MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Survey of Ophthalmology' source. Thu, 11 Mar 2010 15:33:25 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264955&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625710000068%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264955 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:54 +0100 3264955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264954&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625710000238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Ezra D.G., Beaconsfield M., and Collin R. Floppy Eyelid Syndrome: Stretching the Limits. Surv Ophthalmol. 2010;55:35-46 On page 36, top of right column, of the above article, the reference number 39 is incorrectly cited in place of reference number 23. The correct set references is “11,23,24,69,76,82” and the sentence should read, “The mean age was 51 (range 31—80 years). In recent years, the understanding of the demographic spectrum of FES has expanded as more cases have been reported, and we now know that women and children are also ffected,11,23,24,69,76,82 although the most commonly affected group remains obese men aged 40–69.” (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264954 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:54 +0100 3264954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264953&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709003063%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In ophthalmology One hundred years ago, (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264953 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:54 +0100 3264953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264952&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002586%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I would like to thank Dr. Lipsky for pointing out that in the study referenced a superior hinge actually increased dry eye signs and symptoms as compared to a nasal hinge. As the first author of both “Topical ophthalmic cyclosporine: pharmacology and clinical uses” in Survey of Ophthalmology and the reference in question “The effect of hinge position on corneal sensation and dry eye after LASIK” in the journal Ophthalmology I am doubly appreciative of having the opportunity to correct my own reference in this paper. In addition he is correct that it was 0.05% cyclosporine that was favored in the FDA trials. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264952 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:54 +0100 3264952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264951&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002045%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To the Editor: On page 330 of the article “Topical Ophthalmic Cyclosporine: Pharmacology and Clinical Uses” by Donnenfeld et al published in the May–June 2009 issue (Surv Ophthalmol. 2009;54:321–38) under section VII.D. Treatment of Lasik-Associated Dry Eye, the authors state, “Increasing the hinge width and placement of the hinge superiorly have been found to decrease the risk of exacerbating or causing dry eye.” However the reference cited (Donnenfeld et al. The effect of hinge position on corneal sensation and dry eye after LASIK. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1023–9) states that,The long posterior corneal nerves, which innervate the cornea, enter the eye at 3- and 9- O'clock. A superior-hinge flap transects both arms of the neuroplexus, whereas a nasal hinge transects only th... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264951 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:54 +0100 3264951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264945&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001593%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The terms uveal effusion, choroidal effusion, ciliochoroidal effusion, ciliochoroidal detachment, and choroidal detachment have been used interchangeably in the literature. These labels all describe an abnormal collection of fluid that expands the suprachoroidal space, producing internal elevation of the choroidal. There are various inflammatory and hydrostatic conditions that can cause uveal effusion, but in some cases no obvious cause exists. In this setting, patients are thought to have a distinct, primary abnormality of the choroid or sclera, called uveal effusion syndrome (UES). UES may be idiopathic, or associated with hypermetropia, and should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion. Histological studies show amorphous glycosaminoglycan-like material filling the interfibril... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264945 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:53 +0100 3264945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264944&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900191X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly employed in ophthalmology to reduce miosis and inflammation, manage scleritis, and prevent and treat cystoid macular edema associated with cataract surgery. In addition, they may decrease postoperative pain and photophobia associated with refractive surgery and may reduce the itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved new topical NSAIDs, and previously approved NSAIDs have been reformulated. These additions and changes result in different pharmacokinetics and dosing intervals, which may offer therapeutic advantages. For example, therapeutic effects on diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration may now be achievable. We provide an ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264944 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:53 +0100 3264944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264943&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002677%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The old saw about the three degrees of fictitiousness—lies, damned lies, and statistics—is an exaggeration. Closer to the truth is that statistical analysis lies at the basis of our understanding of disease and other natural phenomena. Consider the pivotal importance of statistical analysis in the sequencing of the genome. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264943 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:52:53 +0100 3264943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264946&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900157X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Review of the substantial literature reveals that the importance of performance-based measures of visual function is becoming increasingly recognized. Alone, or in combination with other assessment modalities, they have been shown to provide a reliable and valid means of evaluating visual ability. Further, they have been demonstrated to predict outcomes better than self-report or clinical measures alone. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264946 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3264946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087298&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002768%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087298 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:47 +0100 3087298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087297&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002719%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I bore witness to its birth A cloud that billowed (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087297 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:47 +0100 3087297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087296&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002707%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This two-volume set is the first comprehensive textbook of glaucoma since publication of the second edition of The Glaucomas by Ritch, Krupin, and Shields in 1996, the reference standard for many years. With the exponential increase in the volume of information over the past decade and a half spanning the entire discipline from pathophysiology and genetics to diagnostics and treatment—in particular data from the major NEI clinical trials that have heavily impacted the management of glaucoma—an authoritative textbook incorporating these critical updates has been lacking. Glaucoma has 242 authors from 28 countries, including most of the usual major contributors to the literature. There are 8 sections in volume 1 and 10 in volume 2. It reads easily and is clinically oriented, with less em... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087296 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:47 +0100 3087296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087295&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002653%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Two well experienced surgeons took on the task of producing a two-volume book covering eyelid and periorbital surgery. Their approach was to coordinate written text, photographs, color drawings, and surgical videos—an enormous endeavor. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087295 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:47 +0100 3087295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087294&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001532%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Has cornea surgery and associated technology changed much over the past 10 years? Absolutely—Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, femtosecond laser used for keratoplasty and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, custom LASIK surgery, iris registration, phakic IOL, collagen cross linking, and Scheimpflug-based corneal topography were not available for our patients in 1999, when the third edition of Corneal Surgery: Theory, Technique, and Tissue was published. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087294 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:47 +0100 3087294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087289&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001908%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common clinical presentation of acute ischemic damage to the optic nerve. Most treatments proposed for NAION are empirical and include a wide range of agents presumed to act on thrombosis, on the blood vessels, or on the disk edema itself. Others are presumed to have a neuroprotective effect. Although there have been multiple therapies attempted, most have not been adequately studied, and animal models of NAION have only recently emerged. The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, the only class I large multicenter prospective treatment trial for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, found no benefit from surgical intervention. One recent large, nonrandomized controlled study suggested that ora... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087289 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:47 +0100 3087289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087286&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900188X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Survey of Ophthalmology is intended to provide readable, searchable access to the current ophthalmic literature. Last year, at the suggestion of Pamela Sieving of the National Institutes of Health Library, we revised our reference citations to the more standard Vancouver format, which is more compatible with programs that search the literature and is what most readers and authors who publish in ophthalmology journals are accustomed to. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087286 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 14:54:46 +0100 3087286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087290&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001404%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Glaucoma management may be extremely challenging, especially in elderly patients who have a variety of systemic diseases and take multiple medications. We obtained a comprehensive medical history in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to determine which systemic diseases are most prevalent and which systemic medications are most commonly used. We have also reviewed the literature that addresses how these concomitant diseases and medical treatments influence the management of glaucoma. Knowledge of systemic diseases and potential drug interactions, especially between various systemic and glaucoma medications, is important for the safe management of glaucoma patients. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087290 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3087290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087287&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001374%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present the current knowledge on the ocular ischemic syndrome. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087287 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3087287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087288&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001398%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Floppy eyelid syndrome is a distressing condition that can cause significant morbidity and vision loss. Many systemic and ocular associations have been proposed, most notably keratoconus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Although conservative treatments can sometimes be effective, a wide variety of surgical treatments to tighten the upper eyelid have been described. The underlying pathogenesis remains elusive, although progress has been made in the identification of extracellular matrix changes in the tarsal plate. This systematic review discusses the issues surrounding ambiguities in the definition of floppy eyelid syndrome as well as what is currently known about its clinical features, ocular and systemic associations, pathological changes, and proposed theories of... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087288 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3087288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874128&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002331%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874128 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 10:05:09 +0100 2874128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874127&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002082%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The first refraction that I did In ophthalmology, (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874127 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 10:05:09 +0100 2874127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874126&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001891%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The editors of Survey of Ophthalmology recognize the heightened interest of physicians and the public in heritable ocular disorders and as a result are introducing a new section, Genetics in Ophthalmology. To date, the Current Research section of Survey has acted as the repository for information on advances in genetics as applied to ophthalmology; for example, the recent paper by Liu and colleagues highlights the potential for gene therapy in glaucoma. We will be soliciting papers of general interest on new advances in medical genetics as applied to ophthalmology and reviews that highlight the genetics of both rare and common ocular conditions and systemic disorders that affect the eye. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874126 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 10:05:09 +0100 2874126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874123&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709002070%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The ophthalmological world is on edge as the title holder for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is under threat from an apparent amateur. These two challengers have yet to compete head-to-head under the same (study) conditions. Both competitors, ranibizumab (trade name Lucentis) and bevacizumab (trade name Avastin) are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) inhibitors and both are derived from the same monoclonal antibody. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874123 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 10:05:08 +0100 2874123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264948&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001878%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A 60-year-old man presented with vitritis and optic neuropathy in the setting of headaches and behavioral changes. MRI brain revealed bilateral temporal lobe inflammation consistent with limbic encephalitis. He was subsequently diagnosed with small cell lung cancer with a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by CRMP5 IgG as a cause of his symptoms. His visual symptoms improved markedly after anti-inflammatory therapy and his cognitive symptoms were mildly better following systemic chemotherapy. The clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and therapy of CRMP5 associated paraneoplastic syndromes are discussed. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264948 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3264948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264949&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001611%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We describe a revision of this logarithmic model to extend it patients with surgery before 3 months of age. We also analyze the variance in the rate of refractive growth, based on data from pseudophakic children with the longest follow-up in proportion to age. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264949 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3264949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264950&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900160X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: More than 200 universal languages have been proposed to replace the nearly 3,000 existing languages. Esperanto, developed by the Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist Ludwik Zamenhof in 1887, became the most widely used artificial language of the 20th century. It is estimated that between one million and 15 million people in the world can speak or read Esperanto. Zamenhof was nominated 14 times for the Nobel Peace Prize, and also received the French Legion of Honor, and the Medal of Isabelle of Spain the Catholic. Ludwik Zamenhof started his professional training in ophthalmology at the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw, later spent several months in Vienna, and finally started a private ophthalmology practice in Warsaw, where he remained for most of his life. His son Adam was an associate profe... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264950 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3264950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087293&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001556%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In antiquity the aqueous humor was seen as essential to moisten and nourish the lens— the actual organ of vision—and therefore any loss was believed to lead to blindness. The recuperation of the eye after some aqueous loss during cataract couching and experimental loss in animals slowly undermined this idea in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century production of aqueous from the ciliary region and its outflow from the anterior chamber, and thus its circulation, was generally accepted. Early in the 19th century the aqueous was thought to be encapsulated, but by the end of the century the general dynamic principles of aqueous flow as we know them today were experimentally and clinically confirmed. The controversy concerning its mode of production and circulation that ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087293 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3087293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087291&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001568%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We describe a dramatic central epicorneal polypoidal lipodermoid coloboma accompanied by an upper eyelid coloboma that was not associated with Goldenhar syndrome. Histopathologically the excised lesion displayed superficial layers of epidermis and a thin dermis with eccrine glands, vestigial hair structures, and bundles of arrector pili smooth muscle that extended from the undersurface of the epidermis to the bulge area of the primitive hairs. This last feature is not present in normal eyelid skin nor in the conjunctiva, and has not been previously documented to occur in epibulbar dermoids and lipodermoids. S-100-positive dendritic melanocytes and CD1a-positive Langerhans cells were both observed intraepidermally, indicating a complete complement of normal cells in this layer. Beneath the ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087291 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3087291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264947&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001581%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A 23-year-old pregnant woman presented with a rapidly progressive unilateral optic neuropathy. The evaluation was complicated by her being pregnant and the issues surrounding the evaluation and management of the pregnant patient with a neuro-ophthalmic finding is discussed. Eventually an orbital apex lesion was found and proved to be an orbital schwannoma. Rapid growth of an orbital schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of progressive visual loss in a pregnant patient. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264947 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3264947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874125&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001180%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We provide a historical perspective on the rainbow, with a review of early research and observations regarding the rainbow's origin and a discussion of some of the major contributors to our current understanding of what the rainbow represents. An overview of the various types of rainbows is undertaken. We conclude with a discussion of the rainbow's link to refraction, light, the visual system, and perception. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874125 Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874124&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001520%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A 71-year-old African American woman presented with severe vision loss in her left eye one day following trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and retrobulbar anesthesia. She had a new left relative afferent pupillary defect and macular whitening. The optic disc appeared normal. Intraocular pressure and fluorescein angiography were normal. Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were elevated. Temporal artery biopsy was positive for giant cell arteritis. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874124 Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087292&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001386%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A 75-year-old woman with painful visual loss was diagnosed with ocular ischemic syndrome secondary to restenosis of the carotid artery following endarterectomy. She underwent carotid artery stenting, which has become an alternative to carotid endarectomy for primary carotid stenosis but is now also becoming more popular for recurrent carotid artery stenosis. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087292 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3087292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874122&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001179%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present a case of an orbital mass that was a recurrence of multiple myeloma. A literature search was performed to evaluate the presentation characteristics of orbital multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma and primary (or solitary) extramedullary plasmacytoma. Past reports were analyzed for age, sex, symptoms at presentation, time from symptom onset to presentation, prior diagnosis before presentation for orbital symptoms, radiological characteristics, immunoglobulin subtype, and survival times. Less than half of published cases had orbital multiple myeloma as the primary presentation. Proptosis is the major presenting sign of orbital multiple myeloma, and radiological evaluation shows that the majority of masses originate in the superotemporal quadrant. The dominant immunoglobulin subtype was ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874122 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874121&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001192%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and its more severe variant, toxic epidermal necrolysis, have relatively low overall incidence; however, this disease presents with high morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients develop ocular inflammation and ulceration at the acute stage. Due to the hidden nature of these ocular lesions and the concentration of effort toward life-threatening issues, current acute management has not devised a strategy to preclude blinding cicatricial complications. This review summarizes recent literature data, showing how sight-threatening corneal complications can progressively develop from cicatricial pathologies of lid margin, tarsus, and fornix at the chronic stage. It illustrates how such pathologies can be prevented with the early intervention of cryopres... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874121 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697888&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001647%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697888 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697887&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001830%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Liang S.Y.-W., Lee G.A., and Shields D. Self-tonometry in Glaucoma Management—Past, Present and Future. Surv Opthalmol. 2009;54:450-462 On page 456, right column, of the above article, 3 μm was incorrectly published as 3 mm. The sentence should read, “For a corneal radius of 7.8 mm, a change in IOP of 1 mm Hg produces a change of 3 μm in the central corneal curvature.59,70” (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697887 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697886&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001519%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Another meeting, Another greeting. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697886 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697885&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000782%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Galileo Galilei became blind. Before this happened he revealed that his left eye had always had less than perfect vision. A study of his written works, his handwriting, and the originals of the portraits undertaken during his lifetime indicate that this probably was the case. These portraits suggest that his left eye tended to lose fixation and that, at the age of 60, he suffered from a mucocoele of the right frontal sinus; but these conditions would not have caused blindness. Considering the systemic diseases from which he suffered over his lifetime, he could possibly have had a long standing uveitis with secondary pupillary block glaucoma, common in those with the group of conditions classified as sero-negative arthropathies. Posterior scleritis with secondary glaucoma is less ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697885 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697884&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900068X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bernard Schwartz, MD, PhD (1927–2007) was first and foremost a scholar. He was a teacher, serving as Professor of ophthalmology for many years at Tufts University; an administrator, chairing the department of ophthalmology for over 20 years; a clinician, practicing primarily in the field of glaucoma; a scientist with a broad interest in ophthalmic research; an historian, especially of medical history; and an editor, primarily of Survey of Ophthalmology. Throughout all of his activities, the central theme was always scholarship. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697884 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697883&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900109X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We describe a young woman in whom this disorder was associated with the administration of epinephrine. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697883 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697882&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001106%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Vital dyes have advanced diagnosis and surgical technique in various specialties, including oncology, gastroenterology, and ophthalmology. In ocular surgery vital dyes are widely used in cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Worldwide, intra-operative use of trypan blue during cataract surgery has enhanced visualization of the anterior capsule during capsulorrhexis, and patent blue has been recently licensed in Europe for cataract surgery. For chromovitrectomy, the vital dyes indocyanine green, infracyanine green, and brilliant blue stain the internal limiting membrane, and trypan blue and triamcinolone acetonide help visualize epiretinal membranes and vitreous, respectively. Intra-operative vital dyes are finding uses in corneal, glaucoma, orbit, strabismus, and conjunctival surge... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697882 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:54 +0100 2697882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697881&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000678%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Three elderly patients with a clinical diagnosis of posterior crocodile shagreen of the cornea underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Each of the patients had the characteristic symmetrical, polygonal opacities with indistinct edges and intervening clear spaces in the central posterior corneal stroma. Electron microscopic examination of the keratoplasty specimens disclosed the presence of vacuoles throughout the corneal stroma, many of which contained electron-dense material. The vacuoles were observed with increasing density posteriorly and were most concentrated adjacent to the anterior banded portion of Descemet's membrane. A sawtooth-like configuration of the stromal collagenous lamellae was noted in the posterior cornea in one case. We reviewed the three cases of central cornea... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697881 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:53 +0100 2697881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697880&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001544%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of orbital tumors and inflammatory disease. Both external beam teletherapy and implant brachytherapy radiation techniques are employed. External beam radiation therapy is the most common. It involves directing an external radiation source towards the eye, sinuses, and orbit. Whereas most patients are treated with linear accelerator–derived external beam radiation therapy, proton, neutron stereotactic radiosurgery, gamma knife, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy have become more available in developed countries. Radiation can be used alone or together with surgery or chemotherapy. Implant radiation therapy (brachytherapy) is also used to treat orbital tumors. Brachytherapy involves surgical placement of radiation sources ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697880 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:53 +0100 2697880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697879&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000794%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this review is to offer an inclusive classification of orbital disease–related intraocular pressure change, not only for oculoplastics and glaucoma specialists, but also for general ophthalmologists. Various orbital conditions associated with increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma are comprehensively summarized, and pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of these diseases are discussed. Graves disease, arterio-venous shunts, trauma, and orbital neoplasia, and other common conditions are discussed in detail; less frequent syndromes such as orbitocraniofacial deformities, phakomatoses, and mucopolysaccharidoses are included for the sake of comprehensiveness, but discussed less extensively. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697879 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 10:48:52 +0100 2697879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874120&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000654%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder affecting low birth weight infants. Although timely diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications, ROP remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Limitations of current disease management strategies include extensive travel and logistical coordination requirements for ophthalmologists and neonatologists, decreasing availability of adequately trained ophthalmologists at the point of care, variability in how retinal findings are diagnosed and documented, and a growing need for ROP care worldwide. Store-and-forward telemedicine is an emerging technology by which medical data are captured for subsequent interpretation by a remote expert. This has potential to improve ac... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874120 Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874119&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000666%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Our understanding of plus disease as an important sign for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has gradually been refined over the past 30 years. As a result of the Early Treatment for ROP (ETROP) randomized trial, the presence of plus disease is now the primary indication for laser treatment. Since the Cryotherapy for ROP trial first introduced a standard photograph as the minimum abnormality necessary for diagnosing plus disease, an intermediate level of vascular dilatation and tortuosity (pre-plus disease) has been defined. However, the recognition of plus disease remains problematic, primarily because of its subjective nature. As our understanding of the pathologic basis for plus disease in ROP grows, objective methods of recognizing and measuring retinal vascular abnorma... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874119 Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874118&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001167%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven means to slow or halt disease progression among those at higher risk of developing glaucoma and those with early to moderate or more advanced glaucoma. Recent publications have highlighted the potential for increased rates or likelihood of worsening glaucoma among those with larger IOP swings within defined time periods. The purpose of this systematic, comprehensive review and analysis of the literature was to assess the state of knowledge in the area of IOP changes over time and the potential impact of such changes on treatment. Current literature indicates that a random IOP measurement is a poor surrogate for IOP levels throughout the day and across v... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874118 Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2874118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493358&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709001222%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493358 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493357&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000770%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes If you're an ophthalmologist You'll need no hints to get the gist (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493357 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493356&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000721%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report our 5-year experience with an implementation matrix for translating the national ACGME mandate into local compliance. We identify the barriers encountered by our Task Force in local implementation and propose practice solutions based upon our experience for overcoming the cultural, institutional, financial, and other barriers to success. We hope that our institutional work and experience will stimulate other programs to participate more fully in the ACGME Outcomes Project. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493356 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493355&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000691%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A 46-year-old man presented with acute confusional syndrome, ataxia, dysarthria, and right hemiparesthesia. Brain MRI showed small bilateral infarcts and fluorescein angiography revealed multiple peripheral retinal infarcts bilaterally. No visual loss was present, and no other organs were involved. The diagnosis of Susac syndrome (microangiopathy of the brain, retina and cochlea) was made and immunosuppressive therapy begun. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493355 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493354&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000708%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Mitomycin C has played a deciding role in the current revival of excimer laser surface ablation techniques. We review the literature regarding mechanism of action of mitomycin C, histological effects on the cornea, and indications, dose, exposure time, and toxicity of mitomycin C in corneal refractive surgery. Mitomycin C is an alkylating agent with cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects that reduces the myofibroblast repopulation after laser surface ablation and, therefore, reduces the risk of postoperative corneal haze. It is used prophylactically to avoid haze after primary surface ablation and therapeutically to treat pre-existing haze. There is no definite evidence that establishes an exact diopter limit or ablation depth at which to apply prophylactic mitomycin C. It is us... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493354 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493353&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900071X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In a chronic disease such as glaucoma, a therapy that provides a long lasting local effect with minimal systemic side effects, while circumventing the issue of patient compliance, is very attractive. The field of gene therapy is growing rapidly and ocular applications are expanding. Our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glaucoma is leading to greater specificity in ocular tissue targeting. Improvements in gene delivery techniques, refinement of vector construction methods, and development of better animal models combine to bring this potential therapy closer to reality. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493353 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493352&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000757%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, or Batten disease, is the most common type of NCL in the United States and Europe. This devastating disorder presents with vision failure and progresses to include seizures, motor dysfunction, and dementia. Death usually occurs in the third decade, but some patients die before age twenty. Though the mechanism of visual failure remains poorly understood, recent advances in molecular genetics have improved diagnostic testing and suggested possible therapeutic strategies. The ophthalmologist plays a crucial role in both early diagnosis and documentation of progression of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. We update Batten disease research, particularly as it relates to the eye, and present various theories on the pathophysiology of reti... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493352 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493351&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000745%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Diagnosis and management of glaucoma is significantly associated with intraocular pressure, but contemporary office-based measurements are not sufficient to discover diurnal changes and spikes, nor do they demonstrate the effect of medication and compliance. Patient-directed self-tonometry can be taken throughout the day and is therefore the subject of much discussion and research. In this article we review the history of self-tonometry devices and present technologies for the future. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493351 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493350&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000733%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Orbital compartment syndrome is an uncommon, ophthalmic surgical emergency characterized by an acute rise in orbital pressure. When intraorbital tension rises, damage to ocular and other intraorbital structures, including irreversible blindness, may occur if not promptly treated. The diagnosis of orbital compartment syndrome is completely clinical and early recognition and emergent orbital decompression (even prior to imaging) is essential in preventing permanent vision loss. Lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis remain the mainstays of management. More extensive incision of the orbital septum and orbital bony decompression may be necessary in unresponsive cases. This review discusses the various etiologies and mechanisms resulting in orbital compartment syndrome, clinical ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493350 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493349&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000769%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common surgical procedure for treatment of refractive errors worldwide. Most of its complications are related to the refractive outcome or to corneal and anterior segment injury and wound healing. We review published posterior segment complications of LASIK, current clinical and experimental hypotheses explaining the occurrence of these events, and their management and outcome. Vitreoretinal complications after LASIK are very rare, and a cause–effect relationship between LASIK and reported posterior segment complications has not been proven. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493349 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:03:30 +0100 2493349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481374&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900054X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes 1 A small area (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481374 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481373&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000526%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I am glad to learn that the ICO is seeking wide input for an ICD-11. Another recent development is that the National Center for Health Statistics announced that ICD-10 replaced ICD-9 for classifying mortality on death certificates as of January 1, 2009. An updated 2009 draft of ICD-10-CM has also been posted on their Web site (www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/icd9/icd10cm.htm) with an “anticipated implementation date” of October 1, 2013. Given the efforts in progress described by Drs Kashii and Colenbrandner to produce an ICD-11, it would be unfortunate if this next revision has to wait another decade or more after its completion before it can be used in the United States. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481373 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481372&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000514%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To the Editor: In response to Dr. Gittinger's editorial “Is the code already broken?” (Surv Ophthalmol 2008;53:425), we would like to offer the following information. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481372 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481371&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000502%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We thank Professor Belkin for his interest in our point/counterpoint article in which we argue that the differences between argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) are negligible and that ALT should continue to be considered the “gold standard.” He accuses us of applying a double standard by not providing a reference to our statement that “SLT can also result in significant peripheral anterior synechiae” [PAS], implying that this statement is anecdote only and that we do not acknowledge and similarly weight presentations at symposia regarding the repeatability of SLT. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481371 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481370&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000496%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To the Editor: On page 644 of the article “Argon laser trabeculoplasty versus selective laser trabeculoplasty” by Pham et al published in the November–December 2008 issue (Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53:641–54), the following sentence appears without a reference: “SLT can also result in significant peripheral anterior synechiae.” This statement seems to be untrue, and as far as I know there is no reference to such occurrences in the literature or in conference presentation. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481370 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481369&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000484%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We thank Drs. Erol and Topba for their input and interest in our review on intravitreal triamcinolone for macular edema. We agree with them that, although rare, clinicians and patients should be aware of the possibility of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis or acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA). This year another case report of CMV retinitis following IVTA occured in an immunocompetent patient. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481369 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481368&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000472%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To the Editor: Dr Matthew A. Cunnigham et al recently published a comprehensive review on intravitreal steroids for macular edema (Intravitreal steroids for macular edema. The past, the present and the future. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53:139–49). In this review, potential complications of intravitreal corticosteroid treatment were divided into steroid-related and injection-related adverse effects. Steroid-related side effects included primarily cataract formation and an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Injection-related side effects included retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, bacterial endophthalmitis, non-infectious endophthalmitis, and pseudo-endophthalmitis. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481368 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481367&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000460%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We thank Drs. Grosso and Panico for their interest in our review on intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) for macular edema, and for sharing her experience with intravitreal dexamethasone combined with ranibizumab for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. We are curious as to the rationale for performing a 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy prior to the dexamethasone injection, versus simply injecting dexamethasone intravitreally without vitrectomy. It is well known that pars plana vitrectomy has inherent complications, including retinal breaks, post-operative retinal tears, cataract formation, to name a few. Addionally, Kunimoto et al and Scott et al showed rates of endophthalmitis following 25-gauge vitrectomy of 0.23% and 0.84%, respectively; however, the study designs were not adequate to... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481367 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481366&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000459%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To the Editor: We would like to comment on the paper by Cunningham et al published in the March–April 2008 issue of Survey of Ophthalmology (Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53(2):139–49). (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481366 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481365&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000423%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Franz Fankhauser is known as the father of automated perimetry and of the q-switched Nd:YAG laser knife. His 15-year journey to computerize perimetry started in 1958 with unsuccessful attempts to automate kinetic perimetry. The switch to using static perimetry resulted in a breakthrough in 1973, and in 1975 the OCTOPUS perimeter came on the market. At the same time Fankhauser was working on the use of light sources for the treatment of ocular tissues. During his career, Fankhauser worked in very close collaboration with mathematicians, physicists, engineers. One of the most astonishing characteristics of Fankhauser was his ability to find and to motivate young scientists to work as a cohesive group for his projects. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481365 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481364&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000411%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The medical–legal problem of occult traumatic optic neuropathy diagnosed in patients who actually have feigned visual loss (malingering) is reviewed along with guidelines for suspecting and differentiating feigned visual loss from true traumatic optic neuropathy. We explain why we feel the term occult optic neuropathy is inappropriate and misleading, and the medical–legal consequences of this misdiagnosis are discussed. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481364 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481363&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000368%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Combined central retinal vein and central retinal artery occlusion is a rare complication of compressive or infiltrative optic nerve disease. In this case combined retinal arterial and venous occlusive disease was the presenting sign of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the optic nerve sheath. An optic nerve sheath biopsy led to the diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware that retinal vascular disease can be due to optic nerve disorders including metastatic carcinoma. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481363 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481362&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000435%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Histopathology of young individuals affected by choroideremia is rarely available to allow correlation with the clinical presentation. A 30-year-old man with choroideremia died in a motor vehicle accident and one eye was subjected to histopathological examination. Immunoblot analysis of protein derived from white blood cells of a living brother, also affected with choroideremia, confirmed the absence of Rab escort protein-1, the normal CHM gene product. Direct sequencing of the coding region and adjacent splice sites of the CHM gene was undertaken on genomic DNA from the living brother and revealed a transition mutation, C to T, in exon 6 (R253X) which resulted in a stop codon and was predicted to truncate the protein product. Histopathological examination of the eye of the decea... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481362 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481361&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000393%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The use of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) has greatly expanded since its introduction into ophthalmic care 3 years ago. A PubMed search on 1 August 2008 revealed 51 ocular disease processes that have been treated with bevacizumab. The majority of publications consist of case reports or retrospective case series and their number is increasing quickly. It is important to collate the experiences gained to date to properly inform our clinical decision making and improve the design of future clinical trials. Current studies cannot easily be combined in a meta-analysis given the lack of standardized data and the wide variety of disorders studied in small numbers. This paper will describe the attempted uses of intravitreal bevacizumab and its efficacy for each ocular disease in addi... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481361 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481360&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000447%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Eyelid involvement is common in facial burns. Ocular sequelae, including corneal ulceration, are usually preventable and secondary to the development of eyelid deformities, exposure keratopathy, and rarely, orbital compartment syndrome. Early ophthalmic review and prophylactic ocular lubrication is mandatory in burns involving the eyelids. Early surgical intervention, often requiring repeat procedures, is indicated if eyelid retraction causing corneal exposure occurs. Permanent visual impairment is rare with such prompt management. No binding aphorisms exist regarding the tissue used for eyelid reconstruction, with each case requiring an individual approach based on available skin. This review article covers the principles of ophthalmic management in addition to intermediate and ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481360 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481359&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900040X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Regular exercise is a healthy lifestyle choice with numerous benefits to general health. Ophthalmologists may face questions of the benefits or risks of exercise to eyes. Here the effects of acute exertion and regular physical activity on ocular physiology and disease are reviewed. Intraocular pressure is transiently reduced by dynamic exercise. For the great majority of patients exercise is beneficial to the eyes by reducing risk of central retinal vein occlusion and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and by improving control of systemic hypertension and diabetes. Ophthalmologists should be advocates of regular exercise with appropriate eye protection. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481359 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481358&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000381%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The neovascular form of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes most cases of severe blindness. Because vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a leading role in this disorder, several inhibitors of this molecule are being used in its treatment. However, VEGF has important functions in vascular pathophysiology. It enhances the development of collateral vessels that may supply blood to areas whose arteries are severely affected by atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, it may promote restoration of the damaged endothelium, a vessel layer that protects against the development of atherothrombosis, and it has hypotensive effects. In contrast, VEGF may stimulate the formation of microvessels inside the atherosclerotic plaque. These vessels may become disrupted and ca... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481358 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481357&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS003962570900037X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cyclosporine has been used successfully as a systemic immunomodulator for more than two decades, and numerous studies have investigated its mechanisms of action. In 2003 an ophthalmic formulation, cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion, was approved by the FDA to treat dry eye disease. Topical cyclosporine emulsion has also been investigated for treatment of other ocular surface disorders that may have an immune-based inflammatory component. In these trials, cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion has shown efficacy for management of posterior blepharitis, ocular rosacea, post-LASIK dry eye, contact lens intolerance, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, graft-versus-host disease, and herpetic stromal keratitis. As these disorders are often refractory to other available treatments, ophthal... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481357 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481356&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000538%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Those of you not in academia may not be fully aware of a sea of change in residency training known as the “Outcome Project.” The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education is in an advanced stage of a transition from evaluating residency programs for their content (i.e., meeting written requirements, setting educational objectives, evaluating the residents and the program) to determining whether graduates of the program actually achieve the standards set. Residencies are required to use tools to assess residency competence and then, based on the results, make changes in the program that result in measurable improvements over time. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481356 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481355&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyophthalmol.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0039625709000824%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481355 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2481355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290280&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298899%26dopt%3DAbstract This article aims to comprehensively review the literature germane to psychophysical tests in ARM, and to furnish the reader with an insight into this complex area of research. PMID: 19298899 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290280 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290279&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tarongoy P, Ho CL, Walton DS Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of blindness worldwide. It is a disease of ocular anatomy that is related to pupillary-block and angle-crowding mechanisms of filtration angle closure. Eyes at increased risk for primary angle-closure are small with decreased axial length, anterior chamber depth, and filtration angle width, associated with a proportionately large lens. Angle-closure glaucoma afflicts Asian and Eskimo eyes more frequently than eyes in other races with similar predisposing dimensions. The treatment of primary angle closure addresses its causal mechanisms. Laser peripheral iridotomy equalizes the anterior and posterior pressures and widens the filtration angle by reducing the effect of pupillary block. Argon laser periph... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290279 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290278&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Knickelbein JE, Hendricks RL, Charukamnoetkanok P Herpes simplex virus (HSV) stromal keratitis is a leading cause of corneal opacification and an important indication for penetrating keratoplasty. Based on several observational studies and clinical trials, the current standard of care includes topical corticosteroids and antivirals. However, corticosteroids have significant side effects, and antivirals are only beneficial if replicating virus is present. High-quality clinical trials investigating therapies for HSV stromal keratitis beyond corticosteroids and antivirals are lacking. Immune regulatory drugs, such as cyclosporine A, present attractive alternatives to managing HSV stromal keratitis, given the immune-mediated pathogenesis of stromal disease. Also, inhibiting viral ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290278 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290277&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koursh DM, Modjtahedi SP, Selva D, Leibovitch I Blepharochalasis is a rare eyelid disorder that often presents in childhood or early adolescence. It is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of painless edema of the upper and occasionally lower eyelids. Although the average duration of attack is only two days, multiple attacks eventually lead to atrophic, wrinkled, and discolored periorbital skin. Other clinical manifestations include ptosis, acquired forms of blepharophimosis, lower lid retraction, pseudoepicanthal folds, proptosis, prolapse of orbital fat, and lacrimal tissue. The etiology of blepharochalasis has yet to be fully elucidated, but histpathologic examinations indicate that elastolytic activity, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and other inflammatory processes migh... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290277 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290276&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vanathi M, Panda A, Vengayil S, Chaudhuri Z, Dada T Penetrating keratoplasty in children is a highly challenging and demanding procedure associated with a high risk of graft failure or failure of amblyopia therapy in clear grafts. Nonetheless, keratoplasty remains the surgery of choice for the management of pediatric corneal stromal opacities or edema. Allograft rejection, graft infection, corneal neovascularization, glaucoma, trauma to the anterior segment, vitreous pathology, and additional surgical interventions, especially those related to glaucoma management, are important risk factors. Successful penetrating keratoplasty in children requires careful preoperative evaluation and selection of patients follow-up by well-motivated parents, an expert corneal transplant surgeon... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290276 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290272&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finger RP, Charbel Issa P, Ladewig MS, Götting C, Szliska C, Scholl HP, Holz FG Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disorder that is associated with accumulation of mineralized and fragmented elastic fibers in the skin, vascular walls, and Bruch's membrane in the eye. Clinically, patients exhibit characteristic lesions of the posterior segment of the eye including peau d'orange, angioid streaks, and choroidal neovascularisations, of the skin including soft, ivory-colored papules in a reticular pattern that predominantly affect the neck and large flexor surfaces, and of the cardiovascular system with peripheral and coronary arterial occlusive disease as well as gastrointestinal bleedings. There is yet no definitive therapy. Recent studies suggest that PXE is inh... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290272 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290270&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298905%26dopt%3DAbstract We report the case of a 25-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of redness, photophobia, and decreased vision in the right eye of a week's duration. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination revealed a cream-colored, irregular elevated inferior iris mass, extending on to the anterior lens surface. Differential diagnoses of a fungal granuloma, a medulloepithelioma, and an amelanotic melanoma were considered. An excisional biopsy of the mass was performed through a superior clear corneal incision. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the aqueous humor showed a positive pan fungal genome. Histopathology of the biopsied mass showed a giant cell granuloma with surrounding numerous branching, septate hyphae. Culture growth revealed Aspergillus fumigatus We report this case because of ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290270 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290268&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tailor R, Gupta A, Herrick A, Kwartz J Systemic sclerosis is a chronic multi-system disorder predominantly affecting the skin, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and renal systems. Although the exact etiology is unknown, recent evidence suggests that immune activation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. Ocular involvement in systemic sclerosis has been documented; however, due to the rare nature of the disease, most papers have been single case reports or small case series. This review paper aims to consolidate the findings of previous papers with a view to providing a comprehensive review of the ocular manifestations of systemic sclerosis. PMID: 19298906 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290268 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290266&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gupta PK, Bhatti MT, Rucker JC A 70-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension presented with bilateral abduction deficits consistent with bilateral sixth nerve paresis. A diagnostic evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging and lumbar puncture was unrevealing. The bilateral sixth nerve paresis spontaneously resolved suggesting ischemic or microvascular disease as the underlying etiology. PMID: 19298907 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290266 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290262&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298908%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe the abnormalities seen in the mid periphery and posterior pole of two patients with multifocal vitelliform macular distrophy as evaluated by high-definition spectral domain optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). In patient 1, HD-OCT scans revealed, in the central area, a thicker and more reflective layer compared with the normal macula, located between the retinal pigment epitelium and the interface of the inner segment /outer segment, corresponding to the Verhoeff's membrane. Moreover, HD-OCT macular scans, as well as C-scans, revealed a slight hyper-reflective lesion just above an area of reduced reflectivity between the photoreceptor layer (interface of the inner segment and outer segment) and the Verhoeff's membrane. In patient 2, on HD-OCT macular scans, the layer correspo... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290262 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2290262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2265352&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19278061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: London NJ PMID: 19278061 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2265352 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2265352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2265351&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19278062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carden SM PMID: 19278062 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2265351 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2265351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2265350&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19280722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brodsky MC PMID: 19280722 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2265350 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2265350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141735&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171208%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bhagat N, Grigorian RA, Tutela A, Zarbin MA Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care for macular edema. However, there are cases that are not responsive to laser therapy. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of this condition. In this review we discuss several factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of macular edema (vasoactive factors, biochemical pathways, anatomical abnormalities). It seems that combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy may be the best approach for the management of macular edema in diabetic patients. PMID: 19171208 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141735 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141734&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171209%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Siesky B, Harris A, Brizendine E, Marques C, Loh J, Mackey J, Overton J, Netland P The purpose of this literature review and meta-analysis was to determine what, if any, effects topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have on ocular hemodynamics in humans. A literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on ocular blood flow. Thirty-five articles were evaluated according to the inclusion criteria with 13 manuscripts meeting requirements for statistical analysis. Each study's effect size, defined as the change in blood flow measures after treatment with topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, was estimated using the weighted mean difference. Based on this meta-analysis, we conclude that topical carbonic anhydra... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141734 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141733&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Radcliffe NM, Finger PT Eye cancer-related glaucomas occur through a variety of mechanisms. They can be challenging to diagnose and are often refractory to treatment. The literature reveals the variety of ways eye cancers cause glaucoma. Mechanisms include direct invasion, infiltration, or seeding of the aqueous outflow structures as well as indirect processes, such as compressive angle closure and anterior segment neovascularization. This review describes established, evolving, and new diagnostic techniques (e.g., high-frequency ultrasound and aspiration biopsy techniques). Treatment options typically depend upon the tumor type (primary or secondary), its location, and mechanism of glaucoma. However, they include standard pharmacologic, laser, incisional, and radiotherapeutic... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141733 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141732&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171211%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun C, Wang JJ, Mackey DA, Wong TY Quantitative studies of retinal vascular caliber using new computer-assisted retinal imaging systems have allowed physicians and researchers to understand the influence of systemic, environmental, and genetic factors on retinal vascular caliber. Retinal vascular caliber changes reflect cumulative response to aging, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, nitric oxide-dependent endothelial dysfunction, and other processes. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that changes in retinal arteriolar and venular caliber size may reflect the differential effects of a range of systemic, environmental, and genetic risk factors. Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber and smaller arteriovenous ratio are associated with older age; higher levels of pas... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141732 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141731&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171212%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Fleckenstein M, Scholl HP, Holz FG Fundus autofluorescence imaging is an imaging method that provides additional information compared to conventional imaging techniques. It permits to topographically map lipofuscin distribution of the retinal pigment epithelial cell monolayer. Excessive accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the lysosomal compartment of retinal pigment epithelium cells represents a common downstream pathogenetic pathway in various hereditary and complex retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This comprehensive review contains an introduction in fundus autofluorescence imaging, including basic considerations, the origin of the signal, different imaging methods, and a brief overview of fundus autofluorescence fi... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141731 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141730&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171213%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Broaddus E, Lystad LD, Schonfield L, Singh AD Iris vascular anomalies are rare benign vascular tumors and simulating lesions of the iris stroma. These can be classified into five distinct, clinicopathological entities: iris capillary hemangioma, iris cavernous hemangioma, iris microhemangioma, iris arteriovenous malformation, and iris varix. We have reviewed all reported cases of iris hemangiomas since 1970, as prior cases have been extensively reviewed by Ferry. We also report a case of an iris varix, confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Comparative features of each subtype of vascular anomaly are discussed. PMID: 19171213 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141730 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141729&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171214%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bendo E, Gilbert M, Chavis P, Mistr S A 58-year-old woman presented with a problem with her peripheral vision. Computed tomography scan showed an occipital hemorrhagic stroke. She subsequently suffered gastrointestinal bleeding and at surgery biopsy of a portion of the middle colic artery aneurysm revealed changes consistent with polyarteritis nodosa. PMID: 19171214 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141729 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141728&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thompson JT Indocyanine green (ICG) is one of several vital dyes that are used in vitreoretinal surgery to aid visualization of diaphanous collagenous tissues in what has been called chromovitrectomy. As shown herein, much has been written about the use and rather narrow safety profile of ICG. The discussion surrounding its applications would have ended long ago were it not for the occasional patient who keeps returning to the office with permanent central scotomas after ICG-assisted macular hole surgery. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to reemphasize potential methods of proper use and clarify safety issues of this particular vital dye that enhances surgical technique but not necessarily visual outcome. PMID: 19171215 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmolog... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141728 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141727&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haritoglou C, Kampik A, Langhals H PMID: 19171216 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141727 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141726&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiménez J, Olea J, Torres J, Alonso I, Harder D, Fischer K Louis Braille (1809-1852) was born in France. At the age of three, he wounded his right eye with a cobbler's tool while playing in his father's workshop. No medical knowledge could save his eyesight at that time. Louis's left eye became inflamed, apparently due to subsequent sympathetic ophthalmia, and he eventually lost the sight in that eye. At the age of five, Louis Braille was completely blind. He is considered to be the inventor of a writing system by touch that bears his name, the Braille system. This revolutionary system has allowed blind people to access written culture, and it can therefore be considered a major advance in the quality of life for the blind. The immediate precursor of the invention of the ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141726 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141725&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171218%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses the means by which to make optimal use of them in order to achieve maximal risk prevention and the strongest possible defense in the event of litigation. PMID: 19171218 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141725 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141724&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171219%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kadyan A, Sharma A PMID: 19171219 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141724 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2141723&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19171220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Handa JT, Sodhi A PMID: 19171220 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2141723 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2141723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047982&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Camras C, Toris C PMID: 19038617 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047982 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047981&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toris CB, Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL A decade has passed since the first topical prostaglandin analog was prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) for the treatment of glaucoma. Now four prostaglandin analogs are available for clinical use around the world and more are in development. The three most efficacious of these drugs are latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost, and their effects on IOP and aqueous humor dynamics are similar. A consistent finding is a substantial increase in uveoscleral outflow and a less consistent finding is an increase in trabecular outflow facility. Aqueous flow appears to be slightly stimulated as well. Prostaglandin receptors and their associated mRNAs have been located in the trabecular meshwork, ciliary muscle, and sclera, providing evidence... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047981 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047980&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038619%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the current knowledge of risk calculators in ophthalmology. Clinicians should recognize that the current risk calculators do not include critical information guiding treatment such as life expectancy and patient's willingness to commit to years of eye drops. Overall, eye-care providers should consider the results of a risk calculator as supplemental information when treating an ocular hypertension or glaucoma patient. PMID: 19038619 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047980 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047979&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038620%26dopt%3DAbstract This article will review current literature on diagnostic modalities available for glaucoma with emphasis on the best evidence available in the literature to support their use in clinical practice. PMID: 19038620 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047979 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047978&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038621%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the only modifiable factor associated with open-angle glaucoma that has been consistently identified is elevated baseline IOP. Future research needs to evaluate the importance of others modifiable factors such as IOP fluctuation or nutritional factors. PMID: 19038621 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047978 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047977&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh K, Shrivastava A Early diagnosis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage offers the potential for early treatment which may prevent vision loss from this neurodegenerative disease. Even in patients who do not begin early treatment, early diagnosis allows for better monitoring of disease at a stage where the stakes are lower relative to later stages of the disease. For these reasons, early diagnosis of glaucomatous optic nerve disease is desirable and opens the door for appropriately aggressive therapy. The target intraocular pressure (IOP) concept is widely employed by glaucoma practitioners. Although there have been no randomized clinical trials or other high-quality studies showing the benefits of setting a target IOP versus not using this approach, there is ample evidence ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047977 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047976&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mackenzie P, Cioffi G Until recently, the evidence that lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) protects the optic nerve from glaucomatous damage was weak. Several randomized controlled trials have provided stronger evidence that lowering IOP prevents glaucomatous progression. Optic nerves appear to be highly variable in their susceptibility to raised IOP. Elevated IOP likely triggers several parallel, but interacting mechanisms, including direct axonal damage, failure of load-bearing tissues, and disturbances in microvascular supply. The cellular mechanisms that translate these mechanical and physiologic stresses and that lead to excavation of optic nerve tissue are beginning to be understood. PMID: 19038623 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047976 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047975&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sit AJ, Asrani S Intraocular pressure (IOP) varies dynamically throughout the circadian cycle. IOP elevations during the nocturnal period may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, although sleeping IOP cannot be measured at this time. Additionally, IOP fluctuations may be an independent risk factor for glaucoma. However, not all glaucoma therapies are equally effective at lowering IOP throughout the 24-hour period. The prostaglandin analogs have excellent IOP control throughout the 24-hour period, although less at night than during the day. In contrast, some other classes of medications, such as the beta-blockers, have little or no IOP-lowering effect at night. The prostaglandin analogs also have excellent persistency of IOP lowering, lasting at least as l... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047975 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047974&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038625%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the literature regarding methods to assess adherence and persistence and the patient behaviors that pose challenges to proper treatment. Rates for persistence are generally below 50% at 1 year. Differentiating efficacy of eyedrops from lack of adherence presently confounds ophthalmic treatment. Additionally, as intraocular pressure (IOP) can appear controlled by short-term adherence, the physician can be fooled into believing the patient's glaucoma is well-controlled. Likewise, when progressive worsening is noted despite good IOP control, it can be problematic whether the patient's target pressure needs to be lowered or adherence needs to be improved. White-coat adherence is common, in which patient adherence rises sharply 1 week before the appointment with the physici... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047974 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047973&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bean GW, Camras CB Over the last 12 years, the pharmacological management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension has significantly changed with the introduction of the prostaglandin analogs, specifically, latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost. Their ability to effectively reduce intraocular pressure with once-per-day dosing, their comparable ocular tolerability with timolol, and their general lack of systemic side effects have made them the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for glaucoma and ocular hypertension in most parts of the world. A review of their pharmacology reveals that they are all prodrugs that are converted to their respective free acids within the eye to activate the prostanoid FP receptor and to reduce intraocular pressure by enhancing the uveoscleral and the... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047973 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047972&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tabet R, Stewart WC, Feldman R, Konstas AG Prostaglandin analogs are currently the first-line agents in the medical treatment of glaucoma. Frequently, more than one drug is needed to control intraocular pressure. Beta-blockers, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and alpha-adrenergic agonists are commonly used in addition to prostaglandin analogs. Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are more effective in lowering intraocular pressure at trough than alpha-adrenergic agonists. Although similarly effective as topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors during the day, adequate nocturnal intraocular pressure reduction with beta-blockers is controversial. Three fixed combinations of prostaglandins with timolol (0.005% latanoprost with 0.5% timolol, 0.004% travoprost with 0.5% timolo... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047972 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047971&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19038628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alm A, Grierson I, Shields MB Topical prostaglandin analogs, which have become first-line therapy in the medical management of glaucoma, have an excellent safety profile with regard to systemic side effects, but are associated with several ocular side effects. Some of these are common, with no apparent serious consequences other than cosmetic, whereas others are much less common but represent potentially sight-threatening side effects. The former group includes conjunctival hyperemia, elongation and darkening of eyelashes, induced iris darkening, and periocular skin pigmentation. The latter group of side effects, which are relatively rare and lack definitive causal relationship to prostaglandin analog therapy, includes iris cysts, cystoid macular edema, anterior uveitis, and r... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047971 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 2047971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991902&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harold Lee HB, Garrity JA, Cameron JD, Strianese D, Bonavolontà G, Patrinely JR Primary optic nerve sheath meningioma represents a proliferation of meningothelial cap cells of the arachnoid villi within the optic nerve sheath. Patients younger than 20 years of age make up less than 5% of all cases of pediatric primary optic nerve meningiomas. Histopathologically, the most common subtypes in children are transitional (54%) and meningotheliomatous (38%). This tumor has been called aggressive in the pediatric population, with surgical excision recommended. However, the tumor may spread intraorbitally, intracranially, or intraocularly after subtotal surgical resection. Recent studies examined the use of fractionated, stereotactic radiation in children with this tumor; however... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991902 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991901&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Werne A, Harris A, Moore D, Benzion I, Siesky B Intraocular pressure, a major risk factor for glaucoma, is known to vary throughout the day, yet glaucoma continues to progress in some patients despite it being well controlled. It is important to understand how other glaucomatous risk factors are affected by circadian variations. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature concerning circadian variations in systemic blood pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular blood flow and to identify consensus findings regarding their impact on glaucoma. This review suggests that nonphysiologic nocturnal blood pressure dipping and wider circadian fluctuations in ocular perfusion pressure are linked with the development and progression of glaucoma. No consensus concerning... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991901 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991900&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kniestedt C, Punjabi O, Lin S, Stamper RL The definition of glaucoma has changed over the decades from a simple ocular pressure disease to a systemic disorder of multivariate etiology. Glaucoma may be defined for the individual eye as a chronic ocular disease with various underlying pathophysiologic disorders. However, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is still the most important risk factor for an untreated glaucomatous eye to progress to a more severe stage of the disease. As the main risk factor within therapeutic reach, IOP and its appropriate measurement deserve our ongoing interest. Not only has our understanding of glaucoma changed but also our approach to the measurement of the IOP. In this article we focus our attention on the various developments in tonometry from ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991900 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991899&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026321%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the nonpenetrating surgical techniques, mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, complications, and results. PMID: 19026321 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991899 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991898&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026322%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peden MC, Neelakantan A, Orlando C, Khan SA, Lessner A, Bhatti MT A 52-year-old, immune-suppressed man presented with painful proptosis. Orbital imaging revealed enhancement of his right inferior rectus muscle and mild ethmoidal sinus disease. Sinus washings and turbinectomy demonstrated Curvularia. Despite aggressive intravenous antimicrobials, the patient remained febrile. Repeat imaging demonstrated a well-defined intramuscular abscess without contiguous orbital or paranasal involvement. Following surgical drainage, the patient improved. Cultures of the material expressed from the abscess confirmed a co-infection with Fusarium. Although rare, fungal abscess of the extraocular muscle should be considered in patients (particularly if immunosuppressed) with extraocular muscle ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991898 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991897&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gaunt M, Davis P, Lee AG, Lee MS A 21-year-old Hispanic woman presented with a history of spontaneous miscarriage developed palpable purpura and transient visual loss followed by permanent vision loss OD, secondary to a central retinal artery occlusion with concomitant optic disk edema. The differential diagnosis for vascular occlusion in systemic lupus erythematosus includes antiphospholipid antibody, systemic lupus erythematosus-related vasculitis, hypercoaguable state, or Libman-Sachs endocarditis. PMID: 19026323 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991897 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991896&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pham H, Mansberger S, Brandt JD The clinical role of laser trabeculoplasty remains a controversial topic with many different opinions. In the following three viewpoints the authors have taken contrasting positions on whether argon laser trabeculoplasty remains the "gold standard" or has been supplanted by selective laser trabeculoplasty. Questions are raised regarding the position of laser trabeculoplasty within the stepping of the treatment paradigm for open-angle glaucoma. The appropriate use of laser trabeculoplasty at different stages of disease severity is analyzed. A broader perspective with new insights on laser trabeculoplasty from these articles will hopefully lead to a better understanding of its clinical role in practice. PMID: 19026324 [PubMed - in process] (So... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991896 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991895&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026325%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Damji KF PMID: 19026325 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991895 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991894&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramulu PY, Parrish RK PMID: 19026326 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991894 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991893&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026327%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gloor BP Alfred Vogt (1879-1943) was one of three ophthalmologists from the German-speaking part of Switzerland who had an exceptional impact on ophthalmology during the 20th century; the other two were Hans Goldmann (1899-1991) and Franz Fankhauser (1924-). Vogt is known for his natural gift of observation, his extraordinary memory for facts, and an enormous working capacity. Unfortunately, Vogt's merits and exceptional surgical skills were sometimes overshadowed by his aggressive nature. PMID: 19026327 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991893 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991892&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026328%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Das S, Seitz B PMID: 19026328 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991892 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1991891&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19026329%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dua HS PMID: 19026329 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1991891 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1991891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1947777&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929764%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is the first report of the correlation of this ancient eye test to the 20/20 line in the current Snellen visual acuity test. This article describes the astronomy, origin, history, and the practicality of this test and how it correlates with the present day Snellen visual acuity test. PMID: 18929764 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1947777 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1947777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895844&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gittinger JW PMID: 18929757 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895844 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895843&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ben Simon GJ, McCann JD The goal of cosmetic surgery is to reverse anatomical changes that occur in the face with aging. It is a rapidly growing subdiscipline of ophthalmic plastic surgery and includes forehead, eyelid, mid-face, lower face, and neck surgery, most performed by ophthalmic plastic surgeons. The current article reviews updates in cosmetic eyelid and facial surgery, including minimally invasive techniques such as cable suspensions, injections, and fillers. PMID: 18929758 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895843 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895842&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chan CK, Lin SG, Nuthi AS, Salib DM Pneumatic retinopexy has become an important surgical technique in the modern era of retinal surgical management for retinal detachments. It is primarily indicated for uncomplicated retinal detachments with retinal breaks involving the superior 8 clock hours of the fundus, although more complex retinal detachments may be successfully managed with this technique on a selected basis. Qualified candidates must be willing to maintain a specific head posture for five or more days for optimal outcome with pneumatic retinopexy. Basic surgical steps of pneumatic retinopexy include retinopexy of retinal breaks with cryotherapy or laser, intraocular gas injection before or after retinopexy, and maintenance of proper head posture by the patient for the... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895842 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895841&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mozaffarieh M, Grieshaber MC, Orgül S, Flammer J Glaucomatous optic neuropathy implies loss of retinal ganglion cells, including their axons, and a major tissue remodeling, especially in the optic nerve head. Although increased intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy, there is little doubt that other factors such as ocular blood flow play a role as well. Mechanisms leading to glaucomatous optic neuropathy are not yet clearly understood. There is, however, increasing evidence that both an activation of glial cells and an oxidative stress in the axons play an important role. Glial cells may be activated by mechanical stress via activation of the epidermal growth-factor-receptor, or by ischemic stress via an increase in endothelin. Sever... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895841 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895840&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee MS, Kosmorsky GS, Cook JR, Barton JJ, Briemberg HR A 59-year-old woman noted intermittent ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, and proximal muscle weakness for several years. She had a strong family history of myasthenia gravis. Chest computed tomography and sternotomy revealed a micronodular spindle cell thymoma. Electromyography and antibody testing was negative for myasthenia gravis. Genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. PMID: 18929761 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895840 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895839&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929762%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang S, Wang JJ, Wong TY Alcohol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor, but there is uncertainty regarding its association with eye diseases in adults. A relationship between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of cataract has been reported from cross-sectional studies, but several prospective cohort studies have not found this association. Prospective population-based study findings suggest that heavy alcohol consumption is weakly related to an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration. Reports of an association of alcohol consumption and diabetic retinopathy have been limited mainly to cross-sectional data. There is little evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and glaucoma, and findings of association between alcohol consumption and inc... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895839 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895838&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929763%26dopt%3DAbstract We report 16 cases of eyelid pilomatrixoma that were treated in our department, and review the relevant literature. PMID: 18929763 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895838 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895837&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929764%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is the first report of the correlation of this ancient eye test to the 20/20 line in the current Snellen visual acuity test. This article describes the astronomy, origin, history, and the practicality of this test and how it correlates with the present day Snellen visual acuity test. PMID: 18929764 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895837 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895836&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lesell S PMID: 18929765 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895836 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1895835&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18929766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee AG PMID: 18929766 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1895835 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1895835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544243&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gittinger JW PMID: 18572050 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544243 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:22 +0100 1544243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544242&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verma V, Shen D, Sieving PC, Chan CC Given the fact that infectious agents contribute to around 18% of human cancers worldwide, it would seem prudent to explore their role in neoplasms of the ocular adnexa: primary malignancies of the conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, eyelids, and orbit. By elucidating the mechanisms by which infectious agents contribute to oncogenesis, the management, treatment, and prevention of these neoplasms may one day parallel what is already in place for cancers such as cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Antibiotic treatment and vaccines against infectious agents may herald a future with a curtailed role for traditional therapies of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544242 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:20 +0100 1544242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544241&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572052%26dopt%3DAbstract This article summarizes recent developments in understanding the biology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, reviews its ophthalmic manifestations, prognosis, and the controversy surrounding treatment of isolated orbital disease. PMID: 18572052 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544241 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:17 +0100 1544241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544240&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572053%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, only a small number of published studies investigated the development or progression of age-related macular degeneration following cataract surgery. The scientific level of evidence of these articles was not high and results were inconsistent, nevertheless a promoting influence of cataract surgery on the progression of early age-related macular degeneration can be assumed. PMID: 18572053 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544240 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:15 +0100 1544240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544239&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572054%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abdelkader E, Lois N Peeling the internal limiting membrane of the retina has become a very common procedure performed by vitreo-retinal surgeons. The combination of new microsurgical instrumentation with the availability of different dyes to stain this thin and transparent membrane has facilitated the performance of internal limiting membrane peeling, reducing the time and trauma associated with this maneuver. Internal limiting membrane peeling has been used to treat a variety of retinal pathologies, including full-thickness macular hole, epiretinal membrane, macular edema, vitreomacular traction syndrome, and Terson syndrome, among others. Although it appears that peeling the internal limiting membrane in these retinal conditions may be associated with better anatomical and ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544239 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:12 +0100 1544239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544238&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572055%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kavuncu S, Gilbert M, Purvin V A 37-year-old patient presented with acute visual field loss diagnosed as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the setting of optic nerve drusen. Her visual field loss had progressed when compared to the visual field done 2 years previously. Fundus examination showed bilateral optic nerve head drusen and left retinal nerve fiber layer edema consistent with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. PMID: 18572055 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544238 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:10 +0100 1544238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544237&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572056%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a case of LHON in a 72-year-old man and we emphasize the importance of testing for LHON in all cases of unexplained bilateral and sequential optic neuropathy with a ceco-central or central scotoma. PMID: 18572056 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology) Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544237 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:07 +0100 1544237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544236&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572057%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qian Y, Zakov ZN, Schoenfield L, Singh AD A 50-year-old white man with oculo(dermal) melanocytosis and longstanding iris nevus was found to have growth of the iris mass. Excision and histopathologic examination revealed a mixed cell type malignant melanoma. Benign nevus cells were present at the periphery of the tumor surrounding the entire melanoma. White patients with oculo(dermal) melanocytosis have a predisposition to uveal melanoma, which is usually choroidal in origin. Literature review showed only three confirmed cases of iris melanoma in this setting. Two additional cases initially published as spindle A melanoma have been reclassified as iris nevi based on the modified Callender classification of uveal melanomas. It is recommended that patients with oculo(dermal) mela... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544236 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:05 +0100 1544236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1544235&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18572058%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samiy N Fabry disease is a rare, life-threatening, and under-diagnosed disease, with distinctive ocular manifestations identifiable during a routine eye examination. The disease is caused by an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, resulting in progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body. Long-term clinical manifestations include renal failure, early stroke, and cardiomyopathy. Recently, enzyme-replacement treatment has become available, heightening the importance of early diagnosis so that treatment can be initiated before irreversible organ damage. Ocular manifestations of Fabry disease include cornea verticillata (whorl-like radial lines emanating from a single vortex, visible on slit-lamp examination), distinctive lentic... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1544235 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:22:01 +0100 1544235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1470271&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18501266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosenberg C, Finger PT The incidence of malignant cutaneous melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer. Thus, it will become an increasingly common source of metastatic disease to the eye, lids, and orbit. Herein, we have performed a systematic review of previously published cases including patient characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, current treatments, and outcomes. At the time of ocular diagnosis, nearly all reported patients had a known history of cutaneous melanoma and synchronous non-ocular metastases. Several aspects help in differentiating the tumors from primary uveal melanomas such as the presence of symptoms, rapidly growing multifocal tumors, vitreous seeding, and histopathological findings. Intraocular metastases (uvea, vitreous,... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1470271 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1470271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1470270&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18501267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chihara E A precise assessment of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial for diagnosis and decision making regarding treatment modalities in patients with glaucoma. Recent epidemiologic studies show that a difference of only 1 mm Hg in the mean IOP may be critical enough to determine the visual field prognosis in patients with glaucoma. However, the Goldmann applanation tonometer, which is current gold standard, is not precise enough to measure the true IOP within an error of 1 mm Hg. There are many clinically proposed correction algorithms to correctly measure IOP. However, corrections using only the central corneal thickness and curvature may not be sufficient in each individual case. In this article, previously reported theoretical equations about the effects of corneal ... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1470270 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1470270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1470269&cid=s_36256_30_f&fid=36256&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18501268%26dopt%3DAbstract We report two additional cases of ocular involvement, one with conjunctivitis and a second with iritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and episcleritis. Of the 20 cases, half were bilateral. Thirteen cases occurred in the setting of classical or idiopathic Sweet syndrome and seven in association with malignancy. Biopsies of ocular tissue were infrequent, but, in the seven cases where ocular tissue was analyzed, the histopathology was similar to that of the cutaneous lesions. The ocular complications of Sweet syndrome resolved with systemic administration of corticosteroid or cyclosporine. Topical ocular steroid treatment was frequently used in conjunction with oral steroid but may not have been valuable. PMID: 18501268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmol... Survey of Ophthalmology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1470269 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1470269