MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Studies in Mycology' source. Thu, 07 Jul 2011 21:27:30 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798144&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523187%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Põldmaa K Twelve species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments are reported growing in various tropical areas of the world. Ten of these are described as new, including teleomorphs for two previously known anamorphic species. In two species the teleomorph has been found in nature and in three others it was obtained in culture; only anamorphs are known for the rest. None of the studied tropical collections belongs to the common temperate species H. rosellus and H. odoratus to which the tropical teleomorphic collections had previously been assigned. Instead, taxa encountered in the tropics are genetically and morphologically distinct from the nine species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments known from temperate regions. Besides observed host preferences,... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798144 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798143&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirooka Y, Rossman AY, Chaverri P The genus Nectria is typified by N. cinnabarina, a wood-inhabiting fungus common in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. To determine the diversity within N. cinnabarina, specimens and cultures from Asia, Europe, and North America were obtained and examined. Their phylogeny was determined using sequences of multiple loci, specifically act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, and tub. Based on these observations, four species are recognised within the N. cinnabarina complex. Each species is delimited based on DNA sequence analyses and described and illustrated from specimens and cultures. The basionym for N. cinnabarina, Sphaeria cinnabarina, is lectotypified based on an illustration that is part of the protologue, and an epitype specimen is designa... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798143 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798142&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523189%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaverri P, Salgado C, Hirooka Y, Rossman AY, Samuels GJ Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genus Cylindrocarpon. Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectriasensu stricto and Cylindrocarponsensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarponsensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent disti... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798142 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798141&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523190%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gräfenhan T, Schroers HJ, Nirenberg HI, Seifert KA A comprehensive phylogenetic reassessment of the ascomycete genus Cosmospora (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) is undertaken using fresh isolates and historical strains, sequences of two protein encoding genes, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and a new phylogenetic marker, the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase (acl1). The result is an extensive revision of taxonomic concepts, typification, and nomenclatural details of many anamorph- and teleomorph-typified genera of the Nectriaceae, most notably Cosmospora and Fusarium. The combined phylogenetic analysis shows that the present concept of Fusarium is not monophyletic and that the genus divides into two large groups, one basal in the family, the other termina... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798141 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798140&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523191%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schroers HJ, Gräfenhan T, Nirenberg HI, Seifert KA A revision of Fusarium-like species associated with the plant genus Buxus led to a reconsideration of generic concepts in the Fusarium clade of the Nectriaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of the partial second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and the larger subunit of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1) gene exons confirm the existence of a clade, here called the terminal Fusarium clade, that includes genera such as Fusariumsensu stricto (including its Gibberella teleomorphs), Albonectria, Cyanonectria, "Haematonectria", the newly described genus Geejayessia, and "Nectria" albida. Geejayessia accommodates five species. Four were previously classified in Nectria sensu lato, namely the black perithecial, KOH-species G. atrof... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798140 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798139&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523192%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Summerbell RC, Gueidan C, Schroers HJ, de Hoog GS, Starink M, Rosete YA, Guarro J, Scott JA Over 200 new sequences are generated for members of the genus Acremonium and related taxa including ribosomal small subunit sequences (SSU) for phylogenetic analysis and large subunit (LSU) sequences for phylogeny and DNA-based identification. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that within the Hypocreales, there are two major clusters containing multiple Acremonium species. One clade contains Acremonium sclerotigenum, the genus Emericellopsis, and the genus Geosmithia as prominent elements. The second clade contains the genera Gliomastixsensu stricto and Bionectria. In addition, there are numerous smaller clades plus two multi-species clades, one containing Acremonium strictum and the type s... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798139 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798138&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523193%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the phylogenetic relationships of two species that mimic Chaetosphaeria in teleomorph and anamorph morphologies, Chaetosphaeriatulasneorum with a Cylindrotrichum anamorph and Australiasca queenslandica with a Dischloridium anamorph. Four data sets were analysed: a) the internal transcribed spacer region including ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 (ITS), b) nc28S (ncLSU) rDNA, c) nc18S (ncSSU) rDNA, and d) a combined data set of ncLSU-ncSSU-RPB2 (ribosomal polymerase B2). The traditional placement of Ch. tulasneorum in the Microascales based on ncLSU sequences is unsupported and Australiasca does not belong to the Chaetosphaeriaceae. Both holomorph species are nested within the Glomerellales. A new genus, Reticulascus, is introduced for Ch. tulasneorum with associated Cylindrotrichum ana... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798138 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798137&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523194%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Réblová M, Seifert KA Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa is a conspicuous, lignicolous, dematiaceous hyphomycete with macronematous, penicillate conidiophores with branches or metulae arising from the apex of the stipe, terminating with cylindrical, elongated conidiogenous cells producing conidia in a holoblastic manner. The discovery of its teleomorph is documented here based on perithecial ascomata associated with fertile conidiophores of S. macrocarpa on a specimen collected in the Czech Republic; an identical anamorph developed from ascospores isolated in axenic culture. The teleomorph is morphologically similar to species of the genera Carpoligna and Chaetosphaeria, especially in its nonstromatic perithecia, hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform ascospores, unitunicate asci with a ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798137 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798136&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huhndorf SM, Miller AN Several taxa that share similar ascomatal and ascospore characters occur in monotypic or small genera throughout the Sordariomycetidae with uncertain relationships based on their morphology. Taxa in the genera Duradens, Leptosporella, Linocarpon, and Rimaconus share similar morphologies of conical ascomata, carbonised peridia and elongate ascospores, while taxa in the genera Caudatispora, Erythromada and Lasiosphaeriella possess clusters of superficial, obovoid ascomata with variable ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses of 28S large-subunit nrDNA sequences were used to test the monophyly of these genera and provide estimates of their relationships within the Sordariomycetidae. Rimaconus coronatus is described as a new species from New Zealand; it clusters w... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798136 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798135&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523196%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mejía LC, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Sogonov MV, White JF Members of the genus Plagiostoma inhabit leaves, stems, twigs, and branches of woody and herbaceous plants predominantly in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. An account of all known species of Plagiostoma including Cryptodiaporthe is presented based on analyses of morphological, cultural, and DNA sequence data. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four genes (β-tubulin, ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α) revealed eight previously undescribed phylogenetic species and an association between a clade composed of 11 species of Plagiostoma and the host family Salicaceae. In this paper these eight new species of Plagiostoma are described, four species are redescribed, and four new combinations are proposed. A key to t... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798135 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4798134&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21523197%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sultan A, Johnston PR, Park D, Robertson AW Two new pathogens, Guignardia korthalsellae and Rosenscheldiella korthalsellae, are described from New Zealand's pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella, Viscaceae). Both form ascomata on living phylloclades with minimal disruption of the tissue. Fungal hyphae within the phylloclade are primarily intercellular. Guignardia korthalsellae disrupts a limited number of epidermal cells immediately around the erumpent ascoma, while the ascomata of Rosenscheldiellakorthalsellae develop externally on small patches of stromatic tissue that form above stomatal cavities. Rosenscheldiella is applied in a purely morphological sense. LSU sequences show that R. korthalsellae as well as another New Zealand species, Rosenscheldiella brachyglottidis, are member... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4798134 Sun, 08 May 2011 18:00:02 +0100 4798134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4025418&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20877444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bensch K, Groenewald JZ, Dijksterhuis J, Starink-Willemse M, Andersen B, Summerell BA, Shin HD, Dugan FM, Schroers HJ, Braun U, Crous PW The genus Cladosporium is one of the largest genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, and is characterised by a coronate scar structure, conidia in acropetal chains and Davidiella teleomorphs. Based on morphology and DNA phylogeny, the species complexes of C. herbarum and C. sphaerospermum have been resolved, resulting in the elucidation of numerous new taxa. In the present study, more than 200 isolates belonging to the C. cladosporioides complex were examined and phylogenetically analysed on the basis of DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA, as wel... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4025418 Sun, 03 Oct 2010 07:30:03 +0100 4025418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3933811&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20806003%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Species of Calonectria and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs are important plant pathogens worldwide. At present 52 Cylindrocladium spp. and 37 Calonectria spp. are recognised based on sexual compatibility, morphology and phylogenetic inference. The polyphasic approach of integrating Biological, Morphological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts has revolutionised the taxonomy of fungi. This review aims to present an overview of published research on the genera Calonectria and Cylindrocladium as they pertain to their taxonomic history. The nomenclature as well as future research necessary for this group of fungi are also briefly discussed. PMID: 20806003 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology) Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3933811 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 20:21:02 +0100 3933811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3933810&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20806004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Calonectria pauciramosa is a pathogen of numerous plant hosts worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that it included cryptic species, some of which are identified in this study. Isolates from various geographical origins were collected and compared based on morphology, DNA sequence data of the beta-tubulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor-1alpha regions and mating compatibility. Comparisons of the DNA sequence data and mating compatibility revealed three new species. These included Ca. colombiana sp. nov. from Colombia, Ca. polizzii sp. nov. from Italy and Ca. zuluensis sp. nov. from South Africa, all of which had distinguishing morphological features. Based on DNA sequence data, Ca. brasiliensis is also elevated ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3933810 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 20:21:02 +0100 3933810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3933809&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20806005%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Species of Calonectria are important plant pathogens, several of which have a worldwide distribution. Contemporary taxonomic studies on these fungi have chiefly relied on DNA sequence comparisons of the beta-tubulin gene region. Despite many new species being described, there has been no phylogenetic synthesis for the group since the last monographic study almost a decade ago. In the present study, the identity of a large collection of Calonectria isolates from various geographic regions was determined using morphological and DNA sequence comparisons. This resulted in the discovery of seven new species; Ca. densa, Ca. eucalypti, Ca. humicola, Ca. orientalis, Ca. pini, Ca. pseudoscoparia and Ca. sulawesiensis, bringing the total n... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3933809 Sat, 04 Sep 2010 20:21:02 +0100 3933809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3608316&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20502538%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study it is attempted to delineate generic boundaries, and to come to a generic circumscription which is more correct from an evolutionary point of view by means of multilocus sequence typing. Therefore, multiple analyses were conducted utilising sequences obtained from 28S nrDNA (Large Subunit - LSU), 18S nrDNA (Small Subunit - SSU), the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and part of the beta-tubulin (TUB) gene region. A total of 324 strains were included in the analyses of which most belonged to Phoma taxa, whilst 54 to related pleosporalean fungi. In total, 206 taxa were investigated, of which 159 are known to have affinities to Phoma. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the current Boeremaean subdivision is incorrect from an evolutionary poi... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3608316 Sat, 29 May 2010 04:45:02 +0100 3608316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895182&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19826500%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jaklitsch WM At present 75 species of Hypocrea have been identified in temperate Europe. Nineteen green-spored species and their Trichoderma asexual states are here described in detail. Extensive searches for Hypocrea teleomorphs in 14 European countries, with emphasis on Central Europe, yielded more than 620 specimens within five years. The morphology of fresh and dry stromata was studied. In addition, available types of species described from Europe were examined. Cultures were prepared from ascospores and used to study the morphology of cultures and anamorphs, to determine growth rates, and to extract DNA that was used for amplification and sequencing of three genetic markers. ITS was used for identification, while RNA polymerase II subunit b (rpb2) and translation elongati... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895182 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 22:28:03 +0100 2895182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567899&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaverri P, Liu M, Hodge KT The present taxonomic revision deals with Neotropical species of three entomopathogenic genera that were once included in Hypocrella s. l.: Hypocrella s. str. (anamorph Aschersonia), Moelleriella (anamorph aschersonia-like), and Samuelsia gen. nov (anamorph aschersonia-like). Species of Hypocrella, Moelleriella, and Samuelsia are pathogens of scale insects (Coccidae and Lecaniidae, Homoptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera) and are common in tropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF 1-alpha), and RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (RPB1) and analyses of multiple morphological characters demonstrate that the three segregated genera can be distinguis... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567899 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 14:21:14 +0100 1567899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567913&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rokas A, Payne G, Fedorova ND, Baker SE, Machida M, Yu J, Georgianna DR, Dean RA, Bhatnagar D, Cleveland TE, Wortman JR, Maiti R, Joardar V, Amedeo P, Denning DW, Nierman WC Understanding the nature of species" boundaries is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. The availability of genomes from several species of the genus Aspergillus allows us for the first time to examine the demarcation of fungal species at the whole-genome level. Here, we examine four case studies, two of which involve intraspecific comparisons, whereas the other two deal with interspecific genomic comparisons between closely related species. These four comparisons reveal significant variation in the nature of species boundaries across Aspergillus. For example, comparisons between A. fumigatus an... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567913 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567912&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samson RA, Varga J, Witiak SM, Geiser DM PMID: 18490943 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology) Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567912 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567911&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pitt JI, Samson RA The nomenclature of Aspergillus is important in many fields of research and therefore the strategies for stable and efficient naming are important. The conservation of species names as accepted by the Aspergillus community is described. Published lists of accepted names provide that people who use Aspergillus and Penicillium taxonomies need no longer fear the overturning of names currently used. Aspergillus is a good example of a genus where the naming of both anamorph and teleomorph has been applied and arguments are given for maintaining the system of dual nomenclature. A protocol for describing new taxa in Aspergillus and their teleomorphs is proposed, including the availability of living ex type cultures, deposit of type cultures in at least two recognis... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567911 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567910&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samson RA, Noonim P, Meijer M, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Varga J The present taxonomy of the black aspergilli reveals that there are 19 accepted taxa. However the identification of species of Aspergillus section Nigri is often problematic in spite of the existence of numerous methods proposed. An overview is provided of phenotypic and molecular methods to identify the accepted species of the black aspergilli. Colony morphology, conidial size and ornamentation of the ex type cultures is presented in a pictorial overview. The temperature range of all species is given and their growth characteristics on creatine agar and boscalid agar, a medium which was developed as a selective medium for the isolation of A. carbonarius are also shown. The extrolites produced by each species are ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567910 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567909&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Varga J, Due M, Frisvad JC, Samson RA Aspergillus section Clavati has been revised using morphology, secondary metabolites, physiological characters and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of beta-tubulin, ITS and calmodulin sequence data indicated that Aspergillus section Clavati includes 6 species, A. clavatus (synonyms: A. apicalis, A. pallidus), A. giganteus, A. rhizopodus, A. longivesica, Neocarpenteles acanthosporus and A. clavatonanicus. Neocarpenteles acanthosporus is the only known teleomorph of this section. The sister genera to Neocarpenteles are Neosartorya and Dichotomomyces based on sequence data. Species in Neosartorya and Neocarpenteles have anamorphs with green conidia and share the production of tryptoquivalins, while Dichotomomyces was found to be able to p... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567909 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567908&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geiser DM, Klich MA, Frisvad JC, Peterson SW, Varga J, Samson RA The species recognition and identification of aspergilli and their teleomorphs is discussed. A historical overview of the taxonomic concepts starting with the monograph of Raper & Fennell (1965) is given. A list of taxa described since 2000 is provided. Physiological characters, particularly growth rates and the production of extrolites, often show differences that reflect phylogenetic species boundaries and greater emphasis should be placed on extrolite profiles and growth characteristics in species descriptions. Multilocus sequence-based phylogenetic analyses have emerged as the primary tool for inferring phylogenetic species boundaries and relationships within subgenera and sections. A four locus DNA seque... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567908 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567907&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490948%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klaassen CH, Osherov N Multiple reasons may justify a need for strain typing purposes, but the most common reason is to delineate the epidemiological relationships between isolates. The availability of whole genome sequences has greatly influenced our ability to develop highly targeted and efficient strain typing methods fur these purposes. Some strain typing methods may serve dual goals: not only can they be used to discriminate between multiple isolates of a certain species, they can also aid in the recognition, identification, description and validation process of a fungal species. PMID: 18490948 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology) Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567907 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567906&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Houbraken J, Due M, Varga J, Meijer M, Frisvad JC, Samson RA Aspergillus ustus is a very common species in foods, soil and indoor environments. Based on chemical, molecular and morphological data, A. insuetus is separated from A. ustus and revived. A. insuetus differs from A. ustus in producing drimans and ophiobolin G and H and not producing ustic acid and austocystins. The molecular, physiological and morphological data also indicated that another species, A. keveiisp. nov. is closely related but distinct from A. insuetus. Aspergillus section Usti sensu stricto includes 8 species: A. ustus, A. puniceus, A. granulosus, A. pseudodeflectus, A. calidoustus, A. insuetus and A. keveii together with Emericella heterothallica. PMID: 18490949 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studie... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567906 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567905&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perrone G, Susca A, Cozzi G, Ehrlich K, Varga J, Frisvad JC, Meijer M, Noonim P, Mahakarnchanakul W, Samson RA The genus Aspergillus is one of the most important filamentous fungal genera. Aspergillus species are used in the fermentation industry, but they are also responsible of various plant and food secondary rot, with the consequence of possible accumulation of mycotoxins. The aflatoxin producing A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and ochratoxinogenic A. niger, A. ochraceus and A. carbonarius species are frequently encountered in agricultural products. Studies on the biodiversity of toxigenic Aspergillus species is useful to clarify molecular, ecological and biochemical characteristics of the different species in relation to their different adaptation to environmental and geogr... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567905 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567904&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490951%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined isolates of species tentatively assigned to section Candidi using a polyphasic approach. The characters examined include sequence analysis of partial beta-tubulin, calmodulin and ITS sequences of the isolates, morphological and physiological tests, and examination of the extrolite profiles. Our data indicate that the revised section Candidi includes 4 species: A. candidus, A. campestris, A. taichungensis and A. tritici. This is strongly supported by all the morphological characteristics that are characteristic of section Candidi: slow growing colonies with globose conidial heads having white to yellowish conidia, conidiophores smooth, small conidiophores common, metulae present and covering the entire vesicle, some large Aspergillus heads with large metulae, pres... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567904 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567903&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pál K, van Diepeningen AD, Varga J, Hoekstra RF, Dyer PS, Debets AJ Gene flow within populations can occur by sexual and/or parasexual means. Analyses of experimental and in silico work are presented relevant to possible gene flow within the aspergilli. First, the discovery of mating-type (MAT) genes within certain species of Aspergillus is described. The implications for self-fertility, sexuality in supposedly asexual species and possible uses as phylogenetic markers are discussed. Second, the results of data mining for heterokaryon incompatibility (het) and programmed cell death (PCD) related genes in the genomes of two heterokaryon incompatible isolates of the asexual species Aspergillus niger are reported. Het-genes regulate the formation of anastomoses and heterokary... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567903 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567902&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samson RA, Hong S, Peterson SW, Frisvad JC, Varga J The taxonomy of Aspergillus section Fumigati with its teleomorph genus Neosartorya is revised. The species concept is based on phenotypic (morphology and extrolite profiles) and molecular (beta-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences) characters in a polyphasic approach. Four new taxa are proposed: N. australensis N. ferenczii, N. papuaensis and N. warcupii. All newly described and accepted species are illustrated. The section consists of 33 taxa: 10 strictly anamorphic Aspergillus species and 23 Neosartorya species. Four other Neosartorya species described previously were not available for this monograph, and consequently are relegated to the category of doubtful species. PMID: 18490953 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studi... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567902 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567901&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balajee SA, Houbraken J, Verweij PE, Hong SB, Yaghuchi T, Varga J, Samson RA Multiple recent studies have demonstrated the limited utility of morphological methods used singly for species identification of clinically relevant aspergilli. It is being increasingly recognised that comparative sequence based methods used in conjunction with traditional phenotype based methods can offer better resolution of species within this genus. Recognising the growing role of molecular methods in species recognition, the recently convened international working group meeting entitled "Aspergillus Systematics in the Genomic Era" has proposed several recommendations that will be useful in such endeavors. Specific recommendations of this working group include the use of the ITS regions for inter ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567901 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567900&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frisvad JC, Larsen TO, de Vries R, Meijer M, Houbraken J, Cabañes FJ, Ehrlich K, Samson RA Species in the genus Aspergillus have been classified primarily based on morphological features. Sequencing of house-hold genes has also been used in Aspergillus taxonomy and phylogeny, while extrolites and physiological features have been used less frequently. Three independent ways of classifying and identifying aspergilli appear to be applicable: Morphology combined with physiology and nutritional features, secondary metabolite profiling and DNA sequencing. These three ways of identifying Aspergillus species often point to the same species. This consensus approach can be used initially, but if consensus is achieved it is recommended to combine at least two of these independent wa... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567900 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567874&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samson RA PMID: 18490992 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology) Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567874 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567873&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490993%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW Cordyceps, comprising over 400 species, was historically classified in the Clavicipitaceae, based on cylindrical asci, thickened ascus apices and filiform ascospores, which often disarticulate into part-spores. Cordyceps was characterized by the production of well-developed often stipitate stromata and an ecology as a pathogen of arthropods and Elaphomyces with infrageneric classifications emphasizing arrangement of perithecia, ascospore morphology and host affiliation. To refine the classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceae, the phylogenetic relationships of 162 taxa were estimated based on analyses consisting of five to seven loci, including the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (nr... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567873 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567872&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Braun U, Groenewald JZ Mycosphaerella, one of the largest genera of ascomycetes, encompasses several thousand species and has anamorphs residing in more than 30 form genera. Although previous phylogenetic studies based on the ITS rDNA locus supported the monophyly of the genus, DNA sequence data derived from the LSU gene distinguish several clades and families in what has hitherto been considered to represent the Mycosphaerellaceae. Several important leaf spotting and extremotolerant species need to be disposed to the genus Teratosphaeria, for which a new family, the Teratosphaeriaceae, is introduced. Other distinct clades represent the Schizothyriaceae, Davidiellaceae, Capnodiaceae, and the Mycosphaerellaceae. Within the two major clades, namely Teratosphaeriaceae a... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567872 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567871&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Braun U, Schubert K, Groenewald JZ The genus Cladosporium is restricted to dematiaceous hyphomycetes with a coronate scar type, and Davidiella teleomorphs. In the present study numerous cladosporium-like taxa are treated, and allocated to different genera based on their morphology and DNA phylogeny derived from the LSU nrRNA gene. Several species are introduced in new genera such as Hyalodendriella, Ochrocladosporium, Rachicladosporium, Rhizocladosporium, Toxicocladosporium and Verrucocladosporium. A further new taxon is described in Devriesia (Teratosphaeriaceae). Furthermore, Cladosporium castellanii, the etiological agent of tinea nigra in humans, is confirmed as synonym of Stenella araguata, while the type species of Stenella is shown to be linked to the Teratosp... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567871 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567870&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490996%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arzanlou M, Groenewald JZ, Gams W, Braun U, Shin HD, Crous PW The phylogeny of the genera Periconiella, Ramichloridium, Rhinocladiella and Veronaea was explored by means of partial sequences of the 28S (LSU) rRNA gene and the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS2). Based on the LSU sequence data, ramichloridium-like species segregate into eight distinct clusters. These include the Capnodiales (Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae), the Chaetothyriales (Herpotrichiellaceae), the Pleosporales, and five ascomycete clades with uncertain affinities. The type species of Ramichloridium, R. apiculatum, together with R. musae, R. biverticillatum, R. cerophilum, R. verrucosum, R. pini, and three new species isolated from Strelitzia, Musa and forest soil, respectively, reside in the ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567870 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567869&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490997%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schubert K, Braun U, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW Cladosporium chlorocephalum (= C. paeoniae) is a common, widespread leaf-spotting hyphomycete of peony (Paeonia spp.), characterised by having dimorphic conidiophores. During the season, one stage of this fungus causes distinct, necrotic leaf-blotch symptoms on living leaves of Paeonia spp. In late autumn, winter or after overwintering, a second morphologically distinct conidiophore type occurs on dead, blackish, rotting stems. Conspecificity of the two morphs, previously proposed on the basis of observations in culture, was supported by DNA sequence data from the ITS and LSU gene regions, using cultures obtained from leaf-blotch symptoms on living leaves, as well as from dead stems of Paeonia spp. Sequence data were identical, indi... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567869 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567868&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490998%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schubert K, Groenewald JZ, Braun U, Dijksterhuis J, Starink M, Hill CF, Zalar P, de Hoog GS, Crous PW The Cladosporium herbarum complex comprises five species for which Davidiella teleomorphs are known. Cladosporium herbarum s. str. (D. tassiana), C. macrocarpum (D. macrocarpa) and C. bruhnei (D. allicina) are distinguishable by having conidia of different width, and by teleomorph characters. Davidiella variabile is introduced as teleomorph of C. variabile, a homothallic species occurring on Spinacia, and D. macrospora is known to be the teleomorph of C. iridis on Iris spp. The C. herbarum complex combines low molecular distance with a high degree of clonal or inbreeding diversity. Entities differ from each other by multilocus sequence data and by phenetic differences, and thu... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567868 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567867&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490999%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zalar P, de Hoog GS, Schroers HJ, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Gunde-Cimerman N Saprobic Cladosporium isolates morphologically similar to C. sphaerospermum are phylogenetically analysed on the basis of DNA sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S rDNA (ITS) and the small subunit (SSU) rDNA as well as beta-tubulin and actin gene introns and exons. Most of the C. sphaerospermum-like species show halotolerance as a recurrent feature. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, which is characterised by almost globose conidia, is redefined on the basis of its ex-neotype culture. Cladosporium dominicanum, C. psychrotolerans, C. velox, C. spinulosum and C. halotolerans, all with globoid conidia, are newly described on the ba... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567867 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567866&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18491000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Schubert K, Braun U, de Hoog GS, Hocking AD, Shin HD, Groenewald JZ Although morphologically similar, species of Cladophialophora (Herpotrichiellaceae) were shown to be phylogenetically distinct from Pseudocladosporium (Venturiaceae), which was revealed to be synonymous with the older genus, Fusicladium. Other than being associated with human disorders, species of Cladophialophora were found to also be phytopathogenic, or to occur as saprobes on organic material, or in water, fruit juices, or sports drinks, along with species of Exophiala. Caproventuria and Metacoleroa were confirmed to be synonyms of Venturia, which has Fusicladium (= Pseudocladosporium) anamorphs. Apiosporina, based on A. collinsii, clustered basal to the Venturia clade, and appears to represent a ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567866 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567865&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18491001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Hoog GS, Nishikaku AS, Fernandez-Zeppenfeldt G, Padín-González C, Burger E, Badali H, Richard-Yegres N, van den Ende AH Cladophialophora carrionii is one of the four major etiologic agents of human chromoblastomycosis in semi-arid climates. This species was studied using sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA, the partial beta-tubulin gene and an intron in the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, in addition to morphology. With all genes a clear bipartition was observed, which corresponded with minute differences in conidiophore morphology. A new species, C. yegresii, was introduced, which appeared to be, in contrast to C. carrionii, associated with living cactus plants. All strains from humans, and a few isolates from dead cactus d... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567865 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567864&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18491002%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seifert KA, Hughes SJ, Boulay H, Louis-Seize G Using morphological characters, cultural characters, large subunit and internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) sequences, and provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, this paper attempts to resolve the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion surrounding three species of cladosporium-like hyphomycetes. The type specimen of Hormodendrum resinae, the basis for the use of the epithet resinae for the creosote fungus {either as Hormoconis resinae or Cladosporium resinae) represents the mononematous synanamorph of the synnematous, resinicolous fungus Sorocybe resinae. The phylogenetic relationships of the creosote fungus, which is the anamorph of Amorphotheca resinae, are with the family Myxotrichaceae, whereas S. res... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567864 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1567864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567898&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490968%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rong IH, Baxter AP The international acronym PREM denotes the South African National Collection of Fungi, which houses approximately 60 000 specimens. The collection includes material from outside South Africa and contains representatives of all the major groups of fungi excluding the yeasts and pathogens of larger animals and man. The name PREM was derived from the city in which the collection is situated, Pretoria (PRE), and the M defines the collection as being mycological. The background information and historical facts presented in this paper are based on an unpublished manuscript, prepared by the co-author and then head of the collection A.P. Baxter, for the 90(th) celebration of PREM.The collection was established in 1905, when South Africa was still a British colony. T... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567898 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567897&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490969%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Rong IH, Wood A, Lee S, Glen H, Botha W, Slippers B, de Beer WZ, Wingfield MJ, Hawksworth DL Several recent studies have reviewed the extent of fungal biodiversity, and have used these data as basis for revised estimates of species numbers based on known numbers of plants and insects. None of these studies, however, have focused on fungal biodiversity in South Africa. Coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the National Collection of Fungi (PREM) in South Africa in 2005, it is thus timely to reflect on the taxonomic research that has been conducted in South Africa over the past Century. Information is presented on the extent of fungal collections preserved at PREM, and the associated research publications that have largely resulted from this resource. These data are... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567897 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567896&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490970%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gryzenhout M, Myburg H, Hodges CS, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Cryphonectria havanensis is a fungus associated with Eucalyptus species in Cuba and Florida (U.S.A.). Until recently, there have been no living cultures of C. havanensis and it has thus not been possible to assess its taxonomic status. Isolates thought to represent this fungus have, however, emerged from surveys of Eucalyptus in Mexico and Hawaii (U.S.A.). Results of this study showed that these isolates represent C. havanensis but reside in a genus distinct from Cryphonectria sensu stricto, which is described here as Microthia. Isolates of an unidentified fungus occurring on Myrica faya in the Azores and Madeira also grouped in Microthia and were identical to other M. havanensis isolates. Cryphonectria coccolobae, ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567896 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567895&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Verkley GJ, Groenewald JZ A study of microfungi associated with living Eucalyptus leaves and leaf litter revealed several novel and interesting taxa. Cladoriella eucalypti gen. et sp. nov. is described as a Cladosporium-like genus associated with litter collected in South Africa, while Fulvoflamma eucalypti gen. et. sp. nov. is newly described from leaf litter collected in Spain. Beta-conidia are newly reported for species of Pestalotiopsis, namely Pestalotiopsis disseminata in New Zealand, and a Pestalotiopsis sp. from Colombia. Satchmopsis brasiliensis is reported from litter in Colombia and Indonesia, while Torrendiella eucalypti is reported from leaf litter in Indonesia, and shown to have a Sporothrix-like anamorph. Leptospora rubella is reported from living Euca... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567895 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567894&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490972%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Rensburg JC, Lamprecht SC, Groenewald JZ, Castlebury LA, Crous PW Die-back of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) causes substantial losses in commercial Aspalathus plantations in South Africa. In the past, the disease has been attributed to Phomopsis phaseoli (teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum). Isolates obtained from diseased plants, however, were highly variable with regard to morphology and pathogenicity. The aim of the present study was thus to identify the Phomopsis species associated with die-back of rooibos. Isolates were subjected to DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. Furthermore, isolates were also compared in glasshouse inoculation trials on 8-mo... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567894 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567893&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zipfel RD, de Beer ZW, Jacobs K, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Ophiostoma species have diverse morphological features and are found in a large variety of ecological niches. Many different classification schemes have been applied to these fungi in the past based on teleomorph and anamorph features. More recently, studies based on DNA sequence comparisions have shown that Ophiostoma consists of different phylogenetic groups, but the data have not been sufficient to define clear monophyletic lineages represented by practical taxonomic units. We used DNA sequence data from combined partial nuclear LSU and beta-tubulin genes to consider the phylogenetic relationships of 50 Ophiostoma species, representing all the major morphological groups in the genus. Our data showed three well-supp... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567893 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567892&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Mansilla JP, Alfenas AC, Groenewald JZ Species of Eucalyptus are widely planted as exotics in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere and to some extent in southern Europe, for timber and fibre production. Species of Mycosphaerella are commonly associated with leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus and can result in defoliation, dieback, and even tree death. In the present study, numerous isolates of Mycosphaerella species were collected from leaf litter, living leaves exhibiting leaf spot symptoms or severe Mycosphaerella leaf blotch symptoms. Isolates were compared based on DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 & ITS2) and the 5.8S gene. These data, together with characteristics of the fungal growth on three different media, morph... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567892 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567891&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cortinas MN, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ Colletogloeopsis zuluensis, previously known as Coniothyrium zuluense, causes a serious stem canker disease on Eucalyptus spp. grown as non-natives in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. This stem canker disease was first reported from South Africa and it has subsequently been found on various species and hybrids of Eucalyptus in other African countries as well as in countries of South America and South-East Asia. In previous studies, phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the ITS region suggested that all material of C. zuluensis was monophyletic. However, the occurrence of the fungus in a greater number of countries, and analyses of DNA sequences with additional isolates has challenged the notion that a sin... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567891 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567890&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hunter GC, Wingfield BD, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Species of the ascomycete genus Mycosphaerella are regarded as some of the most destructive leaf pathogens of a large number of economically important crop plants. Amongst these, approximately 60 Mycosphaerella spp. have been identified from various Eucalyptus spp. where they cause leaf diseases collectively known as Mycosphaerella Leaf Disease (MLD). Species concepts for this group of fungi remain confused, and hence their species identification is notoriously difficult. Thus, the introduction of DNA sequence comparisons has become the definitive characteristic used to distinguish species of Mycosphaerella. Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA operon have most commonly been used to consi... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567890 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567889&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Liebenberg MM, Braun U, Groenewald JZ Angular leaf spot of Phaseolus vulgaris is a serious disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola, in which two major gene pools occur, namely Andean and Middle-American. Sequence analysis of the SSU region of nrDNA revealed the genus Phaeoisariopsis to be indistinguishable from other hyphomycete anamorph genera associated with Mycosphaerella, namely Pseudocercospora and Stigmina. A new combination is therefore proposed in the genus Pseudocercospora, a name to be conserved over Phaeoisariopsis and Stigmina. Further comparisons by means of morphology, cultural characteristics, and DNA sequence analysis of the ITS, calmodulin, and actin gene regions delineated two groups within P. griseola, which are recognised as two formae, namely ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567889 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567888&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee S, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Eight pestalotioid fungi were isolated from the Restionaceae growing in the Cape Floral Kingdom of South Africa. Sarcostroma restionis, Truncatella megaspora, T. restionacearum and T. spadicea are newly described. New records include Pestalotiopsis matildae, Sarcostroma lomatiae, Truncatella betulae and T. hartigii. To resolve generic affiliations, phylogenetic analyses were performed on ITS (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and part of 28S rDNA. DNA data support the original generic concept of Truncatella, which encompasses Pestalotiopsis species having 3-septate conidia. The genus Sarcostroma is retained as separate from Seimatosporium. PMID: 18490978 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Studies in Mycology) Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567888 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567887&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Groenewald M, Caldwell P, Braun U, Harrington TC Grey leaf spot is a serious yield-reducing disease of maize (Zea mays) in many parts of the world where this crop is cultivated. The causal organism associated with the disease is Cercospora zeae-maydis. Two potential sibling species have been recognized as Groups I and II. The DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 & ITS2), the 5.8S rRNA gene, elongation factor 1-alpha, histone H3, actin and calmodulin gene regions suggest that Groups I and II are two distinct species. Furthermore, Cercospora zeae-maydis (Group I) can be distinguished from C. zeina sp. nov. (Group II) by its faster growth rate on artificial media, the ability to produce cercosporin, longer conidiophores, and broadl... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567887 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567886&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roets F, de Beer ZW, Dreyer LL, Zipfel R, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ Ophiostoma represents a genus of fungi that are mostly arthropod-dispersed and have a wide global distribution. The best known of these fungi are carried by scolytine bark beetles that infest trees, but an interesting guild of Ophiostoma spp. occurs in the infructescences of Protea spp. native to South Africa. Phylogenetic relationships between Ophiostoma spp. from Protea infructescences were studied using DNA sequence data from the beta-tubulin, 5.8S ITS (including the flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2) and the large subunit DNA regions. Two new species, O. phasma sp. nov. and O. palmiculminatum sp. nov. are described and compared with other Ophiostoma spp. occurring in the same niche. Results of thi... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567886 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567885&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Risède JM, Simoneau P, Hyde KD The present study compares all known species of Cylindrocladium that have clavate vesicles. Several isolates were obtained from baited soils collected in various parts of the world, while others were associated with leaf litter or symptomatic plant hosts. Isolates were compared based on morphology, as well as DNA sequence data from their beta-tubulin and histone gene H3 regions. Cylindrocladium australiense and Cy. ecuadoriae, are described as new species, a decision based on morphology and molecular data. A group of isolates associated with toppling disease of banana in the West Indies is identified as Cy. flexuosum. An epitype is designated for Cy. ilicicola, and a new name, Curvicladiella, proposed to replace the ... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567885 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567884&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490982%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Halleen F, Schroers HJ, Groenewald JZ, Rego C, Oliveira H, Crous PW Black foot disease is a serious disease of grapevine crops in most areas where vines are grown. Mainly two species of Cylindrocarpon, C. destructans and C. macrodidymum, are associated with this disease. Recent studies have revealed a tremendous molecular variation within the former but only slight molecular variation within the latter, indicating that C. destructans presents a complex of several species The present study elucidates the taxonomic status of C. destructans-like isolates associated with black foot disease of grapevines. Grapevine isolates were studied morphologically, subjected to DNA analyses of their ITS and partial beta-tubulin genes, and were mated in all combinations in vitro. Cylindrocarpon... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567884 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567883&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crous PW, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Rheeder J, Marasas WF, Philips AJ, Alves A, Burgess T, Barber P, Groenewald JZ Botryosphaeria is a species-rich genus with a cosmopolitan distribution, commonly associated with dieback and cankers of woody plants. As many as 18 anamorph genera have been associated with Botryosphaeria, most of which have been reduced to synonymy under Diplodia (conidia mostly ovoid, pigmented, thick-walled), or Fusicoccum (conidia mostly fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled). However, there are numerous conidial anamorphs having morphological characteristics intermediate between Diplodia and Fusicoccum, and there are several records of species outside the Botryosphaeriaceae that have anamorphs apparently typical of Botryosphaeria s.str. Recent studies have also linke... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567883 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567882&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakabonge G, Gryzenhout M, Roux J, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ In a survey for Cryphonectria and Chrysoporthe species on Myrtales in South Africa, a fungus resembling the stem canker pathogen Chrysoporthe austroafricana was collected from native Syzygium cordatum near Tzaneen (Limpopo Province), Heteropyxis canescens near Lydenburg (Mpumalanga Province) and exotic Tibouchina granulosa in Durban (KwaZulu-Natal Province). The fungus was associated with dying branches and stems on S. cordatum, H.canescens and T.granulosa. However, morphological differences were detected between the unknown fungus from these three hosts and known species of Chrysoporthe. The aim of this study was to characterise the fungus using DNA sequence comparisons and morphological features. Pathogenicity tes... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567882 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567881&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou X, de Beer ZW, Wingfield MJ BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: Scolytinae) are well-recognized vectors of Ophiostoma species. Three non-native bark beetle species infest various Pinus species in South Africa, and they are known to carry at least 12 different species of ophiostomatoid fungi. Some of these fungi have not been identified to species level. The aim of this study was to determine or confirm the identities of Ophiostoma species associated with bark beetles in South Africa using comparisons of DNA sequence data. Identities of Ophiostoma ips, O. floccosum, O. pluriannulatum, O. quercus and O. stenoceras were confirmed. Ophiostoma abietinum, O. piliferum and Pesotum fragrans are recognised for the first time and the new species, O. aurorae sp. nov., is described from pine-i... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567881 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567880&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490986%26dopt%3DAbstract This study records a severe outbreak of a disease on Zizyphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. The causal agent of the disease was found to be Coniodictyum chevalieri, a fungus previously believed to be very rare. Detailed illustrations of the symptoms and fungus are presented in order to facilitate future studies. The known geographical distribution of Coniodictyum is presented in relation to the distribution of its host, and a short review of its systematic history is also given. This also treats an invalidly published species name in South Africa, which has confused the literature. A DNA-based phylogeny is presented for the pathogen and this reflects the unique nature of its geographical distribution and biology. PMID: 18490986 [PubMed - in proce... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567880 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567879&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Beer ZW, Begerow D, Bauer R, Pegg GS, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ The genus Quambalaria consists of plant-pathogenic fungi causing disease on leaves and shoots of species of Eucalyptus and its close relative, Corymbia. The phylogenetic relationship of Quambalaria spp., previously classified in genera such as Sporothrix and Ramularia, has never been addressed. It has, however, been suggested that they belong to the basidiomycete orders Exobasidiales or Ustilaginales. The aim of this study was thus to consider the ordinal relationships of Q. eucalypti and Q. pitereka using ribosomal LSU sequences. Sequence data from the ITS nrDNA were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the two Quambalaria species together with Fugomyces (= Cerinosterus) cyanescens. In addition to s... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567879 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567878&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Overton BE, Stewart EL, Geiser DM, Jaklitsch WM Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from three genomic regions - the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat, a partial sequence of RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and a partial sequence of translation elongation factor (tef1) - were used to investigate the systematics of Hypocrea citrina and related species. A neotype specimen is designated for H. citrina that conforms to Persoon's description of a yellow effuse fungus occurring on leaf litter. Historical information and results obtained in this study provide the foundation for selection of a lectotype specimen from Fries's herbarium for H. lactea. The results indicate that (1) Hypocrea citrina and H. pulvinat... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567878 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567877&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Overton BE, Stewart EL, Geiser DM Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat, a partial sequence of RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and a partial sequence of the large exon of tef1 (LEtef1) were used to investigate the taxonomy and systematics of nine Hypocrea species with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma sect. Hypocreanum. Hypocrea corticioides and H. sulphurea are reevaluated. Their Trichoderma anamorphs are described and the phylogenetic positions of these species are determined. Hypocrea sulphurea and H. subcitrina are distinct species based on studies of the type specimens. Hypocrea egmontensis is a facultative synonym of the older name H. subcitrina. Hypocre... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567877 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567876&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samuels GJ, Dodd SL, Lu BS, Petrini O, Schroers HJ, Druzhinina IS The morphological concept of Trichoderma koningii is found to include several species that differ from each other in details of phenotype (including conidium morphology, growth rate) and biogeography. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing partial sequences of the translation-elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), as well as fragments of actin and calmodulin genes, indicate that phenotypic characters typical of T. koningii evolved independently in three well-separated main lineages. Combined molecular and phenotype data lead to the development of a taxonomy with the recognition of twelve taxonomic species and one variety within the three lineages. These lineages include: (1) T. koningii and T. ovalisporum and the new specie... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567876 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1567875&cid=s_37237_62_f&fid=37237&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18490991%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jaklitsch WM, Samuels GJ, Dodd SL, Lu BS, Druzhinina IS The type species of the genus Hypocrea (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi), H. rufa, is re-defined and epitypified using a combination of phenotype (morphology of teleomorphs and anamorphs, and characteristics in culture) and phylogenetic analyses of the translation-elongation factor 1alpha gene. Its anamorph, T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma, is re-described and epitypified. Eidamia viridescens is combined as Trichoderma viridescens and is recognised as one of the most morphologically and phylogenetically similar relatives of T. viride. Its teleomorph is newly described as Hypocrea viridescens. Contrary to frequent citations of H. rufa and T. viride in the literature, this species is relatively rare.... Studies in Mycology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1567875 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1567875