MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'The American Naturalist' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 14:32:17 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636211&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F664457%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636211 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 16:40:35 +0100 5636211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577712&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Felsenstein J Abstract Abstract The threshold model developed by Sewall Wright in 1934 can be used to model the evolution of two-state discrete characters along a phylogeny. The model assumes that there is a quantitative character, called liability, that is unobserved and that determines the discrete character according to whether the liability exceeds a threshold value. A Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to infer the evolutionary covariances of the liabilities for discrete characters, sampling liability values consistent with the phylogeny and with the observed data. The same approach can also be used for continuous characters by assuming that the tip species have values that have been observed. In this way, one can make a comparative-methods analysis that combi... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577712 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:20:46 +0100 5577712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577711&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benadi G, Blüthgen N, Hovestadt T, Poethke HJ Abstract Abstract Plant-pollinator networks are systems of outstanding ecological and economic importance. A particularly intriguing aspect of these systems is their high diversity. However, earlier studies have concluded that the specific mechanisms of plant-pollinator interactions are destabilizing and should lead to a loss of diversity. Here we present a mechanistic model of plant and pollinator population dynamics with the ability to represent a broad spectrum of interaction structures. Using this model, we examined the influence of pollinators on the stability of a plant community and the relationship between pollinator specialization and stability. In accordance with earlier work, our results show that plant-pollinator i... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577711 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:20:36 +0100 5577711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577710&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sibly RM, Zuo W, Kodric-Brown A, Brown JH Abstract Abstract Rensch's rule, which states that the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism tends to increase with increasing body size, has evolved independently in three lineages of large herbivorous mammals: bovids (antelopes), cervids (deer), and macropodids (kangaroos). This pattern can be explained by a model that combines allometry, life-history theory, and energetics. The key features are that female group size increases with increasing body size and that males have evolved under sexual selection to grow large enough to control these groups of females. The model predicts relationships among body size and female group size, male and female age at first breeding, death and growth rates, and energy allocation of males to produc... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577710 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:20:26 +0100 5577710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577709&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amarasekare P, Savage V Abstract Abstract Climate warming is predicted to cause large-scale extinctions, particularly of ectothermic species. A striking difference between tropical and temperate ectotherms is that tropical species experience a mean habitat temperature that is closer to the temperature at which fitness is maximized (T(opt)) and an upper temperature limit for survival (T(max)) that is closer to T(opt) than do temperate species. Thus, even a small increase in environmental temperature could put tropical ectotherms at high risk of extinction, whereas temperate ectotherms have a wider temperature cushion. Although this pattern is widely observed, the mechanisms that produce it are not well understood. Here we develop a mathematical framework to partition the te... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577709 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:20:16 +0100 5577709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577708&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hovick SM, Campbell LG, Snow AA, Whitney KD Abstract Abstract Hybridization is hypothesized to promote invasiveness, but empirical tests comparing the performance of hybrid taxa versus parental taxa in novel regions are lacking. We experimentally compared colonization ability of populations of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) with populations of advanced-generation hybrids between wild radish and cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus) in a southeast Texas pasture, well beyond the known invasive range of hybrid radish. We also manipulated the strength of interspecific competition to better generalize across variable environments. In both competitive environments, hybrid populations produced at least three times more seeds than did wild radish populations, a distinction tha... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577708 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:20:06 +0100 5577708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577707&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pillai P, Gonzalez A, Loreau M Abstract Abstract Dispersal is crucial to allowing species inhabiting patchy or spatially subdivided habitats to persist globally despite the possibility of frequent local extinctions. Theoretical studies have repeatedly demonstrated that species that exhibit a regional metapopulation structure and are subject to increasing rates of local patch extinctions should experience strong selective pressures to disperse more rapidly despite the costs such increased dispersal would entail in terms of decreased local fitness. We extend these studies to consider how extinctions arising from predator-prey interactions affect the evolution of dispersal for species inhabiting a metacommunity. Specifically, we investigate how increasing a strong extinction-... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577707 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:19:56 +0100 5577707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577706&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pruitt JN, Stachowicz JJ, Sih A Abstract Abstract Recent studies in animal behavior have emphasized the ecological importance of individual variation in behavioral types (e.g., boldness, activity). Such studies have emphasized how variation in one species affects its interaction with other species. But few (if any) studies simultaneously examine variation in multiple interacting species, despite the potential for coevolutionary responses to work to either maintain or eliminate variation in interacting populations. Here, we investigate how individual differences in behavioral types of both predators (ocher sea stars, Pisaster ochraceus) and prey (black turban snails, Chlorostoma funebralis) interact to mediate predation rates. We assessed activity level, degree of predator ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577706 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:19:46 +0100 5577706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577705&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams PD Abstract Abstract Many of the standard predictions in evolutionary epidemiology result from models in which all hosts are equally susceptible to acquiring an infection and equally capable of resisting pathogens once an infection has been established. This contrasts with the empirical reality that natural host populations are typically composed of individuals with various susceptibilities and vulnerabilities to pathogen exploitation that can influence all aspects of a given pathogen's transmission-virulence phenotype. In these structured host settings, host-dependent variation in the virulence-transmission trade-off plays an important role in determining pathogen evolution. By deriving some game-theoretic equilibrium expressions that describe pathogen evolution ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577705 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:19:37 +0100 5577705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577704&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218313%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gardner A, Alpedrinha J, West SA Abstract Abstract It is generally accepted that from a theoretical perspective, haplodiploidy should facilitate the evolution of eusociality. However, the "haplodiploidy hypothesis" rests on theoretical arguments that were made before recent advances in our empirical understanding of sex allocation and the route by which eusociality evolved. Here we show that several possible promoters of the haplodiploidy effect would have been unimportant on the route to eusociality, because they involve traits that evolved only after eusociality had become established. We then focus on two biological mechanisms that could have played a role: split sex ratios as a result of either queen virginity or queen replacement. We find that these mechanisms can lea... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577704 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:19:27 +0100 5577704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577703&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akçay E, Cleve JV Abstract Abstract An unresolved controversy regarding social behaviors is exemplified when natural selection might lead to behaviors that maximize fitness at the social-group level but are costly at the individual level. Except for the special case of groups of clones, we do not have a general understanding of how and when group-optimal behaviors evolve, especially when the behaviors in question are flexible. To address this question, we develop a general model that integrates behavioral plasticity in social interactions with the action of natural selection in structured populations. We find that group-optimal behaviors can evolve, even without clonal groups, if individuals exhibit appropriate behavioral responses to each other's actions. The evolution o... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577703 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:19:17 +0100 5577703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577702&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lemoine M, Doligez B, Richner H Abstract Abstract In spatiotemporally varying environments, host-parasite coevolution may lead to either host or parasite local adaptation. Using reciprocal infestations over 11 pairs of plots, we tested local adaptation in the hen flea and its main host, the great tit. Flea reproductive success (number of adults at host fledging) was lower on host individuals from the same plot compared with foreign hosts (from another plot), revealing flea local maladaptation. Host reproductive success (number of fledged young) for nests infested by foreign fleas was lower compared with the reproductive success of controls, with an intermediate success for nests infested by local fleas. This suggests host local adaptation although the absence of local adap... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577702 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:19:07 +0100 5577702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577701&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218316%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller ZJ Abstract Abstract Variation among plant species in the number of associated herbivore and pathogen species is predicted to fit a species-area relationship in which the area or biomass embodied by a plant species is a function of individual size and geographic range size. This hypothesis is tested using published estimates of geographic range, individual size, and species richness of fungal pathogens for 490 plant species occurring in the United States and controlling for sampling intensity and phylogenetic effects. The number of pathogens found on a plant species increases with the metrics of area and/or habitat diversity of plant species, and their effects are similar between gymnosperm and angiosperm lineages. The strength of this pattern across a diverse set o... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577701 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:18:56 +0100 5577701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577700&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218317%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cant MA Abstract Abstract Evolutionary conflict arises at all levels of biological organization and presents a barrier to the evolution of cooperation. This barrier can be overcome by mechanisms that reduce the disparity between the fitness optima of subunits, sometimes called the "battleground" of conflict. An alternative, unstudied possibility is that effort invested in conflict is unprofitable. This possibility has received little attention because most existing models of social conflict assume that fitness depends on the ratio of players' conflict efforts, so that "peaceful" outcomes featuring zero conflict effort are evolutionarily unstable. Here I show that peaceful outcomes are stable where success depends on the difference rather than the ratio of efforts invested ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577700 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:18:47 +0100 5577700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577699&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones EI, Gomulkiewicz R Abstract Abstract The biotic environment can pose a challenge to introduced species; however, it is not known how rapid evolution in introduced and resident species influences the probability that the introduced species will become established. Here, we analyze the establishment phase of invasion with eco-evolutionary models of introduced species involved in predator-prey, mutualistic, or competitive interactions with a resident species. We find that, depending on the strength of the biotic interaction, establishment is impossible, guaranteed, or, in a narrow range, determined by genetic variation. Over this narrow range, rapid evolution of the introduced species always favors establishment, whereas resident evolution may either inhibit or facilita... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577699 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:18:38 +0100 5577699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577698&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perkins TA Abstract Abstract Both exotic and native species have been shown to evolve in response to invasions, yet the impacts of rapidly evolving interactions between novel species pairs have been largely ignored in studies of invasive species spread. Here, I use a mathematical model of an interacting invasive predator and its native prey to determine when and how evolutionary lability in one or both species might impact the dynamics of the invader's spatial advance. The model shows that evolutionarily labile invaders continually evolve better adapted phenotypes along the moving invasion front, offering an explanation for accelerating spread and spatial phenotype clines following invasion. I then analytically derive a formula to estimate the relative change in spread rat... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577698 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:18:29 +0100 5577698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577697&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaper SV, Dawson A, Sharp PJ, Gienapp P, Caro SP, Visser ME Abstract Abstract Timing of reproduction in temperate-zone birds is strongly correlated with spring temperature, with an earlier onset of breeding in warmer years. Females adjust their timing of egg laying between years to be synchronized with local food sources and thereby optimize reproductive output. However, climate change currently disrupts the link between predictive environmental cues and spring phenology. To investigate direct effects of temperature on the decision to lay and its genetic basis, we used pairs of great tits (Parus major) with known ancestry and exposed them to simulated spring scenarios in climate-controlled aviaries. In each of three years, we exposed birds to different patterns of changi... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577697 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:18:20 +0100 5577697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577696&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22218321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22218321 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577696 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:18:11 +0100 5577696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636212&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F664080%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636212 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 22:56:06 +0100 5636212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569928&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F664541%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page iii, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569928 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 23:44:34 +0100 5569928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569934&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663686%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 169-177, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569934 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:36:24 +0100 5569934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569940&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663683%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 240-256, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569940 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:36:00 +0100 5569940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569930&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663682%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page E37-E54, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569930 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:35:15 +0100 5569930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569933&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663685%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 157-168, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569933 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:34:45 +0100 5569933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569936&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663684%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 192-203, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569936 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:34:07 +0100 5569936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569939&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663690%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 228-239, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569939 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:33:43 +0100 5569939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569941&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663691%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 257-269, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569941 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:33:23 +0100 5569941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569942&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663699%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 270-281, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569942 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:32:44 +0100 5569942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569932&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663681%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 145-156, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569932 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:32:32 +0100 5569932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569938&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663680%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 217-227, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569938 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:32:08 +0100 5569938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569937&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663674%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 204-216, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569937 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:31:39 +0100 5569937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569931&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663675%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page E55-E69, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569931 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:30:10 +0100 5569931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569943&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663676%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 282-292, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569943 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:29:35 +0100 5569943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569935&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663677%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 178-191, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569935 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:29:12 +0100 5569935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569929&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663678%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page E28-E36, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569929 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:28:28 +0100 5569929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5569944&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663679%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 2, Page 293-301, February 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5569944 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 19:27:58 +0100 5569944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531512&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Birand A, Vose A, Gavrilets S Abstract Abstract The exact nature of the relationship among species range sizes, speciation, and extinction events is not well understood. The factors that promote larger ranges, such as broad niche widths and high dispersal abilities, could increase the likelihood of encountering new habitats but also prevent local adaptation due to high gene flow. Similarly, low dispersal abilities or narrower niche widths could cause populations to be isolated, but such populations may lack advantageous mutations due to low population sizes. Here we present a large-scale, spatially explicit, individual-based model addressing the relationships between species ranges, speciation, and extinction. We followed the evolutionary dynamics of hundreds of thousands ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531512 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:56:42 +0100 5531512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531511&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gellner G, McCann K Abstract Abstract Despite attempts at reconciliation, the role of omnivory in food web stability remains unclear. Here we develop a novel community matrix approach that is analogous to the bifurcation method of modular food web theory to show that the stability of omnivorous food chains depends critically on interaction strength. We find that there are only six possible ways that omnivorous interaction strengths can influence the stability of linear food chains. The results from these six cases suggest that: (1) strong omnivory is always destabilizing, (2) stabilization by weak to intermediate omnivorous interaction strengths dominates the set of possible stability responses, and, (3) omnivory can be occasionally strictly destabilizing or intermittently... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531511 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:56:33 +0100 5531511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531510&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bybee SM, Yuan F, Ramstetter MD, Llorente-Bousquets J, Reed RD, Osorio D, Briscoe AD Abstract Abstract Mimetic wing coloration evolves in butterflies in the context of predator confusion. Unless butterfly eyes have adaptations for discriminating mimetic color variation, mimicry also carries a risk of confusion for the butterflies themselves. Heliconius butterfly eyes, which express recently duplicated ultraviolet (UV) opsins, have such an adaptation. To examine bird and butterfly color vision as sources of selection on butterfly coloration, we studied yellow wing pigmentation in the tribe Heliconiini. We confirmed, using reflectance and mass spectrometry, that only Heliconius use 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine (3-OHK), which looks yellow to humans but reflects both UV- and long-w... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531510 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:56:24 +0100 5531510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531509&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Débarre F, Lion S, van Baalen M, Gandon S Abstract Abstract Most models for the evolution of host defense against parasites assume that host populations are not spatially structured. Yet local interactions and limited dispersal can strongly affect the evolutionary outcome, because they significantly alter epidemiological feedbacks and the spatial genetic structuring of the host and pathogen populations. We provide a general framework to study the evolution of a number of host life-history traits in a spatially structured host population infected by a horizontally transmitted parasite. Our analysis teases apart the selective pressures on hosts and helps disentangle the direct fitness effect of mutations and their indirect effects via the influence of spatial structure on t... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531509 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:56:15 +0100 5531509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531508&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parsons KJ, Márquez E, Albertson RC Abstract Abstract Modular variation, whereby the relative degree of connectivity varies within a system, is thought to evolve through a process of selection that favors the integration of certain traits and the decoupling of others. In this way, modularity may facilitate the pace of evolution and determine evolvability. Alternatively, conserved patterns of modularity may act to constrain the rate and direction of evolution by preventing certain functions from evolving. A comprehensive understanding of the potential interplay between these phenomena will require knowledge of the inheritance and the genetic basis of modularity. Here we explore these ideas in the cichlid mandible by investigating patterns of modularity at the clade and spe... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531508 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:56:06 +0100 5531508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531507&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans SR, Sheldon BC Abstract Abstract The information content of signals such as animal coloration depends on the extent to which variation reflects underlying biological processes. Although animal coloration has received considerable attention, little work has addressed the quantitative genetics of color variation in natural populations. We investigated the quantitative genetics of a carotenoid-based color patch, the ventral plumage of mature great tits (Parus major), in a wild population. Carotenoid-based colors are often suggested to reflect environmental variation in carotenoid availability, but numerous mechanisms could also lead to genetic variation in coloration. Analyses of individuals of known origin showed that, although plumage chromaticity (i.e., color) was mo... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531507 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:55:56 +0100 5531507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531506&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamanaka T, Nelson WA, Uchimura K, Bjørnstad ON Abstract Abstract Population cycles have fascinated ecologists since the early nineteenth century, and the dynamics of insect populations have been central to understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic biological processes responsible for these cycles. We analyzed an extraordinary long-term data set (every 5 days for 48 years) of a tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes honmai) that exhibits two dominant cycles: an annual cycle with a conspicuous pattern of four or five single-generation cycles superimposed on it. General theory offers several candidate mechanisms for generation cycles. To evaluate these, we construct and parameterize a series of temperature-dependent, stage-structured models that include intraspecific competition, par... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531506 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:55:46 +0100 5531506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531505&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173464%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a model for resource allocation within polygynous ant colonies, which assumes that whether an ant larva switches development into a worker or a gyne depends on the quantity of food received randomly from workers. Accordingly, Microdon predation promotes gyne development by increasing resource availability for surviving broods. Several model predictions are supported by empirical data. (i) Uninfected colonies seldom produce gynes. (ii) Infected colonies experience a short-lived peak in gyne production leading to a bimodal distribution in gyne production. (iii) Low brood∶worker ratio is the critical mechanism controlling gyne production. (iv) Brood∶worker ratio reduction must be substantial for increased gyne production to become noticeable. PMID: 22173464 [PubMed - in pro... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531505 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:55:36 +0100 5531505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531504&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173465%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Türke M, Andreas K, Gossner MM, Kowalski E, Lange M, Boch S, Socher SA, Müller J, Prati D, Fischer M, Meyhöfer R, Weisser WW Abstract Abstract Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is widespread, and seed adaptations to myrmecochory are common, especially in the form of fatty appendices (elaiosomes). In a recent study, slugs were identified as seed dispersers of myrmecochores in a central European beech forest. Here we used 105 beech forest sites to test whether myrmecochore presence and abundance is related to ant or gastropod abundance and whether experimentally exposed seeds are removed by gastropods. Myrmecochorous plant cover was positively related to gastropod abundance but was negatively related to ant abundance. Gastropods were responsible for most seed removal ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531504 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:55:26 +0100 5531504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531503&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Husby A, Gustafsson L, Qvarnström A Abstract Abstract The avian incubation period is associated with high energetic costs and mortality risks suggesting that there should be strong selection to reduce the duration to the minimum required for normal offspring development. Although there is much variation in the duration of the incubation period across species, there is also variation within species. It is necessary to estimate to what extent this variation is genetically determined if we want to predict the evolutionary potential of this trait. Here we use a long-term study of collared flycatchers to examine the genetic basis of variation in incubation duration. We demonstrate limited genetic variance as reflected in the low and nonsignificant additive genetic variance, wi... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531503 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:55:16 +0100 5531503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531502&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Desjardins-Proulx P, Gravel D Abstract Abstract Patterns of biodiversity predicted by the neutral theory rely on a simple phenomenological model of speciation. To further investigate the effect of speciation on neutral biodiversity, we analyze a spatially explicit neutral model based on population genetics. We define the metacommunity as a system of populations exchanging migrants, and we use this framework to introduce speciation with little or no gene flow (allopatric and parapatric speciation). We find that with realistic mutation rates, our metacommunity model driven by neutral processes cannot support more than a few species. Adding natural selection in the population genetics of speciation increases the number of species in the metacommunity, but the level of diversi... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531502 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:55:06 +0100 5531502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531501&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maan ME, Cummings ME Abstract Abstract Antipredator defenses and warning signals typically evolve in concert. However, the extensive variation across taxa in both these components of predator deterrence and the relationship between them are poorly understood. Here we test whether there is a predictive relationship between visual conspicuousness and toxicity levels across 10 populations of the color-polymorphic strawberry poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio. Using a mouse-based toxicity assay, we find extreme variation in toxicity between frog populations. This variation is significantly positively correlated with frog coloration brightness, a viewer-independent measure of visual conspicuousness (i.e., total reflectance flux). We also examine conspicuousness from the view of t... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531501 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:54:57 +0100 5531501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531500&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bouwhuis S, Choquet R, Sheldon BC, Verhulst S Abstract Abstract Longitudinal studies of senescence accumulate rapidly from natural populations. However, it is largely unknown whether different fitness components senesce in parallel, how reproductive and survival senescence contribute to declines in reproductive value, and how large the fitness cost of senescence is (the difference between the observed reproductive value and the hypothetical reproductive value, if senescence would not occur). We analyzed age-specific survival in great tits Parus major and combined our results with analyses of reproductive senescence to address these issues. Recapture probability of breeding females declined with age, suggesting age-specific increases in skipped or failed breeding and highli... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531500 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:54:48 +0100 5531500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531499&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22173470 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531499 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:54:39 +0100 5531499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531498&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arnold SJ PMID: 22173471 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531498 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:54:30 +0100 5531498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531497&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reznick D PMID: 22173472 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531497 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:54:21 +0100 5531497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5531496&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22173473 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5531496 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 04:54:12 +0100 5531496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513165&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663681%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513165 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 20:55:15 +0100 5513165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513170&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663197%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page E1-E14, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513170 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:50 +0100 5513170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513182&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663196%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 137-144, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513182 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:45 +0100 5513182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513180&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663195%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 124-131, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513180 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:41 +0100 5513180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513171&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663194%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page E15-E27, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513171 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:36 +0100 5513171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513181&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663193%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 132-136, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513181 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:34 +0100 5513181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513174&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663192%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 38-51, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513174 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:31 +0100 5513174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513173&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663191%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 22-37, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513173 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:28 +0100 5513173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513167&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663728%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page ii-iii, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513167 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:27 +0100 5513167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513169&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F664447%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page iv-vi, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513169 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:26 +0100 5513169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513168&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F664446%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page iv, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513168 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:26 +0100 5513168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513172&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663202%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 1-21, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513172 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:21 +0100 5513172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513179&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663203%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 110-123, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513179 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:16 +0100 5513179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513176&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663200%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 64-78, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513176 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:11 +0100 5513176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513178&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663201%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 95-109, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513178 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:07 +0100 5513178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513166&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663731%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page iv-vi, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513166 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:40:05 +0100 5513166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513177&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663198%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 79-94, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513177 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:39:56 +0100 5513177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513175&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663199%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 179, Issue 1, Page 52-63, January 2012. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513175 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:39:52 +0100 5513175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438872&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089865%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oswald BP, Nuismer SL Abstract Abstract The prevalence of polyploidy among flowering plants is surprising given the hurdles impeding the establishment and persistence of novel polyploid lineages. In the absence of strong assortative mating, reproductive assurance, or large intrinsic fitness advantages, new polyploid lineages face almost certain extinction through minority cytotype exclusion. Consequently, much work has focused on a search for adaptive advantages associated with polyploidy such as increased competitive ability, enhanced ecological tolerances, and increased resistance to pathogens. Yet, no consistent adaptive advantages of polyploidy have been identified. Here, to investigate the potential for autopolyploid establishment and persistence in the absence of any... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438872 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:08:37 +0100 5438872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438871&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089866%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hin V, Schellekens T, Persson L, de Roos AM Abstract Abstract In basic intraguild predation (IGP) systems, predators and prey also compete for a shared resource. Theory predicts that persistence of these systems is possible when intraguild prey is superior in competition and productivity is not too high. IGP often results from ontogenetic niche shifts, in which the diet of intraguild predators changes as a result of growth in body size (life-history omnivory). As a juvenile, a life-history omnivore competes with the species that becomes its prey later in life. Competition can hence limit growth of young predators, while adult predators can suppress consumers and therewith neutralize negative effects of competition. We formulate and analyze a stage-structured model that cap... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438871 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:08:27 +0100 5438871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438867&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wei Y, Kirby A, Levin BR Abstract Abstract Although bacteriophage have been reported to be the most abundant organisms on earth, little is known about their contribution to the ecology of natural communities of their host bacteria. Most importantly, what role do these viral parasitoids play in regulating the densities of bacterial populations? To address this question, we use experimental communities of Vibrio cholerae and its phage in continuous culture, and we use mathematical models to explore the population dynamic and evolutionary conditions under which phage, rather than resources, will limit the densities of these bacteria. The results of our experiments indicate that single species of bacterial viruses cannot maintain the density of V. cholerae populations at level... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438867 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:08:17 +0100 5438867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438861&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089868%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonduriansky R Abstract Abstract Ecological diversification presents an enduring puzzle: how do novel ecological strategies evolve in organisms that are already adapted to their ecological niche? Most attempts to answer this question posit a primary role for genetic drift, which could carry populations through or around fitness "valleys" representing maladaptive intermediate phenotypes between alternative niches. Sexual selection and conflict are thought to play an ancillary role by initiating reproductive isolation and thereby facilitating divergence in ecological traits through genetic drift or local adaptation. Here, I synthesize theory and evidence suggesting that sexual selection and conflict could play a more central role in the evolution and diversification of ecolo... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438861 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:08:08 +0100 5438861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438860&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089869%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the scaling of B in size-manipulated and intact colonies of a bryozoan and show that B scales with M(0.5). To explain this, we apply a general model based on the dynamic energy budget theory for metabolic organization that predicts B on the basis of energy allocation to assimilation, maintenance, growth, and maturation. Uniquely, this model predicts the absolute value of B, emphasizes that there is no single scaling exponent of B, and demonstrates that a single model can explain the variation in B seen in nature. PMID: 22089869 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438860 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:59 +0100 5438860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438859&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089870%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a method of using phenotypic data to characterize the hypothesized role of natural selection and environmentally driven phenotypic shifts (plasticity). We modeled historical selection and environmental predictors of interannual variation in mean population phenotype using a multivariate state-space model framework. Through model comparisons, we assessed the extent to which an estimated selection differential explained observed variation better than environmental factors alone. We applied the method to a 60-year trend toward earlier migration in Columbia River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, producing estimates of annual selection differentials, average realized heritability, and relative cumulative effects of selection and plasticity. We found that an evolutionary response to... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438859 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:50 +0100 5438859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438858&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee WS, Metcalfe NB, Monaghan P, Mangel M Abstract Abstract Fast growth can be costly, so trade-offs between growth and fitness are to be predicted when organisms adjust their growth to compensate for earlier environmental conditions. We developed four generic models of increasing complexity with different processes to predict the indeterminate growth of vertebrate ectotherms, which is sensitive to ambient temperature even when food is not limiting. We contrast the predictions of the models with observed experimental data on growth trajectories, feeding activity, and reproductive investment of three-spined sticklebacks and inferred patterns of accumulation of biomolecular damage arising from activity and growth. All models predicted observed patterns of compensatory growth... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438858 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:41 +0100 5438858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438857&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Port M, Kappeler PM, Johnstone RA Abstract Abstract The evolution of group living has attracted considerable attention from behavioral ecologists working on a wide range of study species. However, theoretical research in this field has been largely focused on cooperative breeders. We extend this line of work to species that lack alloparental care (hereafter termed "noncooperative species") but that may benefit from grouping by jointly defending a common territory. We adopt a demographically explicit approach in which the rates of births and deaths as well as the dispersal decisions of individuals in the population determine the turnover rates of territories and the competition for breeding vacancies thus arising. Our results reveal that some of the factors thought to affec... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438857 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:31 +0100 5438857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438856&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Okajima R, Chiba S Abstract Abstract How do several characteristics adapt to gravity while mutually influencing each other? Our study addresses this issue by focusing on the terrestrial gastropod shell. The geometric relationship between the spire index ([Formula: see text]) and outline (cylindricality) is theoretically estimated. When the shell grows isometrically, a high-spired shell becomes conical in shape and a low-spired shell becomes cylindrical in shape. A physical model shows that the lowest- and highest-spired shells are the most balanced. In addition, a cone shape is the most balanced for a low-spired shell, and a column shape is the most balanced for a high-spired shell. Spire index and cylindricality measured for freshwater gastropods follow the relationship e... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438856 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:21 +0100 5438856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438855&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089874%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chouteau M, Angers B Abstract Abstract Selective predation of aposematic signals is expected to promote phenotypic uniformity. But while these signals may be uniform within a population, numerous species display impressive variations in warning signals among adjacent populations. Predators from different localities who learn to avoid distinct signals while performing intense selection on others are thus expected to maintain such a geographic organization. We tested this assumption by placing clay frog models, representing distinct color morphs of the Peruvian poison dart frog Ranitomeya imitator and a nonconspicuous frog, reciprocally between adjacent localities. In each locality, avian predators were able to discriminate between warning signals; the adjacent exotic morph ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438855 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:11 +0100 5438855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438854&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089875%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bolnick D PMID: 22089875 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438854 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:07:00 +0100 5438854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438853&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089876%26dopt%3DAbstract Treasurer's Report, 2010 Statement of Activities For the year ending December 31, 2010. Am Nat. 2011 Dec;178(6):821-2 Authors: Donohue K PMID: 22089876 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438853 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:06:51 +0100 5438853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438852&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zinck RD, Pascual M, Grimm V Abstract Abstract Ecosystems driven by wildfire regimes are characterized by fire size distributions resembling power laws. Existing models produce power laws, but their predicted exponents are too high and fail to capture the exponent's variation with geographic region. Here we present a minimal model of fire dynamics that describes fire spread as a stochastic birth-death process, analogous to stochastic population growth or disease spread and incorporating memory effects from previous fires. The model reproduces multiple regional patterns in fire regimes and allows us to classify different regions in terms of their proximity to a critical threshold. Transitions across this critical threshold imply abrupt and pronounced increases in average fi... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438852 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:06:42 +0100 5438852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438851&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089878%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bucci V, Nadell CD, Xavier JB Abstract Abstract Bacteriocin production is a spiteful behavior of bacteria that is central to the competitive dynamics of many human pathogens. Social evolution predicts that bacteriocin production is favored when bacteriocin-producing cells are mixed at intermediate frequency with their competitors and when competitive neighborhoods are localized. Both predictions are supported by biofilm experiments. However, the means by which physical and biological processes interact to produce conditions that favor the evolution of bacteriocin production remain to be investigated. Here we fill this gap using analytical and computational approaches. We identify and collapse key parameters into a single number, the critical bacteriocin range, that measure... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438851 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:06:32 +0100 5438851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438850&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089879%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mideo N, Savill NJ, Chadwick W, Schneider P, Read AF, Day T, Reece SE Abstract Abstract Parasite strategies for exploiting host resources are key determinants of disease severity (i.e., virulence) and infectiousness (i.e., transmission between hosts). By iterating the development of theory and empirical tests, we investigated whether variation in parasite traits across two genetically distinct clones of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi, explains differences in within-host infection dynamics and virulence. First, we experimentally tested key predictions of our earlier modeling work. As predicted, the more virulent genotype produced more progeny parasites per infected cell (burst size), but in contrast to predictions, invasion rates of red blood cells (RBCs) ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438850 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:06:22 +0100 5438850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438849&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089880%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22089880 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438849 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 01:06:12 +0100 5438849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418810&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663697%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page iii, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418810 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:00:21 +0100 5418810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418819&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662669%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 755-773, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418819 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:52 +0100 5418819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418812&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662668%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page E162-E173, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418812 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:48 +0100 5418812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418823&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662667%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 810-817, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418823 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:45 +0100 5418823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418818&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662666%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 746-754, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418818 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:17 +0100 5418818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418817&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662665%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 729-745, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418817 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:08 +0100 5418817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418824&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663229%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 818-820, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418824 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:07 +0100 5418824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418825&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663267%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 821-822, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418825 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:06 +0100 5418825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418813&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662670%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page E174-E188, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418813 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:35:04 +0100 5418813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418820&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662671%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 774-786, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418820 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:59 +0100 5418820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418821&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662672%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 787-800, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418821 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:56 +0100 5418821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418814&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662673%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 687-700, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418814 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:50 +0100 5418814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418822&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662674%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 801-809, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418822 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:45 +0100 5418822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418811&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662675%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page E149-E161, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418811 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:42 +0100 5418811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418815&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662676%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 701-714, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418815 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:36 +0100 5418815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418816&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662677%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 6, Page 715-725, December 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418816 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:34:32 +0100 5418816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379017&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030727%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoskin CJ, Tonione M, Higgie M, Mackenzie JB, Williams SE, Vanderwal J, Moritz C Abstract Abstract It is well established from the fossil record and phylogeographic analyses that late Quaternary climate fluctuations led to substantial changes in species' distribution, but whether and how these fluctuations resulted in phenotypic divergence and speciation is less clear. This question can be addressed through detailed analysis of traits relevant to ecology and mating within and among intraspecific lineages that persisted in separate refugia. In a biogeographic system (the Australian Wet Tropics [AWT]) with a well-established history of refugial isolation during Pleistocene glacial periods, we tested whether climate-mediated changes in distribution drove genetic and phenotypi... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379017 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379016&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rabosky DL, Cowan MA, Talaba AL, Lovette IJ Abstract Abstract Evolutionary history can exert a profound influence on ecological communities, but few generalities have emerged concerning the relationships among phylogeny, community membership, and niche evolution. We compared phylogenetic community structure and niche evolution in three lizard clades (Ctenotus skinks, agamids, and diplodactyline geckos) from arid Australia. We surveyed lizard communities at 32 sites in the northwestern Great Victoria Desert and generated complete species-level molecular phylogenies for regional representatives of the three clades. We document a striking pattern of phylogenetic evenness within local communities for all groups: pairwise correlations in species abundance across sites are negat... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379016 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379015&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kavanagh PH, Lehnebach CA, Shea MJ, Burns KC Abstract Abstract Rensch's rule refers to a pattern in sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in which SSD decreases with body size when females are the larger sex and increases with body size when males are the larger sex. Many animal taxa conform to Rensch's rule, but it has yet to be investigated in plants. Using herbarium collections from New Zealand, we characterized the size of leaves and stems of 297 individuals from 38 dioecious plant species belonging to three distantly related phylogenetic lineages. Statistical comparisons of leaf sizes between males and females showed evidence for Rensch's rule in two of the three lineages, indicating SSD decreases with leaf size when females produce larger leaves and increases with leaf size w... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379015 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379014&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sizling AL, Kunin WE, Sizlingová E, Reif J, Storch D Abstract Abstract The species-area relationship (SAR) is considered to be one of a few generalities in ecology, yet a universal model of its shape and slope has remained elusive. Recently, Harte et al. argued that the slope of the SAR for a given area is driven by a single parameter, the ratio between total number of individuals and number of species (i.e., the mean population size across species at a given scale). We provide a geometric interpretation of this dependence. At the same time, however, we show that this dependence cannot be universal across taxa: if it holds for a taxon composed from two subsets of species and also for one of its subsets, it cannot simultaneously hold for the other subset. Using three data ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379014 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379013&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030731%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donahue MJ, Desharnais RA, Robles CD, Arriola P Abstract Abstract Ecological thresholds are manifested as a sudden shift in state of community composition. Recent reviews emphasize the distinction between thresholds due to phase shifts-a shift in the location of an equilibrium-and those due to alternative states-a switch between two equilibria. Here, we consider the boundary of intertidal mussel beds as an ecological threshold and demonstrate that both types of thresholds may exist simultaneously and in close proximity on the landscape. The discrete lower boundary of intertidal mussel beds was long considered a fixed spatial refuge from sea star predators; that is, the upper limit of sea star predation, determined by desiccation tolerance, fixed the lower boundary of the m... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379013 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379012&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030732%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Connor MI, Gilbert B, Brown CJ Abstract Abstract Concern about climate change has spurred experimental tests of how warming affects species' abundance and performance. As this body of research grows, interpretation and extrapolation to other species and systems have been limited by a lack of theory. To address the need for theory for how warming affects species interactions, we used consumer-prey models and the metabolic theory of ecology to develop quantitative predictions for how systematic differences between the temperature dependence of heterotrophic and autotrophic population growth lead to temperature-dependent herbivory. We found that herbivore and plant abundances change with temperature in proportion to the ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolic temper... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379012 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379011&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nord A, Nilsson JÅ Abstract Abstract Because the maintenance of proper developmental temperatures during avian incubation is costly to parents, embryos of many species experience pronounced variation in incubation temperature. However, the effects of such temperature variation on nestling development remain relatively unexplored. To investigate this, we artificially incubated wild blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus L.) clutches at 35.0°, 36.5°, or 38.0°C for two-thirds of the incubation period. We returned clutches to their original nests before hatching and subsequently recorded nestling growth and resting metabolic rate. The length of the incubation period decreased with temperature, whereas hatching success increased. Nestlings from the lowest incubation temperature grou... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379011 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379010&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030734%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Westneat DF, Hatch MI, Wetzel DP, Ensminger AL Abstract Abstract Personality (consistent differences between individuals in behavior) and plasticity (changes within individuals in behavior) are often viewed as separate and opposing phenomena. We tested this idea by analyzing parental care reaction norms in a bird that exhibits biparental care. Personality in provisioning behavior existed ([Formula: see text]) and persisted despite being reduced after accounting for individual differences in environment. Plasticity was also evident and differed between the sexes. Male visit rate was associated with changes in brood size and time of day, but female visit rate was associated with changes in nestling age and date. In both sexes changes in visit rate were positively correlated ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379010 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379009&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030735%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forster J, Hirst AG, Woodward G Abstract Abstract Growth and development rates are fundamental to all living organisms. In a warming world, it is important to determine how these rates will respond to increasing temperatures. It is often assumed that the thermal responses of physiological rates are coupled to metabolic rate and thus have the same temperature dependence. However, the existence of the temperature-size rule suggests that intraspecific growth and development are decoupled. Decoupling of these rates would have important consequences for individual species and ecosystems, yet this has not been tested systematically across a range of species. We conducted an analysis on growth and development rate data compiled from the literature for a well-studied group, marine... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379009 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379008&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030736%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cardoso GC, Hu Y Abstract Abstract Sexual signals are often elaborate as a result of sexual selection for signals of individual quality. Contrary to expectation, however, the elaboration of signals such as birdsong is not related to the strength of sexual selection across species. With a comparative study across wood warblers (family Parulidae), we show a compromise between advertising the performance of trills (syllable repetitions) and song complexity, which can result in the evolution of simple, rather than elaborate, song. Species with higher trill performance evolved simple songs with more extensive trilled syntax. This advertises trill performance but reduces syllable diversity in songs. These two traits are commonly sexually selected in songbirds, but indexes of sex... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379008 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379007&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sedinger JS, Schamber JL, Ward DH, Nicolai CA, Conant B Abstract Abstract We used observations of individually marked female black brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans; brant) at three wintering lagoons on the Pacific coast of Baja California-Laguna San Ignacio (LSI), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and Bahía San Quintín (BSQ)-and the Tutakoke River breeding colony in Alaska to assess hypotheses about carryover effects on breeding and distribution of individuals among wintering areas. We estimated transition probabilities from wintering locations to breeding and nonbreeding by using multistratum robust-design capture-mark-recapture models. We also examined the effect of breeding on migration to wintering areas to assess the hypothesis that individuals in family groups occu... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379007 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379006&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030738%26dopt%3DAbstract This study addresses interspecific competition for a nutrient resource that is stored within individuals in habitats with both temporal and spatial variation. In such environments, population structure is induced by the mixture at any location of individuals with different amounts of stored nutrient, acquired elsewhere in the habitat. Focusing on phytoplankton competing for phosphorus in a partially mixed water column, an individual-based Lagrangian model is used to represent this population structure, and partial differential equations that approximate competitive dynamics are constructed by averaging over this population structure. Although the approximation model overestimates the benefit of resource storage to competitive fitness, both approaches predict that species with high storage ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379006 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379005&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030739%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vasseur DA, Amarasekare P, Rudolf VH, Levine JM Abstract Abstract Recent studies suggest that selection can allow coexistence in situations where ecological dynamics lead to competitive exclusion, provided that there is a trade-off between traits optimal for interacting with conspecifics and traits optimal for interacting with heterospecifics. Despite compelling empirical evidence, there is no general framework for elucidating how and when selection will allow coexistence in natural communities. Here we develop such a framework for a mechanism that we term "neighbor-dependent selection." We show that this mechanism can both augment coexistence when ecological conditions allow for niche partitioning and enable coexistence when ecological conditions lead to competitive exclu... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379005 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379004&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030740%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22030740 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379004 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356191&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662674%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356191 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:55:15 +0100 5356191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356200&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F663279%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page ii-iii, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356200 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:35:22 +0100 5356200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356206&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662176%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 602-611, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356206 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:35:18 +0100 5356206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356207&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662177%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 612-625, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356207 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:35:08 +0100 5356207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356212&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662160%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 679-686, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356212 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:35:01 +0100 5356212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356201&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662161%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page E96-E109, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356201 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:57 +0100 5356201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356205&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662162%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 579-595, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356205 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:46 +0100 5356205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356203&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662163%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page E124-E148, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356203 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:43 +0100 5356203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356202&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662165%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page E110-E123, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356202 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:32 +0100 5356202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356204&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662164%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 561-578, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356204 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:24 +0100 5356204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356210&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662173%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 652-667, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356210 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:16 +0100 5356210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356211&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662174%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 668-678, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356211 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:12 +0100 5356211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356208&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662171%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 626-638, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356208 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:09 +0100 5356208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356209&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662172%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 178, Issue 5, Page 639-651, November 2011. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356209 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 21:34:00 +0100 5356209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356193&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662667%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356193 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 20:38:15 +0100 5356193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356192&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662665%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356192 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 20:38:06 +0100 5356192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356194&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662670%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356194 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 20:02:35 +0100 5356194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356196&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662673%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356196 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:44:58 +0100 5356196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356195&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662672%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356195 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:15:33 +0100 5356195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356197&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662668%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356197 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 21:19:27 +0100 5356197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356198&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662671%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356198 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 21:19:11 +0100 5356198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311829&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662172%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311829 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 20:10:40 +0100 5311829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5356199&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662666%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5356199 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 21:10:25 +0100 5356199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311830&cid=s_36974_98_f&fid=36561&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Finfo%2F10.1086%2F662175%3Fai%3D1s8%26af%3DR The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Ahead of Print. (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311830 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 14:25:46 +0100 5311830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325215&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956089%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geber MA PMID: 21956089 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Naturalist) The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325215 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325214&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eckhart VM, Geber MA, Morris WF, Fabio ES, Tiffin P, Moeller DA Abstract Abstract Potential causes of species' geographic distribution limits fall into two broad classes: (1) limited adaptation across spatially variable environments and (2) limited opportunities to colonize unoccupied areas. Combining demographic studies, analyses of demographic responses to environmental variation, and species distribution models, we investigated the causes of range limits in a model system, the eastern border of the California annual plant Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. Vital rates of 20 populations varied with growing season temperature and precipitation: fruit number and overwinter survival of 1-year-old seeds declined steeply, while current-year seed germination increased modestly al... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325214 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325213&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956091%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moeller DA, Geber MA, Tiffin P Abstract Abstract Theoretical models of species' geographic range limits have identified both demographic and evolutionary mechanisms that prevent range expansion. Stable range limits have been paradoxical for evolutionary biologists because they represent locations where populations chronically fail to respond to selection. Distinguishing among the proposed causes of species' range limits requires insight into both current and historical population dynamics. The tools of molecular population genetics provide a window into the stability of range limits, historical demography, and rates of gene flow. Here we evaluate alternative range limit models using a multilocus data set based on DNA sequences and microsatellites along with field demograph... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325213 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325212&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956092%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holt RD, Barfield M Abstract Abstract Understanding range limits is a fundamental problem in ecology and evolutionary biology. In 1963, Mayr argued that "contaminating" gene flow from central populations constrained adaptation in marginal populations, preventing range expansion, while in 1984, Bradshaw suggested that absence of genetic variation prevented species from occurring everywhere. Understanding stability of range boundaries requires unraveling the interplay of demography, gene flow, and evolution of populations in concrete landscape settings. We walk through a set of interrelated spatial scenarios that illustrate interesting complexities of this interplay. To motivate our individual-based model results, we consider a hypothetical zooplankter in a landscape of disc... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325212 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325211&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956093%26dopt%3DAbstract We present an empirical framework for combining gene flow, environment, and fitness-related phenotypes to infer the potential for maladaptation, and we demonstrate its application using the scarlet monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis. We grew individuals sampled from populations on a latitudinal transect under varied temperatures and determined the phenotypic deviation (PD), the mismatch between phenotype and local environment. We inferred gene flow among populations and predicted that populations receiving the most temperature- or latitude-weighted immigration would show the greatest PD and that these populations were likely marginal. We found asymmetrical gene flow from central to marginal populations. Populations with more latitude-weighted immigration had significantly greater PD but were ... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325211 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325210&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956094%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compares adult thermal limits across five widespread species and five restricted tropical species of Drosophila from eastern Australia and investigates how these limits are affected by developmental acclimation and hardening after controlling for environmental variation and phylogeny. Irrespective of acclimation, cold resistance was higher in the widespread species. Developmental cold acclimation simulating temperate conditions extended cold limits by 2°-4°C, whereas developmental heat acclimation under simulated tropical conditions increased upper thermal limits by <1°C. The response to adult heat-hardening was weak, whereas widespread species tended to have a larger cold-hardening response that increased cold tolerance by 2°-5°C. These patterns persisted after phylogen... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325210 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5325209&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Price TD, Mohan D, Tietze DT, Hooper DM, Orme CD, Rasmussen PC Abstract Abstract The primary explanation for the latitudinal gradient in species diversity must lie in why species fail to expand ranges across different climatic regimes. Theories of species gradients based in niche conservatism assume that whole clades are confined to particular climatic regimes because the traits they share limit adaptation to alternative regimes. We assess these theories in an analysis of the twofold decline in bird species richness along the Himalayas from the southeast to the northwest. The presence of fewer species in the northwest is entirely due to a steep decline in the number of forest species; species occupying more open habitats show a reversed gradient. Forest species numbers are... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5325209 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5325209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5275945&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956022%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a comprehensive test of constraints caused by genetic correlation, comparing empirical results to predictions from theory. The additive genetic correlation between the filament and the corolla tube in wild radish flowers is very high in magnitude, is estimated with good precision ([Formula: see text]), and is caused by pleiotropy. Thus, evolutionary changes in the relative lengths of these two traits should be constrained. Still, artificial selection produced rapid evolution of these traits in opposite directions, so that in one replicate relative to controls, the difference between them increased by six standard deviations in only nine generations. This would result in a 54% increase in relative fitness on the basis of a previous estimate of natural selection in this population... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5275945 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5275945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5275944&cid=s_36974_62_f&fid=36974&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21956023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seekell DA, Carpenter SR, Pace ML Abstract Abstract Regime shifts are massive, often irreversible, rearrangements of nonlinear ecological processes that occur when systems pass critical transition points. Ecological regime shifts sometimes have severe consequences for human well-being, including eutrophication in lakes, desertification, and species extinctions. Theoretical and laboratory evidence suggests that statistical anomalies may be detectable leading indicators of regime shifts in ecological time series, making it possible to foresee and potentially avert incipient regime shifts. Conditional heteroscedasticity is persistent variance characteristic of time series with clustered volatility. Here, we analyze conditional heteroscedasticity as a potential leading indicat... The American Naturalist journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5275944 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5275944