found that these cells correspond to the cells immunoreactive to an antibody against rat growth hormone (GH). Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the CXCL14-like substance and GH coexisted on the secretory granules in the axolotl pituitary. Western blot analysis of axolotl pituitary extracts revealed the anti-human CXCL14 antibody labeled an approximately 16.6-kDa band that was not labeled by the... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472118 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472117&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cabiati M, Caselli C, Savelli S, Prescimone T, Lionetti V, Giannessi D, Del Ry S Abstract The prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 is a novel vascular inflammatory marker sharing similarities with the classic short pentraxin (C-reactive protein). PTX3 is rapidly produced and released by several cell types in response to local inflammation of the cardiovascular system. Plasma PTX3 levels are very low in normal conditions and increase in heart failure (HF) patients with advancing NYHA functional class, but its exact role during HF pathogenetic mechanisms is not yet established. No data about PTX3 cardiac expression in normal and pathological conditions are currently available, either in human or in large-size animals. Of the latter, the pig has a central role in "in vivo" clinical... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472117 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472116&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120829%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined 20 normal-weight males (age 25±1.7years, BMI 24±0.5kg/m(2)) in a prospective double-blind randomized fashion. On two different days they obtained a ghrelin infusion 1ng/kg/min or intravenous saline starting one hour after a standardized meal. Hunger and satiety ratings were documented by visual analogue scales. A second meal was served on demand and consumed until feeling satiated. Time point of the second meal as well as ingested calories were registered. Prior to the start of i.v. ghrelin the postprandial decrease of active plasma ghrelin by 30pg/ml was comparable. In the controls the postprandial reduction was significant until 210min compared to basal. With i.v. ghrelin basal levels were reached within 10min. The maximal rise was twice basal. No effect was observed on hun... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472116 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472115&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120830%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eckersten D, Henningsson R Abstract Production of nitric oxide through the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been detected in the islets of Langerhans. The inducible isoform of NOS (iNOS) is induced by cytokines and might contribute to the development of type-1 diabetes, while the constitutive isoform (cNOS) is thought to be implicated in the physiological regulation of insulin secretion. In the present study we have detected and quantified islet cNOS- and iNOS-derived NO production concomitant with measuring its influence on insulin secretion in the presence of different secretagogues: glucose, l-arginine, l-leucine and α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) both during fasting and freely fed conditions. In intact islets from freely fed mice both cNOS- and iNOS-activity was... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472115 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472114&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kageyama K, Akimoto K, Yamagata S, Sugiyama A, Murasawa S, Watanuki Y, Tamasawa N, Suda T Abstract Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptides (GHRPs) are synthetic peptides that strongly induce GH release. GHRPs act via a specific receptor, the GHRP receptor (GHSR), of which ghrelin is a natural ligand. GHRPs also induce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release in healthy subjects. GHRPs or ghrelin stimulate ACTH release via corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginin vasopressin in the hypothalamus. Stress-activated CRF neurons are suppressed by glucocorticoids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), while CRF gene is up-regulated by glucocorticoids in the PVN cells without the influence of input neurons. However, little is known about the regulation of ghre... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472114 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472113&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120832%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study is to gain further insight on the effect of the insulin sensitizing agents, PPAR-γ agonists, on the distribution of the adiponectin isoforms and the adiponectin receptors, adipoR1 and adipoR2 in an animal model of obesity and insulin resistance. To achieve the objective, Zucker fatty rats were treated with pioglitazone, rosiglitazone or placebo for six weeks. At the end of the treatment, total adiponectin, adiponectin isoforms and adiponectin receptors expression were measured. In order to see the possible relation with insulin sensitivity parameters, HOMA-IR, muscle insulin-stimulated glucose transport, muscle GLUT4 and plasma free fatty acids were also measured. The two glitazones improved insulin sensitivity and both muscle insulin-stimulated glucose transpo... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472113 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472112&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120833%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Liraglutide prevented the onset of ER stress in human endothelial cells exposed to HG. Our data suggest that Liraglutide may exert its effects by inducing mitochondrial fusion processes, thus preventing HG induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis in human endothelial cells. PMID: 22120833 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472112 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376853&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036920%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, nesfatin-1 levels did not differ between HD patients and healthy subjects and negatively correlated with protein intake. This pathway is likely not dysregulated in uremia. PMID: 22036920 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376853 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376854&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakano-Tateno T, Shichiri M, Suzuki-Kemuriyama N, Tani Y, Izumiyama H, Hirata Y Abstract The effects of centrally administered Angiotensin II (Ang II) on water and food intake in rodent models are well known. However, most studies have focused on the acute effects of intracranial Ang II. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of intracerebroventricular Ang II on food and water intake as well as locomotor activity over the entire dark phase of the murine diurnal cycle. Consistent with the previous reports, centrally administered Ang II rapidly stimulated water intake over the initial 1-hour period following treatment. However, this acute increase was immediately followed by a marked reduction in water intake resulting in decreased cumulative water intake approximate... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376854 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324094&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21985915%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rehfeld JF, Agersnap M Abstract Tyrosyl O-sulfation is a common posttranslational derivatization of proteins that may also modify regulatory peptides. Among these are members of the cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin family. While sulfation of gastrin peptides is without effect on the bioactivity, O-sulfation is crucial for the cholecystokinetic activity (i.e. gallbladder emptying) of CCK peptides. Accordingly, the purification of CCK as a sulfated peptide was originally monitored by its gallbladder emptying effect. Since then, the dogma has prevailed that CCK peptides are always sulfated. The dogma is correct in a semantic context since the gallbladder expresses only the CCK-A receptor that requires sulfation of the ligand. CCK peptides, however, are also ligands for the CCK-B... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324094 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5324094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324093&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21985916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cai Y, Zhang Z, Fan K, Zhang J, Shen W, Li M, Si D, Luo H, Zeng Y, Fu P, Liu C Abstract The study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution, excretion, and antiviral activity properties of a novel pegylated recombinant human consensus interferon-α variant (PEG-IFN-SA) following a single subcutaneous administration to monkeys, rats and guinea pigs. Studies included: (1) pharmacokinetic properties of PEG-IFN-SA and comparison with those of non-pegylated IFN-SA in rhesus monkeys and rats; (2) tissue distribution and urinary, fecal, and biliary excretion patterns of (125)I-PEG-IFN-SA in guinea pigs; and (3) antiviral activity assessment of PEG-IFN-SA in cynomolgus monkeys. The pegylated protein exhibited improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to IFN-... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324093 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5324093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324096&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21982784%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The damage to pancreatic issue may be associated with the increased level of oxidative stress caused by acute blood glucose fluctuation. PMID: 21982784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324096 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5324096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324095&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21982785%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the hypothesis that neutral (APN) and dipeptidyl-IV (DPPIV) aminopeptidase activity levels would be critical for the susceptibility to arthritis in collagen-induced model (CIA). The macroscopic signs of arthritis in CIA rats were checked and peripheral blood, synovial fluid and synovial tissue from knee joint were withdrawn. Soluble (SF) and solubilized membrane-bound (MF) fractions from the synovial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained. APN and DPPIV activities were fluorometrically quantified. Severe swelling in both the entire hind paws was the minimum criterion to select CIA rats with arthritis. These arthritic rats had high APN in plasma, synovial fluid and SF of the synovial tissue, together with low APN and DPPIV in MF of PBMCs and... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324095 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5324095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294097&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968151%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These observations identify a novel property of the putative GTPase-activating protein IQGAP2 in LCFA uptake in vitro and in vivo, and implicate IQGAP2 in an intracellular signaling pathway necessary for functional fatty acid uptake, lipid processing, and, possibly, glucose homeostasis. PMID: 21968151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294097 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294096&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21971115%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gomez G, Han S, Englander EW, Greeley GH Abstract The aims of this study were: (1) to define the extent to which a high-fat (HF) diet given on a long-term basis reduces resting plasma ghrelin (total [acyl+des-acyl]) levels and the plasma ghrelin (total) response to fasting, (2) to determine whether a chronic HF diet modifies the orexigenic activity of acyl-ghrelin, (3) whether insulin pretreatment inhibits the plasma ghrelin (total) response to fasting, and (4) the extent to which pioglitazone (PIO) treatment will increase stomach and plasma ghrelin (total) levels in rats fed a HF diet. PIO is a drug given to diabetics which improves insulin resistance. Our findings show that a chronic HF diet given for either 10 or 60weeks exerts a persistent inhibitory effect on resting ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294096 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294095&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21971116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rutkowski P, Sledzinski T, Zielińska H, Lizakowski S, Goyke E, Szrok-Wojtkiewicz S, Swierczynski J, Rutkowski B Abstract Chemerin is an adipokine associated with metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation and innate immune system. It has been suggested recently that the decrease in renal function may cause an increase in serum chemerin concentration. In this paper we investigated the effect of kidney transplantation on elevated serum chemerin concentration in dialyzed patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Twenty five ESRD patients were tested before and 3months after the kidney transplantation. The control group was comprised of twenty one healthy subjects. Serum chemerin concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA kit, and were related to clinical status, ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294095 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294094&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21971117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onaga T, Oh-Ishi T, Shimoda T, Nishimoto S, Hayashi H Abstract The present study investigated a role of tachykinins (TK) and neurokinin (NK) receptors (NK-R) in the non-cholinergic regulation of omasal contractions in sheep. Semiquantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR revealed that both preprotachykinin (PPT)-A and PPT-B mRNA were distributed in the omasal muscle layers and that NK-R type-1 (NK-1R) and type-2 (NK-2R) mRNA were largely expressed in the same tissues. Cumulative application of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) at 0.03-10μM induced tonic contractions of omasal muscle strips, and the contractile amplitude increased in order of NKB<SP≪NKA in longitudinal and circular muscle strips. Although cumulative application of NK-1R ant... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294094 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294098&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963822%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, an increase in endogenous ghrelin levels triggered by fasting or STZ-induced diabetes stimulates the expression of AgRP and NPY via interaction with the GHS-R. The changes in AMPK activity, pACC and UCP2 occur independently from GHS-R suggesting that they do not play a major role in the orexigenic effect of endogenous ghrelin. PMID: 21963822 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294098 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294093&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924298%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The obtained results showed that the serum VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not have any correlation with basic levels of leptin. In addition, it was concluded that levels of different resting leptin is ineffective on serum levels of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 at rest and in response to exercise in normal healthy subjects. PMID: 21924298 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294093 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240924&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924298%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The obtained results showed that the serum VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not have any correlation with basic levels of leptin. In addition, it was concluded that levels of different resting leptin is ineffective on serum levels of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 at rest and in response to exercise in normal healthy subjects. PMID: 21924298 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240924 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5225815&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911011%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Apelin induces hypotensive and positive inotropic effects in medium doses. However, in higher doses it elicits hypotensive and negative inotropic effects in 2K1C rats. Down regulation of apelin receptor in nonischemic kidney of hypertensive rats may play a role in pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension. Apelin together with renin-angiotensin antagonism may play a useful role in treatment of this type of hypertension. PMID: 21911011 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5225815 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5225815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5225814&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911012%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu Y, Li G, Du B, Zhang P, Xiao L, Sirois P, Li K Abstract Hepcidin is a key player in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Several pathological conditions associated with iron overload are attributed to the depressed expression of hepcidin and are often associated with bone diseases including osteoporosis. Hepcidin was suggested to have anti-osteoporosis effects by preventing iron overload. We recently observed that hepcidin could increase intracellular calcium concentration in cultured osteoblast cells. The present study was designed to elucidate the source of the increased intracellular calcium following hepcidin activation. Cultured hFOB1.19 cells were used to test whether there was a dose dependent effect of hepcidin on increasing intracellular calcium. After finding t... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5225814 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5225814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215684&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coiro V, Volpi R, Cataldo S, Magotti MG, Giumelli C, Russo F, Stella A, Chiodera P Abstract The NPY secretory pattern after an insulin tolerance test (ITT) (0.15IU/kg body weight) was evaluated in 8 normal men. They were infused with normal saline (control test), glucose or fructose. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia produced a significant increment in serum NPY in the control test. The infusion of fructose was unable to change the NPY secretory pattern during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In contrast, the NPY increase during ITT was completely abolished when the concomitant infusion of glucose prevented insulin-induced hypoglycemia. These results exclude a direct role of hyperinsulinemia in the mechanism underlying the inhibition of NPY secretion during ITT. Furthermore, since... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215684 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215685&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21906630%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Ghrelin showed an inverse correlation with age and leptin showed a direct correlation with anthropometric parameters and female gender in healthy children. Insulin did not show any correlation. PMID: 21906630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215685 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215688&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buckley CL, Stokes AJ Abstract C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice are generally regarded as a mast cell-deficient model, as they lack the necessary kit receptor for mast cell development. Further characterization of this strain, however, indicates that C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice also have a disruption in the Corin gene. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease critical for processing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from pro-ANP through proteolytic cleavage. Pro-ANP is produced, stored and released by cardiac myocytes in response to atrial stretch and the stress generated by increased afterload such as increased ventricular pressure from aortic stenosis or myocardial infarction. ANP inhibits the effects of the renin-angiotensin system to preserve homeostasis under conditions of ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215688 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215687&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903140%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effects of a high-fat diet containing relatively high levels of saturated compared to unsaturated fatty acids (HiSat) to a high-fat diet with higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USat). A HiSat compared to USat meal caused rats to consume more calories in a subsequent chow test meal. The HiSat meal also increased circulating levels of triglycerides (TG) and expression of the orexigenic peptides, galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and orexin (OX) in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH). A similar increase in TG levels and PVN GAL and PFLH OX was also seen in rats given chronic access to the HiSat compared to USat diet, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus showed decreased express... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215687 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215686&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903141%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that GHR-R activity is required for the induction of locomotor sensitization to nicotine and complement an emerging literature implicating central GHR systems in drug reward/reinforcement. PMID: 21903141 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215686 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215689&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosin C, López Ordieres MG, Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz G Abstract Previous work from this laboratory showed the ability of neurotensin to inhibit synaptosomal membrane Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, the effect being blocked by SR 48692, a non-peptidic antagonist for high affinity neurotensin receptor (NTS1) [López Ordieres and Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz 2000; 2001]. To further study neurotensin interaction with Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, peptide effect on high affinity [(3)H]-ouabain binding was studied in cerebral cortex membranes. It was observed that neurotensin modified binding in a dose-dependent manner, leading to 80% decrease with 1×10(-4)M concentration. On the other hand, the single addition of 1×10(-6)M, 1×10(-5)M and 1×10(-4)M SR 48692 (Sanofi-Aventis, U.S., Inc.) ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215689 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215690&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21893106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McGirr R, McFarland MS, McTavish J, Luyt LG, Dhanvantari S Abstract Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the stomach. It binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor. In the present study, we describe the design, synthesis and characterization of a truncated, 18-amino acid analog of ghrelin conjugated to a fluorescent molecule, fluorocein isothiocyanate (FITC), through the addition of a lysine at its C terminus ([Dpr(octanoyl)(3), Lys(fluorescein)(19)]ghrelin(1-19)). Receptor binding affinity of this novel fluorescein-ghrelin(1-18) was similar to that of wild-type ghrelin and a synthetic GHS-R1a ligand, hexarelin. Live cell imaging in CHO/GHS-R1a cells demonstrated cell surface receptor labeling and ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215690 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215691&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889546%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determined whether colonic contraction in adults was affected by antenatal maternal hypoxia, and whether OT is involved in antenatal maternal hypoxia induced colonic contraction disorder. Isometric spontaneous contractions were recorded in colonic longitudinal muscle strips in order to investigate colonic contractions and the effects of exogenous OT on the contraction in antenatal maternal hypoxia and control mice. Both high potassium and carbachol-induced contractions of proximal colon but not distal colon were reduced in antenatal maternal hypoxia mice. Exogenous OT decreased the contractions of proximal colonic smooth muscle strips in control mice, while it increased contractions in antenatal maternal hypoxia mice. OT increased the contractions of distal colonic smooth muscle... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215691 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215692&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21888930%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dall'aglio C, Zannoni A, Mercati F, Forni M, Bacci ML, Boiti C Abstract The aim of the present work was to characterize the expression and cell type distribution of the orexinic system in the major swine salivary glands by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. Tissue samples of the mandibular (MSG), sub-lingual, and parotid glands were obtained from six pigs. Marked differences in the expression of the orexinergic system were observed among the salivary glands. Prepro-orexin (PPOX) mRNA abundance was approximately 15-fold higher (P<0.05) in MSG than in the others salivary glands. The expression level of OX1R mRNA did not differ among the salivary glands, while that for OX2R transcript was undetectable. The hypothalamus, used as positive control tissues, showed the... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215692 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189052&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Polakof S, Míguez JM, Soengas JL Abstract Although the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) on fish appetite regulation has been widely studied, its involvement in the regulation of glucose metabolism had been little explored to date. In the present study we have carried out different experimental approaches to study CCK effects in rainbow trout (a so-called 'glucose intolerant' fish species) glucose homeostasis. We have found that for the first time in a vertebrate species, systemic or central CCK administration causes hyperglycemia, which is at least in part related to the presence of an ancestral gut-brain axis in which CCK is involved. By using capsaicin we have found that part of the action of CCK on glucose homeostasis is mediated by vagal and splanchnic afferents. Changes... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189052 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5189052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189051&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871928%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Albertin G, Guidolin D, Sorato E, Oselladore B, Tortorella C, Ribatti D Abstract Urotensin-II (U-II) is an endogenous peptide recently characterized as a "nonclassic" pro-angiogenic cytokine. In fact, human vascular endothelial cells express the U-II receptor and exhibit a strong in vitro angiogenic response to the peptide, which was specifically triggered by the binding of U-II to its receptor and involved the activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, available studies, designed to investigate the pro-angiogenic effect quite shortly following U-II stimulation, suggested that the angiogenic action of the peptide was direct and not associated with an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and/or its receptors. In the present ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189051 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5189051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089812&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21803077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dutra SC, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC, Trevenzoli IH, Passos MC We showed that neonatal leptin treatment programmes for hyperleptinemia and central leptin resistance both at 30days-old and adulthood, while programmes for lower serum T3 at 30days-old, but higher thyroid hormones (TH) at adulthood. As in these animals, acute cold at 30days-old normalized leptinemia and restored the expression of hypothalamic leptin receptor (OBR), here we evaluate the effect of cold exposure on the thyroid function and OBR in adult rats programmed by neonatal hyperleptinemia. Pups were divided into 2 groups: Lep-injected with leptin (8μg/100g/BW, sc) for the first 10days of lactation, and C-injected with saline. At 150days, both groups were subdivided into: LepC and CC, which were exposed to 8°C fo... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089812 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5089812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089817&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ghourab S, Beale KE, Semjonous NM, Simpson KA, Martin NM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Smith KL Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28 amino acid peptide expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. VIP and the VIP receptor VPAC(2)R are expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. VIP has been shown to be involved in the regulation of energy balance in a number of non-mammalian vertebrates. We therefore examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of VIP on food intake, energy expenditure and activity in adult male Wistar rats. VIP administration caused a potent short lived decrease in food intake and an increase in activity and energy expenditure. The pathways potentially involved in the anorexigen... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089817 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5089817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089870&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21784108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li J, Ma W, Wang S Gastrointestinal (GI) motility and gut hormones have been considered to be involved in the development and maintenance of obesity. Our aim was to assess the relationships between gastric emptying (GE), GI transit and gut hormones and leptin concentrations in diet-induced obese rat model. Male 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat (HF) diet for 8weeks to generate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and diet resistant (DR) rats. GE, GI transit and plasma ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), PYY and leptin concentrations were determined in DIO, DR and control (CON) rats. The DIO rats had slower GE, higher plasma leptin and CCK concentrations, and lower plasma ghrelin concentration compared with CON and DR rats. GE was correlated with plasma ghrelin (r=0.402... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089870 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5089870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089869&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21784109%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Obestatin, present in lower levels in Tx patients than in CKD patients and HS, plays a role in energy metabolism, affecting BMI and the metabolism of calcium-phosphorus. PMID: 21784109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089869 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5089869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089868&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21787808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira VX, Fázio MA, Silva AF, Campana PT, Pesquero JB, Santos EL, Costa-Neto CM, Miranda A Angiotensin II (AII) is the active octapeptide product of the renin enzymatic cascade, which is responsible for sustaining blood pressure. In an attempt to establish the AII-receptor-bound conformation of this octapeptide, we designed conformationally constrained analogs by scanning the entire AII sequence with an i-(i+2) and i-(i+3) lactam bridge consisting of an Asp-(Xaa)(n)-Lys scaffold. Most analogs presented low agonistic activity when compared to AII in the different bioassays tested. The exceptions are cyclo(0-1a) [Asp(0), endo-(Lys(1a))]-AII (1) and [Asp(0), endo-(Lys(1a))]-AII (2), both of which showed activity similar to AII. Based on peptide 1 and the analog cyclo(3-5)[Sar... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089868 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5089868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089871&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Costa-E-Sousa RH, Souza LL, Calviño C, Cabanelas A, Almeida NA, Oliveira KJ, Pazos-Moura CC Neuropeptide Y (NPY) inhibits TRH neurons in fed state, and hypothalamic NPY higher expression during fasting has been proposed to be involved in fasting-induced suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. We investigated the role of central Y5 receptors in the control of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone (TH) secretion. Fed and fasting rats received twice daily central injections (3rd ventricle) of Y5 receptor antagonist (CGP71683; 15nmol/rat) for 72h. Fasted rats also received a single central injection of CGP71683 (15nmol/rat) at the end of 72h of fasting. In fed rats, Y5 receptor blockade reduced total food intake by 32% and body mass by almost 10% (p<0.01)... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089871 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5089871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5038999&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21756942%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, PTH is able to facilitate NE release in human atria and renal cortex by activation of PTH1-receptors. The highly increased PTH levels that can be observed in chronic renal failure might be one contributor for the elevated sympathetic nerve activity and the associated cardiovascular mortality in patients with end stage renal disease. PMID: 21756942 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5038999 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5038999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5039000&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723886%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the functional evolution of GIP and its relationship with insulin to delineate their respective roles in promoting nutrient efficiency. Expression patterns were examined in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate lacking a distinct pancreas, and in the zebrafish, Xenopus laevis, chicken, and mouse, organisms possessing extraintestinal pancreata. Although sea lamprey genomic analysis predicted a potential GIP-like gene, transcripts were not detected, and insulin expression was confined to the caudal pancreatic bud. GIP was detected in both the intestine and pancreas of the zebrafish and X. laevis. In contrast, GIP and insulin expression were limited to the intestine and pancreas, respectively, in chicken and mouse. Phylogenetic analysis of the glucagon-like liga... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5039000 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5039000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5039001&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21718723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Z, Liu Q, Cai H, Xu C, Liu G, Li Z Cerebral ischemia is one of the diseases that most compromise the human species. Therapeutic recovery of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption represents a novel promising approach to reduce brain injury after stroke. To determine the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the BBB participate in stroke progression, rat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was induced by a 2-hour left transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using an intraluminal filament, followed by 46h of reperfusion. CGRP (1μg/ml) at the dose of 3μg/kg (i.p.) was administered at the beginning of reperfusion. Subsequently, 48h after MCAO, arterial blood pressure, infarct volume, water content, BBB permeability, BBB ultrastructure, levels of aquap... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5039001 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5039001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5039003&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21693136%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study showed that morphological changes in duodenum cholecystokinin-producing (I) cells occurred in diabetic rats, in a manner which, suggests compensatory effort of CCK cells in diabetic condition. PMID: 21693136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5039003 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5039003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5039002&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21704083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Down RE, Matthews HJ, Audsley N Insect myosuppressins and myosuppressin analogues were tested for oral toxicity against the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) by incorporation into an artificial diet. Acyrthosiphon pisum myosuppressin (Acypi-MS) and leucomyosuppressin (LMS) had significant dose-dependent effects (0.1-0.5μg peptide/μl diet) on feeding suppression, mortality, reduced growth and fecundity compared with control insects, but Acypi-MS was more potent than LMS. One hundred percent of aphids had died after 10days of feeding on 0.5μg Acypi-MS/μl diet whereas 40% of aphids feeding on 0.5μg LMS/μl diet were still alive after 13days. Myosuppressins were degraded by aphid gut enzymes; degradation was most likely due to a carboxypeptidase-like protease, an aminope... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5039002 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5039002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946509&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21664384%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is about designing a novel analog of hPTH (1-34) which is more suitable for intranasal administration. We likewise evaluate effectiveness of the nasal drops against osteoroporosis. Through fusion expression of combining gene, cell disruption, inclusion body washing, ethanol fraction precipitation, acid hydrolysis, and CM-52 ion exchange column chromatography Pro-Pro-[Arg(11)] hPTH (1-34)-Pro-Pro was designed and produced. Nasal drops of Pro-Pro-[Arg(11)] hPTH (1-34)-Pro-Pro were prepared and administrated to ovariectomized rats. After 12weeks of raising, Bone Material Densities (BMD) of vertebrae were examined by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). The average BMD of these groups treated with nasal drops of the peptide were 28.0%-47.2% (P<0.01) higher than that of the gr... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946509 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946512&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coiro V, Volpi R, Stella A, Maccanelli F, Araldi A, Giumelli C, Magotti MG, Cataldo S, Chiodera P The present study was undertaken in order to establish whether somatostatin (SRIH) is able to modify the neuropeptide Y (NPY) response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia during insulin tolerance test (ITT) in man. In addition, the possible involvement of opioid peptides in the mediation of hypoglycemia and/or SRIH action was investigated. Subjects were injected intravenously with 0.15IU/kg insulin alone (control test) or with SRIH (4.1μg/min/90min), naloxone (10mg in an iv bolus) or the combination of the two substances. Plasma NPY concentrations rose significantly during ITT. The NPY response was significantly reduced by the treatment with SRIH. The administration of naloxone did n... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946512 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946511&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640761%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests a potential involvement of IMD in regulating the factors that are critical for implantation and growth of the embryo and thus in establishment of normal rat pregnancy. PMID: 21640761 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946511 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946513&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640759%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Our results show that ghrelin can be proposed to protect the liver against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect may be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects. PMID: 21640759 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946513 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4946510&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640762%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: In hypercholesterolemic patients with moderate estimated cardiovascular risk, atorvastatin administration reduced hsCRP and increased serum vaspin levels compared to lifestyle modification. The relation of those pleiotropic, non-lipid-lowering effects of statins with their clinical outcomes remains to be proved. PMID: 21640762 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4946510 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4946510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897734&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21635925%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, fasting PYY(3-36) concentrations in type 2 diabetic subjects are high. Although high PYY(3-36) is strongly linked to obesity and associated insulin resistance, the relation between PYY(3-36) and type 2 diabetes is independent of body fatness. PMID: 21635925 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897734 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4897734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897766&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21621561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chung HS, Oh JY, Yoo SB, Lee SM, Cho HS The aim of this study was to develop novel long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). We constructed three fusion proteins comprising GLP-1 and the human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain (IgG-Fc); wild-type GLP-1 and IgG-Fc (GLP-1/IgG-Fc) and two N-terminal-extended fusion proteins in which an additional Ala (A) or Gly (G) was located on the N-terminus of GLP-1 (A-GLP-1/IgG-Fc or G-GLP-1/IgG-Fc). The fusion proteins expressed in CHO-K1 cells were secreted into medium and purified by Protein A affinity chromatography. Here, we show that the Ala or Gly-extended GLP-1/IgG-Fc fusion protein is resistant to DPP-IV and has increased half-life in vivo. To our surprise, the A-GLP-1/IgG-Fc f... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897766 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4897766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851271&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21554904%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to test whether decreased TRPV1, CGRP and SP levels were responsible for the loss of cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) in isolated perfused heart from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. IPostC effectively protected non-diabetic hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving cardiac function and lowering creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release, which could be abolished by inhibiting TRPV1, CGRP receptor or SP receptor. However, IPostC had no effect on cardiac function and the release of CK and cTnI in diabetic hearts regardless of whether TRPV1, CGRP receptor or SP receptor were inhibited. CGRP or SP-induced postconditioning significantly prevented both non-diabetic and diabetic hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by i... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851271 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4851271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851275&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21549158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki H, Yamamoto T Ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), are produced by various cell types and affect feeding behavior, metabolic regulation, and energy balance. In the mammalian pancreas, the types of endocrine cells immunoreactive for ghrelin vary. Further, no study has clarified the type of endocrine cells producing ghrelin and GHS-R in the non-mammalian pancreas. We immunohistochemically investigated ghrelin-like and GHS-R-like immunoreactivities in the Xenopus pancreas. Ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were observed both in islets and extrainsular regions, and they corresponded to insulin-containing cells. GHS-R-immunoreactive cells were observed in the islets, and these immunoreactive cells corresponded to insulin- and somatostatin-contai... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851275 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4851275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851274&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21549159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saia RS, Oliveira-Pelegrin GR, da Silva ME, Aguila FA, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Rocha MJ, Cárnio EC Our aim was to investigate whether neonatal LPS challenge may improve hormonal, cardiovascular response and mortality, this being a beneficial adaptation when adult rats are submitted to polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Fourteen days after birth, pups received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100μg/kg) or saline. After 8-12weeks, they were submitted to CLP, decapitated 4, 6 or 24h after surgery and blood was collected for vasopressin (AVP), corticosterone and nitrate measurement, while AVP contents were measured in neurohypophysis, supra-optic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. Moreover, rats had their mean arterial pressure (... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851274 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4851274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851273&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21549160%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1(28-36)amide exerts insulin-like actions selectively in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance. The peptide curtails weight gain in diet-induced obese mice in the face of an increase in energy intake suggesting increased energy expenditure. These findings suggest utility of GLP-1(28-36)amide, or a peptide mimetic derived there from, for the treatment of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. PMID: 21549160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851273 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4851273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851272&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21549161%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kalafatakis K, Triantafyllou K Among various hormones, which are synthesized by intestinal cells and influence enteric function, neurotensin (NT) has gained scientific attention the last three decades. This neuropeptide, mainly located in neuronal synaptic vesicles of hypothalamus and in neuroendocrine cells of the small bowel, participates in enteric digestive processes, gut motility and intestinal inflammatory mechanisms by cooperating with other regulators such as histamine, substance P and somatostatin. NT plays an important role mainly in intestinal lipid metabolism by cooperating with cholecystokinin and establishes a hormonal brain-gut-adipose tissue connection, which could adjust appetite, weight status and generally eating behavior with the amount and the content (par... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851272 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4851272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798153&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21545814%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, age-related rise in adiponectin levels observed in Africans may not be due to renal impairment. PMID: 21545814 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798153 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4798153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798152&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21545815%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Blockade of angiotensin II could improve abnormal atrial electrophysiological properties and further reduce AF vulnerability by extenuating ion channel, gap junction and structural remodeling in experimental thyrotoxic rabbits. PMID: 21545815 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798152 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4798152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798151&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21545816%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated whether aldosterone contributes to HSC contraction by activation of the RhoA/ROCK-2 signaling pathway. Primary HSCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats via in situ pronase/collagenase perfusion. We found that aldosterone enhanced the contraction of a collagen lattice seeded with HSCs. This induced contraction was suppressed by the mineralcorticoid receptor (MR) inhibitor spironolactone, the ROCK-2 inhibitor Y27632, and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) inhibitor irbesartan. Moreover, actin fiber staining showed that aldosterone significantly increased actin fiber formation in HSCs. Pre-incubating with spironolactone, Y27632, or irbesartan inhibited the aldosterone-induced actin fiber reorganization. Molecularly, the effect of aldosterone on activation o... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798151 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4798151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798150&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21545817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang J, Li P, Liang JY, Pan YJ, Yan XQ, Yan FL, Hao F, Zhang XY, Zhang J, Qiu PY, Wang DX Studies have demonstrated that oxytocin (OXT) plays important roles in pain modulation in the central nervous system, and there are OXT receptors in the periaqueductal grey (PAG). The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of OXT in the PAG on antinociception. The results showed that (1) intra-PAG injection of OXT increased the pain threshold, whereas the local administration of the high specific OXT receptor antagonist, desGly-NH(2), d(CH(2))(5)[D-Tyr(2), Thr-sup-4]OVT decreased the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner; (2) Pain stimulation could elevate OXT concentration in the PAG perfusion liquid. The data suggested that OXT in the PAG was involved in the antinocicepti... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798150 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4798150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798154&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21539863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamamoto A, Mizusawa K, Takahashi A, Saito Y Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is the natural ligand for the MCH-1 receptor (MCH1R) and MCH-2 receptor (MCHR2). The MCH-MCH1R system plays a central role in energy metabolism in rodents. Recently, we identified MCHR1 and MCHR2 orthologues in goldfish, designated gfMCHR1 and gfMCHR2. In a mammalian cell-based assay, calcium mobilization was evoked by gfMCHR2 via both Gαi/o and Gαq, while the gfMCHR1-mediated response was exclusively dependent on Gαq. This coupling capacity to G proteins is in contrast to human MCHR1 and MCHR2. Here, we extended our previous characterization of the two gfMCHRs by examining their different signalling pathway. We found that MCH caused activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798154 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4798154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745308&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21477622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stepan H, Philipp A, Roth I, Kralisch S, Jank A, Schaarschmidt W, Lössner U, Kratzsch J, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M Preeclampsia is a serious cardiovascular complication in pregnancy which is associated with an increased future metabolic and cardiovascular risk for mother and newborn. Recently, chemerin was introduced as a novel adipokine inducing insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we investigated serum concentrations of chemerin by ELISA in control and preeclampsia patients during pregnancy (Control: n=37, preeclampsia: n=37) and 6months after delivery (Control: n=35, preeclampsia: n=36). Furthermore, the association between chemerin and markers of renal function, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation was studied in pregnan... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745308 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4745308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745310&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21466826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lundell I, Rabe Bernhardt N, Johnsson AK, Larhammar D Agonist stimulation readily internalizes neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 while there are contradictory results for the Y2 receptor. In order to explore putative functional differences between the Y1 and Y2 receptors we generated reciprocal chimeras by swapping the third intracellular loop, the carboxy terminus or both between human Y1 and Y2. Internalization was studied in a quantitative radioligand binding assay with removal of surface-bound ligand in an acidic-wash procedure. The internalization assay revealed a lower degree of internalization as well as slower kinetics for the Y2 receptor. Generally, reciprocal exchange of receptor segments did not convey properties of the donor receptor but tended to enhance internalization.... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745310 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4745310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4745309&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21477621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anderson W, Newson P, Skeri M, Janssen N, Milne S, Yip J, Jungnickel S, Lynch-Frame A, Chahl LA The effects of subchronic subcutaneous treatment with tachykinin receptor antagonists over nine days on the repeated mild stress response induced by daily subcutaneous injections and on the severe acute stress induced by morphine withdrawal were investigated in guinea-pigs. The NK(1) receptor antagonist, L733,060, 0.25mg/kg, significantly increased locomotor activity of guinea-pigs compared with animals subjected to repeated injection of the inactive enantiomer, but inhibited Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in the hypothalamus. In animals subjected to the acute severe stress of naltrexone-induced morphine withdrawal, treatment with the NK(1) antagonist, L733,060, produced reducti... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4745309 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4745309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4635112&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21421014%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous GLP-2 increased SMA blood flow in end-jejunostomy SBS patients with less than 200 cm of remaining small intestine. The increase in blood flow correlated with the length of remaining intestine, suggesting that the increase is coupled to the metabolic actions of GLP-2 on the gut rather than effects on the vasculature. PMID: 21421014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4635112 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4635112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4635114&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21419173%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ML, Martín-Duce A, Ramos-Álvarez I, Gutiérrez-Rojas I, Moreno P, Nuche-Berenguer B, Acitores A, Sancho V, Valverde I, González N Direct effects of GLP-1, kinase-mediated, on glucose and lipid metabolism in rat and human extrapancreatic tissues, are amply documented and also changes in type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients. Here, we explored the characteristics of the GLP-1 action and those of its analogues Ex-4 and Ex-9, on muscle glucose transport (GT) and metabolism in human morbid obesity (OB), as compared with normal and T2D subjects. In primary cultured myocytes from OB, GT and glycogen synthase a (GSa) activity values were lower than normal, and comparable to those reported in T2D patients; GT was increased by either GLP-1 or Ex-9 in a more efficien... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4635114 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4635114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4635113&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21419174%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baioni L, Basini G, Bussolati S, Grasselli F Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a glycoprotein hormone expressed in different mammalian tissues. In previous studies, we showed STC1 expression in swine ovarian follicles and we demonstrated that STC1 may be a physiological regulator of follicular function. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signal transducers in the ovary, the present study was undertaken to investigate STC1 action on ROS generation and on the activity of the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavengers in swine granulosa cells. O(2)- generation, catalase activity and FRAP levels were increased by STC1, whereas H(2)O(2) generation and peroxidase activity were decreased by STC1. Taken together, our data show that STC1 modulates redox status in swine granulo... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4635113 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4635113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4571695&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21362443%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, VS-1 induced an α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction presumably brought about by noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves when infused at a dose giving an initial serum concentration of ~200nM. This initial vasoconstriction masked a persistent adrenoceptor-independent vasodilatation, consistent with previous reports from in vitro models. PMID: 21362443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4571695 Sat, 05 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4571695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4571694&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21385594%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that IFNγ produced by constituents of the mucosal immune system modulates epithelial cell functions with relevance for intestinal wound healing and may play a role in preserving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium following various forms of injuries. PMID: 21385594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4571694 Sat, 05 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4571694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4571696&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21362442%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harada K, Yamahara K, Ohnishi S, Otani K, Kanoh H, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Minamino N, Kangawa K, Nagaya N, Ikeda T Pressure ulcers are one of the most common complications in elderly, incontinent or paralyzed patients. For the healing of pressure ulcers, the development of granulation tissue and reepithelialization are required. Adrenomedullin (AM), an endogenous vasodilator peptide, is reported to stimulate the proliferation and migration of various cells including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized that AM might accelerate the healing process of pressure ulcers in which these cells were involved. We developed a sustained-release ointment containing human recombinant AM, and applied it in a mouse model of pressure ulcer twice a day for 14d... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4571696 Fri, 25 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4571696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517629&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21310194%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: N/OFQ levels were significantly lower in patient groups with severe vs. milder chronic angina (p<0.05) and vs. control subjects (p<0.01). Patients suffering from peripheral artery disease had also a lower plasma N/OFQ levels than in healthy controls (p<0.01). Our findings show that chronic ischemic conditions of atherosclerotic origin are associated with significantly lower plasma N/OFQ levels. PMID: 21310194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517629 Sun, 20 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517616&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21338627%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate those of other researchers showing a decrease of leptin levels in patients with AN-R and its increase with body mass increment. They may also suggest a possible relationship between leptin and orexin A plasma levels patterns in such patients. PMID: 21338627 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517616 Fri, 18 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517617&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21334383%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ao X, Fang F, Xu F Oxidative stress injury and death in alveolar epithelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prolonged hyperoxia-induced lung impairment. A reduced survival of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) may lead to abnormal repair, resulting in acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. Hyperoxia lung injury is associated with the secretion of various bioactive substances and the activation of multiple transcription factors. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), as a pulmonary sensory neuropeptide, performs a vital function in regulating cell proliferation and cell death through signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). In the present study, we investigated the effects of VIP and STAT3 on AECIIs upon the exposure of hyperoxia. ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517617 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517628&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21315111%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stengel A, Coskun T, Goebel-Stengel M, Craft LS, Alsina-Fernandez J, Wang L, Rivier J, Taché Y The aim of this study was to investigate the central actions of the stable pansomatostatin peptide agonist, ODT8-SST on body weight. ODT8-SST or vehicle was acutely (1μg/rat) injected or chronically infused (5μg/rat/d, 14d) intracerebroventricularly and daily food intake, body weight and composition were monitored. In lean rats, neither acute nor chronic ODT8-SST influenced daily food intake while body weight was reduced by 2.2% after acute injection and there was a 14g reduction of body weight gain after 14d compared to vehicle (p<0.01). In diet-induced obese (DIO) rats, chronic ODT8-SST increased cumulative 2-week food intake compared to vehicle (+14%, p<0.05) and also blu... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517628 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517624&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329727%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kanasaki H, Purwana IN, Mijiddorj T, Oride A, Miyazaki K Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor, PACAP type 1 receptor (PAC1-R) play an important role in the induction of pituitary gonadotropins. In this present study, we examined whether the PAC1 -R was involved in the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on gonadotropin FSHβ subunit expression. In a static culture, GnRH stimulation significantly increased PAC1-R expression as well as PACAP gene expression in the gonadotroph cell line, LβT2. Stimulation with low frequency GnRH pulses, which preferentially increase FSHβ, increased the expression of both the PAC1-R and the PACAP genes to a greater extent than did high frequency pulses. In the determination of transcriptional ac... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517624 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517623&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329728%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Tumour suppressor proteins such as p53 are significantly overexpressed in genital LS when compared to extragenital disease and healthy skin. The significant p53 overexpression, particularly in long-standing genital lesions, may reflect the increased risk of malignant transformation and/or oxidative stress associated with LS. Moreover, we have demonstrated that proliferation markers such as Ki-67 and MCM3 are significantly up-regulated in genital LS as compared to controls. With regard to cell cycle regulation and proliferation rates, ELS significantly differs from its genital counterpart. PMID: 21329728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517623 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517622&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coiro V, Volpi R, Cataldo S, Saccani-Jotti G, Magotti MG, Russo F, Stella A, Vignali A, Chiodera P To evaluate the possible influence of idiopathic hyperprolactinemia on the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) response to osmotic and pressure-volumetric stimuli, 14 idiopathic hyperprolactinemic women and 13 normoprolactinemic women were studied during hypertonic saline infusion test (0.51M NaCl infusion for 2h) and orthostatic test (standing upright and maintaining an orthostatic position for 20min). In both experimental conditions, the AVP rsponse was significantly higher in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia than in normal normoprolactinemic women. These results indicate that in women hyperprolactinemia influences the AVP response to hyperosmotic and hypovolemic stimuli. PM... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517622 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517621&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heng YJ, Saunders CI, Kunde DA, Geraghty DP Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor and substance P (SP) immunoreactivity (-ir) and mRNA in the rat lumbosacral spinal cord and urinary bladder were measured 24 hours after s.c. injection of the vanilloids, capsaicin (50mg/kg) and resiniferatoxin (RTX, 100μg/kg), or vehicle (10% ethanol/10% Tween 80/saline). In the spinal cord, capsaicin significantly reduced TRPV1 and SP-ir (40-45%) in laminae I/II compared to controls while RTX produced decreases of ~35%. NK1-ir in the spinal cord was unaffected by both vanilloid treatments. In the bladder, SP-ir was reduced in urothelial cells of some capsaicin- and RTX-treated rats while SP-ir in the suburothelium and muscularis was significantly reduced... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517621 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517620&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim I, Kim TH, Ma K, Park ES, Oh KT, Lee ES, Lee KC, Youn YS PEGylation and albumin binding are viewed as the most effective ways of prolonging the lifespans of short-lived peptides by delaying renal filtration. Here, we describe a derivative of exendin-4 with pharmaceutical benefits produced using both techniques. This exendin-4 derivative is based on a 4-arm PEG(20k) conjugated with two exendin-4s and two palmitylamines on its arms. PEG and palmitylamine were chosen to increase molecular size and bind to albumin, respectively. This derivative (Ex4-PEG-C16) was found to have larger molecular size (169kDa) than actual (28.9kDa) by size-exclusion chromatography and acceptable binding capability (~90%) to immobilized-albumin. Although the receptor-binding of Ex4-PEG-C16 to RIN-m... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517620 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517619&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329732%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these results demonstrate that natriuretic peptides cause relaxation of the guinea pig lower esophageal sphincter. DNP is the most potent natriuretic peptide to cause lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, which might be mediated by natriuretic peptide receptor-A or a novel DNP-selective natriuretic peptide receptor. PMID: 21329732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517619 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517618&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21329733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maggio ET, Grasso P The most effective option for the medical treatment of patients with acromegaly is the use of somatostatin analogues. Octreotide acetate is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, with similar effects but a prolonged duration of action. Octreotide acetate is routinely given by subcutaneous (s.c.) or intramuscular injection. In the present study, we examined the feasibility of oral delivery of octreotide acetate reconstituted with increasing concentrations (0.5%, 1.5% and 3.0%) of Intravail®, a patented alkylsaccharide transmucosal absorption enhancing agent. The pharmacokinetics of orally delivered (by gavage) octreotide acetate in Intravail® were compared to those of octreotide acetate administered subcutaneously in sodium acetate buffer to male Swiss Webs... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517618 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517627&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324345%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the catalytic activity of basic aminopeptidase (APB) and its association with periarticular edema and circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and type II collagen (CII) antibodies (AACII) in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by CII (CIA). Edema does not occur in part of CII-treated, even when AACII is higher than in control. TNF-alpha is detectable only in edematous CII-treated. APB in synovial membrane is predominantly a membrane-bound activity also present in soluble form and with higher activity in edematous than in non-edematous CII-treated or control. Synovial fluid and blood plasma have lower APB in non-edematous than in edematous CII-treated or control. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) the highest level... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517627 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517626&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gambichler T, Kobus S, Kobus A, Tigges C, Scola N, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A, Bechara FG, Skrygan M Recent papers highlight the role of dysregulated expression of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis-α factor (TNF-α) is effective in the treatment of psoriasis. We aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of AMPs in psoriatic skin before and after a 6-week course of etanercept therapy. We included 12 psoriasis patients who underwent medium-dose etanercept treatment for 6weeks. At baseline and at the end of therapy immunohistochemistry from lesional skin was performed for psoriasisn, LL-37, and human ß-defensin 2 (hBD-2). After 6-week treatment, the modified psoriasis area and severity index sig... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517626 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517625&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21324347%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caeiro XE, Vivas LM, Meier JJ, Schmidt WE In the present study, we investigated the degree to which β-endorphin plays a role in alpha 2-adrenergic/imidazole receptor agonist attenuation of salt appetite. In order to evaluate whether the inhibitory action of clonidine (an α2-adrenergic/imidazoline receptor agonist) on induced sodium intake is mediated by the β-endorphinergic system, we used a β-endorphin deficient mouse line. β-endorphin knockout (βend(-/-)), heterozygous (βend(+/-)) and wild-type (βend(+/+)) mice were submitted to acute sodium depletion by a combined treatment of furosemide and low sodium diet and, twenty hours later, were administered clonidine (0.5mg/kg). An hour later, animals were subjected to a two-bottle choice test (water/2%NaCl). The results in... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517625 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517630&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21262273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dhillon SS, Belsham DD Leptin acts as a key peripheral hormone in distinct neurons in the hypothalamus to modulate both reproductive function and energy homeostasis. The control of neuropeptide Y (NPY) secretion is an example of a process that can be differentially regulated by leptin. In order to further understand these distinct modulatory effects, we have used immortalized, neuronal hypothalamic cell lines expressing NPY, mHypoE-38 and mHypoE-46. We found that these cell lines express the endogenous leptin receptor, ObRb, and secrete detectable levels of NPY. We exposed the neurons to 100nM leptin for 1h and determined that the basal levels of NPY in the cell lines were differentially regulated: NPY secretion was inhibited in mHypoE-46 neurons, whereas NPY secretion was ind... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517630 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517635&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21256872%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that GLP-1 not only acts on a cell surface G-protein coupled receptor activating kinase-regulated signaling pathways, but a small C-terminal peptide derived from GLP-1 also enters cells, targets mitochondria, and exerts insulin-like actions by modulating oxidative phosphorylation. GLP-1(28-36)amide, or a peptide mimetic derived there from, might prove to be a useful treatment for fasting hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 21256872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517635 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517634&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21256873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu HL, Wang ZY, Huang X, Han YF, Wu YS, Guo X, Kim YC, Xu WX In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ang II on gastric smooth muscle motility and its mechanism using intracellular recording and whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Ang II dose-dependently increased the tonic contraction and the frequency of spontaneous contraction in the gastric antral circular smooth muscles of guinea pig. ZD7155, an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) blocker, completely blocked the effect of Ang II on the spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscle. In contrast, TTX, a sodium channel blocker, failed to block the effect. Furthermore, nicardipine, a voltage-gated Ca(2+)-channel antagonist, did not block the effect of Ang II on the tonic contraction of gastric smooth muscle, but exte... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517634 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517633&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21256874%26dopt%3DAbstract This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. PMID: 21256874 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517633 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517631&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21256875%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the findings may indicate SP regulates cardiac functions via modulation of adrenergic activity, through suppression of over-activation of PKA. PMID: 21256875 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517631 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393446&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramella R, Gallo MP, Spatola T, Lupia E, Alloatti G Thrombopoietin (TPO) is known for its ability to stimulate platelet production. However, little is currently known whether TPO plays a physiological function in the heart. The potential vasodilatory role of TPO was tested on the isolated rat heart. The expression of TPO receptor (c-mpl) and the TPO-dependent eNOS phosphorylation (P(Ser1179)) were studied on Cardiac-derived normal Human Micro Vascular Endothelial Cells (HMVEC-C) by Western blot analysis. While TPO (10-200pg/mL) did not modify coronary flow (CF) under basal conditions, it reduced the coronary constriction caused by endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10nM) in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was blocked by both Wortmannin (100nM) and L-NAME (100nM); on HMVEC-C, TPO induced... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393446 Fri, 14 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393445&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237211%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that hypoxia leads to an increase of Ob-R expression in placental cells. Interestingly, leptin-dependent signal transduction and proliferation remained unaffected. A possible role of the soluble leptin receptor in modulating free leptin levels will be discussed. PMID: 21237211 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393445 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393444&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237212%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the Aci-induced suppression in plasma ghrelin levels during exercise in both groups suggests a negative feedback of GH on ghrelin secretion. Observed changes in plasma FFA levels were not related to changes in GH and ghrelin levels. PMID: 21237212 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393444 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393443&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237213%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Circulating BNP levels appear elevated in ACS with diffuse coronary involvement, even in the absence of systolic dysfunction. BNP is also associated with multi-vessel disease and the extension of coronary disease. PMID: 21237213 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393443 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393442&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237214%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the kinetics of d-ghrelin immunoreactivity in human plasma in comparison to O-ghrelin or total ghrelin by using a d-ghrelin-specific radioimmunoassay. The dynamics of plasma d-ghrelin was assessed following glucose- or meal-ingestion in healthy, non-obese subjects (5 males and 5 females). Correlations were also analyzed between the levels of plasma d-ghrelin and anthropometric or metabolic indicators in healthy human subjects (n=111, BMI 17.4-34.3). The plasma levels of d-ghrelin, like O- or T-ghrelin, significantly declined (p<0.05 for male and p<0.01 for female) 60min after the ingestion of glucose in non-obese subjects. However, in the same subjects, no significant decline was noted in the levels of d-ghrelin, unlike O- or T-ghrelin, upon the meal ingest... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393442 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393441&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21237215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Andrade EN, Gonçalves GK, de Oliveira TH, Santos CS, Souza CL, Firmes LB, de Magalhães AC, Soares TD, Reis AM, Belo ND The present study was designed to develop an animal model of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity in female rats. Furthermore, we studied the involvement of the natriuretic peptide system in the mechanisms of these conditions. Obesity was induced in Wistar rats by a high fat diet and ovariectomy. The rats were divided into four groups: ovariectomized or sham-operated with high-fat diet and ovariectomized or sham-operated with control diet. After 24weeks of diet, rats were killed, and their tissues were removed. Cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), clearance receptor (NPr-C) gene expression was determined by PCR. ANP concentrat... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393441 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311007&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185875%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trellakis S, Tagay S, Fischer C, Rydleuskaya A, Scherag A, Bruderek K, Schlegel S, Greve J, Canbay AE, Lang S, Brandau S Several lines of evidence point to a close relationship between the hormones of energy homeostasis and the olfactory system. Examples are the localization of leptin and adiponectin receptors in the olfactory system or increased activation of brain regions related to the palatability and the hedonic value of food in response to food pictures after application of ghrelin. In this preliminary study, we tested in 31 subjects (17 male, 14 female) if and to what extent the peripheral blood concentrations of "satiety" hormones, such as leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin (acyl and total), are correlated with the self-ratings of odor pleasantness and with the objective... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311007 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311006&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ozgen M, Koca SS, Dagli N, Balin M, Ustundag B, Isik A Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, leads to early and accelerated atherosclerosis; however, its pathogenesis is not yet fully documented. Salusin-α and β are novel bioactive peptides. Salusin-α suppresses macrophage foam cell formation, while salusin-β stimulates. Moreover, decreased serum salusin-α level has been reported previously in patients with coronary artery disease. The aims of the study were to assess serum salusin-α level and its association with predictors of atherosclerosis in a cohort of patients with RA. The study included 56 RA patients, 37 Behcet's disease (BD) patients, and 29 healthy controls (HC). TNF-α, IL-6 and salusin-α levels, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) in... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311006 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311005&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185877%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This study shows differences in the presence and endogenous processing of CgA, CgB and SgII from DV vs NDV. In DV, the increase of complete granins and the attenuation of their endogenous proteolytic processing could participate in DR progression by reducing the presence of regulatory peptides, important for the pro-/anti-angiogenic balance in the eye. PMID: 21185877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311005 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311004&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21185878%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Supowit SC, Zhao H, Katki KA, Gupta P, Dipette DJ Primary cultures of adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons were used to determine whether bradykinin and prostaglandins E(1) (PGE(1)), E(2) (PGE(2)) or I(2) (PGI(2)) stimulate long-term calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA accumulation and peptide release. Treatment (24 hours) of neurons with either bradykinin or PGE(1), significantly increased CGRP mRNA content and iCGRP release. However, PGE(2) or PGI(2) were without effect. Exposure of the cultured neurons to increasing concentrations of bradykinin or PGE(1) demonstrated that the stimulation of CGRP expression was concentration-dependent, while time-course studies showed that maximal levels of CGRP mRNA accumulation and peptide release were maintained for... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311004 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311008&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21167869%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate for the first time the novel evidences of ghrelin ability in attenuation of heat-induced testicular damage and also that ghrelin therapy may be useful as a suppressor of degenerative effects following testicular hyperthermia. PMID: 21167869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311008 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311009&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21146561%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Irwin N, Francis JM, Flatt PR Cold acclimation is initially associated with shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle followed by adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis, particularly in brown adipose tissue (BAT). In response, hyperphagia occurs to meet increased metabolic demand and thermoregulation. The present study investigates the effects of cold (4±1°C) acclimation and hyperphagia on circulating and intestinal levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in rats. Pair fed animals were used as additional controls in some experiments. Cold acclimation for 42days significantly (p<0.01) increased daily food intake. There was no corresponding change in body weight. However, body weights of pair fed cold exposed rats were significantly (p<0.01) reduced compared to con... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311009 Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311011&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21145919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patil J, Stucki S, Nussberger J, Schaffner T, Gygax S, Bohlender J, Imboden H Although the physiological and pharmacological evidences suggest a role for angiotensin II (Ang II) with the mammalian heart, the source and precise location of Ang II are unknown. To visualize and quantitate Ang II in atria, ventricular walls and interventricular septum of the rat and human heart and to explore the feasibility of local Ang II production and function, we investigated by different methods the expression of proteins involved in the generation and function of Ang II. We found mRNA of angiotensinogen (Ang-N), of angiotensin converting enzyme, of the angiotensin type receptors AT(1A) and AT(2) (AT(1B) not detected) as well as of cathepsin D in any part of the hearts. No renin mRNA was tra... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311011 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4311010&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21145920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khama-Murad AK, Mokrushin AA, Pavlinova LI Neuroprotective properties of l-carnosine have been studied in our in vitro model on olfactory cortex slices of hypertensive rats under a long autoblood (blood clot) influence. Application of l-carnosine (5mg/ml) on slices before autoblood influence leads to restoration of the activity of glutamatergic and GABA-ergic receptors inhibited in the presence of autoblood and interferes with swelling of slices. l-Carnosine protects a bioelectric activity of nervous cells in case of long influence of autoblood and also renders an anti edema effect. This model of hemorrhagic stroke may provide a perspective for investigating the mechanisms of neuroprotection. PMID: 21145920 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4311010 Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4311010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270618&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21134405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang JX, Li P, Peng KM, Jin SZ Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). The sequence of ghrelin has been determined in many species ranging from fish to mammals. The ostrich is the largest herbivorous bird in the world. Although the distribution, morphological characteristics, and developmental changes of ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich chicks have recently been determined, the sequence and structure of ghrelin and its expression in the gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich chicks has not been studied. In the present study, the sequence and structure of ghrelin and its expression in the gastrointestinal tract of African ostrich chicks were investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270618 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270619&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chagra SL, Zavala JK, Hall MV, Gosselink KL Stress and obesity are highly prevalent conditions, and the mechanisms through which stress affects food intake are complex. In the present study, stress-induced activation in neuropeptide systems controlling ingestive behavior was determined. Adult male rats were exposed to acute (30min/d x 1 d) or repeated (30min/d x 14 d) restraint stress, followed by transcardial perfusion 2h after the termination of the stress exposure. Brain tissues were harvested, and 30μm sections through the hypothalamus were immunohistochemically stained for Fos protein, which was then co-localized within neurons staining positively for the type 4 melanocortin receptor (MC4R), the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), or agouti-related peptide (AgRP). ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270619 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270623&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130119%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chai OH, Han EH, Choi YH, Kim SH, Kim HT, Galli SJ, Song CH Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is widely distributed throughout the heart, skin, gastrointestinal and genital tracts, and nervous and immune systems. ANP acts to mediate vasodilation and induces mast cell activation in both human and rats in vitro. However, the mechanisms of ANP-induced mast cell activation, the extent to which ANP can induce tissue swelling, mast cell degranulation, and granulocyte infiltration in mouse skin are not fully understood. This issue was investigated by treatment with ANP in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) and mouse peritoneal mast cells (MPMCs) in vitro and by injection of ANP into the skin of congenic normal WBB6F1/J-Kit(+)/Kit(+) (+/+), genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1/J-Kit(W... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270623 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270622&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130120%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: This study shows that, in part, the cardioprotective effects of IPC can be induced by endogenous OT. PMID: 21130120 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270622 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270621&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun GY, Guan CX, Zhou Y, Liu YP, Li SF, Zhou HF, Tang CY, Fang X Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is one of the most plentiful neuropeptides in lung and it has anti-inflammatory effects in respiratory system. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2) regulate immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, we tested the expressions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 in various pulmonary cell lines and/or tissue using an animal model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and determined the effects of VIP on expression of the TREM-1 and TREM-2 in lung tissues and cells from ALI mice. We found 1) expression of the TREM-1 mRNA from lung tissue of ALI was significantly increased, whereas the ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270621 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270620&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21130122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim SM, Kim YA, Kim SY, Kim SH, Cho KW, Kim SZ Natriuretic peptides help to maintain sodium and fluid volume homeostasis in a healthy cardio-renal environment. Since the identification of Dendroaspsis natriuretic peptide (DNP) as a new member of the natriuretic peptide family, DNP has been considered as an important regulator of natriuresis and dieresis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of immunoreactive Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) and its specific receptor in rabbit. DNP was detected in heart, kidney, liver, brain, and plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA). DNP contents of cardiac atrium and ventricle, renal cortex and medulla, liver, and brain were 1.42±0.15, 1.06±0.08, 2.55±0.21, 1.81±0.16, 1.36±0.22, and 0.69±0.15pg/mg of wet weight, ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270620 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270624&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21115072%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, losartan is a partial agonist of the B2R through direct binding and activation, suggesting that B2R agonism could partly explain the beneficial effects of losartan. PMID: 21115072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270624 Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270625&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21115071%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated how prolonged consumption of sugar solution affects hippocampal neurogenesis. We gave rats sucrose or fructose solution for four weeks and observed a 40% reduction in BrdU/NeuN-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis was accompanied by increased apoptosis in the hippocampus and increased circulating levels of TNF-α. Therefore, we hypothesize that the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis may be due to the increased apoptosis induced by TNF-α. Our results suggest that chronic ingestion of fructose is detrimental to the survival of newborn hippocampal neurones. The results presented in the present study add to the list of harmful effects associated with prolonged and excessive consumption of sugary bev... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270625 Sat, 27 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4270625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4198528&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21081139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rose MK, Parvizi N Growth hormone (GH) has been shown to be produced and secreted by priphereal immune cells. Therefore, we studied the release of GH by lymphocytes, during various stages of pregnancy and estrous cycle in the cow. The effect of leptin on the lymphocytic GH release was also investigated. Estradiol-17ß and progesterone concentrations in plasma were measured in all animals to confirm their reproductive status. Growth hormone levels measured in cell cultures during early pregnancy (d60-80) and during the luteal phase were greater (p≤0.01) than levels during follicular phase or mid (d100-160) and late (d240-245) pregnancy. Leptin treatment stimulated (p≤0.05) lymphocytic GH release during mid-pregnancy when the basal GH levels were low. Changes in lymphocytic ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4198528 Sat, 13 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4198528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4198529&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21073908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arıcı OF, Cetin N Recent data indicate that ghrelin has protective effects in different organs and cell types including the pancreas, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ghrelin plays a protective role against CCl(4)-induced coagulation disturbances in rats. Fourty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups including group 1 (1ml physiological saline s.c., for 5days), group 2 (CCl(4), i.p., single dose of 1.6g/kg), group 3 (ghrelin, s.c., 10nmol/kg/day, for 5days) and group 4 (ghrelin, 10nmol/kg/day, for 5days plus CCl(4), i.p., single dose of 1.6g/kg on the 5th day). Fibrinogen level, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelet counts and alanine transaminase (ALT) activi... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4198529 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4198529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4164330&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21070823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Nevé B, Daniel H Enteroendocrine cells in the intestine sense the luminal contents and have been shown to respond to fatty acids, proteins, monosaccharides but also artificial sweeteners and bitter compounds. Secretion of hormones such as CCK and GLP-1 from these cells is often associated with a rise in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i). The human NCI-H716 enteroendocrine cell line has been described as a proper model to study GLP-1 secretion in response to amino acids and protein hydrolysates. Here, we describe that NCI-H716 cells specifically respond to selective tetrapeptides such as tetra-glycine, tetra-alanine and gly-trp-gly-gly with a dose-dependent [Ca(2+)](i) response and a GLP-1 secretion, whereas selected free amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides a... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4164330 Mon, 08 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4164330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4146567&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21056594%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present work reveals that the vagus nerve is crucial in growth hormone regulation and essential for the full GH-releasing effect of ghrelin. PMID: 21056594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4146567 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4146567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4107089&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20965217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahata SK, Mahata M, Fung MM, O'Connor DT In 1997, we identified a novel peptide, catestatin (CST: bovine chromogranin A [CHGA](344-364): RSMRLSFRARGYGFRGPGLQL; human CHGA352-372: SSMKLSFRARGYGFRGPGPQL), which is a potent inhibitor of nicotiniccholinergic-stimulated catecholamine secretion. CST shows characteristic inhibitory effects on nicotinic cationic (Na(+), Ca(2+)) signal transduction, which are specific to the neuronal nicotinic receptor. Utilizing systematic polymorphism discovery at the human CHGA locus we discovered three human variants of CST: G(364)S, P(370)L, and R(374)Q that showed differential potencies towards the inhibition of catecholamine secretion. In humans, CHGA is elevated and its processing to CST is diminished in hypertension. Diminished CST is observe... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4107089 Sun, 17 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4107089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4087718&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20959122%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that cryopreservation of encapsulated rat islets is possible without substantial losses on graft function. Future studies will now have to carry on this approach to human islets, aiming to apply such a bioartifical pancreas consisting of cryopreserved encapsulated islets in humans. PMID: 20959122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4087718 Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4087718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4087717&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20959123%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the existence and distribution of neuropeptides in the pancreas of long-legged buzzard have been introduced in this study for the first time and this bird species has also been found to differ from other types of avian species. PMID: 20959123 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4087717 Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4087717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4087716&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20959124%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated whether pancreatic acinar cells respond to angiotensin II. These cells are the most abundant pancreatic cells and the most vulnerable to pancreatitis. Pancreatic acinar AR42J cells were used as an in vitro model of pancreatic inflammation. Our results demonstrated that treatment with caerulein, a cholecystokinin receptor agonist, induced hypersecretion and NFκB activation, as demonstrated by elevated amylase secretion and degradation of inhibitor of NFκB (IκBβ). Angiotensin II, either alone or in combination with caerulein, augmented IκBβ degradation. Pre-treatment with losartan, an antagonist of the angiotensin type I (AT(1)) receptor, abolished NFκB activation by angiotensin II and caerulein in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with PD123319, a bloc... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4087716 Fri, 15 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4087716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4075242&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20937332%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ye ZY, Li DP Sympathetic nerve activity is increased in obesity-related hypertension. However, the central mechanisms involved in the increased sympathetic outflow remain unclear. The hypothalamic melanocortin system is important for regulating energy balance and sympathetic outflow. To understand the mechanisms by which the melanocortin systems regulates sympathetic outflow, we investigated the role of melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) in regulating presympathetic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons. We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on retrogradely labeled PVN neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla in brain slices from obese zucker rats (OZRs) and lean zucker rats (LZRs). The MC4R agonists melanotan II (MTII) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormon... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4075242 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4075242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061150&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20934461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sánchez-Margalet V, González-Yanes C, Najib S, Santos-Álvarez J Pancreastatin is one of the regulatory peptides derived from intracellular and/or extracellular processing of chromogranin A, the soluble acidic protein present in the secretory granules of the neuroendocrine system. While the intracellular functions of chromogranin A include formation and maturation of the secretory granule, the major extracellular functions are generation of biologically active peptides with demonstrated autocrine, paracrine or endocrine activities. In this review, we will focus on the metabolic function of one of these peptides, pancreastatin, and the mechanisms underlying its effects. Many different reported effects have implicated PST in the modulation of energy metabolism, with a general ... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061150 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061149&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20934462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Mello WC The influence of angiotensin II (Ang II) on cardiac structural and electrophysiological remodeling was discussed including the novel concept that the renin angiotensin aldosterone is involved in the regulation heart cell volume. Particular attention was given to the role of Ang II AT1 receptors as mechanosensors which are activated by mechanic stretch independently of Ang II. These findings highly suggest that RAS inhibitors or AT1 receptor blockers have additional beneficial therapeutics effects by changing mechanical transduction. The influence of cell swelling on cell communication as well as the effect of Ang II on cell volume and the consequent activation of ionic channels and the generation of cardiac arrhythmias was reviewed. The discovery of ACE2 and its re... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061149 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4061148&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20934463%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion: Changes of the anorexigenic and hypermetabolic effects in the course of aging are not concordant. The overall catabolic activity of alpha-MSH is smallest in the middle-aged and highest in the oldest group. PMID: 20934463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4061148 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4061148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4040517&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20920534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koshimizu H, Kim T, Cawley NX, Loh YP Chromogranin A (CgA), a member of the granin family serves several important cell biological roles in (neuro)endocrine cells which are summarized in this review. CgA is a "prohormone" that is synthesized at the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported into the cisternae of this organelle via its signal peptide. It is then trafficked to the Golgi complex and then to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) where CgA aggregates at low pH in the presence of calcium. The CgA aggregates provide the physical driving force to induce budding of the TGN membrane resulting in dense core granule (DCG) formation. Within the granule, a small amount of the CgA is processed to bioactive peptides, including a predicted C-terminal peptide, serpinin. Upon stimulati... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4040517 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4040517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3997963&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20854846%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, telmisartan treatment attenuates vascular hypertrophy in SHR by the modulation of ACE2 and profilin-1 expression with a marked reversal of ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation signaling pathways. PMID: 20854846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3997963 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3997963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3997967&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20851148%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The rabbit monoclonal antibody UMB-3 is an excellent tool for immunoprecipitation of MOR from native sources as well as for immunohistochemical staining of MOR in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of rodent and human origin. PMID: 20851148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3997967 Wed, 15 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3997967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3997966&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20851149%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the distribution of both GLUT4 and IRAP in the kidney to gain insights into the potential roles of these proteins in this organ. Both IRAP and GLUT4 immunostaining was observed in the epithelial cells of the proximal and distal tubules and thick ascending limbs in the cortex, but very little overlap between GLUT4 and IRAP immunoreactivity was observed. GLUT4 staining was consistent with a vesicular localization, whereas IRAP staining was predominantly on the luminal surface. In the principal cells of the inner medulla collecting duct (IMCD), IRAP immunoreactivity was detected throughout the cell, with limited overlap with the vasopressin responsive water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP-2). AQP-2 levels were observed to be two fold higher in IRAP knock out mice. Base... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3997966 Wed, 15 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3997966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3997965&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20851150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alponti RF, Nogueira MI, Mendes MT, de Abreu C, Silveira PF Protein (western blotting) and gene (PCR) expressions, catalytic activity of puromycin-insensitive membrane-bound neutral aminopeptidase (APM/CD13) and in situ regional distribution of CD13 and FOS immunoreactivity (ir) were evaluated in the hypothalamus of monosodium glutamate obese (MSG) and/or food deprived (FD) rats in order to investigate their possible interplay with metabolic functions. Variations in protein and gene expressions of CD13 relative to controls coincided in the hypothalamus of MSG and MSG-FD (decreased 2 to 17-fold). Compared with controls, the reduction of hypothalamic CD13 content reflected a negative balance in its regional distribution in the supraoptic, paraventricular, periventricular and arc... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3997965 Wed, 15 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3997965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3997964&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20851151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brecht A, Bartsch C, Baumann G, Stangl K, Dschietzig T Increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, high levels of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and enhanced VLA4 integrin/VCAM-1 and CCR-2/MCP-1 interactions are initial steps in vascular inflammation. We sought to determine whether relaxin, a potent vasodilatory and anti-fibrotic agent, mitigates these early events compromising endothelial integrity. The effect of relaxin coincubation on the TNF-α-stimulated expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin; the MCP-1 expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC); as well as on direct monocyte-endothelium cell adhesion was quantified by ELISA or adhesion assay. CCR-2 an... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3997964 Wed, 15 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3997964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3961475&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20801165%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: CRF is present in enteric neurons and counteracts the neuroprotective effect of VIP in vitro. PMID: 20801165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3961475 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3961475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3961476&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20800621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Del Ry S, Cabiati M, Stefano T, Catapano G, Caselli C, Prescimone T, Passino C, Emdin M, Giannessi D C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plasma levels are extremely low and a pre-analytical phase is necessary to assay plasma CNP concentrations. Amino-terminal CNP (NT-proCNP) circulates at higher concentrations than CNP, allowing a direct assay and the use of smaller amounts of plasma. Aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of a direct NT-proCNP assay and to measure its plasma levels in heart failure (CHF), diabetes and chirrosis patients. NT-proCNP and CNP were measured in 130 CHF, 19 patients with diabetes, 24 with hepatic cirrhosis and 73 controls. Plasma NT-proCNP was higher in all the clinical conditions studied (controls:45.5+/-1.84pg/ml, CHF:67.09+/-7.... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3961476 Wed, 25 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3961476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3911420&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20736033%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that GALR3 antagonism reduces alcohol consumption and further suggest that GALR3 may be implicated in the rewarding effects of natural and drug reinforcers. PMID: 20736033 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3911420 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3911420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3911419&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20736034%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SH, Kim SJ, Lee YS, Song MD, Kim IH, Won HS As potential therapeutic agents, antimicrobial peptides with shorter length and simpler amino acid composition can be better candidates for clinical and commercial development. Here, we attempted de novo design of short (5- to 11-residue) antimicrobial peptides with three kinds of amino acids. Amphipathic helical properties were conferred by using leucines and lysines and two tryptophan residues were positioned at the critical amphipathic interface between the hydrophilic ending side and the hydrophobic starting side. According to this specified rule, 12 model peptides were generated and their helical propensity was confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Antimicrobial and hemolytic activities were compared with those of th... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3911419 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3911419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899768&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20728477%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of sitagliptin on renal damage induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats. T2DM in rats was induced by the administration of nicotinamide (230mg/kg, i.p.), 15min prior to a single dose of streptozotocin (65mg/kg, i.v.). In vivo renal I/R was performed in both T2DM and normal rats. Each protocol comprised ischemia for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours and a treatment period of 14days before induction of ischemia. Sitagliptin treated diabetic rats that underwent renal I/R demonstrated significant decrease in the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.01), urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) and creatinine (p < 0.001) compared to renal I/R in diabetic rats. Lipid peroxidation, xanthine ox... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899768 Wed, 18 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3899768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899767&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20728478%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Besides the well-known hypothalamo-pituitary stimulatory action on ACTH release in normal humans, the results of the present study suggest that naloxone exerts direct effects on cortisol secretion at the adrenal gland level; another possibility is that naloxone stimulation of cortisol secretion is mediated by other factor than ACTH. PMID: 20728478 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899767 Wed, 18 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3899767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899769&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727916%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patel O, Marshall KM, Bramante G, Baldwin G, Shulkes A Progastrin is processed to a number of peptides including glycine extended gastrin, amidated gastrin and the C-terminal flanking peptide (CTFP). Progastrin and gastrin-gly are pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic in gastric and colorectal cancer cell lines. The CTFP is a major form of progastrin in the stomach and colon and stimulates proliferation. However the effect of CTFP on apoptosis has not been examined. Using the human gastric carcinoma cell line AGS we show that CTFP attenuates apoptosis through a PI3-kinase pathway by stimulating the phosphorylation of Akt leading to sustained increases in the concentrations of Bcl-xL and phosphorylated Bad protein and by reducing caspase 3 activity. The anti-apoptotic effect rep... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899769 Tue, 17 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3899769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899773&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ueda T, Matsuura B, Miyake T, Furukawa S, Abe M, Hiasa Y, Onji M The Class A family of guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors that includes receptors for motilin, ghrelin, and growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) has substantial potential importance as drug targets. Understanding of the molecular basis of hormone binding and receptor activation should provide insights helpful in the development of such drugs. We previously reported that Cys residues and the perimembranous residues in the extracellular loops and amino-terminal tail of the motilin receptor are critical for peptide ligand, motilin, binding and biological activity. In the current work, we focused on the predicted extracellular domains of the human GHS receptor 1a, and identified functionally... Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899773 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3899773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899772&cid=s_36757_60_f&fid=36757&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20727372%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a single session of CRE increased PBL ABCA1 expression that was more pronounced in 60% and 40% 1RM groups but not accompanied with significant changes in HDL-C concentrations. Thus, CRE with moderate intensities provide bigger increases of PLB ABCA1expression not plasma HDL-C levels. PMID: 20727372 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Regulatory Peptides) Regulatory Peptides journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899772 Mon, 16 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3899772