Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology via MedWorm.com

Effects of prolonging administration gonadotropin on unexpectedly poor ovarian responders undergoing in vitro fertilization

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Prolonging administration gonadotropin on the unexpectedly poor ovarian responders does not lower live birth rate in vitro fertilization. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Differential gene expression in human granulosa cells from recombinant FSH versus human menopausal gonadotropin ovarian stimulation protocols

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The study was designed to test the hypothesis that granulosa cell (GC) gene expression response differs between recombinant FSH and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) stimulation regimens. Methods: Females < 35 years-old undergoing IVF for tubal or male factor infertility were prospectively randomized to one of two stimulation protocols, GnRH agonist long protocol plus individualized dosages of (1) recombinant (r)FSH (Gonal-F) or (2) purified human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG; Menopur). Oocytes were retrieved 35 h post-hCG, and GC were collected. Total RNA was extracted from each GC sample, biotinylated cRNA was synthesized, and each sample was run on Human Genome Bioarrays (Applied Microarrays). Unnamed genes and genes with (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

A massive ovarian mucinous cystadenoma: a case report

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This case report emphasizes the significance of thorough evaluation of all women presented with vague abdominal pains. Although the condition is extremely rare, it is a potentially dangerous in its massive form if not timely diagnosed and managed properly. With the increasing awareness of such conditions, more and more cases could be detected and reported early. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Alterations in the steroid hormone receptor co-chaperone FKBPL are associated with male infertility: a case-control study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our results describe the first alterations in the gene for FKBPL in azoospermic patients and indicate a potential role in AR-mediated signalling in the testis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Management of the infertile couple: an evidence-based protocol

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study deploys a new strategy to translate the research findings and evidence-base recommendations into a simplified focused guide to be applied on routine daily practice. It is an approach to disseminate the recommended medical care for infertile couple to the practicing clinicians. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Doxorubicin-induced ovarian toxicity

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results may imply a mechanism of chemotherapy-induced ovarian toxicity, manifested by reduced ovulation and accompanied by a reduction in ovarian size, caused probably by an acute insult to the ovary. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Effects of luteectomy in early pregnancy on the maintenance of gestation and plasma progesterone concentrations in the viviparous temperate lizard Barisia imbricata imbricata

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our observations indicate that the presence of the corpus luteum is not necesary for the maintenance of gestation, but that it does participate in parturition control. Moreover, the corpus luteum of the viviparous lizard B. i. imbricata produces progesterone, at least during the first half of pregnancy, and that an extra-ovarian source of progesterone must maintain gestation in the absence of luteal tissue. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Evaluation of the leptin receptor in human spermatozoa

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The long isoform of leptin receptor may not be present on human sperm. Species difference may be accounted for diverse reproductive physiology which depends on metabolic requirement. Leptin receptor expression at the mRNA level in some individuals may be related to contamination by other cells in semen. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Improved pregnancy rate with administration of hCG after intrauterine insemination: a pilot study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Improved pregnancy rate was observed with administration of hCG after IUI. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

In vitro antioxidant activity of the prostatic secretory granules in rabbit semen after exposure to organic peroxides

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that the PSGs may represent a source of protection for rabbit sperm against in vitro oxidative stress by supplying the sperm with endogenous alpha-T. This mechanism could be in part involved in the inhibition of sperm capacitation by the granules. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Age-dependent role of steroids in the regulation of growth of the hen follicular wall

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These data indicate for the first time that the growth pattern of preovulatory follicles during the ovulatory cycle changes in the course of reproductive aging. E2 seems to play a dual role in this adjustment; it stimulates the growth of the follicular wall in reproductive aged hens, whereas it may inhibit this process in young birds. T and LH are apparently involved in the growth regulation during the preovulatory surge in young hens. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Short term hypothyroidism affects ovarian function in the cycling rat

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Short term hypothyroidism alters normal hormone profile in the cycling rat increasing the expression of estrogen receptor-beta and cyp19A1 aromatase on estrus, which in turn may stimulate estradiol and prolactin secretion, favouring corpus luteum survival and the subsequent instauration of pseudopregnancy. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Effect of chronic treatment with Rosiglitazone on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in rats: in vivo and ex vivo studies

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The results revealed that the Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant reduction in testosterone production under basal, hCG/dbcAMP- or 22 (R)-OH-C/pregnenolone-induced conditions, although increased labeling of StAR and P450scc was detected in these cells by immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructural study suggested that the lower levels of testosterone produced by these cells could be due to mitochondrial damage induced by rosiglitazone. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Differential genome-wide gene expression profiling of bovine largest and second-largest follicles: identification of genes associated with growth of dominant follicles

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We demonstrated that global gene expression profiling of F1 and F2 clearly reflected a difference in their follicular status. Expression of stage-specific genes in follicles may be closely associated with their growth or atresia. Several genes identified in this study will provide intriguing candidates for the determination of follicular growth. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The association between leukocytes and sperm quality is concentration dependent

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: To evaluate the association between leukocytes (polymorphonuclear granulocytes -PMNL) and semen parameters at different leukocyte concentrations. Methods: This was a retrospective clinical study at a university hospital andrology clinic. Semen samples from infertile men were analyzed for sperm morphology and motility according to seminal leukocytes (PMNL) concentration (category A: >0 to 0.25 to 0.5 to 0.75 to 1 x 10(6)/mL). Results: The percentage of sperm with normal morphology increased significantly from category A (14%) to category D (19%) but decreased in category E to levels (14%) similar to those in category A. Motility grades a and a+b (combined) also increased from category A (12%, 20%) to category D (18.0%, 28.5%) and decreased in category E (11%, 20.5%) to levels si...

Endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29), a protein related to sperm maturation is involved in sperm-oocyte fusion in mouse

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ERp29 on mouse spermatozoa membrane changes during epididymal transit and AR. Accordingly, in mice this protein may be one of the important factors involved in sperm fertilization by facilitating sperm-oocyte membrane fusion. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Selection against spermatozoa with fragmented DNA after postovulatory mating depends on the type of damage

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 31 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results indicate that in postovulatory mating there is a preliminary general selection mechanism against spermatozoa with low motility and fragmented-DNA during the transport through the female reproductive tract and in the ZP binding, but the ability of the ZP to prevent fertilization by fragmented-DNA spermatozoa is achieved during sperm-ZP penetration, and depends on the source of damage. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Nuclear factor-kappa B localization and function within intrauterine tissues from term and preterm labor and cultured fetal membranes

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that the decidua is an important site of NF-kappaB regulation in fetal membranes, and that mechanisms other than cytoplasmic sequestration may limit NF-kappaB activation prior to term. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Delineation of downstream signalling components during acrosome reaction mediated by heat solubilized human zona pellucida

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Results described in the present study provide a comprehensive account of the various downstream signalling components associated with human ZP mediated acrosome reaction. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

GnRH I and II up-regulate MMP-26 expression through the JNK pathway in human cytotrophoblasts

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These novel findings indicated that GnRH I and II could up-regulate MMP-26 expression through the JNK signaling pathway in human trophoblast-like/trophoblast cells. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Identification of calcium-binding proteins associated with the human sperm plasma membrane

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The presence of SAP on the surface of mature sperm implies that SAP has a physiological role in reproduction, which is thought to be in the removal of spermatozoa from the female genital tract via phagocytosis. Since 80K-H is a Ca2+-sensor recently implicated in the regulation of both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel activities, its detection in sperm represents the first direct signaling link between PKC and store-operated calcium channels identified in human sperm. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Neurokinin B and pre-eclampsia: a decade of discovery

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

At the start of the last decade, we provided evidence that levels of the peptide neurokinin B were highly elevated in pre-eclampsia. We hypothesized that elevated levels of neurokinin B may be an indicator of pre-eclampsia and that treatment with certain neurokinin receptor antagonists may be useful in alleviating the symptoms. At the time of the original hypothesis many questions remained outstanding. These included - Does neurokinin B have any diagnostic value in the detection and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia? - What is the cause of the elevated levels of neurokinin B during pre-eclampsia? - What is the physiological significance of neurokinin B in the placenta? This review discusses the answers to these questions taking into account the subsequent developments of the past ten years and an...

Amifostine reduces the seminiferous epithelium damage in doxorubicin-treated prepubertal rats without improving the fertility status

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 10 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Amifostine is an efficient cytoprotector against toxicity caused by some chemotherapeutic drugs. Doxorubicin, a potent anticancer anthracycline, is known to produce spermatogenic damage even in low doses. Although some studies have suggested that amifostine does not confer protection to doxorubicin-induced testicular damage, schedules and age of treatment have different approach depending on the protocol. Thus, we proposed to investigate the potential cytoprotective action of amifostine against the damage provoked by doxorubicin to prepubertal rat testes (30-day-old) by assessing some macro and microscopic morphometric parameters 15, 30 and 60 days after the treatment; for fertility evaluation, quantitative analyses of sperm parameters and reproductive competence in the adult p...

Gene expression profile of androgen modulated genes in the murine fetal developing lung

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results show clearly that there is a real delay in lung maturation between male and female in this period, the latter pursuing already lung maturation while the proper is not yet fully engaged in the differentiation processes at GD17. In addition, this study provides a list of genes which are under the control of androgens within the lung at the moment of surge of surfactant production in murine fetal lung. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Placental thrombomodulin expression in recurrent miscarriage

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

DiscussionWe evaluate the Thrombomodulin expression in placental tissue from spontaneous recurrent miscarriage and voluntary abortion as controls. Thrombomodulin mRNA was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Reduced expression levels of thrombomodulin were found in recurrent miscarriage group compared to controls (1.82-fold of reduction), that corresponds to a reduction of 45% (from control group Delta CT) of thrombomodulin expression in spontaneous miscarriage group respect the control groups.SummaryWe cannot state at present the exact meaning of a reduced expression of Thrombomodulin in placental tissue. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biological pathway of this important factor in the physiopathology of the trophoblast and in reproductive biolog...

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of prolactin release activated by nerve stimulation in rat anterior pituitary

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present in vitro study offers the first physiological evidence that stimulation of nerve fibers can affect prolactin release in rat anterior pituitary. Low frequency stimulation enhances prolactin release and high frequency mainly inhibits it. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Estrogen and inflammation modulate estrogen receptor alpha expression in specific tissues of the temporomandibular joint

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In conclusion, inflammation and 17 beta-estradiol can modulate ERalpha expression in the TMJ but the effects are tissue specific. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Luteinizing hormone and androstendione are independent predictors of ovulation after laparoscopic ovarian drilling: a retrospective cohort study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Luteinizing hormone and androstenedione prior to laparoscopic ovarian drilling are independent predictors of spontaneous ovulation within three months of surgery. We suggest to preferentially performing laparoscopic ovarian drilling in patients with high luteinizing hormone and androstenedione levels. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Plexin-B1, glycodelin and MMP7 expression in the human fallopian tube and in the endometrium

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: To study the expression of Plexin-B1, Glycodelin, and MMP7 during the menstrual cycle in the endometrium and in the fallopian tube. Methods: The research included women undergoing hysterectomy, tubal sterilization or salpingo-oophoerectomy. Total RNA from endometrial and fallopian tube tissues was extracted using a total RNA isolation kit. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to examine mRNA relative expression. Results: Plexin-B1 expression in the endometrium was significantly higher on days 19 - 23 compared to days 12 - 14 (1.166 +/- 0.42 versus 0.523 +/- 0.299), P (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Assessment of endometrial and ovarian characteristics using three dimensional power Doppler ultrasound to predict response in frozen embryo transfer cycles

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: According to our results, measurement of power Doppler indices using 3D ultrasound on the day of the FET does not provide any additional information concerning the outcome of the cycle. The existence of the triple-line pattern on the day of the FET seems to be a prognostic sign of a prosperous outcome after FET. The dominant ovary in the pregnant group seems to be already activated one week after the FET. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Genes targeted by the estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human endometrial cell lines HEC1A and RL95-2

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Combined results from ChIP-qPCR and RT-PCR analysis showed different patterns of steroid hormone receptor occupancy at target genes, corresponding to activation or suppression of gene expression after hormone treatment of HEC1A and RL95-2 cell lines. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in endometrium of patients with polyps, myoma, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provided the first comparison of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in endometrial tissues of patients with polyps, myoma, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The results showed that patients with premalignant (hyperplastic) and malignant (adenocarcinoma) lesions had enhanced lipid peroxidation and altered uterine antioxidant enzyme activities than patients with benign uterine diseases, polyps and myoma, although the extent of disturbance varied with the diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the observed alterations and whether lipid hydroperoxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in uterus of gynecological patients might be used as additional parameter in clinical evaluation of gynecological disorders. (Sourc...

Analysis of cat oocyte activation methods for the generation of feline disease models by nuclear transfer

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Electroporation proved to be the most effective method for the activation of cat oocytes reconstructed by nuclear transfer. The combined thimerosal/DTT treatment followed by cycloheximide and cytochalasin B incubation triggered development effectively to the blastocyst stage; whether it is a viable option to stimulate term development of cloned cat embryos needs further investigations. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits aromatase gene transcription in human trophoblast cells via the Smad2 signaling pathway

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 exerts regulatory effects on aromatase gene at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The transcriptional regulation of aromatase gene by TGF-beta1 is mediated by the canonical TGF-beta pathway involving TbetaRII, ALK5 and Smad2. These findings further support the role of TGF-beta1 in regulating human placental functions and pregnancy. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Direct rosiglitazone action on steroidogenesis and proinflammatory factor production in human granulosa-lutein cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Ovarian granulosa cells are the predominant source of estradiol and progesterone biosynthesis in vivo. Rosiglitazone, a synthetic agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), is applied as the treatment of insulin resistance including women with PCOS. The aim of the study was to investigate the direct effects of rosiglitazone on steroidogenesis and proinflammatory factor production in human granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs). Methods: Primary human GLCs were separated during in vitro fertilization and cultured in the presence of rosiglitazone, GW9662 (an antagonist of PPAR gamma) and hCG. The mRNA expression of key steroidogenic factors including 3beta- hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), cytochrome P-450 scc (CYP11A1), cytochrome P-450 aromata...

Initiation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in the rat ovary and the role of FSH

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

PPARgamma is highly expressed in granulosa cells by 23 days post-partum (pp) and is down-regulated in response to the LH surge. We tested the hypothesis that high levels of FSH during the neonatal period trigger the expression of PPARgamma. To determine when PPARgamma expression is initiated, ovaries were collected from neonatal rats. Messenger RNA for PPARgamma was undetectable on day 1, low from days 5-14, and increased by day 19 pp (p (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Involvement of cyclin B1 in progesterone-mediated cell growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human endometrial cell

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Progesterone plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of human endometrial cells (hECs). Large-dose treatment with progesterone has been used for treatment of endometrial proliferative disorders. However, the mechanisms behind remain unknown. Methods: To investigate the role of cyclin B1 in proliferation and differentiation of hECs in menstrual cycle, the expression of cyclin B1 throughout the menstrual cycle was evaluated in hECs. To determine the effects of progesterone on the proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of hECs and to test if cyclin B1 is involved in these effects, progesterone and/or Alsterpaullone (Alp, a specific inhibitor of Cyclin B1/Cdc2) were added to primary hECs. Cellular proliferation was evaluated with MTT test, cell...

Potential biological role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in male gametes

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Maintaining the integrity of sperm DNA is vital to reproduction and male fertility. Sperm contain a number of molecules and pathways for the repair of base excision, base mismatches and DNA strand breaks. The presence of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a DNA repair enzyme, and its homologues has recently been shown in male germ cells, specifically during stage VII of spermatogenesis. High PARP expression has been reported in mature spermatozoa and in proven fertile men. Whenever there are strand breaks in sperm DNA due to oxidative stress, chromatin remodeling or cell death, PARP is activated. However, the cleavage of PARP by caspase-3 inactivates it and inhibits PARP's DNA-repairing abilities. Therefore, cleaved PARP (cPARP) may be considered a marker of apoptosis. The presence of hi...

Paternal effect on genomic activation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rate after ICSI with cryopreserved epididymal versus testicular spermatozoa

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Zygotic activation seems to be independent of sperm origin and type of azoospermia. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

No association of the insulin gene VNTR polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome in a Han Chinese population

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated for the first time that the INS-VNTR polymorphism is not a key risk factor for sporadic PCOS in the Han Chinese women. Further studies are needed to give a global view of this polymorphism in pathogenesis of PCOS in a large-scale sample, family-based association design or well-defined subgroups of PCOS. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Mating changes the subcellular distribution and the functionality of estrogen receptors in the rat oviduct

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Estrogen receptors present a subcellular distribution compatible with E2 genomic and nongenomic signaling in the oviductal epithelial cells of C1 and P1 although IPS occurs independently of changes in the distribution of ESR1 and ESR2 in the oviductal epithelial cells. Mating affected intraoviductal ER-signaling and induced loss of functional involvement of ESR2 on E2-induced accelerated egg transport. These findings reveal a profound influence on the ER signaling pathways exerted by mating in the oviduct. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Human male gamete endocrinology: 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) regulates different aspects of human sperm biology and metabolism

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data extended the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 beyond its conventional physiological actions, paving the way for novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of the male reproduction disorders. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Isolation and characterization of a strain of Lichtheimia corymbifera (ex Absidia corymbifera) from a case of bovine abortion

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present report describes the isolation and the molecular characterisation of a fungal isolate from bovine aborted fetus and placenta. The diagnostic protocol allowed to identify and characterise the strain. This is the first isolation in Italy of Lichtheimia corymbifera in a bovine aborted fetus. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

A retrospective study on IVF outcome in euthyroid patients with anti-thyroid antibodies: effects of levothyroxine, acetyl-salicylic acid and prednisolone adjuvant treatments

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These observations suggest that euthyroid ATA+ patients undergoing IVF could have better outcome if given LT+ASA+P as adjuvant treatment. This hypothesis must be verified in further randomized, prospective studies. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Growth-differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) in the uterus: its identification and functional significance in the golden hamster

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Transforming growth factor-beta superfamily regulates many aspects of reproduction in the female. We identified a novel member of this family, growth-differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) in the 72 h post coital uterine fluid of the golden hamster by proteomic techniques. Uterine GDF-8 mRNA decreased as pregnancy progressed while its active protein peaked at 72 h post coitus (hpc) and thereafter stayed at a lower level. At 72 hpc, the GDF-8 transcript was localized to the endometrial epithelium while its protein accumulated in the stroma. Exogenous GDF-8 slowed down proliferation of primary cultures of uterine smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endometrial epithelial cells (EEC). In addition, GDF-8 attenuated the release of LIF (leukaemia inhibiting factor) by EEC. As for the embryo in culture, GDF-...

Ets-2 and p53 mediate cAMP-induced MMP-2 expression, activity and trophoblast invasion

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: MMP-2 is regulated by PKA through several binding sites and transcription factors including Ets-2, p53, C/EBP, C/EBP lambda and AP-2 alpha. Ets-2 and p53 mediate cAMP- induced trophoblast invasiveness, through regulation of MMP-2. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Can prematurity risk in twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization be predicted? A retrospective study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: Assisted reproduction (ART) contributes to world-wide increases of twin pregnancies, in turn raising prematurity risks. Whether characteristics of ART cycles, resulting in twin gestations, can predict prematurity risks was the subject of this study. Methods: One-hundred-and-six women, ages 20 to 39 years, with consecutive dichorionic-diamniotic (DC/DA) twin gestations were retrospectively investigated. All pregnancies investigated followed fresh ART cycles, with use of autologous gamets, and were delivered at a university-based high-risk, maternal-fetal medicine unit. Only premature deliveries (i.e., (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Fhl5/Act, a CREM-binding transcriptional activator required for normal sperm maturation and morphology, is not essential for testicular gene expression

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: the outcome of these experiments suggests that testicular expression profiling is extremely sensitive to the genetic background and that Fhl5 is not essential for testicular gene expression to a level detected by microarray-based measurements. This might be due to redundant function of the related and similarly expressed protein Fhl4. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Disruption of the maxi-K-caveolin-1 interaction alters current expression in human myometrial cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that disruption of the caveolin-binding site interferes with the cav-1/maxi-K channel interaction, and that lack of the cav-1/maxi-K channel interaction in MSMCs attenuates the total K+ channel current of the cell. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Specific subsets of immune cells in human decidua differ between normal pregnancy and preeclampsia - a prospective observational study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we therefore investigated the leucocyte subpopulations in decidual tissues of 33 women with preeclampsia and 66 control patients. Methods: Decidua was either obtained via curettage during cesarean section or dissected from the surface of the basal plate of the placenta after spontaneous delivery. We used FACS analysis to quantify decidual leukocytes (CD45), NK cells (CD56+/CD16+ and CD56++/CD16-), antigen presenting cells (HLA-DR, DC-Sign, CD14) and T/B cells (CD8, CD4, alpha-beta-T-cell receptor, gamma-delta-T-cell receptor, CD25, CD19). Results: The number of decidual cytotoxic CD8+T-lymphocytes (P (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The secretions of oviduct epithelial cells increase the equine in vitro fertilization rate: are osteopontin, atrial natriuretic peptide A and oviductin involved?

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our study shows a beneficial effect of homologous and heterologous oviduct cells on equine IVF rates, though the rates remain low. Furthers studies are necessary to identify the proteins involved. We showed that the surface plasmon resonance technique is efficient and powerful to analyze molecular interactions during fertilization. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Gene expression profiles of mouse spermatogenesis during recovery from irradiation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The data indicates that recovery of spermatogenesis can be monitored by means of gene expression, which could aid in designing radiation treatment regimes for cancer patients leading to better restoration of spermatogenesis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Leukocytospermia and sperm preparation - a flow cytometric study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Seminal leukocytes do not seem to influence sperm preparation results. However, for assisted conception, semen samples containing leukocytes should be processed using swim-up method. Although peroxidase-test is recommended by WHO as the standardmethod for determining semen leukocytes, it should not be used in clinical research study. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Enhanced ERbeta immunoexpression and apoptosis in the germ cells of cimetidine-treated rats

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The presence of ERbeta immunolabeling in the flagellum and residual bodies of spermatids reinforces the role of estrogen in spermiogenesis. The overexpression of ERbeta in the germ cells of CmG could be related to a possible interference of cimetidine on tubular androgenization and/or on the intratubular aromatase due to Sertoli cell damage. The parallelism between ERbeta overexpression and apoptosis indicates a participation of ERbeta on germ cell death. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Up-regulation of CatSper genes family by selenium

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Se treatment in the aging subjects could up-regulate the expression of CatSper genes, and therefore results in elevation of sperm motility. Furthermore, Se treatment improved sperm parameters, especially morphology and viability rates. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Semen molecular and cellular features: these parameters can reliably predict subsequent ART outcome in a goat model

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Currently, the assessment of sperm function in a raw or processed semen sample is not able to reliably predict sperm ability to withstand freezing and thawing procedures and in vivo fertility and/or assisted reproductive biotechnologies (ART) outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate which parameters among a battery of analyses could predict subsequent spermatozoa in vitro fertilization ability and hence blastocyst output in a goat model. Ejaculates were obtained by artificial vagina from 3 adult goats (Capra hircus) aged 2 years (A, B and C). In order to assess the predictive value of viability, computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) motility parameters and ATP intracellular concentration before and after thawing and of DNA integrity after thawing on subsequent embryo outp...

Regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory mediators, and endometrial matrix remodeling by 17beta-estradiol in the immature rat uterus

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The data demonstrate that E2-regulated endometrial remodeling is rapid in onset ( (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Quantity and quality of retrograde menstruation: a case control study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: When compared to nonmenstrual phases of the cycle, menstruation is associated with an increased concentration of red and white blood cells in PF. However, the presence of EM cells that are detectable by immunohistochemistry in PF is low during all phases of the cycle, including menstruation. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Expression of nodal signalling components in cycling human endometrium and in endometrial cancer

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The expression of Nodal in normal and malignant endometrial cells that lack Lefty strongly supports an important role for this embryonic morphogen in the tissue remodelling events that occur across the menstrual cycle and in tumourogenesis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in human and rats

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: D-aspartic acid is a physiological amino acid occurring principally in the pituitary gland and testes and has a role in the regulation of the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Spatio-temporal expression patterns of anandamide-binding receptors in rat implantation sites: evidence for a role of the endocannabinoid system during the period of placental development

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These observations support a role for the endocannabinoid system during the period of decidualization and placental development. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The measurement of reactive oxygen species in human neat semen and in suspended spermatozoa: a comparison

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Measurement of ROS production in neat semen better reflects actual oxidative status because it detects only the overproduction of ROS which are not effectively scavenged by antioxidant capacity of seminal fluid. The results of our study shows a good commutability of both measurements for identification of semen samples with high ROS production. The measurement in neat semen is even less time consuming and therefore easier to implement into laboratory routine. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The BSA-induced Ca(2+) influx during sperm capacitation is CATSPER channel-dependent

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that the initial phase of the increases in intracellular calcium concentration induced by BSA requires the CATSPER channel, but not the voltage-gated calcium channel. Our findings identify the molecular conduit responsible for the calcium entry required for the sperm motility changes that occur during capacitation. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Tissue-specific cytokine release from human extra-placental membranes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in a two-compartment tissue culture system

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The amnion and choriodecidua exhibited distinct patterns of response to LPS with evidence of inflammatory signaling across the layers of the gestational membranes. These results suggest a complicated network of signaling within the gestational membranes, in which cytokine- and tissue-specific responses to inflammatory stimulation may have important implications for maintaining pregnancy in the challenge of microbial invasion of the uterine compartment. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Prostaglandin treatment is associated with a withdrawal of progesterone and androgen at the receptor level in the uterine cervix

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PG-E2 on the expression of the progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in human uterine cervix in prolonged pregnancy.The study groups were postterm nulliparous women with unripe cervices undergoing cervical priming with PG-E2 before labor induction. Responders (n=12) who delivered vaginally were compared with non-responders (n=10), who underwent cesarean section due to failure to progress to the active phase of labor. Controls (n=18) with vaginal partus at a normal gestational age served as a reference group. Cervical levels of PR-A and PR- B isoforms, AR and GR, serum levels of their ligands and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG...

Pathophysiology of cell phone radiation: oxidative stress and carcinogenesis with focus on male reproductive system

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Hazardous health effects stemming from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) emitted from cell phones have been reported in the literature. However, the cellular target of RF-EMW is still controversial. This review identifies the plasma membrane as a target of RF-EMW. In addition, the effects of RF-EMW on plasma membrane structures (i.e. NADH oxidase, phosphatidylserine, ornithine decarboxylase) and voltage-gated calcium channels are discussed. We explore the disturbance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism caused by RF-EMW and delineate NADH oxidase mediated ROS formation as playing a central role in oxidative stress (OS) due to cell phone radiation (with a focus on the male reproductive system). This review also addresses 1) the controversial effects of RF-EMW ...

Leptin interferes with 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) signaling to inhibit steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of female infertility. Leptin, an adipocytokine which is elevated during obesity, may influence gonadal function through modulating steroidogenesis in granulosa cells. Methods: The effect of leptin on progesterone production in simian virus 40 immortalized granulosa (SVOG) cells was examined by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of leptin on the expression of the steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, P450scc, 3betaHSD) in SVOG cells was examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The mRNA expression of leptin receptor isoforms in SVOG cells were examined by using PCR. SVOG cells were co-treated with leptin and specific pharmacological inhibitors to identify the signaling pathways involved in leptin-reduced progesterone ...

Effects of leptin on in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryonic cleavage after ICSI and early developmental expression of leptin (Ob) and leptin receptor (ObR) proteins in the horse

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study was conducted to determine whether leptin supplementation during in vitro maturation (IVM) to horse oocytes could have effects on their developmental capacity after fertilization by IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Methods: Compact and expanded-cumulus horse oocytes were matured in medium containing different concentrations (1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml) of recombinant human leptin and the effects on maturation, fertilization and embryo cleavage were evaluated. Furthermore, early developmental expression of Ob and leptin receptor (Ob-R) was investigated by immunocytochemical staining. Results: In expanded-cumulus oocytes, the addition of leptin in IVM medium improved maturation (74% vs 44%, for 100 ng/ml leptin-treated and control groups, respectively; P (Source: Reproductive ...

A comparison of menotropin, highly-purified menotropin and follitropin alfa in cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although similar live birth rates were achieved, markedly lower doses of r-hFSH were required compared with hMG or HP-hMG. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Predicting lung maturity in preterm rupture of membranes via lamellar bodies count from a vaginal pool: a cohort study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Counting of lamellar bodies in amniotic fluid from a vaginal pool may be used to predict fetal lung maturity. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Early hCG addition to rFSH for ovarian stimulation in IVF provides better results and the cDNA copies of the hCG receptor may be an indicator of successful stimulation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study has also determined, for the first time to our best knowledge, m-RNA for LH/hCG receptors in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood 40 h before ovum pick-up. cDNA levels of the hCG receptor after ovarian stimulation were significantly higher among women receiving hCG compared to those receiving LH. In addition, higher levels were encountered among women with pregnancy compared to those without, although this was not statistically significant due to the small number of pregnancies. It seems that hCG permits a highly effective and more stable occupancy of rLH/hCG receptors and gives more follicles and more oocytes. The determination of cDNA copies could be, in the future, a marker during ovulation induction protocols and of course a predictor for the outcome of ART in the special sub...

Laparoscopic conservative management of ureteral endometriosis: a survey of eighty patients submitted to ureterolysis

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: laparoscopic ureterolysis is effective and well tolerated in most cases of ureteral endometriosis. Ureteroneocystostomy is a better strategy for patients with extended (more than 4 cm) ureteral involvement or with severe stenosis with or without hydronephrosis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Miscarriage rates after dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a case control study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

DiscussionSince DOR patients in the literature are reported to experience significantly higher miscarriage rates than average IVF patients, the here observed reduction in miscarriages after DHEA supplementation exceeds, however, all expectations. Miscarriage rates after DHEA not only were lower than in an average national IVF population but were comparable to rates reported in normally fertile populations. Low miscarriage rates, comparable to those of normal fertile women, are statistically impossible to achieve in DOR patients without assumption of a DHEA effect on embryo ploidy. Beyond further investigations in infertile populations, these data, therefore, also suggest the investigations of pre-conception DHEA supplementation in normal fertile populations above age 35 years. (Source: Rep...

The absorption and uptake of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone through vaginal subcutaneous injections - a pharmacokinetic study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The vaginal injection mode elicited a rapid and highly extended absorption of rhFSH injected compared to conventional abdominal injection. These data indicate that the rate and extent of FSH absorption from the injection site can vary depending on the route of the FSH administration. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Influence of obstetric factors on osteogenic potential of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Wharton's jelly from the umbilical cord is a noncontroversial source of mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) with high plasticity, proliferation rate and ability to differentiate towards multiple lineages. WJMSCs from different donors have been characterized for their osteogenic potential. Although there is large evidence of WJMSCs plasticity, recently scientific debate has focused on MSCs selection, establishing predictable elements to discriminate the cells with most promising osteoprogenitor cell potential.In the present study a comparative study between the presence of osteoblastic markers and different parameters that pertain to both the newborn and the mother was performed. Umbilical cords were collected after all patients signed the informed consent and local ethical commettee approved t...

Intra- and inter-observer analysis in the morphological assessment of early-stage embryos

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In conclusion, assessment of morphological characteristics of early stage embryos using multilevel images was marked by a high intra-observer and a moderate inter-observer agreement. Training sessions were useful to increase inter-observer agreement. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Di-(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate and flutamide alter gene expression in the testis of immature male rats

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We previously demonstrated that the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of endocrine disruptors (EDs) alter reproductive function and exert distinct effects on developing male reproductive organs. To further investigate these effects, we used an immature rat model to examine the effects of di-(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and flutamide (Flu) on the male reproductive system. Immature male SD rats were treated daily with DEHP and Flu on postnatal days (PNDs) 21 to 35, in a dose-dependent manner. As results, the weights of the testes, prostate, and seminal vesicle and anogenital distances (AGD) decreased significantly in response to high doses of DEHP or Flu. Testosterone (T) levels significantly decreased in all DEHP- treated groups, whereas luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma levels were n...

Impact of GnRH analogues on oocyte/embryo quality and embryo development in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a case control study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Despite the clinical outcomes of ovarian stimulation with either GnRH-agonist or GnRH-antagonist analogues for in vitro fertilization (IVF) being well analysed, the effect of analogues on oocyte/embryo quality and embryo development is still not known in detail. The aim of this case-control study was to compare the efficacy of a multiple-dose GnRH antagonist protocol with that of the GnRH agonist long protocol with a view to oocyte and embryo quality, embryo development and IVF treatment outcome. Methods: Between October 2001 and December 2008, 100 patients were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and GnRH antagonist in their first treatment cycle for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). One hundred combined GnRH agonist + HMG (long protocol) cycles ...

A novel variant of ER-alpha, ER-alpha36 mediates testosterone-stimulated ERK and Akt activation in endometrial cancer Hec1A cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 23 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Testosterone induces ERK and Akt phosphorylation via the membrane-initiated signaling pathways mediated by ER-alpha36, suggesting a possible involvement of ER-alpha 36 in testosterone carcinogenesis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Biological versus chronological ovarian age: implications for assisted reproductive technology

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Patients with biologically older ovaries may benefit from a tailored approach based on individual patient characteristics. Among the most promising adjuvant therapies for improving ART outcomes in women of advanced reproductive age are the administration of exogenous LH or GH. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Impact of female age and male infertility on ovarian reserve markers to predict outcome of assisted reproduction technology cycles

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to assess the capability of ovarian reserve markers, including baseline FSH levels, baseline anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, and antral follicle count (AFC), as predictors of live births during IVF cycles, especially for infertile couples with advanced maternal age and/or male factors. Methods: A prospective cohort of 336 first IVF/ICSI cycles undergoing a long protocol with GnRH agonist was investigated. Patients with endocrine disorders or unilateral ovaries were excluded. Results: Among the ovarian reserve tests, AMH and age had a greater area under the receiving operating characteristic curve than FSH in predicting live births. Furthermore, AMH and age were the sole predictive factors of live births for women greater than or equal to 35 years of age; while ...

Factors affecting the outcome of human blastocyst vitrification

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

With single blastocyst transfer practice becoming more common in ART, there is a greater demand for a convenient and reliable cryostorage of surplus blastocysts. Vitrification has emerged in the last decade as an alternative promising substitute for slow freezing. Blastocysts represent a unique challenge in cryostorage due to their size, multicellular structure and presence of blastocoele. The continuous acquisition of experience and introduction of many different technological developments has led to the improvement of vitrification as a technology and improved the results of its application in blastocyst cryostorage. The current information concerning safety and efficacy of the vitrification of blastocysts will be reviewed along with the variables that can impact the outcome of the proce...

Laser capture microdissection of gonads from juvenile zebrafish

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study presents a protocol for isolation of individual juvenile zebrafish gonads, which will enable future investigations of gonadal gene expression during the critical period of sex differentiation. Furthermore, the presented staining method is applicable to other species as it is directed towards alkaline phosphatase that is expressed in gonocytes and embryonic stem cells, which is conserved among vertebrate species. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Function of caspase-14 in trophoblast differentiation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Since expression of these molecules is normally increased with trophoblast differentiation, our results imply that caspase-14 inhibits trophoblast differentiation. This is the first functional study of this unusual member of the caspase family in the trophoblast, where it has a different function than in the epidermis. This knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of trophoblast differentiation may instruct future therapies of trophoblast disease. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Participation of ezrin in bacterial uptake by trophoblast giant cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Ezrin associates with Hsc70 that locates on the membrane of TG cells and participates in the bacterial uptake by TG cells. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Rapidly evolving marmoset MSMB genes are differently expressed in the male genital tract

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Callitrichide monkeys have four functional MSMB that are all expressed in the male genital tract, but the product from one gene, MSMB3, will predominate in seminal plasma. This gene and MSMB2, the predominating testicular gene, have accumulated mutations that affect different parts of the translation products, suggesting an ongoing molecular specialization that presumably yields functional differences in accessory sex glands and testis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

A cross-study gene set enrichment analysis identifies critical pathways in endometriosis

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study of complex diseases through pathway analysis is able to highlight genes weakly connected to the phenotype which may be difficult to detect by using classical univariate statistics. By standardised microarray preprocessing and GSEA, we have increased the concordance in identifing many biological mechanisms involved in endometriosis. The identified gene pathways will shed light on the understanding of endometriosis and promote the development of novel therapies. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Increased NO bioavailability in aging male rats by genistein and exercise training: using 4, 5-diaminofluorescein diacetate

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Several kinds of anti-oxidants have drawn a lot of intension for their benefits on vascular protection. In addition, it has been demonstrated that exercise training could improve endothelial function by up-regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of genistein, a potent phyto-antioxidant, and exercise training on age-induced endothelial dysfunction in relation to NO bioavailability using in situ NO-sensitive fluorescent dye detection. Methods: Male Wistar rats (20-22-month old) were divided into four groups: aged rats treated with corn oil, (Aged+Veh, n=5), aged rats treated with genistein (Aged+Gen, n=5, (0.25 mg/kg BW/day, s.c.)), aged rats with and without exercise training (Aged+Ex, n=5, swimmin...

Modulation of Apolipoprotein D levels in human pregnancy and association with gestational weight gain

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: It is speculated that the decrease in plasma ApoD concentration during pregnancy is an adaptive response aimed at maintaining fetal lipid homeostasis. The exact mechanism of this adaptation is not known. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Comparative structure analyses of cystine knot-containing molecules with eight aminoacyl ring including glycoprotein hormones (GPH) alpha and beta subunits and GPH-related A2 (GPA2) and B5 (GPB5) molecules

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 30 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

DiscussionThe comparison indicated that the common GPH alpha subunit exhibits a SS bridge organization ressembling that of DAN and GPA2 but possesses a unique bridge linking an additional cysteine inside the ring to the most N-terminal cysteine residue. The specific GPHbeta subunits also exhibit a SS bridge organization close to that of DAN but it has two additional C-terminal cysteine residues which are involved in the formation of the "seat belt" fastened by a SS "buckle" that ensures the stability of the heterodimeric structure of GPHs. GPA2 and GPB5 exhibit no cys residue potentially involved in interchain SS bridge and GPB5 does not possess a sequence homologous to that of the seatbelt in GPH -subunits. GPA2 and GPB5 are thus not expected to form a stable heterodimer at low concentrat...

"hCG priming" effect in controlled ovarian stimulation through a long protocol

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 30 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: All the above clinical observations, in conjunction with previous data, suggest a point towards a beneficial "hCG priming" effect in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation through a long GnRH-a down-regulation protocol, particularly in patients with previous ART failures. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Distribution and hormonal regulation of membrane progesterone receptors beta and gamma in ciliated epithelial cells of mouse and human fallopian tubes

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our findings show the presence and hormonal regulation of two distinct mPRs associated with the cilia of the fallopian tubes in both mice and women. It is hypothesized that these receptors are involved in the control of ciliary movement and, thus, gamete transport in the fallopian tubes of mammals. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Occurrence of testicular microlithiasis in androgen insensitive hypogonadal mice

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We have identified a mouse model of TM and show that lack of endocrine stimulation is a cause of TM. Importantly, this model will provide a means with which to identify the mechanisms of TM development and the underlying changes in protein and gene expression. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Comparison of follicular fluid and serum levels of Inhibin A and Inhibin B with calculated indices used as predictive markers of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in IVF patients

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a severe health complication observed in some patients undergoing hormonal stimulation during IVF. Presence of OHSS is often associated with a high count of growing follicles responding to FSH hyperstimulation. However, the number of responding follicles may not be sufficient enough to predict the onset and severity of OHSS. The aim of this study was to find whether follicular fluid (FF) and serum concentrations of Inhibin A and Inhibin B in patients undergoing IVF treatment may serve as a predictor of OHSS status independent of the growing follicles count. Methods: Serum and follicular fluid of fifty-three women undertaking the IVF program were separated into four groups according to their OHSS status and growing follicles count and ...

Prolactin signaling through the short isoform of the mouse prolactin receptor regulates DNA binding of specific transcription factors, often with opposite effects in different reproductive issues

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate that PRL does signal through PRL-RS in the decidua as well as the ovary, independently of PRL-RL, and activates/represses transcription factors in a tissue specific manner. This is the first report showing PRL/PRL-RS regulation of specific transcription factors. Many of these transcription factors were not previously known to be PRL targets, suggesting novel physiological roles for this hormone. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is elevated in midtrimester amniotic fluid prior to the development of preeclampsia

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sat, 22 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

ObjectiveTo evaluate levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (TIMP) in second trimester amniotic fluid of women with hypertensive disorders compared to normotensive women.Study Design: Amniotic fluid was obtained from 133 women undergoing genetic second trimester amniocentesis. Zymography was performed for MMP characterization and an MMP-2 ELISA kit was used to determine MMP-2 levels. TIMP-2 expression was evaluated using western blot. Results: Mean amniotic fluid MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels were significantly higher in women who developed a hypertensive disorder compared to normotensive women (P (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Modulation of cytokines and transcription factors (T-Bet and GATA3) in CD4 enriched cervical cells of Chlamydia trachomatis infected fertile and infertile women upon stimulation with chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins B and C

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Chlamydial Inclusion membrane proteins (Incs), are involved in biochemical interactions with host cells and infecting Chlamydiae. We have previously reported the role of two Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Incs, namely IncB and IncC in generating host immunity in CT infected women. Emerging data shows involvement of Inc stimulated CD4 positive T cells in aiding host immunity in infected fertile and infertile women through the secretion of interferon gamma. However the lack of data on the intra-cytokine interplay to these Incs in infected cell milieu prompted us to investigate further. Methods: A total of 14 CT-positive fertile, 18 CT-positive infertile women and 25 uninfected controls were enrolled in this study. CD8 depleted, CD4 enriched cervical cells were isolated and upon stimu...

Isolation and characterization of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) from a cow affected by post partum metritis and cloning of the genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 18 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The analysis of genome strain variation is a key method for investigating genes associated with disease. A resource for dissection of the interactions between BoHV-4 and host endometrial cells was generated by cloning the genome of BoHV-4 as a BAC. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Male mice with deleted Wolframin (Wfs1) gene have reduced fertility

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The impaired fertility of Wfs1KO male mice is most likely due to changes in sperm morphology and reduced number of spermatogenic cells. The exact mechanism through which the Wfs1 gene influences sperm morphology needs to be clarified in further studies. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Transforming growth factor beta isoforms regulation of Akt activity and XIAP levels in rat endometrium during estrous cycle, in a model of pseudopregnancy and in cultured decidual cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Those results suggest that TGF-beta might play an important role in the remodelling endometrium during the estrous cycle and in the regulation of apoptosis in rat decidual cells, in which inhibition of Akt survival pathway might be an important mechanism involved in the regulation of apoptosis. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and GnRH-II induce cell growth inhibition in human endometrial cancer cells: Involvement of integrin beta3 and focal adhesion kinase

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the female genital tract, accounting for nearly one half of all gynecologic cancers in the Western world. Although intensive research on pathological phenomena of endometrial cancer is currently going on, but exact cause and biological aspects of this disease are not well described yet. In addition to well-documented roles of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hypopituitary ovarian (HPO) axis, the agonistic or antagonistic analogs (or both) of GnRH have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of human gynecologic cancers. Thus, in the present study, we further examined the possibility that GnRH induces integrin beta3 and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK1/2...

Vasodilator factors in the systemic and local adaptations to pregnancy

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We postulate that an orchestrated network composed of various vasodilatory systems participates in the systemic and local hemodynamic adaptations in pregnancy. The temporal patterns of increase in the circulating and urinary levels of five vasodilator factors/systems, prostacyclin, nitric oxide, kallikrein, angiotensin-(1-7) and VEGF, in normal pregnant women and animals, as well as the changes observed in preeclamptic pregnancies support their functional role in maintaining normotension by opposing the vasoconstrictor systems. In addition, the expression of these vasodilators in the different trophoblastic subtypes in various species supports their role in the transformation of the uterine arteries. Moreover, their expression in the fetal endothelium and in the syncytiotrophoblast in hum...

LH pulse frequency and the emergence and growth of ovarian antral follicular waves in the ewe during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: In the ewe, ovarian antral follicles emerge or grow from a pool of 2-3 mm follicles in a wave like pattern, reaching greater than or equal to 5mm in diameter before regression or ovulation. There are 3 or 4 such follicular waves during each estrous cycle. Each wave is preceded by a peak in serum FSH concentrations. The role of pulsatile LH in ovarian antral follicular emergence and growth is unclear; therefore, the purpose of the present study was to further define this role. Methods: Ewes (n=7) were given 200ng of GnRH (IV) every hour for 96 h from Day 7 of the estrous cycle, to increase LH pulse frequency. Controls (n=6) received saline. In a second study, ewes (n=6) received subcutaneous progesterone-releasing implants for 10 days starting on Day 4 of the cycle, to decrease ...

Ovarian steroids regulate tachykinin and tachykinin receptor gene expression in the mouse uterus

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results show that the expression of tachykinins and their receptors in the mouse uterus is tightly and differentially regulated by ovarian steroids. Estrogen effects are mainly mediated by ERalpha supporting an essential role for this estrogen receptor in the regulation of the tachykinergic system in the mouse uterus. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Characterization of a novel telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line, St-T1b

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: St-T1b express the appropriate phenotypic ESC markers and their decidual response closely mimics that of primary cultures. Decidualization is efficiently induced by cAMP analog and enhanced by medroxyprogesterone acetate, and, to a lesser extent, by natural progesterone. St-T1b cells therefore serve as a useful model for primary ESC. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Successful artificial insemination in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) using chilled and frozen-thawed semen

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sat, 18 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This is the first report showing pregnancy following AI with frozen-thawed semen in the Asian elephant. Successful AI in the Asian elephant using either chilled or frozen-thawed semen is a stepping stone towards applying this technology for genetic improvement of the elephant population. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

MyD88 and TRIF mediate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induced corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) expression in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cell line

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: MyD88 and TRIF exert direct regulatory effect on cAMP-induced CRH promoter activation in JEG3 cells in the absence of infection. MyD88 most likely interacts with molecules upstream of IRAK2 to regulate cAMP-induced CRH expression. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Study of RNA interference inhibiting rat ovarian androgen biosynthesis by depressing 17alpha-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase activity in vivo

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The present study proves for the first time that ovarian androgen biosynthesis can be inhibited by silencing CYP17 expression. It may provide a novel strategy for therapy of hyperandrogenism diseases, and also set an example for the use of RNAi technology in endocrine diseases. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Blood vessel remodeling in pig ovarian follicles during the periovulatory period: an immunohistochemistry and SEM-corrosion casting study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These data allow us to hypothesize that EPerOFs are in a quiescent status. LPerOFs represent the "metamorphic" follicles that rapidly turn-on angiogenesis to sustain a successful corpus luteum formation. Particularly, it is interesting to underlie that the non-sprouting angiogenesis, typical of structures in rapid neovascularization, occurred only in the LPerOFs. Moreover, vascular geometric relations showed as blood vessel remodeling occurs with the "maximum output and the minimum energetic expense".This knowledge will allow to better understand the mechanisms regulating the reproductive success and to clarify the complex physiological angiogenic process in adult tissues. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Molecular and functional characterization of voltage-gated sodium channels in human sperm

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This research shows the presence of voltage-gated sodium channels in human sperm and supports a role for these channels in the regulation of mature sperm function. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Potential markers of preeclampsia - a review

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We present here the current knowledge on the biology of preeclampsia and review several biochemical markers which may be used to monitor preeclampsia in a future, that, we hope, is not to distant from today. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

High-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy for monitoring ovarian structures in mice

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 05 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Until recently, the limit of spatial resolution of ultrasound systems has prevented characterization of structures (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

An imbalance between apoptosis and proliferation contributes to follicular persistence in polycystic ovaries in rats

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Cystic ovarian disease is an important cause of infertility that affects bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species and even human beings. Alterations in the ovarian micro-environment of females with follicular cysts could alter the normal processes of proliferation and programmed cell death in ovarian cells. Thus, our objective was to evaluate apoptosis and proliferation in ovarian cystic follicles in rats in order to investigate the cause of cystic follicle formation and persistence. Methods: We compared the number of in situ apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay, expression of active caspase-3 and members of Bcl-2 family by immunohistochemistry; and cell proliferation by the expression of the proliferation markers: PCNA and Ki-67. Results: The proliferation index was low in granulo...

Seminiferous tubule transfection in vitro to define post-meiotic gene regulation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We have devised a methodology which allows relatively high throughput analysis of post-meiotic gene promoters into primary cells of intact seminiferous tubules. An apparent lack of cell-type specificity suggests that the gene fragments used do not contain sufficient targeting information, or that the transient episomal expression of the constructs does not encourage appropriate expression specificity. The results also highlight the doubtful interpretation of many studies using heterologous transfection systems to analyse post-meiotically expressed genes. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Chronic crude garlic-feeding modified adult male rat testicular markers: mechanisms of action

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 23 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In summary, we showed that feeding with crude garlic inhibited Leydig steroidogenic enzyme expression and Sertoli cell markers. These alterations might induce apoptosis in testicular germ cells. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Activin A induces ovine follicle stimulating hormone beta using -169/-58 bp of its promoter and a simple TATA box

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 23 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The data show that specific ovine FSHB sequences 5' to -175 bp or 3' of the transcription start site are not required for induction by activin A. A minimal TATA box promoter supports induction by activin A, but the sequence between the TATA box and transcription start site seems unimportant. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

NTPDases in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: possible energy regulators of the positive gonadotrophin feedback

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 16 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Brain-derived ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) have been known as plasma membrane-incorporated enzymes with their ATP-hydrolyzing domain outside of the cell. As such, these enzymes are thought to regulate purinergic intercellular signaling by hydrolyzing ATP to ADP-AMP, thus regulating the availability of specific ligands for various P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors. The role of NTPDases in the central nervous system is little understood. The two major reasons are the insufficient knowledge of the precise localization of these enzymes in neural structures, and the lack of specific inhibitors for the various NTPDases. To fill these gaps, we recently studied the presence of neuron-specific NTPDase3 in the mitochondria of hypothalamic excitatory neurons b...

Increases in norepinephrine release and ovarian cyst formation during ageing in the rat

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 16 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These data suggest that the ageing process in the ovary of the Sprague-Dawley rat is accompanied by an increased sympathetic tone of the ovary. Consequently, this sympathetic change could be related to a neuroendocrine-driven formation of a polycystic condition similar to that observed in the sympathetic-activated adult ovary. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 15 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Differences at the genetic level revealed distinct disease functions and operational pathways in African Americans and Caucasians in spontaneous preterm birth. Differences in maternal and fetal contributions in pregnancy outcome are also different between African Americans and Caucasians. These results present a set of explicit testable hypotheses regarding genetic associations with preterm birth in African Americans and Caucasians (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The impact of cocaine and heroin on the placental transfer of methadone

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 11 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The combination of cocaine or heroin with methadone increase antipyrine permeability. Changes of MPs resemble findings seen in oxidative stress of syncytiotrophoblast. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Epigenetic regulation in mammalian preimplantation embryo development

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Preimplantation embryo development involves four stages: fertilization, cell cleavage, morula and blastocyst formation. During these stages, maternal and zygotic epigenetic factors play crucial roles. The gene expression profile is changed dramatically, chromatin is modified and core histone elements undergo significant changes. Each preimplantation embryo stage has its own characteristic epigenetic profile, consistent with the acquisition of the capacity to support development. Moreover, histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation as well as other epigenetic events can act as regulatory switches of gene transcription. Because the epigenetic profile is largely related to differentiation, epigenetic dysfunction can give rise to developmental abnormalities. Thus, epigenetic pro...

Hormone-regulated expression and distribution of versican in mouse uterine tissues

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results show that the expression of versican in uterine tissues is modulated by ovarian steroid hormones, in a tissue-specific manner. VER is induced in the myometrium exclusively by E2, whereas MPA induces VER deposition only in the endometrial stroma. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Effects of recombinant LH supplementation to recombinant FSH during induced ovarian stimulation in the GnRH-agonist protocol: a matched case-control study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 04 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Some studies have suggested that the suppression of endogenous LH secretion does not seem to affect the majority of patients who are undergoing assisted reproduction and stimulation with recombinant FSH (r-FSH). Other studies have indicated that a group of normogonadotrophic women down-regulated and stimulated with pure FSH preparations may experience low LH concentrations that compromise the IVF parameters. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of recombinant LH (r-LH) supplementation for controlled ovarian stimulation in r-FSH and GnRH-agonist (GnRH-a) protocol in ICSI cycles. Methods: A total of 244 patients without ovulatory dysfunction, aged (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Identification of ERbeta1 and ERbeta2 in human seminoma, in embryonal carcinoma and in their adjacent intratubular germ cell neoplasia

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 03 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A variable ERbeta expression was previously reported in testicular germ cell tumours and, particularly, an ERbeta down-regulation was evidenced in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Conversely, the current study has clearly identified ERbeta1 and ERbeta2 in the neoplastic cells of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, as well as in the malignant cells of their common pre-invasive precursor, intratubular germ cell neoplasia. Therefore, our findings suggest that ERbeta1 together with a possible ERbeta2 contribute, can mediate estrogen action in both early and late neoplastic testicular germ cells, not confirming the previously hypothesized antiproliferative effect of ERbetaon male gonadal (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Growth and development of the placenta in the capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris)

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 03 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: All important characteristics of placental development and organization in the capybara resembled those found in smaller hystricognath rodents including the guinea pig. There were no features dependent on body size. Clearly, placentation in hystricognaths adheres to an extraordinarily stable pattern suggesting they can be used interchangeably as models of human placenta. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Expression of genes associated with immunity in the endometrium of cattle with disparate postpartum uterine disease and fertility

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 29 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Cattle may maintain fertility by limiting the inflammatory response to postpartum bacterial infection in the endometrium during the first week after parturition. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Women with endometriosis improved their peripheral antioxidant markers after the application of a high antioxidant diet

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this work were 1) to compare the antioxidant intake among women with and without endometriosis and 2) to design and apply a high antioxidant diet to evaluate its capacity to reduce oxidative stress markers and improve antioxidant markers in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis. Methods: Women with (WEN, n=83) and without endometriosis (WWE, n=80) were interviewed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire to compare their antioxidant intake (of vitamins and minerals). Then, the WEN participated in the application of a control (n=35) and high antioxidant diet (n=37) for four months. The high antioxidant diet (HAD) guaranteed the intake of 150% of the suggested daily intake of vitamin A (1050 micrograms retinol equivalents), 660% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) ...

Infertility treatment outcome in sub groups of obese population

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 27 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In a homogenous infertile and obese patient population stratified according to their BMI, morbid obesity is associated with unfavorable IVF/ICSI cycle outcome as evidenced by lower pregnancy rates. It is recommended that morbidly obese patients undergo appropriate counseling before the initiation of this expensive and invasive therapy. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The Human Oocyte Preservation Experience (HOPE) a phase IV, prospective, multicenter, observational oocyte cryopreservation registry

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 27 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

DiscussionThe intent of the HOPE Registry is to enroll approximately 400 women of reproductive age who will undergo thawing/warming of oocytes and subsequent transfer. Data from the patients enrolled will be collected via a uniform, standardized form and will document important parameters such as demographics, laboratory procedures and outcomes, including following the outcomes of babies born for one year after birth. The results of the registry will be published on a yearly basis.SummaryA patient registry has been established in order to systematically document the techniques and outcomes of oocyte cryopreservation procedures. The results will be published in order to provide a widely accessible resource that will allow patients who are considering these procedures validated information i...

Integrin-linked kinase can facilitate syncytialization and hormonal differentiation of the human trophoblast-derived BeWo cell line

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 22 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: In the fusion pathway of trophoblast differentiation, stem villous cytotrophoblast cells proliferate and daughter cells differentiate and fuse with existing syncytiotrophoblast to maintain the multi-nucleated layer. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is highly expressed in 1st and 2nd trimester villous cytotrophoblast cells, yet barely detectable in syncytiotrophoblast, thus we examined the potential role of ILK in aiding trophoblast fusion. Methods: The temporal/spatial expression and activity of ILK were determined in BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses. BeWo cells were also transfected with pEGFP expression vectors containing wildtype or two mutant ILK cDNA constructs. The incidence of cell fusion in transfected cells grown under sy...

Uterine and placental expression of TRPV6 gene is regulated via progesterone receptor- or estrogen receptor-mediated pathways during pregnancy in rodents

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is an epithelial Ca2+ channel protein expressed in calcium absorbing organs. In the present study, we investigated the expression and regulation of uterine and placental TRPV6 during gestation in rodents. Uterine TRPV6 peaked at pregnancy day (P) 0.5, P5.5 and, P13.5 and was detected in uterine epithelium and glands of rats, while placental TRPV6 mRNA levels increased in mid-gestation. Uterine and placental TRPV6 mRNA levels in rats appear to cyclically change during pregnancy, suggesting that TRPV6 may participate in the implantation process. In addition, uterine TRPV6 mRNA is only expressed in placenta-unattached areas of the uterus, and uterine TRPV6 immunoreactivity was observed in luminal and glandular epitheli...

Lateralization of the connections of the ovary to the celiac ganglia in juvenile rats

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 21 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

During the development of the female rat, a maturing process of the factors that regulate the functioning of the ovaries takes place, resulting in different responses according to the age of the animal. Studies show that peripheral innervation is one relevant factor involved.In the present study we analyzed the anatomical relationship between the neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia (CSMG), and the right or left ovary in 24 or 28 days old female pre-pubertal rats. The participation of the superior ovarian nerve (SON) in the communication between the CSMG and the ovaries was analyzed in animals with unilateral section of the SON, previous to injecting true blue (TB) into the ovarian bursa. The animals were killed seven days after treatment. TB stained neurons were quantified at...

The estrogen-injected female mouse: new insight into the etiology of PCOS

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 18 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions A putative role for the thymus in estrogen-induced anovulation and follicular cyst formation (a model of PCOS) was examined in female mice by removing the gland prior to estrogen injection. Whereas all intact, female mice injected with 20 ug estrogen at 5-7 days of age had ovaries with follicular cysts, no cysts were observed in animals in which thymectomy at 3 days of age preceded estrogen injection. In fact, after restoring immune function by thymocyte replacement, the majority of thymectomized, estrogen-injected mice had ovaries with corpora lutea. Thus, when estrogen is unable to act on the thymus, ovulation occurs and follicular cysts do not develop. This implicates the thymus in the cysts' genesis and discounts the role of the hypothalamus. Subsequent research established...

Administration of follitropin alfa and lutropin alfa combined in a single injection: a feasibility assessment

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 18 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Follitropin alfa lyophilized powder or solution can be accurately mixed with follitropin alfa/lutropin alfa 150 IU/75 IU lyophilized powder to enable physicians to administer ratios of r-hFSH and r-hLH in the IU range from 3:1 to 8:1. Mixing of recombinant formulations offers flexibility for patients receiving follitropin alfa and lutropin alfa for ART protocols in clinical practice. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Characterization of antibodies for quantitative determination of spiggin protein levels in male and female three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 14 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, two polyclonal spiggin antibodies based on synthetic peptides and one polyclonal antibody directed against native spiggin have been characterized. The antibodies ability to identify spiggin was investigated by quantitative immunoassay. For both peptide antibodies the quantification range was determined to be between 1 and 80 ng spiggin and determination of renal spiggin levels from immature and mature males displayed a 15-fold increase in total spiggin content of the kidney resulting in a 6-fold increase in male kidney weight due to hypertrophy. The kidney somatic index (KSI) was found to correlate well with the total renal spiggin content and therefore it appears that KSI in sticklebacks could be used as an initial method to identify substances displaying androgenic effects...

Analysis of gene expression profiles in HeLa cells in response to overexpression or siRNA-mediated depletion of NASP

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 13 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that NASP belongs to a network of genes and gene functions that are critical for cell survival. We have confirmed the previously reported interactions between NASP and HSP90, HSP70, histone H1, histone H3, and TRAF6. Overexpression and depletion of NASP identified overlapping networks that included TNF as a core protein, confirming that both high and low levels of NASP are detrimental to cell cycle progression. Networks with cancer-related functions had the highest significance, however reproductive networks containing follistatin and FSH were also significantly affected, which confirmed NASP's important role in reproductive tissues. This study revealed that, despite some overlap, each response was associated with a unique gene signature and placed ...

Reduced expression of CRH receptor type 1 in upper segment human myometrium during labour

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 12 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 are expressed in nonpregnant and pregnant US and LS myometrium. Changed expression of CRH receptors during labour may underlie the initiation of uterine contractility during parturition. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The effects of endogenous and exogenous androgens on cardiovascular disease risk factors and progression

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 12 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Cardiovascular disease incidence rates have long be known to significantly differ between the two sexes. Estrogens alone fail to explain this phenomenon, bringing an increasing amount of attention to the role of androgens. Contrary to what was initially hypothesized, androgens seem to have an overall cardioprotective effect, especially in men. Recent studies and published data continue to support this notion by displaying a consistent inverse correlation with atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular disease both in regressive and prospective study models. Clinical studies have also revealed what seems to be a differential androgenic effect on various cardiovascular risk factors between men and women. Further insight indicates that in order to avoid confusion it may be also preferable...

Binding characteristics of the ovine membrane progesterone receptor alpha and expression of the receptor during the estrous cycle

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The mPR-alpha specifically binds progestins and its expression was correlated to progesterone secretion during the ovine estrous cycle. Results from the present studies suggest that mPR-alpha may have an important physiological role during the ovine estrous cycle. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) transcriptional repression by progesterone in jar choriocarcinoma cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Sat, 09 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Progesterone reducesPR and SP4 binding to the MMP-2 promoter, thereby suppressing transcription. Progesterone also promotes SP4 degradation. These novel mechanisms of MMP-2 regulation by progesterone provide the biological rationale for the use of progesterone in clinical settings associated with increased MMP-2 expression. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Luteinizing hormone induces expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in rat Leydig cells

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 04 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that LH increases the expression and enzyme activity of 11beta-HSD2, and therefore enhances capacity for oxidative inactivation of glucocorticoid in rat Leydig cells in vitro. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Follicular fluid content and oocyte quality: from single biochemical markers to metabolomics

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 04 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The assessment of oocyte quality in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) is getting increasing attention from embryologists. Oocyte selection and the identification of the best oocytes, in fact, would help to limit embryo overproduction and to improve the results of oocyte cryostorage programs. Follicular fluid (FF) is easily available during oocyte pick-up and theorically represents an optimal source on non-invasive biochemical predictors of oocyte quality. Unfortunately, however, the studies aiming to find a good molecular predictor of oocyte quality in FF were not able to identify substances that could be used as reliable markers of oocyte competence to fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy. In the last years, a well definite trend toward passing from the research of single mole...

Host immune responses to chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins B and C in Chlamydia trachomatis infected women with or without fertility disorders

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Tue, 28 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: With an increase in the number of putative inclusion membrane proteins (incs) in chlamydial genomes, there is a need for understanding their contribution in host-pathogen interactions. Thus in this study we determined the host mucosal and peripheral immune responses to incs (IncB and IncC) of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Methods: Female patients (n=296) attending the gynaecology out patient department of Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi were enrolled for the study and were clinically characterized into two groups; CT-positive fertile women (n=38) and CT-positive women with fertility disorders (n=29). Uninfected healthy fertile women were enrolled as controls (n=31). Gene specific PCRs were used for detection of incB and incC genes in endocervical samples of CT-positive patients. ...

A novel promoter controls Cyp19a1 gene expression in mouse adipose tissue

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 24 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Taken together, this research identified a novel, adipose-specific first exon of Cyp19a1 and its hormonally regulated promoter region in male murine gonadal fat. These results expand the known 5'-regulatory region of the murine Cyp19a1 gene to 75 kb upstream of the translation start site. Cyp19a1 expression in mouse adipose tissue may play an important role in reproductive biology and lipid metabolism. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Effects and mechanisms of action of sildenafil citrate in human chorionic arteries

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Phosphodiesterase-5 is present in the feto-placental circulation. Sildenafil citrate vasodilates the feto-placental circulation via a cGMP dependent mechanism involving increased responsiveness to NO. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

The effect of follicular fluid hormones on oocyte recovery after ovarian stimulation: FSH level predicts oocyte recovery

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The relationship between FSH and oocyte recovery is significant and appears to work through mechanisms independent of the sex hormones. FSH may be important for the physiologic event of separation of the cumulus-oocyte complex from the follicle wall, thereby influencing oocyte recovery. Current methods for inducing the final stages of oocyte maturation, with hCG administration alone, may not be optimal. Modifications of treatment protocols utilizing additional FSH may enhance oocyte recovery. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Single-embryo transfer reduces clinical pregnancy rates and live births in fresh IVF and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) cycles: a meta-analysis

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Thu, 23 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: It has become an accepted procedure to transfer more than one embryo to the patient to achieve acceptable ongoing pregnancy rates. However, transfers of more than a single embryo increase the probability of establishing a multiple gestation. Single-embryo transfer can minimize twin pregnancies but may also lower live birth rates. This meta-analysis aimed to compare current data on single-embryo versus double-embryo transfer in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles with respect to implantation, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates. Methods: Search strategies included on-line surveys of databases from 1995 to 2008. Data management and analysis were conducted using the StatsDirect statistical software. The fixed-effect model was used for odds ratio (OR). Fixed-effect effectiveness was evaluated...

Endometrial thickness, Caucasian ethnicity, and age predict clinical pregnancy following fresh blastocyst embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 22 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In a cohort of patients undergoing fresh BET, thicker endometrial stripe, Caucasian ethnicity, and younger age are positive predictors of clinical pregnancy after fresh BET. These findings may be useful in clinical management of infertile patients undergoing fresh BET cycles. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Age-specific effects of estrogen receptors' polymorphisms on the bone traits in healthy fertile women: the BONTURNO study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 22 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Skeletal characteristics such as height (Ht), bone mineral density (BMD) or bone turnover markers are strongly inherited. Common variants in the genes encoding for estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) are proposed as candidates for influencing bone phenotypes at the population level. Methods: We studied 641 healthy premenopausal women aged 20-50 years (yrs) participating into the BONTURNO study. Exclusion criteria were irregular cyclic menses, low trauma fracture, metabolic bone or chronic diseases. Serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin (OC), and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) were measured in all enrolled subjects, who underwent to lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) BMD evaluation by DXA. Five hundred seven...

Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 in the ventral and lateral hypothalamic area of female rats: morphological characterization and functional implications

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 22 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Altogether, these results suggest the possibility that NTPDases, among them NTPDase3, may play an estrogen-dependent modulatory role in the regulation of intracellular availability of ATP needed for excitatory neuronal functions including neurotransmission. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)