MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:42:20 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630938&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000992%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary chronic hemolytic anemia with numerous clinical consequences. Intravascular sickling of red blood cells leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of SCD has been well studied, there remains a lack of effective treatment. Refinements in overall care have improved quality of life; however, premature death is still not uncommon. SCD usually presents in childhood and is common in areas where malaria is (or was) common. The association with malaria is apparently of benefit to the individual because these individuals tend to contract a milder form of the disease. This review highlights the spectrum of pathology seen in people with SCD, with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of sudden death. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630938 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:41 +0100 5630938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630937&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000979%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article will review these issues, as well as common morphologic abnormalities found on blood films, and will discuss related clinical diagnoses that they represent. The final step of communicating the blood film findings in a clear and concise method to relay clinical suspicions to the end user will be discussed. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630937 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630936&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000876%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Mastocytosis represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an abnormal accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems. Mastocytosis is further divided into different subtypes according to the sites of involvement, laboratory findings, and degree of organ impairment. Cutaneous mastocytosis is diagnosed in the presence of skin involvement and absence of extracutaneous disease, and is most commonly seen in the pediatric population. Systemic mastocytosis, the disease form most commonly seen in adults, is characterized by the presence of multifocal, compact (dense) mast cell aggregates in the bone marrow or other extracutaneous organs. The mast cells may display atypical, often spindle-shape morphology and/or aberrant CD2 and/or CD25 expression. Elevation of serum tryp... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630936 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630935&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001031%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The 2008 edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues recognizes a special category called “leukemias of ambiguous lineage.” The vast majority of these rare leukemias are classified as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), although acute undifferentiated leukemias and natural killer lymphoblastic leukemias are also included. The major immunophenotypic markers used by the WHO 2008 to determine the lineage for these proliferations are myeloperoxidase, CD19, and cytoplasmic CD3. However, extensive immunophenotyping is necessary to confirm that the cells indeed belong to 2 different lineages or coexpress differentiation antigens of more than 1 lineage. Specific subsets of MPAL are defined by chromosomal anomalies such as the t(9;22) Philadelphia chrom... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630935 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630934&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000980%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is made by evaluating morphology and immunophenotype. However, appropriate risk stratification and decisions regarding the intensity of therapy are influenced by additional clinical and laboratory testing that reflect the biology of the disease. Recent years have seen tremendous progress in uncovering genetic lesions that influence the biology of ALL. In recognition of these advances, the 2008 WHO classification incorporated the category of B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with recurrent genetic abnormalities into the classification of precursor lymphoid neoplasms. Based on the knowledge available at the time, genetic lesions associated with distinct clinical features, immunophenotype, prognosis, or other unique biological characteristic... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630934 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630933&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001560%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This issue is the second part of the two issues on bone marrow disorders. As mentioned in the Introduction to Part I (Bone Marrow Disorders: Recent Advances, Part I), a lot of hard work and many hours of discussion have preceded the publication of the WHO series of classifications of human neoplasms. However, advances in our understanding of molecular events that are characteristic of, precede, or define a disease or disease group have nowhere else had such a profound impact on disease classification as in the WHO classification of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. In the case of the myeloid neoplasms, the classification has categorized some entities, e.g. acute myeloid leukemia, into different types based not only on their morphology, but also on molecular genetic and some... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630933 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630932&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001420%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630932 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630931&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630931 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630930&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001419%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630930 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630929&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001407%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630929 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5630928&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001390%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5630928 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:38:40 +0100 5630928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366981&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000037%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article constitutes a mini-review of the pathology and genetics of meningiomas. Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. They are usually durally based and are often found adjacent to venous sinuses and dural infoldings. The majority of these tumors are WHO grade I, although a minority is WHO grade II, atypical, or WHO grade III, anaplastic. Grade II and III meningiomas show a greater tendency than Grade I tumors to recur and metastasize. The current WHO scheme recognizes 15 histologic subtypes of meningiomas. Nine of these are WHO grade I, three are grade II, and three are grade III. In addition to these histologic subtypes, meningiomas can also be graded on the basis of mitotic activity, evidence of brain invasion, growth pattern cellular density, nuclear atypia,... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366981 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366980&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000955%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The classification and diagnostic criteria of the myeloproliferative neoplasms have changed significantly in the 2008 World Health Organization monograph on the classification of hematologic malignancies. Many of the changes arose from the findings that the different malignancies are associated with abnormal cell signaling because of translocations or mutations in genes for protein tryosine kinases involved in the normal growth and regulation of hematopoietic cells. These include ABL1, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, JAK2, MPL, and KIT. The new classification attempts to reflect the related molecular pathogenesis of the different entities and incorporates the identification of the molecular defects into the diagnostic criteria for some of the individual diseases. Issues concerning the new classific... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366980 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366979&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001067%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (JMML) is a rare childhood neoplasm with features characteristic of both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders. Children with JMML typically present with marked splenomegaly and hepatomegaly and varying degrees of lymphadenopathy, pallor, and skin rash. The peripheral blood usually show leukocytosis, absolute monocytosis, often with dysplastic features, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. While the bone marrow findings are less specific, hypercellularity due to myelomonocytic proliferation, mild dysplasia, and a reduced number of megakaryocytes are usually present. The hallmark of JMML is hypersensitivity of marrow progenitors to granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro. Recent studies have shown that this abnormal proliferation is due to an aberrant signal tr... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366979 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366978&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000967%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) include clonal myeloid neoplasms that overlap the MDS and MPN categories and at the time of initial diagnosis exhibit some clinical, laboratory, or morphologic features supporting the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and at the same time show proliferative features in keeping with the diagnosis of a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Although the clinical, morphologic, and laboratory findings vary along a continuum from MDS to MPN, distinctive features are usually present that allow assignment of most of the cases to 1 of 3 distinct subtypes recognized by the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL-(aCML, BCR-ABL1-), and juven... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366978 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366977&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000888%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) is an excellent method to follow the expression patterns of differentiation antigens using monoclonal antibodies to surface and cytoplasmic proteins. Although several authors described various aberrant immunophenotypic features in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the World Health Organization 2008 classification recommended that, only if 3 or more phenotypic abnormalities are found involving 1 or more of the myeloid lineages can the aberrant FCM findings be considered suggestive of MDS. In the absence of conclusive morphologic and/or cytogenetic features, FCM abnormalities alone were considered not sufficient to establish MDS diagnosis and further follow-up of the patients was recommended. Review of the literature gives a... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366977 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366976&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001043%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present the overview of the minimal diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of MDS, the WHO classification scheme, and briefly address the risk stratification. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366976 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366975&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001110%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A lot of hard work and many hours of discussion have preceded the publication of the WHO series of classifications of human neoplasms. However, advances in our understanding of molecular events that are characteristic of, precede, or define a disease or disease group have nowhere else had such a profound impact on disease classification as in the WHO classification of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. In the case of the myeloid neoplasms, the classification has categorized some entities, e.g. acute myeloid leukemia, into different types based not only on their morphology, but also on molecular genetic and somewhat surprisingly, on clinical criteria. In addition, it has utilized various molecular events that result in the dysregulation of tyrosine kinase cell signaling pathw... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366975 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366974&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001158%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366974 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366973&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701100116X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366973 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366972&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001146%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366972 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366971&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001134%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366971 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366970&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011001122%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366970 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012736&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000153%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; previously called centrocytic lymphoma or lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation) is a distinct subtype of B-cell lymphoma, accounting for approximately 3%-10% of all lymphoma diagnoses. The name refers to the growth pattern in early disease presentation resembling the normal mantle zone that surrounds the germinal center of the B-cell follicle. The hallmark of MCL is the t(11;14)(q13;q32), resulting in aberrant expression of the CCND1 gene and expression of cyclin D1 in the tumor cells. Expression and genomic profiling of MCL have provided new insight into the pathogenesis and will be summarized in this review. Pitfalls in the differential diagnosis versus B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, cyclin D1-positive diffu... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012736 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:16 +0100 5012736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012735&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000128%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the present review, the authors described the pathobiological features of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–driven T/natural killer cell–derived malignancies. These rare tumors appear to be quite heterogeneous with regard to both clinical and pathologic features. Nonetheless, some elements, especially regarding the possible role of EBV (ie, genomic predisposition, pathogenesis, pattern of latency), are similar, enforcing the concept of a causative role for the virus. In clinical practice, although definitely rare in Western countries, the tumors are not exceptional; thus, they should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of T-lymphoproliferative disorders, also considering the need for extremely prompt intervention. The prognosis of such tumors is generally poor using current... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012735 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:16 +0100 5012735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012734&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000426%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a group of lymphoid neoplasms provided with heterogeneous clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular features. They can be classified in two groups: cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) and cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs). Recent studies show an increase of the incidence of PCLs over the last three decades. Our aim is to evaluate the commonest types of PCL analysing the clinical characteristics, histology, phenotype, molecular biology, prognosis and therapy. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012734 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:16 +0100 5012734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012733&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000220%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A distinct subset of T helper cells, named follicular T helper cells (TFH), has been recently described. TFH cells are characterized by their homing capacities in the germinal centers of B-cell follicles where they interact with B cells, supporting B-cell survival and antibody responses. TFH cells can be identified by the expression of several markers including the chemokine CXCL13, the costimulatory molecules PD1 and inducible costimulator, and the transcription factor BCL6. They appear to be relevant markers for the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and have helped to recognize subsets of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, with nodal or cutaneous presentation expressing TFH antigens that might be related to AITL. In B-cell neoplasms, TFH cells are p... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012733 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012732&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000219%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this review is to present the most updated information on the cytologic and histologic features of these entities, with a special reference to diagnostic algorithms. A detailed description of the genetic aberrations and the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to transformation is presented. The clinical features of ALCL and novel tailored strategies are briefly illustrated. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012732 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012731&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000645%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This issue and the previous issue of Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology are dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. H.C. Karl Lennert on the occasion of his 90th birthday (). Professor Lennert, who was my mentor in hematopathology in 1980, pioneered the current knowledge of malignant lymphomas. Using his bright intelligence, spirit of observation, rigorous methodology, and strong motivation, he developed a morphologic view on lymphatic tissue that is still the basis of both lymphoma diagnosis and research. Relating lymphomas to possible physiological counterparts of the disease led him to establish a terminology for cells, with differentiation and growth patterns still being an integral part of the current classification. The same theoretic approach has been stimulating molecular lymphoma research for d... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012731 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012730&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701100075X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012730 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012729&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000761%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012729 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012728&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000748%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012728 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012727&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000736%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012727 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012726&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000724%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012726 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:52:15 +0100 5012726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906698&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000049%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the past 25 years revelations on the genesis of human cancer have come at an increasing pace. Research on oncogenic infectious agents, especially viruses, has helped us to understand the process of malignant transformation of cells because the cellular events in viral-driven transformation mirror, often brilliantly, basic cellular processes that culminate in cancer, even those not associated with viruses. Infectious agents, especially viruses, account for several of the most common malignancies—up to 20% of all cancers. Some of these cancers are endemic, with a high incidence in certain geographic locations, but sporadic/lower incidence in other parts of the world. Lymphomas arise frequently in association with infectious agents such as Epstein–Barr virus, human immunodeficiency vir... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906698 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906697&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000414%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In past years, substantial insight regarding the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has been obtained. Particularly, based on gene expression profile analysis, this disease can be classified into distinct phenotypic subgroups and specific transcriptional programs have been identified. New technologies like next-generation whole genome/exome sequencing and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis have revealed novel lesions involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. This review focuses on the diversity of genetic lesions identified in the different subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906697 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906696&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000190%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an indolent B-cell malignancy frequently diagnosed in the elderly, is characterized by the relentless accumulation of CD5+ monoclonal B cells that proliferate in the appropriate tissue microenvironments. Despite many advances achieved by molecular and functional studies, our knowledge of the reciprocal relationship between the CLL cell and its microenvironment at the tissue level is still largely incomplete. In this review we present the relevant current information on the tissue microenvironmental features of CLL, focusing on the events that appear to occur in the lymph node. Special attention is devoted to analyzing the properties of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic bystander cells within proliferation centers, the mysterious structures that likely re... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906696 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906695&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000116%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Follicular lymphoma is one of the most frequent lymphomas in the western hemisphere. The diagnosis of this lymphoma is based primarily on morphology and immunohistochemistry. Although the basic diagnostic principles have been unchanged for decades, the concept of lymphoma pathogenesis and subtyping is still being developed. Most importantly, the grading of follicular lymphoma and the definition of transformation continue to be controversial. Early lesions of follicular lymphoma can be identified using immunohistochemistry, which presents a challenge to diagnostic histopathologists, but can by contrast help us to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Histopathologists should be aware of variants of this lymphoma that present with specific histologic and clinical features, such as pedi... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906695 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906694&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000207%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The term marginal zone lymphoma includes a collection of different diseases with some shared morphologic and pathogenic features, but distinctive clinical presentation, immunophenotype, molecular abnormalities, and treatment recommendations. This review describes the main features of splenic marginal zone lymphoma, nodal marginal zone lymphoma, and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906694 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906693&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701100013X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the present review, the authors described the pathobiological features of B- and T-ALL, which appear to be quite heterogeneous with regard to molecular pathogenesis. The last edition of the World Health Organization Classification considered this aspect by defining many entities based on genetic findings. This approach is not only important for prognostic stratification, but also in the near future will surely represent the basis for the definition of patient-specific therapeutic approaches. A striking example is Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which until the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has been regarded as the most aggressive ALL. The use of imatinib, dasatinib, and possibly more recent inhibitors has dramatically changed the clinical scenario, offering new oppo... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906693 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906692&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000062%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The classification of malignant lymphomas remained controversial for over 30 years. The first scheme was proposed by Rappaport in the ‘60th and was based on incorrect histogenetic concepts. To overcome these limitations, several groups formulated new proposals in ‘70th. Among these two merited attention: the Lukes and Collins and the Kiel Classifications. They were based on the assumption that each lymphoma category might be related to a precise differentiation step of the lymphoid system, thus excluding any correlation with histiocytes, present on the Rappaport scheme. The Kiel Classification became very popular in Europe, while the one of Luke and Collins did not meet success in the United States (U.S.). In 1978, the National Cancer Institute proposed an international trial to compar... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906692 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906691&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000499%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906691 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906690&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000505%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906690 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906689&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000487%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906689 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906688&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000475%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906688 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906687&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000463%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906687 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784691&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000165%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Reactive lesions of bone and soft tissue can appear alarming on histologic examination because they are often cellular and have atypical (activated) cytologic features, such as distinct nucleoli and mild hyperchromasia, and mitotic activity. Reactive lesions of bone and periosteum also produce bone and cartilage matrix, resulting in confusion with osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma. Careful attention to key cytomorphological features such as the pattern of bone formation, uniform appearance of cells, and absence of atypical mitoses should help identify the reactive nature of a lesion. Correlation with clinical and radiological findings is also imperative to avoid misclassification of the tumor because reactive lesions often arise at sites where osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are rare (eg, the... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784691 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784690&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000074%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Primary malignant bone tumors are rare sarcomas with an estimated frequency of about 2900 new cases per year; they constitute less than 0.2% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States. The diagnosis and management of these neoplasms require a team approach, which includes orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and oncologists. With this approach and current treatment modalities, the 5-year survival for the most common malignant bone tumors, osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, are 70% and 60%, respectively. This review will summarize recent developments and advances in molecular pathogenesis of the more common primary malignant bone neoplasms. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784690 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784689&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000189%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Benign bone tumors frequently pose a diagnostic challenge for general surgical pathologists. Accurate pathologic diagnosis requires careful clinical and radiological correlation. The most significant recent advances in some benign bone tumors have occurred at the molecular and cytogenetic level. The detection of clonal chromosomal aberrations, various specific molecular genetic events, and the description of the bone cell signaling pathways in the field of osteoimmunology have provided a better understanding of the pathophysiology of certain tumors and an important aid in the diagnostic workup and differential diagnosis of some bone lesions demonstrating overlapping clinical and pathologic features. Future directions include prognostic and therapeutic applications of these findings. Newer ... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784689 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784688&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000104%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Joint arthroplasty is a commonly performed surgical procedure that provides significant benefit to the patient. The prosthetic devices are composed of combinations of polyethylene, ceramics, metal alloys, bone cement, and silicone and are associated with complications as well as eventual failure from wear and corrosion. The pathologic findings of these processes are complex and require accurate interpretation to help guide therapy and identify the underlying biological mechanisms. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784688 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784687&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000177%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The inflammatory diseases of the bones and joints encompass infections and the consequences of immunologically mediated local and systemic disease. Infections involve bones (osteomyelitis) and joints (septic arthritis) separately as well as together and result in necrosis with inflammatory features determined by the duration of the infection. In many cases, the infecting organism, whether bacterial, fungal or mycobacterial, is present within the infected site, but occasionally is no longer identifiable locally despite the persistence of infection-related phenomena. Granulomatous infections in bones and joints require distinction from Sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of the immunologically mediated inflammatory diseases, such as RA, depends as much on the clinical features as on the histologic on... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784687 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784686&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000141%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A variety of different diseases affect the synovium, including infection, noninfectious immunologic inflammatory conditions, degenerative arthroses, crystal deposits, trauma, and tumors. Tumors of the synovium are relatively uncommon. Any mesenchymal tumor may arise in the synovium, but most recapitulate its normal counterpart including synoviocytes, blood vessels, fat, and fibrous tissue. These tumors can arise in any synovial lined structures both within joints and in extraarticular locations. Most synovial tumors are benign. Malignant tumors are rare but important to recognize because many are aggressive and must be treated appropriately. Among common nonneoplastic conditions that affect the synovium and surrounding structures are crystal deposits such as monosodium urate crystals, calc... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784686 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784685&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000050%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Genetic factors play roles in many diseases. Often these factors are ill defined and unpredictable. Other diseases are caused by specific single gene mutations and are passed to offspring in Mendelian inheritance patterns. There are over 5000 documented Mendelian disorders; over 500 of these affect bones and joints. Some of these single gene disorders affect many tissues, and the skeletal system is one of many organ systems involved. The surgical pathologist must often diagnose these disorders. Important examples are neurofibromatosis, Gaucher's disease, and alkaptonuria. Other single gene disorders almost exclusively affect the skeleton. These disorders are the skeletal dysplasias and 372 have been documented. These disorders are classified using radiographic, clinical, and molecular data... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784685 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784684&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000098%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The concept of metabolic bone disease embraces the view that such diseases involve all bones of the body to some degree. Therefore, Paget's disease is technically not a metabolic bone disease because the disease may be only monostotic or, when polyostotic, there is still normal bone present. Paget's disease is included in this discussion to complete a gamut of diseases in which extensive morphologic bone changes occur, leading to profound skeletal abnormalities. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784684 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784683&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000025%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The purpose of this article is to stress the importance of imaging studies to the surgical pathologist when studying orthopaedic specimens and to emphasize specimen preparation, including sawing and decalcification techniques. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784683 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784682&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000086%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes For most anatomic pathologists, orthopaedic pathology is the bane of their existence. This subspecialty demands a new, specific language unfamiliar to most pathologists, special tissue preparation with decalcification, correlation with clinical imaging studies such as x-rays, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies, and a team approach, composed of an orthopaedist, radiologist, pathologist, and possibly an oncologist, especially when dealing with neoplasms. Also, the rarity of bone neoplasms makes them unfamiliar to the pathologist. Furthermore, the impact of the pathologist's diagnosis has tremendous ramifications for patients, who are often young, and it is a critical factor in determining treatment and prognosis. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784682 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784681&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000268%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784681 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784680&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701100027X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784680 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784679&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000256%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784679 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784678&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000244%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784678 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784677&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257011000232%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784677 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4784677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290696&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001036%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Dr. Jagdish Butany would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Sidney Croul , Professor of Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, for serving as Guest Associate Editor for the May 2010 (Vol 27, Issue 2) Central Nervous System: Neoplasms and Their Mimics and August 2010 (Vol 27, Issue 3) Inflammatory Neoplastic Lesions of the Nervous System of Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. This acknowledgement was inadvertently omitted from the respective issues. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290696 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290695&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000948%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this review, selected miscellaneous disorders of the endometrium, mostly benign but some malignant, are discussed. Topics covered include criteria for adequacy as well as common artifacts in endometrial biopsy specimens, endometritis, exogenous hormone and drug (including tamoxifen) effects on the endometrium, and endometrial metaplasias. Various issues relating to endometrial polyps are also covered, as are metastatic neoplasms involving the endometrium. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290695 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290694&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs), formerly known as malignant mixed müllerian tumors, are uncommon neoplasias that account for (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290694 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290693&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001000%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Endometrial carcinomas are a heterogenous group of tumors that show variable histologies, molecular abnormalities and clinical outcomes. The idea of rigid distinctions between tumor types is appealing to pathologists, gynecologists, researchers and patients, but in a recent study where high grade endometrial carcinomas were reviewed by three experienced gynecologic pathologists, diagnostic agreement about tumor type was reached in only approximately one half of cases. In general, biologically and clinically validated diagnostic criteria are lacking for high grade endometrial carcinomas and for those that appear mixed epithelial. Until such criteria are developed, it remains important to define which morphologic patterns convey accurate clinical and biological information and which do not o... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290693 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290692&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001012%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Clinicopathologic studies support a classification of endometrial carcinoma into two main categories (type I and type II). Type I cancers consist of endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas, with the former being the most common, whereas serous and clear cell carcinomas are the so-called “prototype” of type II cancers. Nonendometrioid carcinomas account for approximately 10% of endometrial carcinomas and differ from endometrioid carcinomas in terms of patient demographics, morphologic features, and biological behavior. Molecular studies have provided further insights into the differing alterations involved in the development and progression of these tumors. This review summarizes the characteristic clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features of the various subtypes of n... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290692 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290691&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000985%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium is the most common type of endometrial carcinoma. The microscopic appearance of the tumor resembles that of the proliferative endometrium, with a variable degree of glandular complexity and cellular pleomorphism. Several subtypes have been described, including the presence of squamous differentiation, villoglandular pattern, secretory features and ciliated cells. Recently recognized subtypes are the tumors that arise in the setting of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome, tumors with small nonvillous papillae, presence of microglandular pattern, sertoliform features, and dedifferentiated carcinomas. The main differential diagnosis includes endocervical adenocarcinoma, atypical polypoid adenomyoma, malignant mixed Müllerian tumors, and met... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290691 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290690&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001048%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (EIN) is a monoclonal premalignant endometrial glandular lesion that precedes the development of endometrioid-type endometrial adenocarcinoma. EIN arises through complex interactions involving the sequential accumulation of genetic damage in endometrial glands and the positive selective pressure of unopposed estrogen. Recent data have revealed a preclinical latent precursor lesion composed of mutated but morphologically nondescript glands that may persist for years in normal-appearing premenopausal cycling endometrium. This latent precursor shares many of the molecular features of EIN and endometrial adenocarcinoma, including frequent inactivation of both the tumor suppressor gene PTEN and the paired box–containing gene PAX2. Upon progression to EIN, the distinctive appearance of crowde... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290690 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290689&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000997%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes is a heterogeneous set of pathologic lesions that range from mild, reversible glandular proliferations to direct cancer precursors. These lesions comprise a continuum of morphologic appearances, with the earliest proliferation represented by crowded glands with simple tubular architecture lined by cells resembling proliferative endometrium, whereas advanced proliferations in this continuum are characterized by crowded glands with complex architecture, often containing cells with nuclear atypia resembling low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The former “early” proliferations may be isolated to an endometrial polyp, but advanced proliferations are generally more diffusely present throughout the endometrium. There are at least three major classification systems for endometrial carcinom... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290689 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290688&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000973%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Several important conditions of the endometrium (non-neoplastic, preneoplastic, and neoplastic) will be discussed in this issue of Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. Particular attention is given to precancerous lesions and experts in the field will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using the traditional WHO classification system and the Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia (EIN) concept. In addition, two articles will be devoted to the two main clinicopathological categories of endometrial carcinoma: type I (endometrioid carcinoma and their variants) and type II (namely serous and clear cell carcinoma). Because it is not uncommon in daily practice to encounter tumors with mixed features, we have included one chapter that discusses carcinomas exhibiting ambiguous morphologic, i... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290688 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290687&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001139%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290687 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290686&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290686 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290685&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290685 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290684&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010001073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290684 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4290683&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701000105X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4290683 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4290683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860395&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000389%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Nontumor lesions of the spinal cord and spine include developmental disorders, cystic tumor-like lesions, vascular disorders, infective diseases, demyelinating diseases, degenerative diseases, metabolic and toxic disorders, and spinal cord injury. In addition, diseases of the spine and extradural spaces secondarily cause spinal cord injury. Aside from tumors, these include developmental abnormalities, inflammatory diseases, nontumor space-occupying lesions, and tumor-like lesions such as lipomas, vascular malformations, and cysts. Awareness is required of hemostatic agents used during surgery and subsequently presenting as space-occupying lesions, which have to be differentiated from recurrent lesions. On the therapeutic front, stem cell transplantation into spinal cord for treatment of ne... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860395 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860394&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000377%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Parasitic infections, though endemic to certain regions, have over time appeared in places far removed from their original sites of occurrence facilitated probably by the increase in world travel and the increasing migration of people from their native lands to other, often distant, countries. The frequency of occurrence of some of these diseases has also changed based on a variety of factors, including the presence of intermediate hosts, geographic locations, and climate. One factor that has significantly altered the epidemiology of parasitic diseases within the central nervous system (CNS) is the HIV pandemic. In this review of the pathology of parasitic infections that affect the CNS, each parasite is discussed in the sequence of epidemiology, life cycle, pathogenesis, and pathology. (S... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860394 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860393&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000365%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes TP involves the provision of pathology services over a distance using the Internet to link pathologists at the “viewing site” with diagnostic material in a “remote site.” Robotic microscopes were a mainstay of TP; however, this is now changing with the development of whole-slide imaging (WSI) systems which enable rapid production of digital slides that can be reviewed over a complete range of magnifications with a viewing experience closely replicating that of light microscopy. As such, WSI will undoubtedly become a viable option for pathology departments considering TP for remote frozen section (FS) coverage, and in the future for rapid consultation on difficult cases. For reasons to be discussed below, it may be particularly attractive to use WSI TP for neuropathology frozen sect... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860393 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860392&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701000033X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes As our understanding of pediatric brain neoplasia flourishes, so does the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. The neuropathologist uniquely stands at the crossroads between pathology and molecular genetics, often overseeing the creation, development, implementation, delivery, and reporting of the newest bioassays. This review serves to highlight the key microscopic and genetic features of the most common pediatric brain tumors. For example, INI-1 immunohistochemistry has assisted in identifying several previously unrecognized cases of rhabdoid cell-poor atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). The latest discovery involving the tandem duplication and fusion BRAF-KIAA1549 on chromosome 7q34 in pilocytic astrocytoma has drawn attention to the MAPK-ERK pathway an... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860392 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860391&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000699%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860391 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860390&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000705%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860390 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860389&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000687%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860389 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860388&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000675%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860388 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860387&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000663%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860387 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3860387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811055&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000353%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Oligodendroglial tumors, which encompass pure oligodendroglioma and mixed oligoastrocytoma, represent the second most common glioma in adults after glioblastoma. They remain controversial neoplasms in the realm of surgical neuropathology. The early recognition of their more favorable prognosis and responsiveness to treatment when compared with diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas has influenced the pathologic diagnostic interpretation, and resulted in a pervasive interobserver variability. The more recent finding of an increased frequency of 1p/19q deletion in these tumors by cytogenetic analysis, and the association of this molecular abnormality with a better prognosis has greatly impacted the field of neuro-oncology. In this review, we focus on important histopathologic aspects in the eva... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811055 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811054&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000341%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) presenting as space-occupying lesions are not uncommon, particularly in developing countries. Most often, infective organisms gain entry into the CNS through the hematogenous route, seed the parenchyma, and cause tissue destruction. Subsequently, some form mass lesions in a manner similar to neoplastic growths. The commonality in pathogenesis and pathology between infective agents and neoplastic cells underlies the similarities in their presentations. Although neoplasms are the common considerations in the presence of enhancing lesions with perilesional edema and mass effect on neuroimaging, nonneoplastic conditions—in particular, infectious lesions— can have similar imaging characteristics. The widening spectrum of opportunistic and newly... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811054 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811053&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000328%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Astrocytic neoplasms constitute a highly diverse category of neoplasms in the central nervous system and the orbit that span from almost benign to highly malignant neoplasms. Most tumors in the former category are potentially cured by surgery alone, while the latter group of tumors do not respond to any form of current treatment. The most critical advance in our understanding of the pathology of these tumors has divided this group into circumscribed (or solid) and infiltrating (or diffuse) categories. These two categories differ from one another in virtually every aspect and their distinction has become the principle role of the pathologist in guiding appropriate management. There is increasing insight into the biology of these neoplasms but the fundamental role of the pathologist still re... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811053 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811052&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000316%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Neuropathology is a challenging field, in large part because of the consequential decisions that must be made with small biopsy material. This is especially true concerning the most common primary brain tumor, the infiltrative glioma. Fortunately, abundant research has identified specific molecular alterations that are characteristic of gliomas, according to diagnostic class and tumor grade. Such alterations include 1p19q codeletion, EGFR amplification, p16 deletion, and IDH1/2 mutations. Using specific cases as examples, this review illustrates how molecular testing is of great help in avoiding misdiagnoses and enhancing the quality of information provided to clinicians. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811052 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811051&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000390%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Tumors of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system, CNS) are rare when compared with other sites and other diseases that can affect the length of an individual's life. However, about 20,000 new cases of primary CNS tumors are diagnosed in the United States each year, not an insignificant number. The CNS is “locked” inside a rigid and nonexpandable calvarium (except in newborns and young children); therefore, any new growths (primary or secondary) can only grow at the expense of the structures already inside the skull or spinal column. The symptoms and signs or clinical manifestations of CNS tumors depend on the location and the growth rate of these tumors. Symptoms include general nonlocalizing and focal symptoms and signs. General signs, which reflect the increase in intracra... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811051 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811050&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811050 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811049&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000444%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811049 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811048&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000420%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811048 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811047&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000419%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811047 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3811046&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000407%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3811046 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3811046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249585&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000914%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and pathologists have evolved a system of classification that reflects this heterogeneity as well as provide prognostic and predictive information to manage patients. Professor Azzopardi's contribution to understanding and classifying breast disease is significant and reflected by the many articles in this issue. Nonetheless, there are limitations to the morphologic classification and new molecular methods promise to refine the biological understanding as well as provide better biomarkers for prognostication and targets for the development of novel therapeutics. The degree to which the new methods add value to the morphology remains to be seen, but there is hope that a symbiosis between morphology and molecular techniques will advance traditional hi... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249585 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249584&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000975%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Salivary gland-type neoplasms of the breast are uncommon and comprise numerous entities analogous to that more commonly seen in salivary glands. The clinicopathologic spectrum ranges from benign to malignant but there are important differences as compared with those of their salivary counterpart. In the breast, benign adenomyoepithelioma is recognized in addition to malignant one, whereas in the salivary gland a histologically similar tumor is designated as epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma without a separate benign subgroup. Mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma is a low-grade neoplasm compared with its salivary equivalent. It is also important to appreciate that in contrast to “triple negative” conventional breast carcinomas with aggressive course, most salivary-type malignant breast neo... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249584 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249583&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000938%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC) diagnosis relies on (i) presence of morphologic neuroendocrine features, and (ii) neuroendocrine markers expressed in more than 50% of tumor cells. The World Health Organization classification describes 3 main histologic types: the solid, the small/oat cell, and the large cell variant. In addition, we have recently proposed a further categorization into 5 subgroups: the first 3 categories encompass solid lesions and include (i) solid cohesive carcinomas, (ii) alveolar carcinomas, and (iii) small cell carcinoma; the last subgroups include mucin-producing tumors which are (iv) solid papillary carcinomas and (v) cellular mucinous carcinomas. Chromogranin A and synaptophysin have been considered as the most sensitive and specific neuroendocrine markers in... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249583 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249582&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000926%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Assessing the distribution of the in situ and invasive components of breast carcinomas and the extent of the disease represent an integrated part of our diagnostic routine. In this article, we summarize findings from 792 consecutive breast carcinoma cases, each documented in large-format histology slides. Selected cases were also analyzed in thick, large sections. Of these, 35.0% (42/120) of the purely in situ carcinomas were diffuse and occupied mostly larger ducts, whereas 37.5% (45/120) were multifocal and involved several distant terminal ductal-lobular units (TDLUs). The proportion of unifocal in situ cases involving a single TDLU or several neighboring TDLUs was 27.5% (33/120). Forty-one percent (136/332) of early ( (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249582 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249581&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000999%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Lobular carcinoma is a special type of breast cancer that shows distinct clinical presentation, morphologic and molecular features, and clinical behavior, and its incidence is rising in recent years. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) and its precursor lesions may result in diagnostic difficulties, particularly in the screening settings and their management may be problematic. Variants of lobular carcinoma, such as the pleomorphic variant, although not common, exist and some show differences in behavior warranting their recognition in view of requirements for different management strategies. Here we present a review of lobular carcinomas with particular attention to lobular in situ lesions, epidemiology, subtypes, diagnosis, molecular pathology, and grading of ILC in addition to the clin... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249581 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249580&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000951%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Thirty years ago, John G. Azzopardi described a mainly cytologically defined atypical intraepithelial lesion of the breast, which he called “clinging carcinoma in situ,” a variant of “ductal carcinoma in situ.” The lesion was characterized by replacement of native epithelial cells by very few cell layers of mildly to severely atypical epithelial cells. Based on the degree of cytologic atypia, Azzopardi distinguished type 1 with highly atypical nuclei and type 2 with merely subtle cytologic (nuclear) atypia. Although this distinctive lesion remained widely unrecognized and/or ignored by many pathologists for a long period, several recent studies strongly suggest its neoplastic nature. The aim of this review is to focus on the “clinging” concept and its evolution after the first ... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249580 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249579&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000963%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In 1979, Professor John Azzopardi introduced the term “clinging carcinoma” to describe what he considered to represent examples of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) characterized by “neoplastic cells…limited to the periphery of the containing structures.” He emphasized that these lesions can be easily missed “since the alteration is cytological rather than anatomical.” Two types of clinging carcinoma were described by Azzopardi. He considered the first to represent a variant of high-grade DCIS, and most pathologists concur with that view. In contrast, pathologists have been much more reluctant to accept Azzopardi's second type of clinging carcinoma as a type of DCIS, particularly in the United States. This second type is characterized by cells with low grade, monomorphic-type c... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249579 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249578&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025700900094X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Papillomas and papillary carcinomas differ in their 3 fundamental characteristics: the geometric properties of their fronds, the amount of their stroma, and the characteristics of their epithelium. Fibrosis at the edge of papillomas often entraps glands and creates the spurious impression of invasion. The proliferation of surface epithelial cells of papillomas does not give rise to unexpected diagnostic difficulties, but glandular proliferation within the stalks of papillomas often simulates the appearance of cribriform ductal carcinoma in situ. Needle biopsies of papillomas can deposit clusters of benign cells in a distribution that resembles an invasive carcinoma. Although papillomas overrun by ductal carcinoma in situ exhibit a papillary architecture, other features differentiate them f... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249578 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249577&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000987%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The lesion termed “infiltrating epitheliosis” (IE) by Azzopardi is described using his original criteria. The differential diagnosis from radial scar (RS) is discussed. It appears that IE and RS are histologically and histogenetically different and are also associated with a different risk of carcinoma. IE can be associated with either in situ or invasive carcinoma, whereas RS being more like a process of involution is very seldom involved by a carcinoma. Therefore, whatever name is used among the several found in the literature, it should be made clear they are not interchangeable when reporting on lesions like IE and RS. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249577 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249576&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000902%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes There are probably as many ways to perform surgical pathology as there are surgical pathologists in this world. However, if one looks carefully at the modus operandi and scientific production of the pre-eminent representatives of the specialty over the years, one begins to realize that they can be divided into 2 main models: the surgical pathologist–clinician (a primarily American phenomenon) and the surgical pathologist–morphologist–pathobiologist (a largely European species). The first type, represented by legendary people like Arthur Purdy Stout, Lauren Ackerman, Fred Stewart, Frank Foote, Malcolm Dockerty, and David Dahlin, involved professionals who were basically clinicians with a microscope. To be sure, they were also superb morphologists, with a legendary ability in the evalu... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249576 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249575&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009001002%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The year 2009 marks the 30th anniversary of the publication of Professor John G. Azzopardi's classical monograph, Problems in Breast Pathology. The community of breast pathologists felt that publishing a series of papers on selected topics in breast pathology to which Professor Azzopardi made significant contributions and about which he was passionate would be a fitting way to commemorate this occasion. The authors selected to write these papers have either worked directly with Professor Azzopardi or have for many years admired and have been influenced by his unique insights into various breast diseases. This issue of Seminars follows a meeting that was held in May 2006 in Malta, the native land of Professor Azzopardi, to honor him and to celebrate his accomplishments. (Source: Seminars in... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249575 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249574&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000055%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249574 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249573&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000067%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249573 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249572&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000043%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249572 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249571&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257010000031%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249571 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3249570&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025701000002X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3249570 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3249570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037991&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000446%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The clinical reading environment for the twenty-first century pathologist looks very different than it did even a few short years ago. Glass slides are quickly being replaced by digital “virtual slides” and the traditional light microscope is being replaced by the computer display. There are numerous questions that arise however when deciding exactly what this new digital display viewing environment be like. Choosing a workstation for daily use in the interpretation of digital pathology images can be a very daunting task. Radiology went digital nearly 20 years ago and faced many of the same challenges so there are lessons to be learned from these experiences. One major lesson is that there is no “one size fits all” workstation so users must consider a variety of factors when choosi... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037991 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037990&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025700900046X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Since mid-1996 we have operated a diagnostic robotic telepathology (TP) system at the Iron Mountain, Michigan, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) from the Milwaukee, Wisconsin VAMC, located some 220 miles away. No on-site pathologist is present in Iron Mountain. Instead, an experienced, well-trained pathologist assistant, under direction of pathologists located in Milwaukee, is responsible for tissue grossing and sectioning. The pathologist assistant places slides onto the stage of the robotic microscope, which is then controlled by pathologists in Milwaukee. Each case read by TP is subsequently read by light microscopy (LM) by the same pathologist. Three distinct phases of TP have been recognized. Our experience during Phase I (mid-1996 through early 1999) has been publi... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037990 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037989&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000434%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes An innovative telemedicine-enabled rapid breast care service is described that bundles telemammography, telepathology, and teleoncology services into a single day process. The service is called the UltraClinics® Process. Since the core services are at four different physical locations a challenge has been to obtain STAT second opinion readouts on newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. In order to provide same day QA re-review of breast surgical pathology cases, a DMetrix DX-40 ultrarapid virtual slide scanner (DMetrix, Inc., Tucson, AZ) was installed at the participating laboratory. Glass slides of breast cancer and breast hyperplasia cases were scanned the same day the slides were produced by the University Physicians Healthcare Hospital histology laboratory. Virtual slide telepathology wa... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037989 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037988&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000458%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Although telepathology (TP) has not been widely implemented for primary frozen section diagnoses, interest in its use is growing as we move into an age of increasing sub-specialization and centralization of pathology services. University Health Network (UHN) is a 3-site academic institution in downtown Toronto. The pathology department is consolidated at its Toronto General Hospital (TGH) site. The Toronto Western Hospital (TWH), located 1 mile to west of TGH, has no on-site pathologist and generates 5-10 frozen section cases per week. Over 95% of these frozen sections are submitted by neurosurgeons, in most cases to confirm the presence of lesional tissue and establish a tissue diagnosis. In 2004, we implemented a robotic microscopy (RM) TP system to cover these frozen sections. In 2006, ... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037988 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037987&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000707%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037987 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037986&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000719%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037986 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037985&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000690%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037985 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037984&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000689%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037984 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3037983&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000677%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3037983 Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3037983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997898&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000422%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Keratoacanthomas are common self limited squamous proliferations. They have been considered a benign neoplasm with involution and complete resolution within few months. Although considered the prototypical example of cutaneous pseudomalignancy, some believe that these tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and through the years there have been sporadic reports of “metastasizing keratoacanthomas.” The question has been raised as to whether keratoacanthoma is an unreliable histological diagnosis or these tumors have a latent, albeit rare, malignant potential. To date, just a handful of “metastasizing keratoacanthomas” have been reported. Since a benign lesion is incapable of metastasis, some other explanation must be considered; the most likely one being a misdiagnosis. While it is clea... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997898 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997897&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000471%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Postradiation vascular tumors fall into two categories: (1) postradiation cutaneous angiosarcoma, malignant vascular neoplasms with significant morbidity and mortality; and (2) atypical vascular lesions (AVL), vascular tumors that reportedly behave in a benign manner. Postradiation vascular tumors not only present a therapeutic problem for clinicians, but they present an increasingly common diagnostic dilemma for pathologists. Although first described separately 15 years ago, the relationship between postradiation cutaneous angiosarcoma and AVL remains controversial. It appears that, in at least some cases, angiosarcoma can arise in the context of AVL, suggesting that these lesions are part of a spectrum of the same disease process. This latter view point is supported by the significant cl... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997897 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997896&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000203%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We elaborate on the diagnosis of CD30 positive cutaneous lymphoproliferative conditions including the various clinical and pathological presentations, our understanding of its pathomechanisms and prognostic implications. The most common reactive conditions that can simulate CD30 lymphoproliferative conditions, including arthropod bite reactions, various viral infections, pityriasis lichenoides and lymphocytic papules in myelodysplastic syndrome, are discussed in detail. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997896 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997895&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS074025700900032X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The connection between angiomyolipoma (AML) of the kidney, clear cell sugar tumor (CCST) of the lung, and pulmonary lymphangioleiomyoma (LAM), was progressively discovered because of the histologic and immunophenotypic similarities between the three tumors and their frequent association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Morphologically, analogous lesions found in other locations are composed of the unifying cell, the perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC). PEC tumors (or PEComas), other than AML, CCST, and LAM, are not associated with TSC and typically occur in middle-aged adult females. These neoplasms are composed of nests and fascicles of clear to granular epithelioid and/or spindled cells with a consistent arrangement around blood vessels. Characteristically, the cells express both m... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997895 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997894&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000513%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997894 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997893&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000525%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997893 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997892&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000501%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997892 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997891&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000495%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997891 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2997890&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000483%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2997890 Sat, 01 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2997890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860734&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000197%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Secondary vasculopathies have varied etiologies that include paraneoplastic processes (eg, migratory thrombophlebitis, urticarial vasculitis); direct invasion by tumors (eg, superior and inferior vena cava syndrome); metabolic diseases (eg, diabetes mellitus); and infections, among others. The infective causes of vasculitides could result from direct involvement of vessels by a vasculo-tropic agent (eg, mucor infection); adjacent inflammation nonspecifically affecting nearby vessels; or from infection-induced immune-mediated vasculitis. Viruses represent a major group in the development of the latter, and many human viruses have been reported to cause vasculitis. The vasculitic lesions secondary to hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses largely fall within the spectrum of immune-mediated seco... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860734 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860733&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000185%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is one of the commonest causes of disability and mortality worldwide. It includes all disorders in which an area of the brain is transiently or permanently affected by ischemia or bleeding. In this review, we describe the neuropathological changes associated with the most common entities leading to brain ischemia and hemorrhage. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860733 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860732&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000173%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Vasculitis refers to vessel wall leukocyte infiltration, often with necrosis, and can involve any of one or more vessels in the body. The kidney is commonly affected by vasculitis. Vasculitis is best classified based on the size of the involved vessels into large, medium, and small vessel disease. Small vessel vasculitis (SVV) that includes glomerulonephritis is by far the most frequent vasculitic lesion in the kidney, and the defining renal lesion is a necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Medium vessel vasculitis occasionally involves the kidney as necrotizing arteritis, and large vessel vasculitis only rarely affects the kidney, and most often secondarily by ischemia from proximal arterial narrowing. In this review, we describe the clinical and pathologic features of the various va... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860732 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860731&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000161%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Systemic vasculitis is often not considered as a possible diagnosis by clinicians because of its low prevalence compared with other more common diseases. Vasculitis can affect any end organ, and it is therefore often missed early on in disease progression. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of vasculitis are considered rare and the presentation is often nonspecific. However, if there is significant involvement of the major vessels of the gastrointestinal system, life-threatening sequelae, including perforation and bowel ischemia, may occur. This makes early and immediate management crucial to improve long-term morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of various GI vasculitides often relies on correlation of clinical manifestations with pathology and additional investigations. This paper review... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860731 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860730&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000240%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860730 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860729&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000252%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860729 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860728&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000239%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860728 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860727&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000227%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860727 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2860726&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000215%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2860726 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2860726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481619&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001184%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The following is a list of 68 questions formulated as a member benefit for the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT). One question/answer is e-mailed daily to members under the title “AACT Tox Question of the Day.” Each answer is appropriately referenced. As the reader can see from the scope of these questions, the field of Clinical Toxicology is extremely diverse and encompasses virtually every medical specialty. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481619 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481618&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001147%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The medical response to radiation—whether the result of radiological warfare, terrorist deployment of improvised radiation dispersal weapons, political assassination, occupational or industrial accidents or the medically radiated patient remains one of the least taught among all disciplines within medical education. In the aftermath of 9/11 among medical vulnerabilities to toxicant threats, of all the categories of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)—whether using the CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive) or NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) acronym—radiation is the least taught in professional schools, responder cultures or civil preparedness organizations. To date, few health care professionals (HCP) possess the fundamental knowledge or skills to identify a... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481618 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481617&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001202%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: If geographical values are obtained in a certain area, the normal reference value of red blood cell count of young men in this area can be reckoned by using the regression equation. Furthermore, according to the geographical factors, China can be divided into eight districts: Northeast China District, North China District, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia District, Middle and Lower reaches of the Changjiang River District, Southeast China District, Northwest China District, Southwest China District, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau District. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481617 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481616&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001196%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article briefly discusses acute cyanide poisoning and treatment, and summarizes laboratory interferences that have been reported with the use of hydroxocobalamin. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481616 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481615&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001135%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A multi-billion dollar industry has evolved over the last decade based on herbal product sales with an underlying belief that herbals are natural and therefore safe. The herbal product industry is essentially unregulated and producers are not required to follow good manufacturing practices (GMP). Batch to batch product variation, heavy metal and pesticide contamination, and even therapeutic drug contamination are problematic. Compounding these manufacturing issues are drug to drug and drug to herbal interactions that can cause cytochrome induction or inhibition. It is important for physicians to query their patients on herbal use and educate them on the potential adverse reactions. Herbals have been used for thousands of years and undoubtedly have demonstrated health benefits. However, mor... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481615 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481614&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001159%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article is a review of the history and current status of herbs in the United States. The clinical effects of herbs and herbal medicine will be reviewed with respect to side effects and clinical toxicity. Treatment of herbal toxicity will be described where indicated. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481614 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481613&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001160%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct phase-II metabolite of ethanol formed through the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase catalyzed conjugation of ethanol with glucuronic acid. It has been detected in many antemortem and postmortem biological matrices using a variety of analytical methods. Due to its long urinary elimination time, detectability in hair, specificity for ethanol exposure, and low detection limits of assays, the use of EtG has been proposed as a marker of recent ethanol intake in a variety of clinical and legal settings, including medical monitoring for relapse, emergency department patient evaluation, postmortem assessments, and transportation accident investigation. However, challenges associated with factors such as establishing appropriate cut-off levels capable of distinguishin... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481613 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481612&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001123%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the history and pharmacology of illicit cocaine use. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481612 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481611&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001214%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Severe hepatotoxicity in acute acetaminophen overdose in children is uncommon. This apparent protection does not extend to chronic or repeated high dose acetaminophen administration. The Illinois Poison Center (IPC) was consulted on a case involving a 7 month old 17 lb infant, who had presented the day prior to an emergency department with complaint of febrile illness. Patient had been prescribed acetaminophen for symptoms, and the mother called IPC when she realized that she had been incorrectly giving the patient concentrated infant acetaminophen (80 mg per 0.8 mL) totalling 42.3 mg/kg/dose or 234 mg/kg/24 hours instead of children's acetaminophen (160 mg/5 ml). Per recently published national triage guidelines, the patient was referred to an acute care facility for evaluation. The patie... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481611 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481610&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257008001172%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Poor communication between the clinical toxicologist and the toxicology laboratory can result in a variety of problems. Clinicians must familiarize themselves with the toxicology assays that are available in their hospital and how to interpret assay results. Toxicology tests ordered in the emergency department should provide useful information for patient management and disposition. Toxicology laboratory personnel should have a good working relationship with emergency department clinicians and clinical toxicologists to maximize the usefulness of the laboratory in patient management. (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481610 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481609&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000021%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The field of medical toxicology is a widely diverse field in which the clinical laboratory plays an integral role. The term “toxicology” can be thought of as the assault, absorption and adverse effects of foreign substances to the human body. In this way, the areas of drug overdose, drug interactions, allergic reactions, illicit drug abuse, hazardous chemical exposures, radiation, psychiatry, wilderness/environmental medicine, infectious agents, food safety, botany, virology, zoology, parasitology, mycology, teratology and of course, pharmacology. The articles in this special toxicology/environmental medicine issue of Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology reflect this diverse field. Dr. Kantor's article focuses on the interaction of the hospital-based laboratory and the clinical toxicologis... Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481609 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481608&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000069%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481608 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481607&cid=s_38655_32_f&fid=38655&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semdiagpath.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0740257009000070%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology) Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481607 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2481607