MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Rivista di Biologia' source. Sat, 31 Oct 2009 15:43:10 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752324&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 19718621 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752324 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 15:56:03 +0100 2752324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752323&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Losa GA The extension of the concepts of Fractal Geometry (Mandelbrot [1983]) toward the life sciences has led to significant progress in understanding complex functional properties and architectural / morphological / structural features characterising cells and tissues during ontogenesis and both normal and pathological development processes. It has even been argued that fractal geometry could provide a coherent description of the design principles underlying living organisms (Weibel [1991]). Fractals fulfil a certain number of theoretical and methodological criteria including a high level of organization, shape irregularity, functional and morphological self-similarity, scale invariance, iterative pathways and a peculiar non-integer fractal dimension [FD]. Whereas mathematic... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752323 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2752323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752322&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fietta P, Delsante G T lymphocytes play crucial role in immune responses. Effector T helper (Th) cells derive from progenitor naïve CD4+ T cells, after maturational process induced by antigenic stimulation. Their commitment depends on complex interactions with antigen-presenting cells in a permissive milieu, including antigenic type and load, costimulatory molecules and cytokine signaling. Committed CD4+ T cells may differentiate into Th1, Th2, TH17 phenotypes (the effector Th cell triade), with distinct cytokine products and biological functions, or evolve into the inducible regulatory T (Treg) lineage, with immunomodulatory functions. Th1 subset, primarily addressed to face intracellular pathogens, produces interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752322 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2752322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752321&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hai-Xia L, Wen-Bo X, Jun S Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a fundamental and challenging problem in the analysis of biologic sequence. The MSA problem is hard to be solved directly, for it always results in exponential complexity with the scale of the problem. In this paper, we propose mutation-based binary particle swarm optimization (M-BPSO) for MSA solving. In the proposed M-BPSO algorithm, BPSO algorithm is conducted to provide alignments. Thereafter, mutation operator is performed to move out of local optima and speed up convergence. From simulation results of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences, it is shown that the proposed M-BPSO algorithm has superior performance when compared to other existing algorithms. Furthermore, this algorithm can be used quickly and eff... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752321 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2752321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752320&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S In the long essay here examined, the Soviet biochemist A. Oparin elaborated and proposed in a coherent and exhaustive way the three main historical phases characterising the origin of life on Earth from an entirely inorganic environment: i) formation of simple organic molecules; ii) appearance of macromolecules interacting with an aqueous substrate so as to form primitively organised microstructures; iii) constitution of metabolically active protocells working as thermodynamically open system. On the whole, Oparin described a biochemical adventure marked by chemico-physics and natural selection, this latter working on microstructure. Oparin worked according to the canons of dialectic materialism applied to Nature by Friedrich Engels and did not give anything to divi... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752320 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2752320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2752319&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19718626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dev SB The advances in biological sciences have been phenomenal since the structure of DNA was decoded, especially if one considers the input from physical sciences, not only in terms of analytical tools, but also understanding and solving some of the key problems in biology. In this article, I trace briefly the history of this transition, from physical sciences to biology, and argue that progress in modern biology can be accelerated if there is far more meaningful crosstalk between the biologists and the physical scientists, simply because biology has become far more complex and interdisciplinary, and the need for such crosstalk cannot be overemphasized. Without a concerted effort in this area progress will be hindered, and the two camps will continue to work on their own, us... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2752319 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2752319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2010663&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19048469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Traverso S PMID: 19048469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2010663 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 15:05:56 +0100 2010663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1581733&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18600629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 18600629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1581733 Sun, 06 Jul 2008 07:46:21 +0100 1581733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1581732&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18600630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buiatti M, Buiatti M The concepts of order and randomness are crucial to understand 'living systems' structural and dynamical rules. In the history of biology, they lay behind the everlasting debate on the relative roles of chance and determinism in evolution. Jacques Monod [1970] built a theory where chance (randomness) and determinism (order) were considered as two complementary aspects of life. In the present paper, we will give an up to date version of the problem going beyond the dichotomy between chance and determinism. To this end, we will first see how the view on living systems has evolved from the mechanistic one of the 19th century to the one stemming from the most recent literature, where they emerge as complex systems continuously evolving through multiple interac... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1581732 Sun, 06 Jul 2008 07:46:21 +0100 1581732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1581731&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18600631%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this article is to obtain a more detailed insight into poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) metabolism through network-based metabolic pathway analysis. We employ extreme pathways to perform this study, because calculating and interpreting extreme pathways is a promising way for pathway analysis and metabolic engineering. After giving an in silico model of butanoate metabolism of Bacillus thuringiensis 97-27 (btk), extreme pathways were calculated and classified. Furthermore, the type I and II extreme pathways were further classified and analyzed in detail based on their structure and functional capabilities. Besides "historical" biochemical pathways, the results also suggest that there are some novel pathways. PMID: 18600631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Riv... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1581731 Sun, 06 Jul 2008 07:46:21 +0100 1581731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1581730&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18600632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang S There exists a remarkable correlation between genetic distance as measured by protein or DNA dissimilarity and time of species divergence as inferred from fossil records. This observation has provoked the molecular clock hypothesis. However, data inconsistent with the hypothesis have steadily accumulated in recent years from studies of extant organisms. Here the published DNA and protein sequences from ancient fossil specimens were examined to see if they would support the molecular clock hypothesis. The hypothesis predicts that ancient specimens cannot be genetically more distant to an outgroup than extant sister species are. Also, two distinct ancient specimens cannot be genetically more distant than their extant sister species are. The findings here do not conform t... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1581730 Sun, 06 Jul 2008 07:46:21 +0100 1581730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1581729&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18600633%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vesteg M, Krajcovic J The origin of eukaryote-specific cytoskeletal proteins is an issue which is closely related to the origin of the domain Eukarya. As nearly all of these proteins are not found in prokaryotes, the prokaryotic origin of eukaryotic cytoskeletal network suggested by most models is questionable. Eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins might descend from subpopulations of pre-cells co-existing with Bacteria and Archaea prior to the origin of eukaryotes. The pre-karyote (the host for a-proteobacterial ancestors of mitochondria) might have already possessed eukaryotic-like cytoskeleton. A possible role for viruses in the origin of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins is discussed. Viruses parasitizing on pre-cells and/or on the pre-karyote might have themselves used several ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1581729 Sun, 06 Jul 2008 07:46:21 +0100 1581729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1581728&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18600634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giuditta A After a brief outline of the available hypotheses on the mechanism of biological evolution, attention is called on the global nature of the variations leading to the generation of new species. Integrated changes may hardly be attributed to beneficial random mutations of single traits even if assisted by a phylogenetic elimination of poorly adapted individuals. Rather, integrated variations are likely to reflect the outcome of cybernetic algorithms (natural computing) operating on organism's resources and impending environmental changes. As all organisms are endowed with computing capacities that modulate and integrate ontogenetic development and maintenance of biological functions, structures, and behaviors, these capacities are assumed to have moulded the evolution... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1581728 Sun, 06 Jul 2008 07:46:21 +0100 1581728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1014632&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17987557%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 17987557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1014632 Fri, 09 Nov 2007 01:18:13 +0100 1014632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699064&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Traverso S PMID: 17592816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699064 Wed, 27 Jun 2007 16:12:14 +0100 699064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699063&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Azam-Ali S Two of the greatest challenges currently facing humanity are the potential consequences of climate change and the actual consequences of reduced agricultural diversity. This paper considers the consequences of both climate change and reduced agricultural diversity on global food security and nutrition. The inextricable link between climate change and crop diversity is examined, particularly in the context of crop production in Africa where most agricultural diversity exists and where climate change will have most impact. The Green Revolution, often seen as a model for increasing global agricultural productivity, is reconsidered in terms of its failure to make a significant impact in hostile tropical environments such as those of much of Africa. An alternative or, at... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699063 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699062&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592818%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, in this review we describe the role of flavonoids and vitamins in cancer. PMID: 17592818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699062 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699061&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bennici A The origin of land plants or embryophytes from the Charophyceae is generally accepted today by the botanists. In fact, numerous morphological, cytological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular characters are shared in these organisms. A fundamental problem is still constituted by the evolution of the sporophyte, i.e. the appearance of two different phase cycles (gametophyte/sporophyte alternance), although two theories ("antithetic" and "homologous") try to explain this evolutionary event.However, another phylogenetic dilemma is represented, in my opinion, either by the formation of bryophytes or by the transition from these first land plants to the pteridophytes, considering them at whole organism level.The bryophyte gametophyte is the most elaborate of the la... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699061 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699060&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frías L D The concept of heredity arose when the ancient philosophers and scientists felt the need to explain the variation and organic evolution phenomena. The ideas about inheritance developed before Mendel were significant in the construction of the Mendelian concept of gene. From Mendelian hereditary principles to molecular genetics there have been many different concepts and also many definitions of gene. In the first corpuscular concept of gene, mutation was quite crucial to explain the different alternative genotype and phenotype expression in the progeny. From the rediscovery of Mendelian Principles to 1961, Morgan's idea that a gene is not divisible by recombination prevailed. Nevertheless it was later demonstrated that there are different units of recombination and ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699060 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699059&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hollenberg D Large numbers of interacting non-genic molecules regulate metabolism and embryonic morphogenesis through often unspecific mechanisms. This lack of specificity suggests that the prevailing viewpoint, that such ordered processes result from the direct control of genes and their products irrespective of local molecular dynamics, is incomplete. Proposed here is a hypothetical type of control dynamics, called indirect, that is exhibited in natural biological networks of interacting and adapting elements. Evidence in the literature suggests that ordinary interactions among such elements - including organisms, cells and molecules - produce six network phenomena that can be attributed to indirect-control dynamics. Although these hypotheses can be disproved, including by s... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699059 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699058&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S Genetics has a tradition that dates back to the Ancient Greeks. It developed, between insight and contradiction, from the post-Renaissance to the mid-1800s, when Mendel and Darwin gave it the first experimental and conceptual bases. From 1910, genetics became a true experimental discipline of Biology thanks to the work of Morgan's group. On the contrary, virology is a relatively young discipline which had origin only after the success of the "germ theory" of Pasteur and Koch, by the hypothesis of the contagium vivum fluidum of Beijerinck, in 1898. In spite of their historical difference, the modern development of the two disciplines had a close connection. In 1922, the geneticist Muller first compared the bacteriophage to the gene and, in 1923, the (phyto)physiologi... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699058 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=699057&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17592823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vesteg M, Krajcovic J The pre-karyote (the host for alpha-proteobacteria) is not assumed to have had a fusion prohibiting cell surface, and thus unlike prokaryotes could have practiced sex. A single DNA damage checkpoint control might have been the only checkpoint pathway regulating the ancient pre-karyotic cell cycle from which the modern eukaryotic cell cycle evolved. This single checkpoint would allow the cell division only when all the pre-karyote genome was completely replicated without mistakes. If the restart of DNA replication was impossible after DNA damage, the last chance to survive for this in S-phase blocked pre-karyote would be the fusion with the partner. After the fusion, recombination, and subsequent completing the replication of both haploid sets, the single ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=699057 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 699057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=332429&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lieber MM PMID: 17183765 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=332429 Mon, 25 Dec 2006 05:01:02 +0100 332429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=330998&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biondi E Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in western societies affecting up to 15 million individuals worldwide.It leads to death after a progressive memory deficit and cognitive impairment accompanied by the appearance of two pathological hallmarks in specific brain areas: neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Cholesterol homeostasis may play a key role in AD pathogenesis and this is supported by the demonstration that cholesterol-rich membrane domain, so-called Rafts,are disorganized in affected brains. Retrospective clinical studies indicate that individuals chronically treated with cholesterol synthesis inhibitors,statins, are at lower risk of developing AD but current literature is conflicting with regard to the neuroprotective... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=330998 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 10:21:02 +0100 330998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287551&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Traverso S PMID: 17115366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287551 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287550&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Passantino A, De Vico G PMID: 17115367 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287550 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287549&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y PMID: 17115368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287549 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287548&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biondi E PMID: 17115369 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287548 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287547&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shanmugham LN, Castellani ML, Salini V, Falasca K, Vecchiet J, Conti P, Petrarca C Protein-carbohydrate interactions are used for intercellular communication. Mammalian cells are known to bear a variety of glycoconjugates. Lectins, first discovered in plants, are proteins which can specifically bind carbohydrates. Given the high affinity of plant lectins for carbohydrates, they have always been important as molecular tools in the identification, purification and stimulation of specific glycoproteins on human cells. Lectins have provided important clues to the repertoire of carbohydrate structures in animal cells. The discovery of plant lectins gave a great impulse to modern glycobiology. They represent important biochemical reagents for numerous applications in the biomedical ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287547 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287546&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Rossum J In its essence, the explanatory potential of the theory of natural selection is based on the iterative process of random production and variation, and subsequent non-random, directive selection. It is shown that within this explanatory framework, there is no place for the explanation of sexual reproduction. Thus in Darwinistic literature, sexual reproduction - one of nature's most salient characteristics - is often either assumed or ignored, but not explained. This fundamental and challenging gap within a complete naturalistic understanding of living beings calls for the need of a cybernetic account for sexual reproduction, meaning an understanding of the dynamic and creative potential of living beings to continuously and autonomously produce new organisms with un... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287546 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287545&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115372%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a theoretical framework for biological evolution with the intention of giving precise mathematical definitions of some concepts in evolutionary biology such as fitness, evolutionary pressure, specialization and natural selection. In this framework, such concepts are identified with well-known mathematical terms within the theory of dynamical systems. We also discuss some more general implications in evolution; for instance, the fact that our model naturally exhibits a frequency spectrum of the type 1/f for low frequencies of evolutionary events. PMID: 17115372 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287545 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287544&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bergman G The History of Hesperopithecus: The Human-Ape Link that Turned Out to Be a PigAbstract. Nebraska Man was a fossil discovery that was regarded by several leading experts as important in understanding evolutionary history. The only evidence for this anthropod was a single tooth (which turned out to be a pigs' tooth). The discovery and controversy surrounding the Nebraska Man (Hesperopithecus haroldcookii hominoidea) fossil find and its importance in history are reviewed. Its supporters' writings reveal the critical role that preconceptions played in interpreting the limited evidence. Nebraska Man provides a valuable lesson on the importance of presumptions in interpreting evidence in the field of human origins. It also stresses the need for careful evaluation of the em... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287544 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287543&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bocci C, Freguglia P In this paper we present a geometric model for a proposal of axiomatization of Evolution Theory. For this aim, we use suitable tools of Geometry and Topology. In particular, we define the concept of fertility factor as a main instrument for the studying of speciation. This concept, in our opinion, has an important biological meaning. PMID: 17115374 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287543 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=287542&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17115375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neuman Y Biological specificity is usually described in terms of the lock-and-key metaphor. However, this metaphor is to a certain extent misleading and does not grasp the complexity underlying biological specificity. The failure of the lock-and-key metaphor makes it difficult to understand immune recognition. This is the reason why immune specificity has been described as the "Specificity Enigma." In this article, I point at three important differences between biological specificity and mechanical specificity, and suggest an alternative lens through which immune specificity can be considered. PMID: 17115375 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=287542 Fri, 24 Nov 2006 16:12:02 +0100 287542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453507&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ebach MC, Morrone JJ PMID: 17299694 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453507 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453506&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salvi S PMID: 17299695 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453506 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453505&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Francescon S The first of the Millennium Development Goals - halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015 - is essential for eradicating poverty, as most of the poor live in rural areas.The role of agriculture is, therefore, key to the fight against poverty.Nevertheless, over the last years rich countries diminished their official development assistance for agricultural development and some of them proposed and pushed for a new model of agriculture based on biotechnology. Such a new model of agriculture is presented by its supporters as a means to contribute to the elimination of poverty, as it intends to maximise the crop production.However, it does not take into consideration that policies fighting hunger: need a more comprehensive approach; must take into c... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453505 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453504&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santangelo G, Bramanti L This brief review is an attempt to condense the major events in the history of Ecology into short 10 sections. In little more than two generations, a new science has emerged and developed into a fundamental part of our lives, spurred on by increasing interest in "natural systems" and concerns over the environmental changes we are witnessing. Ecology, rather neglected until the early decades of last century, flourished and established itself as mature science during the mid-1900s, producing many theories, models, hypothesis and trends of thought. Ecology deals with interacting natural systems and eclectically applies tools drawn from several different sciences (Biology, Mathematics, Statistics, Chemistry, Geology, Physics and so on). The beauty of the s... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453504 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453503&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bergman G Evolution is based on natural selection of existing biological phenotypic traits. Natural selection can only eliminate traits. It cannot create new ones, requiring a theory to explain the origin of new genetic information. The theory of pangenesis was a major attempt to explain the source of new genetic information required to produce phenotypic variety. This theory, advocated by Darwin as the main source of genetic variety, has now been empirically disproved. It is currently a theory mainly of interest to science historians. PMID: 17299698 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453503 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453502&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299699%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bocci C In this expository work we describe the main aspects of the so-called Phylogenetic Algebraic Geometry which concerns with the study of algebraic varieties representing statistical models of evolution. In particular, we mainly describe how this field of research can be used to infer phylogenies. PMID: 17299699 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453502 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453501&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: A Lesne A This paper presents a brief and pedagogical account of the relevance of chaos theory in biology. A few caveats to avoid misleading interpretations are underlined, for instance the required determinism and stationarity of the experimental time series. The selective advantage offered by a properly controlled chaotic dynamics is discussed on the examples of cardiac rhythm and brain dynamics. PMID: 17299700 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453501 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453500&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamad M, Elkarmi A In an attempt to understand why different organisms defend against potential antigens differently, the influence of possible interactions between host-related factors and respective antigen repertoires on the complexity of host defense mechanisms was investigated. A compartmental model coupling these two variables was developed and tested. Data analysis suggests that the more complex the organism, the larger the size of its antigen repertoire. The two variables seem to advance in a parallel fashion suggesting that they could reach a state of equilibrium. Therefore, host-related factors may play a role in determining the size of the antigen repertoire on the one hand; on the other hand, increased antigen repertoire size may dictate the evolution of more compl... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453500 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453499&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vesteg M, Krajcovic J, Ebringer L A novel hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes is presented. It is assumed that the universal ancestor was bounded by two membranes of heterochiral lipid composition. We propose that the pre-karyote (the hypothetical host entity for a-proteobacteria), though sharing a common ancestor with Archaea, was bounded by two membranes. The hypothesis suggests that an a-proteobacterial symbiont was enclosed in the pre-karyote intermembrane space. In this view, the eukaryotic nuclear membrane and endomembrane system arose from the pre-karyote inner membrane while the eukaryotic plasma membrane arose from the pre-karyote outer membrane. The outlined scenario agrees with the view that engulfment of an a-proteobacterial cell by a host entity and its transf... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453499 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 453499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184568&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Traverso S PMID: 16791786 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184568 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184567&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Strkalj G PMID: 16791787 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184567 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184566&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S PMID: 16791788 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184566 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184565&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Traverso S PMID: 16791789 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184565 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184564&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pietramellara G, Ceccherini MT, Ascher J, Nannipieri P The study of the fate of transgenic and not transgenic extracellular DNA in soil is of extreme relevance because the soil extracellular DNA pool represents a genetic reservoir that could be utilized as a source of food by any heterotrophic microorganism or genetic information by recipient eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Several data have clearly evidenced that extracellular DNA could persist in soil for long time maintaining a sufficient integrity of the molecule. Recent microcosm studies under laboratory conditions have evidenced that extracellular DNA molecule could be leached or raised up by capillarity. The persistence and movement of extracellular DNA molecule in soil suggest that the genetic information of extracel... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184564 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184563&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791791%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fietta P In multicellular organisms, cells may undergo passive, pathological death in response to various environmental injuries, or actively decide to self-destroy in order to ensure proper physiological morphogenesis, preserve tissue homeostasis and eliminate abnormal cells. While the passive cell demise occurs in an accidental, violent and chaotic way, corresponding to "necrosis", the active auto-elimination, defined "programmed cell death" (PCD), is executed in planned modalities. Different PCD pathways have been described, such as apoptosis, autophagic death, para-apoptosis and programmed necrosis. However, death patterns may overlap or integrate, providing a variety of cellular responses to various circumstances or stimuli. The consequences for the whole organism of necr... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184563 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184562&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barabé D, Jeune B In biology, the theory of information has been used to study the degree of order of many living systems. Different concepts of entropy have been applied to the analysis of phyllotaxis. In the present paper we will determine the degree of order of disorganized patterns by using informational entropy concepts deduced from the work of Brillouin, Shannon, and Yagil. As case studies, we will apply these concepts of entropy to the disorganized patterns found in mutants of Arabidopsis. The calculation of entropy gives a precise idea of the degree of order of a phyllotactic system. PMID: 16791792 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184562 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184561&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791793%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S The history of bacteriophage (phage) had its start in 1915, when Twort isolated an unusual filterable and infectious agent from excrete of patients struck by diarrhoea; this discovery was followed by an analogous, and probably independent, finding of d'Hérelle in 1917. For several years phage research made scant progress but great attention was paid to the question of phage nature, which saw the contrast between d'Hérelle and Bordet's views (living against chemical nature, respectively). This situation changed with the independent discovery of lysogeny, in 1925, thanks to Bordet and Bail: this phenomenon was considered of genetical origin, a view that Wollman interpreted by assimilating the properties of phage to those of gene (according to a previous idea of Mull... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184561 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184560&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lieber MM Carcinogenesis may aberrantly have as its source an underlying dynamic which likely operates in accord with or is expressive of a universal principle of force. This drive can be seen as a type of necessary completion of force configurations giving forth a force-based, completing guidance or dyneotaxis. This completing guidance is a completing communication. Aberrations of this drive can manifest as incomplete communication arising from incomplete or non-uniform force-configurations throughout different levels of organization within the organism. Such non-uniformities of force-configuration manifest themselves through intra- and intercellular distortion. This is represented by changes or distortions within cellular and tissue architecture, or shape, occurring through ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184560 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184559&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16791795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Malkov SV, Markelov VV, Barabanschikov BI, Potemkina AM, Polozov GY, Kozhevnikov AY, Trushin MV PMID: 16791795 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184559 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184558&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16827212%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davison JA PMID: 16827212 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184558 Sat, 14 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 184558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=453508&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17299693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 17299693 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=453508 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 453508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184579&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scannerini S PMID: 16440275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184579 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184578&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ebach MC, Williams DM PMID: 16440276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184578 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184577&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440277%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamad M PMID: 16440277 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184577 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184576&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440278%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giovannetti M, Sbrana C, Turrini A Genetically modified (GM) plants represent a potential benefit for environmentally friendly agriculture and human health. Though, poor knowledge is available on potential hazards posed by unintended modifications occurring during genetic manipulation. The increasing amount of reports on ecological risks and benefits of GM plants stresses the need for experimental works aimed at evaluating the impact of GM crops on natural and agro-ecosystems. Major environmental risks associated with GM crops include their potential impact on non-target soil microorganisms playing a fundamental role in crop residues degradation and in biogeochemical cycles. Recent works assessed the effects of GM crops on soil microbial communities on the basis of case-by-cas... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184576 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184575&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440279%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mildenberger F The biologist Jakob v. Uexküll is often seen as the preceptor of modern behavioral theory, who lastingly influenced Konrad Lorenz in particular. Nevertheless, Uexküll has been highly inadequately received by the school Lorenz founded. This neglect of Uexküll's works resulted because Lorenz and Uexküll came into contact at a time when the biological sciences were sundered by a deep ideological division. On the one side stood the Darwin-rejecting Neo-Vitalists (for example Uexküll), on the other side were the Neo-Darwinists (for example Lorenz). After Vitalism was overcome as a consequence of the Evolutionary Synthesis, Darwinists who had taken an intermittent interest in Vitalists and their theories could now only distance themselves completely from earlier ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184575 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184574&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440280%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bergman G The Ancon breed of sheep provided, for decades, a critical support for the existence of major evolutionary changes or jumps called "sports." Putative examples of sports have been used as evidence of rapid macroevolution since Darwin first discussed the Ancon sheep mutation in 1859. Ancon sheep had very short legs that were considered an advantage for shepherds because the sheep were less likely to escape over fences. Many textbooks and articles implied that the breed was an example of how a major new trait could evolve in a single generation. The Ancon sheep example has been used both to prove gradual Darwinism and also to argue for rapid evolution as opposed to gradualism. It now is recognized that Ancon sheep resulted from genetic diseases, and that they usually su... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184574 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184573&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440281%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Nicola R, Corte L, Lattanzi M, Martini A, Fatichenti F, Cardinali G Different phenotypical or molecular techniques can be used to describe and classify microorganisms for taxonomic, phylogenetic or genetic purposes. In yeast taxonomy the official hierarchic classification, based on morphological and physiological characters, is used together with more convenient molecular techniques such as the DNA sequencing. The question on whether these procedures produce coherent classifications is critical both to interpret taxonomic data consistently and to outline species correctly. In this paper, a set of type strains from the major genera of the budding hemiascomycetes yeast is examined with a series of physiological and molecular techniques, widely employed in taxonomy, in order t... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184573 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184572&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440282%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bennici A The origin of the sporophyte in land plants represents a fundamental phase in the plant evolution. Today this subject is controversial and, in my opinion, scarcely considered in our textbooks and journals of botany, in spite of its importance. There are two conflicting theories concerning the origin of the alternating generations in land plants: the "antithetic" and the "homologous" theory. These have never been fully resolved. The antithetic theory maintains that the sporophyte and gametophyte generations are fundamentally dissimilar and that the sporophyte originated in an ancestor organism with haplontic cycle by the zygote dividing mitotically rather than meiotically, and with a developmental pattern not copying the developmental events of the gametophyte. The sp... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184572 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184571&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S It is well known that oxygen and carbon dioxide are two chemicals which enter the plant metabolism as nutrients. The bases of this nowadays obvious statement were placed in the 18th century by means of the works of ingenious naturalists such as Robert Boyle, Stephen Hales, Joseph Priestley, Jam Ingenhousz, Lazzaro Spallanzani and Theodore De Saussure. Till the end of the 17th century, the atmospheric air was considered as an ineffable spirit, the function of which was of physical nature. Boyle was the first naturalist to admit the possibility that respiration were an exchange of vapours occurring in the blood. Stephen Hales realised that air could be fixed by plants under the influence of solar light. Priestley showed that plants could regenerate the bad air making ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184571 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184570&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neuman Y This paper addresses a fundamental question: Why are there sign-mediated interactions in biology? According to Polanyi, biological hierarchies are constituted through boundary conditions. I argue that signs, or more accurately the processes of signification, function as these boundary conditions. Moreover, based on general insights from the physics of computation, I argue that the organism cannot be computed directly from the DNA without the loss of critical information. In this context, signs as boundary conditions mediate the biological construction in a way that prevents the loss of information and destabilization of the DNA. PMID: 16440284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184570 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184569&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16440285%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stanić S, Pavković-Lucic S Mating behaviour of red-eyed (wt) and brown-eyed (sepia) Drosophila melanogaster was studied under light conditions. Mating success was directly observed in mating vials and techniques usually applied in the studies of sexual selection ("female choice" and "multiple choice"). The comparison of sexual activity of mutant and wild types clearly indicates that they are not equally successful in matings. Sepia eye colour mutation decreases sexual activity of Drosophila melanogaster males, influences the preference ability of females and decreases the number of progeny from homogamic mating of the se x se type, as well as from heterogamic copulations in which sepia females take part. Non-random mating of wild type males and sepia females (in "multiple-ch... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184569 Wed, 14 Sep 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184591&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180193%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 16180193 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184591 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184590&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180194%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S The development of the knowledge on the mineral nutrition of plants begins between the 17th and 18th centuries when some European naturalists gave the first experimental evidences of what had been empirically known for about two millennia. The works of Hales and Ingenhousz were of absolute importance in relation to the transport of water and solutes, and assimilation of "fixed air" (carbon dioxide), respectively. The early chemistry introduced by Lavoisier benefited the first physiologists Senebier and De Saussure to reject the "theory of humus", which imposed the soil as the unique source of carbon. During the first half of the 19th century, Sprengel and Liebig investigated on the problems related to some indispensable mineral salts, while Boussingault and Ville at... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184590 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184589&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Volodyaev I The work is devoted to the historical development of physics and biology. Various aspects of their interactions are shown: antagonism, mutual penetration and a lot of bridges, built or being built between them. The gradual "evolution of the world picture" from going away of the "pre-scientific" animated Universe and the appearance of mechanicism and vitalism to the development of systems and field approaches is traced. The last part of the paper is concerned with some present-day works at the joint between physics and biology. PMID: 16180195 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184589 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184588&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180196%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dressino V Adaptation is a fundamental concept in biology. The use of this notion in physiology presents a special problem, on the one hand, due to its widespread application to practically all physiologic phenomena of organic economy, on the other hand, because there is no formal definition providing a demarcation between adaptive processes and secondary processes without relating them with adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this work is to formalize a modular definition of adaptation that allows a differentiation between adaptive processes and non adaptive ones. I conclude that the use of the concept of 'module' in the definition of adaptation makes it possible to demarcate adaptive processes. Furthermore, the proposed definition lets us eliminate the use of notions suc... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184588 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184587&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180197%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Vico G, Maiolino P, Restucci B, Passantino A Despite the ongoing search for "replacement" alternatives, animal models continue to play a crucial role in bio-medical research. However, both in vivo and in vitro models usually employed, such as rodents and/or cell lines, display intrinsic limits related to the specific characteristics of the biological systems used, whose management is very complex, and whose pathology, usually induced under artificial laboratory conditions, is frequently dissimilar to the studied human spontaneous disease. It has been suggested that carrying out clinical trials based on pre-clinical data obtained after a screening on animal models developing the neoplastic disease in a more similar way to human beings, as represented by spontaneous canine tu... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184587 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184586&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180198%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith P Tumours are comprised of populations of mutant cells that are undergoing rapid cell division. The high mutation rate and rapid cell growth results in rapid evolution of the phenotypes required for tumour growth. Short cell cycles, angiogenesis, chemotherapy resistance and metastasis quickly evolve. Here I suggest that the genetic system of cancer cells may be exploited as a potential cancer treatment. If a cancer cell population is supplemented with agents that render some of the genes conditionally neutral, then eventually, through the process of neutral or near neutral evolution and genetic drift, all the cells in the tumour may become dependent on supplementation and the tumour may consequently be controllable through removal of the supplement. I suggest possible me... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184586 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184585&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180199%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y Although Mendel is now widely recognized as the founder of genetics, historical studies have shown that he did not in fact propose the modern concept of paired characters linked to genes, nor did he formulate the two "Mendelian laws" in the form now given. Furthermore, Mendel was accused of falsifying his data, and Mendelism has been met with scepticism because of its failure to provide scientific explanation for evolution, to furnish a basis for the process of genetic assimilation and to explain the inheritance of acquired characters, graft hybridization and many other facts. Darwin was the first to clearly describe almost all genetical phenomena of fundamental importance, and was the first to present a developmental theory of heredity--Pangenesis, which not only greatl... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184585 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184584&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180200%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pane L, Boccardo S, Mariottini GL Harbours are characterized by high pollutant charge and by the occurrence of well adapted and resistant species. This paper reports the results of an annual plankton survey (May 1997-June 1998) carried out in the western harbour of Genova (Ligurian Sea) and in its mouth. Plankton samples were collected by horizontal trawls using a WP2 net. Copepods were the bulk of plankton in almost all samples. Eight copepod species were recognized: Paracalanus parvus and Acartia clausi were the most abundant. The first record of Paracartia grani in the harbour of Genova is here reported; this species, which is known to occur in polluted harbour waters of the Mediterranean Sea and was found in semi-confined Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas, was domin... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184584 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184583&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16180201%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ratushnyak A, Andreeva MG, Trushin MV Environmental contamination with various insecticides remains an actual problem. In this connection, investigation of toxicologic hazard of insecticides is essential. In this work, effects of the type II pyrethroids (fenvalerate, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) on Daphnia magna were determined. It was found for the first time that not only low doses (up to 10(-12) M) of the above-mentioned chemicals but also extremely low doses (up to 10(-29) M) showed toxicological action on the invertebrates both at optimal (23 +/- 0.5 degrees C) and increased (28 +/- 0.5 degrees C) temperature. At higher temperature, toxic effects were more pronounced. PMID: 16180201 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184583 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184582&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16187252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bhutta WM, Ibrahim M, Tahira The association among yield components and their direct and indirect influence on the grain yield of wheat were investigated. 24 breeding lines were tested in a randomized complete block experiment design with three replications. According to the results the phenotypic correlation among the traits and their path coefficient were estimated. Positive significant correlation coefficients were obtained for association between survival rate treatment I, III, leaf venation, stomatal frequency, osmotic pressure, flag leaf area and number of tillers per plant with grain yield per plant at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Negatively significant correlation between hygrophilic colloids and epidermal cell size with grain yield per plant was obtained at ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184582 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184581&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16235414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 16235414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184581 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184580&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16235415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Desfayes M PMID: 16235415 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184580 Sat, 14 May 2005 06:00:00 +0100 184580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184603&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15889336 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184603 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184602&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morchio R, Traverso S It is well-known that in water phosphate readily reacts with calcium, precipitating as insoluble apatite. How phosphorus could have been available for prebiotic reactions is still an open problem. We suggest that phosphorus-containing compounds might have accumulated in a hydrophobic medium, since the absence of calcium ions would have prevented them from precipitating as apatite. Hydrophobic compounds may have been synthesized on the early Earth through the polymerization of methane or through Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions. Moreover, hydrophobic compounds would have been delivered to the early Earth by extraterrestrial infall. In previous articles (Morchio and Traverso [1999], Morchio et al. [2001]) we suggested that such hydrophobic material would have... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184602 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184601&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trevors JT PMID: 15889338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184601 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184600&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bennici A After evidencing the great importance of plants for animals and humans in consequence of the photosynthesis, several considerations on plant evolution are made. One of the peculiar characteristics of the plant is the sessile property, due especially to the cell wall. This factor, principally, strengthened by the photosynthetic process, determined the particular developmental pattern of the plant, which is characterized by the continuous formation of new organs. The plant immobility, although negative for its survival, has been, in great part, overcome by the acquisition of the capacity of adaptation (plasticity) to the environmental stresses and changes, and the establishment of more adapted genotypes. This capacity to react to the external signals induced Trewavas t... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184600 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184599&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bergman G Darwinists once believed that individual human beings occasionally reverted, both physically and mentally, to a prehuman stage of evolutionary development. This person was called an atavistic criminal type. As a result of this belief, the focus in Darwinian criminology was on identifying the criminal type who should be imprisoned permanently to protect society, even if the particular offense committed was minor. Conversely, if a "non-criminal type" committed even a serious offense, it was an aberration, and therefore, they concluded, imprisonment would serve no purpose. Darwinian criminologists believed punishment must fit the criminal and not the crime. Criminologists widely adopted this theory to explain crime and, as a result, it influenced both public opinion and... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184599 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184598&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wells J A microtubule-dependent polar ejection force that pushes chromosomes away from spindle poles during prometaphase is observed in animal cells but not in the cells of higher plants. Elongating microtubules and kinesin-like motor molecules have been proposed as possible causes, but neither accounts for all the data. In the hypothesis proposed here a polar ejection force is generated by centrioles, which are found in animals but not in higher plants. Centrioles consist of nine microtubule triplets arranged like the blades of a tiny turbine. Instead of viewing centrioles through the spectacles of molecular reductionism and neo-Darwinism, this hypothesis assumes that they are holistically designed to be turbines. Orthogonally oriented centriolar turbines could generate oscil... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184598 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184597&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889342%26dopt%3DAbstract We present here some additional information on these codes. In particular, we study the growth function of the self-complementary circular codes and we prove that among them exactly 528 are maximal. PMID: 15889342 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184597 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184596&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Banchetti R A comparative reappraisal of the general problem of evolutionary trends and constraints of the locomotion phenomenon from prokaryotes to protozoa to metazoa was carried on. They elaborated different propulsive systems, different control systems of motion and different analysis systems of the stimuli. A general understanding of the locomotion phenomenon was reached and ciliate behaviour was positioned within the wider context of the evolution of biological displacement. PMID: 15889343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184596 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184595&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dilworth C An analysis is made of the kin-selection/group-selection debate on the issue of the biological basis of morals. The kin-selection view sees altruism, and morals in the case of humans, as resting solely on genetic factors; in fact, on this view, evolution itself is to take place only through genetic change -- a position which cannot be reconciled with our knowledge that species evolution involves karyotypic change. Morality is thought to stem from a particular gene which at one time was completely absent from the human population but which later entered and spread through it. On the generally accepted conception of kin selection, this 'altruistic' gene is to be responsible not only for apparently altruistic behaviour towards near relatives, but also for parental care... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184595 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184594&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davison JA I propose that phylogeny took place in a manner similar to that of ontogeny by the derepression of preformed genomic information which was expressed through release from latency (derepression) by the restructuring of existing chromosomal information (position effects). Both indirect and direct evidence is presented in support of the Prescribed Evolutionary Hypothesis. PMID: 15889345 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184594 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184593&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15889346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ranković B In the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision Deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the Kolubara River for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. Of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enteritidis, and Shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Of gram-positive bacteria, the most sensitive species was Staphylococcus aureus, while the most resistant was Enterococcus faecalis. Of the tested fungi, Penicillium canescens, P. simplicissimum, P. thomii, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. ochraceus, and Fusarium culmorum exerted inhibitory action on the greatest n... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184593 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184592&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15945156%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santangelo G PMID: 15945156 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184592 Fri, 14 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 184592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184612&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15754590 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184612 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184611&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Engle PL PMID: 15754591 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184611 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184610&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buiatti M The discussion on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO's) has been centred mainly on the nature and effects on economy, human health, environment, of the few transgenic plant lines present in the market in the last eight years. On the contrary, the present paper starts with a discussion of some of the relevant changes in our basic knowledge of the structure and dynamics of living systems in the last twenty years. Contemporary Biology is then compared with what may be called the "modern paradigm" of life sciences on which present day GMO's are conceptually based. Technical, environmental, social and economic problems deriving from the unexpected, persistent prevalence of the old fashioned modern vision of life in the "spirit of time" will be thoroughly discussed with a... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184610 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184609&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trushin MV Communication is a natural ability of all living systems. It is very likely that various types of communication were evolved during evolution. While the communication by means of chemicals, direct contact or via organs of sense is under intensive study for a long time, alternative ways of interaction are still considered debatable, This review covers the topic of physically mediated communication in various biological systems. PMID: 15754593 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184609 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184608&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754594%26dopt%3DAbstract This study will discuss some significant models of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Some preliminary considerations will then be made in order to develop a model that describes the propagation of Ca2+ waves in ascidian eggs. PMID: 15754594 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184608 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184607&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754595%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Banchetti R, Marsili D, Galleni L Biosphere, according to many authors, can be considered as a system characterised by control mechanisms, which allow the maintenance of its stability. If the Biosphere is a complex object, the coming out of the equilibrium will have as a result a rapid change which cannot be controlled and whose results cannot be foresighted. Modelling is, for this reason, desperately needed. A general mathematical modelling suggested that the Biosphere evolution be characterised by periods of stability and instability, which are related to the connections between its components. These components, both living and not living, are connected by feedback relationships maintaining stability. From this model a general ecosystem modelling was developed which was firs... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184607 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184606&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y Trofim Denisovich Lysenko's life and work have been much analyzed and discussed in the world's literature. It is well known that Lysenko is notorious and has been regarded as a charlatan. Less well known is that he once made greater contributions to Biology and has been misunderstood in some aspects. In this paper, Lysenko s contributions to plant physiology, genetics, agro-biology and evolutionary biology are briefly reviewed. His tragedies and mistakes, such as mixing science and politics, denying the existence of genes, failing to build up suitable scientific collectives for the metabolism-biochemical studies of heredity, as well as his theoretical one-sidedness, are also discussed, thus reconsidering the case of Lysenko from a comprehensive and objective viewpoint. ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184606 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184605&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oczeretko E, Kitlas A, Swiatecka J, Laudański T The fractal dimension D may be calculated in many ways, since its strict definition, the Hausdorff definition is too complicated for practical estimation. In this paper we perform a comparative study often methods of fractal analysis of time series. In Benoit, a commercial program for fractal analysis, five methods of computing fractal dimension of time series (rescaled range analysis, power spectral analysis, roughness-length, variogram methods and wavelet method) are available. We have implemented some other algorithms for calculating D: Higuchi's fractal dimension, relative dispersion analysis, running fractal dimension, method based on mathematical morphology and method based on intensity differences. For biomedical signals ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184605 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184604&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15754598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marchini B, De Nuccio L, Mazzei M, Mariottini GL Nematocyst isolation from surrounding tissue is an important step to characterize Cnidarian venom. Although several protocols have been used to extract venoms from cnidarian tissues, the complete isolation of nematocysts from tissue is still difficult. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different media, Percoll, Ficoll and Methylcellulose in isolating nematocysts from Pelagia noctiluca tentacles by centrifugation. The complete sedimentation of nematocysts and tissue fragments to the bottom of the test tubes was observed in Ficoll and Methylcellulose suspensions. The best result was obtained using a discontinuous density gradient of Percoll: three types of nematocysts were concentrated in thre... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184604 Sat, 14 Aug 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184634&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15612186 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184634 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184633&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612187%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giuditta A PMID: 15612187 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184633 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184632&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galleni L The thesis of this paper is that in front of the development of biotechnology and of the capacity of techniques of altering the living, there is still a very old philosophy of biology. A rapid historical view is given where the rise and diffusion of the reductionistic paradigm is presented and the connections between this paradigm and biotechnologies are traced. Curiously biotechnologies are still based on the philosophy of F. Bacon. Then the necessity of a new paradigm in biology based on the recent discoveries of complexity is underlined. It is reminded that the main discovery of science of the XX century is that we are living in a small planet of limited resources and frail equilibriums. This discovery asks for a different view of the scientific progress, more lin... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184632 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184631&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parisi V, De Fonzo V, Aluffi-Pentini F The classical view of genetics is based on the central dogma of molecular biology that assigns to DNA a fundamental but static role. According to the dogma, DNA can be duplicated only in identical copies (except for random errors), and no smart mechanism can alter the information content of DNA: in more detail, the direction of transfer of the genetic information is only from DNA through RNA to proteins and never backwards. However, starting from the so-called dynamic genome (McClintock's jumping genes), and the so-called dynamic mutations (such as the trinucleotide expansion or, more generally, the instability of the number of tandem repeats of longer sequences), there is now a growing body of important cases where it is known that the D... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184631 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184630&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612190%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benci V, Freguglia P Our aim is to present some ideas about the notion of scientific theory which includes the biological theories. We examine relationships among theories and examples of theoretical situations. In this context we propose definitions of emergent property and complexity. These definitions are exemplified by the development of some biological theories. PMID: 15612190 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184630 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184629&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612191%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balon EK In the last 25 years, criticism of most theories advanced by Darwin and the neo-Darwinians has increased considerably, and so did their defense. Darwinism has become an ideology, while the most significant theories of Darwin were proven unsupportable. The critics advanced other theories instead of 'natural selection' and the survival of the fittest'. 'Saltatory ontogeny' and 'epigenesis' are such new theories proposed to explain how variations in ontogeny and novelties in evolution are created. They are reviewed again in the present essay that also tries to explain how Darwinians, artificially kept dominant in academia and in granting agencies, are preventing their acceptance. Epigenesis, the mechanism of ontogenies, creates in every generation alternative variations ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184629 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184628&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612192%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mariottini GL, Montaldo PG, Copello F Cells lines from human neuroblastoma (NB) and T/lymphoma (T-L) were injected subcutaneously (sc) in female CD1 nu/nu athymic nude mice. Results obtained after the observation of tumour growth were statistically analyzed by SAS. The following four parameters were considered: 1) dose of injected cells, 2) type of injected tumour (NB or T-L), 3) age of mice after individuation of three groups of animals (group A, 4-9 weeks old, group B, 9-20 weeks old, group C, > 20 weeks old), 4) injected cell line within the same tumour type. Latency time (LT), corresponding to the interval between cell inoculum and the appearance of a 5 mm diameter subcutaneous mass, and survival time (ST), corresponding to the interval between cell inoculum and the app... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184628 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184627&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612193%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stojanović J, Grbavcić M, Cosović A, Stojanović M Detergent "Merix" (Merima-Krusevac) and its components, sodiumtripolyphosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in defined concentrations have influence on the enzymatic activity, bioproduction of amino acids and proteins and total biomass of species Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Detergent in concentration of 1% vol., in some cases, significantly stimulated production of the majority of amino acids. Detergent and its components (ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol and sodiumtripolyphosphate) in concentration of 1% vol. showed different influences on the production of proteins by the species of fungi A. niger and F. oxysporum. The enzymatic activity of fungi A. niger and F. oxysporum changed ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184627 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184626&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15612194%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stojanović J, Stojanović M, Iles D, Mijusković Z Detergent (Merix, "Merima " Krusevac) applied in concentration of 1% vol. showed specific influence on the bioproduction of some 15 different amino acids and on the enzyme activity of the species of fungi A. niger, A. alternata and T. roseum. Detergent has significantly stimulated the production of 15 analyzed amino acids of the fungi species A. niger. The same applied concentration of detergent has decreased or considerably decreased the production of some 14 of totally 15 analyzed amino acids of investigated fungi species A. alternata and T. roseum. The enzyme activity of the fungi A. niger was more intensive in relation to the species A. alternata and T. roseum during the experimental period or in some phases of the experi... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184626 Fri, 14 May 2004 06:00:00 +0100 184626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184625&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15648205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184625 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184624&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giuditta A PMID: 15648206 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184624 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184623&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morchio R Some time ago I proposed in an Editorial in this journal some considerations on the language of biology. I concluded that, to realize an autonomy of such a language (and therefore of biology), we have to develop a valid language for biology. In such a context, it seemed to me that the term "metaphors" referred to the concepts concerning the information carried by genetic code, was a reasonable one. However, Barbieri's article in this issue of Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum calls for a reply. Of course, we do not know very much in this field, even if we have some evidence that a sequence of bases on a DNA is not determined only by chance. In any case we can exclude that nature in this occasion has "invented" a code. Nature doesn't "invent" anything: it only follo... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184623 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184622&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 15648208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184622 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184621&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648209%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S "Florigen" is the name that Mikhail Chailakhyan coined in 1937 for the putative hormone regulating flowering. At this concept, plant physiologists arrived following early research concerning the effects of temperature and day length on the transition from vegetative to reproductive stages of plants. The existence of florigen was postulated on the experimental backgrounds involving i) the response of plants to inductive conditions; ii) transmission of a flowering stimulus by grafting; iii) extraction of this stimulus from induced plants. This experimental results showed the existence of florigen at least as concept because they always failed to offer the experimental evidence of its chemical existence. The myth of florigen persisted as long as the end of the Seventie... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184621 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184620&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y Darwin's pangenesis, a developmental theory of heredity, has been largely thought to be wrong for more than a century. In this paper, further evidence for the inheritance of acquired characters and graft hybridization is provided. A striking similarity between mRNA and Darwin's so-called gemmule has been found by comparing their nature and function. I propose that once the term gemmule has been replaced by mRNA, Darwin's pangenesis will revive, indicating an important step in biology. PMID: 15648210 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184620 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184619&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648211%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ostroumov SA A fundamental concept is proposed of aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor that carries out the function of water purification in natural water bodies and streams. The ecosystem as a bioreactor has the following characteristic attributes: (1) it is a large-scale (large-volume) bioreactor; (2) it is a diversified (in terms of the number of taxa and the scope of functional activities) bioreactor; (3) it possesses a broad range of biocatalytic (chemical-transforming and degrading) capabilities. New experimental data on xenobiotics-induced inhibition of the functioning of the molluscs Unio tu- midus, U. pictorum, M. galloprovincialis and Limnaea stagnalis emphasize the potential ecological hazard from sublethal concentrations of pollutants (including those exemplified by ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184619 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184618&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648212%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trevors JT Bacteria are the simplest living biosystems or organisms that exhibit all the characteristics of life. As such, they are excellent models to examine the cell as the basic unit of life and the cell theory which states that all organisms are composed of one or more similar cells. In this article I examine the hypothesis that the primordial soup so often referred to in science was possibly an oil/water interface and/or emulsion in the Earth's, warm, anaerobic subsurface. This warm subsurface location, protected from surface radiation, could have been a favourable location for the assembly of the first bacterial cells on the Earth capable of growth and controlled division or the first biosystem. PMID: 15648212 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biolo... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184618 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184617&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648213%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barbieri M The standard approach to the definition of the physical quantities has not produced satisfactory results with the concepts of information and meaning. In the case of information we have at least two unrelated definitions, while in the case of meaning we have no definition at all. Here it is shown that both information and meaning can be defined by operative procedures, but it is also pointed out that we need to recognize them as a new type of natural entities. They are not quantities (neither fundamental nor derived) because they cannot be measured, and they are not qualities because are not subjective features. Here it is proposed to call them nominable entities, i.e., entities which can be specified only by naming their components in their natural order. If the ge... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184617 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184616&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648214%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davison JA Since speciation seems to be no longer in progress, one is compelled to conclude that sexual reproduction is incompetent as a macroevolutionary device. I propose that the reason some might insist that evolution is still in progress stems primarily from the influence of two authorities, the geologist Charles Lyell, with his doctrine of uniformitarianism and Gregor Mendel, the discoverer of sexually mediated transmission genetics. William Bateson, the father of modern genetics, clearly foresaw the failure of Mendelism to explain macroevolutionary change, a perspective with which I am in full agreement. PMID: 15648214 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184616 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184615&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davolos D, Maclean N, Pietrangeli B In this paper we performed a molecular phylogenetic study of Orchestia cavimana, the sole talitrid amphipod inhabiting beaches of European freshwater lakes and rivers. For that purpose, we have PCR amplified and sequenced regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, basing our analysis on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences and considering also structural classes of the COI enzyme. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum-parsimony (MP) methods comparing homologous sequences of talitrids and other Crustacea. In both NJ and MP trees, O. cavimana shows a basal placement with respect to other talitrid amphipods. PMID: 15648215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184615 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184614&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benveniste J, Guillonnet D PMID: 15648216 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184614 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184613&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15648217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alzetta R PMID: 15648217 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184613 Wed, 14 Jan 2004 07:00:00 +0100 184613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184645&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15055876 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184645 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184644&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15055877 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184644 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184643&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055878%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present review is an analysis of this subject from a comprehensive point of view; in addition to that, the changes related to the nutritional content of transgenic foods will be treated. Despite the progress that has been made, the world food situation is still marked by mass hunger and chronic malnutrition. In particular micronutrient malnutrition, that means vitamin and mineral deficiencies, represents an important public health problem in several areas of the world. The "golden rice" bioengineered to contain beta-carotene, as a source of vitamin A is the most famous example of GM food used for reduction (or even to solve) of a public health problem. The expected results of this approach have presently not been achieved. Further studies are necessary to increase the ... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184643 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184642&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055879%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a biomechanical model of morphogenesis highlighting the extensive formative capacities of stressed networks with a very simple initial geometry. They consist of a restricted number of kinematically independent elements exerting a pressure to each other and increasing thus the local curvatures. The pressure is applied as a series of periodic impulses and is opposed by a constant quasi-elastic resistance force. Single elements can be also regarded as the half wave-lengths of the undulations determined by the mechanical properties of a given body. All of the model parameters are assumed to be evenly spread throughout a body (no prepatterns are implied). On the other hand, the model parameters can be associated with genetic factors. Thus, our model relates to as yet unsolved problem... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184642 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184641&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055880%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kawamiya N Imanishi's "mental" (cerebral) view of speciation is presented, in Mizuhata's revision. The key concept here is the "ethological partition" of the species. Members of each species=society (etho-species) share the same mental (brain) software, irrespective of their genetic structure. Cerebral animals perform active programmed selection, not to be confused with passive, non-programmed "natural selection" as in Neo-Darwinism. The program includes mating-choice of peculiar characters, distinct from the Neo-Darwinian sexual selection supposed due to the specific choosy genes. Speciation can occur, as a "partition of species=society", with bifurcation of mate-choosing program in the parent species. A main promoter for this bifurcation is species-specific "passion" for esp... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184641 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184640&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elder D, Harris RJ The hairpin ribozyme of plant virusoids and the Varkud ribozyme from a retroplasmid of fungal mitochondria show notable similarities in sequence and secondary structure. Some more distant inter-relationships appear to exist between this pair, the viroid/virusoid hammerhead and the hepatitis delta ribozyme. PMID: 15055881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184640 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184639&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055882%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Banchetti R, Erra F From the analysis of the behaviour it is evidenced that the biological peculiarities of the Hypotrichs depend on the close linking between the adaptive strategies they have found to environmental problems. The loss of the envelope surface of the other ciliates was followed, in the Ciliates evolution, by the acquisition of the "cirrus and membranelle" propulsive logic. Furthermore they acquire a strong-and-easy-to-release adhesion system to creep on the substrate. The eco-ethological approach showed that they are capable of adapting to an environment characterised by new dimensional scales, new micro-environments and also new stimuli. PMID: 15055882 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184639 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184638&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055883%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bergman G The history of the Piltdown hoax and its importance in convincing the world of Darwin's theory is reviewed. Compelling evidence existed from the beginning that the find was a hoax or, at the very least, was not evidence for human evolution. Yet for decades, Piltdown was touted by textbooks, articles, and major museums (including the American Museum of Natural History in New York) as major evidence of human evolution. The hoax is an excellent illustration of the difficulties in drawing conclusions about evolution from fossils. The hoax convinced many people of the validity of Darwinism, but its final, definitive exposure did little to alter the basic views of most Darwinists. PMID: 15055883 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184638 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184637&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bennici A Convergent evolution is a phenomenon present in many plant and animal groups unrelated from the taxonomic point of view. In some plants belonging to American cacti and African euphorbias, adapted to the same arid environments, it is particularly evident. In fact, some species of these groups have evolved the same anatomical and morphological characters except the flower. This evolutionary process is discussed on the basis of the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis. PMID: 15055884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184637 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184636&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055885%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the antimycobacterial effect of honey was evaluated in vitro. Standard Lowenstein-Jenson media and L-J media containing various concentrations of honey were prepared. Two bacilli from positive cultures and two from positive smears of the affected patients were inoculated on each of the prepared plates. It was demonstrated that the growth of mycobacteria was inhibited by adding 10% honey to the media. Mycobacteria did not grow in culture media containing 10% and 20% honey while it grew in culture media containing 5%, 2.5% and 1% honey. The good antimycobacterial effect, sterility, low cost, and easy availability of honey makes it an ideal antimycobacterial agent. PMID: 15055885 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184636 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184635&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15055886%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sermonti G PMID: 15055886 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184635 Sun, 14 Sep 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184656&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595896%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scannerini S PMID: 14595896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184656 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184655&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595897%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 14595897 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184655 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184654&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595898%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davison JA PMID: 14595898 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184654 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184653&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595899%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Giovannetti M Biotechnologies have been utilized "ante litteram" for thousands of years to produce food and drink and genetic engineering techniques have been widely applied to produce many compounds for human use, from insulin to other medicines. The debate on genetically modified (GM) organisms broke out all over the world only when GM crops were released into the field. Plant ecologists, microbiologists and population geneticists carried out experiments aimed at evaluating the environmental impact of GM crops. The most significant findings concern: the spread of transgenes through GM pollen diffusion and its environmental impact after hybridisation with closely related wild species or subspecies; horizontal gene transfer from transgenic plants to soil microbes; the impact o... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184653 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184652&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Remondini D, Bazzani A, Franceschi C, Bersani F, Verondini E, Castellani G In this paper we analyzed how connectivity (defined as number of connections between network elements) can affect the memory capacity of a network-based model of the Immune System (IS) and of a model of the Nervous System (NS) synaptic plasticity (BCM model). The key point is the concept of competition between the characteristic variables that represent the response of such systems to environmental stimuli: the clonal concentrations for the IS, and the neuron responses for the BCM model. The memory states of both systems are characterized by a high selectivity to specific input patterns, reflecting a similar behaviour of their development rules. This selectivity property of memory states can be controll... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184652 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184651&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pennazio S Between 1860 and 1880 the so-called "theory of the infective germ", which stated in final way that every infectious disease was produced by a living pathogen agent, achieved great consent. The criteria of determining the presence of infectious pathogens (fungi, bacteria, protozoa) were established by "Koch's postulate", a set of experimental procedures conceived for isolating and determining single pathogens. In the last quarter of the 19th century became however evident that the agents of severe infectious diseases could not be identified through the "postulates". These agents could not be seen in light microscopy nor cultured in vitro but could pass through the thin pores of filters which hold back cellular micro-organisms. This last characteristic became a select... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184651 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184650&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buzatu S Hodgkin-Huxley models have been the standard for describing ionic current kinetics. However, many single channel behaviors cannot be described using traditional Hodgkin-Huxley models; they can be described by expanding the Hodgkin-Huxley models to have multiple resting and inactivated states. The model, based on charge translocation between a finite number of discrete Markovian states, is a biophysical kinetic model, according to current generalizations of channel structure, capable of reproducing channel behavior. The elaboration of the model is based on the Markov process. This type of model assumes that each channel has a discrete number of states that are connected by a kinetic diagram that defines the allowable transitions between these states and the rates at wh... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184650 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184649&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cardinali G The concept of species currently in use in microbial taxonomy is based on sex because derives from that developed in zoology and botany. The absence of sex as the only system to reproduce does not allow to use the hybridization as the test to assess the conspecificity of microbial strains, forcing microbial taxonomists to use relative resemblance among strains as the only tool to define microbial species and to classify new microorganisms. Relative resemblance can be intuitively defined as the situation in which two strains of the same species must be more similar than each of them with a strain of any other species. Unfortunately, there are several algorithms to define the similarity between two strains, but none can be used to estimate the average distance betwee... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184649 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184648&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsikolia N The core idea of the gradient theory, a paradigm for developmental biology, is that biological morphogensis is based on a gradient-like distribution of a certain substance and its subsequent interpretation. This is an attempt at systematic criticism of this theory: I will argue that the experimental results do not support its core idea. Crucial in this context are the global reactions of an embryonic tissue upon chemical, genetic and mechanical manipulation and the possibility of regulation of the global and local events including redistribution of morphogens and de novo formation of the gene expression pattern. In addition to this, the possibility of other mechanisms should be explored. PMID: 14595904 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184648 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184647&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: England LS, Trevors JT Upon microbial cell death and lysis in soil, the free or naked DNA is exposed to the dynamic environment of the soil. The DNA can be enzymatically degraded by nucleases (DNases), bind to soil components, genetically transform competent bacterial cells and be a nutrient for other microorganisms. In this article we discuss the dual role of DNA as genetic material and as a nutrient source in the soil environment. PMID: 14595905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184647 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184646&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D14595906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ostroumov SA, Dodson SI, Hamilton D, Peterson SA, Wetzel RG Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding. PMID: 14595906 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Rivista di Biologia) Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184646 Wed, 14 May 2003 06:00:00 +0100 184646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=184657&cid=s_33484_62_f&fid=33484&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D12852181%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ostroumov SA The currently accepted system of criteria for evaluating environmental and ecological hazards of man-made chemicals (pollutants) is vulnerable to criticism. In this paper, a new concept of the system of approaches towards criteria for evaluating the ecological hazard from man-made impact is proposed. It is suggested to assess the man-made impacts (including effects of pollutants and xenobiotics) on the biota according to the following four levels of disturbance in biological and ecological systems: (1) the level of individual responses; (2) the level of aggregated responses of groups of organisms; (3) the level of stability and integrity of the ecosystem; (4) the level of contributions of the ecosystem to biospheric processes. On the basis of the author's experime... Rivista di Biologia journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=184657 Tue, 14 Jan 2003 07:00:00 +0100 184657