MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse' source. Tue, 02 Mar 2010 18:18:35 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263422&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141389%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the potential significance of substance use disorders, and lifetime cocaine diagnoses in particular, on treatment outcome for people with chronic myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Whereas neither lifetime alcohol nor cannabis use were associated with survival on either the univariate or multivariate models of survival, lifetime cocaine diagnoses were associated with significant six-fold increased risk of death (p = .04). PMID: 20141389 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263422 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263421&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141390%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The data presented indicate that a significant group of opioid dependent patients experience adverse life events in both childhood and adulthood. It is by attending to and addressing these issues that health care workers can alleviate ongoing distress and promote confidence. PMID: 20141390 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263421 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263420&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141391%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The elevated plasma 15-F(2t)-IsoP values in heroin dependent subjects, compared to healthy individuals, indicate a shift of the balance between oxidants and antioxidants towards the former and suggest that heroin dependent subjects could benefit from an antioxidant therapy. PMID: 20141391 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263420 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263419&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141392%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Lack of social support from a special person or significant other was associated with depressive symptoms in both males and females. Our findings suggest that depression and social support should be addressed when developing HIV prevention programs among injection drug users. PMID: 20141392 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263419 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263418&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141393%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Drug-using pregnant women and their fetuses are vulnerable to the consequences of both sexual-risk behaviors and drug-use. The ASI may help screen such patients for HIV sexual-risk and drug-use behaviors as a first step in tailoring treatment to address these issues. PMID: 20141393 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263418 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263417&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141394%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These findings suggest that a public health approach that simultaneously addresses psychiatric illnesses, substance abuse, and HIV infection is needed in both the correctional and the community settings in order to provide adequate care for triply-diagnosed patients and prevent them from returning to prison. PMID: 20141394 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263417 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263416&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141395%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions and Scientific Significance: These data suggest the need for targeted intervention and prevention efforts at nightclubs. PMID: 20141395 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263416 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263415&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141396%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Trend for greater decrease in smoking for the bupropion vs. citalopram/escitalopram group [-6.4 vs. -.4 cigarettes/day (p = .276)], although the bupropion decrease was similar to that seen in the no antidepressant group [-5.3 cigarettes/day]. Scientific Significance: Data support continued study of bupropion in depressed pregnant substance-dependent smokers. PMID: 20141396 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263415 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263414&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141397%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion and Scientific Significance: Avoidant and schizoid traits are personality dimensions of cocaine-dependent patients that are associated with cocaine abstinence prior to inpatient admission. These findings suggest an inverse relationship between social isolation and CPB. Notwithstanding, more research is needed, not only to assess the generalizability of these findings, but also to enrich the personality and substance use model with variables related to readiness to change. PMID: 20141397 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263414 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263413&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141398%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The results of this survey show an increase in basic knowledge of hepatitis, high levels of patient satisfaction, and strong acceptance of vaccinations for hepatitis A and B. Overall, the survey indicates that the Healthy Liver Group is providing an important service and is generally well accepted by patients. PMID: 20141398 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263413 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263412&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141399%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Cognitive impairment measured among this sample of injection drug use was related to pre-existing conditions and hepatitis C independent of years of drug use. Such impairment may exist prior to initiation of use and increase vulnerability to poor health outcomes among injection drug users. Scientific Significance: This study highlights the need for interventions targeting a possible high risk subpopulation of injection drug users. PMID: 20141399 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263412 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263411&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141400%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: There may be some cross-cultural consistency in the associations between treatment characteristics and SUD-PD patients' outcomes. Scientific Significance: Treatment evaluation findings from representative programs in one country may apply elsewhere and contribute to our overall knowledge about how to improve SUD-PD patients' outcomes. PMID: 20141400 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263411 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263410&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141401%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Biologically confirmed prevalence of tobacco use among male students was 55.6%, revealing high degree of prevalence in this age group. Predominant form of tobacco use was cigarettes (78%) followed by khaini (20%) and gutkha (2%), showing that most young adults use cigarettes possibly due to the 'cool image' associated with it. Seventy-seven percent of all tobacco users want to quit, thereby giving a strong opportunity to carry out cessation services in this group. There was higher mean Fagerstrom's Scale for Severity of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score in smokers (6.7 +/- 2.2) compared to chewers (4.6 +/- 2.5), revealing higher severity of dependence among smokers than chewers. PMID: 20141401 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263410 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3263409&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20141402%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In the U.S., where the general population is prone to over-nutrition, the average percent BF for heavy injectors does not fall into a range low enough to suggest harmful effects. However, in populations with substantial levels of under-nutrition, small differences in percent BF among drug users will have a greater impact on health status. Scientific Significance: Differences in BMI, weight and body composition are not always straightforward. Accounting for underlying nutritional status and relative differences in fat and FFM is critical when interpreting results. diagnosed patients and prevent them from returning to prison. PMID: 20141402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3263409 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3263409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105764&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014906%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions and Significance: Recent developments in stereotactic technique and deep brain stimulation (DBS) may make stereotactic neurosurgery a viable and reversible treatment for drug addiction. PMID: 20014906 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105764 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105763&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014907%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: There are a number of strong predictors of cannabis use identified in this study. They suggest that the social context within which children are reared has a major influence on cannabis use and use disorders. PMID: 20014907 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105763 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105762&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014908%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions and Scientific Significance: This clinical trial has shown that FYP is effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute heroin withdrawal and has few adverse effects compared to lofexidine. Further study is warranted to determine whether FYP is similar to lofexidine in its potential for reducing stress induced opiate relapse. PMID: 20014908 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105762 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105761&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014909%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous preclinical studies supporting the role of the noradrenergic system in mediating acute amphetamine responses. Scientific significance: Atomoxetine's capacity to attenuate some of the physiological and subjective responses to dextroamphetamine supports its potential use for stimulant addiction. PMID: 20014909 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105761 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105760&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014910%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Impulsivity decreased in subjects who remained in therapeutic community for nine months although self-reported impulsivity at baseline did not seem to be associated with retention. Scientific Significance: Therapeutic community factors contribute to a decrease in self-reported impulsivity and these factors might be enhanced to increase retention in therapeutic community. PMID: 20014910 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105760 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105759&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014911%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Discernable paths from age of drinking onset to monthly bar-going frequency and intoxication level after leaving a bar can be identified. The results highlight the critical role of drinking onset in development of college student alcohol abuse. Research is needed to determine whether college bars are environmental pathogens mediating between genetic risk factors and patron risk behavior. PMID: 20014911 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105759 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105758&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014912%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion and Scientific Significance: These data show that the recruited sample of drug-dependent pregnant women enrolled in an intensive RCT is representative of the larger population of treated opioid-dependent patients and supports the generalizability of randomized controlled trials in this population. PMID: 20014912 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105758 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105757&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014913%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The administration of DCS prior to cue exposure sessions may facilitate response activation. Scientific Significance: While facilitation of extinction-based learning by DCS may have therapeutic potential for cocaine dependence, this drug may exhibit a different profile in cocaine-dependent individuals as compared to those with anxiety disorders. PMID: 20014913 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105757 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105756&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014914%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: These results confirm a similar high prevalence of TST positivity in opioid-dependent patients enrolling in MMT and BMT programs. Racial and ethnic health disparities remain associated with TST positivity, yet a relationship between higher education and tuberculosis requires further investigation. Scientific significance: These data suggest the importance of incorporating TST screening in emerging BMT programs as a mechanism to provide increased detection and treatment of tuberculosis infection in opioid-dependent patient populations. PMID: 20014914 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105756 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105755&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20014915%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: There is a potential for sustained educational programs to reduce the high prevalence of adolescent drug use in Yunnan. Scientific Significance: This is the first empirical study that has investigated reasons for initiating drug use based on a random sample of registered drug users in a high risk province of China. PMID: 20014915 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105755 Sun, 20 Dec 2009 07:32:03 +0100 3105755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2682709&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19658033%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The sample in the current study supports that HIV+ women in drug recovery are at high risk of loss of child custody. Non-adherence to available treatment seems to be associated with loss of child custody. Scientific significance: Results suggest the need for further research and active treatment outreach for this population. PMID: 19658033 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2682709 Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2682709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2654542&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19637102%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Patients may have differing perceptions regarding routes to recovery based on preferences for professional services or spiritual resources. PMID: 19637102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2654542 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2654542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2654541&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19637103%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Findings indicate that CSA is related to unprotected sexual occasions depending on drug type and severity of use. Scientific Significance: Women with CSA using cocaine are at particularly high risk for having unprotected sex and should be specifically targeted for HIV prevention interventions. PMID: 19637103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2654541 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2654541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2654540&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19637104%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These results indicate that a single dose of zonisamide reduces urge to drink and the quantity of ethanol self-administered by risky drinkers during their second hour of access to alcohol. Scientific Significance: Zonisamide may help individuals drinking at risky levels reduce their intake of alcohol. PMID: 19637104 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2654540 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2654540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2654539&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19637105%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Although preliminary due to the limited number of subjects, these findings are the first to document lofexidine urine pharmacokinetics in opiate addicts using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis. PMID: 19637105 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2654539 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2654539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2593288&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19591065%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Abnormal alterations in the neuroendocrine system, including levels of cortisol, ACTH and beta-EP persist throughout the first month of abstinence. These results suggest that neuroendocrine system dysfunctions in heroin abusers is independent of the acute and protracted withdrawal syndromes, and may thus contribute to relapse to heroin use. PMID: 19591065 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2593288 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2593288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2593287&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19591066%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These differences suggest the importance of crafting gender-specific intervention messages, and they may contribute to identifying individuals at risk for initiating MA use. Scientific Significance: Our findings contribute to our knowledge of gender differences in behaviors and effects of MA use among heterosexuals. Future studies would benefit from collection of longitudinal data (to assess causal relationships) and use of a control group (to distinguish correlates of MA use from those of drug use in general). PMID: 19591066 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2593287 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2593287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2593286&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19591067%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Most participants with schizophrenia liked participating in a clinical trial of directly observed naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence, and found incentives for attendance, frequent staff contact and monitoring of drinking, and motivational counseling to be the most helpful. Most participants reported improvement in mental health and reduced drinking. Mental health providers also reported that the study was helpful, but they did not describe the same degree of benefit as did patients. PMID: 19591067 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2593286 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2593286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581109&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19579091%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions and Significance: Altered amygdala activation during risk taking may be a key neural process underlying early habitual alcohol use and a potential marker mediating transition to alcohol dependence. PMID: 19579091 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581109 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2581109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581108&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19579092%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Additional research is needed on the relationship between motivation and treatment entry. Programs may need to make special efforts to facilitate entry for treatment-seeking heroin users who also use cocaine. Scientific Significance: These findings have implications for improving access to methadone treatment. PMID: 19579092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581108 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2581108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2581107&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19579093%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions and Scientific Significance: These findings suggest that practicing behaviors to control one's drug use may be a beneficial strategy for getting ready for treatment. PMID: 19579093 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2581107 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2581107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528468&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353384%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results found that the content of AC and GC increased in these cerebral regions in rats that demonstrated morphine dependence and appeared to be closely linked to increases in AC and GC activity. PMID: 19353384 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528468 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528467&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462293%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that offenders with depressive symptoms have more severe symptomatology than nondepressed offenders but may be more amenable to changing their drinking. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The BDI may be a useful screening tool for determining which offenders are in need of an intervention following a DWI arrest. PMID: 19462293 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528467 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528465&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462294%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Further work remains to be done to strengthen the connection between process-based measures and longer-term patient outcomes. PMID: 19462294 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528465 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528463&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462295%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Study findings are consistent with the prior work of Maisto and colleagues. In addition, it appears that alcohol use, particularly heavy alcohol consumption, during the early post-treatment initiation period may serve as a marker for later alcohol related problems and poorer overall psychosocial functioning. PMID: 19462295 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528463 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528461&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462296%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Current findings appear consistent with those of McLellan and colleagues who found that greater psychiatric severity predicts poor response to treatment across multiple psychosocial outcomes including employment status. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: More intensive and long-term psychiatric treatment and vocational-educational rehabilitative services may be required for improvement in employment functioning among those with relatively severe psychopathology. PMID: 19462296 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528461 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528459&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462297%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Individual and contextual risk factors promoting substance abuse are more salient at a younger age in boys compared to girls. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: These results point to the need for earlier screening and intervention for boys. PMID: 19462297 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528459 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528457&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462298%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Patients treated daily with either buprenorphine or methadone can have adequate pain control postpartum with opioid medication and IB. Pain control is dependent on the opioid-agonist medication in use at delivery, and must be individualized. PMID: 19462298 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528457 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528455&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462299%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McDonell MG, Comtois KA, Voss WD, Morgan AH, Ries RK Psychiatric and substance use disorders, separately or combined, are frequent in adolescence. Brief, psychometrically sound screening tools are needed to identify those at-risk. The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener (GAIN-SS) is a brief, inexpensive screener that was derived from the well researched full GAIN interview. However, its validity has not been independently investigated based on independent validated screening instruments in an adolescent clinical population. In this project, the internal consistency, validity, and optimal screening cutoff scores were examined in 95 adolescents, most of whom were receiving treatment, and suffered from internalizing (52%; n = 49), externalizing (66%, n = 63), and ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528455 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528453&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462300%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Disulfiram and methylphenidate pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction are optimized by considering polymorphisms affecting DbetaH and DAT1 respectively. Altered subjective effects for amphetamine in DAT1 VNTR variants suggest a 'protected' phenotype. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Pharmacogenetic-based treatments for psychostimulant addiction are critical for successful treatment. PMID: 19462300 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528453 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528451&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462301%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Home PSG is a viable method for recording sleep in opioid-dependent MMT patients, and was stable across consecutive nights of study. Two nights of home PSG for MMT patients, therefore, are not necessarily required and confidence in the reliability of data from one night of recording can be assumed. Excluding MMT research participants with one PSG may exclude patients with the worst sleep--precisely the group that most warrants investigation. PMID: 19462301 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528451 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528449&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462302%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the need for a more in-depth examination of the impact of being married and employment as a white collar worker (rather than manual laborer) in order to develop better targeted interventions for improving smoking cessation interventions. PMID: 19462302 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528449 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528447&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462303%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: GHB effectively controls AWS symptoms in medical ICU patients. The rapid initial treatment response of GHB in contrast to CLO has no influence on duration of patient withdrawal. PMID: 19462303 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528447 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528445&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462304%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Cocaine-dependent patients with frequent marijuana use present for treatment with more severe impairment. Accounting for this heterogeneity among participants may improve treatment outcome. PMID: 19462304 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528445 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528443&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19462305%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: PHT may contribute to morbidity and mortality amongst IV buprenorphine abusers. A high index of suspicion of PHT is required in treating IV buprenorphine abusers who presented with pleuropneumonic symptoms. The absence of a relationship between PHT and pulmonary embolism underscores the possibility of the contribution of buprenorphine to PHT, which have been demonstrated in a number of animal studies. PMID: 19462305 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528443 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:03 +0100 2528443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302861&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322728%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Collateral informants serve an important function in supporting the validity of self-report of abstinence versus relapse. PMID: 19322728 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302861 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:43:37 +0100 2302861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302860&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322729%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The findings may be useful in developing gender-differentiated drug counseling and treatment efforts that engage women's sex partners and men's friendship networks to build support for drug treatment. PMID: 19322729 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302860 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:43:37 +0100 2302860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302859&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322730%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Bayesian statistical reasoning provides a formal means of weighing evidence for the presence of an interaction in scenarios where conventional, Frequentist analyses may be less informative. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse for the following free supplemental resource: Appendix 1]. PMID: 19322730 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302859 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:43:37 +0100 2302859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302858&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322731%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The association between retention and level of stress on intake as well as level of participation in MBTC provides support for further research on integrating MBTC into therapeutic community treatment. PMID: 19322731 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302858 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:43:37 +0100 2302858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2302857&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19322732%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Results support the validity of the RACS as a measure of drinking context among college students. The RACS may be most useful when information about drinking needs to be collected under limited time and resources. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Further research is needed to examine the RACS among more diverse, probability samples and over longer time periods. PMID: 19322732 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2302857 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 19:43:37 +0100 2302857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2242438&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19259872%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion and Scientific Significance: Services tailored to methadone residents were accessed by this group. However, while 32% of all participants met diagnostic criteria for a current psychiatric disorder, only 22% received onsite psychiatric care, which questions whether integrated care is being provided adequately for participants with co-occurring disorders. PMID: 19259872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2242438 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2242438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2234976&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19253158%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Collectively, these findings suggest that alcohol abuse and HIV prevention efforts among young adults need to consider gender, ethnicity, and age. PMID: 19253158 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2234976 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2234976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184440&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19212931%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion and Scientific Significance: These data suggests that the introduction of BPN/NLX did not reduce injection related risk behaviors such as syringe sharing and was associated with increased benzodiazepine use. Evidence-based approaches to treat BPN injection are urgently needed. PMID: 19212931 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184440 Thu, 12 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2174633&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19199165%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Women entering treatment in rural Appalachia were significantly more likely to report opiate and sedative/tranquilizer use compared to non-Appalachian women. In order to begin to understand the elevated rates of prescription drug abuse in rural Appalachian Kentucky, substance use must be considered within the context of demographic, geographic, social, and economic conditions of the region. PMID: 19199165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2174633 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2174633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2174632&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19199166%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Results demonstrate that longer periods of detoxification improve participant engagement in treatment and early treatment outcomes. Scientific Significance: Current findings demonstrate the feasibility of implementing an extended buprenorphine detoxification within a community-based treatment clinic. PMID: 19199166 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2174632 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2174632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2174631&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19199167%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: While these data do not allow us to make causal interpretations, our results suggest an association between SLE and ND. Potentially, individuals experiencing SLEs may find it difficult to quit smoking; alternatively, directly or via correlated risks (e.g., living in a high risk neighborhood), smoking may increase the likelihood of exposure to SLEs. PMID: 19199167 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2174631 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2174631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117114&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152199%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Traditional herbal treatments can compliment pharmacotherapies for drug withdrawal and possibly relapse prevention with less expense and perhaps fewer side effects with notable exceptions. Both acupuncture and herbal treatments need testing as adjuncts to reduce doses and durations of standard pharmacotherapies. PMID: 19152199 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117114 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117113&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152200%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: It is important to assess smoking and smoking-related variables within stimulant research studies to more fully understand the comorbidity. Integrating smoking cessation into stimulant treatment may improve nicotine and stimulant treatment outcomes. PMID: 19152200 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117113 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117112&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152201%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Results indicate that illicit drug involvement and psychiatric symptoms may be driving the high rates of prescription opiate misuse among rural stimulant users. These findings have implications for the provision of treatment in resource-deprived rural areas. PMID: 19152201 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117112 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117111&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152202%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The study suggests that problem severity among female DUI offenders may be greater in rural areas and could produce challenges for practitioners who assess and treat rural female DUI offenders. PMID: 19152202 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117111 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117110&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152203%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Higher doses of methadone and individualization of doses are each independently associated with better retention in MMT. PMID: 19152203 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117110 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117109&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152204%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest good retention using combined medication and psychotherapy, and support further examination of modafinil and CBT in double-blind placebo controlled trials. PMID: 19152204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117109 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117108&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152205%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Findings indicate greater severity of drug and employment problems of opioid-addicted women and underline the need for gender-specific drug-treatment services. PMID: 19152205 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117108 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117107&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152206%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: High rates of substance use and unprotected sex may have unintended health consequences for incarcerated young men. Severity of substance use is not a significant predictor of risk behaviors, suggesting the importance of contextual and social factors. Results highlight the need for HIV prevention efforts for this population that take into account contextual and social factors. PMID: 19152206 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117107 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2117106&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19152207%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions/Significance: This study confirms that intake assessments have considerable value in identifying problems to be addressed in treatment. PMID: 19152207 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2117106 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2117106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970333&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016178%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the capacity for HIV prevention programming offered as part of substance abuse treatment to reduce HIV-risk behavior. The findings highlight the need for the development of culturally competent service delivery strategies to enhance the impact of these services for all groups. PMID: 19016178 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970333 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970332&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016179%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Readiness to change has important implications for treatment involving rural probationers. PMID: 19016179 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970332 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970331&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016180%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Results provide valuable insights to inform the development of media campaigns and other environmental management initiatives. PMID: 19016180 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970331 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970330&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016181%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Our findings suggest that chronic opioid dependence may cause reduced function of the HPA axis, while opioid withdrawal may decrease the response of the pituitary to CRH and increase the adrenal response to ACTH. PMID: 19016181 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970330 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970329&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016182%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: This finding may be attributed to the higher probability of infectious diseases in opioids addicts. PMID: 19016182 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970329 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970328&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016183%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Prevention and intervention efforts should account for contextual and motivational factors in attempting to reduce polydrug use and its negative effects. PMID: 19016183 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970328 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970327&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016184%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions/Scientific Significance: Findings suggest that the hypothesized gateway sequence may not apply equally well to African-Americans, and that prevention efforts based on this theory may need to be amended for these youth. PMID: 19016184 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970327 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970326&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016185%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Jinniu capsules may be an effective and safe agent in the management of opiate withdrawal. PMID: 19016185 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970326 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970325&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016186%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Binge drinking is a serious public health concern that affects millions of adult Californians. PMID: 19016186 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970325 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970324&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19016187%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In our setting, street-involved youth implicated in the drug trade are characterized by drug-related and sociodemographic vulnerabilities. These individuals also appear to be motivated by drug dependence and report elevated levels of police violence. Our findings have immediate implications for drug strategies targeting street-level drug dealing. PMID: 19016187 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970324 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:25:16 +0100 1970324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1881044&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18855243%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These findings suggest that chronic MDMA use is neither quantitatively nor qualitatively associated with a high prevalence of abnormal SA-ECG parameters indicative of VLP markers. PMID: 18855243 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1881044 Tue, 14 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1881044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1881043&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18855244%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Aripiprazole (15 mg/day) is safe and tolerable when combined with cocaine; however, the usefulness of aripiprazole as a treatment for cocaine-use disorders remains to be determined. PMID: 18855244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1881043 Tue, 14 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1881043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1873627&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18850496%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: These results introduce the possibility of different, sleep-related cognitive effects of mechanistically distinct GABAergic sedative hypnotics. PMID: 18850496 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1873627 Fri, 10 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1873627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1873626&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18850497%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Our results indicated that per1 plays an important role in morphine reward, and ERK-CREB pathway was involved in the effects of per1. We suggested that per1 gene may be a potential treatment target for drug addition. PMID: 18850497 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1873626 Fri, 10 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1873626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1873625&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18850498%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The findings suggest that alcohol consumption may prime the automatic mental processes that have been shown to contribute to problematic alcohol use. PMID: 18850498 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1873625 Fri, 10 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1873625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1873624&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18850499%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: We conclude that predictions about retention made using the DCI scale scores are treatment stage dependent-the DCI predicts retention at the next stage but the direction of the scale prediction varies as a function of client tenure in treatment. This suggests that treatment processes that influence clients to remain early in treatment may change their valence for clients more advanced in treatment. PMID: 18850499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1873624 Fri, 10 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1873624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1873623&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18850500%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: This study suggests that levetiracetam deserves further study in the treatment of alcohol dependence and co-occurring anxiety disorders. PMID: 18850500 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1873623 Fri, 10 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1873623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838344&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821450%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined for a possible relationship between use of the SIF and employment among a cohort of 1090 SIF users using generalized estimating equations (GEE). In a multivariate analysis of factors associated with employment, using the SIF for >or= 25% of injections (versus > 25% of injections) was not statistically significant (AOR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.88-1.27). These findings suggest that the SIF is not having an adverse impact on efforts to seek employment. PMID: 18821450 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838344 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838343&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821451%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results support the assumption that oxcarbazepine is a valuable drug for inpatient benzodiazepine withdrawal programs. PMID: 18821451 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838343 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838342&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821452%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Single-gender group treatment may confer added benefit for women with substance abuse and high psychiatric symptom severity than mixed-gender treatment. PMID: 18821452 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838342 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838341&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821453%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Further work aimed at designing a psychometrically sound measure that specifically assesses the assets that someone brings with them into substance abuse treatment is needed. PMID: 18821453 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838341 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838340&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821454%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary due to the limited number of subjects, these findings are the first to document lofexidine clinical pharmacokinetics in opiate addicts using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis. PMID: 18821454 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838340 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838339&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821455%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Limitations and implications are discussed. PMID: 18821455 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838339 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838338&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821456%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: More research efforts on how indigent tobacco-using individuals develop their employment skills and become economically independent are needed. PMID: 18821456 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838338 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838337&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821457%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The presence of personality traits appears to influence methadone maintenance. Implications of this finding are discussed. PMID: 18821457 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838337 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838336&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821458%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that both behavioral- and relaxation-based approaches show promise for treating comorbid depression in drug dependent populations. Future work should examine combining or modifying these interventions to target substance use more directly and include values based methods for increasing more adaptive behavioral patterns. PMID: 18821458 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838336 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1838335&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18821459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kirisci L, Tarter R, Mezzich A, Reynolds M The revised Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-R) is a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire used for quantifying problems that frequently precede and co-occur with substance abuse. The present investigation determined whether the DUSI-R's items can be aggregated into scales that implicate current and future psychiatric disorders. Scales were derived to screen for attention deficit, conduct, antisocial, anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders in a longitudinally tracked cohort of 328 boys. Evaluations were conducted when the boys were 12-14, 16, 19, and 22 years of age. All of the scales identified youths qualifying for current DSM-IV diagnosis with excellent accuracy. Predictive validity of the scales ranged from good... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1838335 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 17:42:41 +0100 1838335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1727102&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18720267%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In a free-choice administration of methadone or buprenorphine, there seems to be no difference in cognitive functioning. Possible explanations are discussed. PMID: 18720267 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1727102 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1727102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1727101&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18720268%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The disrupted white matter integrity in right frontal white matter may occur in continuous heroin abuse. PMID: 18720268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1727101 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1727101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1727100&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18720269%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: These findings suggest that most alcoholic indigenes in southern Taiwan have poor insight into their own alcohol-related problems. Cultural specific interventions targeting and improving the indigenes' insight into alcohol-related problems are needed. PMID: 18720269 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1727100 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1727100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1727099&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18720270%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: These data suggest that drug-related ED visits are continuing to increase, although the increase has not been as substantial between 2000 and 2005 as that which was observed between 1995 and 2000 and highlight the opportunity provided by the ED and primary care settings for screening and brief intervention for substance-related problems. These findings also suggest that Healthy People 2010 objectives calling for a reduction in substance-related visits may not be reached. PMID: 18720270 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1727099 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1727099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1618922&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18618337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kang L, Wang D, Li B, Hu M, Zhang P, Li J The effects of mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant, on morphine withdrawal and morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) were investigated in rats. Our results showed that some morphine withdrawal signs, including teeth chattering, grooming, chewing, and escape attendance, were attenuated by single pretreatments with 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg mirtazapine. Wet-dog shakes, rearing, and grooming were inhibited by daily pretreatment with 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg mirtazapine. The expression of morphine-induced CPP was significantly blocked by mirtazapine (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.), while chronic treatment with mirtazapine (1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p. once, daily, for six consecutive days) significantly attenuated the acquisition o... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1618922 Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1618922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1618921&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18618338%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined treatment access and outcomes for persons placed on drug abuse treatment waiting lists. Participants (n = 170) were recruited when they entered either a methadone detoxification program or a day treatment program, and were waiting for methadone maintenance or residential treatment, respectively. Participants were interviewed at baseline and 2-months follow-up. Excluding the index treatment episode, 73% received some treatment during the follow-up period. Mixed effects regression was used to compare short-term outcomes for clients who did and did not enter treatment following the index episode. We found increased drug problems, over time, for all participants. Those enrolled in treatment at follow-up reported higher employment problems (collapsed across time) compared wi... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1618921 Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1618921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579291&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161639%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to examine public support for MMT and was based on cross-sectional data collected in March-April 2006 on a random sample of 411 police staff, medical/health professionals, community members, and drug users. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. The support was the strongest amongst the police and medical professionals but the lowest in drug users. A considerable proportion of the respondents viewed MMT as contradictory to China's drug control policies and this factor was negatively associated with support for MMT. Dissemination of more accurate knowledge and the resolution of these conflicts are urgently needed to increase the public support for MMT. PMID: 18161639 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcoh... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579291 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579290&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161640%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared the characteristics of opioid-addicted adults seeking (n = 169) and not seeking (n = 74) methadone treatment in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants entering treatment were recruited from six methadone treatment programs, while out-of-treatment participants were recruited from the streets using targeted sampling methods. Measures included the Addiction Severity Index, a Supplemental Questionnaire, and urine drug test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi(2), and regression, holding key background variables constant. Despite the lack of differences between the samples in demographic characteristics, the out-of-treatment sample reported significantly more days of heroin, cocaine, and alcohol use and spent significantly more money on drugs and earned more illegal income at bas... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579290 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579289&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161641%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggests that IPV+ males have more severe neuropsychological impairments compared to the smoking control group than did the IPV - group. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID: 18161641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579289 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579288&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161642%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined differences between alcohol-dependent offenders of intimate partner violence (IPV) with and without current daily cigarette smoking. Eighty-five alcohol dependent men arrested for domestic and referred to substance abuse treatment were evaluated. A total of 71% of the participants reported current cigarette smoking. The groups were divided into daily smokers (n = 52) vs. non-daily smokers (n = 21). Daily smokers had significantly more days of alcohol use in the 28 days prior to starting treatment, significantly more ASI alcohol and legal severity, and significantly more participants with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder compared to non-daily smoking alcohol dependent offenders of IPV. PMID: 18161642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579288 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579287&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161643%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carter RE, Haynes LF, Back SE, Herrin AE, Brady KT, Leimberger JD, Sonne SC, Hubbard RL, Liepman MR Substance use relapse rates are often high in the first months after discharge from inpatient substance abuse treatment, and patient adherence to aftercare plans is often low. Four residential addiction treatment centers participated in a feasibility study designed to estimate the efficacy of a post-discharge telephone intervention intended to encourage compliance with aftercare. A total of 282 participants (100 women, 182 men) with substance use disorders were included in this secondary analysis. The findings revealed that women were more likely than men to attend aftercare. This "gender effect" persisted after adjustment for a number of potential mediators. PMID: 18161643 ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579287 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579286&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161644%26dopt%3DAbstract This study helps demonstrate the benefits of introducing 12-step, dual-focus mutual aid into psychiatric treatment programs that serve patients with co-occurring disorders. PMID: 18161644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579286 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579285&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161645%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potvin S, Stip E, Lipp O, Roy MA, Demers MF, Bouchard RH, Gendron A The current study sought to identify the variables, derived from the self-medication hypothesis, which predicted substance abuse evolution during a homogeneous 3-month antipsychotic treatment. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia and substance abuse (mainly cannabis and alcohol). Substance abuse, psychiatric symptoms, anhedonia, and social adjustment were assessed at baseline and study endpoint. Linear regression analyses were performed. Better social adaptation and worse anhedonia predicted substance abuse improvements. Conversely, greater psychoactive substance (PAS) use predicted endpoint positive and depressive symptoms. These results suggest that: (i) substance abuse interferes with psyc... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579285 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579284&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161646%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: We detected higher prevalences of mental disorders among heavy alcohol users. This reinforces the importance of detailed diagnostic investigation of patients. PMID: 18161646 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579284 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579283&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161647%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe receptive and distributive needle/syringe sharing among injection drug users (IDUs) in Kabul, Afghanistan. In this cross-sectional study, IDUs completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression identified correlates of needle sharing in the last six months. Receptive and distributive sharing in the last six months were reported by 28.2% and 28.7% of participants, respectively, and were both independently associated with reported difficulty obtaining new syringes (Receptive sharing: AOR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.66-4.06; Distributive: AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.39). Receptive and distributive sharing are common among IDU in Kabul; scaling up availability of sterile, no-cost injecting equipment is urgently needed. PMID: 18161647 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (S... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579283 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579282&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potter JS, Shiffman SJ, Weiss RD Treatment-seeking opioid-dependent patients present frequently with chronic pain (CP). This pilot study examined the feasibility and utility of a single-item rapid screening tool for identifying CP with implications for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in a sample of patients presenting for inpatient opioid detoxification (n = 110). Most respondents (91.2%) reported pain in the past week. Forty-seven (42.8%) had CP. Individuals with severe CP had significantly greater depressive symptom severity, pain-related functional interference, and were more likely to be on disability than individuals with mild to moderate CP or no CP. The relationships were supported in a multivariate model. The results suggest it is feasible and important to asses... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579282 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579281&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18161649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pace-Schott EF, Morgan PT, Malison RT, Hart CL, Edgar C, Walker M, Stickgold R Seventeen non-treatment seeking cocaine-dependent individuals participated in three-week longitudinal inpatient studies of cognitive changes during drug use and abstinence. Protocols included three days drug-free baseline, three days cocaine self-administration, and two weeks complete abstinence. A repeatable cognitive battery showed attention and delayed verbal recognition memory but not working memory to be impaired in cocaine users compared to age- and sex-matched normative values. Attention was significantly poorer during the first and second week of abstinence compared to days on which cocaine was used suggesting that certain cocaine-induced impairments may be acutely normalized by cocaine use,... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579281 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579280&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293228%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kosten TR, Gardner TJ PMID: 18293228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579280 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579279&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu L, Zhao D, Bao YP, Shi J PMID: 18293229 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579279 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579278&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293230%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Tolerance to alcohol may be a useful concept regarding nondependent drinkers that is not just a proxy for alcohol quantity but also reflects the presence of additional problems. PMID: 18293230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579278 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579277&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293231%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Adrenocorticol responsiveness in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent men does not appear to reflect a preexisting biologic vulnerability to alcoholism. PMID: 18293231 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579277 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579276&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293232%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Wu Y, Cohen MH, Greenblatt RM, Howard AA, Cook JA, Goparaju L, Golub E, Richardson J, Wilson TE Methadone maintenance is associated with improved adherence to antiretroviral therapies among HIV-positive illicit drug users; however, little information exists on whether adherence is associated with different drug abuse treatment modalities. Using longitudinal data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we evaluated the relationship between drug abuse treatment modality and adherence to antiretroviral therapies. In prospective analyses, individuals who reported accessing any drug abuse treatment program were more likely to report adherence to antiretroviral regimens > or = 95% of the time (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01-1.92). Involvement in either a medicatio... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579276 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579275&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293233%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluates the association between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors (HLBs) and relapse rates in a homeless residential rehabilitation program. Ninety-seven homeless veterans with Substance Dependence in Early Remission were evaluated. Veterans recorded recreational, social, coping/spiritual, and substance recovery activities. Those who relapsed during residential treatment were compared to those who did not. Higher numbers of HLBs were associated with lower relapse rates during treatment. No differences were found between the two groups in the number of recovery activities performed. HLBs proved better predictors of success than recovery behaviors. Implications and limitations are discussed. PMID: 18293233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Al... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579275 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579274&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293234%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between anhedonia, craving and temperament and character dimensions in a sample of 50 patients with alcohol and opiate dependence recruited after a period of detoxification. The following scales were applied: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for craving, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The temperament dimension of Novelty Seeking was positively correlated to craving and anhedonia (p < .01), with a higher score of Novelty Seeking in the subsample of anhedonic subjects with respect to both non-anhedonic and control subjects. In our study, the possibility that difficulty in experiencing pleas... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579274 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579273&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davey-Rothwell MA, Kuramoto SJ, Latkin CA In a sample of active drug users, we assessed the associations between frequency of attending a 12-step program, perceived social norms, and social network structure. Participants who reported that most or all of their drug partners attended 12-step groups were over ten times more likely to be frequent attenders compared to individuals who did not go to Narcotics Anonymous (NA). While social network structure of number of cocaine and heroin users and number of members in treatment was associated with frequent attendance, there was no association among individuals who infrequently went to a 12-step program. Individuals who are trying to control their drug use should be encouraged to affiliate with others in recovery or attending a 12-st... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579273 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579272&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293236%26dopt%3DAbstract This study involved cluster analysis of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) records of 304 cocaine dependent males and examined differences among personality-based clusters in medical, legal, employment, drug, alcohol, family, and psychiatric problem severity at treatment intake and in outcome status during the 12 months after completion of residential drug treatment. A hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method) was used to identify 4 cluster subgroups: antisocial, subclinical, neurotic, and high psychopathology. MANOVA revealed that membership in Neurotic and High Psychopathology Cluster subgroups was linked with more severe family and psychiatric problems at treatment intake than found in the Subclinical Cluster Subgroup (all ps < .05). The High Psychopathology Cluste... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579272 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579271&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phillips KT, Anderson BJ, Stein MD The prevalence and risk factors for treated bacterial infections (i.e., skin abscess or cellulitis, osteomyelitis, or endocarditis) were investigated among a community sample of drug users with a history of injection drug use (IDU) who tested negative for Hepatitis C (HCV). Participants were IDUs in an HCV reduction intervention trial followed for 24 months. Among 109 participants, 9.2% reported a bacterial infection during follow-up. Non-Caucasian participants and those who had injected for longer periods at baseline were less likely to experience a bacterial infection at follow-up. IDUs with no history of HCV infection experience bacterial infections, but at lower rates than other IDU cohorts. Behavioral interventions should target bacteria... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579271 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579270&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lau-Barraco C, Schmitz JM The present study extended previous work with the multiple-choice procedure (MCP) by examining the monetary value of cocaine and alcohol in dual-dependent patients. Participants made hypothetical choices between pairs of substances and between each substance and a series of monetary values. Results showed that the combination of cocaine and alcohol was preferred over each individual substance. The monetary value at which the substance is no longer chosen was higher for the combination than for one drink or one hit alone. Monetary values showed convergence with dependence-related variables. These findings substantiate the importance of concurrent alcohol and cocaine dependence treatment. PMID: 18293238 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The Am... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579270 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579269&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293239%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Our findings highlight the need for smoking control interventions aimed at young people. Smoking is a major, yet preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. For these reasons, we view that adolescents should be targeted with a well-planned integrated anti-smoking policy and not just an initiative for raising awareness of smoking hazards. PMID: 18293239 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579269 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579268&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293240%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Consequences of smoking for somatic health should be stressed in health promotion, especially to pregnant women. PMID: 18293240 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579268 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579267&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18293241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ameisen O It has been hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in alcohol dependence could be related to ethanol-mimicking action of the drug and that GHB could reduce alcohol craving, intake and withdrawal by acting as a "substitute" of the alcohol in the central nervous system. Nevertheless, alcohol being the strongest trigger of craving and intake, it is difficult to ascribe reduction of craving and intake to ethanol-mimicking activity of GHB. I have recently proposed that alcohol/substance dependence could result from a GHB-deficiency-related dysphoric syndrome in which alcohol/substances would be sought to "substitute" for insufficient GHB effect. GHB is the sole identified naturally occurring gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABA (B)) receptor a... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579267 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579266&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428067%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ivanov I, Schulz KP, London ED, Newcorn JH Identification of neurobiological factors that confer risk for the development of addiction may substantially advance development of new prevention and treatment strategies to combat substance use disorders. This review focuses on the relationship between impulsivity - a behavior that is common to the clinical picture of both substance use disorders (SUD) and childhood disruptive behavior disorders - and neurobiological risk for SUD. It further examines various behaviors within the over-arching domain of impulsivity, ultimately focusing on the more narrowly defined and measurable construct of inhibitory control, and concluding that underlying deficits in inhibitory control may be central to many of the behaviors associated with high r... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579266 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579265&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428068%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated prospective relations between SUDs and melancholic MDD. A cohort of community-dwelling participants with lifetime history of MDD (N = 460) were assessed for DSM-IV mental disorders using structured clinical interviews at ages 24 and 30. Stimulant use disorders and melancholic MDD were prospective risk factors for each other over the 6-year-period following the age-24 assessment. Associations were robust when controlling for clinical severity/chronicity. Alcohol and cannabis use disorders were not robustly associated with melancholia. PMID: 18428068 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579265 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579264&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kang L, Li B, Gao L, Li S, Wang D, Hu M, Li J The efficacy and safety of Tai-Kang-Ning (TKN) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, for the treatment of acute heroin withdrawal syndrome were investigated by conducting a double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled, and randomized trial. Sixty-four patients with acute heroin withdrawal syndrome were recruited. These patients were treated with either TKN or lofexidine in a fixed schedule of doses for 10 days. The results indicate that both treatments significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms by day 3, but there was no significant difference overall between lofexidine and TKN in efficacy or safety. These results demonstrate that TKN is effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acute heroin withdrawal syndrome ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579264 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579263&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klanecky AK, Harrington J, McChargue DE The present study examined whether childhood sexual trauma moderated the relationships between dissociation and both problematic college drinking and alcohol-induced blackouts among a sample of college females (N = 156). Cross-sectional data were consistent with the moderation hypotheses. Simple effects showed that the relationship between dissociation and blackout frequency as well as problematic drinking only existed among those with sexual trauma histories (p < .035), but not among those reporting no sexual trauma exposure (p = .333). Findings implicate the use of alcohol as a possible maladaptive coping mechanism among college females with childhood sexual trauma. PMID: 18428070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The Amer... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579263 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579262&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edelen MO, Miles JN, Osilla KC, Wenzel SL Recent research efforts have focused on assessing the therapeutic community (TC) treatment process. The current article examines the validity of the client self-report Dimensions of Change Instrument (DCI) treatment process measure, by confirming its factor structure and examining each subscale's relationship with time in treatment, scales from an existing process assessment, and mental and physical health status. Participants were 511 adult and adolescent residential TC clients. The factor structure of the DCI replicated with satisfactory fit. The pattern of associations between DCI subscales and criterion measures was largely as expected, providing initial concurrent and discriminant validity evidence for the DCI. PMID: 18428071 ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579262 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579261&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vansickel AR, Fillmorex MT, Hays LR, Rush CR Two experiments were conducted to determine whether methylphenidate or modafinil, two potential pharmacotherapies for stimulant dependence, would impair inhibitory behavior in cocaine users. Eleven cocaine abusers were administered methylphenidate (0, 15, 30, and 45 mg) or modafinil (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg) across four experimental sessions. A cued go-no-go task was used to measure response execution and inhibition. Subjective and cardiovascular measures were collected. Neither methylphenidate nor modafinil impaired inhibitory control, but produced prototypical subject-rated and cardiovascular effects. The results of these studies may have implications for the use of these drugs as agonist-replacement therapies for stimulant depend... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579261 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579260&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428073%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Feske U, Tarter RE, Kirisci L, Gao Z, Reynolds M, Vanyukov M Previous research has shown that a trait termed neurobehavior disinhibition (ND) measured in childhood predicts substance use disorder by young adulthood. The present investigation extends these findings by determining the degree to which peer environment mediates the association between ND and development of cannabis use disorder (CUD). ND was measured in a sample of 216 boys 10-12 years of age. The peer environment was assessed at age 16. Current CUD was determined at age 22. Paternal and maternal SUD predicted son's ND which, in turn, predicted son's peer environment and, subsequently, son's cannabis use frequency and CUD. Peer environment mediated the association between ND and cannabis use and ND and CUD. Matern... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579260 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579259&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li SX, Li J, Epstein DH, Zhang XY, Kosten TR, Lu L Several studies indicate abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) during acute opiate withdrawal, but protracted withdrawal has gotten less study. The current study further characterized the 24-hour time course of plasma cortisol levels in heroin-dependent individuals who were abstinent for 10-15 days, which is beyond the 5 days of acute withdrawal, compared to demographically matched healthy controls using samples collected every 3 hours over 24 hours and assessed with radioimmunoassay (RIA). The abstinent heroin-dependent participants had significantly higher plasma cortisol levels nocturnally suggesting a loss of diurnal variation in these heroin subjects. PMID: 18428074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLI... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579259 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579258&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McMahon RC, Malow RM, Devieux J, Rosenberg R, Jennings T The purpose of this investigation is to investigate HIV risk-related attitudes, beliefs, expectancies, behaviors, and histories of lifetime sexually transmitted diseases in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) defined psychopathology cluster subgroups. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis, using Ward's method, was employed that led to identification of high (n = 37), medium (n = 132), and low (n = 28) MCMI-III psychopathology cluster subgroups. Members of the low psychopathology subgroup demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge about HIV and AIDS and less anxiety about HIV infection than high and moderate psychopathology subgroups. The high psychopathology subgroup reported greater ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579258 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579257&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428076%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Prisoners with substance abuse constitute a subgroup with increased judiciary and psychiatric issues, possibly due to early life history and psychological characteristics, such as high impulsivity and aggressiveness, poor resilience, and higher suicidal risk. PMID: 18428076 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579257 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579256&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18428077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Graham NA, Merlo LJ, Goldberger BA, Gold MS Methadone is a potent synthetic opioid used for treatment of opioid dependence and chronic pain. Florida Department of Law Enforcement data were analyzed to examine trends in deaths related to or caused by methadone and/or heroin between 2001-2006. Results demonstrated that mortalities associated with methadone use increased steadily as mortalities associated with heroin decreased steadily. Though useful in the treatment of opioid dependence and chronic pain, methadone possesses high abuse potential and documented mortality risks. Treatment with methadone, for both pain and opioid dependence, should be preceded by an abuse liability evaluation. Attempts to minimize diversion should be implemented. PMID: 18428077 [PubMed - indexed... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579256 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579255&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584566%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacogenetics has great potential for improving treatment outcome as we identify gene variants that affect pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors. These mutations guide pharmacotherapeutic agent choice for optimum treatment of alcohol and opiate abuse and subsequent relapse. PMID: 18584566 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579255 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579254&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584567%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our finding showed that while opium might decrease blood glucose temporarily, it had no clear and long-lasting effects on blood glucose, as it had no significant effect on HbA1c. PMID: 18584567 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579254 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579253&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584568%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the link between exposure to early life trauma, sensitivity to current daily stressors, and cocaine dependence. Individuals with (n = 105) or without (n = 53) cocaine dependence completed the Early Trauma Inventory and the Daily Hassles Scale. In comparison to controls, cocaine-dependent individuals reported almost twice as many daily hassles and perceived those hassles more negatively (p < .001). For participants with cocaine dependence, a significant relationship between exposure to early life trauma and negative perception of current daily hassles was observed (p < .01), whereas no such relationship was observed for participants without cocaine dependence. Adverse childhood events may lead to an altered view of the environment that contributes to increased ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579253 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579252&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584569%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitchell MM, Severtson SG, Latimer WW While drug use during pregnancy represents substantial obstetrical risks to mother and baby, little research has examined motivation for drug treatment among pregnant women. We analyzed data collected between 2000 and 2007 from 149 drug-using women located in Baltimore, Maryland. We hypothesized that pregnant drug-using women would be more likely than non-pregnant drug-using women to express greater motivation for treatment. Also, we explored race/ethnicity differences in motivation for treatment. Propensity score analysis was used to match a sample of 49 pregnant drug-using women with 100 non-pregnant drug-using women. The first logistic regression model indicated that pregnant women were more than four times as likely as non-pregnant wom... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579252 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579251&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584570%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mariani JJ, Horey J, Bisaga A, Aharonovich E, Raby W, Cheng WY, Nunes E, Levin FR Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is highly associated with substance use disorders (SUD). In addition to the full ASPD syndrome, which requires both childhood conduct disorder and the adult features, other antisocial behavioral syndromes, including conduct disorder (CD) alone without the adult syndrome, and the adult antisocial behavioral syndrome without childhood CD (AABS) are also frequently diagnosed in patients with SUD. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of these various ASPD syndromes between cocaine- and cannabis-dependent individuals seeking treatment. A structured interview for ASPD excluding symptoms that occurred solely in the context of substance use was conducted i... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579251 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579250&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584571%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mowla A, Kianpor M, Bahtoee M, Sabayan B, Chohedri AH Psychiatric disorders and among them depression are common in substance dependent patients. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of those that appear to have substance-induced depression and those that have independent major depression. One-hundred eighty-four independent and 187 opium-induced (OID) depressed male patients that met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder were randomly selected. Standard demographic data, including age, marital, employment and education status, were collected. The primary measure of depressive signs and symptoms was Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-21).The two groups were compared with each other for the HAMD total and subscales scores. The two groups wer... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579250 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579249&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584572%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the social problem solving skills of adolescents with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure. Adolescents (28 alcohol-exposed, 15 controls) completed a standardized questionnaire of social problem solving, and caregivers completed a parent-report measure of executive functioning. Both questionnaires were mailed to families, and caregivers were asked to recruit a non-exposed control. Results suggest that alcohol-exposed adolescents have substantial impairments in their abilities to solve problems in their everyday life, even in the absence of mental retardation. Such impairments are likely to have a significant impact on social and academic functioning and reflect their need for critical services otherwise unavailable to them. PMID: 18584572 [PubMed - in process] (S... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579249 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579248&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584573%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Talbott LL, Martin RJ, Usdan SL, Leeper JD, Umstattd MR, Cremeens JL, Geiger BF Excessive alcohol consumption is a predominant health concern on college campuses in the United States. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the predictive values of demographic factors in relation to alcohol subscales (Drinking Context Scale, College Alcohol Problems Scale-revised, and Social Modeling Scale) with the outcome of number of drinking days in the past 30 days among a sample (n = 224) of first-year college students. The final model predicted 37.5% of the variability in drinking days in the past month. All variables, except for race, were significantly associated with the outcome (p < .05). PMID: 18584573 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal o... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579248 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579247&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584574%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sarid-Segal O, Piechniczek-Buczek J, Knapp C, Afshar M, Devine E, Sickles L, Uwodukunda E, Richambault C, Koplow J, Ciraulo D The aim of this open-label pilot study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel anticonvulsant agent, levetiracetam, for the treatment of alcohol dependence. A maximal dose of 2000 mg was administered daily for 10 weeks to alcohol dependent subjects (n = 20). Mean reported ethanol intake declined significantly from 5.3 to 1.7 standard drinks per day. Levetiracetam was well tolerated by most subjects. PMID: 18584574 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579247 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579246&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584575%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Snyder JL, Bowers TG Random controlled trials on the efficacy of naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence were reviewed, using a Relative Benefit (RB) analysis approach. A total of 42 studies were included, showing acamprosate use demonstrated a modest improvement, with a RB of 1.76 at three month follow-up. Short-term administration of naltrexone significantly reduced the relapse rate, but was not associated with modification in the abstinence rate. There was insufficient data available to ascertain the efficacy of naltrexone and acamprosate over prolonged periods of time, or the effectiveness of the medications relative to each other. PMID: 18584575 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579246 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579245&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584576%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined socio-demographic and other variables in opioid-using pregnant women seeking treatment and screened for participation in a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Women screened in rural Burlington, Vermont (n = 54), were compared to those screened in urban Baltimore, Maryland (n = 305). Rural opioid-using pregnant women appear to have some characteristics associated with better treatment outcomes (e.g., less severe drug use, greater employment). However, they may face additional barriers in accessing treatment (e.g., greater distance from treatment clinic). PMID: 18584576 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse) The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579245 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1579244&cid=s_37385_2_f&fid=37385&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18584577%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kosten TA, Zhang XY Prior studies report no sex differences in cocaine consumption during maintenance of self-administration. We find female rats show poorer lever discrimination during acquisition of self-administration. Now, we test whether female rats show greater non-reinforced or ineffective responding (presses during infusion and time-out periods as well as inactive lever presses) than male rats during maintenance of cocaine self-administration (.0625-1.0 mg/kg/infusion) in Experiment 1. Persistence of responding during extinction when saline-replaced cocaine was also examined. Whether response differences reflect sex differences in movements under a non-drug condition was tested in Experiment 2. Because cocaine may affect lever press rates differentially between sexes, ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1579244 Sat, 05 Jul 2008 14:04:38 +0100 1579244