MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Seminars in Hematology' source. Tue, 02 Mar 2010 14:43:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125438&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125438 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125437&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001486%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125437 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125436&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001474%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125436 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125435&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001334%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The field of cord blood transplantation has come a long way since the first transplant more than 20 years ago. Advancements in the field will require continuing efforts to better understand hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function and engraftment. Cautious optimism is inherent in the potential relevance and applicability of nonhematopoietic stem and progenitor cell types found in cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells generated from cord blood cells. Rigorous investigations and close interactions between scientific and clinical investigators are required to translate human in vitro and animal in vivo findings into clinical utility. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125435 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125434&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001413%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The development of newer strategies to overcome, in particular, the cell dose limitation, has increased the availability of umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation of adults. Among these strategies is the development of the double UCB, ex vivo, and reduced-intensity transplantation platforms. Several ongoing registry-based and single-institution and multicenter clinical trials are investigating ways to make UCB transplantation safer and to improve the outcomes of adults after UCB transplantation. We review the background data and promising newer strategies that will further expand the utilization of UCB for the treatment of adults. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125434 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125433&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001322%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are rare diseases, and most are lethal without appropriate intervention. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can cure the majority of patients, but most lack a suitable matched related donor. Alternative donor stem cells (mismatched related donor bone marrow, unrelated donor bone marrow, and unrelated donor umbilical cord blood [UCB]) are therefore frequently required. Published data comparing outcomes after alternative donor transplant for PID are scarce. The outcomes and potential advantage and disadvantages of each alternative stem cell source are discussed in this chapter. Although there are insufficient prospective data to make meaningful comparisons between the alternative stem cell sources, the results presented here demonstrate clearly that t... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125433 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125432&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001371%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for three decades as therapy for lysosomal storage diseases. Stable engraftment following transplantation has the potential to provide a source of an enzyme for the life of a patient. Recombinant enzyme is available for disorders that do not have a primary neurologic component. However, for diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), intravenous enzyme is ineffective due to its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. For selected lysosomal disorders, including metachromatic leukodystrophy and globoid cell leukodystrophy, disease phenotype and the extent of disease at the time of transplantation are of fundamental importance in determining outcomes. Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked, peroxisomal disorder, and in app... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125432 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125431&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001395%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) caused by single-gene defects leading to progressive cellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and damage to multiple organs, including the central nervous, musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, and other systems. Hurler syndrome (MPS IH), the most severe form, is the prototypical model. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), available for MPS I, II, and VI, is beneficial in some patients. However, ERT does not improve neurocognitive function because of its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) allows donor-derived, enzyme-producing cells to migrate to the brain and other organs to provide permanent enzyme therapy and thus help somatic org... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125431 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125430&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS003719630900136X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Currently, it is possible to find a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donor for virtually all patients with acute leukemia who have an indication to receive an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and lack a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling or a well-matched HLA unrelated donor (URD). According to the ethnicity of the patients and the donor registry, approximately 25% to 60% of patients will not find an 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor. Other alternative donors, such as HLA-mismatched related donor or unrelated donor umbilical cord blood (UCB), have emerged to solve the lack of a sibling or well-matched URD. In the haploidentical HSCT setting, new techniques of T-cell depletion, new approaches using combinations of immunosuppressive drugs or different conditioning... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125430 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:06 +0100 3125430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125429&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001383%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has gradually emerged over the last decade as an alternative source of hematopoietic cells for transplantation in children and adults with high-risk or advanced hematologic malignancies who do not have a suitably matched related or unrelated adult donor. This increase in use of UCB is due to favorable results in children, growing availability of UCB units with large cell doses, less stringent donor–recipient HLA matching, and rapid identification and acquisition of the unit. In children with acute leukemia, the data support similar leukemia-free survival after transplantation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched and one or two HLA-mismatched UCB and HLA-matched unrelated donor bone marrow. In adults with acute leukemia, some reports suggest a survival advan... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125429 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125428&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001358%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only potential cure for most bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes and hemoglobinopathies. Over the past decade, umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used more frequently as a stem cell source in patients who lack a suitable BM donor. Although graft failure remains a significant problem, UCB transplantation (UCBT) using the optimal conditioning regimen can be a salvage treatment for patients without a suitable BM donor and warrants evaluation in further prospective studies. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125428 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125427&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001401%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This review highlights the unique features of immune reconstitution following unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) that lead to heightened risk of infection-related mortality in the early post-UCBT period. There is no evidence that innate immunity is uniquely compromised after UCBT, but the development of antigen-specific cellular immunity is affected by numerical and qualitative deficits, primarily within the first 100 days. Nevertheless, beyond the first few months after UCBT there is no evidence for reduced graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) or anti-viral immunity compared to other hematopoietic cell therapy (HCT) modalities. Novel cellular therapies that are about to enter the clinical setting in the form of natural killer (NK) cell and T-cell therapies in the form of donor lymphocyte ... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125427 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125426&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001346%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The aims of this review are to summarize the relevant published literature regarding cord blood (CB) graft characteristics and their impact on transplantation outcomes, to present new analyses from patients transplanted with CB units from the New York Blood Center's National Cord Blood Program, and to propose new guidelines for prioritizing CB unit selection. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125426 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125425&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001425%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In October 1988, the world's first umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT) was performed. Despite considerable skepticism initially by both scientists and clinical specialists in the field, umbilical cord blood (UCB) has now become one of the most commonly used sources of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for allogeneic transplantation. Today, an estimated 600,000 UCB units have been banked and 20,000 UCB units have been distributed worldwide for both adults and children with life-threatening malignant and nonmalignant diseases. During this first generation of UCBT, substantial advances have been made resulting in better outcomes for our patients. UCB serves as an extraordinary example of translational medicine at its best, where clinical problems compel scientists to move basic discoveries i... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125425 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125424&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001437%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes October 24, 2008 marked the 20th anniversary of the first umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplant performed in Paris in a child with Fanconi anemia. Since that time, an estimated 20,000 transplants have been performed with about half in adults. Despite considerable early skepticism, UCB is now routinely and widely used. This edition of Seminars in Hematology was devoted to UCB because of the substantial accomplishments made in this field over the past two decades. Not only has UCB become an accepted source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for transplantation, new uses as lymphoid effector cells and non-hematopoietic stem cells promise to expand its application well beyond that of classic blood and marrow transplant. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125424 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3125423&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001462%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3125423 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:23:05 +0100 3125423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837298&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001103%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837298 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:59 +0100 2837298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837297&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837297 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:59 +0100 2837297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837296&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001152%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837296 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:59 +0100 2837296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837295&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001218%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837295 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:59 +0100 2837295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837294&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000985%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Anemia of chronic disease, also called anemia of inflammation, is characterized by hypoferremia due to iron sequestration that eventually results in iron-restricted erythropoiesis. During the last decade, the molecular mechanisms of iron sequestration have been found to center on cytokine-stimulated overproduction of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a particularly prominent inducer of hepcidin, but other cytokines are likely to contribute as well. Hepcidin excess causes the endocytosis and proteolysis of the sole known cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, trapping iron in macrophages and iron-absorbing enterocytes. The supply of iron to hemoglobin synthesis becomes limiting, eventually resulting in anemia. Depending on the details of t... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837294 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:59 +0100 2837294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837293&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001036%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by iron deficiency anemia unresponsive to oral iron treatment but partially responsive to parenteral iron therapy. IRIDA has recently been shown to be caused by mutations in the gene TMPRSS6, which encodes a transmembrane serine protease (also known as matriptase-2) expressed by the liver. IRIDA patients show inappropriately elevated levels of hepcidin, a circulating hormone produced by the liver that inhibits both iron absorption from the intestine and iron release from macrophage stores. Recent studies suggest that TMPRSS6 normally acts to downregulate hepcidin expression by cleaving hemojuvelin, a membrane-bound protein that promotes hepcidin signaling in hepatocytes. A discussion of the clin... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837293 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:58 +0100 2837293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837292&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001048%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Inherited sideroblastic anemia comprises several rare anemias due to heterogeneous genetic lesions, all characterized by the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow. This morphological aspect reflects abnormal mitochondrial iron utilization by the erythroid precursors. The most common X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA), due to mutations of the first enzyme of the heme synthetic pathway, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 (ALAS2), has linked heme deficiency to mitochondrial iron accumulation. The identification of other genes, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette B7 (ABCB7) and glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5), has strengthened the role of iron sulfur cluster biogenesis in sideroblast formation and revealed a complex interplay between pathways of mitochondrial iron uti... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837292 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:58 +0100 2837292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837291&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is the protein that allows elemental iron entry into the duodenal cell. It is expressed ubiquitously and it also allows the iron exit from the endosomes. This protein plays a central role in iron metabolism and it is strictly regulated. Several animal models elucidate its role in physiology. Recently three patients affected with DMT1 deficiency have been described. This recessively inherited condition appears at birth with severe microcytic anemia. Serum markers could be particularly useful to establish a correct diagnosis: high serum iron, normal total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), increased saturation of transferrin (Tf), slightly elevated ferritin, and increased soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Increased free erythrocyte protoporphyrins (FEPs) cou... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837291 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:58 +0100 2837291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837290&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001000%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Anemia of inflammation (AI) is a complex multi-organ response to inflammatory disorders. Because AI can result from many infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases, multiple mechanisms may contribute to its pathogenesis, including iron restriction, direct erythropoietic suppression, shortened red blood cell survival, and frank hemolysis. Animal models have been helpful in the study of the mechanisms of AI and its potential treatments, but each model reflects distinct aspects of this heterogeneous syndrome. It is therefore important to study a variety of models of AI. This review focuses on the use of infectious and noninfectious mouse models of inflammation that have been shown to manifest anemia. We review many of the models reported in the literature or developed in our laborato... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837290 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:58 +0100 2837290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837289&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000997%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The causes of iron deficiency vary significantly during different stages of life, and according to gender and socioeconomic circumstances. Although dietary iron is important, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is mostly attributed to blood loss and may be the presenting clinical feature of occult bleeding from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract heralding underlying malignancy. Conventional GI diagnostic workup fails to establish the cause of iron deficiency in about one third of patients. However, abnormal iron absorption caused by hereditary iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) or acquired disease is increasingly recognized as an important cause of unexplained iron deficiency. The recent availability of convenient, non-invasive screening methods to identify celiac disease, autoimmune atr... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837289 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:58 +0100 2837289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837288&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309001012%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Important advances in our understanding of iron metabolism have been made during the past 10 years, highlighting the mechanisms by which dysregulated iron homeostasis leads to hematologic, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the discovery of hepcidin and its fundamental role as the hormonal peptide regulating iron metabolism has delineated the organization of the complex network of proteins that regulates iron metabolism within the body. Maintenance of iron homeostasis is the consequence of tight coordination between iron absorption from the diet by enterocytes, and iron recycling by macrophages following degradation of senescent erythrocytes. Thus, any perturbation of these processes leads to a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from iron deficiency anemia to iron ov... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837288 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:58 +0100 2837288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2837287&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS003719630900105X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Progress in our understanding of iron metabolism over the last 10 years has been accompanied by important advances in defining the molecular mechanisms of dysregulated iron homeostasis. These advances have been relevant for a range of clinical manifestations, from states of iron deficiency to those of iron overload. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2837287 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 16:46:57 +0100 2837287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490478&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000900%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490478 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490477&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000924%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490477 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490476&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000912%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490476 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490475&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS003719630900081X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490475 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490474&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000882%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490474 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490473&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000651%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Despite significant advances in supportive care, infection remains second only to malignancy as a cause of death in pediatric oncology patients, and infection accounts for a large fraction of treatment-related costs. Multiple risk factors contribute to infection-related morbidity, chief among them the immunosuppressive effects of leukemia itself and of cytotoxic chemotherapy, prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic use, and loss of barrier integrity associated with mucositis and the need for indwelling central access. While viruses are the most common causes of infection, bacteria are responsible for most life-threatening complications. Gram-negative bacilli are a concern for all patients undergoing treatment, while a subset of gram-positive organisms, particularly viridans streptococci, ... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490473 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490472&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000602%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews immune suppression and recovery that occur after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, with changes in the epidemiology, and some of the recent advances that have been made in management of infectious complications. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490472 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490471&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000614%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infectious diseases are the leading causes of death in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Major changes have occurred in the spectrum of infections paralleling the changes in the treatment of MM. Bacteria (particularly gram-negative organisms) are the most frequent etiologic agents, and invasive fungal infections caused by molds (Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp.) have been increasingly reported. New infections have emerged with an increase in the intensity of the treatment of MM. Management of infections in MM patients must include recognition of the likely pathogens. Specific strategies of diagnosis, prophylaxis, and empirical and specific therapy are based on host factors and probable pathogens. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490471 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490470&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000638%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infection is a major cause of death in patients with aplastic anemia (AA). There are differences between the immunocompromised state of a patient with AA and the patient who is neutropenic due to chemotherapy and this leads to a difference in the infections that they incur. Prolonged neutropenia is one of the largest risk factors for the development of infections with the invasive mycoses and bacteria. Recovery from neutropenia is directly related to survival, and supportive care plays a large role in protection while the patient is in a neutropenic state. The most common invasive mycoses include the Aspergillus species, Zygomycetes, Candida spp., and Fusarium spp. Bacterial infections that are seen in patients with AA include gram-positive coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, Entero... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490470 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490469&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000572%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Fever represents the major surrogate of infection in neutropenic cancer patients. A number of neutropenic fever syndromes have been recognized, the causes and significance of which will vary depending upon the clinical context. First neutropenic fever syndromes are typically of bacterial origin, the character of which may be influenced by whether antibacterial chemoprophylaxis has been administered. Persistent neutropenic fevers are documented during the empirical systemic antibacterial therapy for the first neutropenic fever, the cause of which is likely outside the spectrum of activity of the initial therapy. Recrudescent neutropenic fevers, defined by the appearance of a new fever after defervescence of the first fever, are often a function of invasive fungal infection or gram-positive ... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490469 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490468&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS003719630900064X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The past decade has seen a surge in the development of a variety of molecular diagnostics designed to rapidly identify or characterize medically important microorganisms. We briefly review important advances in molecular microbiology, and then discuss specific assays that have been implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories throughout the country. We also discuss emerging methods and technologies that will soon be more widely used for the prompt and accurate detection of the agents of infectious diseases. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490468 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490467&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000596%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Advances in supportive care over the past two decades have decreased the morbidity and mortality attributed to opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, including those with hematologic malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and aplastic anemia. Despite advances in antiviral therapy, opportunistic viral infections such as influenza, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) still cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with compromised host defenses. Antiviral agents are key antimicrobials used for treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections in immunocompromised hosts. Currently, there are more than 40 antiviral agents approved for clinical use, but the majority of these agents are for the treatm... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490467 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490466&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000584%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews current approaches to prevention and treatment of opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with hematological disorders and discusses novel approaches to antifungal chemotherapy and adjunctive treatments. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490466 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490465&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000626%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes During the last decade, both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to most or all available antibacterial classes have become increasingly prevalent nosocomial pathogens, particularly among immunocompromised patients and those hospitalized in intensive care units. Among gram-positive bacteria, increasing concerns are posed for health care– and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). A spectrum of newer antibacterial agents has been developed for the treatment of multi-resistant gram-positive bacteria, such as linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin, and novel glycopeptides. Gram-negative bacteria have also developed multidrug resistance (MDR), ... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490465 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2490464&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000766%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infectious diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies, severe aplastic anemia (SAA), and myelodysplasia. Major advances in infectious diseases supportive care have been critical to improving the outcome of patients suffering from these life-threatening diseases. Advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of life-threatening infections have reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, and enabled the use of potentially curative chemotherapy, radiation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and immunosuppressive therapy to patients battling these devastating diseases. Despite these advances, the continued development of antimicrobial resistance, emergence of new pathogens, and the evolut... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2490464 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:43:55 +0100 2490464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479647&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000535%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479647 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479646&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000511%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479646 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479645&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS003719630900050X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479645 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479644&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000493%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479644 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479643&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000067%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the presence of osteolytic bone disease, renal impairment, anemia, and immune dysfunction. Adequate supportive care is considered an essential part of anti-myeloma therapy. The administration of bisphosphonates has been shown to reduce skeletal related events and hypercalcemia. Bisphosphonates are well tolerated, but preventive steps should be taken to avoid renal impairment and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Adequate pain control is of crucial importance for the quality of life of MM patients. Local radiotherapy may rapidly ameliorate symptoms of painful MM bone lesions, and vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are able to control symptoms and restore the original height of vertebral fractures. Symptomatic chemotherapy-induced anemia should preferentia... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479643 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479642&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000316%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The successful clinical development of thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide not only transformed the therapeutic management of multiple myeloma (MM) but also catalyzed a renewed interest in the development of additional classes of novel agents for this disease. This review focuses on a series of new therapeutics that have shown promising preclinical results, as well as encouraging safety profiles and early evidence of anti-MM activity in clinical studies, either alone or in combination with other, conventional or novel, anti-MM treatments. These agents include second-generation proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, as well as members of other therapeutic classes, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors, and the alkylphosphol... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479642 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479641&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000298%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue has been regarded as the standard of care for young newly diagnosed myeloma patients. Moreover, the development of new agents with potent anti-tumor activity has further improved survival. However, relapse is a continuous risk primarily due to the inability of current therapies to eradicate all myeloma cells. Allografting is the only potentially curative treatment at least for a subset of multiple myeloma patients due to its well documented graft-versus-myeloma effects. Given the high transplant mortality of the high-dose myeloablative conditionings used until recently, allografting has for a long time been limited to younger relapsed/refractory patients. These limitations have been reduced significantly by the use of reduced-intensit... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479641 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479640&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000055%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The introduction of several novel and active treatments and improvements in supportive care of myeloma patients has resulted in a prolongation of the survival of these patients. However, myeloma remains an incurable disease and almost all patients will relapse. Effective management of the relapsing/refractory disease incorporates several different strategies, depending on prior treatments, responses, and duration of responses, as well as residual toxicity, age, and physical condition. High-dose dexamethasone still has a role in the management of disease complications such as cytopenias, renal impairment, or spinal cord compression until another agent is added. High-dose therapy may be considered for selected patients who have a long-term treatment-free interval after their first transplant... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479640 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479639&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000304%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide (MPT) and melphalan-prednisone-bortezomib (MPV) currently appear to be the treatments of choice for a large proportion of elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). It seems certain that in the near future cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone, with an attenuated dose of dexamethasone (CTDa), and melphalan-prednisone-lenalidomide (MPR) will also be proved superior to MP, thus providing four therapeutic options in this patient group. These options could lead to more personalized treatment approaches, based on patient comorbidities, as the three novel agents have somewhat different toxicity profiles. MP would be appropriate for only a minority of patients with poor performance status and/or signific... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479639 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479638&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000341%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This review discusses the initial studies concerning the role of high-dose therapy (HDT) in multiple myeloma (MM) and gives the major conclusions drawn from this “historical period.” Later, current studies using new drugs for HDT (induction, conditioning regimen, consolidation, and maintenance) are described and the promising results of this strategy reported. Finally, the issue of HDT in the era of new drug regimens is discussed, as well as the necessity of designing future trials comparing HDT and new drug regimens. (Source: Seminars in Hematology) Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479638 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479637&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS003719630900033X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma has evolved rapidly. The choice of initial therapy depends on eligibility for stem cell transplantation, as well as baseline risk factors. Eligibility for transplantation is important since the choice of initial therapy is primarily melphalan-based in patients who are not candidates for transplant, while melphalan-containing regimens are avoided as induction therapy in transplant candidates. An assessment of risk based on independent prognostic markers is important mainly for prognosis but may have some value in choice of initial therapy. For example, bortezomib-based regimens may have particular value in patients with certain high-risk features. This review discusses the current status of front-line therapy in younger patients with myeloma who are ... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479637 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479636&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000328%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Multiple myeloma (MM) patients have a highly variable disease course and survival varies from a few months to more than 10 years. Numerous prognostic factors have been identified, including age, performance status (PS), serum albumin, β2-microglobulin (β2M), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), renal function, genetic factors, and serum free light chains (sFLCs) or their ratio (sFLCR). Several models have been built to separate patients into various risk groups with different outcomes. Staging systems need to be simple, accurate, and readily available in order to effectively guide treatment decisions now that effective treatments exist that prolong survival. The International Staging System (ISS) is currently in use; it is highly prognostic but presents some limitations. We suggest that the ISS ... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479636 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2479635&cid=s_38657_19_f&fid=38657&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seminhematol.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0037196309000468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell disorder, though progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis has identified mechanisms that have recently become targets of new agents with potent anti-myeloma activity such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors. These agents have led to a substantial improvement in the management of patients with MM and have increased their overall survival (OS). However, several questions remain unanswered: What is the best first-line regimen for myeloma patients? What is the best combination for relapsed/refractory disease? What is the role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the era of novel anti-myeloma agents? How can we improve the management of myeloma complications? In this issue of Seminars in Hematol... Seminars in Hematology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2479635 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2479635