Sleep and Biological Rhythms via MedWorm.com

Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy in Kayseri, Turkey: A hospital based survey

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is low in the general population in Turkey. To assess the prevalence of RLS in pregnancy, a hospital-based survey assessing symptoms of RLS and other sleep problems was performed through face-to-face interviews and physical examination on 983 pregnant women from 11 hospitals in the two urban and four suburban areas of Kayseri, Turkey, at the time of delivery and 6 months after delivery. RLS is diagnosed clinically by means of the four essential criteria of the International RLS Study Group. A total of 103 women reported the occurrence of RLS symptoms during pregnancy, giving an RLS prevalence rate of 10.48%, with presence of symptoms more than three times per month, which decreased to 2.9% after 6 months. A significant relationship was observe...

Shift-work research: Where do we stand, where should we go?

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Shift-work seriously affects the health and well-being of millions of people worldwide, and the number of shift workers is constantly rising (currently approximately 20% of the workforce). While some effects are acute, others lead to chronic syndromes that persist after retirement. Though health problems in shift workers are well established, we still do not properly understand the causal mechanisms underlying shift-work's effects on health. One reason may be the heterogeneity in shift-work research design and methodology, rendering comparison between studies difficult or even impossible. Shift-work also involves a multitude of interacting factors, and we do not yet fully understand many of these interactions. Interindividual differences between workers are central predictors for health. A...

Usp46, encoding a ubiquitin specific peptidase, is a quantitative trait gene underlying "behavioral despair" in mice

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CS mice exhibit several distinct phenotypes of circadian behavioral rhythms and sleep properties. Because many mental illnesses are associated with abnormalities in the circadian rhythms and sleep pattern, we characterized the behavioral phenotypes in CS mice with a battery of behavioral tests. Among these phenotypes, we found that CS mice exhibit an extremely low immobility time in both the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). To uncover the genetic basis for lower immobility time, we first performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using CS and C57BL/6J mice, which revealed significant QTLs on chromosomes (Chrs) 4 (FST) and 5 (TST and FST). To identify the quantitative trait gene on Chr 5, we narrowed the QTL interval to 0.5 Mb using several congenic and subco...

Temperature-insensitive reaction in the mammalian circadian clock

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The striking feature of the circadian clock is its flexible yet robust response to various environmental conditions. A chemical-biological approach with 1260 pharmacologically active compounds identified "potent" compounds that markedly (>10 SD) lengthened the period. Most inhibited casein kinase I[epsilon] (CKI[epsilon]) phosphorylation of the PER2 protein. By examining period extending effect and PER2 degradation inhibition of the 10 potent compounds, we verified the CKI[epsilon]-dependent phosphorylation as a period-determining process. Moreover, the CKI[epsilon]-dependent phosphorylation was temperature-insensitive in living clock cells. This temperature-insensitivity was preserved in the CKI[epsilon]-dependent phosphorylation of a synthetic peptide in vitro. In addition, overexpressio...

Limits of single-cell autonomy in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain, responsible for coordinating circadian (ca 24 h) rhythms throughout the body. When individual SCN neurons are dispersed in low density culture, they generate independent circadian oscillations in neuronal firing rate. This observation has led to the widely accepted conclusion that single SCN neurons are autonomous circadian oscillators. More recent studies using bioluminescence imaging to monitor rhythms of clock gene expression have indicated that fibroblasts, too, are autonomous circadian oscillators. But does this mean that the fibroblast should "replace the SCN as the in vitro model of choice"? On the contrary, the SCN is much more than a population of independent cellular oscillators. SCN funct...

Chronostatic adaptations in the liver to restricted feeding: The FEO as an emergent oscillator

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We propose that the mammalian timing system is formed by constitutive clocks, such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and emerging clocks build up from the coordinated activity of peripheral oscillators, such as the food entrained oscillator (FEO). This timing system underlies a general regulatory process that modulates the set point of physiological variables in a periodic manner known as chronostasis. In contrast to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the FEO is a distributed system formed by different brain areas such as the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus and the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, and peripheral organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and some endocrine glands. Central to the notion of FEO as an emerging oscillator is the establishment of a series...

Nocturnal premature ventricular complexes in a young woman with respiratory effort-related arousals

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report a young female with snoring and daytime sleepiness who exhibited frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) primarily during non-rapid eye movement sleep. She was underweight and suspected to have respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) based on polysomnographic data. The presence of autonomic instability and alternating conducting system provoked by repetitive markedly negative intrathoracic pressure was assumed to be precipitating PVCs. Follow-up polysomnography after oral appliance therapy showed reduced PVCs. The results suggest that a careful evaluation of polysomonographic data is warranted when RERA is suspected as an underlying mechanism for nocturnal PVCs even in non-obese patients. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Self-reported long sleep in older adults is closely related to objective time in bed

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Although self-reported long sleep is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, little is known about the objective sleep patterns and daytime functioning of long sleepers, particularly those aged [ge]50 years. Our primary aim was to compare the objective and subjective sleep patterns of a sample (n= 35) of middle- to older-aged adults who reported sleeping [ge]8.5 h per night. A secondary aim was to characterize the mood and functioning of the sample. Over a 2-week period, sleep was recorded via actigraphy and a daily diary. Sleepiness was assessed daily. At the conclusion of the 2-week period, daytime sleepiness, mood, and quality of life were assessed. Measures of sleep and functioning were compared with available representative data. In the sample, actigraphic total sleep time ...

Practitioners of vipassana meditation exhibit enhanced slow wave sleep and REM sleep states across different age groups

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Intense meditation practices influence brain functions in different ways and at different levels. Earlier studies have shown that meditation practices help to organize sleep[ndash]wake behavior. In the present study, we evaluated the sleep architecture of vipassana meditators across different age groups. Whole-night polysomnography was carried out in healthy male subjects between 30 and 60 years of age from control (n= 46) and meditation (n= 45) groups. They were further divided into younger- (30[ndash]39 years), middle- (40[ndash]49 years), and older-aged (50[ndash]60 years) groups. Sleep variables were evaluated from subjects who had a sleep efficiency index more than 85%. The sleep architecture of vipassana meditators was different from that of control groups. Vipassana meditators showe...

Top-down modeling of hierarchical biological clock mechanisms

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The behavior of human circadian rhythms could be interpreted within the two-oscillator regime: one for the circadian pacemaker driving temperature/plasma melatonin rhythm and the other for the sleep[ndash]wake rhythm, tentatively called the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) oscillator and non-SCN oscillator, respectively. Recently, the existence of the non-SCN oscillator was demonstrated through showing the possibility of non-photic entrainments by the shifted sleep schedule, and its interactions with the SCN oscillator were disclosed through analyzing the re-entrainment processes. Based on these experimental results at the behavioral level, we developed a phase oscillator model consisting of mutually coupled SCN and non-SCN oscillators, and an extra-oscillator representing an overt sleep[ndas...

Role of PPARα in control of torpor through FGF21–NPY pathway: From circadian clock genes to seasonal change and cardiovascular disease

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In nature, hibernating animals experience fasting, cold temperature, and short day seasonally. Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually characterized by a reduced body temperature and rate of metabolism to adapt to such a severe environment. Ablation of the central clock synchronizer, the suprachiasmatic nucleus in brain, abolishes torpor, a hibernation-like state, implicating the circadian clock involved in this seasonal change. Biologists know well that the energy source of daily heterotherms/hibernators change from glucose to lipids in winter. Here we review several lines of evidence of a master transcriptional regulator in lipid catabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [alpha] (PPAR[alpha]), in the control of torpor through the fibroblas...

Restricted feeding-induced entrainment of activity rhythm and peripheral clock rhythm

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Daily restricted feeding entrains the circadian rhythm of mouse clock gene expression in the central nervous system excluding the suprachiasmatic nucleus, as well as in the peripheral tissues such as the liver, lungs, and heart. In addition to entrainment of the clock gene, daily restricted feeding induces a locomotor activity increase 2[ndash]3 h before the restricted feeding time. The increase of activity is called the food anticipatory activity (FAA). At present, the mechanisms for restricted feeding-induced entrainment are still unknown. In this review, we describe the role of the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in FAA performance and also in entrainment of clock gene expression. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Impact of age on human non-visual responses to light

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Ageing is associated with increased disturbances in the timing, duration, and quality of sleep. These disruptions may reflect changes in the circadian timing system and/or the sleep homeostat which are both necessary to produce consolidated sleep at an appropriate time. In addition, it is possible that age-related alterations in the detection and transmission of the photic signal responsible for synchronizing the circadian clock may play a role. Ageing is accompanied by many changes within the eye including alterations in pupil size, lens transmission, and number of photoreceptors. The observed increase in ocular lens density with age will diminish the transmission of short wavelength blue light to which the circadian system has been shown to be most sensitive, and may contribute, in part,...

Molecular mechanisms of circadian timekeeping in Drosophila

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Molecular and genetic studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have revealed that the circadian timekeeping mechanism is based on feedback loops in gene expression. These feedback loops, which are highly conserved in mammals, can be divided into temporally distinct transcriptional activation, repression, and reactivation phases. Determining how different phases of the transcriptional feedback cycle are controlled and integrated is necessary to understand the molecular basis of circadian timekeeping. In Drosophila, feedback loop function is initiated when hypophosphorylated CLOCK (CLK) forms a heterodimer with CYCLE (CYC) and binds E-boxes to activate transcription of clock genes including period (per), timeless (tim), vrille (vri), PAR domain protein 1[epsilon] (Pdp1[epsilon]), and...

CIPC-dependent phosphorylation of CLOCK and NPAS2 in circadian clockwork

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Circadian rhythms are generated by the cell-autonomous circadian clock, in which the clock genes form a transcription/translation-based negative feedback loop. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS (Period-Arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-Single minded) transcription factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, form a complex and bind to E-box elements for activation of the transcription, which is suppressed by circadian binding with a variety of negative regulators. We found that CLOCK protein is mostly kept in the phosphorylated form over the day and is hyperphosphorylated in the suppression phase of E-box-dependent transcription. Ser38, Ser42, and Ser427 were identified as in vivo phosphorylation sites of CLOCK isolated from the mouse liver nuclei, and mutation analysis of the sites revealed that...

Symposia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 23 Sep 2009 16:50:39 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

RNA interference is a powerful tool for chronobiological study in the cricket

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Circadian rhythms are periodic phenomena recurring with a period of about 24 h that are observed in a variety of physiological functions. The rhythms are driven by an endogenous timing system involving the circadian clock. While recent molecular studies promoted understanding the oscillatory mechanism of the clock in model organisms such as Drosophila, its applicability to other insects still remains to be examined. RNA interference (RNAi) becomes a powerful method to dissect the clock and clock-related mechanisms in non-model insects. Crickets are particularly suitable for the application of RNAi, because a single injection of a clock gene dsRNA has long-lasting effects both on mRNA and behavioral rhythms. In this review, we introduce our current approach to the circadian clock as well as...

Circadian regulation of olfaction and olfactory learning in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Olfaction is a dominant sensory cue in both vertebrates and invertebrates and, particularly in insects, it often provides critical information utilized in a variety of well-studied behaviors including reproduction, feeding, host-identification, and intra-specific competition. Here I review recent studies on circadian regulation of olfactory receptors and olfactory behaviors in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. Cockroaches exhibit a robust circadian rhythm in the olfactory response of the antenna, measured by electroantennogram or single-sensillum recording, to both food-related odors and sex pheromone components. Interestingly, peak olfactory sensitivity occurs in the early subjective day, a time when the animals are inactive. These data raise the question of what impact the rhythms in olf...

Author Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

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Poster presentations

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

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Oral presentations

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

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Hastatoside and verbenalin are sleep-promoting components in Verbena officinalis

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we examined the sleep-promoting activity of hastatoside, verbenalin, and verbascoside, which are the major iridoids (hastatoside and verbenalin) and polyphenol (verbascoside) components responsible for the pharmacological activity of V. officinalis, by electroencephalographic analysis of rats after oral administration of the compounds. Hastatoside (0.64 mmol/kg of body weight) and verbenalin (1.28 mmol/kg of body weight) increased the total time of non-rapid eye movement sleep during a 9-h period from 23.00 to 08.00 hours by 81% and 42%, respectively, with a lag time of about 3[ndash]5 h after the administration at 20.00 hours (lights-off time). Both compounds also increased the delta activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep. However, verbascoside had no effect on the am...

Epidemiological study of nightmare and sleep paralysis among Japanese adolescents

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Mon, 03 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we have elucidated the prevalence of and factors associated with nightmares and sleep paralysis in Japanese adolescents. We conducted a survey of first-year senior high school students by employing self-administered questionnaires about nightmare and sleep paralysis. All the subjects were first-year students (1164) from three private high schools. The responses of the remaining 916 subjects (568 boys and 348 girls) were considered valid. We found that in Japanese adolescents, the current prevalence of nightmares is 27.4%, and that of sleep paralysis is 7.2%. The lifetime prevalence of sleep paralysis is 30.4%. Results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed factors associated with nightmare and sleep paralysis. With regard to nightmares, the adjusted odds ratio...

Efficacy study of a vest-type device for positional therapy in position dependent snorers

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, positional therapy using the recently developed vest-type device is effective at decreasing snoring without subjective and objective adverse effects in position-dependent snorers with or without mild obstructive sleep apnea. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Efficacy and safety of temperature data loggers in measuring compliance with the use of oral appliances

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to verify the cytotoxicity of a temperature data logger (Thermochron iButton, DS1921G; Maxim, Dallas, TX, USA) and to show the clinical use of such loggers in measuring compliance with oral appliances (OA). In the first experimental study (in vitro cytotoxicity test), we used Testskin (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) to examine the influence on cytotoxicity caused by use of a temperature data logger (Thermochron) in a human dermal tissue model. The cytotoxicity of extracted fluid in which Thermochron was immersed was calculated and only minimal cytotoxic effects were observed. In the second study, six patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome were studied to determine compliance with OA use. Thermochron was attached to the surface of the appliance on the b...

Excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea patients after home CPAP treatment: A long-term outcome study

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Previous studies have been inconclusive about the improvement in excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. One hundred and thirty-one obstructive sleep apnea patients, who were on regular home CPAP treatment, were investigated with an overnight polysomnography and daytime multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Their Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores and mean sleep latencies (MSL) before and after treatment were compared. With a mean duration of CPAP treatment for 3.4 ± 2.4 years, improvement in both ESS (12.8 to 9.95) and MSLT (7.32 to 8.92 min) were found (P < 0.001). Residual EDS was found in 38.5% (20 out of 52) and 66.2% (51 out of 77) of subjects, measured by ESS ([ge]14) and MSL ([le]8 min), respectively. Higher body mass index w...

Effects of habitual self-awakening on nocturnal sleep, autonomic activity prior to awakening, and subjective condition after awakening

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sat, 23 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Some people habitually wake up at a certain time every morning, in the absence of an external signal. People who are engaged in this "habitual self-awakening" reportedly feel better upon awakening and are subsequently less sleepy during the daytime. The present study examined the effects of habitual self-awakening on sleep structure and autonomic nervous system activity before awakening, and on mood after awakening. Data were analyzed from 11 university students who successfully awoke within 30 min of the target time in the self-awakening condition. These same students also participated in a forced-awakening condition. All-night sleep structure for the successful self-awakening night was not different from that observed on the forced-awakening night. However, sleep efficiency decreased, an...

A retrospective analysis of 4000 patients with obstructive sleep apnea in Okinawa, Japan

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 10 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The causes and risks of death, and role of severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, and pulmonary function (PF) in OSA patients treated with or without continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) have been questioned. Using the Okinawa Nakamura Sleep (ONSLEEP) registry, we studied 4000 patients with an obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of >5 events/h. Kaplan[ndash]Meier analysis determined survival rates based on use of CPAP therapy and OSA severity. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis determined effects of AHI, body mass index (BMI), PF, and use of CPAP. A total of 135 deaths (3.4%) were registered at the end of follow-up period (62.0 ± 43.4 months, mortality rate 8 per 1000 patient-years). Main causes of death were cardiovascular diseases. Multivariate predictor...

Effects of red ginseng extract on sleep architecture and electroencephalogram power spectra in rats

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 07 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

We evaluated the ability of the ethanol extract of red ginseng (RGE) to regulate sleep architecture. Adult rats were chronically fitted with sleep[ndash]wake recording electrodes. Following post-surgical recovery, rats were habituated extensively to freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep[ndash]wake activities were recorded for 12 h after RGE administration. Ginseng treatment produced more time in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and total sleep. The total percentage of wakefulness decreased comparably, and the number of sleep[ndash]wake cycles was reduced after 10 and 50 mg/kg RGE. RGE (10 mg/kg) administration decreased the power density of cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) [delta]-waves (0.75[ndash]4.5 Hz) and increased [alpha]-waves (...

Sleep patterns and sleep problems among Egyptian school children living in urban, suburban, and rural areas

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, sleep duration was shorter than that reported in previous studies. Sleep problems are fairly common among elementary school children in the Giza governorate, whether in urban, suburban, or rural areas. Paternal level of education has an impact on the prevalence of sleep problems. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: An update

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The primary symptom of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs) is the inability to sleep during the desired sleep time. CRSDs are divided into two broad classes: (i) disorders not related to forced alterations of the sleep[ndash]wake schedule or light[ndash]dark cycle (including advanced sleep phase disorder [ASPD], delayed sleep phase disorder [DSPD], non-entrained type [NET], and irregular sleep[ndash]wake rhythm [ISWR]); and (ii) disorders related to forced alterations of the sleep[ndash]wake schedule or light[ndash]dark cycle (including shift work sleep disorder [SWSD], jet lag disorder [JLD], and CRSDs related to diseases and medications). DSPD and ASPD are the common primary circadian rhythm disorders. We discuss the recent developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management...

Clinical effects of high oral dose of donepezil for patients with Alzheimer's disease in Japan

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 08 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Donepezil 10 mg/day gained approval in Japan in August 2007 for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in advanced Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of donepezil when the dose was increased to 10 mg/day in 61 Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) on the day before starting, and at 4, 8, and 24 weeks after starting donepezil 10 mg/day. The relationship with apolipoprotein E4 was also investigated. The HDS-R and MMSE scores were not statistically significantly different at any time after starting donepezil 10 mg/day. It can be anticipated that donepezil 10 mg/day will especially inhibit deterioration of cognitive function in advanc...

Absence of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in narcolepsy

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sat, 04 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we screened for anti-AQP4 antibodies in sera from 251 patients with narcolepsy, 34 with other hypersomnias, and 200 healthy controls by using the radioligand binding assay method. A positive result for anti-AQP4 antibodies was found only in one healthy control subject. All the hypersomnia patients were negative for this antibody. Our results indicated that anti-AQP4 antibody is not useful as a diagnostic marker for narcolepsy and other hypersomnias. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Emergence of the circadian sleep–wake rhythm might depend on conception not on birth timing

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Developmental changes in the sleep[ndash]wake rhythm of preterm infants were compared with those of full-term infants, to clarify the timing of the developmental change of the sleep[ndash]wake rhythm and its dependence on either conception or birth timing. We obtained sleep log data for two preterm infants, and compared these with previous data gathered from 10 full-term infants over a period from 2 weeks after birth to 3 months after their expected delivery dates. Infant sleep logs were analyzed with the autocorrelation method to investigate the development of the circadian rhythm in each infant's sleep patterns during each weekly session. We then classified the patterns of correlograms into three groups using cluster analysis. The first group (pattern A) showed little evidence of any cir...

Announcement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

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Restless legs syndrome in a 5-year-old boy with low body stores of iron

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 12 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 5-year-old preschooler with RLS, who presented with an uncomfortable sensation in his toes before bedtime and insomnia. Blood tests showed reduced iron stores (serum ferritin, 15.9 ng/mL). The subjective symptoms and a maternal history of RLS were consistent with pediatric RLS. Iron supplement therapy resulted in improvement in the leg sensation and subjective daytime alertness. We recommend detailed evaluation of iron status in preschoolers with suspected RLS. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Evaluation of the usefulness of the SleepStrip for screening obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in Japan

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 08 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

In order to assess the usefulness of the SleepStrip (SS) in screening for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in Japanese settings, we measured its sensitivity and specificity against the reference standard diagnostic full-night polysomnography (FN-PSG) using a real-life timeline, and compared them to that of the simultaneously applied pulse oximeter (PO), a routinely used OSAHS screener in Japan. A total of 110 consecutive subjects with the symptoms of OSAHS underwent simultaneous SS and PO screening tests followed by a diagnostic FN-PSG within 7 weeks, a common time frame for accessing PSG in Japan. Data for 83 subjects were available for the final analysis. We analyzed both SS and PO output data as a standalone screening parameter, without combining it with other predictor...

The effects of a 30-min nap during night shift following a prophylactic sleep in the afternoon

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 30-min nap, during a simulated night shift environment, when a prophylactic daytime sleep was implemented prior to the night shift. A repeated-measures counterbalanced design was used which included two experimental conditions: a 30-min nap and a no nap control. In both conditions subjects obtained a 2-h sleep in the afternoon from 15.00[ndash]17.00 hours, which was followed by the night-time nap from 02.30[ndash]03.00 hours in a controlled laboratory environment. Post-nap testing was conducted from 03.10 to 07.00 hours. The participants included 22 adults aged from 18[ndash]35 years who were good sleepers and did not regularly nap. Subjective alertness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Visual Analog Scale...

Good esthetic results after modified maxillomandibular advancement for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 22 Jan 2009 04:10:32 +0100

Recently, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is commonly treated conservatively, in particular with continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliance. However, these methods provide only symptomatic relief, and compliance is low. On the other hand, various types of surgical treatment for OSAS have been reported, and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is one of the best established and most effective surgical therapies available to improve this condition. However, a major disadvantage of this method is that advancement of the maxilla-mandibular component sometimes has undesired esthetic results. We encountered a 36-year-old woman with a gummy smile and mandibular deficiency. Cephalometric analysis before surgery revealed a narrow upper airway, and polysomnography showed an apnea-...

How is autonomic nervous system activity in subjects who are sleepy but are unable to sleep in the daytime?

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 20 Jan 2009 04:01:32 +0100

We investigated changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the relaxed condition in subjects who felt sleepy, but were unable to sleep. A total of 1021 subjects underwent daytime polysomnography. The sleep latency (SL) and the visual analog scale (VAS) were used to assess "immediate" objective and subjective sleepiness, respectively. The subjects were assigned to an "Alert-Alert" group (VAS [le] 25 mm, SL [ge] 8 min), a "Sleepy-Alert" group (VAS [ge] 75 mm, SL [ge] 8 min), or a "Sleepy-Sleepy" group (VAS [ge] 75 mm, SL [le] 4 min). In order to assess the ANS, the spectral analysis and the geometric method were used. The ANS data collected during the relaxed condition (after lights off, post-LO) was compared to that obtained during the control condition (before lights ...

The relationship between subjective sleep disturbance and complexity of 24-hour activity utilizing fractal theory in psychiatric inpatients

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 18 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Human activity is very complex, so the assumptions employed when analyzing models do not give fully satisfactory results. Fractal theory made possible the quantification of the complexity of objects in terms of fractal dimension (FD). We revealed a correlation between the pattern of 24-h activity and subjective sleep disturbance using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Seven men and 13 women who are inpatients suffering from psychiatric disorders participated in this study. Wrist activity was monitored with an actigraph for 24 h. The data sampling period was 1 min and the data were transferred to a PC for fractal analysis. Statistically fractal features were observed in the data pattern of each subject. The FD (mean ± SD) of the actigraph data curve in total was 1.92 ± 0.0419. Th...

Newly developed waist actigraphy and its sleep/wake scoring algorithm

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 18 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to formulate an algorithm for assessing sleep/waking from activity intensities measured with a waist-worn actigraphy, the Lifecorder PLUS (LC; Suzuken Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan), and to test the validity of the algorithm. The study consisted of 31 healthy subjects (M/F = 20/11, mean age 31.7 years) who underwent one night of simultaneous measurement of activity intensity by LC and polysomnography (PSG). A sleep(S)/wake(W) scoring algorithm based on a linear model was determined through discriminant analysis of activity intensities measured by LC over a total of 235 h and 56 min and the corresponding PSG-based S/W data. The formulated S/W scoring algorithm was then used to score S/W during the monitoring epochs (2 min each, 7078 epochs in total) for each subject....

Pathogenetic heterogeneity of restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sun, 18 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100

In order to clarify the pathogenetic heterogeneity of restless legs syndrome (RLS), we compared the clinical characteristics of RLS between six patients with young-onset Parkinson's Disease (PD) and 30 with elderly-onset PD. Young-onset PD showed longer periods from the onset of PD to that of RLS than elderly-onset PD, despite a similar severity between the two groups. The rate of subjects with disappearance of RLS at the follow-up observations was significantly higher in the former group. These results suggested that RLS in young-onset PD could be milder and more transient than that in elderly-onset PD. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Subject Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

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Author Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Adolescent napping behavior: Dysfunctional cognitions and negative affect

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

This study compared the dysfunctional cognitions and negative affect of adolescent nappers and non-nappers. Participants were 231 adolescents (mean age, 17.7 years) who completed sleep, cognition, and negative affect questionnaires. Adolescent nappers demonstrated significantly more dysfunctional cognitions (P = 0.01), anxiety (P < 0.01), and stress symptoms (P < 0.01), when compared to non-nappers. In contrast, no significant difference was found for depression (P = 0.18). Furthermore, adolescent nappers with more severe dysfunctional cognitions demonstrated greater negative affect (all P < 0.05). The present study is one of the first to demonstrate a link between adolescent napping, dysfunctional cognitions, and negative affect. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Electroencephalogram activity before self-awakening

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

It has been reported that self-awakening, the ability to awaken without using an alarm at a predetermined time, can reduce sleep inertia immediately after awakening. To clarify the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying this effect, electroencephalogram activity was analyzed for 90 min before awakening on forced- and self-awakening nights for eight participants (21[ndash]23 years). The results showed that sigma band power, which reflects sleep spindle activity, gradually decreased during sleep stage 2 before awakening under self-awakening conditions. The previous finding that sleep spindles are involved in the function of maintaining sleep suggests that self-awakening can reduce this function before awakening, thereby attenuating sleep inertia. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Analysis of non-REM sleep staging with electroencephalography bispectral index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The present study provides results in an early sleep period for non-REM stage correlation with bispectral index (BIS) values. The purpose of the study was to assess the applicability of an objective procedure to monitor sleep. Nine healthy subjects (mean age: 25.0 ± 4.4; 1 female) were recruited for the study without history of any neurological, psychiatric, or sleep-related disorders. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals from 30 electrodes referenced to linked earlobe electrodes, and electrooculography (EOG) and electromyography (EMG) activities were recorded. BIS recording was performed simultaneously with EEG recording. Because that the current study is related to non-REM sleep, corresponding to the first sleep cycle, approximately 90 min of data was processed both for BIS and EEG data...

Restless legs syndrome is related to difference in tibial muscle tone in the evening, late at night, and morning

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

In this study the measurement test included a 20-minute lying period in the supine position before the measurement was made. The patient was lying on the bed with his or her legs stretched out and relaxed. MYO measurements indicated that the frequency of damped oscillation in the tibial muscle in RLS patient (19.2 ± 3.1 Hz) is higher than in normal subjects (14.8 ± 1.2 Hz); P < 0.001. The study indicated that tissue stiffness of the tibial muscle in RLS patients increases in the evening and late at night while it decreased in the normal subjects. The neurological mechanism why the tone of the tibial muscles increases during midnight in idiopathic RLS patients could be related to the dysfunction of the dopamine system of RLS patients, but the mechanism is not fully clear as yet. (Source: ...

Performance prediction by sleepiness-related subjective symptoms during 26-hour sleep deprivation

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Sleepiness is a major cause of lower productivity and higher risk of accidents in various work situations. Developing sleepiness monitoring techniques is important to improve work efficiency and to reduce accident risk, so that people can take a rest/break in appropriate timing before an accident or a mistake occurs. The aims of the present study are (1) to explain subjective sleepiness using sleep-related symptoms, and (2) to examine which symptoms are useful to predict performance errors. Participants were healthy paid volunteers (six males, six females; mean ± SD, 31.5 ± 10.74 years). Participants took part in 26-h sleep deprivation. During sleep deprivation, they carried out several performance tasks every 3 h and an hourly rating of questionnaires to evaluate subjective symptoms inc...

Diurnal variation of physical and mental fatigue

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Diurnal effects on fatigue are well established. However, evidence exists that fatigue can be subdivided into physical and mental components. Diurnal effects on these subcomponents of fatigue are not known. The present study served to investigate diurnal influences on physical and mental signs of fatigue. A number of self-report measures of sleepiness, and physical and mental signs of fatigue were employed, including a specially developed questionnaire designed to assess current feelings of physical and mental fatigue. The responses from 40 subjects were assessed in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. Sleepiness as well as physical and mental signs of fatigue decreased from morning to evening. Indicators of physical and mental fatigue only differed at noon, with higher ratings of men...

An investigation of the dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Australian adults

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely used to assess subjective sleep quality in clinical and non-clinical settings. Although the PSQI is routinely scored to provide a single sleep quality factor, two recent studies suggest that multiple factor scoring methods could be more appropriate. As a consequence, the present study investigated for the dimensionality and factor structure of the PSQI in 364 Australian adults aged 18 to 59 years. The results demonstrate that two factor and three factor scoring models were favored statistically over the single factor model. These results add to recent findings and suggest that scoring the PSQI in relation to multiple factors could facilitate the assessment of sleep problems, which are increasingly common in society. (Source: Sleep and Bio...

Continuous recording of autonomic nervous activity at nighttime effectively explains subjective sleep reports in postmenopausal women

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

To investigate the effect of nocturnal autonomic nervous activity on subjective sleep reports, a combined recording using an actigraph and a wristwatch-type pulse wave sensor was carried out. The participants included 19 healthy menopausal women (mean age: 57.3 ± 3.85 years) without menopausal syndrome. Total sleep time (TST) and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) data were acquired from the actigraph. Indices of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity (high frequency [HF] and percentile of low frequency [%LF]) during sleep were calculated by the pulse frequency demodulation method. Subsequently, we investigated the correlations between the averaged values and the subjective report (OSA-MA) scores that were obtained on waking. The strong relationship between the subjective sleep ...

Progressive changes in sleep electroencephalogram dynamics in the rat barrel cortex associated with long-term alternation of sensory input activities

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Sleep is suggested to be involved in the development and maintenance of neural networks. We investigated how long-term alternation of somatosensory input activities affects electroencephalogram (EEG) dynamics of adult rats during non-REM sleep (NREM). Power spectral densities of NREM EEG activity were analyzed for 10 days under the alternation of sensory input activities caused by unilateral whisker clipping. The progressive reduction of the delta power of the inactivated side of the barrel cortex relative to the activated side was found in terms of the daily mean. This extends our previous study in which only the initial 4-h data in every light period was analyzed. In addition, the circadian variation in power spectral densities of NREM EEG activities in the barrel and visual cortices was...

Status of narcolepsy-related information available on the Internet in Japan and its effective use

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Narcolepsy patients often access the Internet using key words mostly consisting of common symptoms in order to further learn about their disease. Although information from diverse sources floods the Internet, the quality of narcolepsy-related information appears to have improved, and harmful information does not often enter the top access rankings. Narcolepsy patients consider the information available on the Internet as being useful and wish to know more about new treatments, drugs, and the situation of other narcolepsy patients. The time from the onset of the symptoms to a definitive diagnosis has been significantly shorter in patients using the Internet compared to those who have not used it (8.8 vs 19.8 years). From this point of view, we believe that the Internet plays an important ro...

Sleepiness in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

This study examined sleepiness and sleep-related factors using polysomnography. This cohort-controlled, ethics-approved, pilot study compared 12 MS patients, divided into two groups (with and without daytime sleepiness [ndash] assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Fatigue Severity Scale, and Fatigue Impact Scale), with 14 controls presenting for assessment of fatigue. All underwent polysomnography, with MS patients also undergoing multiple sleep latency testing, drug screening, and expanded disability-status scale evaluation. Statistical analysis used non-parametric comparisons. Based on the ESS, with the cut-off being [le]9, the two subgroups of MS patients were well matched for all criteria except sleepiness. Comparison between the 12 MS patients and 14 controls showed statis...

Preface

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Wed, 01 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Symposia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 02 Sep 2008 07:11:18 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Author Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Poster Presentations

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Oral Presentations

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Prevalence of complex sleep apnea syndrome in Japan

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Though complex sleep apnea syndrome (compSAS) has recently been recognized as a new category of sleep apnea syndrome, its prevalence has not been determined, especially in Japan. Hence, we surveyed the prevalence of compSAS in Japan from the data of 4582 patients at eight sleep institutes who were diagnosed with obstructive SAS (apnea[ndash]hypopnea index [AHI] > 20). Using Morgenthaler's criteria we diagnosed as compSAS in 194 patients with a larger proportion of cardiac patients than in all titrated patients. Thus, the prevalence of compSAS in Japan was estimated to be 4.2%. We concluded that compSAS is an interesting condition but is not frequently found in Japan. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Pattern of slow-wave sleep in afternoon naps

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

A short daytime nap of less than 30 min can prevent later sleepiness. However, severe sleep inertia often occurs after awakening from slow[ndash]wave sleep (SWS). The present study examined the appearance pattern of SWS during daytime hours. Polysomnograms of university students (n = 101) showed that SWS did not appear during a nap of less than 15 min, but did appear at least 9 min after the first sleep spindle. These results suggest that a short nap (less than 15 min) does not produce sleep inertia. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Adolescent napping behavior: Comparisons of school week versus weekend sleep patterns

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

This study explored adolescents' napping behavior by comparing weekly sleep patterns with non-nappers. Older adolescents (n = 231) completed sleep questionnaires. Approximately 32% napped on average 4 times/week, typically around 16.00 hours. Nappers had a significantly delayed sleep timing compared to non-nappers (P < 0.0001). Although both nappers and non-nappers obtained more sleep on weekends by sleeping in (P < 0.0001), the data suggest that most nappers appear to catch up on school-week sleep debt by not only sleeping in on weekends, but by also napping during the school week. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease patient worsened by changing medication between same types of dopamine agonists

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

A 67-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease (PD) was being treated with cabergoline. Her excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) worsened and sleep episodes appeared one week after her medication was changed to pergolide. We speculate that the cause was the change in dopamine agonists that caused a difference in the affinities of the dopamine receptors that affect the sleep[ndash]wake mechanism, or an individual difference in sensitivity to dopamine agonists. In treating PD it is necessary to attend to the appearance of sleep episodes or worsening EDS when changing medication from a dopamine agonist to the same type of ergot dopamine agonist. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleeping-in on the weekend delays circadian phase and increases sleepiness the following week

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Many individuals tend to sleep-in later over the weekend, possibly in an attempt to catch up on accumulated sleep loss from the working week. Previous studies have found that delaying bedtime and waking-up time (WUT) results in a delayed circadian rhythm and a decline in subsequent mood and cognitive functioning. The present study investigated the effect of delaying only WUT for two weekend mornings on the timing of the dim light melatonin onset circadian rhythm (DLMO), as well as sleep, daytime sleepiness and fatigue. In a repeated measures design with 16 participants, the delayed weekend WUT condition (DS) was compared with a weekend in which they kept their habitual weekday WUT (HS). On average, participants in the DS condition delayed their weekend WUT by about 3 h. When compared to th...

Algorithm for sleep scoring in experimental animals based on fast Fourier transform power spectrum analysis of the electroencephalogram

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

We developed a simple computer-based, sleep scoring algorithm that categorizes three vigilance states of rats and mice as wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, based on fast Fourier transform analyses of an electroencephalogram (EEG) classified in the frequency bands of [delta] (0.75[ndash]4 Hz) and [theta] (6[ndash]10 Hz), and other parameters such as electromyogram (EMG) integral and animal movement. This algorithm is composed of four steps. Step 1, active wakefulness, is specified when activity is detected by monitoring the animal with an infrared locomotion sensor. Step 2, NREM, is decided by an EEG [delta] power greater than the threshold. Step 3, REM, is specified by a higher EEG [theta]/([delta] + [theta]) ratio and a lower EMG integral...

Subjective sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome who were treated with a continuous positive airway pressure device

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

It has been reported that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). However, in some patients, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score is high even on CPAP. We assessed the prevalence, quality of life (QOL), and other factors related to subjective sleepiness among Japanese patients with OSAHS who were treated with CPAP. Data regarding the patients' characteristics, ESS score, QOL using the MOS 36-item short-form health survey, symptoms or problems, and CPAP-related factors, including CPAP compliance, were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to their ESS score ([ge]11 or (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Adolescent sleep and working memory performance

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Several studies have reported a link between poor adolescent sleep and academic achievement. Evidence suggests that particular intellectual abilities that are integral in academic achievement may be susceptible to sleep loss. One such ability is working memory. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link between adolescent sleep loss and working memory performance. A total of 143 adolescents (aged 13[ndash]18 years, mean age = 14.9 ± 1.4 years, 43% boys) volunteered for the study. All participants completed an online sleep questionnaire and the working memory tasks of letter[ndash]number sequencing and operation span task. Participants were grouped into sufficient sleepers (i.e. more than 9 h; n = 43), borderline sleepers (8 to 9 h; n = 57) and insufficient sleepers (less tha...

Email-based epidemiological surveys on restless legs syndrome in Japan

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

The prevalence, clinical significance and awareness of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have not been well identified in Japan. We conducted an Internet-based survey on the general Japanese population. Using an Internet-linked questionnaire, we evaluated 8126 respondents, consisting of a cross-section of Japanese adults aged 20 to 59 years. The questionnaire items consisted of demographic variables, the National Institute of Health/International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus questionnaire, the IRLSSG rating scale (IRLS), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and questions regarding diagnosis and treatment. Probable RLS was found in 326 participants (4.01%). The prevalence was significantly higher in women (4.9%) than in men (3.0%), but did not differ by age. Most of the probable part...

Brain potentials related to rapid eye movements and dreaming during REM sleep: A short review of psychophysiological correlates

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

This article presents a short review of findings of recent studies that have used brain potentials related to rapid eye movement to examine dream image-generation processes. Brain potentials related to rapid eye movement are obtained using averaged electroencephalography (EEG) that is time-locked to the onset or offset of rapid eye movement. First, based on findings related to presaccadic and pre-REM brain potentials, we discuss why eyes move during REM sleep. Second, the relationship of lambda-like potentials, which occur immediately after the cessation of rapid eye movement, to generation of visual dream images, is discussed. Third, enhancement of gamma-band EEG activity occurring immediately after the offset of rapid eye movement is discussed in terms of information-binding of dream ima...

Preface

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Preface

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 18:46:24 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 61, April 2008. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Reorganization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus by photic and non-photic environments

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:42 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 62-66, April 2008. Abstract To better understand alterations in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) physiology by photic and non-photic environments, we analyzed clock gene expression in the mouse SCN by in situ hybridization and real-time monitoring of mPer1::luc ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome with pregnancy and the relationship with sleep disorders in the Japanese large population

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:41 +0100

This study re-examined the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among pregnant women in Japan based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG), and to epidemiologically clarify factors ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome with pregnancy and the relationship with sleep disorders in the Japanese large population

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:41 +0100

A sleep and life-style survey of Japanese high school boys: Factors associated with frequent exposure to bright nocturnal light

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:39 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 110-119, April 2008. Abstract Shortened nocturnal sleep is a growing social phenomenon in industrialized countries. The Japanese high school student, with an average of 6.3 h sleep, is an extreme example. A recent feature in Japanese adolescents' life-style is a pattern of ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Effects of night-reading on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and academic performance of undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:38 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 91-94, April 2008. Abstract We evaluated the impact of night reading on daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and performance of student. Pharmacy students (N = 253, 71.5% response rate) completed a sleep and study lifestyle questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

For whom the bells toll: Networked circadian clocks

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:37 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 67-75, April 2008. Abstract Circadian cycles are robust and precise biological rhythms common in unicellular and multicellular organisms. Single cells have been shown to sustain autonomous near 24-h rhythms, however, many cells and tissues appear to require cell–cell ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Clock mechanisms for seasonal adaptation: Morning and evening oscillators in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:36 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 84-90, April 2008. Abstract The circadian behavioral rhythms show seasonal changes not only in animals in the field but also in humans in urban environments. In nocturnal rodents the activity time is compressed or decompressed in response to day lengths. A two-oscillator ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Effect of sleep inertia on switch cost and arousal level immediately after awakening from normal nocturnal sleep

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:35 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 120-125, April 2008. Abstract The present study examined the effects of sleep inertia on arousal level and frontal lobe function after a normal night's sleep. Nine undergraduate and graduate students slept for two consecutive nights (adaptation and experimental). The bedtime ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep disturbance in adults with Angelman syndrome

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:34 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 95-101, April 2008. Abstract Angelman syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe learning difficulties, epilepsy, and a typical behavioral phenotype. The diagnostic criteria state that 20–80% of individuals have decreased sleep need and abnormal sleep–... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Circadian internal desynchronization: Lessons from a rat

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:59:33 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 2, Page 76-83, April 2008. Abstract Forced desynchronization protocols in which the desynchronization of circadian rhythms in the same individual is experimentally induced have represented a key experimental manipulation to study human circadian physiology. Yet progress in ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Preface

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sat, 23 Feb 2008 06:57:26 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 1, January 2008. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Heart rate variability and body temperature during the sleep onset period

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:26 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 42-49, January 2008. Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) and body temperature during the sleep onset period was examined. The core body temperature and electrocardiogram were recorded continuously beginning 1 h before lights out (LO) until the end of the first rapid eye ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Do you perform the multiple sleep latency test according to the guidelines? A case with multiple sleep onset REM periods

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:24 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 53-55, January 2008. Abstract The patient was a 21-year-old male who complained of daytime sleepiness. His multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) showed multiple sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs). The nadir of his core body temperature appeared after waking. However, we did not ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Short daytime naps in a car seat to counteract daytime sleepiness: The effect of backrest angle

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:20 +0100

This study was designed to confirm the effectiveness of napping on a car seat equivalent, and to compare two ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Short daytime naps in a car seat to counteract daytime sleepiness: The effect of backrest angle

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:20 +0100

This study was designed to confirm the effectiveness of napping on a car seat equivalent, and to compare two ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Small shifts in diurnal rhythms are associated with an increase in suicide: The effect of daylight saving

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:18 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 22-25, January 2008. Abstract Large disruptions of chronobiological rhythms are documented as destabilizing individuals with bipolar disorder; however, the impact of small phase altering events is unclear. Australian suicide data from 1971 to 2001 were assessed to determine ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Late bedtime after 22.00 hours affects daily weight gain in 4-month-old infants

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:17 +0100

This study examined the relation between the bedtime of 4-month-old infants and their daily weight gain, using health check-up data and a questionnaire. The infants, totalling 155 in number, were divided into a late group (109 infants; LG) whose ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Late bedtime after 22.00 hours affects daily weight gain in 4-month-old infants

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:29:17 +0100

A dose-response investigation of the benefits of napping in healthy young, middle-aged and older adults

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:54 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 2-15, January 2008. Abstract Older adults experience more fragmented sleep, greater daytime sleepiness and, nap more often than younger adults. Little research has investigated the effects of napping on waking function in older adults. In the present study, waking cognitive ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

A brief behavior therapy administered by correspondence improves sleep and sleep-related behavior in poor sleepers

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:53 +0100

This study examined the long-term effects of a brief behavioral intervention for sleep improvement. The program was designed as a complete self-help approach by correspondence, and consisted of self-assessments of sleep-related behavior, target-... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

A brief behavior therapy administered by correspondence improves sleep and sleep-related behavior in poor sleepers

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:53 +0100

Severe periodic limb movement disorder presented in chronic renal failure at the stage of pre-dialysis

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:52 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms, Volume 6, Issue 1, Page 56-59, January 2008. Abstract A 71-year-old woman had suffered from chronic renal failure (CRF) and osteoporosis treated by alfacalcidol (1-alfa-hydroxy vitamin D3). The renal function was not so bad as to need dialysis. At the age of 67, periodic limb movements during sleep ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Gamma band EEG activity is enhanced after the occurrence of rapid eye movement during human REM sleep

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:52 +0100

This study investigated changes in gamma band (35–44 Hz) EEG activity associated with rapid eye movement (REM) during human REM sleep. Polysomnograms of eight healthy young volunteers were recorded during their normal nocturnal sleep using 26 ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Severe periodic limb movement disorder presented in chronic renal failure at the stage of pre-dialysis

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:52 +0100

Gamma band EEG activity is enhanced after the occurrence of rapid eye movement during human REM sleep

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 01:28:52 +0100

Preface

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Sat, 15 Sep 2007 18:13:40 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 233-233, Oct 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Analysis of the sleeping habits of young children in relation to environmental factors and their psychological state

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 284-287, Oct 2007. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the sleeping habits of young children in relation to their lifestyles and psychological state. The study revealed that, while they were not associated with the occupation of their parents, their sleeping... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Low-dose oral risperidone lengthened sleep duration in healthy participants

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

This study was performed in a placebo-controlled manner in 10 healthy male volunteers (mean age, 23.6 years), with administration of 0.5 mg of ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sex differences in the reactions to sleeping in pairs versus sleeping alone in humans

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 271-276, Oct 2007. Abstract Couples sleeping in pairs is a modern phenomenon with potential side-effects on sleep structure and circadian rhythms. In order to examine its effects, 10 healthy heterosexual couples with stable relationships who regularly sleep apart or togethe... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Spectral power and fractal dimension: Methodological comparison in a sample of normal sleepers and chronic insomniacs

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 239-250, Oct 2007. Abstract This methodological study compared the feasibility of the time domain fractal dimensions (FD) and a quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) when characterizing the daytime cortical activation in insomniacs and normal sleepers. We hypothesized th... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

The quality of sleep and factors associated with poor sleep in Japanese graduate students

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 234-238, Oct 2007. Abstract We conducted a cross-sectional mail questionnaire survey at 31 graduate schools on 12 university campuses in Kyoto, Japan to assess the sleep quality of the graduate students and to describe the factors associated with their poor sleep quality. A... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Analysis of the sleeping habits of young children in relation to environmental factors and their psychological state

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Low-dose oral risperidone lengthened sleep duration in healthy participants

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

This study was performed in a placebo-controlled manner in 10 healthy male volunteers (mean age, 23.6 years), with administration of 0.5 mg of ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sex differences in the reactions to sleeping in pairs versus sleeping alone in humans

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Spectral power and fractal dimension: Methodological comparison in a sample of normal sleepers and chronic insomniacs

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

The quality of sleep and factors associated with poor sleep in Japanese graduate students

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:28 +0100

Subject Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 302-304, Oct 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Undergraduate dental education on oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnea at The University of British Columbia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 294-299, Oct 2007. Abstract The updated practice parameters from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine in 2006 have concluded that oral appliances are indicated for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and for patients who want an alternative to nasal continuous ... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Oral appliance therapy for a child with sleep apnea syndrome due to palatine tonsil hypertrophy

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 288-290, Oct 2007. Abstract Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in childhood. An adenotonsillectomy is the first line of treatment for most children with SAS. An 11-year-old boy with palatine tonsillar hypertrophy (Mckenzie Grad... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Integrated model incorporating circadian phase dynamics and the thermoregulatory mechanism of sleep

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 259-270, Oct 2007. Abstract Recently, physiological findings have suggested the existence of an integrated regulatory mechanism for sleep–wake rhythms, as follows. Homeostatic regulation of the sleep–wake pattern and body temperature involves circadian oscillators and the h... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

The effect of a sleep hygiene education program on the sleep–wake cycle of Brazilian adolescent students

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 251-258, Oct 2007. Abstract Adolescents present with sleep timing delay, irregular sleep–wake (SW) schedules and short sleep duration ( (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Subject Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 302-304, Oct 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Undergraduate dental education on oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnea at The University of British Columbia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Oral appliance therapy for a child with sleep apnea syndrome due to palatine tonsil hypertrophy

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Integrated model incorporating circadian phase dynamics and the thermoregulatory mechanism of sleep

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

The effect of a sleep hygiene education program on the sleep–wake cycle of Brazilian adolescent students

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:27 +0100

Author Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:26 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 300-301, Oct 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Two cases of young adults sleepwalking

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:26 +0100

We report two cases of young adults sleepwalking. The first was a 19-year-old man whose episode occurred at the end of the first sleep stage 4. The second patient, a 28-year-old man, had episodes after the first and/or second slow wave sleep. Nei... (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Author Index

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:26 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue 4, Page 300-301, Oct 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Two cases of young adults sleepwalking

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 14 Sep 2007 18:44:26 +0100

Ageing

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 18:12:50 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A1-A13, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Disorders – Neurologic Disorders

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:40 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A172-A175, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Deprivation & Restriction

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:39 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A86-A105, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Poster abstracts

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:33 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A208-A218, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Disorders – Narcolepsy/Hypersomnia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:33 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A165-A171, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Disorders – Insomnia

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:33 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A154-A165, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Disorders – Breathing (Clinical Other)

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:33 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A113-A132, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Disorders – Breathing (Basic Animal Research)

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:33 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A105-A108, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Circadian Rhythms

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:32 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A22-A31, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Paediatrics – Breathing

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:31 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A60-A69, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Sleep Disorders – Breathing (Therapy)

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:14 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A140-A153, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)

Healthcare Services, Research and Education

Sleep and Biological Rhythms — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 01:43:12 +0100

Sleep and Biological Rhythms Volume 5, Issue s1, Page A31-A36, Aug 2007. (Source: Sleep and Biological Rhythms)